Abstract
Fungi constitute an important group of organisms that possess beneficial as well as negative traits against plants and animals. Association of fungi with plants is mostly saprotrophic and involves in decomposition. However, a multitude of fungal species are widely recognized as plant pathogens owing to many diseases in crops like potato, paddy, wheat, maize, pulses, oil-yielding plants, floricultural crops, horticultural crops, plantation crops, and so on. Over 70% percent of plant disease is due to fungal pathogens, and they are usually parasitic and exhibit disease symptoms. Biotrophic fungal pathogens exhibit long-term establishment by obtaining nutrients from live host tissues via specialized cells “haustoria” that develop inside the host. Necrotrophic pathogens fetch nutrients from the dead host tissues by killing the tissues with toxins or enzymes, whereas biotrophs have a narrow host range. However, necrotrophs are generalists with a wide host range or specialized with a narrow host range for their survival. Recent advances in molecular biology and sequencing platforms enable the exploration of diverse plant pathogenic fungi associated with crop plants. This chapter intends to summarize the diversity of plant pathogenic fungi on selected agriculturally important crops. It includes the detailed comprehension of plant disease concepts, classification of plant pathogenic fungi based on their lifestyle, fungal diseases of historical records, major fungal diseases of crop plants (rice, maize, and vegetables), and global perspectives of major pathogenic genera.
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Acknowledgments
The first author (SM) is grateful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, New Delhi, for the award of Research Associate Fellowship and also acknowledges the support and encouragement by the Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore.
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Mahadevakumar, S., Sridhar, K.R. (2021). Diversity of Pathogenic Fungi in Agricultural Crops. In: Dubey, S.K., Verma, S.K. (eds) Plant, Soil and Microbes in Tropical Ecosystems. Rhizosphere Biology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3364-5_6
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