Asteraceae

Erigeron L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 863 (1753)
This genus is accepted
The native range of this genus is Cosmopolitan.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Altay, Amur, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Bahamas, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burundi, Buryatiya, California, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Cayman Is., Central European Rus, Chad, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, District of Columbia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Is., Finland, Florida, France, French Guiana, Galápagos, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Juan Fernández Is., Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Magadan, Maine, Malawi, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Newfoundland, Nicaragua, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turks-Caicos Is., Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Yukon, Zambia, Zaïre

Introduced into:

Algeria, Andaman Is., Azores, Baleares, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Cambodia, Cape Provinces, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chagos Archipelago, Chatham Is., Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Cyprus, Denmark, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Fiji, Free State, Gabon, Gilbert Is., Guinea, Gulf States, Hainan, Hawaii, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kazan-retto, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lesotho, Libya, Line Is., Madagascar, Madeira, Malaya, Marcus I., Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Nicobar Is., Niue, Norfolk Is., Northern Provinces, Ogasawara-shoto, Oman, Palestine, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Sardegna, Sicilia, Sinai, Society Is., South Australia, South China Sea, Sumatera, Swaziland, Tasmania, Tonga, Tristan da Cunha, Tubuai Is., Tunisia, Turkey-in-Europe, Wake I., Western Australia, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Accepted Species

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • B.L. Burtt in Kew Bull. 3: 371 (1949).
  • —F.T.A. 3: 307

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A.J. Scott in Fl. Mascar. 109: 105 (1993)
  • DC., Prodr. 5: 283 (1836)
  • K. Bremer, Asteraceae Clad. & Class.: 420 (1994)
  • L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 371 (1754)
  • Oliv. & Hiern in F.T.A. 3: 307 (1877)
  • Sp. Pl.: 863 (1753)
  • Wild in Kirkia 10: 34 (1975)

