Rhinacanthus virens (Nees) Milne-Redh.

Native to:

Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
• Berhaut, J. (1971). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 1: 1-626. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
• Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 1: 1-114. ORSTROM, Bangui.
• Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
• Daniel, T.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2009). The California Academy of Sciences Gulf of Guinea Expeditions (2001, 2006, 2008) VII. Acanthaceae of São Tomé and Príncipe. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, IV, 60: 623-674.
• Darbyshire, I., Vollesen, K. & Kelbessa, E. (2010). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Acanthaceae (Part 2): 287-756.
• Darbyshire, I., Vollesen, K. & Kelbessa, E. (2015). Flora Zambesiaca 8(6): 1-314. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
• Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
• Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1963). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 1-544.
• Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
• Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.

Kew Bulletin

• (in Exell 1956: 37);
• Amarasinghe, A. P. P. R. & Wijesundara, D. S. A. (2011). A new species of Rhinacanthus (Acanthaceae) from Sri Lanka. Edinburgh J. Bot. 68: 333 – 337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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• Benoist, R. (1950). QuelquesAcanthacées des colonies PortugaisesAfricanes. Bol. Soc. Brot. Sér. 2(24): 5 – 39.
• Chase, F. (2017). The Flora of Namibia. National Botanical Research Institute. Available at: http://www.nbri.org.na/projects/the-flora-of-namibia. Accessed 28 Sept. 2017.
• Clarke, C. B. (1900). Rhinacanthus, pp. 224 – 226 & 514. In: W. T. Thiselton-Dyer (ed.), Flora of Tropical Africa 5. L. Reeve & Co., London.
• Craven, P. (ed.) (1999). A checklist of Namibian plant species. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 7, SABONET, Windhoek.
• Daniel & Figueiredo (2009: 666);
• Daniel, T. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2009). The California Academy of Sciences Gulf of Guinea Expeditions (2001, 2006, 2008). VII. Acanthaceae of São Tomé and Príncipe. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Ser. 4, 60: 623 – 674.
• Darbyshire & Harris (2006: 414);
• Darbyshire et al. (2010: 603; 2015: 229).
• Darbyshire, I. & Harris, T. (2006). Notes on the genus Rhinacanthus (Acanthaceae) in Africa with a synopsis of the R. nasutus-R. gracilis complex and a key to the African members of the genus. Kew Bull. 61: 401 – 418.
• Darbyshire, I. (2012). A new name for the ZambesianRhinacanthus (Acanthaceae). Kew Bull. 67: 767 – 769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
• Darbyshire, I. (2015). The genus Hypoestes (Acanthaceae) in Angola. Kew Bull. 70: 44 (10 pages).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
• Darbyshire, I., Tripp, E. A. & Dexter, K. G. (2012). A new species and a revised record in Namibian Barleria (Acanthaceae). Kew Bull. 67: 759 – 766.
• Darbyshire, I., Vollesen, K. & EnsermuKelbessa (2010). Acanthaceae (Part 2). In: H. J. Beentje (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Darbyshire, I., Vollesen, K. & EnsermuKelbessa (2015). Acanthaceae (Part 2). In: J. R. Timberlake & E. S. Martins (eds), Flora Zambesiaca Vol. 8, Pt. 6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Durand, T. & De Wildeman, E. (1899). Matériaux pour la Flore du Congo. Quatrième fascicule. Compt. Rend. Soc. Bot. Belg. 38: 78 – 116.
• EnsermuKelbessa (2006). Acanthaceae, pp. 345 – 495. In: I. Hedberg, EnsermuKelbessa, S. Edwards, SebsebeDemissew & E. Persson (eds), Flora of Ethiopia & Eritrea Vol. 5. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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• Exell, A. W. (1956). Supplement to the Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of S. Tomé (with Principe and Annobon). British Museum, London.
• Ghogue, J.-P. (2010). Rhinacanthusvirens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T185209A8367146. Available at:  https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T185209A8367146.en. Accessed 15 Dec. 2016.
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• Heine, H. (1963). Acanthaceae, pp. 391 – 432. In: F. N. Hepper (ed.), Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 2. Second edition. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Heine, H. (1966). Flore du Gabon 13. Acanthacées. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
