Exemplo Levantamento Bibliografico

Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.
)
Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido
Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia
Fruticultura Tropical III – Fruteiras Nativas
Revisão: Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.)
Fernando Antonio Souza de Aragão

Doutorando
Professores:
Ricardo Elesbão Alves
Levi de Moura Barros
Francisco Xavier de Souza
Mossoró-RN
Dezembro – 2006
Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa; sinonímia: M. vinifera, M. setigera e M. sphaercarpa) - Arecaceae
Í NDICE
C ARACTERÍSTICAS ........................................................................................................ 5
O BJETIVO ...................................................................................................................... 5
R EVISÃO B IBLIOGRÁFICA ............................................................................................ 6
Temas das Publicações ..................................................................................................................15
A BSTRACTS ................................................................................................................. 16
Citações sem “Abstracts” disponíveis nas Base de Dados ..........................................................47
Bases Consultadas (Fontes)...........................................................................................................48
Periódicos ......................................................................................................................................48
Aragão, FAS 2
I NTRODUÇÃO
Os buritis e as veredas do Brasil central, imortalizados na obra literária de Guimarães Rosa,

de onde tantas e tão verdadeiras expressões, são parte indissociável dos chapadões recobertos pelos
domínios dos cerrados.
Por onde passa um rio, riacho ou ribeirão, em suas margens, em meio aos campos tropicais
do cerrado e nos, assim chamados, "lavrados" dos campos de Boa Vista em Roraima - enclaves de
vegetação semelhante à do Brasil central em meio à floresta tropical - florescem as matas de galeria
e, nelas, os buritis. Um pouco além da mata, ladeando-as, as veredas bem marcadas de areias claras
e vegetação mais rasteira.
Na relva densa e rica das veredas, circundadas em geral por campos limpos, destaca-se
majestosamente o buriti: palmeira de estipe elegante e ereto, encimado por folhas enormes e
brilhantes. Suas folhagens, abertas em forma de estrela, formam uma copa arredondada, uniforme e
linda, vista de baixo sob o céu azul e limpo.
Vistas ao longe, essas matas onde se destacam os buritis, são indício seguro de que por ali
existe um curso d'água, descanso e alimento para o sertanejo e para o caboclo: terrenos de várzea e
brejos, de solo fofo e úmido, recobertos por extensos buritizais escondem, por entre seus meandros,
as águas correntes. Por onde passam, são as águas que carregam e espalham as sementes da
palmeira buriti.
Do buriti - "verde que afina e esveste, belimbeleza", como diz o Riobaldo de Guimarães
Rosa - já foi dito, e muitas vezes reafirmado, desde que aqui chegaram os primeiros europeus com
seus viajantes e naturalistas, que se trata da mais bela palmeira existente.
Mais do que isso, nas regiões onde ocorre, o buriti é a planta mais importante entre todas as
outras, de onde o homem local, herdeiro da sabedoria dos indígenas nativos, aprendeu a retirar parte
essencial de seu sustento.
Os cachos carregados de frutos e as folhas de que necessita, são apanhados lá no alto,
cortados no talo com facão bem afiado para não machucar a palmeira. Depois disso, o experiente
sertanejo pula, usando as largas folhas do buriti como se fossem pára-quedas, pousando suavemente
na água.
Dos frutos do buriti - um coquinho amarronzado que, quando jovem, possui duras escamas
que vão escurecendo conforme amadurecem - aproveita-se a polpa amarelo-ouro. Para extraí-la é
preciso, antes, amolecer aquelas escamas por imersão em água morna ou abafamento em folhas ou
em sacos plásticos.
E é com ela que são preparados os doces e outros sub-produtos tradicionais. São eles. O
moreno doce caixinhas de delicada marcenaria, na confecção das quais não se utiliza outro material
Aragão, FAS 3
a não ser a própria madeira do buriti; afarinha de buriti, produzida a partir da parte interna do estipe
da palmeira; as raspas de buriti, obtidas a partir da secagem ou desidratação ao sol da polpa do fruto
raspada; a paçoca de buriti, quando se misturam, às raspas, um pouco de farinha de mandioca e de
rapadura. Todos eles, alimentos resistentes ao tempo durante a estiagem, quando outros alimentos
rareiam.
A polpa pode, também, ser congelada e conservada por mais de ano, sendo utilizada
praticamente da mesma forma que a polpa fresca. Com ela produzem-se, hoje em dia, diferentes
tipos de sorvetes, cremes, geléias, licores e vitaminas de sabores exóticos e alta concentração de
vitamina C, invenções e descobertas modernas, muitas delas desenvolvidas nos centros de pesquisa
da EMBRAPA.
O buriti, no entanto, não fornece alimento apenas ao homem. Conta-se que, quando é safra
de buriti, certos animais comem tanto e com tanta voracidade que se tornam pesados e fáceis de
alcançar. É o caso do porco-montado de Roraima, espécie de porco doméstico que vive no mato,
que nessa época fica com as gorduras tingidas pela cor amarelo forte do buriti.
Mas o buriti é ainda muito mais do que puro alimento para homens e animais. De sua polpa,
por exemplo, a população regional extrai um óleo de cor vermelho-sangüínea utilizado contra
queimaduras, de efeito aliviador e cicatrizante. Esse mesmo óleo é comestível, apresentando altos
teores de vitamina A. Também comestível e, dizem, saboroso, é o palmito extraído do broto
terminal da planta.
Com as folhas crescidas - ou "palhas", como diz o homem regional -, com suas fibras e com
seus brotos, segundo descrição de Carmo Bernardes, pode-se fazer de tudo: "a caroça de vedar
chuva, o tapiti de espremer massa de mandioca, o paneiro de empaiolar farinha, uma gradação de
balaios... as esteiras, as mantas, as redes de dormir, as cordas, as urupemas, os abanos e chiconãs
de carregar galinha..."
Por fim, segundo Pio Corrêa, o estipe do buriti fornece, por incisão, um líquido adocicado e
agradável com o qual se mata a sede. Fermentado, esse mesmo líquido se transforma em uma
bebida conhecida por "vinho de buriti".
Por sua beleza e por propiciar tantos bens aos homens e aos animais - que também sabem
apreciar e se fartar de seus frutos - o buriti foi a palmeira que mais encantou os naturalistas Spix e
Martius quando, pela primeira vez, encontraram-se no interior das terras brasileiras.
Fonte: Biblioteca Virtual do Estudante Brasileiro - Frutas no Brasil.
Aragão, FAS 4
C ARACTERÍSTICAS
Nome popular: buriti, carandá-guaçu; coqueiro-buriti; palmeira-do-brejo; miriti.

Nome científico: Mauritia flexuosa L. (Fam. Arecaceae)
Origem: Brasil - Regiões brejosas de várias formações vegetais.
Características da planta: Palmeira de porte elegante com estipe ereto de até 35 m de altura.
Folhas grandes, dispostas em leque. Flores em longos cachos de até 3 m de comprimento, de
coloração amarelada, surgem de dezembro a abril. Planta de crescimento muito lento e grande
longevidade. Os indivíduos acima de 10 m podem ter cerca de algumas centenas de anos (100
a 400 anos)
Folhas: pecioladas, glabras, compostas, multifolioladas, folíolos em leque, coriáceas
Flores: inflorescência, espádice
Floração: de dezembro a abril
Frutificação: de dezembro a junho
Fruto: Elipsóide, castanho-avermelhado, de superfície revestida por escamas brilhantes. Polpa
marcadamente amarela com mesocarpo carnoso. Semente oval dura e amêndoa comestível.
Frutifica de dezembro a junho.
Uso: Praticamente toda a planta tem utilização: as folhas servem para cobertura de telhados; os
pecíolos para construção de móveis e artesanatos; o tronco para construção civil; dos frutos
tirar licor doces e geléias.
Cultivo: Ocorre naturalmente isolada ou em grupos, de preferência nos terrenos pantanosos, sendo
por isso denominada Palmeira-do-brejo, Buritis Altos, Vereda do Buriti Pardo, Buriti Mirim,
Vereda Funda, Bom Buriti, Vereda-Meã, Buriti Comprido, Vereda-da-Vaca-Preta, Vereda-
Grande, Buriti-do-Á, Vereda do Ouriço-Cuim, Buriti-Pintado, Veredas-Mortas, Córrego do
Buriti-Comprido...
O BJETIVO
Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica, em bases de dados internacionais, acerca do que já foi
publicado, nas mais diversas áreas/temas sobre o buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.).
Aragão, FAS 5
R EVISÃO B IBLIOGRÁFICA
1 ALBORNOZ, A. GLC chromatography of seeds of Mauritia-flexuosa. Acta Cientifica

Venezolana. (29): p. 19, 1978. Supplement 2.
2 ALBUQUERQUE, M. L. S.; GUEDES, I.; ALCANTARA, R.; MOREIRA, S. G. C. Infrared

absorption spectra of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil. Vibrational Spectroscopy. 33(1-2): p.
127-131, 2003.
3 ALBUQUERQUE, M. L. S; GUEDES, I.; ALCANTARA, P.; MOREIRA, S. G. C.; NETO,

N. M. B.; CORREA, D. S.; ZILIO, S. C. Characterization of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil
by absorption and emission spectroscopies. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society.
16(6A): 1113-1117, 2005.
4 ALMEIDA, S. P. de; SILVA, J. A. da. Caryocar brasiliense and Mauritia vinifera - dietary
importance for the population of the cerrado. Brasília: Embrapa Cerrados, 1994. 38 p., il.
(Documentos, 54).
5 AQUINO, R. Feeding of game animals on aguajales in the Reserva Nacional Pacaya-Samiria

(Iquitos, Peru). Revista Peruana de Biologia. 12(3): 417-425, 2005.
6 BARBOSA, M. L. L.; VALENTE, R. de M. Mauritinus seferi Bondar, 1960: bionomy,

description of immature stages and redescription of adult (Coleoptera, Curculionidae).
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 47(1): p. 81-88, 2003.
7 BARRERA ARELLANO, D.; SOARES, E. F.; AGOSTINI, T. S.; CECCHI, H. M.

