Census Catalogue of the Lichen Flora of New Zealand

William Martin

By

[.Received by the Editor, 26 October 7965.]

What may be deemed the first catalogue of New Zealand lichens was a list of 213 species appearing in Sir J. D. Hooker’s “ Handbook of the New Zealand Flora 33 in 1867. In “Lichens Novae-zelandiae” (1888) Nylander raised the number of known species to 371 and six years later Muller, in his “Conspectus Systematica Lichenum Novae-Zelandiae 33 not only increased the number of species to 738 but appended a list of 1,118 species he regarded as synonyms. No subsequent catalogue has appeared since 1894 notwithstanding the discovery of some hundreds of previously undetected lichens resulting largely from fieldwork by H. H. Allan, E. Du Rietz, J, Scott Thomson, J. Murray, P. W. James, the writer, and others. The largest single contribution of “ species novae ” appeared in Zahlbruckner’s “ Lichenes Novae Zelandiae 33 (1941). The following census enumerates 1,244 species.

Amongst lichenologists opinions have differed widely in respect to the taxonomy of many lichens, a single species having been placed by different authors in as many as seven distinct genera. In general, the species in the present catalogue are named as they appear in Zahlbruckner’s “ Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 33 or in Lamb’s supplementary “ Index Nominum Lichenum 33 . Names have been listed as synonyms when so classified in the “ Catalogus 33 .

New Zealand extends over 13° of latitude and the land rises from sea level to over 12,000 feet. The yearly sunshine ranges from under 1,200 to over 2,000 hours and the annual rainfall from under 50 to over 750 cm. Rocks, both acid and basic, igneous and volcanic, sedimentary and metamorphic are widespread, and soils include both sterile and highly fertile types. This wide diversity of environment and substrata is reflected in an abundant lichen flora. Many species are highly polymorphic and doubtless some listed “ species ” do not represent “ discrete, genetically distinct populations”. Many new but as yet unnamed and undescribed species are known; and in the hundreds of square miles of lichenologically unexplored territory, especially in the alpine areas of the South Island, many further discoveries may be anticipated.

“A Catalogue of the New Zealand lichens would be of great service to all lichenologists ”, wrote an overseas botanist in a personal communication.

It is recognised that amendments may be anticipated (1) to include numerous new but as yet undescribed species, (2) by the addition of species overlooked, (3) by the elimination of undetected synonyms, (4) by the restoration to autonomous rank of species deemed to be synonyms, and (5) because of taxonomic revisions

resulting from future research. To conserve space, publication sources are omitted, as most of these may be obtained from Zahlbruckner’s cc Catalogus 33 or from Lamb’s “ Index 33 . The appended list of synonyms should be read in conjunction with those listed by Muller in his “ Conspectus 33 (1894).

In the following catalogue, sections Hypogymnia and Menegazzia of the genus Parmelia, and sections Agryophora and Omphalodiscus of the genus Umbilicaria are given full generic status, as also is Pseudocyphellaria, a section of genus Sticta. Records for Aspicilia and Callopisma are merged in Lecanora and Caloplaca respectively, and Neuropogon is kept separate from Usnea. Notwithstanding several species listed are now regarded as chemical strains of previously known species they have meanwhile been retained in the following catalogue.

Census of New Zealand Lichens

ACAROSPORA Mass. gyrodes Magn. otagoensis Magn. AGYROPHORA (Nyl.) Nyl. leiocarpa (D.G.) Gyeln. zahlbruckneri (Frey.) Llano. var. robusta Llano. ALEGTORIA Ach. nigricans (Ach.) Nyl. ochroleuca (Ehrh.) Nyl. sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. ANAPTYCHIA Korber corallophora (Tayl.) Lynge. dendritica (Pers.) Vain. fusca (Huds.) Vain. hypoleuca (Miihl.) Vain. var. colorata (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. var. sore diifera Vain. leucomelaena (L.) Vain. var. angustifolia (Mey. et Flot.) Mull. Arg. speciosa (Wulf.) Mass. var. major (Nyl.) Zahlbr. ANTHRACOTHECIUM Hampe cellulosum Mull. Arg. ANZIA Stizenb. angustata (Pers.) Miill. Arg. var. hypoleucoides Miill. Arg. var. laxior Zahlbr. ARTHONIA (Ach.) Zahlbr. arthonioides A. L. Smith cinnabarina Wallr. var. adspersa Nyl. var. opegraphina Leight. complanata Fee conspicua Nyl. diaphora Stirt. dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl. epiodes Nyl. excedens Nyl. impolita (Ehrh.) Borr. apud Hook, et Sowerby indistincta Knight et Mitt. nigrocincta Knight et Mitt. peraffinis Nyl.

phymatodes Knight polymorpha Ach. radiata Ach. f. astroidea Ach. stictaria Nyl. stirtoniana Mull. Arg. subramulosa Nyl. ARTHOPYRENIA (Mass.) Mull. Arg. analepta (Ach.) Mass. balanophila Zahlbr. conformis (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. fossularia (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. gemellipara (Knight) Mull. Arg. gemmata (Ach.) Mass. leptiza (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. littoralis (Tayl.) Arn. maurospila (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. minutella (Knight) Mull. Arg. mycospora (Knight) Mull. Arg. peltigerella Zahlbr. pruinosogrisea (Knight) Mull. Arg. subatomaria (Knight) Mull. Arg. subbiformis (Knight) Mull. Arg. suffusa (Knight) Mull. Arg. transposita Mull. Arg. var. pseudopunctiformis (Knight) Mull Arg. ARTHOTHELIUM Mass. ampliatum (Knight) Mull. Arg. conspicuum (Nyl.) Nyl. dispersum Nyl. fusconigrum (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. f. endophoeniceum Zahlbr. indistinctum Knight et Mitt. infuscatum (Kremp.) Mull. Arg. obtusulum (Nyl.) Miill. Arg. pellucidum (Knight) Miill. Arg. spadiceum (Knight) Miill. Arg. stirtianum Miill. Arg. suffusum (Knight) Miill. Arg. vermiferum Zahlbr. BAGIDIA De Not. albicerata (Kremp.) Zahlbr. albidoplumbea Hook. f. and Tayl.) Hellb. albidoprasina Knight albozonata Zahlbr. allotropa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. anceps Knight

arceutina (Ach.) Rehm. arceutinoides (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. buchanani (Knight) Hellb. cargillensis Zahlbr. carneorufa Knight cerasentera Knight ceratma (Stirt.) Hellb. ceroplasta (Bab.) Hellb. chrysocarpa Knight cinerea (Schaer.) Trevis concinnior (Stirt.) Hellb. deposita (Nyl.) Zahlbr. endoleuca (Nyl.) Kickx. eucoccodes Knight exaltata (Knight) Zahlbr. ferax Mull. Arg. gilvorufella (Nyl.) Hellb. glomerulosa Knight leucocarpa Knight leucothalamia (Nyl.) Hellb. macrospora (Knight) Zahlbr. melasema Knight melastegia Knight mesospora Knight millegrana (Tayl.) Zahlbr. minutissima Knight nanospora Knight nidulans (Stirt.) Zahlbr. nubilior (Stirt.) Hellb. otagensis (Nyl.) Hellb. permutata (Stirt.) Hellb. perparva Zahlbr. plesia (Knight) Zahlbr. podocarpi Zahlbr. praelucida (Kremp.) Hellb. pseudophana (Nyl.) Hellb. pseudopyrra Knight rhyparabola (Nyl.) Zahlbr. rimosa Knight rosella (Pers.) De Not. rosellocamea Knight sabuletorum (Florke) Lettau schaereri De Not. sphaeroides (Dicks.) Zahlbr. stenospora Knight subbacillifera (Nyl.) Hellb. subcerina Zahlbr. subrosella (Nyl.) Hellb. subrubella (Nyl.) Hellb. subsimilans (Nyl.) Hellb. superula (Nyl.) Hellb. thalassina Zahlbr. tholera Zahlbr. trachona (Ach.) Lettau. var. marginatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. viridis Zahlbr. BAEOMYGES Pers. absolutus Tuck. var. novae-zelandiae (Knight) Zahlbr. var. subsessilis Mull. Arg. cinnabarinus Zahlbr. fungoides (Sw.) Ach. haematropis Leight. heteromorphus (Bab.) Nyl. f. rubens Hellb.

BIATORELLA Th. Fr. desmaspora (Knight) Hellb. epiphysa (Stirt.) Hellb. simplex (Davies) Branth. and Rostr. BLASTENIA Mass. alboflavida Zahlbr. colensoi Mull. Arg. confluens Mull. Arg. consanguinea Mull. Arg. endochromoides (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. iodomma (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. radomma (Nyl.) Zahlbr. BOMBYLIOSPORA De Not. domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. incana (Hook, f.) A. L. Smith monospora Knight tuberculosa (Fee) Mass. BUELLIA De Not. albula (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. alutacea Zahlbr. canescens (Dicks.) De Not. cingulata Zahlbr. cranwellii Zahlbr. decedens (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. disciformis (Fr.) Mudd. dunedina Zahlbr. epipolia Moug. ferax Mull. Arg. fuscoatratula Zahlbr. hypopelidna (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. lauri-cassiae (Fee) Mull. Arg. lit or alls Zahlbr. macularis Zahlbr. melaxanthella Mull. Arg. minutula (Hepp.) Arn. nitrophylla Zahlbr. var. albidiora Zahlbr. otagensis Zahlbr. porulosa Mull. Arg. punctata (Hoffm.) Mass. rorid a Hellb. schaereri De Not. stellulata (Tayl.) Mudd. subbadioatra (Knight) Mull, Arg. sub disciformis Vain. var. meiosperma (Nyl.) Stirt. CALICIUM Pers. abietinum Pers. var. australe Murray floerkei Zahlbr. martinii Murray oceanicum Ras. sphaerocephalum (L.) Ach. subnigricans Murray GALOPLACA Th. Fr. acarocarpa Zahlbr. acheila Zahlbr. f. rubentior Zahlbr. allanii Zahlbr. amylacea Magn. aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. blastenioides Zahlbr. cerina (Ehrh.) Th. Fr.

