Hypocrea Fr., Systema Orbis Vegetabiles, 104, 1825 1833. Creopus Link, Handbuch zur Erkennung der Gewachse 3, 349. 1910. Chromocrea Seaver. Mycologia, 2, 58. 1937. Protocrea Petch, J of Bot., 75, 219. Hypocrea atro-gelatinosa sp. nov. Stroma pulvinatum 0.25-0.5 mm. 0.25 mm crassum, gregarium saepe confluens, cremeum sed maturitate brunneo-vinosum, tuberculatum, peritheciis in superficie immersis, marginibus tenuibus recurvis sed liberis. Stroma pseudo-parenchymatum, cellulis exterioribus 4-6μ, tinctis et densatis, interioribus 10-15 × 10μ, hyalinis, parietibus tenuibus. Perithecia ovalia 0.1-0.15 × 0.2-0.25 mm inaequaliter ordinata, bene compacta, ostiolo 40-50μ papillato. Asci cylindrici 75-100 × 4μ, 14-16 sporis divisis, paraphysibus evanescentibus. Sporae divisae, globosae, vel cuboides, 3.5-4.5μ ovales vel pyriformes. 4-6 × 3-3 5μ, olivaceae, crasse echinulatae. Stroma cream or ochraceous when young, becoming vinaceous brown or fuscous when mature, often tuberculate with superficially immersed perithecia, pulvinate, 0.25-0.5 mm diameter, 0.25 mm thick, scattered, sometimes gregarious, then confluent with one another, margins thin, recurved, free, stroma centrally attached, pseudoparenchymatous, outer cells small, 4-6μ, pigmented and thickened, inner cells 10-15 × 10μ hyaline, thin walled. Perithecia oval, 0.1-0.15 × 0.2-0.25 mm irregularly arranged but closely compacted in a superficial zone of the stroma, perithecial wall 7-12μ, pigmented, ostiole 40-50μ papillate. Asci

cylindrical 75-100 × 4μ with 14-16 part-spores, pseudoparaphyses evanescent. Part-spores globose or cuboid, 3 5-4μ, oval or pyriform then 4-6 × 3-3 5μ, olivaceous, coarsely echinulate. Type collection; Auckland, Hunua Ra., Otau, April, 1950, J. M. D. (10471). A collection listed as H. jecorina Berk. & Br. (Dingley, 1952a) is included under this species. It is similar to both H. rufa (Tode ex Fr.) Fr. and to H. gelatinosa (Tode ex Fr) Fr. differing from the former in that spores are pigmented and from the latter in that the outer layer of the pseudoparenchymatous tissue is pigmented. It seems possible from descriptions that H. atrogelatinosa may be a synonym of H. stereorum Berk. & Curt., but Seaver (1910) included the latter as a synonym of H. rufa. Unfortunately type material has not been examined. Hypocrea berggreni Cke. Grev. 8, 65. 1879 = Aleurodiscus berggreni (Cke.) G. H. Cunn. Hypocrea Carnea Berk. & Curt. Though recorded by Colenso (1893) no material has been found to check its identity. It is presumed that Colenso was referring to H. carnea Kalchbr. & Cke, Grev., 9, 26, 1880. Hypocrea cerebriformis Berk, J. Linn Soc. 13, 177, 1872. 1875. H. jecorina Berk. & Br., J. Linn. Soc, 14, 112. Two collections are filed in Kew Herbarium as “Australia, Guilfoyle, ex Herb. Berkeley 1879.” The type material of H. jecorina is identical with these collections, one of which must be the type. The collection listed by Dingley (1952b) as H. jecorina is H. atrogelatinosa and up to the present H. cerebriformis is not recorded from New Zealand. Hypocrea citrina (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr., Summa Veg. Scand, 383, 1849. (1796 Sphaeria citrina Pers., Obs Myc., 68.) 1822. Sphaeria citrina Pers. ex Fr., Syst. Myc., 2. 337. 1870. Hypocrea pulvinata Fcl., Symb. Myc., 185. 1873. H. citrina var fungicola Karst., Myc. Fenn., 2 204. 1883 H. karsteniana Niessl ex Rehm, Hedwigia, 22 53. 1883. H. fungicola (Karst.) Sacc., Syll. Fung., 2, 528. Confusion exists in literature as to the identity of H. citrina. Examination of authentic material has proved it to be identical to the latter named H. pulvinata Fcl. Collections listed by Dingley (1952a) as H. pulvinata are of H. citrina while those previously listed as H. citrina are now found to be of H. sulphurea (Schw) Sacc. New Zealand and Australian collections filed at Kew under H. citrina are “Colenso. 898”, “J. D. Hooker. New Zealand”; “W. Archer, Tasmania”; “Martin, 1038, Kurramburra, Victoria”, all are collections of H. sulphurea. Hypocrea colensoi Lloyd, Mycological Notes, No. 71, 7, 1258, 1924. The type of Lloyd's species is filed in Kew herbarium under H. saccharina Berk. & Curt. (Colenso b. 982). Lloyd noted that the species was similar to H. rufa in colour and spore size, but that the stroma was larger and differently attached The type collection now consists of a few immature stromata which suggest H. semiorbis Berk. Collections recorded under H. colensoi by Dingley (1952a) are misdeterminations of a species described herein as H. eqmontensis. Hypocrea coprosma Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 79, 328. 1952.

