Abstract
The versatility displayed by kingdom Fungi in terms of physiological, genomic and metabolic complexities has ensured their presence in all major ecosystems. Given that 85% of the Earth experiences cold temperatures of below 5 °C, either seasonally or permanently, there is no shortage of cold environments resulting in global distribution of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic fungi. The cold-adapted extremophilic fungi possess molecular adaptations to persist and proliferate against harsh conditions exerted on them by their environment such as multiple freeze-thaw cycles, desiccation, low water activity, high exposure to harmful UV radiation or complete absence, high hydrostatic pressure and low nutrient availability. Cold habitats include polar regions such Antarctica and the Arctic as well as non-polar regions such as the deep seas and alpine regions. These regions offer a broad spectrum of niches for colonization of fungi including but not limited to rocks, ice sheets, snow cover, glaciers, cold soils, frozen seas, freshwater ice and permafrost, with varying levels of abundance and diversity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abrego N, Huotari T, Tack AJM, Lindahl BD, Tikhonov G, Somervuo P, Martin Schmidt N, Ovaskainen O, Roslin T (2020) Higher host plant specialization of root-associated endophytes than mycorrhizal fungi along an arctic elevational gradient. Ecol Evol 10:8989–9002. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6604
ACIA (2005) Arctic climate impact assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Adapa V, Ramya LN, Pulicherla KK, Rao KRSS (2014) Cold active pectinases: advancing the food industry to the next generation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172:2324–2337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0685-1
Aislabie J, Saul DJ, Foght JM (2006) Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated polar soils. Extremophiles 10:171–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-005-0498-4
Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M (2015) Physiological adaptations of yeasts living in cold environments and their potential applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 31:1467–1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-1900-8
Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW (1979) Introductory mycology, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York
Almeida F, Rodrigues ML, Coelho C (2019) The still underestimated problem of fungal diseases worldwide. Front Microbiol 10:214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00214
Alshannaq A, Yu J-H (2017) Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food. IJERPH 14:632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060632
AMAP (2009) Amap assessment 2009: human health in the Arctic. Arctic monitoring and assessment programme. AMAP, Oslo
Amend A, Burgaud G, Cunliffe M, Edgcomb VP, Ettinger CL, Gutiérrez MH, Heitman J, Hom EFY, Ianiri G, Jones AC, Kagami M, Picard KT, Quandt CA, Raghukumar S, Riquelme M, Stajich J, Vargas-Muñiz J, Walker AK, Yarden O, Gladfelter AS (2019) Fungi in the marine environment: open questions and unsolved problems. MBio 10:e01189. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01189-18
Archer SDJ, de los Ríos A, Lee KC, Niederberger TS, Cary SC, Coyne KJ, Douglas S, Lacap-Bugler DC, Pointing SB (2016) Endolithic microbial diversity in sandstone and granite from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica. Polar Biol 40:997–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-2024-9
Arrarte E, Garmendia G, Rossini C, Wisniewski M, Vero S (2017) Volatile organic compounds produced by Antarctic strains of Candida sake play a role in the control of postharvest pathogens of apples. Biol Control 109:14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.03.002
Barone V, Tangherlini R, Dell’Anno D, Corinaldesi (2019) Marine fungi: biotechnological perspectives from deep-hypersaline anoxic basins. Diversity 11:113. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11070113
Batista TM, Hilario HO, de Brito GAM, Moreira RG, Furtado C, de Menezes GCA, Rosa CA, Rosa LH, Franco GR (2020) Whole-genome sequencing of the endemic Antarctic fungus Antarctomyces pellizariae reveals an ice-binding protein, a scarce set of secondary metabolites gene clusters and provides insights on Thelebolales phylogeny. Genomics 112:2915–2921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.05.004
Birgisson H, Delgado O, García Arroyo L, Hatti-Kaul R, Mattiasson B (2003) Cold-adapted yeasts as producers of cold-active polygalacturonases. Extremophiles 7:185–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-002-0310-7
Bisht G, Srivastava S, Kulshreshtha R, Sourirajan A, Baumler DJ, Dev K (2020) Applications of red pigments from psychrophilic Rhodonellum psychrophilum GL8 in health, food and antimicrobial finishes on textiles. Process Biochem 94:15–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.021
Bjorbækmo M, Carlsen T, Brysting A, Vrålstad T, Høiland K, Ugland K, Geml J, Schumacher T, Kauserud H (2010) High diversity of root associated fungi in both alpine and arctic Dryas octopetala. BMC Plant Biol 10:244. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-10-244
Blanchette RA, Held BW, Hellmann L, Millman L, Büntgen U (2016) Arctic driftwood reveals unexpectedly rich fungal diversity. Fungal Ecol 23:58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2016.06.001
Boetius A, Anesio AM, Deming JW, Mikucki JA, Rapp JZ (2015) Microbial ecology of the cryosphere: sea ice and glacial habitats. Nat Rev Microbiol 13:677–690. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522
Boo SY, Wong CMVL, Rodrigues KF, Najimudin N, Murad AMA, Mahadi NM (2012) Thermal stress responses in Antarctic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12, characterized by real-time quantitative PCR. Polar Biol 36:381–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1268-2
