Code
CYPIR
Growth form
sedge
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
marshland
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Chlorocyperus iria (L.) Rikli |
| synonym | Cyperus chrysomelinus Link |
| synonym | Cyperus diaphaniria Steud. |
| synonym | Cyperus iria f. chrysomelinus (Link) Kük. |
| synonym | Cyperus iria f. diaphaniria (Steud.) Miq. |
| synonym | Cyperus iria f. flavescens (Benth.) Domin |
| synonym | Cyperus iria f. multiflora Domin |
| synonym | Cyperus iria var. flavescens Benth. |
| synonym | Cyperus iria var. paniciformis C.B.Clarke |
| synonym | Cyperus iria var. santonici (Rottb.) Fernald & Griscom |
| synonym | Cyperus iria var. typicus Domin, nom. inval. |
| synonym | Cyperus microlepis Baker |
| synonym | Cyperus nangtciangensis Pamp. |
| synonym | Cyperus paniciformis Franch. & Sav. |
| synonym | Cyperus panicoides Lam. |
| synonym | Cyperus resinosus Hochst. ex Steud. |
| synonym | Cyperus santonici Rottb. |
🗒 Common Names
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| Hindi |
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| Malgache |
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📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Cyperus iria is an annual tufted sedge with trigonal smooth stems, more or less bushy, reaching 60 cm in height. Radical leaves, with membranous sheath, lanceolate linear leaf blade, flat or folded in V are shorter than the stems and are 2 to 5 mm wide. They are glabrous. The inflorescence is a simple or compound umbel more or less developed, yellowish, 5 to 10 floral stalks, 5 to 10 cm or more, with loose spikes consisting of 6-15 spikelets. The spikelets are small and dense, yellowish in colour.
First leaves
The first leaves are short and sheathing, lamina more or less arched or erect, with pointed apex, smooth faces, morphology similar to that of C. difformis.
General habit
Plant erected in more or less developed tufts of 20-60 cm high.
Underground system
The roots are fibrous, yellowish brown or reddish in colour.
Stem
The stem is full, trigonal, thin, smooth, non-winged angles, 1 to 2 mm in diameter and 10 to 50 cm high.
Leaf
The radical leaves have a membranous sheath and a linear lanceolate leaf blade, folded in V or plane, 2 to 5 mm wide, all shorter than the flowering axes. The surfaces and the margin are smooth.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a simple umbel composed of 5 to 10 floral axis, 4 to 10 cm long, yellowish, underpinned by 3-5 leafy involucral, sufficiently developed spreading bracts, one is significantly longer than the other, 10 to 20 cm long. Spike loose, 1 to 3 cm long, comprising 6 to 15 spreading or erect spikelets.
Flower
The spikelets are linear, 6 to 12 mm long and 1.5 to 2 mm wide with many glumes, 1 to 1.5 mm long, slightly covered at maturity, suborbicular, mucronate obtuse apex, smooth keel, straw-colored to brownish yellow.
Fruit
The fruit is an ellipsoid achene briefly apiculate, similar to the glume, 1 to 1.5 mm long with a triangular cross section, reddish brown in colour.
Cyperus iria is an annual tufted sedge with trigonal smooth stems, more or less bushy, reaching 60 cm in height. Radical leaves, with membranous sheath, lanceolate linear leaf blade, flat or folded in V are shorter than the stems and are 2 to 5 mm wide. They are glabrous. The inflorescence is a simple or compound umbel more or less developed, yellowish, 5 to 10 floral stalks, 5 to 10 cm or more, with loose spikes consisting of 6-15 spikelets. The spikelets are small and dense, yellowish in colour.
First leaves
The first leaves are short and sheathing, lamina more or less arched or erect, with pointed apex, smooth faces, morphology similar to that of C. difformis.
General habit
Plant erected in more or less developed tufts of 20-60 cm high.
Underground system
The roots are fibrous, yellowish brown or reddish in colour.
Stem
The stem is full, trigonal, thin, smooth, non-winged angles, 1 to 2 mm in diameter and 10 to 50 cm high.