• Hiern, W. P. H. (1900). Catalogue of the African plants collected by Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853 – 1861. Dicotyledons, part IV Lentibulariaceae to Ceratophylleae. British Museum (Natural History), London.
• Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J. M. (1931). Flora of West Tropical Africa. Volume 2, Part 1. The Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.
• IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. Second Edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge.
• Kiel, C. A., Daniel, T. F., Darbyshire, I. & McDade, L. A. (2017). Unraveling relationships in the morphologically diverse and taxonomically complex ‘justicioid’ lineage (Acanthaceae). Taxon 66: 645 – 674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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• Madagascar Catalogue (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo, Madagascar. http://www.efloras.org/madagascar. Accessed January 2017.
• Makholela, T. (2008). Acanthaceae, pp. 21 – 25. In: E. Figueiredo & G. F. Smith (eds), Plants of Angola / Plantas de Angola. Strelitzia 22. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
• McDade, L. A., Daniel, T. F., Masta, S. E. & Riley, K. M. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Justicieae (Acanthaceae): evidence from molecular sequences, morphology, and cytology. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87: 435 – 458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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• Moore, S. (1906). Uganda gamopetalae from Dr.Bagshawe. J. Bot. 44: 83 – 90.
• Moore, S. (1920). Alabastra diversa — Part XXXII. 1. Plantae Congoenses novae velrariores. J. Bot. 58: 44 – 48.
• Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D. (1847). Acanthaceae, pp. 46 – 519. In: A. de Candolle (ed.), ProdromusSystematis Naturalis RegniVegetabilis 11. Masson, Paris.
• Nyirenda, F. C. (2012). Morphological variation in five related species of  Barleria (Acanthaceae). Unpubl. M.Sc. thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
• Pröpper, M. (2009). Culture and Biodiversity in Central Kavango, Namibia. Reimer, Berlin.
• Steyn, H. & van Wyk, A. E. (2015). Taxonomic notes on the Acanthopsisdisperma-hoffmannseggiana complex (Acanthaceae, tribe Acantheae), with an interim key to members of the genus. Phytotaxa 219: 1 – 26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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• Thulin, M. (2006). Rhinacanthus, pp. 400 – 401. In: M. Thulin (ed.), Flora of Somalia. Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Tripp, E. A. & Darbyshire, I. (2017). Phylogenetic relationships among Old World Ruellia L.: a new classification and reinstatement of the genus DinteracanthusSchinz. Syst. Bot. 42: 470 – 483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
• Tripp, E. A. & Dexter, K. G. (2012). Taxonomic novelties in Namibian Ruellia (Acanthaceae). Syst. Bot. 37: 1023 – 1030.
• Tripp, E. A., Tsai, Y.-H. E., Zhuang, Y. & Dexter, K. (2017). RADseq dataset with 90% missing data fully resolves recent radiation of Petalidium (Acanthaceae) in the ultra-arid deserts of Namibia. Ecol. Evol. 7: 7920 – 7936.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3274.
• Vollesen, K. (2013). Acanthaceae (Part 1). In: J. R. Timberlake & E. S. Martins (eds), Flora Zambesiaca Vol. 8, Pt. 5. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Wallich, N. (1832). Plantae AsiaticaeRariores; or, Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants. Vol. III. Treuttel & Würtz, London, Paris, Strasbourg [Strasburgh].
• Welman, W. G. (2003). Acanthaceae. In: G. Germishuizen & N. L. Meyer (eds), Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 92 – 106. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

• in Exell Suppl. Cat. S. Tomé 37 (1956), (q.v. for synonymy etc.).

Flora Zambesiaca

• in Exell, Suppl. Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tomé: 37 (1956).
• —Darbyshire & Harris in Kew Bull. 61: 414 (2006).
• —Darbyshire in F.T.E.A., Acanthaceae 2: 603 (2010).
• —Heine in F.W.T.A. ed.2 2: 425 (1963), excl. var. obtusifolius.

Kew Backbone Distributions

• Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
• Berhaut, J. (1971). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 1: 1-626. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
• Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
• Daniel, T.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2009). The California Academy of Sciences Gulf of Guinea Expeditions (2001, 2006, 2008) VII. Acanthaceae of São Tomé and Príncipe. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, IV, 60: 623-674.
• Darbyshire, I., Vollesen, K. & Kelbessa, E. (2015). Flora Zambesiaca 8(6): 1-314. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.