Additions to the Rust Fungi of New Zealand —111

R. F. R. McNabb

By

Plant Diseases Division, Auckland

[.Received by Editor , October 3, 1960.]

Abstract

Rusts recorded for New Zealand now total 171. Two new species and six species not previously recorded from New Zealand are described and illustrated. Sixteen new host records are given.

Since the publication of Additions to the Rust Fungi of New Zealand II (Baker, 1956), the following rusts and hosts have been collected, bringing the total for New Zealand to 171 species. Included in this number is Puccinia iridis (DC) Wallr. which was recorded on Iris xiphium L by Dingley and Brien (1956),

The writer wishes to thank Miss J. M. Dingley for her helpful advice, and Mr C. M. Smith, of Wellington, for the Latin descriptions of two species.

Coleosporium campanulae (Persoon) Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. 3: 8, 373, 1847. (Text-fig. I, fig. 1.)

Uredo campanulae Pers. Syn. Fung. 217; 1801. Uredo tremulosa campanulae Strauss, Ann. Wett. Ges. 2; 90; 1810. Caeoma campanularum Link, in Willd. Sp. PI. 6; 16; 1825. Peridermium rostrupi Ed. Fisch. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 41; 171; 1894. O, I. Not seen.

11. Uredosori hypophyllous, elliptical, to 0.5 mm long, often confluent, forming groups to 2mm diameter, bullate, pulverulent, yellow at first, fading to white, becoming exposed by irregular splitting of the epidermis; spores elliptical, oblong-elliptical or ovate, 22-37 x 15-21/*, average 29 x 17/*; epispore hyaline, 1-2/* thick, finely and densely verrucose; germ pores obscure.

111. Not seen.

Type Locality. Europe, on Campanula sp.

Distribution. Europe, North America, Asia, New Zealand. Host. Campanula persicifolia L. Wellington: Wanganui, March, 1937, E. E. Chamberlain. Auckland: Mt. Eden, July, 1958, J. M. Dingley.

Both host and rust are introduced. In Europe and North America the aecidial stage occurs on pines but no alternate host has yet been established for the fungus in this country.

Some of the forms of this rust on the various species of Campanula have been separated by Klebahn (1904) into biologically distinct races, but the specialization is not in any case sharply defined.

Coleosporium campanulae has apparently not become well established in New Zealand.

Puccinia gei McAlpine, Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 6: 756; 1895. (Text-fig. I. fig. 2.) O, I, 11. Unknown.

111. Teleutosori amphigenous, scattered, orbicular, to 1 mm diameter, or in confluent groups to 2 mm diameter, seated on discoloured spots, chocolate brown, pulverulent, long covered, finally surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores elliptical, oblong-clavate or sub-clavate, 33-45 x 13-18 ft, average 38 x 15/x; apex bluntly acuminate, thickened to Bft, base attenuate, constricted at the septum, basal cell longer and narrower; epispore smooth, 2-3 ft thick in upper cell, 1.5-2. oft in lower cell, chestnut brown; pedicel hyaline, fragile, deciduous, to 50 x Bft; germ pore in upper cell apical or occasionally lateral, basal pore midway between septum and pedicel.

Type Locality. Tasmania, on Geum re\ folium F. v M. Distribution. Tasmania, New Zealand. Host. Geum uniflorum Buch. Canterbury: Arthur’s Pass, January, 1956, J. M. Dingley.

Geum uniflorum is an endemic species occurring in the South Island mountains. (Cheeseman, 1925, p. 503.) The rust, which is a Tasmanian species, is the only Puccinia recorded on indigenous Rosaceae.

Puccinia flavescens McAlpine, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 28: 558; 1903. (Text-fig. I, fig. 3.)

Puccinia flavescentis McAlp. Rusts Austr. 119; 1906. O, I. Unknown.

11. Uredosori epiphyllous, linear, to 1.5 mm long, often confluent, pulverulent chestnut brown, soon naked, arranged along the furrows of the leaf; spores subglobose or obovate, 22-30 x 19-25 fi, average 25 x 22[i; epispore pallid yellow, 1.5-2.0/x thick, closely echinulate; germ pores 4-7, scattered.

111. Not seen.

Type Locality. Australia, on Stipa flavescens Labill. Distribution. Australia, New Zealand. HojL Stipa variabilis Hughes. Canterbury: Amberley, April, 1950, A. J. Healy.

Both host and rust are introduced, the host being a native of Australia and first appearing in New Zealand in the Christchurch area (Allen, 1940). Although Me Alpine (1906) states that the teleutospores are in-mixed with the uredospores, no teleutospores were found in the material examined.

Puccinia tekapo n.sp. (Text-fig. I, fig. 4.)

O, I. Ignota.