circumlutosa Zahlbr. elegans (Link.) Th. Fr. var. tenuis (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. ferruginea Th. Fr. jlavovirescens (Wulf) D. T. et Sarnth. fulgens (Sw.) Korber homologa (Nyl.) Hellb. inclinans (Stirt.) Hellb. Jablonszkyana Szat. jungermanniae (Vahl.) Th. Fr. litoralis Zahlbr. moorii Zahlbr. murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. (= C. elegans?) var. miniata (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. pallidior (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. perileuca Zahlbr. pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. var. holocarpa (Ehrh.) Zahlbr. var. sub pyracea (Ehrh.) Zahlbr. radomma (Nyl.) Zahlbr. scarlatina Zahlbr. sub pyracea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Thomsonii Zahlbr. CANDELARIA Mass. angustissima Murray concolor (Dicks.) Am. GANDELARIELLA Mull. Arg. aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. vitellina (Ehrh.) Mull. Arg. CATILLARIA (Mass.) Th. Fr. athallina (Hepp.) Hellb. caesia Zahlbr. caesiopallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. var. amenior (Nyl.) Zahlbr. var. nigrita Zahlbr. var. tristior Zahlbr. corroborans (Stirt.) Zahlbr. flavidoatra (Nyl.) Hellb. hemitropa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. intermixta (Nyl.) Arn. var. pallescens Zahlbr. kelica (Stirt.) Zahlbr. lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr. leucoplacoides (Kremp.) Zahlbr. maculosa (Stirt.) Zahlbr. melaclina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. var. areniseda Zahlbr. var. melastegia (Nyl.) Zahlbr. var. mesoleucodes Zahlbr. melaleuca (Tuck.) Zahlbr. melanotropa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schul. var. baliola (Nyl.) Zahlbr. perpulchra Zahlbr. pulverea (Borr.) Lettau pyrophthalma (Mont.) Zahlbr. rhiparabola (Nyl.) Zahlbr. semipallida (Nyl.) Zahlbr. spodophana (Nyl.) Zahlbr. subcarnea (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. sublivens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. synothea (Kremp.) Beltram. variegata (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. weinmanniae Zahlbr.

GATINARIA Vain. leucoplaca (D.G.) Zahlbr. CETRARIA Ach. corallophora Mull. Arg. dermatoidea Zahlbr. glauca (L.) Ach. islandica (L.) Ach. - var. tenuifolia (Retz.) Vain. novae-zelandiae Zahlbr. saepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. GHIODEGTON Ach. colensoi (Mass.) Mull. Arg. gelatinosum (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. inconspicuum Knight et Mitt. murinum Stirt. promtnulum Mull. Arg. sinuosum Stirt. GHLOROCYPHELLA lichenocola (Nyl.) Nyl. CHONDROPSIS Nyl. semiviridis Nyl. GLADIA Nyl. aggregata (Sw.) Nyl. retipora (La Bill.) Nyl. sullivanii (Mull. Arg.) Martin ■ — var. compacta Martin CLADONIA (Hill) Vain. alcicornis Flk. alpestroides Des Abb. amaurocraea (Flk.) Schaer. aueri Ras. bacillaris (Ach.) Nyl. f. clavata (Ach.) Vain. - f. elegantior Vain. f. reagens Evans balfourii Gromb. —■ f. chlorophaeoides (Vain.) Evans. borbonica (Ach.) Nyl. —■ f. squamulosa Robbins boryi Tuck. f. lacunosa Tuck. calycantha (Del.) Nyl. f. folios a Vain. campbelliana (Vain.) Gyeln. capitata (Michx.) Spreng. f. fastigiata Vain. f. interhiascens (Nyl.) Vain. var. abbreviata (Vain.) Evans. capitellata (Tayl.) Bab. f. amaurocraeoides Vain. f. degenerata Vain. f. fastigiata Vain. carassensis Vain, subsp. japonica (Vain.) Asah. cariosa (Ach.) Spreng. f. minor Rabenh. carneola Fr. cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. (?) cervicornis Ach. f. phyllophora (Florke) Sandst. chlorophaea (Florke) Spreng. f. carpophora (Florke) Anders f. costata (Florke) Sandst.

chlorophaea f. prolifera Herre f. simplex Hoffm.) Arn. chondrotypa Vain. coccifera (L.) Willd. f. asotea Ach. f. grandis (Kremp.) Vain. f. phyllocoma Florke f. stemmatina Ach. coniocraea (Florke) Sandst. f. ceratodes (Florke) D. T. and Sarnth. f. phyllostrota (Florke) Vain. f. stenoscypha (Stuck.) Sandst. -- f. truncata (Florke) D. T. and Sarnth. conista (Ach.) Robbins cornuta (L.) Schaer. f. phyllotoca (Florke) Vain. cornutoradiata (Goem.) Vain. f. capreolata (Florke) Flot. f. furcellata (Hoffm.) Sandst. f. radiata (Schreb.) Coem. f. repetitoprolifera Sandst. f. subulata (L.) Vain. crispata (Ach.) Flot. (forms) crypto chlorophaea Asah. cylindrica (Evans) Evans decorticata (Florke) Spreng. (?) deformis (L.) Hoffm. f. cornuta Forst. f. crenulata Ach. degenerans (Florke) Spreng. (forms) didyma (Fee) Vain. var. muscigena Vain. - var. rugifera Vain. digitata (L.) Schaer. f. monstrosa (Ach.) Vain. f. phyllophora Anzi. enantia Nyl. fimbriata (L.) Fries, (forms) var. chondroidea Vain. flabelliformis (Florke) Vain. var. polydactyla Vain. var. tubaeformis (Mudd) Vain. floerkeana (Fries) Florke —• var. carcata (Ach.) Nyl. var. intermedia Hepp. furcata (Huds.) Schrad. f. corymbosa (Ach.) Nyl. f. jurcatosubulata (Hoffm.) Vain. var. pinnata (Florke) And. f. foliosa (Duby.) Vain. var. racemosa (Hoffm.) Florke grayi Merr. - f. squamulosa Sandst. gracilis (L.) Willd. f. dilacerata Florke f. soredians Mull. Arg. var. chordalis (Florke) Schaer. var. ecmocyna (Ach.) Vain. var. elongata (Jacq.) Florke var. gracillima Norrl. hypoxantha Tuck. krempelhuberi (Vain.) Vain. leptoclada Des. Abb. lepidota Nyl. (?) macilenta Hoffm. —■ f. corticata Vain. —■ f. squamigera Vain. f. styracella (Ach.) Vain. major (Hag.) Sandst.

merochlorophaea Asah. mitts Sandst. f. attenuata Sandst. murrayi Martin nemoxyna (Ach.) Nyl. neozelandica Vain. oceanic a Vain. ochrochlora Florke f. flexuosa (Florke) Sandst. f. phylloitrata Florke pityrea (Florke) Fr. var. zwackhii Vain, (forms) pleurota (Florke) Schaer. (forms) polydactyla (Florke) Spreng. —■ f. intertexta Vain. - f. scabriuscula (Del.) f. tubaeformis Mudd. pyxidata (L.) Fries. rigida (Tayl.) Hampe. rangiformis Hoffm. var. pungens (Ach.) Vain. scabriuscula (Del.) Leight. f. adspersa (Florke) And. f. cancellata (Mull. Arg.) Sandst. f. conspersa Vain. f. semipellucida Sandst. f. sublevis Sandst. - f. surrecta (Florke) Sandst. solida Vain. southlandica Martin squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. (forms) var. cornuta Mull. Arg. subcariosa (Nyl.) Vain. ■—■ f. descendens Vain. subcervicornis (Vain.) Du Rietz. subdigitata Vain. var. polydactyloides Nyl. subnemoxyna Sandst. subsquamosa (Nyl.) Vain. turgida (Ehrh.) Hoffm. uncialis (L.) Web. verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. —■ var. evoluta Th. Fr. f. apoticta (Ach.) Vain. f. phyllocephala Flot. vulcanica Zoll. et Mor. GLADONIOPSIS Zahlbr. caespitosa Zahlbr. CLATHROPORINA Mull. Arg. endochrysea (Bab.) Mull. Arg. exocha Mull. Arg. haultainii (Knight) Mull. Arg. ihodinula Zahlbr. saxatilis Zahlbr. wellingtonii Mull. Arg. COCGOGARPIA Pers. ctonia (Tuck.) Vain. var. aurantiaca (Hook. f. and Tayl.) Vain. —■ var. furfuracea (Mull. Arg.) Vain. var. primaria Vain. pellita (Ach.) Mull. Arg. var. smaragdina (Pers.) Zahlbr.

GOGCOTREMA Mull. Arg. cucurbitula (Mont.) Mull. Arg. peponula Mull. Arg. var. tasmanica Gyeln. COENOGONIUM Mull. Arg. implexum Nyl. interplexum Nyl. f. contextum Stirt. interpositum Nyl. linkii Ehrhb. nigrum (Huds.) Zahlbr. subtorulosum Mull. Arg. tomentosum Mull. Arg. COLLEMA Web. aggregation (Ach.) Rohl. var. coerulescens Hue. • var. colensoi (Bab.) Zahlbr. approximans Zahlbr. conveniens Nyl. contiguum Knight and Mitt. fuscum Zahlbr. laeve Hook. f. and Tayl. leucocarpum Hook. f. and Tayl. pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. var. uniseptatum Zahlbr. rupestris A. L. Smith . subconveniens Nyl. subcrispum Nyl. tenax (Sw.) Ach. var. uniseptatum Zahlbr. vesper (Lightf.) Vain. CONIOGYBE Ach. furfuracea (L.) Ach. otagense Murray CORISGIUM Vain. neozelandicum Zahlbr. viride (Ach.) Vain. GORNIGULARIA (Schreb.) Ach. tenuissima (L.) Zahlbr. CROCYNIA Mass. gossypinna Mass. GYPHELIUM Ach. emergens (Wils.) Zahlbr. polycarpum Zahlbr. DENDRISCOCAULON Nyl. bolacinum (Ach.) Nyl. dendroides (Nyl.) Santes. DERMATOGARPON Eschw. aquaticum (Weis.) Zahlbr. hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. insigne Zahlbr. rufescens (Ach.) Th. Fr. DIMERELLA Trev. lutea (Dicks.) Trev.