Hypocrea egmontensis sp. nov. Stroma discoidale interdum pulvinatum 2 5-7 mm diam., 1-2 mm crassum, sparsum vel caespitosum, ochraceum, punctatum, ostiole fusco, marginibus liberis, undulatis sed densatis, pseudoparenchymatum cellulis exterioribus compactis 5-10μ diam leviter tinctis, interioribus hyalinis laxe aggregatis 5-7 5μ diam., parietibus tenuibus. Perithecia ovalia interdum globosa 0.5 × 0.2-0.5 mm pariete 5-10μ crasso, ostiolo 50-70μ papillato. Asci cylindrici 60-120μ × 4μ, 16 sports divisis paraphysibus evanescentibus. Sporae divisae globosae vel cuboides 3. 5-4μ, vel ovales 5-5.5 × 3. 5-4μ hyalinae, parietibus tenuibus, echinulatae. Stroma discoidal, sometimes pulvinate 2. 5-7 mm diameter, 1-2 mm thick, scattered or caespitose, ochraceous, punctate with dark ostioles, margins free often undulate, thickened Stroma pseudoparenchymatous outer tissue hyaline, loosely aggregated 5-7 5μ diameter, thin walled Perithecia oval sometimes globose 0.5 × 0.2-0.5 mm crowded in a superficial pigmented zone, ostiole 50-70μ, papillate; perithecial wall 5-10μ thick, pigmented yellow. Asci cylindrical 60-100μ × 4μ, 16 part-spores uniseriately arranged. Part-spores globose or cuboid, 3. 5-4μ, or oval 5-5.5 × 3 5-4μ, hyaline, thin walled, echinulate. Type collection; Taranaki, Mt. Egmont, April, 1946, J. M. D.(6272). Under this species are included those collections misdetermined as H. colensoii by Dingley (1952a). This large fleshy species differs from most Hypocreas in that the thickened margins of this stroma are free, undulate and usually without imbedded perithecia Unlike those of H. schweinitzii (Fr.) Sacc. and H. cerebriformis Berk. & Br. spores are hyaline. Hypocrea farinosa Berk. & Br., Annals and Magazine of Natural History II, 7, 186, 1851. Collections listed by Dingley (1952a) under H. farinosa are misdeterminations of H. nebulosa Massee. The species is present in New Zealand nevertheless, since one collection which agrees with authentic material of H. farinosa has recently been collected from Waipoua, North Auckland. Hypocrea gelatinosa (Tode ex Fr.) Fr. Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae 383, 1849. (1791 Sphaeria gelatinosa Tode, Fung. Meckl., 2, 48.) 1822 Sphaeria gelatinosa Tode ex Fr, Syst. Myc. 2, 330. 1875 Hypocrea chlorospora Berk. & Curt., Grev, 4, 14. 1883 Creopus gelatinosa (Tode) Link. Handb Erkennung der Gewachse 3 349. 1888 Hypocrea moriformis Cke. & Mass, Grev. 17. 3. 1910 Chromocrea gelatinosa (Tode) Seaver. Mycologia 2 58. New Zealand collections agree with authentic material in Kew herbarium. One specimen from New Zealand, “3669, Colenso, Nz.”, filed under this species at Kew proved to be an immature collection of Nectria otagensis Hypocrea jecorina Berk. & Br., J. Linn Soc, 14, 112, 1875 = H. cerebriformis Berk. The type collection from Ceylon in Kew herbarium matches earlier collections from Queensland described as H. cerebriformis, consequently H. jecorina has been treated as a svnonym. Dingley (1952a) listed one collection from New Zealand; this is not the same as the Australian species, but on re-examination was found to be distinct and has been described as H. atro-gelatinosa.

Hypocrea hunua Dingley, Trans. Roy Soc. N.Z, 79, 327, 1952. Hypocrea macrospora Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 330, 1952. Hypocrea manuka Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 327, 1952. Hypocrea nebulosa Massee. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, 130, 1896. Collections recorded as H. farinosa by Dingley (1952a) are typical of this species. It differs from H. farinosa in that the subiculum is poorly developed, perithecia are more or less aggregated or scattered freely on the host surface, and spores and asci are smaller. The type collection from Tasmania in Kew herbarium, is labelled “on dead Polypore Rodway, 484”; a second labelled “Tasmania” is filed as Hypocrea tomentosa (Fr.) Berk. Hypocrea novae-zealandica Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. Nz., 79, 336, 1952 = H. sulphurella Kalchbr & Cke. Hypocrea Patella Cooke & Peck, 29th Report New York State Museum. 57, 1878. New Zealand collections listed by Dingley (1952a) are wrongly determined and are referred to H. semiorbis Berk. Hypocrea pulvinata Fel, Symb Myc. 185, 1870 = H. citrina (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. Hypocrea rufa (Pers ex Fr.) Fr Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae, 383, 1849. (1796. Sphaeria rufa Pers., Obs. Myc., 1. 20) 1822. Sphaeria rufa Pers. ex Fr., Syst. Myc., 2, 335. There are three collections from New Zealand and Australia filed under this cover in Kew herbarium, but only one is typical of H. rufa. “Colenso, c1181, N.Z.” = H. semiorbis Berk.; “Archer, Tasmania” = H. vinosa Cke.; “Tasmania” = H. rufa (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. Hypocrea Saccharina Berk. & Curt., J. Linn Soc., London, 10, 376, 1869. At Kew there are three collections from New Zealand under this cover, all being immature; one (“Colenso, b 982”) is the type of H. colensoi Lloyd. Hypocrea schweinitzii (Fr.) Sacc., Syll. Fung., 2, 522, 1883. 1828. Sphaeria schweinitzii Fr., Elenchus Fungorum, 2, 60. 1828. Sphaeria rigens Fr., Elenchus Fungorum, 2, 61. 1832. Sphaeria contorta Schw, Trans. Amer Phil. Soc. 2 194. 1875. Hypocrea contorta (Schw) Berk. & Curt. Grev. 4, 14. 1878. H. rigens (Fr.) Sacc., Michelia, 1, 301. H. lenta sensu Schw. non Sphaeria lenta Tode. Hypocrea semiorbis Berkeley in Hooker's Flora Tasmania, 2, 278, 1860. 1840. Sphaeria semorbis Berkeley, J of Botany 2 146. In Kew herbarium there is a collection from Tasmania which is presumably the type collection. Stromata are discoidal, 2-3 mm in diameter, umber or ochraceous, centrally attached to the substrate but margins are free. The stroma is not more than 0.3 mm thick, pseudoparenchymatous, with cells 10-15μ in diameter, hyaline except in the outer layers where the whole cell contents appear to be pigmented Perithecia are arranged in a superficial zone of the stroma, globose. 150μ diameter; perithecial walls are up to 10μ thick, but cells are usually less than 5μ in diameter Asci are cylindrical and spores are mostly immature The stromal characters appear sufficiently distinct to separate the species though it differs from those of H. patella in which perithecia are imbedded in loosely woven prosenchyma.