Leaf
The radical leaves have a membranous sheath and a linear lanceolate leaf blade, folded in V or plane, 2 to 5 mm wide, all shorter than the flowering axes. The surfaces and the margin are smooth.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a simple umbel composed of 5 to 10 floral axis, 4 to 10 cm long, yellowish, underpinned by 3-5 leafy involucral, sufficiently developed spreading bracts, one is significantly longer than the other, 10 to 20 cm long. Spike loose, 1 to 3 cm long, comprising 6 to 15 spreading or erect spikelets.
Flower
The spikelets are linear, 6 to 12 mm long and 1.5 to 2 mm wide with many glumes, 1 to 1.5 mm long, slightly covered at maturity, suborbicular, mucronate obtuse apex, smooth keel, straw-colored to brownish yellow.
Fruit
The fruit is an ellipsoid achene briefly apiculate, similar to the glume, 1 to 1.5 mm long with a triangular cross section, reddish brown in colour.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Mayotte: Cyperus iria flowers and fruits all year round.
Wiktrop
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
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Reproduction
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Cyperus iria reproduces from seed; one plant may produce around 3000 to 5000 seeds. The prodigious rate of multiplication of C. iria is due partly to the profusion of seeds and partly to its short life cycle. The seedlings appear soon after rice is sown, the flowers appear in about one month, shed their seeds, and may establish a second generation in the same season.
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| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
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Morphology
Growth form
Tuft plant with narrow leaves
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Grass or grass-like
Grass-like leaf type
Sedge leaf
Type of prefoliation
Folded lead
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Triangular
Root type
Fibrous roots
Hollow or solid stem
Solid stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
Cyperaceae leaf
Fruit type
Achene
Achene type
Achene trigonous
Lamina base
sheathing the triangular stems
Lamina margin
entire
Lamina apex
attenuate
Upperface pilosity
Glabrous
Lowerface pilosity
Glabrous
Simple leaf type
Lamina linear
Lamina section
folded
Lamina Veination
Parallel
Flower color
Yellow
Inflorescence type
Condensed spike
Umbel
Stem pilosity
Glabrous
Life form
Sedge leaf
Ecology
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Mainly a weed of open, wet places. Thrives in wetland rice, dryland annual crops, and plantation crops. Cyperus iria is a principal weed in paddy fields throughout the world and is also common in upland fields in many countries (it is reported in 17 crops and in 22 countries).
Comoros: Cyperus iria is absent.
Madagascar: C. iria is a fairly common species in irrigated rice in the rice-growing areas of low and medium altitudes, up to 1000 m. It also grows on damp soils with water table in the lowland alluvial plains, delta plains of the West, Southwest, Northwest.
Mauritius: absent.
Mayotte: C. iria is an indigenous species that grows in open wetlands such as hydromorphic soils, marshes, stream banks, lakes but also in crops, pastures and ditches.
Reunion: Rare species, present along fresh water bodies on the coast.
Seychelles: absent.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Marshland
Description
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
Reunion Island
Origin
Cyperus iria is native to the ancient tropical and subtropical world from Africa, Asia to Oceania.
Worldwide distribution
This species is found in all tropical and subtropical regions. It has been introduced and naturalized throughout tropical America.
Cyperus iria is native to the ancient tropical and subtropical world from Africa, Asia to Oceania.
Worldwide distribution
This species is found in all tropical and subtropical regions. It has been introduced and naturalized throughout tropical America.
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| Attributions | dummy |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Benin: frequent and generally abundant.
Burkina Faso: frequent and scarce.
Comoros: C. iria is absent.
Ghana: frequent and scarce.
Madagascar: C. iria is a common and locally abundant weed in rice cultivation, in poorly irrigated lowland plains. It also infests rainfed cultures on wet ground of alluvial plains of low altitude (upland rice or water, corn, vegetables).
Mali: frequent and scarce.
Mauritius: absent.
Nigeria: frequent and scarce.
Uganda: common and usually abundant.
Reunion: This species is not present in crops.
Senegal: frequent and scarce.
Seychelles: absent.
Tanzania: frequent and usually abundant.
Global harmfulness
Shoots and inflorescences of Cyperus iria adversely affect germination, root and shoot growth of rice seedlings. It is a principal weed in paddy fields throughout the world and is also common in upland fields in many countries.