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2008 Doell [461] Germany K000884928 Syntype Yes
Jan 1, 2008 [Cerrier], E. [s.n.] France K000884931 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Wallich [s.n.] India K000102331 Isosyntype Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Wallich [s.n.] India K000102330 Isosyntype Yes
Mar 1, 1977 Muir, J. [s.n.] United States K000885079 Isotype Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000221837 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jurgensen, C. [809] Mexico K002331870 Yes
Bang, A.M. [14] Bolivia K000374256 Type Yes
Balls, E.K. [4383] Mexico K001093137 Yes
Nelson, A.; Nelson, E. [6348] United States K000885162 Unknown Type Material Yes
{Schweinitz} [s.n.] K002331181 Yes
Baker, C.F. [679] United States K000885166 Unknown Type Material Yes
Greene, E.L. [s.n.] United States K000885133 Unknown Type Material Yes
Philippi [s.n.] Chile K000221825 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bang, A.M. [14] Bolivia K000374257 Isosyntype Yes
Greene, E.L. [s.n.] United States K000885134 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rockhill, W.W. [s.n.] China K000885086 Unknown Type Material Yes
Palmer, E. [351] Mexico K002331887 Yes
Palmer, E. [281] Mexico K002331898 Yes
Brandegee, T.S. [869] United States K000885051 Unknown Type Material Yes
Fernald, M.L.; Long, B. [13181] United States K000885170 Type Yes
Cusick [s.n.] United States K000885026 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gay, C. [s.n.] Chile K000221817 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sandberg, J.H.; Leiberg, J.B. [445] United States K000885091 Unknown Type Material Yes
Langlasse, E. [857] Mexico K002331891 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [32316] Afghanistan K000884994 Type Yes
Tate, R. [156(225)] Nicaragua K002331907 Yes
Culbertson, J.D. [4390] United States K000885092 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wright, C. [203] United States K000885119 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002331206 Yes
Palmer, E. [99] Mexico K002331889 Yes
Palmer, E. [52] Mexico K002331886 Yes
Tweedie [s.n.] Argentina K000221831 Type Yes
Maroof Shah [2513] Pakistan K001567517 No
Wray [s.n.] K002331204 Yes
Palmer, E. [424] Mexico K002331888 Yes
H. [13510] Mexico K002331867 Yes
Mandon, G. [144] Bolivia K000221802 Unknown Type Material Yes
{Diguet} [s.n.] Mexico K002331872 Yes
Palmer, E. [283] Mexico K002331903 Yes
Galeotti, H. [2077] Mexico K002331895 Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [29359] Mexico K002331890 Yes
H. [7582] Mexico K002331892 Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001062003 Yes
Palmer, E. [212] United States K000885030 Unknown Type Material Yes
Cusick, W.C. [2270] United States K000885049 Unknown Type Material Yes
Anderson, C.L. [s.n.] United States K000885145 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ball, J. [s.n.] United States K000885129 Unknown Type Material Yes
Baker, C.F. [677] United States K000885168 Unknown Type Material Yes
Palmer, E. [1089] Mexico K002331897 Yes
H. [15556] Mexico K002331869 Yes
Tate, R. [155(458)] Nicaragua K001738130 Yes
Brandegee, T.S. [s.n.] United States K000885171 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pringle, C.G. [s.n.] United States K001737737 Yes
Baker, C.F. [3451] United States K000885096 Unknown Type Material Yes
Macoun, J. [42] Canada K002330834 Yes
Simmons; Erskine; Howick; McNamara [SICH 539] China K001581229 Yes
Lieberg, J.B. [385] United States K000885165 Unknown Type Material Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Ecuador K000200663 Unknown Type Material Yes
Douglas, D. [s.n.] United States K000885048 Unknown Type Material Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] K002331183 Yes
Palmer, E. [190] Mexico K002331884 Yes
Howell [s.n.] United States K000885124 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bolander, H.N. [s.n.] United States K000885131 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wright, C. [204] United States K000885118 Unknown Type Material Yes
Chile K000221820 Unknown Type Material Yes
Orsted [N75] K000221832 Unknown Type Material Yes
Salvin, O. [s.n.] Guatemala K002331906 Yes
H. [11314] Mexico K002331868 Yes
Pringle, C.G. [s.n.] United States K000885038 Unknown Type Material Yes
Davies; Delevoryas [s.n.] Mexico K002331894 Yes
Chile K000221864 Unknown Type Material Yes
Aitchison, J.E.T. [784] Afghanistan K000885010 Type Yes
Jacquemont, V. [1030] K000885084 Unknown Type Material Yes
Baker, C.F. [661] United States K000885093 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lindheimer, F. [627] United States K000885113 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wright, C. [266] United States K000885112 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wright, C. [s.n.] United States K000885052 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hoover, R.F. [5983] United States K000885094 Type Yes
Moe, J. [s.n.] Norway K000884927 Type Yes
Huguenin, A. [496] France K000884930 Syntype Yes
Spruce, R. [5758] Ecuador K000200764 Unknown Type Material Yes
{Douglas} [s.n.] United States K002331186 Yes
Townsend, C.H.T.; Barber, C.M. [12] Mexico K000221769 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [19433] Pakistan K000885000 Type Yes
Palmer, E. [291] Mexico K002331885 Yes
{Sartwell} [s.n.] United States K002331171 Yes
Pringle [s.n.] United States K000885132 Unknown Type Material Yes