Characterization and carotenoid composition of buriti pulp oil. In: IFT ANNUAL MEETING,
1995. Proceedings… 1995. p. 194.
8 BLICHER-MATHIESEN, U.; SHUKLA, V. K. S. New sources of edible oils. In:

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEW ASPECTS OF DIETARY LIPIDS:
BENEFITS, HAZARDS AND USE, 1989, Goeteborg-Sweden. Proceedings… Risskov,
Denmark: Bot. Inst., Aarhus Univ., Nordlandsvej, 1990. p. 155-159.
9 BONADIE, W. A.; BACON, P. R. The structure and ecology of Mauritia setigera palm
swamp forest in Nariva swamp, Trinidad. Tropical Ecology. 40(2): p. 199-206, 1999.
10 BRAILOVSKY, H.; COUTURIER, G. A new species of Leptoglossus (Heteroptera: coreidae:

anisoscelini) associated with the Amazonian palm Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae:
lepidocaryeae) in Peru. Entomological News. 114(1): p. 18-22, 2003.
11 BRIGHTSMITH, D.J. Parrot nesting in southeastern Peru: seasonal patterns and keystone
trees. Wilson Bulletin. 117(3): p. 296-305, 2005.
Aragão, FAS 6
12 BYG, A.; BALSLEV, H. Palms in indigenous and settler communities in southeastern

Ecuador: farmers' perceptions and cultivation practices. Agroforestry Systems. 67(2): p. 147-
158, 2006.
13 CALBO, M. E. R.; MORAES, J. A. P. V. de. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance,

transpiration and osmotic adjustment of buriti plants subjected to water stress. Revista
Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal. 9(2): p. 117-123, 1997.
14 CALBO, M. E. R.; MORAES, J. A. P. V. de; CALBO, A. G. Growth, stomatal conductance,

photosynthesis and porosity of flooded Mauritia vinifera plants. Revista Brasileira de
Fisiologia Vegetal. 10(1): p. 51-58, 1998.
15 CARDOSO, G. de L.; ARAUJO, G. M. de; SILVA, S. A. da. Structure and dynamics of a

Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) population in a palm swamp of Estacao Ecologica do Panga,
Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Boletim do Herbario Ezechias Paulo Heringer. 9: 34-48,
2002.
16 CARRERA, L. Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa) a promising crop of the Peruvian Amazon. In:
ISHS CONFERENCE ON FRUIT PRODUCTION IN THE TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS,
2., 1999, Bonn Rottgen-GER. Proceedings... Bonn Rottgen: Acta Horticulturae - ISHS, 2000.
p. 229-235.
17 CASTRO, E. R.; GALETTI, M. Frugivory and seed dispersal by the tegu lizard Tupinambis
merianae (Reptilia: Teiidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia. 44(6): p. 91-97, 2004.
18 CAVALCANTI, L. de H.; MOBIN, M. Myxomycetes associated with palm trees at the Sete
Cidades National Park, Piaui State, Brazil. Systematics and Geography of Plants. 74(1):
109-127, 2004.
19 CERDA, H.; ARAUJO, Y.; GLEW, R. H.; PAOLETTI, M. G. Palm worm (Coleoptera,
Curculionidae: Rhynchophorus palmarum) a traditional food: examples from Alto Orinoco,
Venezuela. Ecological implications of minilivestock: potential of insects, rodents, frogs
and snails. p. 353-366, 2005.
20 CERDA, H.; MARTINEZ, R.; BRICENO, N.; PIZZOFERRATO, L.; MANZI, P.;
PONZETTA, M. T.; MARIN, O.; PAOLETTI, M. G. Palm worm: (Rhynchophorus
palmarum) traditional food in Amazonas, Venezuela - nutritional composition, small scale
production and tourist palatability. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 40(1): p. 13-32, 2001.
21 COOMES, O. T.; BARHAM, B. L.; TAKASAKI, Y. Targeting conservation-development

initiatives in tropical forests: insights from analyses of rain forest use and economic reliance
among Amazonian peasants. Ecological Economics. 51(1/2): 47-64, 2004.
22 COSTA, L. A. A.; COUTURIER, G. Neotropical mirids: revision of the genus
Aragão, FAS 7
Alvarengamiris Carvalho and two species described as new (Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae).
Revue Francaise d' Entomologie. 24(4): p. 183-191, 2002.
23 COSTA, S. G. V. A. O.; NITSCHKE, M.; HADDAD, R.; EBERLIN, M. N.; CONTIERO, J.

Production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI rhamnolipids following growth on Brazilian
native oils. Process Biochemistry. 41(2): p. 483-488, 2006.
24 COUTURIER, G.; COSTA, L.; BESERRA, P.; MEJIA, KEMBER; VASQUEZ, J.

Geographical distribution and host plant of the genus Alvarengamiris (Heteroptera: Miridae)
in Amazonia. Biogeographica. 79(2): p. 71-76, 2003.
25 DAROCHA, G. N.; BRODZKI, D.; DJEGAMARIADASSOU, G. Formation of alkanes,

alkylcycloalkanes and alkylbenzenes during the catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable-oils.
Fuel. 72(4) p. 543-849, 1993.
26 De OLIVEIRA, P. E.; FRANCA BARRETO, A. M.; SUGUIO, K. L. Pleistocene/Holocene

climatic and vegetational history of the Brazilian caatinga: The fossil dunes of the middle Sao
Francisco River. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 152(3-4): p. 319-337,
1999.
27 DELASCIO-CHITTY, F. Floristic composition of an anthropogenic palm stand (Morichito) in

Hato Pinero, Cojedes State, Venezuela. Acta Botanica Venezuelica. 22(1): p. 185-194, 1999.
28 DELGADO, C.; COUTURIER, G. Relationship between Mauritia flexuosa and Eupalamides

cyparissias in the Peruvian Amazon. Palms. 47(2): p. 104-106, 2003.
29 DIOTAIUTI, L.; SILVEIRA, A. C.; ELIAS, M.; STEINDEL, M. The possibility of

occurrence of Trypanosoma rangeli in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. Memorias do Instituto
Oswaldo Cruz. 87(3): 451, 1992.
30 ESCOBAR, R.; FRANCO, W.; TORRES LEZAMA, A. Water regime and microclimates of
the Caribbean pine plantations, morichal, and savanna on the Venezuelan eastern plains.
Revista Forestal Venezolana. 29(39-1): p. 49-65, 1995.
31 ESCRICHE, I.; RESTREPO, J.; SERRA, J. A.; HERRERA, L. F. Composition and nutritive
value of Amazonian palm fruits. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 20(3): p. 361-365, 1999.
32 FARIA, E. A. de; LELES, M. I. G; IONASHIRO, M.; ZUPPA, T. de O.; ANTONIOSI-

FILHO, N. R. Thermal stability of vegetal oils and fats by TG/DTG and DTA. Ecletica
Quimica. 27: 111-119, 2002.
33 FRAGOSO, J. M. V. Perception of scale and resource partitioning by peccaries: behavioral

causes and ecological implications. Journal of Mammalogy. 80(3): p. 993-1003, 1999.
Aragão, FAS 8
34 FRANCA, L. F.; REBER, G.; MEIRELES, M. A. A.; MACHADO, N. T.; BRUNNER, G.

Supercritical extraction of carotenoids and lipids from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), a fruit from
the Amazon region. Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 14(3): p. 247-256, 1999.
35 GARCIA-QUIROZ, A.; MOREIRA, S. G. C; de MORAIS, A. V.; SILVA, A. S.; da ROCHA,

G. N.; ALCANTARA, P. Physical and chemical analysis of dielectric properties and
differential scanning calorimetry techniques on buriti oil. Instrumentation Science &
Technology. 31(1): p. 93-101, 2003.
36 GODOY, H T; AMAYA, D. B. R. Occurrence of cis-isomers of provitamin A in Brazilian

fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 42(6): p. 1306-1313, 1994.
37 GODOY, H. T.; AMAYA, D. B. R. Buriti (Mauritia vinifera MART.), a very rich source of
provitamin A. Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia. 38(1): p. 109-120, 1995.
38 GOMEZ-BELOZ, A. Plant use knowledge of the Winikina Warao: the case for questionnaires
in ethnobotany. Economic Botany. 56(3): p. 231-241, 2002.
39 GONZALEZ, J. A. Harvesting, local trade, and conservation of parrots in the Northeastern

Peruvian Amazon. Biological Conservation. 114(3): p. 437-446, 2003.
40 GRANVILLE, J.J. Palms of French Guiana. Acta Botanica Gallica. 149(3): p. 275-288,
2002.
41 GRAYSON, T. L. The use of palms by the Pume Indians of southwestern Venezuela.

Principes. 36(3): p. 133-142, 1992.
42 GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; DUARTE, M. A.; RAMALHO, E. D.; PALMA, A. R. T.;

ROMANA, C. A.; CUBA, C. A. C. Spatial distribution of Triatominae populations
(Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Mauritia flexuosa palm trees in Federal District of Brazil. Revista
da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 37(3): p. 241-247, 2004.
43 GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; PALMA, A. R. T.; MENEZES, M. N. A.; LEITE, R. N.;

CUBA, C. A. C. Sampling Rhodnius neglectus in Mauritia flexuosa palm trees: a field study
in the Brazilian savanna. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 17(3): p. 347-349, 2003.
44 GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; PALMA, A. R. T.; MOTTA, P. C.; BAR, M. E.; CUBA, C. A.