New Zealand collections listed as H. patella by Dingley (1952a) should be referred to as H. semiorbis Hypocrea sulphurea (Schw.) Sacc, Syll. Fung, 2, 535, 1883. 1832 Sphaeria sulphurea Schw, Trans. Amer Phil. Soc. 2, 193. 1880 Hypocrea sub-citiina Kalchbi & Cke, Grev., 9, 26. New Zealand collections referred to H. citrina by Dingley (1952a) belong to this species Spores are slightly larger than in North American material, but this character does not appear to be a consistent one. Similar variation in spore size was found in H. sub-citrina, but as there were no other morphological differences the species is regarded as a synonym. Hypocrea sulphurella Kalchbr & Cke, Grev., 9, 26, 1880. 1952 Hypocrea noiae-zealandica Dingley. Trans. Roy. Soc. Nz 79. 336. Examination of the type collection of H. sulphurella in Kew herbarium has shown H. novae-zealandica to be the same. Colenso(1893) listed H. sulphurella from New Zealand, but no material can be found to check his record. Hypocrea tawa Dingley. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z, 79, 335, 1952. Hypocrea Tomentosa ? Fr ex Berkeley. Hooker's Flora Tasmaniae, 2.278, 1860. 1875 Hypomyces tomentosus ? Fr ex Berkeley. Grev., 4, 15. There are two collections from Tasmania in Kew herbarium filed under this species. One “ex Rodway, 484” is typical H. nebulosa whilst the other “ex Tasmania, Archer, 6189” should be referred to Hypomyces novae-zealandiae Berkeley (1860) indicates that the combination Hypocrea tomentosa was used by Fries in manuscript but no specimens nor records have been found to substantiate Fries' species. Berkeley & Broome (1875) also records the species from America as Hypomyces tomentosus Since this name appears to be a nomen ambigium, the New Zealand species remains as H. novae-zealandiae Hypocrea toro Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 329, 1952. Hypocrea vinosa Cooke., Grev, 8, 65, 1879. The type collection in Kew herbarium is labelled “Waitaki, N.Z.”; a second collection “Archer, Tasmania” is filed under H. rufa. Hypomyces Tulasne, Annales des Sciences Naturelles, IV., 13, 11, 1860. 1900. Clintoniella (Sacc.) Rehm, Hedwigia, 39. 223 (in part). 1920. Apiocrea Sydow, Ann. Mye., 18. 186. Hypomyces armeniacus Tul., L. R. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, IV 13, 12, 1860. 1838. Verticillium agaricinium Corda. Icon Fung 2, 15. 1865. Hypomyces ochraceus (Pers.) Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp., 61. (1801. non Sphaeria ochraceus Pers. Syn Meth. Fung., 18.) 1878. Hypocrea apiculatus Peck, 29th Report New York State Museum., 75. 1880. Hypomyces terrestris Plowr. & Boud, Grev., 8, 105. 1910. Hypomyces apiculatus (Peck) Seaver, Mycologia. 2, 73. Hypomyces aurantius(Pers.) Tul., Sel. Fung. Carp. 3, 48, 1865. (1801. Sphaeria aurantia Pers, Syn. Method, Fung., 18) 1823 Sphaeria aurantia Pers. ex Fr. Syst. Mye., 2 440. 1849 Nectria aurantia Fr. Summa Veg. Seand, 388. 1886 Diplocladium penicillioides Sacc. Syll. Fung., 4. 177. New Zealand collections in Kew herbarium are— “244. N.Z, Rev. W. Colenso” (mycelium only), “b, 622, Colenso, received 1885” (immature perithecia only), “1077, Colenso,” “1187 Colenso”.

Hypomyces chrysospermus Tul., Annales des Sciences Naturelles, IV, 13, 16, 1860. (1791-1796. Mucor chrysospermum Bull. Hist. des Champ. de la France, 304) 1832. Sepedomium chrysospermum (Bull.) Link ex Fr Syst. Myc. 3. 438. 1920. Apiocrea chrysosperma (Tul.) Syd. Ann. Myc. 18, 186. There is no material from New Zealand in Kew herbarium, but there are two collections from Australia:—“on Boletus, Dandenong Ra. Victoria”, “Geographic Bay, West Australia, Irvine, 1889” Both collections show only immature perithecia but the characteristic large, yellow, spiny, chlamydospores are present, typical small conidia are borne on irregularly verticillately branched conidiophores. Cooke (1892) recorded Sepedonium chrysospermum Link from Victoria, Queensland, and West Australia. Hypomyces Fulgens (Fr.) Karsten, Myc. Fenn. 2, 207, 1873. One collection from New Zealand is filed in Kew, but Massee (1898) listed this record but noted that perithecial characters differed from those of Karsten's collection. Examination of Massee's material shows it to possess large spores and to be morphologically similar in other features to H. novae-zealandiae Hypomyces novae-zealandiae Dingley. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 79, 59, 1951. In Kew herbarium there are two collections from Tasmania, one filed as H. fulgens (Fr.) Karst., the other placed under Hypocrea tomentosa (Fr.) Berk. Both are on overmature fructifications of Polyporaceae and are typical of H. novae-zealandiae Hypomyces rosellus (Alb. & Schw.) Tulasne, Annales des Sciences Naturelles IV, 13, 12, 1860. (1791-1798. Mucor dendroides Bull, Hist de Champ. de la France, 564) 1832. Dactylium dendroides (Bull.) Fr., Syst. Myc., 3, 414. New Zealand material agrees with authentic collections at Kew. There is one collection from Australia in that herbarium labelled “ex Swan River, 185, Australia”. No perithecia are present on the reddish byssoid mass of mycelium, consequently it is impossible to identify the collection. There is no New Zealand material in Kew herbarium. Hypomyces Tomentosus (? Fr.) Berk, Grev., 4, 15. 1876. 1860 Hypocrea tomentosa (Fr.) Berk., Flora Tasmaniae, 2 278. Confusion exists as to the identity of this species. Seaver (1910) listed it as an imperfectly known species when discussing North American records. Two collections from New Zealand are filed in the cover at Kew; one matchedHypocrea nebulosa Mass., the other is typical of collections listed under Hypomyces novae-zealandiae. Megalonectria Speg. Ann. Soc. Cientif. Argentine. 12. 216. 1881. = Thyronectria Sacc. Megalonectria polytrichia (Schw.) Speg., Ann. Soc. Cient. Argent., 12, 216, 1881. = Thyronectria pseudotrichia (Schw.) Seeler. A collection in Kew herbarium filed under Megalonectria polytrichia “ex Brisbane, on dead Ficus pumilo. comm. F. M. Bailey, 1 7.15” is typical of Thyronectria pseudotrichia.