Botnen S, Thoen E, Eidesen PB, Krabberød AK, Kauserud H (2020) Community composition of arctic root-associated fungi mirrors host plant phylogeny. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 96(11):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaa185
Botnen S, Vik U, Carlsen T, Eidesen PB, Davey ML, Kauserud H (2014) Low host specificity of root-associated fungi at an Arctic site. Mol Ecol 23:975–985. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12646
Bratchkova A, Ivanova V (2011) Bioactive metabolites produced by microorganisms collected in Antarctica and the Arctic. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 25:1–7. https://doi.org/10.5504/bbeq.2011.0116
Brunner I, Frey B, Hartmann M, Zimmermann S, Graf F, Suz LM, Niskanen T, Bidartondo MI, Senn-Irlet B (2017) Ecology of alpine macrofungi-combining historical with recent data. Front Microbiol 8:2066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02066
Butinar L, Strmole T, Gunde-Cimerman N (2011) Relative incidence of Ascomycetous yeasts in Arctic coastal environments. Microb Ecol 61:832–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-010-9794-3
Camenzuli D, Freidman BL (2015) On-site and in situ remediation technologies applicable to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites in the Antarctic and Arctic. Polar Res 34:24492. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.24492
Carrasco M, Rozas JM, Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M (2019) Pectinase secreted by psychrotolerant fungi: identification, molecular characterization and heterologous expression of a cold-active polygalacturonase from Tetracladium sp. Microb Cell Fact 18:45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-019-1092-2
Carrasco M, Villarreal P, Barahona S, Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M (2016) Screening and characterization of amylase and cellulase activities in psychrotolerant yeasts. BMC Microbiol 16:21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0640-8
Casadevall A (2018) Fungal diseases in the 21st century: the near and far horizons. Pain 3:183. https://doi.org/10.20411/pai.v3i2.249
Cavicchioli R (2015) On the concept of a psychrophile. ISME J 10:793–795. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.160
Cavicchioli R, Charlton T, Ertan H, Omar SM, Siddiqui KS, Williams TJ (2011) Biotechnological uses of enzymes from psychrophiles. J Microbial Biotechnol 4:449–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00258.x
Chadha BS, Kaur B, Basotra N, Tsang A, Pandey A (2019) Thermostable xylanases from thermophilic fungi and bacteria: current perspective. Bioresour Technol 277:195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.044
Chadni Z, Rahaman MH, Jerin I, Hoque KMF, Reza MA (2017) Extraction and optimisation of red pigment production as secondary metabolites from Talaromyces verruculosus and its potential use in textile industries. Mycology 8:48–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2017.1302013
Chaudhary DK, Kim J (2019) New insights into bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated soil in cold environments. Int Biodeter Biodegr 142:58–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.05.001
Chuang WY, Hsieh YC, Lee T-T (2020) The effects of fungal feed additives in animals: a review. Animals 10:805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050805
Coleine C, Stajich JE, Zucconi L, Onofri S, Pombubpa NE, Franks A, Buzzini P, Selbmann L (2018) Antarctic Cryptoendolithic fungal communities are highly adapted and dominated by Lecanoromycetes and Dothideomycetes. Front Microbiol 9:1392. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01392
Collins T, Margesin R (2019) Psychrophilic lifestyles: mechanisms of adaptation and biotechnological tools. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103:2857–2871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09659-5
Comeau AM, Vincent WF, Bernier L, Lovejoy C (2016) Novel chytrid lineages dominate fungal sequences in diverse marine and freshwater habitats. Sci Rep 6:30120. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30120
Convey P (2013) Antarctic ecosystems. In: Encyclopedia of biodiversity, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 179–181
Cox F, Newsham KK, Bol R, Dungait JAJ, Robinson CH (2016) Not poles apart: Antarctic soil fungal communities show similarities to those of the distant Arctic. Ecol Lett 19:528–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12587
Cox F, Newsham KK, Robinson CH (2019) Endemic and cosmopolitan fungal taxa exhibit differential abundances in total and active communities of Antarctic soils. Environ Microbiol 21:1586–1596. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14533
da Silva TH, Silva DAS, de Oliveira FS, Schaefer CEGR, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2020) Diversity, distribution, and ecology of viable fungi in permafrost and active layer of maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 24:565–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-020-01176-y
de la Torre JR, Goebel BM, Friedmann EI, Pace NR (2003) Microbial diversity of Cryptoendolithic communities from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica. AEM 69:3858–3867. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.3858-3867.2003
de Oliveira TB, Gomes E, Rodrigues A (2014) Thermophilic fungi in the new age of fungal taxonomy. Extremophiles 19:31–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-014-0707-0
Del-Cid A, Ubilla P, Ravanal M-C, Medina E, Vaca I, Levicán G, Eyzaguirre J, Chávez R (2013) Cold-active xylanase produced by fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172:524–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0551-1
Ding Z, Li L, Che Q, Li D, Gu Q, Zhu T (2016) Richness and bioactivity of culturable soil fungi from the Fildes peninsula, Antarctica. Extremophiles 20:425–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-016-0833-y