C. Arthropods associated with the crown of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) palm trees in three
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45 GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; RAMALHO, E. D.; DUARTE, M. A.; PALMA, A. R. T.;

ABAD-FRANCH, F.; CARRANZA, J. C.; CUBA, C. A. C. Enzootic transmission of
Aragão, FAS 9
Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli in the Federal District of Brazil. Revista do Instituto de
Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo. 46(6): 323-330, 2004.
46 HERNANDEZ, J. V.; CERDA, H.; JAFFE, K.; SANCHEZ, P. Localization of hosts, daily
activity and optimization of captures of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum L.
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Agronomia Tropical Maracay. 42(3-4): 211-226, 1992.
47 HIRAOKA, M. Miriti (Mauritia flexuosa) palms and their uses and management among the
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48 HONG, L. T.; KILLMANN, W. Some ultramicroscopical aspects of parenchymatous tissues

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49 HUTCHINGS, R. S. G. Palm bract breeding sites and their exploitation by Toxorhynchites

(Lynchiella) haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in an upland forest of the
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56 KILLMANN, W.; HONG, L. T. Ultramicroscopical features of stegmata from some palm

stems. In: PACIFIC REGIONAL WOOD ANATOMY CONFERENCE, 2. 1989, Laguna,
PHI. Abstracts of papers… IAWA-Bulletin. 10(3): p. 339, 1989.
57 KNUDSEN, J.T.; TOLLSTEN, L.; ERVIK, F. Flower scent and pollination in selected
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58 KUNZ, T. H.; Mccracken, G. F. Tents and harems: Apparent defence of foliage roosts by tent-
making bats. Journal of Tropical Ecology. 12(1): p. 121-137, 1996.
59 LEHMAN, S. M.; ROBERTSON, K. L. Preliminary survey of Cacajao melanocephalus

melanocephalus in southern Venezuela. International Journal of Primatology. 15(6): 927-
934, 1994.
60 LINDEN, M. van der; LOPEZ C., R. Utilization of Amazonian palms in northeastern Peru.
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61 LLERAS, E.; CORADIN, L. Native neotropical oil palms: State of the art and perspectives for
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62 LOGNAY, G.; TREVEJO, E.; JORDAN, E.; MARLIER, M.; SEVERIN, M.; DEZARATE, I.
O. Investigations on Mauritia flexuosa L. oil. Grasas y Aceites. 38(5): p. 303-306, 1987.
63 MARIATH, J. G. R.; LIMA, M. C. C.; SANTOS, L. M. P. Vitamin A activity of buriti

(Mauritia vinifera Mart) and its effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of
xerophthalmia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 49(5): p. 849-853, 1989.
64 MARIMON, B. S.; FELFILI, J. M.; LIMA, E. de S.; PINHEIRO-NETO, J. Species

distribution patterns related to environmental factors in the Bacaba stream gallery forest, Nova
Xavantina, Mato Grosso. Boletim do Herbario Ezechias Paulo Heringer, 12: p. 84-100,
2003.
65 MARIMON, B. S.; FELFILI, J. M.; LIMA, E. S. Floristics and phytosociology of the gallery
forest of the Bacaba stream, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Edinburgh Journal of
Botany. 59(2): p. 303-318, 2002.
Aragão, FAS 11
66 MENDONCA, M. P. C. Buriti. Ensaios e Ciência: Série Ciências Biológicas, Agrárias, e da

Saúde. 3(2): p. 177-196, 1999.
67 MERCER, D. R.; SPINELLI, G. R.; WATTS, D. M.; TESH, R. B. Biting rates and
developmental substrates for biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Iquitos, Peru.
Journal of Medical Entomology. 40(6): 807-812, 2003.
68 MIRANDA, I. S. Floristic and structural analysis of wood vegetation of Comemoracao River,

Pimenta Bueno, Rondonia, Brazil. Acta Amazonica. 30(3): p. 393-422, 2000.
69 MOEGENBURG, S. M. Spatial and temporal variation in hydrochory in Amazonian

floodplain forest. Biotropica. 34(4): p. 606-612, 2002.
70 MORCOTE-RIOS, G.; Bernal, R. Remains of palms (Palmae) at archaeological sites in the

New World: a review. Botanical Review. 67(3): p. 309-350, 2001.
71 NARVAEZ, A.; STAUFFER, F. Products derived from palms at the Puerto Ayacucho
markets in Amazonas State, Venezuela. Palms. 43(3): p. 122-129, 1999.
72 NAVIA, D; FLECHTMANN, CHW. A new genus and five new species of Eriophyoidea
(Prostigmata) associated with palm trees from Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa. 1078: p. 41-58,
2005.
73 PADOCH, C. Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) in the economy of Iquitos, Peru. In: BALICK,
M. J. (Ed.). The palm - tree of life: biology, utilization and conservation - SYMPOSIUM AT
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74 PALACIOS, M. E.; DABROWSKI, K.; ABIADO, M. A. G.; LEE, K. J.; KOHLER, C. C.

Effect of diets formulated with native Peruvian plants on growth and feeding efficiency of red
pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) juveniles. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 37(3):
p. 246-255, 2006.
75 PEDERSEN, H. B.; BALSLEV, H. Ecuadorean palms for agroforestry. AAU Reports,

Botanical Institute Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark, 1990. 122p.
76 PEREIRA, L. A. R.; RIBEIRO CALBO, M. E.; FERREIRA, C. J. Anatomy of

pneumatophore of Mauritia vinifera Mart. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology.
43(3): p. 327-333, 2000.
77 PEREIRA, S. de J.; MUNIZ, G. I. B. de; KAMINSKI, M.; KLOCK, U.; NISGOSKI, S.;
FABROWSKI, F. J. Buriti (Mauritia vinifera Martius) pulp. Scientia Forestalis. (63): 202-
213, 2003.
Aragão, FAS 12
78 PEREZ EMAN, J. L.; PAOLILLO, A. Diet of the pelomedusid turtle Peltocephalus

dumerilianus in the Venezuelan Amazon. Journal of Herpetology. 31(2): p. 173-179, 1997.
79 PETERS, C. M.; BALICK, M. J.; KAHN, F.; ANDERSON, A. B. Oligarchic forests of

economic plants in Amazonia: utilization and conservation of an important tropical resource.
Conservation Biology. 3(4): 341-349, 1989.
80 PINTO, A. C. de Q. Production of fruit tree planting stock under conditions of the Cerrados
ecosystem. Brasília: Embrapa Cerrados, 1996. 112p., il. (Documentos, 62).
81 PONCE, M. E.; BRANDIN, J.; PONCE, M. A.; GONZALEZ, V. Germination and seedling
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State, Venezuela. Acta Botanica Venezuelica. 22(1): p. 167-183, 1999.
82 PONCE, M. E.; STAUFFER, F. W.; LOURDES-OLIVO, M. de; PONCE, M. A. Mauritia

flexuosa L. F. (Arecaceae). A revision of its use and conservation status in the Amazon Basin,
with particular emphasis on Venezuela. Acta Botanica Venezuelica. 23(1): p. 19-46, 2000.
83 PONCE-CALDERON, M. E. Patrones de caida de frutos en Mauritia flexuosa L.f. y fauna

involucrada en los procesos de remocion de semillas. Acta Botânica Venezuelica. 25(2): p.
119-142, 2002.
84 PUERTAS, P. E.; AQUINO, R.; ENCARNACION, F. Sharing of sleeping sites between

Aotus vociferans with other mammals in the peruvian Amazon. Primates. 36(2): 281-287,
1995.
85 RAMIREZ, N.; BRITO, Y. Reproductive biology of a tropical palm swamp community in the
Venezuelan Llanos. American Journal of Botany. 77(10): p. 1260-1271, 1990.
86 RAMOS, F. A.; MONTEIRO, P. P. M. Contributions to the production of native forest

species: nursery studies of twelve cerrado species. Boletim do Herbario Ezechias Paulo
Heringer. 2: p. 77-87, 1998.
87 RIZZINI, C. T.; COIMBRA FILHO, A. F.; HOUAISS, A. Brazilian ecosystems.

Ecossistemas brasileiros. Rio de Janeiro-BRA, 1988. 200 p.
88 RUIZ, M.J. Aguaje - food from the Amazonian forest. In: TEMAS FORESTALES, 6.
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1991. p. 28.
89 RULL, V. Successional patterns of the Gran Sabana (southeastern Venezuela) vegetation

during the last 5000 years, and its responses to climatic fluctuations and fire. Journal of
Biogeography. 19(3): p. 329-338, 1992.
Aragão, FAS 13
90 SAMONEK, F. Samonek, F.; Samo, I. Vegetable latex and fibres aqueous polymer
compound consists of a spreadable mix for molded rubberized fabrics manufacture. BR
n. 200405902-A, 16 dec. 2004, 22 aug. 2006.
91 SAN JOSE, J. J.; MEIRELLES, M. L.; BRACHO, R.; NIKONOVA, N. A comparative

analysis of the flooding and fire effects on the energy exchange in a wetland community
(Morichal) of the Orinoco Llanos. Journal of Hydrology Amsterdam. 242(3/4): p. 228-254,
2001.
92 SANTOS, J. R.; LACRUZ, M. S. P.; ARAUJO, L. S.; KEIL, M. Savanna and tropical
rainforest biomass estimation and spatialization using JERS-1 data. International Journal of
Remote Sensing. 23(7): p. 1217-1229, 2002.
93 SANTOS, L. M. P. Nutritional and ecological aspects of buriti or aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa

Linnaeus filius): a carotene-rich palm fruit from Latin America. Ecology of Food and
Nutrition. 44(5): p. 345-358, 2005.
94 SCHLEE, M. A. King vultures (Sarcoramphus papa) forage in moriche and cucurit palm
stands. Journal of Raptor Research. 39(4): p. 458-461, 2005.
95 SILVA, G. S. da. Cylindrocladium pteridis, causal agent of leaf spot of buriti (Mauritia
flexuosa). Fitopatologia Brasileira. 21(4): p. 523, 1996.
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fruits of the Cerrados region. Frutas nativas dos Cerrados, 1994. 166 p.
97 SOARES, R. P. P.; BARBOSA, S. E.; DUJARDIN, J. P.; SCHOFIELD, C. J.; SIQUEIRA, A.