Megalonectria nigrescens (Kalchbr. & Cke.) Sacc., Syll. Fung, 2, 298, 1883. 1880 Sphaerostilbe nigrescens Kalchbr. & Cke Grev. 9 15. =Thyronectria pseudotrichia (Schw.) Sacc. There is a single collection in Kew herbarium filed under Sphaerostilbe nigrescens. Nectria Fries, Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae, 387, 1849. 1884. Dialonecta Cke, Grev., 12, 77-109. 1861. Sphaerostilbes Tul., Sel. Fung. Cap. 1, 130. 1884 Lasionectria Cke., Grev. 12. 112. 1900. Stilbocrea Pat, Bull. Soc. Myc. France. 16 186. 1909 Crconectria Seaver, Mycologia. 1, 183. 1911. Nectriopsis Mane, Ann Myc., 9. 323. Nectria Aemulans Rehm, Annales Mycologici 7 539. 1909. Collections listed under this species by Dingley (1951b) are misdeterminations. New Zealand collections have larger spores arranged biseriately in the ascus, and are referred herein to N. cyathea sp. nov. Nectria agaricicola Berkeley, Flora Tasmaniae, 2, 278, 1860. = Barya agaricicola(Berk.) Hoehnel (Clavicipitaceae) Nectria aurantiicola Berkeley & Broome, J. Linn. Soc., 14, 117, 1873. 1865. Sphaerostilbe coccophila Tul, Sel. Fung. Carp III, 97, quoad Rabenhorst's Fungi. Europaei Exsicc ed nov.ser. 2, no. 262, 269. 1901 non Nectria coccophila (Tul.) Nomura, Imp. Agric Exp Stat. Report. 18. 105. 1920. Sphaerostilbe aurantiicola (Berk. & Br) Petch, Ann. Perad 7. 119. 1921. Microcera aurantiicola Petch, Trans. Brit Myc. Soc. 7. 163. 1935. Nectria coccophila (Tul.) Wollenw. & Reinking, Die Fusarien, 34 (in part) 1943. N. ecoccophila Wollenw. Centralbl. Bact. Parasit. Infect., 106, 118 (in part). 1945 N. episphaeria f. coccophila Snyder & Hansen. Amer. J. Bot. 32 662 (in part) Nectria aureo-fulva Cke & Ellis, Grev. 7, 8, 1878. 1909. N. semenicola, Seaver, Mycologia, 21. 1926. N. ochroleuca (Schw) Berk. var. longispora Wollenw, Angew Bot. 8, 184. Some of the collections recorded by Dingley (1951b) under N. quisquilaris Cke are now referred to N. aureo-fulva since they agree with authentic material examined in Kew herbarium. Nectria Balsanae Speg. Annal Soc. Cientif., 16, 233, 1883. Collections listed by Dingley (1951b) are misdeterminations, and are now included under N. pulverulenta Nectria berkeleyana (Plowr & Cke) Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z, 79, 183, 1951. 1882. Hypomyces berkeleyanus Plowr. & Cke., Grev., 2, 48. 1911 Nectriopsis berkeleyanus (Plowr. & Cke) Maire Ann. Myc. 9, 323. 1937 Hyponectria berkeleyana (Plowr. & Cke) Petch J. of Bot., 75, 220. From the description of Hypomyces australiensis (Hoehnel, 1909), it appears to be another synonym of this species No authentic material has been examined. Nectria Byssiseda Rehin, Rabh-Pazschke. Fungi extra-eop No 4152. 1900. Further study of the collections recorded by Dingley (1951b) has shown them to be of N. ochroleuca (Schw) Berk. Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae, 383, 1849. (1790 Tubercularia ulgaris Tode. Fung Meckl. 1 18) 1823 Sphaeria cinnabarina Tode ex Fr Svst Mye 2 412. 1832 Tubercularia vulgaris (Tode) Fr Syst Myc., 3 464.

1907. Nectria purpurea. (L.) Wilson & Seaver, J of Mvcology 13, 51. 1909. Creonectria purpurea (L.) Seaver, Mycologia, 1. 184. 1918. N. fuscopurpurea Wakefield, Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 232. Nectria Coccinea (Pers.) Fr. Summa Veg. Seand., 388. 1849. Collections listed by Dingley (1951b) are misdeterminations which further study has shown to belong to N. zelandica Cke. In Kew herbarium there is one collection from New Zealand under the cover of N. coccinea.It is labelled “Dunedin, N.Z. 306, ex Herb. Cooke 1885” and is typical of N. punicea (K. & Schm) Fr. A second collection from Australia filed under the same cover and labelled “ex Queensland, B. von Mueller, 1880” appears to be of an undescribed species One other Australian collection labelled “495, Nectria coccinea Fr. var., Brisbane, Mrs. Campbell”, is a small-spored form of N. punicea Cooke (1892) recorded N. coccinea from New Zealand. Nectria coprosmae Dingley, Trans. Royal Soc. N.Z., 79, 200, 1951. Nectria cyathea sp. nov. Perithecia in subiculo tenui. effuso ad 20μ crasso sparsa globosa, 0.2-0.3 mm diam. salmonea, translucentia, laevia sed interdum pilosa; pariete psendoparenchymato 40μ crasso, cellulis 4-6 × 5-10μ. parietibus teuuibus leviter flavo tinctis, regione subhymenii tincta, diffluenti Asci clavati vel elliptici, parietibus tenibus 50.75 × 8 -10μ, 6 - 8 sporis, biseratis, pseudoparaphysibus diffluentibus Sporae uniseptatae, ellipticae vel fusiformes, apice truncato, 14-20 × 4-6μ, laeves, hyalinae. Perithecia scattered or gregarious on a thin effused, hyaline subiculum not more than 20μ thick; perithecia globose. pezizoid when dry, 0.2-0.3 mm diameter, salmon pink, translucent, smooth, sometimes hairy; perithecial wall pseudoparenchymatous 40μ thick, cells 4-6 × 5-10μ, thin walled, lightly pigmented, subhymenial layer pigmented but diffluent. Asci clavate or elliptical, thin walled 50-75 × 8-10μ, 6-8 spored, arranged biseriately in ascus, pseudoparaphyses diffluent. Spores uniseptate, elliptical, or fusiform, ends truncated, 14-20 × 4-6μ, walls smooth, hyaline. Type collection; on stipes of Cyathea medullaris Swartz, Auckland, Waitakere Ra., Anawhata Rd., April, 1948 (6201) When fresh, perithecia are translucent and hairy, with a papillate ostiole in external appearance they resemble those of N. suffulta Berk. & Curt, but spores are larger and arranged biseriately. Morphologically this species agrees with the description of N. leucotrichia Penz. & Sacc. which Weese (1914) treated as a synonym of N. suffulta. Unfortunately authentic material has not been available for study, consequently the New Zealand species is described as new. Nectria ditissima Tul., Select. Fung. Carp., 3, 72, 1865. In Kew herbarium two collections from New Zealand and Australia are filed under N. ditissima—namely, “1188 New Zealand”: “Moana Walcha. New England, Australia” Both are of N. punicea. In the literature there is confusion as to the identity of this species Seaver (1910) and Weese (1912) treats it as a synonym of N. coccinea (Pers.) Fr., Petch (1938) lists N. ditissima as a synonym of N. punicea (K. & Schm.) Fr Cooke (1892) recorded neither N. ditissima nor N. punicea from New Zealand but lists N. coccinea from Australia. It is possible that Cooke included under this record material filed under N. coccinea or N. ditissima. Kirk (1905)