Patterson, H.N. [65] United States K000885116 Unknown Type Material Yes
G.M.D. [s.n.] K001737736 Yes
Palmer, E. [301] Mexico K002331879 Yes
{Schweinitz} [s.n.] K002331187 Yes
Gillies, J. [E.R.c] Argentina K000221835 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hall, H.M.; Chandler, H.P. [486] United States K000885135 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tweedie [s.n.] Uruguay K000221836 Unknown Type Material Yes
Richardson [s.n.] Canada K001737735 Yes
Nelson, E.W. [6468] Mexico K002331878 Yes
Linden, J.J. [1192] Mexico K002331902 Yes
Nelson, A. [7882] United States K000885180 Unknown Type Material Yes
Coulter, T. [406] Mexico K002331871 Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001058992 Yes
Gay, C. [s.n.] Chile K000221818 Unknown Type Material Yes
Parry, C.C. [1] United States K000885157 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bang, A.M. [67] Bolivia K000374255 Isosyntype Yes
Spruce, R. [5758] Ecuador K000200765 Unknown Type Material Yes
Nelson, A. [4664] United States K000885155 Unknown Type Material Yes
Petropavlovsky, M., F. [s.n.] United States K000885163 Unknown Type Material Yes
Cusick, W.C. [2297] United States K000885020 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hall, E.; Harbour, J.P. [242] United States K000885037 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lobb, W. [52] United States K000885128 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pringle, C.G. [7616] Mexico K002331893 Yes
Fendler, A. [381] United States K000885117 Unknown Type Material Yes
Douglas [s.n.] United States K000885023 Type Yes
Parsa, A. [772] Iran K000884996 Unknown Type Material Yes
Palmer, E. [213] United States K000885032 Unknown Type Material Yes
Nelson, A. [5852] United States K000885152 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tolmie, W.F. [s.n.] United States K000885164 Unknown Type Material Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [27305] Costa Rica K002331905 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [[1081]] Mexico K002331873 Yes
Palmer, E. [438] Mexico K002331880 Yes
H. [7687] Mexico K002331901 Yes
Cusick [s.n.] United States K000885025 Unknown Type Material Yes
Chile K000221821 Unknown Type Material Yes
Spruce, R. [5890] Ecuador K000200763 Unknown Type Material Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Ecuador K000200667 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wright. C. [1170] United States K000885100 Unknown Type Material Yes
Spruce, R. [5890] Ecuador K000200762 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tweedie [s.n.] Uruguay K000221834 Type Yes
Wright, C. [s.n.] Japan K000884978 Unknown Type Material Yes
{Drummond} [s.n.] United States K002331188 Yes
Palmer, E. [286] Mexico K002331876 Yes
Howell [140] United States K000885174 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pringle, C.G. [s.n.] United States K000885130 Unknown Type Material Yes
Palmer, E. [419] United States K000885101 Unknown Type Material Yes
Heyde; Lux [s.n.] Guatemala K002331875 Yes
Bang, A.M. [67] Bolivia K000374254 Type Yes
Parsa, A. [301] Iran K000884995 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wynd, F.L.; Muller, C.H. [271] Mexico K002331883 Yes
Gillies, J. [159] K000221833 Unknown Type Material Yes
Townsend, C.H.T.; Barber, C.M. [175] Mexico K002331881 Yes
Jacquemont, V. [1034] India K000885082 Unknown Type Material Yes
{Schweinitz} [s.n.] K002331184 Yes
Conway, W.M. [97] K000885083 Unknown Type Material Yes
{Drummond} [s.n.] United States K002331182 Yes
Spruce, R. [1850] Brazil K001058979 Yes
Fendler, A. [375] United States K000885033 Unknown Type Material Yes
Aitchison, J.E.T. [784] Afghanistan K000885009 Type Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001058980 Yes
Palmer, E. [249] Mexico K002331900 Yes
Wray [s.n.] K002331205 Yes
Hall, E.; Harbour, J.P. [244] United States K000885034 Unknown Type Material Yes
Baker, C.F. [40] United States K000885169 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wooton, E.O. [352] United States K000885154 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [30653] Pakistan K000884999 Type Yes
H. [14945] Mexico K002331874 Yes
{Sartwell} [s.n.] United States K002331172 Yes
David, R.P. [19] China K000884981 Unknown Type Material Yes
Drummond, T. [s.n.] United States K001737950 Yes
Peck, M.E. [304] Belize K002331904 Yes
s.coll. [175] Ecuador K001062004 Yes
Parish, W.F.; Parish, S.B. [1251] United States K000885031 Unknown Type Material Yes
Palmer, E. [314] Mexico K002331877 Yes
Huguenin, A. [496] France K000884929 Type Yes
Hooker, J.D.; Gray, A. [s.n.] United States K000885156 Unknown Type Material Yes
Anderson, C.L. [83] United States K000885022 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wright, C. [s.n.] United States K000885097 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wynd, F.L.; Muller, C.H. [387] Mexico K002331882 Yes
{Hinds} [s.n.] United States K002331185 Yes
Heller, A.A.; Heller, E.G. [3664] United States K000885172 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rusby, H.H. [1663] Bolivia K000374258 Isosyntype Yes
Nelson, A.; Nleson, E. [5735] United States K000885175 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wright, C. [s.n.] Japan K000884977 Unknown Type Material Yes
Palmer, E. [75] Mexico K002331899 Yes
Suksdorf, W.N. [s.n.] United States K000885050 Unknown Type Material Yes
Neve, A. Dr. [s.n.] Pakistan K000885085 Unknown Type Material Yes
