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Remarks on karyological differentiation patterns in tropical woody plants

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Abstract

New karyological data are reported ofMagnoliidae, Violales, Malvales and some other orders. These data include for 102 species from 51 genera and 18 families chromosome counts, karyotypes, interphase nuclear structures and banding patterns. Karyomorphology suggests a new systematic arrangement for theLaurales (Fig. 11), a new circumscription of theCymbopetalum tribe (Annonaceae), and a placement of theCochlospermaceae/Bixaceae in theViolales. ForAnnonaceae andMagnoliidae x = 8 is proposed as the original base number. A model based on extant chromosome numbers inAnnonaceae and combining short dysploid series and polyploidization can explain most of the existing numbers in this family and in the otherMagnoliidae (Fig. 16). Special attention is drawn to the role of triploids and other anorthoploids in chromosome number diversification (e.g., inAnnonaceae, Apocynaceae, Proteaceae). Identical polyploid numbers are shown to have originated from different base numbers. The highest chromosome number forMagnoliidae is found inMyristicaceae (Osteophloeum: 2n = 280). Polyploid relic genera frequently exhibit highly differentiated and “diploidized” karyotypes with many structural rearrangements. The step diploid polyploid is correlated in several genera with the invasion from humid to more extreme, often xeric habitats. Polyploidy serves as a crossing barrier in related syntopic species. InAnnonaceae, Cochlospermaceae andMyristicaceae neotropical taxa have a higher polyploidization rate than palaeotropical ones. — Subsequential fluorochrome-and Giemsa C-banding demonstrates the following pattern for tropical woody plants: Chromosomes mostly have neutral (neither AT- nor GC-rich) proximal heterochromatin (= hc), intercalarly and/or terminal bands are rare. In some cases great variation occurs in regard to location and composition of bands between the investigated taxa. Differences concern genera, species groups or species. Diploid karyotypes tend to contain less different hc-types than polyploid ones. NO-chromosomes also exhibit a remarkable banding pattern differentiation. In general, hc-variation is greater in respect to composition than to distribution.

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    Wilfried Morawetz

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Morawetz, W. Remarks on karyological differentiation patterns in tropical woody plants. Pl Syst Evol 152, 49–100 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00985351

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