Duarte AWF, Barato MB, Nobre FS, Polezel DA, de Oliveira TB, dos Santos JA, Rodrigues A, Sette LD (2018) Production of cold-adapted enzymes by filamentous fungi from King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 41:2511–2521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2387-1
Duarte AWF, dos Santos JA, Vianna MV, Vieira JMF, Mallagutti VH, Inforsato FJ, Wentzel LCP, Lario LD, Rodrigues A, Pagnocca FC, Pessoa Junior A, Durães Sette L (2017) Cold-adapted enzymes produced by fungi from terrestrial and marine Antarctic environments. Crit Rev Biotechnol 38:600–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2017.1379468
Durán P, Barra PJ, Jorquera MA, Viscardi S, Fernandez C, Paz C, Mora M d l L, Bol R (2019) Occurrence of soil fungi in Antarctic pristine environments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 7:28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00028
Edwards A, Douglas B, Anesio AM, Rassner SM, Irvine-Fynn TDL, Sattler B, Griffith GW (2013) A distinctive fungal community inhabiting cryoconite holes on glaciers in Svalbard. Fungal Ecol 6:168–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2012.11.001
Ekkers DM, Cretoiu MS, Kielak AM, van Elsas JD (2011) The great screen anomaly—a new frontier in product discovery through functional metagenomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 93:1005–1020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3804-3
Fenice M (2016) The Psychrotolerant Antarctic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003: a powerful producer of cold-tolerant Chitinolytic enzymes. Molecules 21:447. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040447
Fisher MC, Gow NAR, Gurr SJ (2016) Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience. Philos Trans R Soc B 371:20160332. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0332
Fisher MC, Henk Daniel A, Briggs CJ, Brownstein JS, Madoff LC, McCraw SL, Gurr SJ (2012) Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health. Nature 484:186–194. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10947
Fleischhacker A, Grube M, Kopun T, Hafellner J, Muggia L (2015) Community analyses uncover high diversity of Lichenicolous fungi in alpine habitats. Microb Ecol 70:348–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-015-0579-6
Fornbacke M, Clarsund M (2013) Cold-adapted proteases as an emerging class of therapeutics. Infect Dis Ther 2:15–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-013-0002-x
French HM (2007) The periglacial environment, 3rd edn. Wiley, West Sussex, p 458
Friedman S (2019) Emerging fungal infections: new patients, new patterns, and new pathogens. JoF 5:67. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5030067
Fujimura KE, Egger KN (2012) Host plant and environment influence community assembly of high Arctic root-associated fungal communities. Fungal Ecol 5:409–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2011.12.010
Furbino LE, Pellizzari FM, Neto PC, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2017) Isolation of fungi associated with macroalgae from maritime Antarctica and their production of agarolytic and carrageenolytic activities. Polar Biol 41:527–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2213-1
Furhan J (2020) Adaptation, production, and biotechnological potential of cold-adapted proteases from psychrophiles and psychrotrophs: recent overview. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 18:36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-020-00053-7
Gerday C, Aittaleb M, Bentahir M, Chessa J-P, Claverie P, Collins T, D’Amico S, Dumont J, Garsoux G, Georlette D, Hoyoux A, Lonhienne T, Meuwis M-A, Feller G (2000) Cold-adapted enzymes: from fundamentals to biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 18:103–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(99)01413-4
Gerginova M, Manasiev J, Yemendzhiev H, Terziyska A, Peneva N, Alexieva Z (2013) Biodegradation of phenol by Antarctic strains of Aspergillus fumigatus. Z Naturforsch C 68:0384. https://doi.org/10.5560/znc.2013.68c0384
Gittel A, Bárta J, Kohoutová I, Mikutta R, Owens S, Gilbert J, Schnecker J, Wild B, Hannisdal B, Maerz J, Lashchinskiy N, Čapek P, Šantrůčková H, Gentsch N, Shibistova O, Guggenberger G, Richter A, Torsvik VL, Schleper C, Urich T (2013) Distinct microbial communities associated with buried soils in the Siberian tundra. ISME J 8:841–853. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.219
Gleason FH, Gadd GM, Pitt JI, Larkum AWD (2017) The roles of endolithic fungi in bioerosion and disease in marine ecosystems. I General concepts. Mycology 8:205–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2017.1352049
Godinho VM, de Paula MTR, Silva DAS, Paresque K, Martins AP, Colepicolo P, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2019) Diversity and distribution of hidden cultivable fungi associated with marine animals of Antarctica. Fungal Biol 123:507–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2019.05.001
Godinho VM, Gonçalves VN, Santiago IF, Figueredo HM, Vitoreli GA, Schaefer CEGR, Barbosa EC, Oliveira JG, Alves TMA, Zani CL, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Romanha AJ, Kroon EG, Cantrell CL, Wedge DE, Duke SO, Ali A, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2015) Diversity and bioprospection of fungal community present in oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica. Extremophiles 19:585–596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-015-0741-6
Gomes ECQ, Godinho VM, Silva DAS, de Paula MTR, Vitoreli GA, Zani CL, Alves TMA, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Barbosa EC, Oliveira JG, Oliveira FS, Carvalho CR, Ferreira MC, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2018) Cultivable fungi present in Antarctic soils: taxonomy, phylogeny, diversity, and bioprospecting of antiparasitic and herbicidal metabolites. Extremophiles 22:381–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-018-1003-1
