Code
MIMINMimosa diplotricha Sauvalle
synonym | Mimosa invisa C.Mart. |
synonym | Mimosa invisa var. invisa |
synonym | Mimosa longisiliqua Lam. |
synonym | Mimosa rhodostachya (Benth.) Benth. |
synonym | Morongia pilosa Standl. |
synonym | Schrankia brachycarpa Benth. |
synonym | Schrankia pilosa (Standl.)J.F.Macbr. |
synonym | Schrankia rhodostachya Benth. |
Comorian |
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Créole Réunion |
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English |
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French |
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Malagasy |
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Other |
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Philippine languages |
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Global description
Mimosa diplotricha is a shrubby plant, prostrate or ascending with a lianescent tendency, reaching up to 1 to 2 m. The stem is covered with hairs and has many small curved spines. The leaves are alternate and consist of 3 to 10 pairs of leaflets which in turn consist of 11 to 30 pairs of divisions of the leaflets. The leaflets and the divisions of the leaflets are sensitive and close as soon as one touches them. The flowers are grouped in pink balls at the base of the leaves. Fruit are flat pods, elongated, curved, hairy and spurred, usually in compact groups of 5 to 20 pods.Cotyledons
The cotyledons are oval, with rounded top and slightly cordate base. They are sub-sessile, smooth and glabrous, dark green on the upper side and lighter on the other side.
First leaves
First leaves are alternate and compound. The first leaf is petiolate and has only 1 pinnae with 4 to 5 pairs of oblong smaller leaflets, asymmetric at the base and with finely ciliated margin. The following leaf is already made up of two pinnate.
General habit
Lianescent shrub with sensitive leaves, 1 to 2 m high.
Underground system
The root is a main taproot with very vigorous root system, which can form nodules with Rhizobium sp.
Stem
The stem is angular, solid, 5 mm in diameter and 1 to 2 m long, sarmentose to lianescent. It is rapidly lignified and branched at the base. It is slightly pubescent, the angles are abundantly covered with small, sharp, curved and yellow prickles.
Leaf
Leaves are alternate, compound, bi-pinnate, 10 to 20 cm long, held by a petiole of 4 to 6 cm long abundantly spurred on the lower face and pubescent. At the base of the petiole are erect stipules, lanceolate, 5 to 7 mm long. The leaves have 3 to 9 pairs of pinnate. Each can measure up to 6 cm, and consists of 11 to 30 pairs of sessile and opposite divisions of the leaflets. The lamina of the divisions of the leaflets is oblong to linear, 3 to 8 mm long and 1 to 1.5 mm wide. The base is asymmetrical, the apex rounded or wide angled. The faces are glabrous to weakly pubescent. The margin is entire, pubescent. The rachis has some spines on the underside. The leaves are sensitive and close at night, during drought period to avoid evapo-transpiration from the plant or as soon as you touch them.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is axillary or in terminal loose cluster. It comprises of 1 to 3 pink glomeruli, globose, compact, 5 to 10 mm diameter, held by a peduncle, 6 to 10 mm long. Each glomerulus includes a large number of small hermaphrodite sessile flowers.
Flower
Each glomerule consists of a large number of small hermaphrodite sessile flowers. The calyx is absent, the corolla is campanulate, 2 mm long. There are 8 stamens per flower and they have a red to pink filament, 8 to 16 mm long and white anther with a black top. The ovary is elongated.
Fruit
The fruit is a sessile pod, 2 to 3 cm long and 3.5 to 5 mm wide, dehiscent. It is linear, slightly curved, flattened and apiculate at the top. It is segmented to form 2 to 8 irregularly quadrangular article, containing a single seed. The valves are pubescent spurred mainly along the sutures. The pods form compact groups of 5 to 20 at the end of the peduncles.
Seed
Seed is ovoid, compressed, 2.5 to 3 mm long and 2 to 2,4 mm wide and 0.8 mm to 1 mm thick. The faces are convex. The seed coat is glabrous and shiny, brownish yellow in colour.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Life cycle
Mimosa diplotricha is a plant that can grow and produce fruit throughout the year.
Mayotte: Mimosa diplotricha flowers from April to June and fruits from June to July.