DIPLOSGHISTES Norm. actinostomus (Pers.) Zahlbr. cervinus Zahlbr. cinereocaesius Vain. sanguinescens Zahlbr. scruposus (Schreb.) Norm. sticticus (Korber) Mull. Arg. DIRINA Fr. ceratoniae Fr. ENGEPHALOGRAPHA Korber otagensis Mull. Arg. ENTEROGRAPHA Fee bella Santes. crassa (D.G.) Fee gelatinosa (Stirt.) Redgr. neozelandica Redgr. var. murina Redgr. - var. ochracea Redgr. subgelatinosum (Stirt.) Redgr. ERIODERMA Fee velligerum Tuck. GRAPHINA Mull. Arg. anguina (Mont.) Mull. Arg. confluens Mull. Arg. monospora Mull. Arg. platycarpa (Eschw.) Zahlbr. GRAPHIS Adans. anfractuosa Eschw. cinerea Fee comparalis Nyl. var. inquinata Hook. f. —■ var. insidiosa Hook. f. f. nigrorimis Nyl. var. trifissa Mull. Arg. consentanea Mull. Arg. elegans (Sm.) Ach. emersa Mull. Arg. intricata Fee librata Knight novae-zelandiae (Knight) Mull. Arg. rufula (Trev.) Mont. scripta (L.) Ach. - f. varia (Ach.) Sandst. tenella Ach. GYALEGTA Ach. jenensis (Batsch.) Zahlbr. myriadella (Mull. Arg.) Hellb. GYMNOCAULON Duvign. caespitosum (Redgr.) Duvign. gregarium (Redgr.) Duvign. HAEMATOMMA Mass. babingtonii Mass. hilare Zahlbr. puniceum (Ach.) Mass. var. rufopallens (Nyl.) Vain. HEPPIA Naeg. spectabilis Zahlbr.

HYPNOGYMNIA (Nyl.) Nyl. billardieri (Mont.) var. angustior Zahlbr. enteromorpha (Ach.) Nyl. f. compactior Zahlbr. f. tenuis Bitt. inflata (Hillm.) lugubris (Pers.) f. compactior Zahlbr. physodes (L.) Nyl. var. soluta Mull. Arg. subphysodes Kremp. subteres (Bitt.) —• pulverulenta Zahlbr. turgidula Bitt. LAURERA Reichb. madreporiformis (Eschw.) Riddle apud Howe —■ var. obscurior Zahlbr. LEGANAGTIS Eschw. pollens Zahlbr. pleistophragmoides (Nyl.) Hellb. redingeri Zahlbr. subfarinosa (Knight) Hellb. var. minor Zahlbr. totarae Zahlbr. LECANIA Mass. citrinella Samp. cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. subundulata (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. vallata (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. LECANORA Ach. albescens (Hoffm.) Florke apud Flot. albidorufa Zahlbr. allophana Rdhl. atra (Huds.) Ach. var. americana Fee atrynea Rohl. —■ var. melacarpa Nyl. blanda Nyl. —■ var. crustosa Zahlbr. cinerea (L.) Rohl. continua Knight crenulata (Dicks.) Hook. f. cyamidea Stirt. cyrtospora Knight dasycarpa Zahlbr. dennanensis Zahlbr. depressa Nyl. f. obscurata Nyl. dispersa (Pers.) Rohl. endorhodea Zahlbr. fertilissima Zahlbr. flavopallescens Mull. Arg. flavopallida (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. frustulosa (Dicks.) Ach. granatina Sommerf. leprosa Fee limosescens Zahlbr. muralis Rabh. var. versicolor Tuck. nothofagi Zahlbr. novae-zealandiae Magn. obvelata Nyl. ochrotropa Zahlbr.

pachypholis Nyl. pallida (Schreb.) Rabh. pallidocerina Nyl. parmelina Zahlbr. perflavida Nyl. petraea Flot. platylepis Zahlbr. polytropa (Ehrh.) Rabenh. pulvinaris Zahlbr. rhypoderma Mull. Arg. rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. f. decussata (Gromb.) Zahlbr. rubrocincta Stirt. subcarnea Ach. subcribellum Lamb subfusca (L.) Ach. —■ var. hypnorum Rabh. var. melanocarpa Mont. subglaucodea (Kremp.) Zahlbr. subgranulata Nyl. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. var. symmictera (Nyl.) Zahlbr. symmictoides Nyl. tararuana Zahlbr. trachyderma Kremp. umbrina (Ehrh.) Mass. varia (Ehrh.) Ach. verrucosa (Ach.) Laur. LECIDEA Ach. emend Zahlbr. albidolutea Nyl. albipraetextata Knight. albocoerulescens (Wulf) Ach. allanii Zahlbr. arceutina (Ach.) S. Gray. armeniaca (D.C.) Fr. var. melaleuca (Script.) Fries. atomaria Th. Fr. atroalba (Ach.) Flot. atrofusca (Flot.) Mudd. var. persistent (Nyl.) Zahlbr. aucklandica Zahlbr. var. planata Zahlbr. bacidioides Zahlbr. blastenoides Zahlbr. brachyspora (Th. Fr.) Ericks. canorufescens Kremp. carpodetii Zahlbr. cerinocarpa Knight. chalybeiza Nyl. charadrodes Zahlbr. cinnabarina Sommerf. circumdiluens Nyl. coarctata (Sm.) Nyl. f. cotaria Mull. Arg. var. decipiens Miill. Arg. var. elachista (Ach.) Th. Fr. var. exposita Nyl. coccodes Knight colensoi Bab. confoederata Zahlbr. congregans Zahlbr. conisalea Knight consanguinea Stirt. contigua Fries. coromandelica Zahlbr. crustulata (Ach.) Spreng. dacrydii Miill. Arg. decipiens (Ehrh.) Ach.

declinans (Nyl.) Nyl. demersa Kremp. disseminata Tayl. dunedina Zahlbr. durietzii Magn. elaeochroma (Ach.) Ach. electrodes Stirt. eucheila Zahlbr. euphorea (Florke) Nyl. exigua Chaub. familiaris Nyl, friabilis Zahlbr. furfuracea Pers. fuscoatra (L.) Ach. juscocincta Stirt. gallinarum Zahlbr. granulosa (Ehrh.) Ach. hybrida Zahlbr. imitatrix Zahlbr. inter versa Nyl. irrub ens Zahlbr. var. albidior Zahlbr. laeta Stirt. lapicida Ach. latypea Ach. laureri Stirt. leptocarpa Nyl. leptoloma Nyl. leptophaea (Florke) Nyl. leucoplaca Mull. Arg. (= L. lechleri Zahlbr.) ? lithophila (Ach.) Ach. litoralis Knight. mamillaris Fr. meiospora Nyl. microdactyla Knight. miscescens Nyl. mycoplaca Zahlbr. myriocarpa (D.G.) Rohl. nigrolurida Mull. Arg. otagoana Zahlbr. oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl. pachycarpa Fr. pahiensis Zahlbr. pallidoatra Nyl. petrina Nyl. piperis (Spreng.) Nyl. var. erythroplaca (Fee) Kremp. rubricatula Stirt. - var. cinerascens Zahlbr. rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. russula Ach. rutilescens Zahlbr. sanguineoatra (Wulf.) Ach. schistacea Knight. schistiseda Zahlbr. senescens Zahlbr. sinuatum (Huds.) Mass. spermagoniata Zahlbr. sterilis Zahlbr. sticticarpa Zahlbr. stillata Nyl. subcarnea Ach. subdata Knight subdacrydii Zahlbr. , subglaucodea Kremp. sublapicida Knight subpineti Kremp. subrutila Zahlbr.

subsericea Zahlbr. subsimilis Nyl. subtenebrosa Nyl. suprasedens Zahlbr. sylvicollela Nyl. tabacodes (Kremp.) Zahlbr. tararuensis Zahlbr. thomsonii Zahlbr. thysaniza Nyl. triangularis Magn. venusta (Stirt.) Zahlbr. venustula (Stirt.) Zahlbr. vernalis (L.) Ach. vexillaris Zahlbr. waiporiensis Hillm. LEMPHOLEMMA Korber. pannarinum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. LEPRARIA Ach. candelaris (L.) Fr. incana (L.) Ach. LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) S. Gray. aucklandicum Zahlbr. brebissonii Mont. bullatum (Ach.) Mont. chloromelum (Sw.) Nyl. crispatellum Nyl. cyanescens (Ach.) Korber inflexum Nyl. menziesii Mont. moluccanum (Pers.) Vain. —■ var. azureum (Sw.) Ach. patoni Stirt. pecten F. Wils. phyllocarpum (Pers.) Mont. plicatile (Ach.) Leight. var. fir mum Oliv. rigens Nyl. saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. sinuatum (Huds.) Mass. tremelloides (L.) S. Gray. var. laciniatum Tuck. LEPTORHAPHIS Korber. beloniza (Stirt.) Hellb. macrocystophora (Knight) Hellb. LEPTOTREMA Mont, et Bosch. aemulans Mull. Arg. allosporoides Mull. Arg. elatius (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. farinaceum Mull. Arg. monosporoides (Nyl.) Mull! Arg. var. saxatile Mull. Arg. monosporum (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. novae-zelandtae Szat. patulum (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. LICHINA Agardh. pygmaea var. intermedia Bab. LITHOGRAPHA Nyl. cyrtospora Nyl.