Gonçalves VN, Carvalho CR, Johann S, Mendes G, Alves TMA, Zani CL, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Romanha AJ, Cantrell CL, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2015) Antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal activities of fungal communities present in different substrates from Antarctica. Polar Biol 38:1143–1152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1672-5
Gong J-S, Lu Z-M, Li H, Zhou Z-M, Shi J-S, Xu Z-H (2013) Metagenomic technology and genome mining: emerging areas for exploring novel nitrilases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:6603–6611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-4932-8
Goordial J, Davila A, Lacelle D, Pollard W, Marinova MM, Greer CW, DiRuggiero J, McKay CP, Whyte LG (2016) Nearing the cold-arid limits of microbial life in permafrost of an upper dry valley, Antarctica. ISME J 10:1613–1624. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.239
Gottschalk LMF, Oliveira RA, Bon EP d S (2010) Cellulases, xylanases, β-glucosidase and ferulic acid esterase produced by Trichoderma and Aspergillus act synergistically in the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Biochem Eng J 51:72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2010.05.003
Gounot A-M (1986) Psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. Experientia 42:1192–1197. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01946390
Govarthanan M, Fuzisawa S, Hosogai T, Chang Y-C (2017) Biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons using the filamentous fungus Penicillium sp. CHY-2 and characterization of its manganese peroxidase activity. RSC Adv 7:20716–20723. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28687a
Hagestad OC, Andersen JH, Altermark B, Hansen E, Rämä T (2019) Cultivable marine fungi from the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and their antibacterial activity. Mycology 11:230–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2019.1708492
Hamid R, Javed S, Ahmad M, Ahmad M, Abdin M, Khan M, Musarrat J (2013) Chitinases: an update. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 5:21. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.106559
Hao J-H, Sun M (2014) Purification and characterization of a cold alkaline protease from a psychrophilic Pseudomonas aeruginosa HY 1215. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 175:715–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1315-2
Hassan N, Rafiq M, Hayat M, Shah AA, Hasan F (2016) Psychrophilic and psychrotrophic fungi: a comprehensive review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 15:147–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-016-9395-9
Hassett BT, Borrego EJ, Vonnahme TR, Rämä T, Kolomiets MV, Gradinger R (2019) Arctic marine fungi: biomass, functional genes, and putative ecological roles. ISME J 13:1484–1496. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0368-1
He J, Yang Z, Hu B, Ji X, Wei Y, Lin L, Zhang Q (2015) Correlation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis. Yeast 32:683–690. https://doi.org/10.1002/yea.3095
Hill PW, Broughton R, Bougoure J, Havelange W, Newsham KK, Grant H, Murphy DV, Clode P, Ramayah S, Marsden KA, Quilliam RS, Roberts P, Brown C, Read DJ, Deluca TH, Bardgett RD, Hopkins DW, Jones DL (2019) Angiosperm symbioses with non-mycorrhizal fungal partners enhance N acquisition from ancient organic matter in a warming maritime Antarctic. Ecol Lett 22:2111–2119. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13399
Hirose D, Hobara S, Matsuoka S, Kato K, Tanabe Y, Uchida M, Kudoh S, Osono T (2016) Diversity and community assembly of moss-associated fungi in ice-free coastal outcrops of continental Antarctica. Fungal Ecol 24:94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2016.09.005
Hutchinson MI, Powell AJ, Herrera J, Natvig DO (2019) New perspectives on the distribution and roles of thermophilic fungi. In: Fungi in extreme environments: ecological role and biotechnological significance. Springer, Cham, pp 59–80
Jones EBG, Suetrong S, Sakayaroj J, Bahkali AH, Abdel-Wahab MA, Boekhout T, Pang K-L (2015) Classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Fungal Divers 73:1–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4
Juturu V, Wu JC (2012) Microbial xylanases: engineering, production and industrial applications. Biotechnol Adv 30:1219–1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.006
Kamoun S, Furzer O, Jones JDG, Judelson HS, Ali GS, Dalio RJD, Roy SG, Schena L, Zambounis A, Panabières F, Cahill D, Ruocco M, Figueiredo A, Chen X-R, Hulvey J, Stam R, Lamour K, Gijzen M, Tyler BM, Grünwald NJ, Mukhtar MS, Tomé DFA, Tör M, Van Den Ackerveken G, McDowell J, Daayf F, Fry WE, Lindqvist-Kreuze H, Meijer HJG, Petre B, Ristaino J, Yoshida K, Birch PRJ, Govers F (2014) The top 10 oomycete pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 16:413–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12190
Kilias ES, Junges L, Šupraha L, Leonard G, Metfies K, Richards TA (2020) Chytrid fungi distribution and co-occurrence with diatoms correlate with sea ice melt in the Arctic Ocean. Commun Biol 3:183. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-0891-7
Korniłłowicz-Kowalska T, Kitowski I (2012) Aspergillus fumigatus and other thermophilic fungi in nests of wetland birds. Mycopathologia 175:43–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-012-9582-3
Krishnan A, Convey P, Gonzalez-Rocha G, Alias SA (2014) Production of extracellular hydrolase enzymes by fungi from King George Island. Polar Biol 39:65–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1606-7
Kuehn HH, Gunderson MF (1963) Psychrophilic and mesophilic fungi in frozen food products. Appl Microbiol 11(4):352–356
