Code
PASSC
Growth form
grass
Biological cycle
vivacious
Habitat
terrestrial
synonym | Paspalum adelogaeum Steud. |
synonym | Paspalum akoense Hayata |
synonym | Paspalum amazonicum Trin. |
synonym | Paspalum auriculatum J.Presl |
synonym | Paspalum barbatum Schumach. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Paspalum barbatum Schumach., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Paspalum borbonicum Steud. |
synonym | Paspalum boscianum Flüggé |
synonym | Paspalum cartilagineum J.Presl |
synonym | Paspalum cartilagineum var. biglumaceum Fosberg & Sachet |
synonym | Paspalum coloratum Rich. ex Döll [Invalid] |
synonym | Paspalum coloratum Rich. ex Döll, pro syn. |
synonym | Paspalum commersonii Lam. |
synonym | Paspalum commersonii var. hirsutum Jansen |
synonym | Paspalum commersonii var. polystachyum (R.Br.) Stapf |
synonym | Paspalum commersonii var. turgidum (Buse) Jansen |
synonym | Paspalum commutatum Nees |
synonym | Paspalum confertum J.Le Conte |
synonym | Paspalum confertum Leconte |
synonym | Paspalum coromandelinum Lam. |
synonym | Paspalum deightonii (C.E.Hubb.) Clayton |
synonym | Paspalum dissectum var. grande Nees |
synonym | Paspalum firmum Trin. |
synonym | Paspalum frumentaceum Rottler ex P.Beauv [Invalid] |
synonym | Paspalum frumentaceum Rottler ex P.Beauv, pro syn. |
synonym | Paspalum horneri Henrard |
synonym | Paspalum jardinii Steud. |
synonym | Paspalum kora Willd. |
synonym | Paspalum ledermannii Mez |
synonym | Paspalum longifolium var. pseudo-orbiculare Jansen |
synonym | Paspalum mauritanicum Nees ex Steud. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Paspalum mauritanicum Nees ex Steud., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Paspalum metabolon Steud. |
synonym | Paspalum metzii Steud. |
synonym | Paspalum moratii Toutain |
synonym | Paspalum orbiculare G.Forst. |
synonym | Paspalum orbiculare var. cartilagineum (J.Presl) Summerh. & C.E.Hubb. |
synonym | Paspalum palustre Vanderyst [Invalid] |
synonym | Paspalum palustre Vanderyst, nom. provis. |
synonym | Paspalum polo F.M.Bailey |
synonym | Paspalum polystachyum R.Br. |
synonym | Paspalum puberulum Roem. & Schult. |
synonym | Paspalum pubescens R.Br. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Paspalum pubescens R.Br., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Paspalum purpurascens Elliott |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. auriculatum (J.Presl & C.Presl) Merr. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. auriculatum (J.Presl) Merr. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. bispiculatum Hack. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. commersonii (Lam.) Stapf |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. deightonii C.E.Hubb. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. frumentaceum Stapf, nom. inval. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. gracillimum Domin |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. horneri (Henrard) de Koning & Sosef |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. jardinii (Steud.) Franch. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. orbiculare (E.Forst.) Hack. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. orbiculare (G.Forst.) Hack. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. polystachyum (R.Br.) A.Chev. |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. scrobiculatum |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. turgidum Buse |
synonym | Paspalum scrobiculatum var. velutinum Hack. |
synonym | Paspalum serpens J.Presl ex Trin. |
synonym | Paspalum thunbergii var. minus Makino, nom. nud. |
synonym | Paspalum virgatum var. latifolium Alph.Wood |
synonym | Paspalum virgatum var. purpurascens (Elliott) Alph.Wood |
synonym | Paspalum virgatum Walter [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Paspalum virgatum Walter, nom. illeg. |
synonym | Paspalum zollingeri Steud. |
Anglais / English |
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Comorian |
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Creoles and pidgins, English based |
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Créole Maurice |
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English |
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French |
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Malgache |
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Global description
Paspalum scrobiculatum is a grass with linear, flat and glabrous leaves. The ligule is membranous and brown. The inflorescence is composed of several linear racemes, along the short floral axis and comprising of biflorous spikelets, arranged in 2 rows, on only one side of the rachis. The spikelets are orbicular, 2 to 3 mm long. The lower glume is absent. The upper glume and lower lemma are similar. The lemma and the palea of upper flower protect the grain and turn brown at maturity.
First leaves
The first leaves have a rolled prefoliation. The lamina is linear, 3 to 5 cm long and a 4 to 6 mm wide. It is obliquely erect and flat. The ligule is visible and membranous. The sheath is finely pubescent, especially near the ligule. The base of the blade is narrowed. The central rib forms a groove.
General habit
Erect tuft or spread at first. The plant generally has a high tillering and often take roots at the nodes of the base. It measures 20 to 100 cm in height.
Underground system
The roots are fibrous.
Culm
The culm is compressed at the base and glabrous. It is robust, 3 to 5 mm wide, greenish, often tinted with purple at the base. The nodes are glabrous and dark in color.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate, simple. The sheath is glabrous. It is compressed and has a well-marked round keel. The ligule is membranous, 0.5 to 1 mm high, and brown in color. The lamina is linear, narrowed at the bottom and with acute apex. It is obliquely erect and flat. The midrib forms a well-marked groove. The blade is 10 to 35 cm long and 5 to 15 mm wide. The margin and the upper face are finely scabrous.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is composed of 2 to 6 racemes, sometimes up to 15, spread over a floral axis, 2 to 8 cm long. The racemes are linear, measure 2 to 8 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide. The rachi is flat, finely scabrous on the margins. It carries on the underside, many spikelets arranged in two rows.