11. Uredosori hypophyllii, dispersi, ad 0.5 mm longi, aurantiaci, pulverulenti, penitus in tomentum foliae infossi; sporae subglobosae vel obovatae, 21-31 (26) x 18-24 (21) [i; episporium hyalinum, 1.0-1.5/x, crassum, subtiliter verrucolosum, poris geominis duabus in circulo mediano, indistinctis.

111. Tgleutosori amphigeni, intermixtis uredosoris inferne in tomentum infossi, elliptici, 0.2-0.5 mm longi, dispersi, vel catervis aggregati, erumpentes, pulverulenti, fissuris longitudinalibus demum dehiscentes; sporae latae ellipticae, 36-49 (46) x 23-31 (26) //, apice hebeti vix

crassato (ad 6/x), basi rotundato, septo paulo constricto, cellulis ambabus paene aequalibus; episporium castaneo-nigricans, 3.0-3.5 /x crassum, leve; pedicello persistente, hyalino, parietibus ad 6/x crassatis, lumine angustato, ad 120 x 18 /x; porus geominis superioris cellulae apicalis sed interdum in situm lateralem dimotus, basalis septum subsistens in locis plus minusve dimidio lateris inferioribus.

O, I. Unknown.

11. Uredosori hypophyllous, scattered, elliptical, to 0.5 mm long, orange, pulverulent, deeply immersed in the leaf tomentum; spores subglobose or obovate, 21-31 x 18-24 ft, average 26 x 21ft; epispore hyaline, 1.0-I.sft thick, finely verruculose; germ pores indistinct, 2 equatorial.

111. Teleutosori amphigenous, associated with the uredosori, on the lower surface immersed in the tomentum, on the upper surface seated on discoloured areas, elliptical, 0.2-0.5 mm long, scattered or aggregated into groups, erumpent, pulverulent, becoming exposed by longitudinal splitting of the epidermis; spores broadly elliptical, 36-49 x 23-31 /x, average 46 x 26//,; apex bluntly rounded, scarcely thickened (to 6//,), base rounded; slightly constricted at septum, both cells approximately the same size, basal cell often more irregular in shape; epispore deep chestnut brown, 3.0-3.5//. thick, smooth; germ pore of upper cell apical, occasionally displaced laterally, basal pore to one-third distance below septum; pedicel persistent, hyaline, walls thickened to 6//,, lumen narrow, to 120 x 18/*. Distribution. New Zealand. Host. Olearia odorata Petrie.

Canterbury: Lake Tekapo, Mt. Mistake, April, 1959, D. Scott. Type collection P.D.D. Herb. No. 19170; Lake Tekapo, Middle Gorge Greek, April, 1959, D. Scott.

Olearia odorata is endemic and confined to the mountain regions of the South Island. (Gheeseman, 1925, p. 928.) The rust is characterised by the long, hyaline, persistent pedicel with thick walls and narrow lumen. It may be separated from Puccinia moschata G. H. Gunn, and Puccinia perlaevis G. H. Gunn, by the absence of paraphyses surrounding the uredosori, the two germ pores of the uredospores, and the smaller teleutospores with thickened pedicel walls.

Puccinia liberta Kern, Mycologia, 11: 142; 1919. (Text-fig. 11, fig. 2.)

O, I. Unknown. 11. Uredosori chiefly on culms, scattered, orbicular, 0.3-1.5 mm long, occasionally confluent then up to 3 mm long, pale chestnut brown, long covered, bullate, finally dehiscing by longitudinal slits, slightly pulverulent at maturity; spores broadly elliptical or ovate, often laterally compressed, 17-22 x 20-27 /t, average 25 x 19//,; epispore golden brown, 1.5-2.0/t thick, moderately and finely echinulate; germ pores 2, equatorial.

111. Not seen. Type Locality. Nicaragua, on Eleocharis sp. Distribution. West Indies, Central America, California, New Zealand. Host. Eleocharis sphacelata R. Br. Auckland: Te Henga, March, 1956, J. M. Dingley; Te Henga, April, 1960, R. F. R. McN.

The host is indigenous, also occurring on the Chatham and Kermadec Islands and extending to Australia and Tasmania. (Cheeseman, 1925; p. 216.)

Aecidium myrsines n. sp. (Text-fig. 11, fig. 1.)

O. Ignotum.

I. Aecidiosori saepissime hypophyllii, gregaribus, 15 mm diametro conferti superne aspectabilibus in maculis pallidis; peridid ampullacea, erumpentia, 0.2-0.4 mm lata, marginibus erectis, integris, albidis; cellulae peridiales rhomboidales, parietibus 4-6/a crassis, sculptis, compressis; sporae

plerumbque polygones sed nonnunquam subglobosae, 26-32 (30) x 24-28 (26) //; episporium hyalin um, 1-2// crassum, subtiliter denseque verruculosum.