Kumar M, Brar A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N (2018) Bioconversion of chitin to bioactive Chitooligosaccharides: amelioration and coastal pollution reduction by microbial resources. Marine Biotechnol 20:269–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-018-9812-x
Kundys A, Białecka-Florjańczyk E, Fabiszewska A, Małajowicz J (2017) Candida antarctica lipase B as catalyst for cyclic esters synthesis, their polymerization and degradation of aliphatic polyesters. J Polym Environ 26:396–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-0945-1
Lagashetti AC, Dufossé L, Singh SK, Singh PN (2019) Fungal pigments and their prospects in different industries. Microorganisms 7:604. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120604
Latijnhouwers M, de Wit PJGM, Govers F (2003) Oomycetes and fungi: similar weaponry to attack plants. Trends Microbiol 11(10):462–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2003.08.002
Lopez-Lopez O, Cerdan M, Siso M (2014) New extremophilic lipases and esterases from metagenomics. CPPS 15:445–455. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203715666140228153801
Low C-Y, Rotstein C (2011) Emerging fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. F1000 Med Rep 3:14. https://doi.org/10.3410/m3-14
Mahapatra S, Banerjee D (2013) Fungal exopolysaccharide: production, composition and applications. Microbiol Insights 6:10957. https://doi.org/10.4137/mbi.s10957
Maheshwari R, Bharadwaj G, Bhat MK (2000) Thermophilic fungi: their physiology and enzymes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64:461–488. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.64.3.461-488.2000
Mair J, Schinner F, Margesin R (2013) A feasibility study on the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from an alpine former military site: effects of temperature and biostimulation. Cold Reg Sci Technol 96:122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.07.006
Margesin R, Fauster V, Fonteyne P-A (2005) Characterization of cold-active pectate lyases from psychrophilic Mrakia frigida. Lett Appl Microbiol 40:453–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01704.x
Melo IS, Santos SN, Rosa LH, Parma MM, Silva LJ, Queiroz SCN, Pellizari VH (2013) Isolation and biological activities of an endophytic Mortierella alpina strain from the Antarctic moss Schistidium antarctici. Extremophiles 18:15–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-013-0588-7
Merín MG, Mendoza LM, Farías ME, Morata de Ambrosini VI (2011) Isolation and selection of yeasts from wine grape ecosystem secreting cold-active pectinolytic activity. Int J Food Microbiol 147:144–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.004
Molnár Z, Bódai V, Szakacs G, Erdélyi B, Fogarassy Z, Sáfrán G, Varga T, Kónya Z, Tóth-Szeles E, Szűcs R, Lagzi I (2018) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles by thermophilic filamentous fungi. Sci Rep 8:3943. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22112-3
Muggia L, Fleischhacker A, Kopun T, Grube M (2015) Extremotolerant fungi from alpine rock lichens and their phylogenetic relationships. Fungal Divers 76:119–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0343-8
Naga Padma P, Anuradha K, Reddy G (2011) Pectinolytic yeast isolates for cold-active polygalacturonase production. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 12:178–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2011.02.001
Nagano Y, Nagahama T, Hatada Y, Nunoura T, Takami H, Miyazaki J, Takai K, Horikoshi K (2010) Fungal diversity in deep-sea sediments—the presence of novel fungal groups. Fungal Ecol 3:316–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2010.01.002
Nakagawa T, Nagaoka T, Taniguchi S, Miyaji T, Tomizuka N (2004) Isolation and characterization of psychrophilic yeasts producing cold-adapted pectinolytic enzymes. Lett Appl Microbiol 38:383–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01503.x
Naranjo-Ortiz MA, Gabaldón T (2019) Fungal evolution: diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of the fungi. Biol Rev 94:2101–2137. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12550
Newsham KK, Garnett MH, Robinson CH, Cox F (2018) Discrete taxa of saprotrophic fungi respire different ages of carbon from Antarctic soils. Sci Rep 8:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25877-9
Newsham KK, Upson R, Read DJ (2009) Mycorrhizas and dark septate root endophytes in polar regions. Fungal Ecol 2:10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2008.10.005
Noffsinger C, Cripps CL, Horak E (2020) A 200-year history of arctic and alpine fungi in North America: early sailing expeditions to the molecular era. Arct Antarct Alp Res 52(1):323–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.1771869
Onofri S, Selbmann L, Zucconi L, Pagano S (2004) Antarctic microfungi as models for exobiology. Planet Space Sci 52:229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2003.08.019
Oses-Pedraza R, Torres-Díaz C, Lavín P, Retamales-Molina P, Atala C, Gallardo-Cerda J, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Molina-Montenegro MA (2020) Root endophytic Penicillium promotes growth of Antarctic vascular plants by enhancing nitrogen mineralization. Extremophiles 24:721–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-020-01189-7
Oyeleye A, Normi YM (2018) Chitinase: diversity, limitations, and trends in engineering for suitable applications. Biosci Rep 38(4):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20180323
Pacelli C, Selbmann L, Moeller R, Zucconi L, Fujimori A, Onofri S (2017) Cryptoendolithic Antarctic black fungus Cryomyces antarcticus irradiated with accelerated helium ions: survival and metabolic activity, DNA and ultrastructural damage. Front Microbiol 8:2002. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02002
Panda T, Gowrishankar BS (2005) Production and applications of esterases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 67:160–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1840-y