LOBARIA Schreb. adscripta (Nyl.) Hue. beckettii (Stirt.) Zahlbr. glomulifera (Del.) Hoffm. laetevirens (Lightf.) Zahlbr. montagnei (Bab.) Hellb. quercizans Michx. verrucosa (Huds.) Hoffm. LOPADIUM Korber. allanii Zahlbr. ferrugineum Mull. Arg. fuscoluteum (Hoffm.) Mudd. insidens (Stirt.) Hellb. monosporum (Knight) Hellb. phyllophilum (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. subamaurum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. subbcoerulescens Zahlbr. tumidula (Sm.) Zahlbr. venustulum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. MASSALONGIA Korber. carnosa (Dicks.) Korber. MASTODIA (Hook. f. et Harv. tessellata Hook. f. et Harv. MEGALOSPORA Mey. et Flot. allanii Zahlbr. dispersa Knight epiglauca (Nyl.) marginiflexa (Hook. f. et Tayl.) Zahlbr. marginiflexoides Asah. subvigilans (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. sulphurata Mey. et Flot. —■ var. campylospora (Stirt.) Zahlbr. versicolor (Fee) Zahlbr. var. argyrodes (Vain.) Zahlbr. var. incondita B. de Lesd. MELAMPYDIUM Stirt. metabolum (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. MELANOTHEGA Fee connivens (Stirt.) Zahlbr. cumingiana (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. irregularis Zahlbr. stirtoniana Mull. Arg. MELASPILEA Nyl. concrucians Mull. Arg. deformis (Schaer.) Nyl. lobulata (Knight et Mitt.) Nyl. subeffigurans (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. MENEGAZZIA (Mass.) Zahlbr. amabilis Zahlbr. —■ var. glaucothalla Zahlbr. var. subsessilis Zahlbr. aucklandica Zahlbr. cincinnata (Ach.) Bitt. circumsorediata Santes. dielsii (Hillm.) Santes. dispora (Nyl.) Santes. foraminulosa (Kremp.) Bitt. globulifera Santes. nigrescens (Stirt.) Santes. nothofagi Zahlbr. pertransita (Stirt.) Santes. var. vittataeforme Szat.

opuntioides (Mull. Arg.) Santes (?) pertusa (Schrank) Schaer. sanguinescens (Ras.) Lamb stirtonii Zahlbr. weindorferi (Zahlbr.) Santes. —• var. endocitrina (Hillm.) Santes. MIGROPHIALE (Stiz.) Zahlbr. pallidula (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. planella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. MIGROTHELIA Korber. binucleolata Mull. Arg. cargilleana Linds. gemellipara (Knight) Mull. Arg. knightiana Mull. Arg. magnified (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. perrugosaria Linds. ramalinaria Linds. stictaria Linds. vermicularia Linds. MOLLEROPSIS Gyeln. nebulosa (Hoffm.) Gyeln. MYCOBLASTUS Norm. hypomelinus (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. implicatus (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. minor Zahlbr. MYXODIGTYON Mass. chrysostictum (Tayl.) Mass. NEPHROMA Ach. australe Rich. f. homalodes (Nyl.) Murray var. rigidum Murray cellulosum (Sm.) Ach. var. isidioferum Murray helveticum Ach. var. rufum (Bab.) Murray lyalli Bab. f. isidiatum Murray omphalodes Nyl. praetextata Nyl. schizocarpum Nyl. NEUROPOGON Nees et Flot. acromelanus (Stirt.) Lamb antarcticus (Du Rietz) Lamb ciliatus (Nyl.) Kremp. NORMANDINA Nyl. pulchella (Borr.) Nyl. OCELLULARIA Mey. bicavata Mull. Arg. cavata (Ach.) Mull. Arg. dolichospora (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. hians (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. obovata (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. OCHROLEGHIA Mass. antarctica Darb. pallescens (L.) Mass. parella (L.) Mass. parellula Zahlbr. tartarea (L.) Mass. thelotremoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.

OMPHALODISGUS Schol. decussatus (Vill.) Schol. subaprinus (Frey.) Llano. var. neo-zelandica Frey. OPEGRAPHA Humb. atra Pers. agelaeoides Nyl. cinerea Chev. constricta (Kremp.) devia Nyl. diaphoriza Nyl. fuscescens Kremp. intertexta Knight modesta Mull. Arg. murina Kremp. prominuloides Zahlbr. pulicaris (Hoffm.) Nyl. -—• var. heteiocarpa Mull. Arg. rubric a Mull. Arg. rufescens Pers. spodopolic Nyl. stellata Knight subdifficilis Nyl. var. avicenniae Zahlbr. verruculosa Mull. Arg. PAGHYPHIALE Lonnr. cornea (Ach.) Poetsch. PANNARIA Del. atrofumosa Knight crustata Stirt. fulvescens (Mont.) Nyl. glaucella Tuck. granulifera Mull. Arg. imbricatula Mull. Arg. laciniata Zahlbr. leucosticta Tuck, apud Nyl. mariana (Fr.) Mull. Arg. nebulosa (Hoffm.) Nyl. var. pulverulenta (Knight) Zahlbr. perfossa Stirt. periptera Knight pezizoides (Web.) Trevis var. pulverulenta Zahlbr. pityrea (D.G.) Degel. prolifera Mull. Arg. prolificans (Mull. Arg.) Vain. pycnophora (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. rubiginosa (Thunb.) Del. var. lanuginosa Zahlbr. subimmixta Knight PARMELIA Ach. adpicta Zahlbr. arnoldii Du Rietz borreri (Sm.) Turn. caperat a (L.) Ach. carporrhizans Hook. f. and Tayl. cetrarioides (Del. ex Duby.) Nyl. cetrata Ach. var. corniculata (Kremp.) Mull. Arg.

cetrata Ach. var. exornata Zahlbr. ciliosa (V.Gr.M.) Gyeln. conspersa (Ach.) Ach. (forms) var. eradicata (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. crambidiocarpa Zahlbr. crinita Ach. epheboides Zahlbr. erimis (Nyl.) Hillm. fur cat a Mull. Arg. glabra (Schaer.) Nyl. glomellijera (Nyl.) Nyl. laevigata (Sm.) Ach. latissima Fee linkolae Gyeln. minuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. molliuscula Ach. mougeotii Schaer. f. mougeotina (Nyl.) Gyeln. nilgherrensis Nyl. olivaria (Ach.) Th. Fr. omphalodes (L.) Ach. otagensis Zahlbr. panniformis (Nyl.) Vain. perforata (Wulf.) Ach. —■ var. ulophylla Mey. et Flot. perlata (Huds.) Ach. var. ciliata (D.G.) Duby. • var. macrocarpa Mull. Arg. var. platyloba Mull. Arg. petriseda Zahlbr. pilosella (Arn.) Hue var. excrescens (Arn.) Hue. pomifera Zahlbr. prolixa (Ach.) Rohl. var. pockornyi (Korber) Zahlbr. pubescens (L.) Vain. f. reticulata (Wulf) A. L. Smith pyracea (L.) Vain. reticulata Tayl. revoluta Florke rudecta Ach. rutidota Hook. f. et Tayl. —■ f. sorediosa Mull. Arg. - var. vestita Zahlbr. saxatilis (L.) Ach. ■— var. aizoni Del. var. ochroleuca Kremp. schweinfurthii Mull. Arg. signifera Nyl. f. pallidior Zahlbr. sinuosa Ach. stramineonitens Zahlbr. subalbicans Stirt. subrudecta Nyl. subtiliacea Nyl. var. pulverulenta sulcata Tayl. tenuirima Hook. f. and Tayl. —• var. corallina Mull. Arg. - var. labrosa Zahlbr. - var. nudior Nyl. var. platyna Zahlbr. tasmanica Hook. f. and Tayl. testacea Stirt. tiliacea Ach. tinctorum Despr. trichotera Hue (?) waiporiensis Hillm.

PARMELIELLA Mull. Arg. amphibola (Knight) Mull. Arg. apiculata (Knight) Mull. Arg. biatorina (Knight) Mull. Arg. corallinoides (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. gay ana (Mont.) Mull. Arg. var. melacarpina (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. gymnocheila (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. melaclina Mudd. microphylla (Sw.) Mull. Arg. mucorina Zahlbr. nigrocincta (Mont.) Mull. Arg. var. obliterans Mull. Arg. pycnophora (Nyl.) Santes. thysanota (Stirt.) Zahlbr. variegata (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. PARMENTARIA Fee astroidea Fee gregalis (Knight) Mull. Arg. microspora Mull. Arg. prostrata (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. pyrenastroides (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. subplana (Knight) Miill. Arg. subumbilicata Miill. Arg. PELTIGERA Pers. canina (L.) Willd. var. rufescens (Weis.) Mudd. f. innovans (Korber) Thomson var. spuria (Ach.) Schaer. f. sorediata Schaer. dolichorrhiza (Nyl.) Nyl. var. nana (Nyl.) Murray horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. var. muscorum Schaer. f. albidopruinosa Murray malacea (Ach.) Funck. nigripunctata Bitt. pellucida (Dietr.) Gyeln. f. dilacerata Gyeln. polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. var. magyarica (Gyeln.) Murray —■ var. polydactyloides (Nyl.) Degel. pusilla (Fr.) Korber scutata (Dicks.) Duby. virescens (Stirt.) Gyeln. - var. tasmanica Gyeln. PERTUSARIA D.G. adveniens Nyl. albissima Miill. Arg. alboatra Zahlbr. allanii Zahlbr. alpina Hepp. apud Ahles. amaurospora Hellb. ascripta Stirt. basaltica Zahlbr. callispora Zahlbr. ceuthocarpa (Sm.) Turn, et Borr. ceuthocarpoides Zahlbr. circumcincta Stirt. creberrima Stirt. cupularis Knight dinota Stirt. dunedina Zahlbr. erumpescens Nyl. galactina Zahlbr.