recorded N. ditissima from New Zealand, this was a inisdetermination of N. galligena Bres. Nectria egmontensis n. sp. Perithecia gregaria in corona 4-10 in stromate pseudoparenchymato tenuiter formato, superficialis, globosa 03-04 mm diam., translucentia, salmonea, tuberculata, pariete 50-85μ, pseudoparenchymato, cellulis 10-15μ diam cuboidibus vel rectis angulis, parietibus hyalims, granulis tinctis immixtis; regio subhymenii ad 10μ lata, parietibus densatis et subtiliter tinctis Asci elliptici vel clavati 48-65 × 7-12μ 8 sporis, oblique uniseratis, in apice biseratis, pseudoparaphysibus diffluentibus Sporae uniseptatae. raro in septis constrictae, echinulatae 14-18 × 3-4μ. Status conidialis; conidiophora in stromate tuberculato satis compacta, verticillate rimosa Conidia catenulata ex sterigmatis terminalibus 10-17 × 2-2 5μ. Conidia 5-10 × 2-3 5μ hyaline, laevia. Perithecia gregarious in clusters of 4-10 on a poorly developed pseudoparenchymatous stroma, perithecia superficial, globose, 0.3 × 0.4 mm diamtranslucent, salmon coloured, tuberculate, perithecial walls 50-85μ, pseudoparenchymatous, cells 10-15μ diameter, cuboid or rectangular, cell walls hyaline, pigment granules present in and among cells, subhymenial layer up to 10μ wide. compacted, with thickened and lightly pigmented walls. Asci elliptical or clavate, 48-65 × 7-12μ, 8 spored, obliquely uniseriate, biseriate at apex. pseudoparaphyses diffluent Spores one septate, elliptical, rarely constricted at septa. 14-18 × 3-4μ walls echinulate, hyaline. Conidial stage, conidiophores more or less compacted to form a tuberculate stroma, verticillately branched. Conidia catenulated from terminal phialides, 10-17 × 2-2 5μ, conidia 5-10 × 3-5μ, hyaline, smooth. Dendrodochium sp. Type collection; on Pseudowintera colorata (Raoul) Dandy, Taranaki, Mt. Egmont, 4,000ft, March, 1951, J. M. D. (10906) In external appearance and in micro-features the species resembles N. subquaternata Berk. & Br, but spores are more or less ovate rather than fusiform Both species possess a Dendrodochium conidial stage A collection was recorded by Dingley (1951a) as N. quisquilaris. Nectria episphaeria (Tode) Fr., Summa Veg. Scand., 388, 1848. = N. sanguinea (Bolt.) Fr. In Kew herbarium there is a single collection from New Zealand, “Colenso, b 86 ex Cooke herbarium 1885”, which formed the basis for Colenso's record in 1886. A New Zealand collection differs from European material in that spores are tuberculate rather than echinulate and are pigmented when mature It is referred to N. vilior Starb. Nectria flammea (Tul.) Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 189, 1951 = Nectria laeticolor Berk. & Curt. On examination of authentic material, N. laeticolor Berk & Curt was found to be identical with N. flammea Collections listed under N. flammea by Dingley (1951b) are therefore referred to N. laeticolor Nectria fragilis Dingley. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 187, 1951. Nectria galligena Bresadola ex Strasser, Vert Zool Bot. Ges Wien, 51, 413, 1901.

Nectria grisea Dingley, Trans. Roy Soc. N.Z., 79, 180, 1951. = N. macrostoma Berk. & Curt. Nectria haematococca Berk. & Br., J. Linn. Soc, 14, 116, 1873. 1842. Fusisporium solani Mart., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss, Munchen, 20 (in part) 1883. Dialonectna haematococca (Berk. & Br) Cke., Grev. 12. 110. 1906. Nectria diversispoia Petch. Ann. Perad., 3, 4. 1915. Fusarium eumartii Carpenter, J. Agr. Res., 5. 204. 1926. Hypomyces haematococca (Berk. & Br.) Reinke & Wollenw., Angew Bot. 8, 191. 1931. Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. & Wollenw. var. eumartn (Carpenter) Wollenw., Zeitschr. fur Parasit. 3, 452. 1939. Nectria trachylina Sydow, Ann. Myc., 36. 299. Sydow described N. trachylina from material forwarded from New South Wales. Part of the co-type in the Herbarium, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew (I.M.I. 18375), proved on examination to match the type of N. haematococca. Nectria hauturu Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 185, 1951. = N. ralfsii Berk. & Br. Nectria illudens Berkeley, Hooker's Flora Novae-zealandiae, 2, 203, 1855. In Kew herbarium there are three collections of N. illudens, “Colenso. 4649, ex Cooke 1885”; “Colenso, 5708, ex Berkeley Herb. 1879”. Hoehnel (1912) likened this species to N. cinnabarina, but stated that its spore characters are typical of N. balsanae Speg. In structure, perithecia differs from those of N. cinnabarina, but both in this feature and spore characters agree with N. haematococca. Authentic material of N. balsanae has not been examined. Nectria inventa Pethybridge, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc, 6, 107, 1919. 1818. Sporotrichum latentium Ehrenb. Sylvae Myc. Berolinensis, 22. 1832. Botrytis lateritia (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Fr., Syst Mye. 3. 402. 1832 non Botrytis latcritia Schw. 1844. Verticillium lateritium (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Rabenhoist. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora. 1, 100. 1838. Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus Corda Icon. Fung., 2, 15. Pethybridge (1919) found the perfect stage of Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus and named it N. inventa. Hughes (1951) stated that A. cinnabarinus is synonymous with Verticillium lateritium. Hughes recorded the latter conidial stage from New Zealand from collections filed in the Herbarium Commonwealth Mycological Institute—ex Humulus lupulus, Nelson, N.Z., 12.1.49, K. M. Curtis” (I. M. I. 33780) “ex Soil, Palmerston North, 8. 1937, J. C. Neill”. (I M. I. 14114.) Under Verticillium lateritium Cooke (1892) recorded the species from Australia and in the Kew herbarium there is a collection labelled “ex Maize, Victoria, von Mueller, ex Herb. Cooke 1885”. Recent collections have shown the conidial stage to be common in New Zealand, but perithecia have not yet been found. Nectria kowhai sp. nov. Perithecia caespitosa in parvo pulvinato pseudoparenchymato stromate ad 2 mm diam. globosa, tuberculata 250-350μ diam., salmonea vel ochracea, ostiolo non papillato, pariete pseudoparenchymato, 40μ crasso, tuberculis 30-40μ cellulis hyalinis 10-15μ, granulis tinctis in cellulis et inter eas, regione sub-hymenii 20-25μ, parietibus cellularum leviter tinctis et densatis. Asci clavati 50-80μ × 6-12μ, 8 sporis biseratis vel oblique uniseratis Sporae uniseptatae, ellipticae vel ovales 12-20 × 5-6μ, hyalinae verrucosae, interdum in septis constrictae.

