Violaceae

Viola L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 933 (1753)
This genus is accepted
The native range of this genus is Temp. & Subtropical to Tropical Mountains.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Algeria, Altay, Amur, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burundi, Buryatiya, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Is., Finland, Florida, France, Føroyar, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Hainan, Hawaii, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Magadan, Maine, Malawi, Malaya, Maluku, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Nigeria, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Réunion, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Socotra, Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Svalbard, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Yukon, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Argentina Northeast, Bermuda, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, KwaZulu-Natal, Puerto Rico, Sinai, Trinidad-Tobago, Tristan da Cunha

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Accepted Species

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Ballard, H.E., Kartesz, J.T. & Nishino, M. (2023). A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 150: 3-266.
  • Marcussen, T., Ballard, H.E., Danihelka, J., Flores, A.R., Nicola, M.V. & Watson, J.M. (2022). A Revised Phylogenetic Classification for Viola (Violaceae). Plants. Open Access Plant Science Journal 11(17): : 2224.
  • Nikitin, V. (2008 publ. 2009). Violets (Viola L., Violaceae) of republic of Tuva. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 40: 164-183.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • —F.T.A. 1: 105.

Flora Zambesiaca

  • Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 402 (1754).
  • Sp. Pl. 2: 933 (1753)

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5:402 (1754)
  • Sp. Pl.: 933 (1753)

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 1, 2006 s.coll. [188] India K000587384 Type Yes
Jun 1, 2006 s.coll. [188] India K000587385 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jun 1, 2006 Faurie, Rev., Pere [7587] Japan K000254224 Yes
Jun 1, 2006 Strachey, R.; Winterbottom, J.E. [7] India K000254258 Type Yes
Jun 1, 2006 Oldham, R. [64] Korea, South K000254226 Yes
Jun 1, 2006 Henry, A. [10977] China K000254257 Syntype Yes
Jun 1, 2006 Faber, E. [168] China K000254225 Yes
Jun 1, 2006 Maximowicz [s.n.] Japan K000254223 Yes
Jun 1, 2006 Oldeman, R. [981] Korea, South K000254227 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Spruce, R. [6045] Ecuador K000202318 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Spruce, R. [5012] Ecuador K000202310 No
Jan 1, 1998 Spruce, R. [5012] Ecuador K000202311 No
Jan 1, 1998 Spruce, R. [6016] Ecuador K000202308 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Spruce, R. [5474] Ecuador K000202319 No
Jan 1, 1995 Gillies, L. [s.n.] Chile K000535073 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Cuming [289] Chile K000535063 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Cuming, H. [284] Chile K000535057 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Jameson [830] Ecuador K000370266 Isotype Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Spruce, R. [5474] Ecuador K000202320 No
Jan 1, 1995 Seemann [2144] United States K000370245 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Seemann [2144] United States K000370246 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1965 Kosanin, N. [s.n.] Albania K000327591 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1928 s.coll. [s.n.] K000327759 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1928 Royle [s.n.] Indian Subcontinent K000327758 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1445] Nepal K001113120 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000651391 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ross-Craig, S.; Burtt, B.L.; Sealy, J.R. [430] United Kingdom K:SPC-09023.000 No
[Bunge] [s.n.] Japan K000651393 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pavillon, H. [s.n.] Italy K000327561 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gay, C. [s.n.] Chile K000535065 Unknown Type Material Yes
Philippi [s.n.] Chile K000535047 Unknown Type Material Yes
Chile K000535048 Unknown Type Material Yes
Philippi, F. [1630] Chile K000535046 Unknown Type Material Yes
Clarke, C.B. [38267A] India K000327837 Type Yes
Melville, R. [1512] Australia K:SPC-35439.000 No
Hooker, J.D.; Gray, A. [s.n.] United States K000327827 Unknown Type Material Yes
Delavay, M. [5953] China K001639127 No
Fernández Casas, J.; Martínez, R.; Muñoz Garmendia, F.; Regueiro, A. [8854] Morocco K001569899 Yes
Ball, J. [s.n.] Morocco K000230907 Unknown Type Material Yes
Chile K000535058 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bridges [470] Chile K000535061 Unknown Type Material Yes
Royle, J.F. [Cat. no. 1446] India K001113122 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1446] K001113121 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 1441] K001113113 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1443] Nepal K001113117 Unknown Type Material Yes
Philippi, F. [1629] Chile K000535045 Unknown Type Material Yes
Austin, R.M. [s.n.] United States K000327829 Unknown Type Material Yes
Fiala, F. [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K000327626 Type Yes
Chile K000535044 Unknown Type Material Yes
Dorfler, I. [262] Albania K000327627 Type Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1446] K001113123 Unknown Type Material Yes
Douglas [s.n.] United States K000327820 Unknown Type Material Yes
K:SPC-15412.000 No
Orphanides, T.G. [401] Greece K000327657 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hartweg [1657(365)] United States K000327821 Unknown Type Material Yes
Germain, P. [s.n.] K000535075 Unknown Type Material Yes
Philippi [s.n.] Chile K000535064 Unknown Type Material Yes
Conville, F.V.; Funston, F. [751] United States K000327822 Unknown Type Material Yes
Orphanides, T.G. [401] Greece K000327569 Unknown Type Material Yes
Spruce, R. [5012] Ecuador K000202309 No
Tweedie [815] Kenya K:SPC-09024.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 4021] K001117952 Unknown Type Material Yes
Orphanides, T.G. [401] Greece K000327568 Unknown Type Material Yes
Philippi [s.n.] Chile K000535072 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. s.n.] Indonesia K001132289 Unknown Type Material Yes
Davis, P. Greece K:SPC-21807.000 No
s.coll. [58] Indian Subcontinent K000327760 Unknown Type Material Yes
Culbertson [4400] United States K000327866 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1441] Nepal K000639342 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1441] Nepal K000639333 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hildebrandt, J.M. [1362] Somalia K000230893 Isotype Yes
illegible [s.n.] United States K000327828 Unknown Type Material Yes
Clarke, C.B. [38958] India K000327836 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bornmuller, J. [76] Greece K000327594 Type Yes
Gay, C. [s.n.] Chile K000535062 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bridges [s.n.] Chile K000535059 Unknown Type Material Yes
Baldacci, A [3] Albania K000327593 Type Yes
Spruce, R. [6045] Ecuador K000202317 Yes
[illegible]; Case [s.n.] United States K000327869 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rico, L.; Birmingham MSc group [1957] Morocco K000564913 No
Drayton Peru K:SPC-09025.000 No
Ross-Craig, S.; Burtt, B.L.; Sealy, J.R. [450] United Kingdom K:SPC-16186.000 No
Oldham [[63]] K000651392 Unknown Type Material Yes
Germain, P. [s.n.] K000535060 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 7510] Malaysia Ion K001127426 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images