graphica Knight —■ var. tardiva Zahlbr. knightiana Mull. Arg. laevis Knight lavata Mull. Arg. leioplaca (Ach.) D.G. leucodes Kremp. leucodioides Mull. Arg. limescens Zahlbr. melaleuca (Turn, et Borr.) Duby. var. octospora Mull. Arg. var. heterochroa (Mull. Arg.) Stirt. melaleucoides Mull. Arg. var. octospora Mull. Arg. melanospora Nyl. microspora Kremp. nothofagi Zahlbr. novae-zelandiae Szat. obvelata Nyl. ocellata Korber panyrga Mass. paraensis Mull. Arg. patagonica Mull. Arg. perfida Nyl. perrimosa Nyl. simulans Zahlbr. sorodes Stirt. subcommunis Nyl. subvaginata Nyl. subverrucosa Kremp. superba Zahlbr. tetrathalamia (Fee) Nyl. var. major (Mull. Arg.) Mull. Arg, theochroa Kremp. thomsoniana Zahlbr. truncata Kremp. PHAEOGRAPHINA Mull. Arg. confraga Mull. Arg. mesographa (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. scalpturata (Ach.) Mull. Arg. PHAEOGRAPHIS Mull. Arg. alba (Kn.) Mull. Arg. alba (Knight) Mull. Arg. inusta (Ach.) Miill. Arg. rugosa (Knight) Miill. Arg. strigata (Knight) Miill. Arg. PHAEOTREMA Mull. Arg. attenuatum (Knight) Miill. Arg. PHLOEOPANNARIA Zahlbr. athrophylla (Stirt.) Zahlbr. PHLYCTELLA Kremp. abstrusa Kremp. var. pallidula Miill. Arg. atropa Nyl. autaxia Nyl. cyrtospora (Knight) Miill. Arg. neozelandiae (Knight) Nyl. ocellata (Knight) Miill. Arg. oleosa (Stirt.) Miill. Arg. pityrodes Kremp. sordida (Knight) Miill. Arg. stromatophora (Knight) Miill. Arg. uncinata (Stirt.) Miill. Arg.

PHYLLOPORINA Mull. Arg. asplenii Zahlbr. cerina Zahlbr. chrysophora (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. epiphylla Mull. Arg. lamprocarpa (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. leptalea Mull. Arg. rufula Mull. Arg. PHYLLOPSORA Mull. Arg. aleuroides (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. parvifolia (Pers.) Mull. Arg. wellingtonh (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. PHYSGIA Ach. adscandens (Th. Fr.) Oliv. adglutinata (Ach.) Nyl. albicans (Pers.) Thomson caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe. crispa Nyl. (= P. albicans (Pers.) Thomson?) incavata Stirt. integrata Nyl. var. sorediosa Vain. mougeotii Schaer. obscura (Ehrh.) Hampe. var. ciliata (Hoff.) Tuck. obscuriuscula Nyl. orbicularis (Neck.) Thomson picta (Sw.) Nyl. plinthiza Nyl. pulverulenta (Schreb.) Hampe. var. venusta (Ach.) Nyl. regalis Zahlbr. stellaris (L.) Nyl. —■ var. venusta (Ach.) Nyl. var. rosulata (Ach.) Hue. synthalea Knight tenuisecta Zahlbr. tremens Zahlbr. tribacea (Ach.) Nyl. PHYSMA Mass. reticulatum Zahlbr. PILOPHORON (Tuck.) Th. Fr. cariosum Hue. colensoi (Bab.) Knight PLACOPSIS Nyl. alphoplacoides Lamb. ■ — var. clavifera Lamb. dennanensis (Zahlbr.) gelida(L.) Nyl. gelidoides D.R. ex Lamb. illita (Knight) Lamb. parallina (Nyl.) Lamb. f. ampliata Lamb. f. argillacea (Knight) Lamb. var. carnea (Ras.) Lamb. f. subcribellans Lamb. perrugosa (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. var. brevilobata Zahlbr. rhodocarpa (Nyl.) Nyl. rhodophthalma (Mull. Arg.) Ras. —• f. argillacea (Knight) Zahlbr. salazina Lamb.

tararuana Zahlbr. tr achy derma (Kremp.) James var. clavifera (Lamb.) James PLAGYNTHIUM G. Gray nigrum (Huds.) S. Gray POLYBLASTIA (Mass.) Lonnr. trachyspora Mull. Arg. POLYGHIDIUM Mass. muscicola (Sw.) S. Gray PORINA Ach. albicascens (Knight) Mull. Arg. albinula Mull. Arg. cinereonigrescens (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. desquamescens (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. emiscens Mull. Arg. indulata Mull. Arg. leptaleina (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. leptostegia (Knight) Mull. Arg. mastoidea (Ach.) Mull. Arg. metabletica (Knight) Mull. Arg. nucula Ach. retifera (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. retrospiciens (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. rhodinula Zahlbr. saxicola (Knight) Mull. Arg. spilophaena Kremp. subsimplicans (Knight) Mull. Arg. triblasta Mull. Arg. PROTOBLASTENIA (Zahlbr.) Stein rupestris (Scop.) Stein.PSEUDOGYPHELLARIA Vain. amphisticta (Knight) argyracea (Del.) Vain. f. isidiophora (Nyl.) Magn. astictina (Nyl.) Hellb. aurata (Ach.) Vain. —■ var. angustata (Del.) Tavares billardieri (Del.) Ras. f. lacinulata (Mull. Arg.) carpoloma (Del.) Vain. cellulifera (Hook. f. and Tayl.) Gyeln. chloroleuca (Hook, f.) D.R. f. isidioloma (Nyl.) ; cinnamomea (Rich.) Vain. colensoi (Nyl.) Vain. var. pinnatifida (Hook, f.) condensata (Zahlbr.) coronata (Mull. Arg.) Malme crocata (L.) Vain. f. citrina (Pers.) Magn. f. esorediosa (Mull.. Arg.) Magn. delisea (Del.) dictyophora (Mull. Arg.) dissimulata (Nyl.) Vain. var. multifida (Laur.) diversa Stirt. dozyana Mont, et V.d.B. durvillei (Del.) Vain. elaphocera (Nyl.) Stitzenb. elatior (Stirt.) endochrysea (Del.) Vain. episticta (Nyl.) Vain. expansa (Stirt.) flavicans (Hook, f.) Vain.

flotowiana (Laur.) f. minor (Hue.) ■ —■ var. subcyphellata (Zahlbr.) fossulata (Duf.) Malme var. linearis (Hook. f. and Tayl.) ■ —- var. richardi (Mont.) foveolata (Del.) Malme fragillima (Bab.) f. dissecta (Hellb.) f. myrioloba (Hellb.) —■ var. lutescens (Nyl.) freycinetii (Del.) Malme. var. glabra (Hook. f. and Tayl.) Ras. var. prolifera (Mull. Arg.) glabra (Hook. f. and Tayl.) Dodge glaucolurida (Nyl.) glomulifera (Del.) grandis (Stirt.) granulata (Hook. f.) Malme hirta (Stirt.) homeophylla (Nyl.) hookeri (Nyl.) impressa (Hook. f. et Tayl.) Vain. var. lorifera (Stirt.) Lamb. internectens (Nyl.) intricata (Del.) Vain. —■ var. fimbriata (Zahlbr.) var. subargyracea (Nyl.) Magn. laciniata (Ach.) laevigata (Kremp.) livida (Kremp.) lividoviolacea (Stirt.) loriformis (Stirt.) mougeotiana (Del.) Vain. f. aurigera (Del.) Lamb. var. dissecta (Mull. Arg.) Magn. muelleriana (Zahlbr.) obvoluta (Ach.) Malme. perissa (Stirt.) physciospora (Nyl.) Malme polyschista (Mey. and Flot.) Zahlbr. psilophylla (Nyl.) richardii (Mont.) Ras. var. divulsa (Hue.) var. glauca (Bab.) Ras. rubella (Hook. f. et Tayl.) sinuosa (Pers.) subcrocea (Stirt.) suberecta (Stirt.) tomentosa Vain. verrucosa (Huds.) xantholoma (Del.) Dodge PSORELLA Mull. Arg. delusa (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. pannaroides (Knight) Mull. Arg. PSOROMA Nyl. allorhizum Nyl. aphthosum Vain. araneosum (Bab.) Nyl. asperellum (Nyl.) Nyl. beatum (Hue.) Zahlbr. caliginosum Stirt. ciliatum (Ach.) Hue. contextum Stirt. coralloideum Nyl. euphyllum Nyl. hypnorum (Vahl.) S. Gray

implexum Stirt. leprolomum (Nyl.) Ras. melanizum Zahlbr. pholidotum (Mont.) Mull. Arg. pholidotoides (Nyl.) Trevis. f. dispersum Szat. pyxinoides Nyl. rubiginosa Del. var. lanuginosa Zahlbr. soccatum R. Br. spectabile Zahlbr. sphinctrinum (Mont.) Nyl. var. crisp ellum Nyl. —■ var. dilatatum (Hue.) Zahlbr. var. dissecta Nyl. var. microphyllizans Nyl. xanthomelum Nyl. PSOROMARIA Nyl. descendens Nyl. PYRENOCOLLEMA Reinke. neo-zelandicum Zahlbr. PYRENULA Ach. amend Mass alba Bab. arthoniza (Knight) Mull. Arg. aspistea Afz. apud Ach. cinereoglauca Zahlbr. consociata Zahlbr. crassescens (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. cyrtospora (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. dealbata (Knight) Mull. Arg. deliquescens (Knight) Mull. Arg. knightiana Mull. Arg. kunthii (Fee) Fee laevigata (Pers.) Arn. mamillana (Ach.) Trev. var. erubescens Zahlbr. var. subconfluens Vain. moniliformis (Knight) Mull. Arg. nitida (Weig.) Ach. nitidella (Florke) Mull. Arg. occulta (Knight) Mull. Arg. straminescens Zahlbr. subpunctella (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. subtrahens (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. PYRGILLUS Nyl. crassus Murray RAMALINA Ach. allanii B. de Lesd. angulosa Laur. arabum (Ach.) Mey. and Flot. calicaris (L.) Rohl. crinalis (Ach.) Gyeln. dilacerata (Hoffm.) Vain. ecklonii (Spreng.) Mey. and Flot. var. membranacea (Laur.) Nyl. farinacea (L.) Ach. var. multifida Ach. fastigiata (Lilj.) Ach. geniculata Hook. f. and Tayl. inflata Hook. f. and Tayl. leiodea Nyl. var. condensata Zahlbr. linearis (Sw.) Ach.