Status conidialis, conidiophora compacta in stromata pulvinato ad 2 mm diam verticillate rimosa. Conidia catenulate ex sterigmatis terminalibus 15-20 × 2-3μ. Conidia late elliptica, allantoidia 5-8.5 × 2-3 5μ laevia, hyalina. Perithecia caespitose on a small pulvinate pseudoparenchymatous stroma, up to 2 mm diameter. Perithecia globose, tuberculate, 250-350μ in diameter, salmon or ochraceous, ostiole not papillate, perithecial wall pseudoparenchymatous, 40μ thick, tubercles 30-40μ high cells hyaline, 10-15μ pigment granules present within the cells, subhymenial layer 20-25μ, walls pale salmon and thickened Asci clavate. 50-80 × 6-12μ, 8 spored, biseriate or obliquely uniseriate arranged in ascus. Spores one septate, elliptical or oval, 12-20 × 5-6μ. hyaline, verrucose, sometimes constricted at septa. Conidial stage; conidiophores more or less compacted to form a pulvinate stroma to 2 mm diam, verticillately branched Conidia broadly elliptical, but sometimes allantoid, 5-8.5 × 2-3 5μ, smooth hyaline. Type collection; on Edwardsia microphylla (Ait) Salisb, Auckland, Piha, Aug, 1953; (12800). The type collection was first included under N. quisquilaris Cke. but further collections have shown the species to differ in its tuberculate perithecia and verrucose spores, 12-20 × 5-6μ in size. Nectria laeticolor Berkeley & Curtis, J. Linn Soc, 10, 377, 1868. 1848 Microcera coccophila Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat. Hist. III, 10. 359. 1854. Atractium flammeum Berk. & Rav., Ann. Mag. Nat Hist II 461. 1856. Stilbium flammeum Tul., Ann Sci. Nat. IV 5 114. 1861. Sphaerostilbe flammea Tul., Sel. Carp. Fung. 1. 130. 1875. Nectria aqlaothele Berk & Curt., Grev., 45. 1876 Fusisporium coccinellum Kalchbr, Flora 59. 426. 1882. Nectria subcoccinea Sacc., & Ellis. Michelia 2 570. 1884 N. passenniana Cooke, Grev., 12, 81. 1943. N. ecoccophila Wollenw Central. Bakt Parsit. 106. 118 (in pait) 1951. N. flammea (Tul) Dingley. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z. 79 189. Collections listed by Dingley (1951b) as N. flammea match authentic material filed under N. laeticolor. At Kew no New Zealand collections are filed under N. laeticolor or Sphaerostilbe flammea but in the folder of Microcera coccophila Desm—the conidial stage of the species—there are three collections from New Zealand—“Colenso b 82, on bark of Alectryon excelsum”, “Colenso b 727”; “Colenso, b 919”. As Petch (1921) stated, these collections are typical of the conidial stage of this fungus An Australian collection filed in the same folder “ex Acacia. Grampians, Victoria”. is the conidial stage of Calonectria coccidophaya Petch. Nectria macrostoma Berk & Curt., J. Linn Soc., 10, 378, 1868. 1875. Sphaerostilbe variabilis Berk. & Br., J. Linn. Soc., 14. 114. 1875. Nectria dealbata Berk. & Br., J. Linn. Soc., 14. 117. 1880. Sphaerostilbe hypocieoidcs Kalchbr. & Cke. Grev 9. 26. 1890. Isaria agregata Cke. & Mass., Grev., 19. 48. 1891 Stilbium conallinum Cke & Mass, Grev., 19, 97. 1901 Stilbocrea dussir Pat, Bull. Soc. Myc. F. 16. 186. 1908 Sphaerostilbe intermedia Ferd & Winge. Bot. Tidsskrift. 29. 12. 1908. Sphaerostilbe henningsn Ferd. & Winge. Bot. Tisdsskrift. 29. 12. 1909. Stilbocrea macrostoma (Berk & Curt) Hoehnel, Sitz Ber Akad Wiss Wien. 118, 1185. 1910. Stilbocrea hypocreoides (Kalchbi. & Cke.) Seaver, Mycologia 2. 62. 1910 S. intermedia (Ferd. & Winge) Seaver. Mycologia. 2. 62.

1911. Sphaerostilbe placenta Theissen, Ann. Myc., 9, 55. 1951. Nectria grisea Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 79, 180. New Zealand collections agree with the type collection of N. macrostoma in Kew herbarium labelled “577 Wright, Cuba”. Authentic collections filed under N. dealbata (646, Ceylon, 1868), Sphaerostilbe variabilis (ex Herb. Cooke, Ceylon 645 not the packet labelled Hypocrea corticioides) have also proved on examination to be identical. The species is a common tropical one and exhibits a wide variety of macroscopic characters; sometimes perithecia are completely embedded in a loose cottony stroma, while in other collections they are more or less superficial, or scattered on a byssoid stroma. The Stilbium conidial stage is not always present. Berkeley & Broome (1875) in listing the fungi of Ceylon, twice described the species, once as N. dealbata and again as Sphaerostilbe variabilis. Hoehnel (1909) placed N. macrostoma under Stilbocrea, and after proposing the combination Stilbocrea macrostoma stated that it is synonymous with Stilbocrea dussii Pat. Under Isaria aggregata Cke. & Mass there is filed the type collection “on Mahoe bark, Mt. Egmont, T. Kirk”. The typical conidial form of this species is present on the bark and immature perithecia surround the base of the stalked conidial stroma. This is the only New Zealand collection of N. macrostoma at Kew. One collection from Australia “Victoria, 607” is filed as the type of Stilbium corallinum Cke. & Mass A second collection. “Brisbane, ex Bailey” is filed under Sphaerostilbe hypocreoides Kalchbr & Cooke. Nectria mammoidea Phil & Plowr., Grev, 3, 126, 1875. The collection listed by Dingley (1951b) is probably a large-spored form of N. punicea (K & Schw.) Fr. Nectria manuka Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z.79, 183, 1951. = N. peziza (Tode) Fr. Nectria ochroleuca (Schw.) Berk, Grev, 4,16, 1875. 1832 Sphaeria ochroleuca. Schw. Trans. Amer Phil Soc., II. 4. 204. 1878. Nectria depauperata Cke., Grev, 7. 50. 1888. N. pallidula Cooke, Grev, 17, 3. 1909. Creonectria ochroleuca (Schw.) Seaver, Mycologia. 191. Some collections included by Dingley (1951b) under this species are now placed under N. stenospora Berk. & Br.; those retained under N. ochroleuca possess smooth, hyaline spores arranged biseriately in the ascus In N. stenosporc echinulate spores are uniseriate. Nectria otagensis Currey ex Lindsay, Trans. Roy. Soc., Edinburgh, 24, 428, 1867. 1883 Calonectria otagensis (Lindsay) Sacc. Syll. Fung, 2, add 68. The species may be separated from N. macrostoma by its pigmented perithecial walls and larger spores. Part of the type collection is in the Kew herbarium “ex Herb. Dr. Lauder Lindsay, N. otagensis Curr., n. sp. on trunks of living tree, Green Island Bush, near Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, October, 1861.” Other collections filed at Kew are “b 202, Colenso, on rotten wood, Dec 1885”; “208, Colenso, Oct., 1861, Otago, N.Z.”, “b 257, Colenso, Oct., 1861, Otago, N.Z.”; “b 257, Colenso, on rotten wood”; “b 397 Colenso, on rotten branches, N.Z.”; “496, Colenso, N.Z.”, “611, Colenso, N.Z.”; “852, Colenso”, “963, Colenso, N.Z.”; “7. T. Kirk, Wairarapa, ex Cooke Herb”, “204 Stewart Island, T. Kirk”. All collections match the type. One collection under this cover labelled “commu. rec. M. J. Berkeley, F. R. S., June, 1889”, is of N. illudens: a second

