Diaporthe phaseolorum (lima bean pod blight)
Identity
- Preferred Scientific Name
- Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ell.) Sacc.
- Preferred Common Name
- lima bean pod blight
- Other Scientific Names
- Phoma phaseoli DESMAZ.
- Phoma subcircinata ELLIS & EVERH.
- Phoma subcirnata
- Phomopsis phaseoli
- Sphaeria phaseolorum COOKE & ELLIS
- International Common Names
- Englishleaf spot of Lima beanphomopsis cankerpod blight: beanstem blight: beanstem canker: bean
- Spanishchancro de la judia
- Frenchchancre du haricot
- EPPO code
- DIAPPH (Diaporthe phaseolorum)
Pictures
Symptoms
Diaporthe phaseolorum (lima bean pod blight); Field of soybean (Glycine spp.) with D. phaseolorum var. caulivora infection. August 2016.
©Derekjpotratz/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Symptoms
Soyabean foliar interveinal chlorosis and necrosis caused by D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis infection.
E.A Tappari
Damage symptoms on soyabean stems
Pod and stem blight pycnidia of Phomopsis longicolla and Diaporthe phaseolorum var sojae on soyabean stems.
Denis C. McGee/Iowa State University
Symptoms on soyabean stem
Reddish-brown lesions develop at the early reproductive stages. As the season progresses, lesions expand longitudinally.
Denis C. McGee/Iowa State University
Symptoms
Diaporthe phaseolorum (lima bean pod blight); D. phaseolorum var. caulivora symptoms on soybean (Glycine spp.) stem. March 2012.
©Daren Mueller, Iowa State University/via Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0
Symptoms
Soyabean stem canker caused by D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, showing delimited depressed lesion with reddish margins, typical of early stages of symptom appearance.
Rosanna Pioli
Canker on soyabean stem
Dark-brown to black, sunken cankers develop from lesions.
Denis C. McGee/Iowa State University
Symptoms
Diaporthe phaseolorum (lima bean pod blight); D. phaseolorum var. caulivora symptoms on soybean (Glycine spp.). August 2016.
©Derekjpotratz/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Symptoms
Soyabean stem canker caused by D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, showing coalescent and depressed lesion with reddish margin and scattered pycnidia typical of advanced stage of the disease.
E.A Tappari
Symptoms
Soyabean stem canker lesions caused by D. phaseolorum var. caulivora showing typical brown-reddish cankers extending longitudinally from the infected nodes to the rest of the stem.
Rosanna Pioli
Symptoms
Diaporthe phaseolorum (lima bean pod blight); D. phaseolorum var. caulivora symptoms on soybean (Glycine spp.). August 2016.
©Derekjpotratz/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Symptoms
Longitudinal section of a soyabean stem infected by D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis showing characteristic reddish-brown internal pith tissue below the external symptomatic areas.
E.A Tappari
Symptoms
(a) Soyabean stem showing perithecia (teleomorph fruiting body) grouped in caespitose clusters typical of D. phaseolorum var. caulivora (x30). (b) Close-up of a perithecial cluster. Blue arrow points to the yellowish drop just appearing at the end of a beak, previous to the release of ascospores (original x50).
Rosanna Pioli
Symptoms
Diaporthe phaseolorum (lima bean pod blight); D. phaseolorum var. sojae symptoms on soybean (Glycine spp.) stem. March 2012.
©Daren Mueller, Iowa State University/via Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0
Symptoms
Oblique section of soyabean stems at early (a) and advanced (b) stages of development of stem canker disease showing cortical parenchyma with different levels of necrosis. External pycnidia are evident in the advanced stage.
E.A Tappari
Symptoms
Diaporthe phaseolorum (lima bean pod blight); D. phaseolorum var. sojae symptoms on soybean (Glycine spp.) fruit. July 2002.
©Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series/via Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0
Perithecium beak
(a) Light micrograph of a perithecium beak of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis releasing asci stained with fuchsin (original x400). (b) Shows an eight-ascospored clavate ascus (original x1000). Mean ascus length and width were 39.5 ± 2,3 and 7.3 ± 0.5 mm, respectively (n=50).
