Oidium mangiferae (powdery mildew of mango)
Identity
- Preferred Scientific Name
- Oidium mangiferae Berthet
- Preferred Common Name
- powdery mildew of mango
- Other Scientific Names
- Acrosporium mangiferae Berthet
- Oidium erysiphoides f. mangiferae Berthet
- International Common Names
- Englishpowdery mildew: mango
- Spanishcenicilla del mangoniebla del mango
- Frenchblanc du manguieroidium du manguier
- Local Common Names
- GermanyMehltau: Mango
- EPPO code
- OIDIMA (Oidium mangiferae)
Pictures
Oidium mangiferae
Leaf symptoms
Scot Nelson
Oidium mangiferae
panicle symptoms
Scot Nelson
Oidium mangiferae
Powdery mildew of mango
Scot Nelson
Oidium mangiferae
Powdery mildew affecting mango plant
Cosmus Muli
Oidium mangiferae
Damage to mango inflorescence
Mary Musyoka
Oidium mangiferae
Dr. Parthasarathy Seethapathy, bugwood.org
Refer to Bugwood: http://www.bugwood.org/ImageUsage.html
Oidium mangiferae
Dr. Parthasarathy Seethapathy, bugwood.org
Refer to Bugwood: http://www.bugwood.org/ImageUsage.html
Distribution
Host Plants and Other Plants Affected
| Host | Host status | References |
|---|---|---|
| Mangifera | Unknown | Akhtar et al. (1999) Haq et al. (1994) |
| Mangifera indica (mango) | Main | Akhtar et al. (1998) |
Symptoms
Oidium mangiferae attacks the young tissue of all parts of the inflorescence, leaves and fruit. Infection shows initially as small patches of white powdery mycelium, which may later coalesce to cover large areas. On older leaves and fruit, infected tissue has a purplish-brown cast as the white growth weathers away (Mossler & Crane, 2009).
Leaves
Young infected leaves may become distorted. Grey necrotic lesions appear on the upper side of the leaf, and leaves tend to curl downwards (Verma and Sharma, 1999). Leaves may become brown and dry, and drop from the plant if disease is severe.
Inflorescences
Flowers are most susceptible to infection once they have begun to open on the panicles (3-5 weeks after budbreak) (Lonsdale and Kotze, 1993). Flowers and stalks can become severely infected. Sepals are more susceptible than petals. Infected flowers may fail to open and may drop from the panicle. Often inflorescences become completely covered by the mildew and eventually blacken (Burchill, 1978), or become brown and dry. Severe blossom infection can result in complete loss of fruit (Akhtar and Alam, 2000).
Fruits
As infected newly set fruit develop, the epidermis of the infected area cracks and corky tissue is formed (Joubert et al., 1993). The entire fruit may become covered by mildew. It is also reported that infected fruit may become yellow and misshapen (Verma and Sharma, 1999).
Initial infection with O. mangiferae is promoted by warm temperatures and moderate relative humidity, although development of the disease is favoured by cool, dry conditions (Gupta, 1989; Mossler and Crane, 2009).
The disease is spread by wind-borne conidia from other mango trees or from within an infected tree’s canopy (Nelson, 2008).
Oidium mangiferae survives from one season to the next as mycelium in dormant buds and as haustoria on old infected leaves (Akhtar & Alam, 2000).
List of Symptoms/Signs
| Symptom or sign | Life stages | Sign or diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| Plants/Fruit/abnormal shape | ||
| Plants/Fruit/discoloration | ||
| Plants/Fruit/extensive mould | ||
| Plants/Fruit/lesions: black or brown | ||
| Plants/Fruit/malformed skin | ||
| Plants/Fruit/premature drop | ||
| Plants/Fruit/reduced size | ||
| Plants/Inflorescence/black fungal spores | ||
| Plants/Inflorescence/blight; necrosis | ||
| Plants/Inflorescence/discoloration (non-graminaceous plants) | ||
| Plants/Inflorescence/distortion (non-graminaceous plants) | ||
| Plants/Inflorescence/fall or shedding | ||
| Plants/Inflorescence/twisting and distortion | ||
| Plants/Leaves/abnormal forms | ||
| Plants/Leaves/abnormal leaf fall | ||
| Plants/Leaves/fungal growth | ||
| Plants/Leaves/necrotic areas | ||
| Plants/Stems/mould growth on lesion | ||
| Plants/Stems/mycelium present |
Prevention and Control
Prevention
SPS measures
Many countries have brought in quarantine procedures against a number of mango pathogens, including Oidium mangiferae. Measures include washing, fungicide application prior to export and hot water treatment.
Control
Cultural control and sanitary measures
Fallen infected leaves should be picked up and destroyed, as conidia can survive for a period of time on fallen debris. Severely infected panicles should be removed. Pruning of mango trees to improve air circulation and removal of tall weeds are useful measures to help reduce the incidence of the disease in an orchard. Intercropping with other fruit trees or forestry species reduces the ease with which the disease can spread (Nelson, 2008).
Foliar applications of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a potassium-phosphate fertilizer, have proved effective in suppressing the development of powdery mildew in South Africa, and can be combined with fungicide application to reduce the cost of disease control (Oosthuyse, 2000).
In field trials in India, incidence of powdery mildew decreased with increasing rates of NPK application (Cheema and Malhi, 1986).
Biological control
A small number of potential biological control agents for Oidium mangiferae have been investigated, including pathogenic fungi and predatory mites. Ampelomyces quisqualis, which is capable of parasitizing O. mangiferae (Sztejnberg et al., 1989; Srivastava, 2000), is registered as a biopesticide.
Chemical Control
Due to the variable regulations around (de-)registration of pesticides, we are for the moment not including any specific chemical control recommendations. For further information, we recommend you visit the following resources:
•
EU pesticides database (http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/)
•
PAN pesticide database (www.pesticideinfo.org)
•
Your national pesticide guide
Impact
Oidium mangiferae is a serious disease of mango and can cause extremely high reductions in yield, mainly as a result of blossom infection (Joubert et al., 1993). Powdery mildew is widespread in India, where it causes significant crop losses; Prakash and Srivastava (1987) reported losses of 30-90% in Lucknow. In China the disease reduces yields by 20-30% (Li GuiZhen et al., 2003). Losses of 80-90% have been reported in South Africa (Brodrick, 1971; Kotze, 1985), while losses of up to 20% have been recorded in Florida in some seasons (Cook, 1975).
Oidium mangiferae is not reported to affect any other crops.
Information & Authors
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Copyright © CABI. CABI is a registered EU trademark. This article is published under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
History
Published online: 4 October 2022
Language
English
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