pollinaria (Lilj.) Ach. var. humilis Ach. reticulata (Noehd.) Kremp. scopulorum (Retz.) Ach. - var. tenuis Kremp. usnea (L.) Howe Jr. RINODINA (Ach.) S. Gray cacaotina Zahlbr. conradii (Lonnr.) Korber. exigua (Ach.) S. Gray f. saxicola Anzi. lepida (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. macra Zahlbr. peloleuca (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. propior (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. sophodes (Ach.) Mass. subtubulata (Knight) Zahlbr. thiomela (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. tubulata (Knight) Zahlbr. xanthomelum Mull. Arg. RHIZOCARPON D.C. atrojlavellum (Nyl.) Lynge. atrovirens Korber convexulum Zahlbr. disporum (Naeg.) Mull. Arg. var. montagnei (Flot.) Zahlbr. geographicum (L.) D.G. var. atrovirens (L.) Korber var. contiguum (Schaer.) Ras. var. neo-zelandica (Knight) Ras. var. prothallinum (Korber) Th. Fr. grande (Florke) Am. lunulatum Zahlbr. petraeum (L.) Mass. thomsonii Zahlbr. f. fuscidulum Zahlbr. SAGENIDIUM Stirt. molle Stirt. tumidula (?) SCHISTATOMMA Mass. abietinum (Ehrh.) Mass. f. lecideinum Zahlbr. atratum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. constrictum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. myriommata (Knight) Zahlbr. occultum (Knight and Mitt.) Zahlb platygraphellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. SIPHULA Fr. decumbens Nyl. dissoluta Nyl. medioxima Nyl. pteruloides Nyl. rosellaeformis Leight. SOLORINA Ach. crocea (L.) Ach. SPHAEROPHORUS Pers. cuneatus (Stirt.) Murray globiferus (L.) Balb. globosus (Huds.) Vain. melanocarpus (Sw.) D.C. —• f. ramosissimus Murray —■ var. australis (Laur.) Murray (forms) var. scrobiculatus (Bab.) Murray

melanocarpus f. rnacrophyllus (Zahlbr.) Murray nobilis Zahlbr. stereocauloid.es Nyl. tener Laur. f. globosoides Murray SPHINGTRINA Fr. leucopoides Nyl. STAUROTHELE Norm. humistrata Zahlbr. lithina (Walbr.) Zahlbr. STEINERA Zahlbr. molybdophaea (Cromb.) Zahlbr. STEREOGAULON (Schreb.) Hoffm. corticatulum Nyl. denudatum (Hepp.) Florke var. umbonatum (Wallr.) Lamb. deter gens (Mull. Arg.) Nyl. fronduliferum Lamb. implexum Th. Fr. nesaeum (Kremp.) Nyl. proximum Nyl. var. macro car poides (Nyl.) Hue. f. traversii (Nyl.) Hue. pulvinare Dodge ramulosum (Sw.) Rausch. var. compressum Bab. —■ var. elegans Th. Fr. var. macro car poides (Kremp.) var. macrocarpum Bab. var. nudatum Mull. Arg. STIGTA Schreb. amplificata Zahlbr. cinereoglauca Hook. f. and Tayl. var. angustifolia var. hilaris Zahlbr. var. viridis Zahlbr. condensata Zahlbr. coriacea Hook. f. et Tayl. f. beckettii (Stirt.) Zahlbr. f. elaphocera (Nyl.) Zahlbr. f. vestitula Zahlbr. damaecornis (Sw.) Ach. efflorescens Zahlbr. filix (Sw.) Nyl. fuliginosa (Dicks.) Am. insculpta Zahlbr. f. thouarsii Mudd. lacera (Hook. f. and Tayl.) latifrons Rich. var. dissecta Mull. Arg. - var. menziesii Bab. limbata Ach. mulleriana Zahlbr. sinuosa Pers. var. microphylla Mull. Arg. subcaperata Nyl. sub coriacea Nyl. tomentosa Nyl. variabilis (Bory) Ach. var. cinerata Zahlbr. weigelii (Ach.) Vain. STRIGULA Fr. africana Vain. complanata (Fee) Mont.

TELOSGHISTES Norm. chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. f. cinereus (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. f. denudatus (Hoffm.) Mull. Arg. f. subinermis (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. var. fornicatus Mull. Arg. f. flavidoalbidus (Kremp.) Malme. expallens Murray fasciculatus Hillm. var. nodulosus Murray flavicans (Sw.) Norm. —■ var. compressus Murray sieberianus (Laur.) Hillm. velifer Wilson xanthorioides Murray THAMNOLIA Ach. subuliformis (Ehrh.) Culb. vermicularis (Sw.) Ach. THELIDIUM Mass. calcareum (Knight) Hellb. neo-zelandicum Zahlbr. THELOTREMA (Ach.) Mull. Arg. lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. novae-zelandiae Szat. periphysatum Zahlbr. THYSANOPHORON Stirt. stereocauloides (Nyl.) Sato TONINIA (Mass.) Th. Fr. amphitropa (Nyl.) Hellb. bullata (Mey. et Flot.) Zahlbr. coeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th. Fr. tumidula (Sm.) Zahlbr. TREMOTYLIUM Nyl. occultum Stirt. suboccultum Stirt. TRYPETHELIUM Spreng. phlyctaena Fee var. pyrenuloides (Knight) Zahlbr. pulcherrimum Fee UMBILIGARIA Hoffm. corrugata Hoffm. cylindrica (L.) Del. f. fimbriata Nyl. deusta (L.) Baumg. Du Rietzii Frey. hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. polyphylla (L.) Baumg. —■ f. lacera Leight. tornata Vain. vellea (L.) Ach. USNEA Wigg. angulata Hook. f. and Tayl. arida Motyka articulata (L.) Hoffm. —■ var. asperula Mull. Arg. var. tenuior Nyl.

aurescens Motyka australis Fr. capillacea Motyka ceratina Ach. ciliifera Motyka contexta Motyka subsp. pellucida Motyka dasypoga (Ach.) Rohl. emend Motyka dichotoma (Fr.) Hoffm. flexilis Stirt. florida (L.) Wigg. glomerata Motyka himanthodes Stirt. hirta (L.) Wigg. emend Motyka implicata (Stirt.) Zahlbr. inermis Motyka intercalaris Kremp. longissima Ach. lutescens Stirt. (?) lyngei Motyka meridionalis Zahlbr. molliuscula Stirt. oncodes Stirt. perplexans Stirt. pellucida Motyka pusilla Motyka rubescens Stirt. var. subrubescens Stirt. simplex Motyka societatis Vain (?) spilota Stirt. straminea (Mull. Arg.) emend Motyka subleprosa Motyka subpectinata Stirt. tenerior (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. torquescens Stirt. toruloso (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. trichodea Ach. (emend Motyka) xanthopoga Nyl. VERRUGARIA (Wigg.) Th. Fr. adguttata Zahlbr. i. aucklandica Zahlbr. durietzii Lamb. glabra Ach. lacrimans Zahlbr. maura Wahlbr. f. arachtinoid.es Vain. nitida Weig. otagensis Zahlbr. rupestris Schrad. submargyracea Knight. XANTHORIA (Fr.) Th. Fr. aurea (Rich.) Mull. Arg. novozelandica Hillm. parietina (L.) Th. Fr. (forms) var. adpressa Mereshk. - var. aureola Rostr. —■ var. ectanea (Ach.) Kickx. var. incavata (Stirt.) Murray. spinosa (Hook. f. and Tayl.) Du Rietz. XYLOGRAPHA Fr. perangusta Mull. Arg. perparvula Mull. Arg.