M.; DIOTAIUTI, L. Characterization of Rhodnius neglectus from two regions of Brazil using
isoenzymes, genitalia morphology and morphometry. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
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98 SPERA, M. R. N.; CUNHA, R. DA; TEIXEIRA, J. B. Dormancy breaking, viability and

conservation of Mauritia flexuosa seeds. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira. 36(12): p. 1567-
1572, 2001.
99 STORTI, E. F. Floral biology of Mauritia flexuosa Lin Fil in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Acta
Amazonica. 23(4): 371-381, 1993.
100 SVENNING, J. C. Recruitment of tall arborescent palms in the Yasuni National Park,
Amazonian Ecuador: are large treefall gaps important? Journal of Tropical Ecology. 15(3):
p. 355-366, 1999.
101 TAVARES, M.; AUED PIMENTEL, S.; LAMARDO, L. C. A.; CAMPOS, N. C.; JORGE, L.
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I. F.; GONZALEZ, E. Chemical composition and anatomic study of buriti fruits from
Buritizal City, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. 62(3): p. 227-232,
2003.
102 TEIKKHIANG, G.; HYDE, K. D. A new species of Nectria on Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae)
in Ecuador and a key to Nectria and allied genera on palms. Mycoscience. 37(3): p. 277-282,
1996.
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Temas das Publicações
Anatomia Vegetal Medicina Tropical

Botânica Nutracêutica
Ecofisiologia Nutrição
Ecologia Nutrição Animal
Ecologia / Nutrição Humana Nutrição Humana
Economia Ornitologia
Entomologia Paleontologia
Epidemiologia Processamento
Etnobotânica Propagação
Etnobotânica / Economia Química
Etnobotânica / Recursos Genéticos Química Orgânica
Fisico-química Química Orgânica / Botânica
Fisiologia de Sementes Recursos Genéticos
Fisiologia Vegetal Reprodução Vegetal
Fitopatologia Taxomonia
Geoprocessamento Zoologia
Aragão, FAS 15
A BSTRACTS
Anatomia Vegetal
PEREIRA, L. A. R.; RIBEIRO CALBO, M. E.; FERREIRA, C. J. Anatomy of pneumatophore of
Mauritia vinifera Mart. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 43(3): p. 327-333, 2000.
Pneumatophores of Mauritia vinifera Mart. were collected from six month-old plants maintained
submerged in fresh water to induce pneumatophore formation. Twenty day-old pneumatophores had
a quite prominent root cap. The epidermis was composed of hexagonal cells, tangentially
distributed along the cylindric surface of the organ. In transverse section these pneumatophores had
a simple epidermis over several layers of sclerified parenchyma, which covered an aerenchyma with
large intercellular spaces. The endodermal cells had Casparian strips. The vascular cylinder was
polyarch, with a pith and surrounded by a unisseriate pericycle. Anatomically the 4 month-old
pneumatophores were similar to the younger ones, except for the absence of the epidermis. The
epidermis is replaced by a protective tissue, whose lignified and suberized cells projected
themselves outwards, giving it a filamentous aspect. There was no accumulation of starch or tannins
in the pneumatophores, except for the presence of statoliths in the root cap. No lenticels were
observed in pneumatophores of M. vinifera. The main function of the pneumatophores of M.
vinifera is to allow gas exchange, facilitating the supply of oxygen to the submerged root portions.
HONG, L. T.; KILLMANN, W. Some ultramicroscopical aspects of parenchymatous tissues of

palm stems. In: PACIFIC REGIONAL WOOD ANATOMY CONFERENCE, 2. 1989, Laguna,
PHI. Abstracts of papers… IAWA-Bulletin. 10(3): p. 337-338, 1989.
The parenchymatous ground tissue of seven plants from 6 genera was examined with scanning
electron microscopy. The species examined were Mauritia flexuosa from Manaus, Brazil, and
Livistona rotundifolia, Areca catechu, Arenga westerhoutii, Oncosperma horridum, O. tigillarium
and Elaeis guineensis from Malaysia. Starch was present in the parenchyma of all the species but
lesser amounts were noticed in L. rotundifolia, O. horridum and E. guineensis. The grains were
mostly globular, coming in various sizes. Oncosperma horridum and O. tigillarium generally have
large starch grains. Parenchyma cells of M. flexuosa, L. rotundifolia, Arenga westerhoutii and E.
guineensis have thinner walls while Areca catechu, O. horridum and O. tigillarium have thick,
multilayered walls. The thick-walled parenchyma cells usually have their long axis arranged
horizontally in relation to the direction of the trunks and the thin-walled cells were isodiametric.
Narrow bands consisting of 2-3 rows of parenchyma cells were present in O. horridum and O.
tigillarium when compared with the other species. Lacunae were observed in Mauritia flexuosa and
Areca catechu. The size and density of pits vary from species to species. The presence of pectic
strands in the intercellular spaces was also observed.
KILLMANN, W.; HONG, L. T. Ultramicroscopical features of stegmata from some palm stems. In:
PACIFIC REGIONAL WOOD ANATOMY CONFERENCE, 2. 1989, Laguna, PHI. Abstracts of
papers… IAWA-Bulletin. 10(3): p. 339, 1989.
Scanning electron micrographic observations were carried out on the stegmata from six genera of
palms, viz. Areca catechu, Arenga westerhoutii, Oncosperma horridum, O. tigillarium, Livistona
rotundifolia, Elaeis guineensis (from Kuala Lumpur) and Mauritia flexuosa (from Manaus, Brazil).
The stegmata of all the genera were found in longitudinal files adjacent to vascular bundles, usually
situated on the fibre side of such bundles. They were small in size compared with the adjacent
parenchyma cells and were observed to contain 'spherical' silica bodies. There was variation
Aragão, FAS 16
between species with regard to distribution of stegmata along the fibres, but there was no distinct
difference between the silica bodies: all were druse-like in appearance, though varying slightly in
shape.
Botânica
GRANVILLE, J.J. Palms of French Guiana. Acta Botanica Gallica. 149(3): p. 275-288, 2002.
Number of species per genus, distribution patterns and habitats of Guianan palms are briefly
exposed. Species diversity is discussed, following the classification of Uhl and Dransfield (1987):
number of genera and species per tribe, distribution in French Guiana, relative abundance,
characteristics and description of the habit of the most striking species. Lastly, the 67 species
known from French Guiana, as well as the most common vernacular names are listed.
MARIMON, B. S.; FELFILI, J. M.; LIMA, E. S. Floristics and phytosociology of the gallery forest
of the Bacaba stream, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 59(2):
p. 303-318, 2002.
The study was carried out on the gallery forest of the Bacaba stream situated in the Municipal
Ecological Reserve 'Mario Viana' (14degree43'S, 52 degree 21'W) in Nova Xavantina, Eastern
Mato Grosso, Brazil. Three sections of the gallery (upper, middle and lower) running downstream
and differing in slope were surveyed by stratified sampling. Forty-seven nested 10m X 10m plots
were analysed in each section, giving a total sampling area of 1.41ha overall. All trees or lianas
gtoreq 15cm girth at breast height were recorded and a total of 129 species belonging to 105 genera
and 47 families were found. Diversity was high, with the Shannon index ranging from 3.84
nats/individual in the lower section to 4.08 in the middle section. The most important families (IVI)
were Caesalpiniaceae (upper and middle sections) and Arecaceae (lower section), and the most
important species were Diospyros obovata (upper section), Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa
(middle section) and Mauritia flexuosa (lower section). Morisita and Sorensen indices of similarity
were calculated. The floristic composition was complex and included species in common with a
number of Brazilian forest types and with cerrado (savanna), as well as many widespread species,
but stronger links with Amazonian forests could be detected. This is to be expected since the area
lies in the ecotonal zone of the cerrado and Amazonian forest biomes and the Bacaba stream itself is
a tributary of the Mortes-Araguaia-Amazon river system.
MORCOTE-RIOS, G.; Bernal, R. Remains of palms (Palmae) at archaeological sites in the New
World: a review. Botanical Review. 67(3): p. 309-350, 2001.
A review of palm remains recorded at archaeological sites throughout the New World is presented.
Remains have been found at 130 sites from the southern United States to southern Uruguay. They
are of four kinds: carbonized or dry endocarps or seeds, phytoliths, pollen, and implements.
Twenty-nine genera and at least 50 species of palms (i.e., about 9% of all American species) have
been recorded. The oldest record dates back to 14,700 B.P. for carbonized endocarp fragments of an
unidentified palm in Rondonia, Brazil. The use of palms, as recorded from remains, was particularly
widespread after 9000 B.P. The predominant remains are endocarps of Acrocomia, Attalea s.l.,
Astrocaryum, Bactris, Syagrus, Elaeis, and Oenocarpus, all of which are important sources of
edible oils or edible fruits and are still widely used by aboriginal peoples. The review supports the
hypothesis that human groups have played an important role in the dispersal of some palm species
in the neotropics. Human-aided dispersal of Acrocomia aculeata from South America into Central
America, and of Oenocarpus bataua from northwestern Amazonia to other areas, is postulated.
Aragão, FAS 17
Archaeological remains support the hypothesis that pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) was domesticated in
the inter-Andean valleys or on the adjacent Pacific lowlands of Colombia and later introduced into
the Amazon Basin.
DELASCIO-CHITTY, F. Floristic composition of an anthropogenic palm stand (Morichito) in Hato

