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Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Structure and Therapeutic Properties

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Microbial Polymers

Abstract

Microbial exopolysaccharides are the metabolic products of the bacterial or fungal cells that are composed of sugar, proteins, organic acid in various ratios and serve multiple protecting functions to the host cell against drought, pathogenic attack, antibiotics treatment, etc. They were first investigated during the 1880s and day by day have gained popularity in the sectors of food, pharmaceutics for anthropogenic benefits. They possess huge structural diversity according to their different types of sugar compositions and bond formations. Structural diversity and wide functional property have made EPSs as potent antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antitumor agents with acceptability in nano drug delivery, bioactive compound encapsulation, as prebiotics (fermented milk products like kefir, villi, taetea), etc. EPSs from LAB (lactic acid bacteria), extremophiles like marine halophiles, thermophiles, and psychrophiles are major contributors to the modern pharmaceutical industry with evidenced pharmacological applications. Their unique composition of sugars with different types of linkages is the prime cause of their multidimensional bioactivity. These exopolymers are not only useful in direct disease prevention but Also helps in therapeutic diagnosis, drug delivery, wound healing, etc. In this chapter, some recent discoveries of exopolysaccharides from a variety of microbial sources (archaebacteria, mesophiles, algal members, endophytic fungi, and bacteria) are mentioned with their utilization as antioxidative agents, antimicrobial compounds, antiproliferative compound, etc., along with their structural information.

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  1. Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India

    Hiran Kanti Santra & Debdulal Banerjee

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, India

    Anukool Vaishnav

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, India

    Devendra Kumar Choudhary

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Santra, H.K., Banerjee, D. (2021). Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Structure and Therapeutic Properties. In: Vaishnav, A., Choudhary, D.K. (eds) Microbial Polymers. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0045-6_17

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