Spikelet
The spikelets are held by short pedicels, 1 mm. They are suborbicular and flattened. They measure 2 to 3 mm long. They consist of 2 flowers, only the upper flower is fertile. The lower glume is absent. The upper glume is very round. It has 3 well marked longitudinal ribs. The lemma of the lower flower is as large as the upper glume. It covers the upper flower. The lemma of the upper flower is 1.6 to 2.3 mm long. It is finely striated and becomes brown when ripe. Its edges partially overlap the palea
Grain
Orbicular grain, 1.4 to 2 mm long and is included in palea and lemma.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Mayotte: Paspalum scrobiculatum flowers from September to March and fruits from October to April.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Paspalum scrobiculatum is a vivacious grass, but it can also behave as an annual species. It multiplies vegetatively by emergence of rhizomes. It also produces seeds.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Vegetative characters to distinguish several Paspalum | ||
---|---|---|
Ligules | Hairs at the nodes | Species |
Small < 2 mm | No | Paspalum scrobiculatum |
Yes | Paspalum paniculatum | |
Large > 2 mm | No | Paspalum dilatatum |
Yes | Paspalum urvillei |
Characters to distinguish several Paspalum species
Racemes | Raceme length |
Spikelet raws |
Spikelet size | Spikelet shape | Spikelet thickness |
Spikelet hairiness | Species |
2(3) | 1,5-7 cm | 2 | 2,6-4 mm | elliptical | flattened | glabrous | P. vaginatum |
2(3) | 1,5-9 cm | 2 | 2,5-3,5 mm | elliptical | flat/convex | barely cilited | P. distichum |
2 | 4-20 cm | 2 | 1,4-1,8 mm | suborbicular | flattened | long and silky hairs | P. conjugatum |
2-6 (15) | 2-8 cm | 2 | 1,3-3 mm | suborbicular | flat/convex | glabrous | P. scrobiculatum |
3-7 | 3-10 cm | 4 | 2,8-3,8 mm | ovale pointed | flat/convex | long and silky hairs | P. dilatatum |
6-25 | 7-14 cm | 4 | 2,2-2,7 mm | ovale lanceolate | flattened | long and silky hairs | P. urvillei |
8-50 | 4-12 cm | 4 | 1,2-1,5 mm | suborbicular | flat/convex | ciliate | P. paniculatum |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Northern Cameroon: Paspalum scrobiculatum presents no preference for a particular climate in tropical region, provided the ground is very wet even temporarily flooded. It is a species typical of heavy clay and very humid soils like vertisols, recent alluvium along water bodies, the planosols and marshland areas. This species is common and sometimes abundant during the offseason, in temporarily flooded plots.
Comoros: Species frequent in areas with heavy, wet soils, up to 1000 m altitude.
Madagascar: ruderal and weed species common in almost all climatic regions of Madagascar, it rises up to 2000 m altitude. It adapts to various stations and grows on various types of soils even in very poor and eroded soil, in fallows, along the edges of roads and canals and also in rainfed crops (cassava, upland rice, peanuts).
Mauritius: Species widespread at high altitude in humid region. It grows on roadsides, in savannas and occasionally in crops.
Mayotte: Paspalum scrobiculatum is a native species quite common in natural wetlands and also growing in ditches, crops and urban areas.
Reunion: Species rare, present mainly in altitude above 1000 m.
Seychelles: Species present in fallows, rarely abundant.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Paspalum scrobiculatum is now a pantropical species.
Attributions | dummy |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
References |
Local harmfulness
Burkina Faso: Paspalum scrobiculatum is common and usually abundant in paddy fields.
Northern Cameroon: This is a minor weed of rainfed crops such as cotton, maize, sorghum and groundnuts as they are not cultivated on very moist soils. However, P. scrobiculatum is a major weed in irrigated rice crops and lowland rice. This species is a serious problems of invading in the offseason sorghum crops on temporarily flooded plots
Comoros: A major weed of maize, rice, banana and cassava.
Ivory Coast: Frequent and usually abundant in rice.
Ghana: Frequent and usually abundant in rice.
Madagascar: Species of low to medium frequency depending on region, but generally scarce.
Mali: Rare and scarce in rice.
Mauritius: A weed of low harmfulness, being present in small quantities in crops.
Mayotte: Paspalum scrobiculatum is an uncommon weed, present in only 1% of cultivated plots. It is mainly found in food crops. It can also be found in vegetable crops. It is present mainly in the south of the island.
Nigeria: Frequent and usually abundant in rice.
Reunion: A weed present in 11% of cultivated plots. It appears mainly in pastures of altitude or in sugar cane on the very humid east and south coasts.
Senegal: Rare but abundant when present in rice.
Seychelles: A weed of low harmfulness.
Tanzania: Frequent and not usually abundant in rice.
Chad: Rare but abundant when present in rice.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
For vivacious grass weed control tips irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/34
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Paspalum%2520scrobiculatum
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Liliopsida |
Order | Poales |
Family | Poaceae |
Genus | Paspalum |
Species | Paspalum scrobiculatum L. |