Pinero, Cojedes State, Venezuela. Acta Botanica Venezuelica. 22(1): p. 185-194, 1999.
The morichal stand (Mauritia flexuosa) known as Morichito is an anthropogenic community of the
Hato Pinero in the central western plains of Venezuela in the south-eastern part of the state of
Cojedes. Botanical inventories between September 1992 and September 1997 showed that 55
families, 105 genera and 111 species occur in the morichal. Of these species 12 are new records for
the flora of the state of Cojedes. This paper gives a general description of the morichal and lists the
herbarium material collected.
Ecofisiologia
SAN JOSE, J. J.; MEIRELLES, M. L.; BRACHO, R.; NIKONOVA, N. A comparative analysis of
the flooding and fire effects on the energy exchange in a wetland community (Morichal) of the
Orinoco Llanos. Journal of Hydrology Amsterdam. 242(3/4): p. 228-254, 2001.
The effects of flooding and fire stress on a wetland energy balance (wetland palm (Mauritia
flexuosa) community on a Mollic Fluvaquent [Entisol]) during the dry season of the Orinoco
lowlands in Venezuela were analysed. The effect of flooding for burning conditions was evaluated
by comparing flux measurements in a flooded/burned (T1) and an unflooded/burned (T3) stand, and
the effect of burning for flooding conditions was also determined by distinguishing between a (T1)
and a flooded/unburned (T2) stand. The examined factors had an effect on the canopy features
related to coverage and aerodynamic forcing conditions. The albedo for the surface of T1, T2 and
T3 was 0.8, 0.16 and 0.14, respectively. The unflooded conditions of the burned stands (T1 and T3)
resulted in an increase in albedo, whereas burning reduced the albedo of the flooded stands (T1 and
T2). Changes in surface temperature determined variations in the average daily output of long-wave
ratios between stands with the most average daily net loss of long-wave radiation (-36.3 MJ m-2
day-1) corresponding to the flooded/burned stand (T1). In the stands, the changes in albedo and
surface temperature lead to variation in the available energy. Thus, the average daily net radiation
(Rn) was affected by burning of the flooded stands, being 15.2 MJ m-2 day-1 in T1 and 14.7 MJ m-
2 day-1 in T2. The effect of flooding on the average daily Rn (13.1 MJ m-2 day-1) was evident
when T1 was compared to T3. The partitioning of Rn into sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat flux
over the three stands was measured simultaneously using the Bowen ratio/gradient method, which
was temporally corroborated by means of the eddy covariance approach. Average daily LE: average
daily Rn was 0.78, 0.78 and 0.80 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. However, the partitioning of
average daily LE into transpiration and evaporation was affected clearly by the analysed factors.
Thus, burning reduced the transpiration rate from -8.5 to -3.3 MJ m-2 day-1 for the flooded stands
(T2 and T1, respectively). Whereas, flooding varied only a small amount on the average daily
transpiration rate in the burned stands (T1 and T2) (-3.3 and -3.4 MJ m-2 day-1). Over the stands,
the average daily H in relation to Rn for T1, T2 and T3 was 0.19, 0.21 and 0.22, respectively. In
relation to the net storage heat flux ( Delta SH), the water table at or above the sediments was a
small heat sink as the radiation intercepted by the canopies was relatively large. The average daily
net storage heat flux was enhanced slightly in T1 as compared to (T3). Whereas, in the surface of
the unburned stand, Delta SH is in thermical equilibrium. Evaluation of evapotranspiration models
as a function of the hourly LE measured over the three stands, indicates that the Penman
evapotranspiration model for equilibrium is appropriated for modelling long -term
Aragão, FAS 18
evapotranspiration, and therefore LE is controlled mainly by the available energy and temperature.
However, the slope was above 1 (1.11, 1.12 and 1.04 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively). This possible
surface control on the results was corroborated by the Penman-Monteith and Slatyer-McIlroy model
for a negligible surface resistance. The modelled values were over-predicted and consequently
surface resistance affected partially the results. The effect of the areal surface resistance on wetland
potential evapotranspiration was assessed as the wetland is surrounded by a dry savanna
environment. The relationship between wetland potential evaporation and savanna evaporation was
evaluated using the Lhomme closed-box model of the convective boundary layer. The results
indicate that the savanna surface resistance enhances the wetland potential evaporation at
equilibrium. The results reported in this analysis are pertinent to similar Orinoco wetlands,
nevertheless the controls and functioning of herbaceous wetlands under the described land-use
practices are revealing common features for wetlands surrounded by regional savannas in South
America.
SVENNING, J. C. Recruitment of tall arborescent palms in the Yasuni National Park, Amazonian
Ecuador: are large treefall gaps important? Journal of Tropical Ecology. 15(3): p. 355-366, 1999.
A study was conducted during 1994-95 in a 50 ha plot located south of the Yasuni Scientific
Station, Napo Province, in lowland Amazonian Ecuador to test 3 hypotheses: (i) that the light
requirement of juveniles of tall arborescent palms increases as they grow in size; (ii) tall arborescent
palms depend on gaps over 0.10 ha for growth and survival to maturity, due to high light
requirements during the stem height growth phase; and (iii) stilt-rooted palms are not dependent on
gaps for juvenile height growth. These hypotheses were evaluated using data on size and crown
position of individuals of tall arborescent palm species (including Astrocaryum chambira, Attalea
maripa, Euterpe precatoria, Iriartea deltoidea, Mauritia flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua, Socratea
exorrhiza and Wettinia maynensis) in addition to data on the forest -phase in which each individual
grew. The first hypothesis was accepted for the 2 most common species, Iriartea deltoidea and
Oenocarpus bataua, but tentatively rejected for the arborescent palm community as a whole. The
second hypothesis was rejected for Iriartea and the community as a whole. Only Oenocarpus had
strongly gap-dependent recruitment. The results for Iriartea and Oenocarpus were consistent with
the third hypothesis.
ESCOBAR, R.; FRANCO, W.; TORRES LEZAMA, A. Water regime and microclimates of the
Caribbean pine plantations, morichal, and savanna on the Venezuelan eastern plains. Revista
Forestal Venezolana. 29(39-1): p. 49-65, 1995.
In studies in southern Monagas State, Venezuela, the morichal (Mauritia flexuosa stand) and pine
plantation (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis) exhibited similar rainfall interception (35.7 and 32%,
respectively), but significant differences were observed in the capacity for intercepting daily total
rainfall of different intensities. Water evaporation results at 10 cm were very different in each
environment. The soil at the morichal remained saturated below 25 cm most of the time, but had
enough aeration in the upper horizon. Soil humidity in the savanna was higher than in the
plantation, and for the majority of time the water capacity was above field capacity. Periods of
saturation were not observed in the plantation. The differences observed in the 3 ecosystems were
attributed to the diverse structure and complexity of the vegetation types, the topographical
position, and the soil characteristics.
Ecologia
FRAGOSO, J. M. V. Perception of scale and resource partitioning by peccaries: behavioral causes
Aragão, FAS 19
and ecological implications. Journal of Mammalogy. 80(3): p. 993-1003, 1999.
Two herds of white-lipped (Tayassu pecari) and two herds of collared (T. tajacu) peccaries were
monitored by aerial and ground radiotelemetry in rainforest and rainforest-savanna-wetland edge
vegetation from January 1992 to January 1993 (total locations = 194) in the northern Brazilian
Amazon. Small- and large-scale patterns of vegetation in their ranges were quantified and
described, and dietary items were noted. One herd of white-lipped peccaries was radiotracked in the
dry and wet-flood seasons and the other herd was followed only for the wet-flood season.
Considering the total area of ranges of the four herds as available habitat, white-lipped peccaries
used palm (Mauritia flexuosa) wetlands and savanna wetlands more than expected, whereas
collared peccaries used terra-firme forest more often than expected. White-lipped peccaries did not
show seasonal differences in habitat use. One herd of white -lipped peccaries spent more time in
riverine vegetation and savanna-wetlands than the other, which preferred palm-wetlands and terra-
firme forest. Collared peccaries occurred almost exclusively in terra-firme forest; they did not enter
savanna-wetlands and rarely used riverine vegetation. Each species may be responding to different
levels of organization of the vegetation. Collared peccaries partitioned their habitats at finer scales
of resolution than white -lipped peccaries, and the two species may have different habitat
requirements due to differences in body size, morphology, and behavior. Apparent requirements of
white-lipped peccaries for a large-scale landscape-level mosaic of vegetation types and collared
peccaries for a single large-scale vegetation type may explain the higher susceptibility of white-
lipped peccaries to extirpation by anthropogenic disturbance.
BYG, A.; BALSLEV, H. Palms in indigenous and settler communities in southeastern Ecuador:
farmers' perceptions and cultivation practices. Agroforestry Systems. 67(2): p. 147-158, 2006.
Most palms used in agroforestry systems are exploited from wild stands or are only occasionally
cultivated, while only a few palms have been domesticated. This study determines how socio-
economic factors and people's perceptions of changes in palm use and availability, influenced palm
cultivation among indigenous Shuar and mestizo settlers in south-eastern Ecuador. It was also
examined how different uses of palms influenced which species they cultivated. These species
include Bactris gasipaes, Wettinia maynensis, Mauritia flexuosa, Iriartea deltoidea, Prestoea
ensiformis, Oenocarpus mapora, Euterpe precatoria, Socratea exorrhiza, Aphandra natalia and
Pholidostachys synanthera. Results showed that perceptions of declining palm availability in
combination with heavy reliance on palm products was positively related to palm cultivation.
Hence, cultivation was more common in more remote villages where alternative products were hard
to get. In addition, palm cultivation was more common among wealthier people and among
indigenous people than among recent settlers. This points to a limiting role of assets such as land
and to the importance of history and culture with regard to cultivation. It was not possible to
identify any single palm use as the primary reason for cultivating a species, but the more uses a
species had, the more likely it was to be cultivated. These findings have important implications for
development projects that promote cultivation of palms and other long-lived tree crops. They
illustrate how market access and lack of necessary assets may undermine cultivation of native
species even though these are regarded as important resources.
MARIMON, B. S.; FELFILI, J. M.; LIMA, E. de S.; PINHEIRO-NETO, J. Species distribution

patterns related to environmental factors in the Bacaba stream gallery forest, Nova Xavantina, Mato
Grosso. Boletim do Herbario Ezechias Paulo Heringer, 12: p. 84-100, 2003.
The patterns of species distribution within the Bacaba gallery forest, at the "Reserva Municipal
Mario Viana" in Nova Xavantina-MT regarding humidity and topographical gradients were
Aragão, FAS 20
investigated. Three portions of the forest were sampled: upper, middle and lower following a
topographical gradient. A total of 141 plots were sampled. The sampling was systematic with 47
contiguous plots located in each portion. In each plot all individuals with girth at breast height 15
cm were identified and measured. The position of each plot in relation to the stream was registered
as well as the depth of the watertable. DCA ordination (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) and
TWINSPAN (Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis) indicated that the species form distinct
communities according to their position regarding the streambed. The differentiation is mainly
related to the humidity gradient due to the fluctuations of the watertable (streambank and edge of
the forest) and also with the topographical variations (upper/middle and lower portions). Distinct
floristic communities were identified and Aspidosperma subincanum and Hymenaea courbaril were
characteristic of the dry community and Calophyllum brasiliense and Mauritia flexuosa in the
moist.
PONCE-CALDERON, M. E. Fruit-fall patterns of Mauritia flexuosa L. f. and the fauna involved in