O. Unknown.

I. Aecidiosori mainly hypophyllous, in groups up to 15 mm diameter, seated on discoloured areas visible from the upper surface; peridia flaskshaped, erumpent, 0.2-0.4 mm diameter, margins erect, entire, white; peridial cells rhomboidal, walls 4-6/x thick, sculptured, compacted; spores polygonal, occasionally subglobose, 26-32 x 24-28 /*, average 30 x 26/*; epispore hyaline, 1-2/t thick, minutely and densely verruculose. Distribution. New Zealand. Host. Myrsine salicina Heward.

Wellington: Tararua Ranges, March, 1955, R. Close. Type collection P.D.D. Herb. No. 19171.

The host is endemic and a common lowland species throughout New Zealand. The only other rust described on members of the Myrsinaceae is Uromyces myrsines Diet, on a species of Myrsina from Brazil. (P. &H. Sydow, 1910.)

Aecidium monocystis Berkeley, Flor. N.Z. II: 196, 1855. (Text-fig. 11, fig. 3.) O. Unknown.

I. Aecidiosori epiphyllous, solitary or in groups of 2-3, elliptical, to 0.75 mm long, peridia flask-shaped, margin toothed, white, scarcely revolute; peridial cells wedge-shaped to polygonal, appearing hexagonal when united, thick walled, sculptured; spores squarish-oblong, polygonal or rarely obovate, 19-25 x 14- 20/*, average 22 x 16/t; epispore pallid yellow, 1.0-1.5/i thick, finely and closely verruculose. Type Locality. Tasmania, on Abrotanella forsterioides Hook. f. Distribution. Tasmania, New Zealand. Host. Abrotanella pusilla Hook. f. Wellington: Tararua Ranges, January, 1953, M. J. A. Simpson.

The host is endemic, being confined to the mountain areas of the North Island. (Cheeseman, 1925, p. 1005.)

Aecidium monocystis was first recorded on Phyllachne colensoi Beggr. (Stylidiaceae) from New Zealand, but both Rodway and McAlpine (1906) believe that the host was misdetermined and that the fungus described by Berkeley was on Abrotanella forsterioides from Tasmania. Cunningham (1931) records it as an excluded species.

It is unlikely that the same rust occurs on both a Composite and a Stylidiaceous host.

Aecidium monocystis may be separated from the aecidial stage of Puccinia lagenophorae Cke. which occurs on the closely related host genera Lagenophora and Brachycome, by the larger spores and the pallid yellow epispore.

Uredo spyridii Cooke & Massee, Grev. 15: 99; 1887. (Text-fig. 11, fig. 4.)

11. Uredosori hypophyllous, seated on discoloured spots visible above, to 0.5 mm diameter, occasionally in confluent groups to 2 mm diameter, partly immersed in the tomentum of the leaf; spores subglobose, obovate or elliptical, 23-31 x 18-25 /x, average 27 x 21/x, with coarsely granular contents; epispore pallid yellow, 1.5-2.0/a thick, closely echinulate; germ pores indistinct, 2-4 scattered; long, incurved, tufted, hyaline or tinted paraphyses enveloping the sori.

The host is endemic, occurring in the North Island. (Gheeseman, 1925, p. 554.) Type Locality. Australia, on Spyridium parvifolium F. vM. Distribution. Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand. Host. Pomaderris rugosa Gheesem. Auckland: Silverdale, July, 1955, F. W. Bartlett; Silverdale, August, 1955, F. W. Bartlett; Orere Point, September, 1956, J. M. Dingley.

Nomenclatural Changes

Publications by overseas workers on the problems of rust nomenclature have necessitated changing the names of several rusts recorded from New Zealand by Cunningham (1931) and Baker (1956).

Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Schroet.

Previously recorded from New Zealand as Uromyces fabae (Pers.) de Bary by Cunningham (1931).

Jorstad (1958 a) found that the type material in Persoon’s herbarium contained both uredospores and teleutospores, so that the original specific name used by Persoon must take priority. Puccinia allii Rud.

Previously recorded by Baker (1956) as Puccinia porri (Sowerby) Wint. Most modern workers now consider Puccinia allii to be a compound species embracing P. porri and P. blasdalei Diet. & Holw. (Jorstad, 1958 b). Hitherto P. porri has been separated from P. allii by the former possessing cupulate aecidia and a higher proportion of mesospores to teleutospores. Moore (1959), however, calls the rust of Allium sativum Puccinia allii, and retains P. porri for the rust of Allium cepa and A. porrum.

Peristemma pseudosphaeria (Mont.) Jorst.