“Otago, N. Z., Dr. Hector, Rec. 1868. ex Aristotelia” shows the conidial stage of N. zelandica Cke. Filed under Hypocrea gelatinosa “Colenso, 3669” is a further collection of N. otagensis Nectria peziza (Tode) Fr Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae 388, 1849. (1791 Sphaeira peziza Tode, Fung. Meckl. 2. 46.) 1823. Sphaeria peziza Tode ex Fr Syst Myc, 2. 452. 1884 Dialonectira peziza (Tode) Cke. Giev, 12. 110. 1951 Nectria manuka Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 79. 183. Examination of numerous specimens of N. peziza has shown that the differences in spore size upon which N. manuka was segregated are insufficient for specific differentiation. Nectria pinea Dingley Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 198, 1951. (1791 Sphaeira cucurbitula Tode, Fungi Meckl 2. 38) 1823 Sphaeira cucurbitula (Tode) Fr., Syst Myc. 2 415 (in part) 1849 Nectria cucurbitula (Tode ex Fr) Fr., Summa Veg. Scand., 388 (in part). 1909 Creonectria cucurbitula (Sacc.) Seavei, Mycologia. 1. 189. 1928 Cylindrocarpon cylindroides Wollenw var tenue Wollenw. Zeitschi f Parasit., 1, 153. No authentic material has been exammed, but throughout the literature the concept of N. cucurbitula has been a contused one. Fries' description (1823) suggests that he himself included under it at least two distinct species. In the folder at Kew herbarium, the collections “Fungi Rhenam, 983” and Rabenhorst's Fungi Europaei “4258” are characteristic of the concept of N. cucurbitula now included under N. pinea Dingley. Nectria plagianthi Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 186. 1951. Nectria polythalama Berkeley, Hooker's Flora Tasmaniae 2, 203, 1855. 1878 Colonectria polythalama (Berkelev) Sacc Michelia. 1 208. =Thyronectria pseudotrichia (Schw. ex Berk. & Curt) Seeler. Nectria pulverulenta sp. nov. Perithecia gregaria in stromate erumpenti prosenchymato ad 1 cm diam globosa vel ovalia 0.2-0.3 mm diam., tuberculata, rubra vel corallina, farinacea, pariete pseudoparenchymato 50μ crasso, cellulis ad 12μ diam parietibus tinctis et densatis Asci cylmdrici raro clavati, truncati 90-12μ × 10-12μ, 6-8 sporis. uniseratis, pseudoparaphysibus evanescentibus Sporae uniseptatae, ellipticae vel pyriformes, apicibus rotundis 16-24 × 6-10μ hyalinae vel subtiliter tinctis, striatae. Perithecia gregarious on an erumptent, prosenchymatous stroma, up to 1 cm diameter, perithecia globose or oval, 0.2-0.3 mm diameter, tuberculate, scarlet or coral coloured, farinaceous with crystals, perithecial wall pseudoparenchymatous, 50μ thick, cells up to 12μ diam walls pigmented and thickened. Asci cylindrical, rarely clavate, truncated, 90-120 × 10-12μ, 6-8 spored, uniseriate. sometimes biseriate at apex; pseudoparaphyses evanescent. Spores one septate, elliptical or pyriform, ends rounded. 16-24 × 6-10μ hyaline or lightly pigmented, striate. Type collection; on Hoheria populnea A Cunn. Auckland, Titirangi, March, 1947. J. M. D. (7465). Collections misdetermined as N. balsanae Speg. by Dingley (1951b) are included under this species.

Nectria punicea (Kunze & Schmidt) Fr., Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae, 387, 1849. (1817. Sphacria punicea Kunze & Schmidt, Myc. Heft., 1, 61) 1822. Sphaeria punicea (Kunze & Schmidt) Fl., Syst Myc. 2. 415. 1865. Nectria ditissima Tul., Select. Fung. Carp., 3. 72. Collections in Kew herbarium from New Zealand and Australia are— As N. ditissima “1182, New Zealand”; “Moana Walcha, New England, Australia, von Mueller, 1885”. As N. coccinea “306, Dunedin. N. Z.”; “485. N. coccinea Fr var, Brisbane. Mrs. Campbell”. New Zealand material agrees with authentic collections of this species, but differs in that spore measurements are variable and spores are obliquely uniseriate in the ascus. Nectria quisquilaris Cooke, Grevillea 8, 65, 1879. Examination of authentic material in Kew indicates that Cooke described this species from a series of mixed collections. Mature perithecia of N. tasmanica Berk. are present on the collection labelled “389 Melbourne”, while Dendrodochium conidial stromata typical of another species of Nectria are also present. In “Dunedin, 123” only Dendrodochium conidial stromata are present, whereas “362, Dr. Berggren, Melbourne, Australia” shows perithecia of yet another species of Nectria differing from N. tasmanica in that perithecial walls consist of hyaline cells with pigmented globules present among them. Collections listed as N. quisquilaris by Dingley (1951b) together with additional material has been re-examined and distributed according to the following emended key:— Perithecia farinaceous Spores biseriate, echinulate. 12-18 × 5-6 5μ N. aeo-fulia Cke & Ellis Perithecia tuberculate Spores biseriate at apex of ascus Spores elliptical on fusiform. finely echinulate 12-15 × 3 5-4.5μ N. egmontensis Dingle Spores elliptical, oval, verrucose, 17-22 × 5-6μ N. kowhat Dingley It should be noted that Cooke's original spelling is N. quisquilaris not N. quisquiliaris as given by Saccardo (1883). Nectria ralfsii Berk. & Br Annals & Magazine of Natural History II. 13, 467, 1854. 1863. N. daldinia de Notaris, Cfeacei Italiei, 12. 1878. Calonectria veriuculosa Niessl ex Thuem., J. Sci. Math. Phys. Natm. Lisbon. No. 288, 6, 230-253. 1881. Sphaeropsis henriquesii Thuem, Contrib Flora Myc. Lusit III. 39 1882. Nectria verruculosa (Niessl.) Penzig, Michelia. 2 420. 1951. N. hauturu Dingley. Tians. Roy. Soc. N. Z. 79. 185. Studies of authentic material of N. ralfsii has shown that N. hauturu was based on the same species. Weese (1917) listed and discussed the synonyms of N. ralfsii. Rilestone (1941) stated that Sphaeropsis henriquesii Thuem was its conidial stage but commented that Mr. E. W. Mason, of the Commonwealth Mycological Institute, stated that the characteristic lemon-shaped spores are not borne in pycnidia This characteristic conidial stage is present in New Zealand collections. Nectria rubi Osterwald, Ber. Deutsch Bot. Gesell, 29, 620, 191] 1917 Cylindiocarpon janthothele Wollenw, Ann Mye 15 56.