Pandey A, Dhakar K, Jain R, Pandey N, Gupta VK, Kooliyottil R, Dhyani A, Malviya MK, Adhikari P (2018) Cold adapted fungi from Indian Himalaya: untapped source for bioprospecting. Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect B Biol Sci 89:1125–1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-1002-0
Paterson R, Lima N (2017) Thermophilic fungi to dominate Aflatoxigenic/Mycotoxigenic fungi on food under global warming. IJERPH 14:199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020199
Payne CM, Knott BC, Mayes HB, Hansson H, Himmel ME, Sandgren M, Ståhlberg J, Beckham GT (2015) Fungal cellulases. Chem Rev 115:1308–1448. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500351c
Perini L, Gostinčar C, Anesio AM, Williamson C, Tranter M, Gunde-Cimerman N (2019a) Darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: fungal abundance and diversity are associated with algal bloom. Front Microbiol 10:557. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00557
Perini L, Gostinčar C, Gunde-Cimerman N (2019b) Fungal and bacterial diversity of Svalbard subglacial ice. Sci Rep 9:20230. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56290-5
Pernice M, Raina J-B, Rädecker N, Cárdenas A, Pogoreutz C, Voolstra CR (2019) Down to the bone: the role of overlooked endolithic microbiomes in reef coral health. ISME J 14:325–334. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0548-z
Phitsuwan P, Laohakunjit N, Kerdchoechuen O, Kyu KL, Ratanakhanokchai K (2012) Present and potential applications of cellulases in agriculture, biotechnology, and bioenergy. Folia Microbiol 58:163–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-012-0184-8
Polizeli MLTM, Rizzatti ACS, Monti R, Terenzi HF, Jorge JA, Amorim DS (2005) Xylanases from fungi: properties and industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 67:577–591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-1904-7
Poniecka EA, Bagshaw EA, Sass H, Segar A, Webster G, Williamson C, Anesio AM, Tranter M (2020) Physiological capabilities of Cryoconite hole microorganisms. Front Microbiol 11:1783. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01783
Poveda G, Gil-Durán C, Vaca I, Levicán G, Chávez R (2018) Cold-active pectinolytic activity produced by filamentous fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges. Biol Res 51:28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-018-0177-4
Rahman AT, Arai T, Yamauchi A, Miura A, Kondo H, Ohyama Y, Tsuda S (2019) Ice recrystallization is strongly inhibited when antifreeze proteins bind to multiple ice planes. Sci Rep 9:2212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36546-2
Rämä T, Davey ML, Nordén J, Halvorsen R, Blaalid R, Mathiassen GH, Alsos IG, Kauserud H (2016) Fungi sailing the Arctic Ocean: speciose communities in North Atlantic driftwood as revealed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Microb Ecol 72:295–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0778-9
Ramos P, Rivas N, Pollmann S, Casati P, Molina-Montenegro MA (2018) Hormonal and physiological changes driven by fungal endophytes increase Antarctic plant performance under UV-B radiation. Fungal Ecol 34:76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2018.05.006
Ranganathan A, Smith OP, Youssef NH, Struchtemeyer CG, Atiyeh HK, Elshahed MS (2017) Utilizing anaerobic fungi for two-stage sugar extraction and biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Front Microbiol 8:635. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00635
Rangaswami G, Venkatesan R (1961) Two fungi causing spoilage of refrigerated poultry meat. Curr Sci 30(2):64–65
Rao MPN, Xiao M, Li W-J (2017) Fungal and bacterial pigments: secondary metabolites with wide applications. Front Microbiol 8:1113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01113
Raymond-Bouchard I, Tremblay J, Altshuler I, Greer CW, Whyte LG (2018) Comparative transcriptomics of cold growth and adaptive features of a Eury- and steno-Psychrophile. Front Microbiol 9:1565. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01565
Richards TA, Jones MDM, Leonard G, Bass D (2012) Marine fungi: their ecology and molecular diversity. Ann Rev Mar Sci 4:495–522. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100802
Rinu K, Pandey A (2010) Slow and steady phosphate solubilization by a psychrotolerant strain of Paecilomyces hepiali (MTCC 9621). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27:1055–1062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0550-0
Ríos A, Wierzchos J, Sancho LG, Ascaso C (2004) Exploring the physiological state of continental Antarctic endolithic microorganisms by microscopy. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 50:143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.06.010
Robinson CH (2001) Cold adaptation in Arctic and Antarctic fungi. New Phytol 151:341–353. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00177.x
Rodrigues ML (2016) Funding and innovation in diseases of neglected populations: the paradox of Cryptococcal meningitis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10:e0004429. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004429
Rosa LH, de Sousa JRP, de Menezes GCA, da Costa CL, Carvalho-Silva M, Convey P, Câmara PEAS (2020) Opportunistic fungi found in fairy rings are present on different moss species in the Antarctic peninsula. Polar Biol 43:587–596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02663-w
Ruisi S, Barreca D, Selbmann L, Zucconi L, Onofri S (2006) Fungi in Antarctica. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 6:127–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-006-9107-y
Sajjad W, Din G, Rafiq M, Iqbal A, Khan S, Zada S, Ali B, Kang S (2020) Pigment production by cold-adapted bacteria and fungi: colorful tale of cryosphere with wide range applications. Extremophiles 24:447–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-020-01180-2
Salar RK, Aneja KR (2007) Thermophilic fungi: taxonomy and biogeography. J Agri Tech 3(1):77–107.