Local harmfulness
Benin: frequent and generally abundant.
Burkina Faso: frequent and scarce.
Comoros: C. iria is absent.
Ghana: frequent and scarce.
Madagascar: C. iria is a common and locally abundant weed in rice cultivation, in poorly irrigated lowland plains. It also infests rainfed cultures on wet ground of alluvial plains of low altitude (upland rice or water, corn, vegetables).
Mali: frequent and scarce.
Mauritius: absent.
Nigeria: frequent and scarce.
Uganda: common and usually abundant.
Reunion: This species is not present in crops.
Senegal: frequent and scarce.
Seychelles: absent.
Tanzania: frequent and usually abundant.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
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There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Management
Global management
Cyperus iria is sensitive to butachlor, but is moderately to oxadiazon 750 to 1000 g / ha applied after sowing rice. It is also controlled by the post-emergence butachlor and propanil applications, or 2,4-D at 500 to 800 g / ha, 400 g of MCPA / ha, of propanil to 2000 g / ha applied at 20 -30 days after emergence.
For weeding Advice Cyperaceae annual irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/27
Cyperus iria is sensitive to butachlor, but is moderately to oxadiazon 750 to 1000 g / ha applied after sowing rice. It is also controlled by the post-emergence butachlor and propanil applications, or 2,4-D at 500 to 800 g / ha, 400 g of MCPA / ha, of propanil to 2000 g / ha applied at 20 -30 days after emergence.
For weeding Advice Cyperaceae annual irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/27
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
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No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
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| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
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There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=adventoi/especes/c/cypir/cypir_fr.html
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. 1977. The world's worst weeds: distribution and biology. East-West Center/University Press of Hawaii; Johnson D.E. (1997). Weeds of rice in West Africa. Bouaké. Côte d'Ivoire. 85p;
- Pancho JV, Obien SR. 1995. Manual of ricefield weeds in the Philippines. Muñoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines): Philippine Rice Research Institute. 543 p.
- Grard, P., Homsombath, K., Kessler, P., Khuon, E., Le Bourgeois, T., Prospéri, J., Risdale, C. 2006. Oswald V.1.0: A multimedia identification system of the major weeds of rice paddy fields of Cambodia and Lao P.D.R. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom. ISBN 978-2-87614-653-2;
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., Carrara, A., Dodet, M., Dogley, W., Gaungoo, A., Grard, P., Ibrahim, Y., Jeuffrault, E., Lebreton, G., Poilecot, P., Prosperi, J., Randriamampianina, J.A., Andrianaivo, A.P., Théveny, F. 2008. Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien.V.1.0. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom.
Information Listing > References
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=adventoi/especes/c/cypir/cypir_fr.html
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. 1977. The world's worst weeds: distribution and biology. East-West Center/University Press of Hawaii; Johnson D.E. (1997). Weeds of rice in West Africa. Bouaké. Côte d'Ivoire. 85p;
- Pancho JV, Obien SR. 1995. Manual of ricefield weeds in the Philippines. Muñoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines): Philippine Rice Research Institute. 543 p.
- Grard, P., Homsombath, K., Kessler, P., Khuon, E., Le Bourgeois, T., Prospéri, J., Risdale, C. 2006. Oswald V.1.0: A multimedia identification system of the major weeds of rice paddy fields of Cambodia and Lao P.D.R. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom. ISBN 978-2-87614-653-2;
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., Carrara, A., Dodet, M., Dogley, W., Gaungoo, A., Grard, P., Ibrahim, Y., Jeuffrault, E., Lebreton, G., Poilecot, P., Prosperi, J., Randriamampianina, J.A., Andrianaivo, A.P., Théveny, F. 2008. Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien.V.1.0. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom.
Etude floristique et phytoécologique des adventices des complexes sucriers de Ferké 1 et 2, de Borotou-Koro et de Zuenoula, en Côte d'Ivoire
TL
Thomas Le BourgeoisImages
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Cyperus%2520iria
Thomas Le Bourgeois
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| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
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There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Liliopsida |
| Order | Poales |
| Family | Cyperaceae |
| Genus | Cyperus |
| Species | Cyperus iria L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups
