Apocynaceae
Carissa

Carissa spinarum L.

First published in Mant. Pl. 2: 559 (1771)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Africa to Indo-China, Australia to New Caledonia. It is a scrambling shrub or tree and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Aldabra, Andaman Is., Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, China South-Central, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Queensland, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Socotra, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Bruyns, P.V. (2014). The Apocynaceae of Namibia. Strelitzia 34: 1-158. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 2: 1-429. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Middleton, D.J. (2007). Apocynaceae (subfamilies Rauvolfioideae and Apocynoideae). Flora Malesiana 18: 1-474. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Middleton, D.J. (2011). Flora of peninsular Malaysia, II, 2: 1-235. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia.
  • Middleton, D.J. (2014). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 33: 1-276. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mt. Mulanje, Malawi. Scripta Botanica Belgica 34: 1-199.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia 3: 1-626. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 3, (2006) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
  • Pickering, H. & Awale, A. I. (2018). Introduction to plants in Central Somaliland. Ponte Invisibile, Redsea Cultural Foundation.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • L., Mantissa 1: 52 (1767)
  • L., Syst. ed. 12, 2: 189 (1770).
  • Leeuwenberg & van Dilst in Wageningen Univ. Pap. 01.1: 35, t. 7–10, map 6–7 (2001).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Mar 9, 2022 Sultan, A.; Hanan.; Mujahid. [MAP-II-213] Pakistan K009000303 No
Jan 1, 2009 Poilane, E. [17389] Cambodia K000463977 No
Jul 16, 2004 Monyrak, M., et al. [237] Cambodia K000227755 No
Jan 1, 1998 Kerr, A.F.G. [9118] Thailand K000832932 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Horne, J. [511] Seychelles K000233553 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Horne, J. [511] Seychelles K000233552 Holotype Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Schimper [156] Ethiopia K000233564 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Smith, P.A. [1074] Botswana K000282792 No
Jan 1, 1998 Gossweiler, J. [s.n.] Angola K001030076 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Haines, H.H. [2159] India K000848050 Lectotype Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Haines, H.H. [2159] India K000848051 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Scott Elliot, G.F. [3071] Madagascar K000233550 Type No
Jan 1, 1998 Schimper, W. [1068] Ethiopia K000233563 Type No
Jan 1, 1998 s.coll. [s.n.] K000832928 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Hiemstra, H. [268] Botswana K000282794 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Santapau, H. [4407] India K000821611 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Kirk, J. [s.n.] Malawi K000233557 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Meller, C.J. [s.n.] Mozambique K000233558 Lectotype Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Lugard, E.J. [16] Botswana K000282795 No
Jan 1, 1998 Brown, R. [2850] Australia K000832930 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 McGillivray, J. [488] Australia K000832929 Holotype Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Smith, P.A. [97] Botswana K000282793 No
Jan 1, 1998 Roxburgh, W. [s.n.] India K000832933 Holotype Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Gossweiler, J. [8382] Angola K001030082 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Shepherd [s.n.] India K000821607 Holotype Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Shepherd [s.n.] India K000821608 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Welwitsch [5969] Angola K000233559 Paratype No
Jan 1, 1998 Schimper [209] Ethiopia K000233560 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Schimper [209] Ethiopia K000233561 Isolectotype Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Schimper [209] Ethiopia K000233562 Isolectotype Yes
Jan 1, 1998 s.coll. [s.n.] Australia K000832927 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Enews, J. [206] Botswana K000282796 No
Jan 1, 1998 Wallich, N. [1677] India K000821610 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Dechamps, R.; Murta, F.; Silva, M, da [1187] Angola K000282797 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Vanderhorst, D.B.B. [64] Papua New Guinea K000832931 Type Yes
Carey, W. [s.n.] India K000821609 Unknown Type Material Yes
Baron, R. [709] Madagascar K000233551 Holotype Yes
Gautier, L.; Ranirison, P.; Hanitrarivo, R. M.; Luino, I. [LG 5997] Madagascar K001635384 Yes
Stocks, J.E. [210] India K000821606 Type Yes
Ralimanana, H.; Hoffmann, P. [657] Madagascar Carissa edulis K001634334 Yes
Troupin, G. [4068] Congo, Democratic Republic of the Carissa edulis K:SPC-02274.000 No
Peter, A. [58118] Tanzania Carissa edulis K001604033 Yes
Peter, A. [58169] Tanzania Carissa edulis K001590998 Yes
Eyles, F. [8778] Zimbabwe Carissa edulis K:SPC-02275.000 No
Rakotonasolo, F.; Ralimanana, H.; Rakotomalala, A. [RNF 1736] Madagascar Carissa edulis K001589498 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E. [3778] Zimbabwe Carissa edulis K:SPC-15263.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1680] Carissa villosa K001113837 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1680] Burma Carissa villosa K001113836 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Wallich, N. [1679] India Carissa macrophylla K000832934 Isotype Yes
Dalzell [s.n.] India Carissa macrophylla K000832935 Lectotype Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1678] India Carissa diffusa K001113831 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1678] Carissa diffusa K001113832 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1678] Carissa diffusa K001113829 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1678] Carissa diffusa K001113828 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1678] Carissa diffusa K001113827 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1678] India Carissa diffusa K001113830 Unknown Type Material Yes
Beddome, R.H. [s.n.] India Carissa suavissima K000832987 Unknown Type Material Yes
Beddome, R.H. [s.n.] India Carissa suavissima K000832985 Unknown Type Material Yes
Beddome, R.H. [s.n.] India Carissa suavissima K000832986 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Plants and People Africa

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
    • © Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/