Santiago IF, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2016a) Endophytic symbiont yeasts associated with the Antarctic angiosperms Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis. Polar Biol 40:177–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1940-z
Santiago IF, Soares MA, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2015) Lichensphere: a protected natural microhabitat of the non-lichenised fungal communities living in extreme environments of Antarctica. Extremophiles 19:1087–1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-015-0781-y
Santiago M, Ramírez-Sarmiento CA, Zamora RA, Parra LP (2016b) Discovery, molecular mechanisms, and industrial applications of cold-active enzymes. Front Microbiol 7:1–32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01408
Sarmiento F, Peralta R, Blamey JM (2015) Cold and hot Extremozymes: industrial relevance and current trends. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 3:148. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00148
Satapathy S, Rout JR, Kerry RG, Thatoi H, Sahoo SL (2020) Biochemical prospects of various microbial pectinase and pectin: an approachable concept in pharmaceutical bioprocessing. Front Nutr 7:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00117
Selbmann L, de Hoog GS, Mazzaglia A, Friedmann EI, Onofri S (2005) Fungi at the edge of life: cryptoendolithic black fungi from Antarctic deserts. Stud Mycol 51:1–32
Selbmann L, Onofri S, Coleine C, Buzzini P, Canini F, Zucconi L (2017) Effect of environmental parameters on biodiversity of the fungal component in lithic Antarctic communities. Extremophiles 21:1069–1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-017-0967-6
Semenova TA, Morgado LN, Welker JM, Walker MD, Smets E, Geml J (2016) Compositional and functional shifts in arctic fungal communities in response to experimentally increased snow depth. Soil Biol Biochem 100:201–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.06.001
Sharma N, Rathore M, Sharma M (2012) Microbial pectinase: sources, characterization and applications. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12:45–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-012-9276-9
Siddiqui KS (2015) Some like it hot, some like it cold: temperature dependent biotechnological applications and improvements in extremophilic enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 33:1912–1922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.001
Singh P, Roy U, Tsuji M (2016) Characterisation of yeast and filamentous fungi from Brøggerbreen glaciers, Svalbard. Polar Record 52:442–449. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0032247416000085
Singh P, Singh SM (2011) Characterization of yeast and filamentous fungi isolated from cryoconite holes of Svalbard, Arctic. Polar Biol 35:575–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1103-1
Skidmore ML, Foght JM, Sharp MJ (2000) Microbial life beneath a high Arctic glacier. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:3214–3220. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.8.3214-3220.2000
Sonjak S, Frisvad JC, Gunde-Cimerman N (2006) Penicillium Mycobiota in Arctic subglacial ice. Microb Ecol 52:207–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9086-0
Srilakshmi J, Madhavi J, Lavanya S, Ammani K (2015) Commercial potential of fungal protease: past, present and future prospects. J Pharmaceut Chem Biol Sci 2:218–234
Tahir L, Ishtiaq Ali M, Zia M, Atiq N, Hasan F, Ahmed S (2013) Production and characterization of esterase in Lantinus tigrinus for degradation of polystyrene. Pol J Microbiol 62:101–108. https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2013-015
Tapia-Vázquez I, Sánchez-Cruz R, Arroyo-Domínguez M, Lira-Ruan V, Sánchez-Reyes A, del Rayo S-CM, Padilla-Chacón D, Batista-García RA, Folch-Mallol JL (2020) Isolation and characterization of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant plant-growth promoting microorganisms from a high-altitude volcano crater in Mexico. Microbiol Res 232:126394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2019.126394
Timling I, Dahlberg A, Walker DA, Gardes M, Charcosset JY, Welker JM, Taylor DL (2012) Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the north American Arctic. Ecosphere 3:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1890/es12-00217.1
Timling I, Taylor DL (2012) Peeking through a frosty window: molecular insights into the ecology of Arctic soil fungi. Fungal Ecol 5:419–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2012.01.009
Troncoso E, Barahona S, Carrasco M, Villarreal P, Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M (2016) Identification and characterization of yeasts isolated from the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic peninsula. Polar Biol 40:649–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1988-9
Tsuji M (2016) Cold-stress responses in the Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis. R Soc Open Sci 3:160106. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160106
Tsuji M, Fujiu S, Xiao N, Hanada Y, Kudoh S, Kondo H, Tsuda S, Hoshino T (2013) Cold adaptation of fungi obtained from soil and lake sediment in the Skarvsnes ice-free area, Antarctica. FEMS Microbiol Lett 346:121–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12217
Tsuji M, Tanabe Y, Vincent WF, Uchida M (2018) Mrakia arctica sp. nov., a new psychrophilic yeast isolated from an ice island in the Canadian high Arctic. Mycoscience 59:54–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2017.08.006
Tsuji M, Tanabe Y, Vincent WF, Uchida M (2019) Mrakia hoshinonis sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic yeast isolated from a retreating glacier on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian high Arctic. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 69:944–948. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003216
Tuli HS, Chaudhary P, Beniwal V, Sharma AK (2014) Microbial pigments as natural color sources: current trends and future perspectives. J Food Sci Technol 52:4669–4678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1601-6
Turk M, Abramoviä Z, Plemenitaä A, Gunde-Cimerman N (2007) Salt stress and plasma-membrane fluidity in selected extremophilic yeasts and yeast-like fungi. FEMS Yeast Res 7:550–557. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00209.x
Urbanek AK, Strzelecki MC, Mirończuk AM (2021) The potential of cold-adapted microorganisms for biodegradation of bioplastics. Waste Manag 119:72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.031