Rosanna Pioli
Perithecia
Perithecia (teleomorph fruiting body) beaks of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis scattered on soyabean stem debris (original x30)
Rosanna Pioli
Ascocarp formation
Light micrograph of a transversal stem section stained with safranin fast green showing perithecia development of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis (x100). Different stages of ascocarp formation (a) and developing beaks emerging through the bark (b) are shown.
Rosanna Pioli
Perithecium
Light micrograph of isolated perithecium of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis (original x50). Arrow separates the stem included ascocarp (a) from the external visible beak (b).
Rosanna Pioli
Symptoms
Diaporthe phaseolorum (lima bean pod blight); D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis symptoms on soybean (Glycine spp.) stem and fruit. June 2012.
©Martin Draper, USDA-NIFA/via Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0
Micrograph
Light micrograph of soyabean epidermis peel off stained with fuchsin, showing sub-epidermal perithecia ascocarp and protruding perithecial beaks of D. phaseolorum var. caulivora (original x50).
Rosanna Pioli
Micrograph
Light micrograph of alpha conidia of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis stained with fuchsin (original x1000).
Rosanna Pioli
Micrograph
Light micrograph of eight-ascospored asci of D. phaseolorum var. caulivora stained with lugol (original x1000). Each ascus is surrounded by an evanescent membrane. Refractive rings can be distinguished at the clavate extremity of the ascus. Mean ascus length and with were 29.6 ± 1.3 and 6.1 ± 0.6mm, respectively (n=150).
Rosanna Pioli
Micrograph
Light micrograph of a transversal soyabean stem section stained with lugol. (a) Normal stem tissues with intact bark and pith cells containing abundant grains of starch (dark blue spots). (b) Infected tissue with the cortical parenchyma and pith distorted and lacking starch grains (original x400). (c) Enlarged inbox portion (arrowed) showing necrotic cells colonised by hyphae of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis (original x1000).
Rosanna Pioli
Micrograph
(a) soyabean stem showing immature (black arrow) and mature (white arrow) pycnidia (anamorph fruiting body) with typical cirrus of alpha conidia of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis (original x50). (b and c) Light micrographs of a transversal stem section stained with safranin fast green showing immature pycnidia (b) (original x100), and mature pycnidia releasing alpha conidia (c) (original x400).
Rosanna Pioli
Line artwork of D. phaseolorum
A, Vertical section of ascostroma; B, asci; C, ascospores; D, v. s. of pycnidium; E, conidiophores; F, conidia. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 336. CAB International, Wallingford, England.
©CABI BioScience
Distribution
Host Plants and Other Plants Affected
| Host | Host status | References |
|---|---|---|
| Brachyglottis repanda | Other | |
| Capsicum (peppers) | Unknown | |
| Glycine max (soyabean) | Unknown | Cummings and Bergstrom (2015) |
| Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Unknown | Vrandecic et al. (2009) |
| Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Other | |
| Lansium domesticum (langsat) | Unknown | Danggomen et al. (2013) |
| Phaseolus (beans) | Main | |
| Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) | Unknown | |
| Vicia faba (faba bean) | Unknown | |
| Vitis vinifera (grapevine) | Unknown | Úrbez-Torres et al. (2006) |
List of Symptoms/Signs
| Symptom or sign | Life stages | Sign or diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| Plants/Leaves/abnormal colours | ||
| Plants/Leaves/wilting | ||
| Plants/Leaves/yellowed or dead | ||
| Plants/Seeds/discolorations | ||
| Plants/Seeds/shrivelled | ||
| Plants/Stems/canker on woody stem | ||
| Plants/Stems/discoloration | ||
| Plants/Stems/discoloration of bark | ||
| Plants/Stems/internal discoloration | ||
| Plants/Whole plant/discoloration | ||
| Plants/Whole plant/early senescence | ||
| Plants/Whole plant/plant dead; dieback | ||
| Plants/Whole plant/wilt |
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © CABI. CABI is a registered EU trademark. This article is published under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
History
Published online: 16 November 2021
Language
English
Authors
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