Synonyms

Alectoria minuscula Nyl. = Anaptychia heterochroa Vain. = Arthonia astroidea Ach. = confiuens Fee = gregaria (Weig.) Korber = lecideoides Th. Fr. ■ perparvula Stirt. = platygraphella Nyl. = pruinosa Ach. = Arthopyrenia alba (Schrad.) Zahlbr. = ■ beloniza Mull. Arg. = calcarea Mull. Arg. = macrocystophora Mull. Arg. = Arthothelium conspicuum (Nyl.) Nyl. = dispersum (D.C.) Mudd. = indistinctum Knight and Mitt. = ■ polymorpha Mull. Arg. = ■ ■ subramulosum Mull. Arg. = Bacidia pedicellata Knight = rhodocarpa Knight = spodolaeina Knight = stenoporina Hellb. = subscripta Knight = Biatorinopsis diluta Mull. Arg. = myriadella Mull. Arg. = pallidula Mull. Arg. = Blastenia ferruginea Mass. = subtubulata Knight = tubulata Knight = Buellia atroflavella Nyl. = meiosperma (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. = myriocarpa (D.C.) De Not. = Byssocaulon filamentosum Nyl. = Callopisma aurantiacum (Anzi) Mass. = cerinum (Hepp.) Mass. = homologum Mull. Arg. = inclinans Mull. Arg. = ■ pallidus (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. = ■ pyraceum (Nyl.) Stein. = Candelaria epixantha Sandst. = Cladonia endoxantha Vain. = mitrula Tuck. = pycnoclada (Gaud.) Nyl. (N.Z. records) = ——— reticulata (Russ.) Vain. = Coccocarpia gay ana (Mont.) Nyl. = melacarpina Nyl. = Collema furvum (Ach.) D.C. = subplicatile Nyl. = Cornicularia aculeata (Schreb.) Ach. = sarmentosa D.C. = var. crinalis Nyl. = Dermatocarpon aquaticum (Weis.) Zahlbr. = Endocarpon hepaticum Ach. = rufescens Ach. = Graphis assimilis Nyl. = sophistica Nyl. = Gyalecta carneola (Ach.) Hellb. = cupularis Schaer. =

Parmelia minuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. Anaptychia hypoleuca var. colorata (Muehl.) Vain. Arthonia radiata Ach. f. astroidea Ach. Graphina confluens Mull. Arg. Arthonia cinnabarina (D.G.) Walbr. Arthonia arthonioides A. L. Smith Xylographa perparvula Mull. Arg. Schismatomma platygraphella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Arthonia impolita Borr. apud Hook. f. and Sowerby Arthopyrenia gemmata (Ach.) Mass. Leptorhaphis beloniza (Stirt.) Hellb. Thelidium calcareum (Knight) Hellb. Leptorhaphis macrocystophora (Knight) Hellb. Arthonia conspicua Nyl. dispersa Nyl. distincta Knight et Mitt. polymorpha Ach. subramulosa (Knight and Mitt.) Mull. Arg. Bacidia buchanani (Knight) Hellb. rosellocarnea Knight millegrana Zahlbr. stenospora Knight albidoplumbea Hellb. Microphiale diluta (Miill. Arg.) Zahlbr. Gyalecta myriadella (Miill. Arg.) Hellb. Microphiale pallidula (Miill. Arg.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca ferruginea Th. Fr. Rinodina subtubulata (Knight) Zahlbr. tubulata (Knight) Zahlbr. Rhizocarpon atroflavellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Buellia disciformis var. meiosperma Stirt. punctata (Hoffm.) Mass. Crocynia gossypinna var. filamentosum Caloplaca aurantiaca Th. Fr. cerina Th. Fr. homologa Hellb. inclinans Hellb. pallidior (Nyl.) ———■ pyracea Th. Fr. Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. Cladonia hypoxantha Tuck. capitata (Michx.) Spreng. leptoclada Des. Abb. Boryi Tuck. Parmeliella gayana (Mont.) Miill. Arg. melaclina Mudd. Collema tunaeformis Ach. Leptogium plicatile Leight. var. firmum Oliv. Cornicularia tenuissima Zahlbr. Alectoria sarmentosa Ach. ———■ ochroleuca Mass. var. crinalis Nyl. Dermatocarpon fluviatile (Web.) Th. Fr. hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. rufescens (Ach.) Th. Fr. Graphis intricata Fee Graphina platycarpa (Eschw.) Zahlbr. Pachyphiale cornea Poetsch. Gyalecta jenensis (Batsch.) Zahlbr.

Lecanora albella Ach. flavidofulva Mull. Arg. — flavovirescens Duby. pallescens Hue. parella Ach. ■ peloleuca Nyl. rupestris Nyl. punicea Ach. pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. sophodes Ach. ■ subfusca Ach. var. allophana Ach. var. bryontha Hazsl. subgranulata Nyl. tartarea Ach. thiomela Nyl. vallata Stirt. Lecidea abietina Ach. var. saxicola Bab. albicerata Kremp. aleuroides Stirt. —— ■ allotropa Nyl. amphitropa Nyl. anceps Nyl. ■ anomala Ach. ■ arceutina (Ach.) S. Gray athallina Merr. ——- baliola Nyl. caesiopallens Nyl. — var. amenior Nyl. carneola Ach. ceroplasta Bab. cinnabarina Fee coeruleonigrigans (Schaer.) Th. Fr. concinnior Stirt. confluens (Wigg.) Ach. ■— corroborans Stirt. consanguinea Hue. decolorans Florke. deposita Nyl. desmaspora Knight disciformis Nyl. domingensis Nyl. endoleuca Nyl. epiphysa Stirt. flavidoatra Nyl. fuscolutea Ach. gilvorufella Nyl. grossa Pers. Lecidea hemitropa Nyl. insidens Stirt. interponens Nyl. lenticularis Ach. leucoplacoides Kremp. —— leucothalamia (Spreng.) Nyl. maculosa Stirt. mamillaris Fr. melaclina Nyl. melanotropa Nyl. melasema Nyl. millegrana Nyl. monospora Knight ■ ■ mutata Nyl. nidulans Stirt.

= Lecanora pallida Rabh. = pallidocerina Nyl. = Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulf.) D. T. et Sarnth. = Ochrolechia parellula Zahlbr. = parella Mass. = Rinodina peloleuca (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. = Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) Stirt. = Haematomma punicea (Ach.) Mass. = Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Mass. = Lecanora allophana Rohl. = subfusca Ach. var. hypnorum Rabh. = subfusca Ach. var. subgranulata Nyl. = Ochrolechia tartarea Mass. = Rinodina thiomela (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. = Lecania vallata (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. = Schismatomma abietinum Mass. = -———- —f. lecideinum Zahlbr. = Bacidia albicerata (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = Phyllopsora aleuroides (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. = Bacidia allotropa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Toninia amphitropa (Nyl.) Hellb. = Bacidia anceps Knight = Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Rehm. = Catillaria athallina (Hepp.) Hellb. = ■ ———■ nigroclavata (Nyl.) Shiel var. baliola Zahlbr. = caesiopallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = —•—■ var. amenior (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pachyphiale cornea Poetsch. = Bacidia ceroplasta (Bab.) Hellb. = Lecidea piperis (Spreng.) Nyl. var. erythroplaca (Fee) Kremp. = Toninia coeruleonigrigans (Schaer.) Th. Fr. = Bacidia concinnior (Stirt.) Hellb. = Blastenia confluens Mull. Arg. = Catillaria corroborans (Stirt.) Zahlbr. = Blastenia consanguinea Mull. Arg. = Lecidea granulosa Ach. = Bacidia deposita (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Biatorella desmaspora (Knight) Hellb. = Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd. = Bombyliospora domingensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Bacidia endoleuca (Nyl.) Kickx. = Biatorella epiphysa (Stirt.) Hellb. = Catillaria flavidoatra (Nyl.) Hellb. = Caloplaca jungermanniae (Vahl.) Th. Fr. = Bacidia gilvorufella (Nyl.) Hellb. = Catinaria leucoplaca (D.C.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria hemitropa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lopadium insidens (Stirt.) Hellb. = Bacidia macrospora (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr. = leucoplacoides (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = Bacidia leucothalamia (Nyl.) Hellb. = Catillaria maculosa (Stirt.) Zahlbr. = Toninia tumidula (Sm.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria melaclina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = melanotropa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Bacidia melasema Knight = ■ —■ millegrana (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lopadium monosporum (Knight.) Hellb. = Bacidia albidoplumbea (Hook. f. et Tayl.) Hellb. = nidulans (Stirt.) Zahlbr.

Lecidea nigritula Nyl. nubilior Stirt. otagensis Nyl. pachycarpa Fr. parasema Ach. var. elaeochroma Wahlb. parella Ach. parvifolia (Pers.) Mull. Arg. pauxilla Kremp. permutata Stirt. persistens Nyl. phaeomma Nyl. ——— planella Nyl. plesia Knight ■ praelucida Kremp. pseudophana Nyl. punicea Ach. pyracea Nyl. pyrophthalma Nyl. radomma Nyl. rhiparabola Nyl. rosella Ach. rosellocarnea Nyl. ■ rosellopallida Nyl. rupestris Ach. semipallida Nyl. sphaeroides (Dicks.) Rohl. spodophana Nyl. stellulata Tayl. subbacillifera Nyl. subglobulata Knight subrosella Nyl. subrubella Nyl. subsimilans Nyl. superula Nyl. tabacina Kremp. thiomela Nyl. trachona Nyl. tuberculosa Fee vallata Stirt. ■ venustula Stirt. vesicularis Ach. Lobaria scrobiculata (Scop.) D.C. Megalospora dispora Knight Melanotheca ornata Mull. Arg. Melaspilea metabola Nyl. Microphiale lutea (Schaer.) Zahlbr. Opegrapha atrata Pers. constricta Kremp. myriommata Knight occulta Knight, et Mitt. pleistophragmoides Mull. Arg. prominula Knight et Mitt. subfarininosa (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. tumidula Fee Pannaria apiculata Knight. brunnea Mass. holospoda Nyl. immixta Nyl. pholidota Hue. rubiginosa Del. var. conoplea Korber. var. prolifera Mull. Arg. thysanota Stirt. Parmelia probosoidea Tayl.