seed removal. Acta Botânica Venezuelica. 25(2): p. 119-142, 2002.
A study was carried out on the fruit-fall patterns of Mauritia flexuosa (moriche) in the southeast
region of Guarico State, during a period of two years. Its purpose was to establish if the
physionomic and floristic characteristics in open morichal, closed morichal and evergreen forest
communities with contrasting light conditions, influenced fruiting phenology, as well as percentage
of seeds removed by disperser. The results show coincidence between the phenophase of ripening
and fruit fall with maximum rainfall. Such a situation takes place over a short period. The fauna
involved in the seed dispersal process showed a generalist and opportunistic behavior and a clear
preference for removing the resource all the year, depending on the habitat features and the isolate
condition of the palm with respect to the remainder on the individuals of the same sex.
CARDOSO, G. de L.; ARAUJO, G. M. de; SILVA, S. A. da. Structure and dynamics of a Mauritia
flexuosa (Arecaceae) population in a palm swamp of Estacao Ecologica do Panga, Uberlandia,
Minas Gerais, Brazil. Boletim do Herbario Ezechias Paulo Heringer. 9: 34-48, 2002.
A study was conducted in a 'verada' (palm swamp) area of Estacao Ecologica do Panga, Uberlandia,
Minas Gerais, Brazil, to investigate the structure and dynamics of a Mauritia flexuosa population.
Data collection was carried out in July 1997 and 1998 in an area of 2.17 ha. M. flexuosa individuals
were classified in three growth stages: juveniles having only leaves, intermediates with stem
covered by leaf sheaths, and adults with well defined stem. In the juveniles, the height and diameter
of the petioles were measured. In the other two stages, stem height and diameter were measured. In
1997, 524 individuals of M. flexuosa were found, and of these, 494 were juvenile, 4 intermediates
and 26 adults. In 1998, the population decreased to 482 individuals of which juveniles comprised
93.78%. The mortality rate for the studied population was 8.02%. The shorter juveniles individuals
showed the highest death and growing rates. The occurrence of M. flexuosa was clearly influenced
by soil water content.
MOEGENBURG, S. M. Spatial and temporal variation in hydrochory in Amazonian floodplain

forest. Biotropica. 34(4): p. 606-612, 2002.
The hypothesis that water depth, plant species, and the presence of submerged substrates influence
seed dispersal by water was tested in a whitewater tributary of the Tocantins River (in Para State,
Brazil) of the Amazon Basin. Seed dispersal was greatest when water depth was greatest, which
occurred during the new moon. Seeds of buoyant species (Mauritia flexuosa, Carapa guianensis,
Virola surinamensis, Hevea brasiliensis, Euterpe oleracea and Euphorbiaceae sp.) with smaller
Aragão, FAS 21
seeds required less water for dispersal than large seeded species. Submerged objects reduced the
distance dispersed but not the probability of dispersal.
MIRANDA, I. S. Floristic and structural analysis of wood vegetation of Comemoracao River,

Pimenta Bueno, Rondonia, Brazil. Acta Amazonica. 30(3): p. 393-422, 2000.
The floristic composition and structure of the vegetation in the valley of the River Comemoracao
was studied. The structural survey was carried out on ten transects distributed in terra firme forest
(3), riparian forest (5) and open swamp forest (2). The Point centered-quarter method was used,
with 50 sampling points, distributed 10 m from each other. At each point four plants were sampled,
with the minimum limit of 10 cm circumference at breast height (CBH). All the studied
communities showed circumference distributions following a negative exponential curve. Species
richness and diversity indices were largest in the terra firme forests; the riparian forests showed
largest basal areas; and the swamp forests presented the largest number of individuals/ha, although
the basal area/ha was low. In the terra firme forests the most important species were: Qualea
paraensis, Maquira guianensis, Macrolobium acaciefolium and Dialium guianensis. In the riparian
forests the most important species were: Maquira guianensis, Macrolobium acaciefolium, Zygia
latifolia, Couratari tenuicarpa, Mauritia flexuosa, Protium apiculatum, Parkia panurensis,
Oenocarpus bataua and Qualea paraensis. In the swamp forests the most important species were:
Pseudobombax cf. faroense, Qualea paraensis, Virola surinamensis, Clusia cf. planchoniana,
Macrolobium angustifolium and Ferdinandusa guianensis. The great majority (92%) of the species
were found in only one community, only 30 species were found in two or more communities. The
similarity and cluster analysis revealed a great floristic and structural heterogeneity both within and
among the three communities types.
BONADIE, W. A.; BACON, P. R. The structure and ecology of Mauritia setigera palm swamp
forest in Nariva swamp, Trinidad. Tropical Ecology. 40(2): p. 199-206, 1999.
Palm swamp forests in Trinidad are an important component of the vegetation in the Nariva swamp,
a Ramsar site. Mauritia setigera [M. flexuosa] palm swamp forest structure and ecology was
studied using selected stands. The forest has an open canopy with palms up to 22 m tall, and a
density of trees >=10 cm dbh of 344 per hectare. The Mauritia palm contributes 43% of individuals
and is the most important of eight tree species >=10 cm dbh. Thirty four species are found, most
being understorey shrubs and herbs. Peak ripe fruit availability is from September to May. The
forest develops under tropical conditions, high water levels, low salinity and a distinct hydroperiod.
The presence of a large number of Pterocarpus trees in the forest suggests that the species may be
competing for dominance or the forest is in the process of succession from Pterocarpus forest to
Mauritia palm swamp according to Bacon's (1990) hypothesis of succession in Trinidad's forested
wetlands.
KUNZ, T. H.; MCCRACKEN, G. F. Tents and harems: Apparent defence of foliage roosts by tent-
making bats. Journal of Tropical Ecology. 12(1): p. 121-137, 1996.
Palmate umbrella tents used by tent-making bats in Trinidad, West Indies, were observed in three
species of Neotropical palms, Sabal mauritiiformis, Coccothrinax barbadensis and Mauritia
flexuosa. Tents were most common in palm leaves that have supporting petioles angled at 50-70
degrees above the horizontal. The shape and volume of tents is influenced mostly by leaf
morphology (leaf width and leaflet length) and age of the tent. Tent-crowns varied from being
heart-shaped in S. mauritiiformis, oval or round in C. barbadensis and spade-shaped in M. flexuosa.
Leaves in which tents were constructed were most often beneath overhanging vegetation, and were
Aragão, FAS 22
generally free of vegetation below, allowing bats to enter and depart from tents without being
impeded by the clutter of adjacent vegetation. Singles and small apparent harem groups of two bat
species, Artibeus jamaicensis and Uroderma bilobatum, were captured and observed in tents made
from the leaves of S. mauritiiformis and C. barbadensis. No bats were observed in tents constructed
in leaves of M. flexuosa. The apparent harem social organization in these and other tent-making bat
species suggests that leaves modified into tents may provide critical and defendable resources that
promote the evolution of polygyny. This hypothesis is based on the observed patchy distribution of
suitable palm trees, the inappropriateness of many palm leaves as potential tents and the resultant
architecture provided by palmate umbrella tents. We suggest that tent-making is an adult male
behaviour.
PUERTAS, P. E.; AQUINO, R.; ENCARNACION, F. Sharing of sleeping sites between Aotus
vociferans with other mammals in the peruvian Amazon. Primates. 36(2): 281-287, 1995.
In studies performed during 1986, 1987, 1990, and 1991, in the seasonally flooded forest of the
Nape and Nanay river basin, we recorded seven instances of cohabitation in night monkeys, Aotus
vociferans. Cohabitation refers to the sharing of a sleeping site of one species of animal with other
different species of animals (AQUINO and ENCARNACION, 1986). We also recorded two
instances of cooccupation of night monkeys with other species of nocturnal mammals.
Cooccupation refers to the independent use of different sleeping sites within the same tree by two or
more species of animals. This study is the first report of cooccupation within the genera Aotus.
Forty-five sleeping trees with entrance holes were used by the night monkeys. In addition, one
sleeping site was observed in a small concavity of the foliar sheath on a Mauritia flexuosa palm.
LEHMAN, S. M.; ROBERTSON, K. L. Preliminary survey of Cacajao melanocephalus

melanocephalus in southern Venezuela. International Journal of Primatology. 15(6): 927-934,
1994.
We conducted a survey of Cacajao melanocephalus melanocephalus in southern Amazonas,

Venezuela, to update information on their distribution and to select a site for a longitudinal study.
We surveyed along the Rio Negro, Brazo Casiquiare, Rio Pasimoni, and Rio Baria and interviewed
local people. We observed C. m. melanocephalus four times along the Rio Pasimoni (N = 2) and the
Rio Baria (N = 2). Group size ranged from 3 to 20 individuals. They ate immature seeds from
heavily armored fruit of the chicle tree (Manilkara bidentata or Manilkara zapota) and Mauritia
flexuosa. Local people reported hunting primates, particularly C. m. melanocephalus, once per
week. Mercury residue from illegal gold mining may be poisoning local ecosystems. Hunting
pressures may have eliminated C. m. melanocephalus from much of its range in southern
Amazonas. Urgent steps must be taken toward the conservation of C. m. melanocephalus in this
region.
RULL, V. Successional patterns of the Gran Sabana (southeastern Venezuela) vegetation during the
last 5000 years, and its responses to climatic fluctuations and fire. Journal of Biogeography. 19(3):
p. 329-338, 1992.
Three Holocene palynological records from the region were studied from an ecological perspective,
in order to examine and to compare the responses of plant communities to external disturbances, i.e.
climatic changes and fire. Attraction domains were defined using modem surface samples to build a
multidimensional space, in which successional trends (deduced from palaeoecological data) were
plotted. Both dryness and tire produced the substitution of forest by open savanna, but at different
time scales. Forests did not recuperate at any time interval of this study, though a humid climate
Aragão, FAS 23
returned. In its place, morichales (swamp communities dominated by Mauritia flexuosa [Palmae])
developed in a general landscape of open savanna. More detailed palaeoecological studies using
fine resolution techniques, with emphasis on transitional phases, are recommended.
KAHN, F.; MEJIA, K. Palm communities in wetland forest ecosystems of Peruvian Amazonia. In:
JACKSON, B. D. (Ed.). The international forested wetlands resource: identification and inventory -
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, 1988, Baton Rouge - EUA. Proceedings… Amsterdam:
Forest Ecology and Management. 33-34(1-4): p. 169-179, 1990.
Palm surveys in most representative wetland forest ecosystems were carried out in the lower
Ucayali and upper Huallaga River valleys, in the lowland and Andean piedmont regions of Peruvian
Amazonia, respectively. These ecosystems are characterized by species association, density, and
vertical distribution of their palm communities. Palms form (1) almost monospecific stands, e.g.
Mauritia flexuosa swamps (aguajal), (2) multispecific communities, e.g. seasonal swamp forests in
upland valleys (bosque de quebrada) which are dominated by Euterpe precatoria, Jessenia bataua,
Mauritia flexuosa and Socratea exorrhiza, and (3) forests on periodically flooded alluvial soils
(restinga) dominated by some species of the genera Astrocaryum, Phytelephas and Scheelea. Palm
diversity is very low in forests which are periodically flooded by blackwater streams (tahuampa);
palm density, however, is often high with a characteristic patchy distribution due to clustered
species.
RIZZINI, C. T.; COIMBRA FILHO, A. F.; HOUAISS, A. Brazilian ecosystems. Ecossistemas

brasileiros. Rio de Janeiro-BRA, 1988. 200 p.
A book, lavishly illustrated with line drawings and colour photographs, describing the major
vegetation types of Brazil and associated fauna: Amazon forest; Atlantic forest; pinheiral ('pine
forest'), dominated by Araucaria angustifolia; mangrove swamp; restinga (coastal vegetation);
cerrado; gallery forest; campo (grassland); cocal, dominated by the babacu oil palm (Orbygnia
[Orbignya] martiana); buritizal, woodland dominated by the buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa);
caatinga; and pantanal, vegetation of the alluvial plain of the Paraguay River, often flooded.
KAHN, F. Ecology of economically important palms in Peruvian Amazonia. In: BALICK, M. J.