Camp, W.H. [2553] Mexico K002331896 Yes
Gray, A. [s.n.] United States K000885024 Unknown Type Material Yes
Macoun, J. [10858] Canada K000885159 Unknown Type Material Yes
Dec 1, 2019 Lehmann, F.C. [5676] Colombia Conyza K000221734 Type Yes
Jul 1, 2013 I Made Maduarta (Pung) [IMM 191] Indonesia Conyza K000734522 No
Nov 1, 2011 Bang, M. [202] Bolivia Conyza K001299099 Type Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Rafidah, A.R. [64264] Malaysia Conyza K000705400 No
Jan 1, 1963 Spruce, R. [s.n.] Ecuador Conyza K000200761 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jun 12, 1952 Baron, R. [5611] Madagascar Conyza K000273807 Type Yes
Johansson, J.T.; Nybom, H.; Riebe, S. [287] Indonesia Conyza K002320342 Yes
Andrews, P.; Bamford, M.; Njau, E.; Leliyo, G. [EN 752] Tanzania Conyza K001891093 No
s.coll. [128] Nigeria Conyza K002320620 No
Rambo, B. [49177] Brazil Conyza K001107396 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3039] Conyza K001118482 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hind, D.J.N.; Queiroz, R.F. [H50938] Brazil Conyza K:SPC-58893.000 No
Ash [1566] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-35715.000 No
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3007] Nepal Conyza K001118398 Unknown Type Material Yes
Dusén, P. [7706] Brazil Conyza K001107398 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3007] Nepal Conyza K001118399 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ash [1558] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-35713.000 No
Ash [1701] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-35582.000 No
Darbyshire, I.; Osborne, J.; Datizua, C.; Langa, C.; Zandamela, J.; Macuacua, A. (guide) [1184] Mozambique Conyza K001346509 No
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 3045] Conyza K001118491 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3006] Nepal Conyza K001118397 Unknown Type Material Yes
Preston, T.A. [s.n.] Brazil Conyza K001107393 Yes
Ash [1638] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-35606.000 No
Baron, R. [3345] Madagascar Conyza K000273913 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ash [1031] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-35514.000 No
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3081] Burma Conyza K001118540 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bailey, F.M. [s.n.] Australia Conyza K000885280 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3058] Burma Conyza K001118511 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ash [1681] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-34294.000 No
Ash [421] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-06049.354 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3064] Conyza K001118522 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ash [1682] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-34283.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3039] Conyza K001118480 Unknown Type Material Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Santos, R.R.; Souza, R.; Fonseca, S.F. [23782] Brazil Conyza K001107391 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Indonesia Conyza K002320340 Yes
Horsfield, T. [53] Indonesia Conyza K000885288 Unknown Type Material Yes
Somalia Conyza K000273892 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3019] Burma Conyza K001118443 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lombardi, J.A. [2688] Brazil Conyza K001107390 Yes
Gibert [8] Brazil Conyza K001107397 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3001] Nepal Conyza K001118392 Unknown Type Material Yes
Glaziou, A. [8756] Brazil Conyza K001107394 Yes
Humbert, H. [18322] Madagascar Conyza K000273923 Type Yes
Tweedie [s.n.] Brazil Conyza K001107395 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3007] India Conyza K001118401 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ash [276] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-33537.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3039] Conyza K001118481 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ash [853] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-38821.000 No
Romero, R.; Nakajima, J.N.; Farinaccio, M.A.; Miranda, V.F.O. [4184] Brazil Conyza K001107389 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3007] India Conyza K001118400 Unknown Type Material Yes
Cope, T.A. [RBG 533] United Kingdom Conyza K000914448 Yes
Gossweiler, J. [2206] Angola Conyza K001307399 Yes
Horsfield, T. [s.n.] Indonesia Conyza K002320341 Yes
Lowe, J.L. [2735A] Nigeria Conyza K002320619 No
Ash [375] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-09108.006 No
Robinson, H.C. [s.n.] Malaysia Conyza K000885290 Type Yes
Gossweiler, J. [9740] Angola Conyza K001307400 Yes
Ash [1683] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-35581.000 No
Ash [1990] Ethiopia Conyza K:SPC-35547.000 No
s.coll. [1160] Indonesia Conyza K000885287 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3001] Nepal Conyza K001118391 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1978 Jurgensen, C. [827] Mexico Achaetogeron K000221604 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1978 Galeotti, H.G. [2166] Mexico Achaetogeron K000221605 Type Yes
Galeotti, H.G. [2166] Mexico Achaetogeron K000221606 Type Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India Stenactis K000102340 Type Yes

Sources

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0