= Buellia schaereri De Not. = Bacidia nubilior (Stirt.) Hellb. = otagensis (Nyl.) Hellb. = Bombyliospora incana (Del.) A. L. Smith = Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd. = lauri-cassia (Fee) Mull. Arg. = Ochrolechia parella Mass. = Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Mull. Arg. = Catillaria synothea (Kremp.) Belth. = Bacidia permutata (Stirt.) Hellb. = Lecidea atrofusca var. persistens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lopadium monosporum (Knight) Hellb. = Microphiale planella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 5= Bacidia plesia (Knight) Zahlbr. = praelucida (Kremp.) Hellb. = pseudophana (Nyl.) Hellb. sb Haematomma punicea (Ach.) Mass. = Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. ss Catillaria pyrophthalma (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Blastenia radomma (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria rhiparabola (Nyl.) Zahlbr. ss Bacidia rosella (Pers.) De Not. ss rosellocarnea Knight = albidoprasina Knight = Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) Stirt. sb Catillaria semipallida (Nyl.) Zahlbr. bs Lecanora rupicola (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. ss Catillaria spodophana (Nyl.) Zahlbr. b= Buellia stellulata (Tayl.) Mudd. = Bacidia subbacillifera (Nyl.) Hellb. = Lecidea meiospora Nyl. = Bacidia subrosella (Nyl.) Hellb. = subrubella (Nyl.) Hellb. = subsimilans (Nyl.) Hellb. = superula (Nyl.) Hellb. = Lecidea tabacodes (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = Rinodina thiomela (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. = Bacidia trachoma (Ach.) Lettau. = Bombyliospora tuberculosa (Fee) Mass. = Lecania vallata (Stirt.) = Lopadium venustulum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. = Toninia coeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = Lobaria verrucosa (Huds.) Hoffm. ss Mycoblastus hypomelinus (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. = Melanotheca connivens (Stirt.) Zahlbr. bs Melampydium metabolum (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. = Dirtierella lutea (Dicks.) Trevis. = Schismatomma atratum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. ss constrictum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = ——— myriommata (Knight) Zahlbr. ss _—— occultum (Knight et Mitt.) Zahlbr. = Lecanactis pleistophragmoides (Nyl.) Hellb. = Opegrapha prominuloides Zahlbr. ss Melaspilea subeffigurans (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. ss Lecanactis subfarinosa (Knight.) Hellb. = Graphis cinerea Fee = Parmeliella apiculata (Knight.) Mull. Arg. = Pannaria pezizoides Trevis. = subimmixta Knight. = atrofumosa Knight. =s Psoroma pholidotum (Mont.) Mull. Arg. = Pannaria rubiginosa var. lanuginosa Zahlbr bs Pannaria prolifera Mull. Arg. = Parmeliella thysanota Zahlbr. Parmelia crinita Ach.

Parmeliella muscorum Mull. Arg. triptophylla Mull. Arg. Peltigera praetextata (Florke) Vain. Pertusaria antarctica Mull. Arg. globulifera Mass. granulata Mull. Arg. ■ —■ ——- krempelhuberi Mull. Arg. leioplaca var. octospora Nyl. Phlyctis autaxia Nyl. Physma pannarinum Mull. Arg. rigens Mull. Arg. Physcia ciliata D.R. crispa (Ach.) D.C. elaeina A. L. Smith leucomela Michx. speciosa Nyl. Placodium albescens D.C. fulgens D.C. miniatum Frege. ——— murorum D.C. thaumastrum Mull. Arg. Platygrapha longifera Nyl. mecistospora Knight. Porina endochrysea Bab. ——-—• lamprocarpa May Psoroma descendens Nyl. lanuginosum May. —• subpruinosum Nyl. Pyrenopsis granatina Nyl. Pyrenula bonplandii Fee glabrata Mass. Ramalina calicaris var. pusilla Hook. f. retiformis Menz. usneoides Mont. yemensis (Ach.) Nyl. Rinodina paupercula Mull. Arg. Rhizocarpon montagnei Korber. Siphula moorii Zahlbr. subcoriacea (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. Sphaeromphale umbrina Mudd. Steinera glaucella Zahlbr. Stereocaulon colensoi Bab. Sticta laevigata Kremp. limbata var. subflavida Bab. pubescens Mull. Arg. subcaperata Nyl. subvariabilis Nyl. Thalloidima amphitropum Mull. Arg. mamillare Mass. vesiculare Mass. Thelotrema monosporum Kremp. var. patulum Harm. saxatilis Knight.

= Massalonga carnosa Korber. = Parmeliella corallinoides Zahlbr. = Peltigera canina var. rufescens (Weis). Mudd. f. innovans (Korber.) Thomson = Ochrolechia antarctica Darb. = Pertusaria panyrga Mass. = paraensis Mull. Arg. = subverrucosa Nyl. = ——— alpina Hepp. apud Ahles. = Phlyctella autaxia Nyl. = Lempholemma pannarinum (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Leptogium rigens Nyl. = Physcia obscura (Ehrh.) Hampe. var. ciliata Tuck. = albicans (Pers.) Thomson = adglutinata (Ach.) Nyl. = Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) Vain. = speciosa (Wulf.) Mass. = Lecanora albescens Florke == Caloplaca fulgens (Sw.) Korber. = murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. var. miniata (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = Placopsis perrugosa Nyl. = Phlyctella atropa Nyl. = Lecanactis pleistophragmoid.es Hellb. = Clathroporina endochrysea (Bab.) Mull. Arg. = Phylloporina lamprocarpum (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. = Psoromaria descendens Nyl. = Pannaria rubiginosa Del. var. lanuginosum Zahlbr. = Psoroma araneosum (Bab.) Nyl. = Lecanora granatina Sommerf. Pyrenula aspistea Afz. apud Ach. = laevigata (Pers.) Am. = Ramalina inflata (Hook. f. and Tayl.) var. gracilis (Bab.) Mull. Arg. = reticulata (Nochd.) Kremp. = usnea (L.) Howe Jr. = ecklonii (Spreng.) Mey. and Flot. Rinodina conradi (Lonnr.) Korber. = Rhizocarpon disporum (Naeg.) Mull. Arg. var. montagnei (Flot.) Zahlbr. = Siphula pteruloides Nyl. (?) = decumbens Nyl. = Staurothele lithina (Wallbr.) Zahlbr. = Pannaria glaucella Tuck. = Pilophoron colensoi (Bab.) Knight. = Sticta filix var. laevigata Stzbg. = insculpta Zahlbr. f. thouarsii Mudd. = Mulleriana Zahlbr. = Pseudocyphellaria sinuosa Pers. var. macrophylla Mull. Arg. = polyschista (Mey. and Flot.) Zahlbr. = Toninia amphitropa (Nyl.) Hellb. = tumidula (Sm.) Zahlbr. = coeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = Leptotrema monosporoides (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. = patulum Mull. Arg. = monosporum (Nyl.) Mull. Arg.

Trypethelium bicolor Tayl. madreporiforme Eschw. obscurius Bab. Umbilicaria cylindrica f. tornata Usnea plicata A. L. Smith Verrucaria muralis Ach.

= Trypethelium phlyctaena Fee = Laurera madreporiforme (Eschw.) Riddle = • var. obscurior Zahlbr. = Umbilicaria tornata Vain. = Usnea ceratina Ada.. = Verrucaria rupestris Schrad.

Acknowledgments

My grateful thanks are extended to Dr E. J. Godley, Director of the Botany Division of the D.S.I.R. at Lincoln, and to Professor G. T. Baylis of the Botany Department, Otago University, for access to the libraries and herbaria of these institutions; and to the library staff of the Otago University Library for procuring on interloan literature not available locally.

References

Note: In his "Conspectus Systematicus Lichenum Novae-Zelandiae " (1894) Dr J. Miiller listed the authors whose papers he consulted in formulating his catalogue of New Zealand lichens, the following references are restricted to papers published since 1894.

Ahti, Teuvo, 1961. Taxonomic Studies on Reindeer Lichens {Cladonia, subgenus Cladina). Ann. Bot. Soc. Vanamo Vol. 32: 1, 1-160.

Des AbbayeSj H., 1939. Revision Monographique des Cladonia du sous-genre Cladina. Rennes. Allan, H. H., 1937. The Cladoniae of New Zealand. Report A.N.Z.A.A.S., 23: 337-8.

Bitter, G., 1901. Zur Morphologie und Systematik von Parmelia, untergattung Hypogymnia. Hedwigia XL, 171-274.

Hellbom, P. J., 1896. Lichenaea Neo-Zeelandica seu Lichens Novae-Zeelandiae. Bihang. Kgl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. xxi (111: 13) 1-150.

James, P. W., 1964. Forest Succession on Landslides above Lake Thomson, Fiordland (Lichens). N.Z. Jnl. Bot. 2: 1, 67-87.

Lamb., I. M., 1939. A Review of genus Neuropogon (Nees and Flot.) Nyl. Jnl. Linn. Soc. London (Bot.) 52: 199-239.

401-438.

Stereocaulon. Canad. Jnl. Bot. 29: 522-584.

—- 1963. Index Nominum Lichenum.

Magnus son, A., 1940. Studies in Species of Pseudocyphellaria, the crocata group. Meddel. Goteb. Bot. Tradg. 14: 1-36.

Martin, W., 1958. The Cladoniae of New Zealand. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 85: 4, 603-632. The Lichen genus Cladia. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. (Bot.) 3: 2, 7-12. Notes on some N.Z. species of Cladonia, with Descriptions of Two New Species, etc. Ibid. 2: 2, 39-44.

Motyka,, J., 1936-8. Lichenum generis Usnea studium monographicum, Pars. Systematica. Vols. 1 and 2, 1-651.

Muller, J., 1894. Conspectus Systematicus Lichenum Novae-Zelandiae. Bull, de I'herbier. Bois. 11: 2-16, 17-114.

— 1896. Lichenes Colensoani, a Rev. Colenso in Nova-Zelandiae. Jnl. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 32: 197-208.

Murray, J., 1960. Studies of New Zealand Lichens. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 88: 177-185, 197-210, 381-399.

Jul. Bot. 1: 2, 221-235.

Stir-ton, J., 1897. On New Australian and New Zealand Lichens. Trans. N.Z. Inst, xxx, 382-393.

1899. On New Lichens from Australia and New Zealand. Ibid, xxxii, 70-82.

Vainio, E., 1887, 1894, 1897. Monographia Gladoniarum Universalis. Acta Soc. pro. Fauna et Flora, Fennica Vol. 4, Vol. 10, Vol. 14.

1898. Clathrinae herbarii Miilleri. Bull, de Vherb. Boissier 6; 752.

Zahlbruckner, A., 1921-1934. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis, Vols. 1-10.

William Martin, 27 Merchiston Street, Dunedin, E.l.