(Ed.). The palm - tree of life: biology, utilization and conservation - SYMPOSIUM AT THE
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR ECONOMIC BOTANY, 1986, New York.
Proceedings… New York: Advances in Economic Botany. 6: p. 42-49, 1988.
The economic potential of several Peruvian palms is discussed. Three especially promising species,
Jessenia bataua, Mauritia flexuosa and Euterpe precatoria (used for oil, edible fruits + starch, and
palmheart, respectively), constitute dense populations in seasonal swamp forests on waterlogged
soils which are generally considered as unfit for agriculture.
Ecologia / Nutrição Hunama

SANTOS, L. M. P. Nutritional and ecological aspects of buriti or aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa
Linnaeus filius): a carotene-rich palm fruit from Latin America. Ecology of Food and Nutrition.
44(5): p. 345-358, 2005.
Mauritia flexuosa, a palm tree native of Latin America, is an excellent source of carotenes. The
natural habitats are swamps; nevertheless, with sufficient water supply, it can grow in other soils.
Buriti is the richest natural source of beta carotene known (152,000 mu g RAE/100g in the oil).
Aragão, FAS 24
Animal studies showed an extremely high bioavailability, probably due to its oily composition. The
effectiveness of buriti in treating and preventing xerophthalmia was demonstrated in a controlled
community trial with 44 children in Brazil. In conclusion, this fruit has an enormous potential in
preventing vitamin A deficiency in Latin America and elsewhere.
Economia
COOMES, O. T.; BARHAM, B. L.; TAKASAKI, Y. Targeting conservation-development
initiatives in tropical forests: insights from analyses of rain forest use and economic reliance among
Amazonian peasants. Ecological Economics. 51(1/2): 47-64, 2004.
An important barrier to successful implementation of conservation-development initiatives by

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) is the problem of effective targeting (i.e., "with whom
specifically should we work and why?"). In this paper, we demonstrate how two concepts - resource
draw and economic reliance - provide the analytical means to improve targeting in tropical rain
forests where protected areas often cover large, remote areas of forest with high biological diversity,
and local populations are typically poor and settlements dispersed. Combining an "asset-based"
conceptual approach to rural livelihoods and data from surveys conducted with forest peasant in the
Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve area of Peru (n=263 households, eight villages), this study
examines the empirical relations between the volume of extraction (draw) and the share of income
(reliance) contributed by fishing, hunting, and resource extraction, as well as critical biological
resources (moriche palm fruit, Mauritia flexuosa; paiche, Arapaima gigas; aquarium fish). Results
indicate that resource draw can be highly concentrated among just a few households in selected
villages, that economic reliance may or may not be associated with resource draw, and that the
predictors of resource draw and reliance, such as land poverty, labour access, household lifecycle,
or past experience, vary markedly across resource use activities. As such, our findings explicate
heterogeneity in peasant forest resource use - pointing to the critical importance of differential
household asset holdings - and challenge the prevailing assumption that asset poor households are
the primary extractors of critical biological resources. Attention to differential patterns of resource
use is crucial in the design of the next generation of conservation-development initiatives for
tropical forests and rapid rural appraisal instruments can be readily refined to provide much needed
information on resource draw and economic reliance.
NARVAEZ, A.; STAUFFER, F. Products derived from palms at the Puerto Ayacucho markets in
Amazonas State, Venezuela. Palms. 43(3): p. 122-129, 1999.
Due to the nutritive value, importance in the commerce of other non-palm products, and the high
quality of the manufactured articles, a description of the uses of nine species of palms circulating
among the two main markets of the city of Puerto Ayacucho in the State of Amazonas, Venezuela
are reported. Information about the origin and commercialization of the palm products is also
included. Three important uses for different parts of the palms were identified: food, handicraft and
medicine. The fruits of seven species and the leaves of three species are used. At least four
indigenous groups (Piaroa, Curripaco, Guahibo and Baniva) from 10 neighboring communities,
include palm products in the economic support of their families.
PADOCH, C. Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) in the economy of Iquitos, Peru. In: BALICK, M. J.
(Ed.). The palm - tree of life: biology, utilization and conservation - SYMPOSIUM AT THE
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR ECONOMIC BOTANY, 1986, New York.
Proceedings… New York: Advances in Economic Botany. 6: p. 214-224, 1988.
Aragão, FAS 25
A discussion of the role of the edible fruits and other products, including fibre, of this native species
in the commercial centre of Peru's lowland Amazon region.
Entomologia
GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; PALMA, A. R. T.; MOTTA, P. C.; BAR, M. E.; CUBA, C. A. C.
Arthropods associated with the crown of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) palm trees in three different
environments from Brazilian Cerrado. Neotropical Entomology. 35(3): p. 302-312, 2006.
Canopy arthropods, mainly from palm trees, are little known in the Brazilian Cerrado. In order to
describe the arthropod community structure associated with the crown of Mauritia flexuosa
(Arecaceae), we sampled 150 palm trees in six "veredas" of the Federal District, Brazil, in wild,
rural and periurban areas in the rainy season. The arthropods within abandoned bird nests, mammal
refuges, leaves and organic matter were manually collected, preserved in ethanol 70% and separated
by order, family, morphospecies and feeding guilds. Stem height and diameter of the palm crowns
were measured and leaves and bird nests were counted. We collected 3,862 arthropods, from 15
orders, 45 families and 135 morphospecies. The most abundant orders were Coleoptera (28.6%),
Blattodea (21.8%), Collembola (11.4%) and Hemiptera (10.2%). The families Blaberidae,
Entomobryidae, Reduviidae, Oniscidae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae and Formicidae, represented 82.1
% of all individuals collected. The majority of morphospecies was not abundant, 71 (52.6%) were
represented by less than 1 individual/tree. Coleopterans accounted for the highest number of
morphospecies (43.7%) followed by Araneae (20.0%). The analysis of the arthropod feeding guilds
showed prevalence of predatory/hernatophagous ones (36.0%). Arthropod richness and abundance
presented smaller values for periurban environment. The number of bird nests presented positive
correlation with abundance and richness; this was not found when considering the measurements of
the palm trees. The importance of M. flexuosa for the maintenance of the arthropod fauna of the
"veredas" in Cerrado biome is discussed.
BRAILOVSKY, H.; COUTURIER, G. A new species of Leptoglossus (Heteroptera: coreidae:

anisoscelini) associated with the Amazonian palm Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae: lepidocaryeae) in
Peru. Entomological News. 114(1): p. 18-22, 2003.
A new species, Leptoglossus hesperus (Heteroptera: Coreidae), collected in the Amazonian palm
Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae: Lepidocaryeae), is described from Peru and compared with L.
lonchoides Allen. The hind leg and male genital capsule are illustrated.
COUTURIER, G.; COSTA, L.; BESERRA, P.; MEJIA, KEMBER; VASQUEZ, J. Geographical
distribution and host plant of the genus Alvarengamiris (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Amazonia.
Biogeographica. 79(2): p. 71-76, 2003.
New data on the plant bug genus Alvarengamiris (Heteroptera: Miridae). The known geographical
distribution of this genus is limited to Western Amazonia, Brazil, Peru and Venezuela. The three
known species live exclusively on the inflorescences of the palm Mauritia flexuosa.
MERCER, D. R.; SPINELLI, G. R.; WATTS, D. M.; TESH, R. B. Biting rates and developmental
substrates for biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Iquitos, Peru. Journal of Medical
Entomology. 40(6): 807-812, 2003.
Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were collected at 16 periurban and rural sites around
Iquitos, Peru, between 17 October 1996 and 26 May 1997. Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi), the
Aragão, FAS 26
principal vector of Oropouche virus, was the most commonly collected species (9,086 flies) with
Culicoides insinuatus Wirth & Blanton second (7,229 flies). Although both species were collected
at all sampling sites (linear distance surveyed apprxeq25 km), C. paraensis dominated at northern
collection sites (>90%), whereas C. insinuatus prevailed at southern collection sites (>60%). C.
paraensis were collected from human sentinels at a constant rate throughout daylight hours, at
similar rates during wet and dry months, and regardless of rainfall. Larval developmental substrates
for C. paraensis included decaying platano (MusaXparadisiaca L. (Musaceae)) stems, stumps,
flowers, fruits, and debris beneath platano trees as well as from soil beneath a fruiting mamay
(Syzygium malaccense Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae)) tree and organic-rich mud along a lake
shoreline. C. insinuatus adults likewise emerged from decaying platano and organic-rich mud along
a lake shoreline, but also from debris accumulated in the axils of aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.
(Palmae)) fronds and decaying citrus fruit. Despite high numbers of biting adults near putative
substrates, adults of neither species emerged from other decomposing plant material, soil,
phytotelmata, or artificial containers. Because both species of biting midges emerged in high
numbers from all parts of platano (ubiquitous in Iquitos), it will be challenging to control them
through sanitation.
GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; PALMA, A. R. T.; MENEZES, M. N. A.; LEITE, R. N.; CUBA, C.