New Caledonia: Seed dormancy of Mimosa diplotricha is long (may exceed 50 years). They germinate rather at the beginning of the rainy season, the growth is fast, young seedlings can produce flowers and seeds in a few weeks. The dominant flowering period is in the dry season followed by fruiting in November-December.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Mimosa diplotricha is a biennial to perennial shrub that reproduces by its seeds in pods floating on the water and clinging to the clothing or coat of animals. These seeds are also often present in seed lots. A seed bank of about 1 million seeds per ha has been observed.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Growth form
Liana climbing structure
Leaf arrangement
Leaf type
Type of prefoliation
Compound leaf type
Latex
Stem section
Root type
Hollow or solid stem
Stipule type
Leaf attachment type
Fruit type
Pod type
Cotyledon type
Lamina base
Lamina margin
Lamina apex
Upperface pilosity
Upperface hair type
Lowerface pilosity
Lamina section
Lamina Veination
Flower color
Inflorescence type
Stem pilosity
Stem hair type
Life form
Look alikes
Comparison between Mimosa | ||
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M. pudica | M. diplotricha | |
Growth habit | creeping | lianescent |
Leaf-Number of pinnate | 1 to 2 pairs | 3 to 9 pairs |
Identification key for lianescent Fabaceae |
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Bi-pinnate leaves | 1 to 2 pairs of pinnate | Mimosa pudica | ||||||
3 to 9 pairs of pinnate | Mimosa diplotricha | |||||||
Pinnate leaves | Clitoria heterophylla | |||||||
Trifoliate leaves | Lateral leaflets are symmetrical | Leaflets elliptic or oval | Terminal leaflets similar to lateral leaflets | Teramnus labialis | ||||
Terminal leaftets larger than the lateral leaflets | Venation very marked | Cajanus scarabaeoides | ||||||
Venation slightly marked | leaflets > 10 mm | Desmodium adscendens | ||||||
leaflets < 10 mm | Desmodium triflorum | |||||||
Extremity of leaflets wedged | Leaflets narrowly lanceolate (2 cm) | Macroptilium lathyroides | ||||||
Large acuminate leaflets | Trigonal stem with scabrous angles | Desmodium intortum | ||||||
Cylindrical stem | Leaflets with a silver spot | petiolule 2 mm | Desmodium incanum | |||||
petiolule 5 to 15 mm | Desmodium uncinatum | |||||||
Leaflets uniform green | foliole terminale large (7 cm) | Centrosema pubescens | ||||||
Terminal leaflet very large (15 cm) | Centrosema plumieri | |||||||
Lateral leaflets asymmetrical | Terminal leaflet larger than its length | Rhynchosia malacophylla | ||||||
Terminal leaflet as large as its lenght | Large leaf (15 cm) | Rhynchosia viscosa | ||||||
Small leaf (7 cm) | Rhynchosia minima | |||||||
Terminal leaflets elongated | Lateral leaflets with a single rounded lobe | Macroptilium atropurpureum | ||||||
Lateral leaflet without lobe | large stipules (6 mm) | Lablab purpureus | ||||||
small stipules (2 mm) | Mucuna pruriens |
Desmanthus virgatus and Mimosa diplotricha can sometimes occurs in large mixed populations. These two species can then be confused for each other.
Comparison ofMimosa diplotricha and Desmanthus virgatus
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Mimosa diplotricha | Desmanthus virgatus | |
Stem | Prickles present | Ptickles absent |
Petiole | Prickles present | Ptickles absent |
petiole | No glands | Leaf gland at the top of the petiole |
Leaflets (nb) | 3 to 10 pairs | 1 to 4 pairs |
Sensitive leaflets | yes | no |
Divisions of the leaflets (nb) | 11 to 30 pairs | 6 to 15 pairs |
inflorescence | 1 to 3 dense, ovoid glomerules | 1 spherical tousled glomerule |
Flower | Pink | white |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Comoros: Mimosa diplotricha is a ruderal plant, found along roads in humid , clay or rocky sites, preferably in lighted areas. It occurs up to 600 m in altitudes in the three islands, particularly in the western part of Grande Comore.
Madagascar: A recently introduced species, extended in the Middle West. It invades dry crops in the valleys and on the plateau, the edge of the canals and the banks of rivers.
Mauritius: Species very rare on the island.
Mayotte: M. diplotricha is a widely naturalized exotic species and common in secondarized environments of hygrophilous and mesophilous regions such as edges, layons, stream banks, crops and pastures. It occurs occasionally in the xerophilous region in cuttings and quarries.
New Caledonia: It grows in many types of soils. It can not stand waterlogging of the soil even temporarily or significant shading.
Reunion: M. diplotricha is a ruderal plant found along the highways and hedges or gullies or headland. It prefers bright areas and low shade and tolerates poor or wet clay soils. It is present locally in the north of the island.
Seychelles: Absent.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habitat
Geographical distibution
Origin
Mimosa diplotricha is native to tropical America.Worldwide distribution
Mimosa diplotricha is widespread in all the humid tropics, equatorial Africa, Madagascar, Reunion, Mauritius, India, South-East Asia, North Australia, New-Caledonia, and Pacific islands.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global harmfulness
Mimosa diplotricha is one of 300 major invasive species in tropical Australia, the Indian Ocean and Oceania including New Caledonia. It promotes the passage of fire when it dies and dries out.