van Dorst J, Wilkins D, King CK, Spedding T, Hince G, Zhang E, Crane S, Ferrari B (2020) Applying microbial indicators of hydrocarbon toxicity to contaminated sites undergoing bioremediation on subantarctic Macquarie Island. Environ Pollut 259:113780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113780
Vaz ABM, Rosa LH, Vieira MLA, de Garcia V, Brandão LR, Teixeira LCRS, Moliné M, Libkind D, van Broock M, Rosa CA (2011) The diversity, extracellular enzymatic activities and photoprotective compounds of yeasts isolated in Antarctica. Braz J Microbiol 42:937–947. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822011000300012
Veliz E, Martínez-Hidalgo P, Hirsch A (2017) Chitinase-producing bacteria and their role in biocontrol. AIMS Microbiol 3:689–705. https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.689
Venil CK, Velmurugan P, Dufossé L, Renuka Devi P, Veera Ravi A (2020) Fungal pigments: potential coloring compounds for wide ranging applications in textile dyeing. JoF 6:68. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6020068
Vero S, Garmendia G, González MB, Bentancur O, Wisniewski M (2012) Evaluation of yeasts obtained from Antarctic soil samples as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases of apple (malus × domestica). FEMS Yeast Res 13:189–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/1567-1364.12021
Vester JK, Glaring MA, Stougaard P (2014) Improved cultivation and metagenomics as new tools for bioprospecting in cold environments. Extremophiles 19:17–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-014-0704-3
Villarreal P, Carrasco M, Barahona S, Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M (2018) Antarctic yeasts: analysis of their freeze-thaw tolerance and production of antifreeze proteins, fatty acids and ergosterol. BMC Microbiol 18:66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1214-8
Walia A, Guleria S, Mehta P, Chauhan A, Parkash J (2017) Microbial xylanases and their industrial application in pulp and paper biobleaching: a review. 3 Biotech 7:11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0584-6
Walker DA, Raynolds MK, Daniëls FJA, Einarsson E, Elvebakk A, Gould WA, Katenin AE, Kholod SS, Markon CJ, Melnikov ES, Moskalenko NG, Talbot SS, Yurtsev BA, CAVM Team (2005) The circumpolar Arctic vegetation map. J Veg Sci 16:267–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02365.x
Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Zhang G (2015a) Cold-adapted bacteria for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 91:2286–2297. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4814
Wang M, Tian J, Xiang M, Liu X (2017) Living strategy of cold-adapted fungi with the reference to several representative species. Mycology 8:178–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2017.1370429
Wang Y-T, Xue Y-R, Liu C-H (2015b) A brief review of bioactive metabolites derived from Deep-Sea fungi. Mar Drugs 13:4594–4616. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13084594
Watanabe T, Suzuki K, Sato I, Morita T, Koike H, Shinozaki Y, Ueda H, Koitabashi M, Kitamoto HK (2015) Simultaneous bioethanol distillery wastewater treatment and xylanase production by the phyllosphere yeast Pseudozyma Antarctica GB-4(0). AMB Expr 5:36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-015-0121-8
Wentzel LCP, Inforsato FJ, Montoya QV, Rossin BG, Nascimento NR, Rodrigues A, Sette LD (2018) Fungi from Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) soils and marine sediments. Microb Ecol 77:12–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1217-x
Wu D-L, Li H-J, Smith D, Jaratsittisin J, Xia-Ke-Er X-F-K-T, Ma W-Z, Guo Y-W, Dong J, Shen J, Yang D-P, Lan W-J (2018) Polyketides and alkaloids from the marine-derived fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1 and the antiviral activity of Scequinadoline a against dengue virus. Mar Drugs 16:229. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16070229
Xiao N, Suzuki K, Nishimiya Y, Kondo H, Miura A, Tsuda S, Hoshino T (2009) Comparison of functional properties of two fungal antifreeze proteins from Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus and Typhula ishikariensis. FEBS J 277:394–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07490.x
Yu NH, Park S-Y, Kim JA, Park C-H, Jeong M-H, Oh S-O, Hong SG, Talavera M, Divakar PK, Hur J-S (2018) Endophytic and endolichenic fungal diversity in maritime Antarctica based on cultured material and their evolutionary position among Dikarya. Fungal System Evol 2:263–272. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.02.07
Zain ul Arifeen M, Ma Y-N, Xue Y-R, Liu C-H (2019) Deep-Sea fungi could be the new arsenal for bioactive molecules. Mar Drugs 18:9. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18010009
Zhang T, Fei Wang N, Qin Zhang Y, Yu Liu H, Yan Yu L (2015) Diversity and distribution of fungal communities in the marine sediments of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (high Arctic). Sci Rep 5:14524. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14524
Zhang T, Wang N-F, Liu H-Y, Zhang Y-Q, Yu L-Y (2016) Soil pH is a key determinant of soil fungal community composition in the Ny-Ålesund region, Svalbard (high Arctic). Front Microbiol 7:227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00227
Zhang T, Yao Y-F (2015) Endophytic fungal communities associated with vascular plants in the high Arctic zone are highly diverse and host-plant specific. PLoS One 10:e0130051. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130051
Zucconi L, Canini F, Temporiti ME, Tosi S (2020) Extracellular enzymes and bioactive compounds from Antarctic terrestrial fungi for bioprospecting. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:6459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186459
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Suresh, A.J., Dass, R.S. (2022). Cold-Adapted Fungi: Evaluation and Comparison of Their Habitats, Molecular Adaptations and Industrial Applications. In: Goel, R., Soni, R., Suyal, D.C., Khan, M. (eds) Survival Strategies in Cold-adapted Microorganisms. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2625-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2625-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-2624-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-2625-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)