Nectria ruapehu Dingley, Trans. Roy Soc. N. Z., 79, 186, 1951. Nectria Sanguinea (Bolton) Fr., Summa Veg Scand., 388, 1849. Collections listed under this species by Dingley (1951b) are misdeterminations. In New Zealand specimens spores are tuberculate rather than echinulate and are lightly pigmented, and for these reasons have been placed under N. vilior Starb. Nectria stenospora Berk. & Br., J. Linn. Soc. 14, 115, 1875. 1875 N. bicolor Berk. & Br., J. Linn Soc., 14, 116. 1883 N. alutaceae Berk & Cke., Grev., 12, 81. Dingley (1951b) included collections of this species under N. ochroleuca but N. stenospora may be separated by the echinulate spores, uniseriately arranged. Perithecia when fresh are farinaceous. Petch (1924) compared Berkeley & Broome's description with type and cotype collections (Thwaites, 647) in both Kew herbarium and the British Museum of Natural History. Unfortunately the type is a mixed collection, and its interpretation has suffered accordingly Petch stated that perithecia, comparable with Berkeley & Broome's description are the only perithecia present in the collection in the British Museum, and added that they also agree with the description of those of N. bicolor Hoehnel (1912) stated that N. bicolor was present on the specimen labelled “Thwaites 647” in Kew but as well as a red perithecial form similar to N. flavo-lanata Berk. & Br, which he describes as N. flocculenta, together with a small red caespitose species which he considered to be N. stenospora Unfortunately this interpretation does not agree with the original description. Petch (1924) then redescribed N. stenospora, taking as the type the British Museum specimen, this and his interpretation agrees with New Zealand collection. Nectria tasmanica Berkeley, Flora Tasmaniae, 2. 279, 1860. This Australasian species appears to be similar to N. mammoidea, the only morphological difference being in the size of the spores; both species have as a conidial stage a form of Cylindrocarpon janthothele Wollenw. Nectria tawa Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 199, 1951. Nectria trachylina Sydow, Ann. Myc, 36, 299, 1939 N. haematococca Berk & Br. Nectria vilior Starback, Bih K. Svenska Vet Akad. Handl Stockholm, 25, 28, 1899. 1891 Nectria episphaeria (Tode) Fr var retzschmariac P. Henn Englei Jahi, 14 364. 1895. N. meliolopsicola P. Henn, Englei Pflanz Ostafikas, Berlin. 3, 32. 1905 N. stigma Rehm, Hedwigia, 44. 2. 1905 N. stigma Rehm, Hedwigia, 44. 2. 1916 N. kretzschmariae (P Iienn) Weese. Sitz Akad Weiss Wien, 125, 506. Weese (1912, 1916) discussed the morphology of species similar to N. sanguinea. He grouped the above list of species under N. vilior on the grounds that they differed from N. sanguinea in that spores are tuberculate rather than echinulate, pigmented and not hyaline, and uniseriately arranged in a cylindrical asc. The author has accepted his discussion since types of the species were not available for study Furthermore Ehrlich noted on the herbarium sheet of

N. sanguinea in the Kew herbarium that the type of N. meliolopsicola and N. episphaeria var. kretzschmariae are too poor as collections upon which to base types and as they were lost with the Berlin herbarium, N. vilior has been adopted for the specific name since the type collection is extant. New Zealand collections listed as N. episphaeria and N. sanguinea are included under N. vilior. One New Zealand collection (“86 Colenso, Cooke Herb. 1885”) is filed in Kew herbarium under N. episphaeria. The species appears to be common on Sphaeriaceous fungi especially in warm temperate countries, usually on species of Hypoxylon. Nectria westlandica Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 79, 201, 1951. Nectria zelandica Cooke, Grev., 8, 65, 1879. One collection listed as N. coccinea by Dingley (1951b) has proved to be of N. zelandica Cooke. There are three collections filed in the Kew herbarium from New Zealand—“305 Bank's Penn., Little River” (type col), “c 735 New Zealand” and “ex Aristotelia Dr. Hector, received 1868” (filed under N. otagensis) A collection from Australia “ex Gippsland” filed under N. zelandica is a misdetermination of N. tasmanica The North American collections filed under N. zelandica is a misdetermination of some other species. Sphaerostilbe Tul., Select Fung Carp., 1, 130, 1861 = Nectria Fr Sphaerostilbe cinnabarina (Mont.) Tul., Select. Fung. Carp., 1, 130, 1861. In Kew herbarium placed under this cover are the following collections from New Zealand and Australia—“c 19, Colenso, N.Z.” = conidial stage of some unknown species; “515, Colenso, N.Z.”, “Clarence River, Wilcox, Australia”, and “ex Aesculus rubicunda, Botanic Gardens, Sydney, E. Cheel 27/2/03” are of Thyronectria pseudotrichia (Schw. ex Berk. & Curt.) Seeler. Sphaerostilbe gracilipes Tul., Select. Fung. Carp., 3, 102, 1865. Two collections from New Zealand filed under this cover in the Kew herbarium are “Colenso b 193, a, b”, the former, “on Fagus wood” appears to be a member of the Clavariaceae, the latter a specimen of one of the smaller Agarics. Sphaerostilbe hypocreoides Kalchbr. & Cke., Grev., 9, 1880. = Nectria macrostoma Berk. & Curt. In the Kew herbarium cover labelled Sphaerostilbe hypocreoides is the only collection from Australia “ex Brisbane. Bailey” upon it was based Cooke's record (1892) of its presence in Australia. Upon examination the species proved to be based on a collection of N. macrostoma. Sphaerostilbe microspora Cooke & Massee, Grev., 9, 1880. The type collection in Kew herbarium ex “Melbourne, Australia, F. Campbell”, is filed under the cover of a North American species Nectriella microspoia (Cke. & Ellis) Sacc. The species was described from a mixed collection and therefore a “nomen confusum”. The collection shows typical conidial and perithecial fructifications of Thyronectria pseudotrichia and in addition, small light coloured perithecia of N. ochroleuca In the description of the type Cooke & Massee referred to small spores 6 × 2μ and illustrated them as being arranged biseriately in the ascus.

Such features are typical of N. ochroleuca, but then the description of the conidial stage is that which covers the Stilbium stage of Thyronectria pseudotrichia. Sphaerostilbe microspora is therefore not a synonym of Nectriella microspora but “proparte” ot Nectria ochroleuca and Thyronectria pseudotrichia Sphacrostilbe mgrescens Kalchbr & Ckf., Grev 9, 1880 = Thyronectria pseudotrichia. The type collection ex “53, Wellington, T. Kirk, ex Cooke Herb. 1885” filed in Kew herbarium is based on a collection of Thyronectria pseudotrichia.