Local harmfulness
Comoros: Mimosa diplotricha is a very common weed in young plantations of cassava, banana and abandoned crops. It is a species that grows very quickly and makes removal difficult because of its sharp hooks.
Madagascar: A weed which is still of low to medium frequency but always abundant and very harmful for all rainfed crops. The infestation of this species also hinders access to fields and increases costs of maintenance of irrigation canals. .
Mauritius: This species is not present in crops.
Mayotte: Mimosa diplotricha is a fairly frequent weed (10% of cultivated plots). It is particularly present in fruit and vegetable crops.
New Caledonia: Introduced as a forage in 1944. It grows in many soil types. The bushy weed is very aggressive, rarely consumed by cattle, and is able to quickly invade large grazing areas, forming dense thickets.
Reunion: The presence of rhizobium can have a positive effect on culture (fixation of nitrogen from the air and return nitrogen to the ground for cultivation), but its aggressiveness its spines and its ability to invade quickly, makes it a potential dangerous weed for orchards and sugar cane fields. This weed is still very rare in cultivation, but relatively common and locally abundant in sugar cane fields in the northeast of the island of Sainte-Marie and Saint-Benoit.
Seychelles: Absent.
South Africa: Mimosa diplotricha causes crop and pasture production losses because it smothers crops, grassland and sugar cane.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global management
Biological control: In Australia, biological control against Mimosa diplotricha gave good results on grazing with Leucaena psyllid, Heteropsylla spinulosa.Local management
New Caledonia: Some young stands of Mimosa diplotricha can be controlled by overgrazing. Care should be taken to quarantine livestock having stayed in infested area so as not to contaminate free plots. Established adult populations may be brush cut each year before the seeds mature, debris should also be destroyed. However the plant regrows vigorously after cutting; the combination of spraying herbicide on re-growth may be more effective after several treatments. We will use active materials such as the association picloram + 2,4-D and fluroxypyr, which will spare the grass but that will affect forage legumes.
Madagascar: The thorns make Mimosa diplotricha very hard to control manually. Perennial plants require high doses of herbicide (glyphosate + 2,4-D). It is therefore very important to control them as soon as they start to form on the edges to prevent their spread, especially since they are very harmful.
Low thorny varieties of M. diplotricha and therefore quite easy to control can be used as cover for direct sowing.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=advenpac/especes/m/mimin/mimin_fr.html
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=997&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=FR
- Husson, O., H. Charpentier, F.-X. Chabaud, K. Naudin, Rakotondramanana et L. Séguy (2010). Flore des jachères et adventices des cultures. Annexe 1 : les principales plantes de jachères et adventices des cultures à Madagascar. In : Manuel pratique du semis direct à Madagascar. Annexe 1 - Antananarivo : GSDM/CIRAD, 2010 : 64 p.
- Blanfort V., Desmoulins F., Prosperi J., Le Bourgeois T., Guiglion R. & Grard P. 2010. AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. IAC, Cirad, Montpellier, France, Cédérom. http://idao.cirad.fr/applications
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/34196
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Huat, J., Nagy, M., Carpente, A., Schwartz, M., Le Bourgeois, T. & Marnotte, P. 2021. Guide de la flore spontannée des agrosystèmes de Mayotte. Montpellier, Cirad. 150 p.
- Invasives South Africa https://invasives.org.za/fact-sheet/giant-sensitive-plant/
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=advenpac/especes/m/mimin/mimin_fr.html
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=997&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=FR
- Husson, O., H. Charpentier, F.-X. Chabaud, K. Naudin, Rakotondramanana et L. Séguy (2010). Flore des jachères et adventices des cultures. Annexe 1 : les principales plantes de jachères et adventices des cultures à Madagascar. In : Manuel pratique du semis direct à Madagascar. Annexe 1 - Antananarivo : GSDM/CIRAD, 2010 : 64 p.
- Blanfort V., Desmoulins F., Prosperi J., Le Bourgeois T., Guiglion R. & Grard P. 2010. AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. IAC, Cirad, Montpellier, France, Cédérom. http://idao.cirad.fr/applications
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/34196
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Huat, J., Nagy, M., Carpente, A., Schwartz, M., Le Bourgeois, T. & Marnotte, P. 2021. Guide de la flore spontannée des agrosystèmes de Mayotte. Montpellier, Cirad. 150 p.
- Invasives South Africa https://invasives.org.za/fact-sheet/giant-sensitive-plant/
Clé d'identification des graines des principales adventices de La Réunion. Version 1 - 55 espèces
La flore des mauvaises herbes de la Canne à Sucre à La Réunion. Caractérisation à partir des témoins des essais d’herbicides. 2005-2016
Weeds of tropical rainfed cropping systems: are there patterns at a global level of perception?
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Mimosa%2520diplotricha
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Fabales |
Family | Fabaceae |
Genus | Mimosa |
Species | Mimosa diplotricha Sauvalle |