Formerly recorded as Puccinia sonchi Rob. by Cunningham (1931). Grove (1913) first discovered that the uredospores were produced in a peridium and that “ the so-called paraphyses are really the upper part of a delicate imperfect peridium composed of hyaline pseudo-parenchyma cells H. Sydow erected the genus Peristemma to include Puccinia sonchi.

The specific epithet “ pseudosphaeria ” was first applied by Montagne in 1840, and so must take priority over “ sonchi ” Roberge. In 1856, however, Montagne republished without alteration his description of Puccinia pseudosphaeria, calling it a new species and without referring to his earlier description, which is therefore generally overlooked. A full description of the rust, its synonymy, and its distribution is presented by Jorstad (1956).

ADDITIONAL HOST RECORDS

Caeoma kaiku G. H. Gunn. Host: Parsonsia capsularis R. Br.

Auckland: Whakarewarewa, June, 1945, G. M. Smith.

Puccinia caricina DC ex Jorst. Host: Car ex coriaceae Hamlin.

Canterbury: Gass, March, 1959, P. Evans. PucQnia coprosmae Cke. Host: Coprosma pumila Hook.

Three Kings Islands: North East King, December, 1955, P. J. Brook. Puccinia coronata Cda. Host; Agrostis tenuis Sibth.

Auckland: Kawhia, December, 1947, A. J. Healy; Wellington: Upper Hutt, January, 1952, A. J. Healy.

Phalaris minor L.

Canterbury: Ashley River, January, 1957, A. J. Healy. Puccinia distinctz. McAlp. Host: Senecio cruentus DC.

Southland; Invercargill, July, 1957, F. E. Wilkins. Canterbury: Riccarton, January, 1955, A. J. Healy.

Puccinia lagenophorae Cke. Host: Lagenophora cuneata Petrie. Canterbury: Lake Tekapo, November, 1958, D. Scott.

Brachycome sinclairii Hook. f. Canterbury: Lake Tekapo, December, 1958, D, Scott.

Puccinia punctata Link. Host: Galium tenuicaule A. Cunn. Canterbury: Lake Tekapo, December, 1958, D. Scott.

Puccinia unciniarum Diet. & Neg. Host: Uncinia uncinata Kukenth. Wellington: Upper Hutt, March, 1953, A. J. Healy.

Puccinia whakatipu G. H. Gunn. Host: Anisotome carnosula Cockayne & Laing. Canterbury; Porter’s Pass, January, 1960, W. R. Philipson,

Uromyces armeriae (Schlecht.) Lev. Host: Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. Auckland: Remuera, September, 1956, J. M. Dingley. Wellington: Palmerston North. December, 1957, G. N. Paulin.

Uromyces edwardsiae G. H. Gunn. Host: Sophora tetraptera Mill. Southland: Dunsdale, February, 1958, E. G. Wilkins.

Uromyces striatus Schroet. Host: Medicago arabica Medic. Auckland: Mt Albert, August, 1955, J. M. Dingley.

Uromyces thelymitrae McAlp. Host; Thelymitra caesia Petrie. Wellington: Upper Hutt, December, 1952, A. J. Healy.

Aecidium disciforme McAlp. Host: Hebe brachysiphon Summerh. Canterbury: Cass, March, 1959, W. R. Philipson.

Aecidium myopori G. H. Gunn. Host: Myoporum acuminatum R. Br. Hawke’s Bay: Hastings, March, 1956, T. Conway.

Literature Cited

Allan, H. H., 1940. Naturalized Flora of New Zealand. D.S.I.R. Bulletin No. 83. Baker, S. D., 1956. Additions to the rust fungi of New Zealand, 11. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 83: 453-463.

Cheeseman, T. F., 1925. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. Ed. 2., Wellington; Govt. Printer.

Dingley, Joan M., and Brien, R. M., 1956. New records of fungous diseases in New Zealand, 1955-56. N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. 38: 433-439.

Cunningham, G. H., 1931. The rust fungi of New Zealand. Dunedin; John Mclndoe. Grove, W. 8., 1913. The British Rust Fungi. Cambridge; The University Press. Jorstad, 1., 1956. On the Sonchus rust Peristemma pseudosphaeria (Mont.) n. comb. (Syn. Puccinia sonchi Rob.) Friesia. 5: 278—283.

• 1958 a. Nomenclature notes, chiefly on Uredinales. Nytt. Mag. Bot. 6: 135-140.

Klebahn, H., 1904. Die Wirtswechselnden Rostpilze. Berlin; Gebr. Borntraeger. McAlpine, D., 1906. The Rusts of Australia. Melbourne; Govt. Printer. Moore, W. C., 1959. British Parasitic Fungi. Cambridge; The University Press. Sydow, P. & H., 1910. Monographia Vre dine arum. 2: Liepzig; Gebr. Borntraeger.

Mr R. F. R. McNabb, Plant Diseases Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Private Bag. Auckland, N.Z.