A. C. Sampling Rhodnius neglectus in Mauritia flexuosa palm trees: a field study in the Brazilian
savanna. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 17(3): p. 347-349, 2003.
Two sampling methods (manual capture and live-baited adhesive traps) were compared for
collecting the bug Rhodnius neglectus Lent (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) from palm trees,
Mauritia flexuosa L. (Arecaceae), in the savanna of Brasilia DF. R. neglectus was found in 19/50
(38%) of palm trees sampled. The detection rate was much higher by visual inspection and manual
capture (18/50=36%) than by our trapping method (5/50=10%), although one tree was found to be
positive by trapping but not by manual capture. Bugs collected manually were mostly
(146/154=95%) found among the dead organic material in palm crowns. In combination, these
sampling techniques are useful for quick detection of triatomine bug infestation in palm trees,
especially in areas of high ecological value where the palms should not be cut and dissected, but
arboreal Rhodnius are suspected to transmit enzootic Trypanosoma cruzi that might represent a risk
of causing human cases of Chagas disease.
BARBOSA, M. L. L.; VALENTE, R. de M. Mauritinus seferi Bondar, 1960: bionomy, description

of immature stages and redescription of adult (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Revista Brasileira de
Entomologia. 47(1): p. 81-88, 2003.
Mature larvae of Mauritinus seferi Bondar, 1960 were collected in the mesocarp of murity palm
(Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus), in the State of Para, Brazil. Larvae were reared to pupa and adults in
the laboratory. Mature larva and pupa are described and adult redescribed. Adult and immature are
illustrated for the first time. Observations about bionomy are included and discussed.
DELGADO, C.; COUTURIER, G. Relationship between Mauritia flexuosa and Eupalamides

cyparissias in the Peruvian Amazon. Palms. 47(2): p. 104-106, 2003.
The relationship between M. flexuosa and a pest, E. cyparissias is discussed using observations
from experiments conducted in the Peruvian in December 2000 and September 2001.
COSTA, L. A. A.; COUTURIER, G. Neotropical mirids: revision of the genus Alvarengamiris

Carvalho and two species described as new (Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae). Revue Francaise d'
Aragão, FAS 27
Entomologie. 24(4): p. 183-191, 2002.
The genus Alvarengamiris is revised, A. alvarengai (from Brazil and Peru) is redescribed, and A.
kemberi sp. nov. and A. margaridae sp. nov. (both from Peru) are described. All 3 species occur on
Mauritia flexuosa, a palm with edible fruits. A key to the 3 species is included.
SOARES, R. P. P.; BARBOSA, S. E.; DUJARDIN, J. P.; SCHOFIELD, C. J.; SIQUEIRA, A. M.;
DIOTAIUTI, L. Characterization of Rhodnius neglectus from two regions of Brazil using
isoenzymes, genitalia morphology and morphometry. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
94(2): p. 161-166, 1999.
Among the triatomines considered as secondary in the epidemiology of Chagas' disease, R.

neglectus is frequently captured in artificial ecotopes, especially peridomiciliary ones, rarely
producing colonies indoors. Nevertheless, the presence of breeding colonies in houses was
unquestionably demonstrated in some areas of the State of Goias, Brazil. Previous isoenzyme
comparisons of this species with morphologically close triatomines, such as R. prolixus, R. robustus
or R. nasutus, did not produce definitive conclusions because of doubts about the geographical
origin of the R. neglectus population studied. The authors present here, for the first time, the
isoenzyme profile of topotypes of R. neglectus. In addition, wild-caught specimens from palms
(Mauritia flexuosa and Attalea speciosa (= Orbignya martiana)) in the type locality, Uberaba
(Minas Gerais), were compared to wild-caught specimens from Jaragua (Goias), where R. neglectus
is more frequently reported invading houses. The authors used isoenzyme, morphology and
morphometry analysis. Neither morphological nor enzymatic differences were found between areas,
but metric, size-related divergence was evidenced between them.
HUTCHINGS, R. S. G. Palm bract breeding sites and their exploitation by Toxorhynchites

(Lynchiella) haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in an upland forest of the
Central Amazon. Journal of Medical Entomology. 31(2): p. 186-191, 1994.
Considering the potential importance of T. haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis as a biological control

agent of other mosquitoes, this species was studied in an upland forest of the Central Amazon
(Amazonas, Brazil). Palm (Oenocarpus bacaba, Mauritia flexuosa, Jessenia bataua, Maximiliana
martiana) bracts, the natural breeding sites, were sampled monthly in 2 different study areas for a
period of 1 year to detect the presence of immature stages and to determine their capacity to
recolonize new or empty bracts. The ability of these breeding sites (bracts) to retain water was
greater on a plateau where there is less humidity than in a valley. The availability of breeding sites
may be related to the number of existing palms and the low precipitation. T. h. haemorrhaoidalis is
multivoltine, and the greatest abundance of larvae occurred in natural breeding sites in the valley.
The population fluctuations of the larvae of this species may be influenced by the availability of
natural breedings sites and by low precipitation which occurs during the dry season.
HERNANDEZ, J. V.; CERDA, H.; JAFFE, K.; SANCHEZ, P. Localization of hosts, daily activity
and optimization of captures of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae). Agronomia Tropical Maracay. 42(3-4): 211-226, 1992.
A trap for Rhynchophorus palmarum is described. The attractiveness of various palm species was
evaluated in the field in Venezuela. Baits consisted of 5, 10 or 15 kg of coconut, oil palm, Jessenia
bataua, Mauritia flexuosa, Phenakospermum sp., Euterpe sp. and Antrocarium sp. Coconut,
Phenakospermum, Antrocarium and J. bataua were the most attractive. The height of traps did not
affect the number of individuals captured.
Aragão, FAS 28
Epidemiologia
DIOTAIUTI, L.; SILVEIRA, A. C.; ELIAS, M.; STEINDEL, M. The possibility of occurrence of
Trypanosoma rangeli in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
87(3): 451, 1992.
Nineteen of 20 palm trees (Mauritia vinifera) examined for triatomines in Ponte Alta do Norte,
State of Tocantins [Goias] were found to be infested; 150 Rhodnius neglectus were collected. In one
palm tree, 1 adult R. neglectus was found to be infected with T. cruzi and another with T. rangeli. A
3rd instar nymph collected in a rodent nest in Campo Belo locality harboured T. rangeli.
Etnobotânica
GOMEZ-BELOZ, A. Plant use knowledge of the Winikina Warao: the case for questionnaires in
ethnobotany. Economic Botany. 56(3): p. 231-241, 2002.
A questionnaire was used to measure plant use knowledge for 18 plants from 40 randomly selected
Winikina Warao respondents of two villages in the Orinoco River Delta, Venezuela. Five use values
are presented: reported use (RU) value for each plant and plant part; plant part value (PPV); specific
use (SU) value; intraspecific use value (IUV); and overall use value (OUV). The overall use value
can be used to target plants of potential interest to researchers. Although certain precautions must be
taken when undertaking this type of study, questionnaires are important tools that can be used to
assess the dynamic interplay between people and the plants they use.
PONCE, M. E.; STAUFFER, F. W.; LOURDES-OLIVO, M. de; PONCE, M. A. Mauritia flexuosa

L. F. (Arecaceae). A revision of its use and conservation status in the Amazon Basin, with particular
emphasis on Venezuela. Acta Botanica Venezuelica. 23(1): p. 19-46, 2000.
Supported by herbarium as well as fieldwork, this present paper represents a bibliographical

revision of the ethnobotanical aspects of the moriche palm (Mauritia flexuosa) in the Amazon Basin
with a particular emphasis on Venezuela. Our investigations show that the moriche is an
underdeveloped, non -lumber, forest resource of great economic potential. Although the species is
widely distributed in tropical America, only the Warao of the Orinoco Delta and certain Creole
populations have learned to efficiently exploit the palm to satisfy multiple needs. In situ inquiries
were made among the markets, stores and tourist centre in the Venezuelan states of Amazonas,
Delta Amacuro, Guarico and Monagas. The resulting data demonstrates that the fruit and leaves, as
well as their byproducts, are not only valued by tourists and the local population alike, but they also
generate an important revenue for the nuclear family. In spite of the ecological and cultural
importance of the moriche groves, little is known about their morphology, regeneration strategies
and the actual conditions of existing natural groves. Also addressed is the susceptibility of this
species to petroleum, agroindustrial and swidden activities as well as the effects of indiscriminate
harvesting of its leaves for lucrative ends.
HIRAOKA, M. Miriti (Mauritia flexuosa) palms and their uses and management among the
ribeirinhos of the Amazon estuary. In: PADOCH, C.; AYRES, J. M.; PINEDO-VASQUEZ, M.;
HENDERSON, A. (Ed.). Varzea: diversity, development, and conservation of Amazonia's
whitewater floodplains. New York Botanical Garden Press, 1999. p. 169-186.
A description is given of the traditional and modern uses of the various parts of the miriti palm,
Mauritia flexuosa, by the inhabitants of the floodplain of Amazonia, including the use of mature
Aragão, FAS 29
stems to make bridges over swampy terrain, the preparation of staple food and snacks from the
mesocarp. An outline is given of management practices in the miriti forests.
MENDONCA, M. P. C. Buriti. Ensaios e Ciência: Série Ciências Biológicas, Agrárias, e da

Saúde. 3(2): p. 177-196, 1999.
This paper presents a bibliographical revision of Mauritia vinifera and Mauritia flexuosa. This plant
is used in Brazil in nutrition, as ornamental species, popular medicine and buildings.
JARDIM, M. A. G.; CUNHA, A. C. DA C. Uses of palm in the wet lands communities of the
Amazon estuary. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Serie Botanica. 14(1): p. 69-77,
1998.
The palms were studied in by Combu Island, Municipality of Acara, Para. The information was
obtained by interving thirty people. The results yielded 10 palm species with various uses, with acat
palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) being must useful highest alimentary, commercial and phytotherapic
uses. The other species are utilized in food, handcroft, construction and tratch.
ALMEIDA, S. P. de; SILVA, J. A. da. Caryocar brasiliense and Mauritia vinifera - dietary
importance for the population of the cerrado. Brasília: Embrapa Cerrados, 1994. 38 p., il.
(Documentos, 54).
This work is part of a serie which is been elaborated in the Natural Resources and Socioeconomy
Area, at Center of Cerrados Agropecuary Research (CCAR), about the evaluation work of wild
plants that are used for human feeding in Cerrados. The first one (Almeida et al., 1987) presents
several kinds of feeding employment of araticum, baru, cagaita and jatobá. Piqui and buriti are
important sources of proteins, viamines, mineral salts etc. They help for supply part of the
nutritional need of this people, with significant acceptability of their fruits and products at the local
cookery. In this book, fruit processing, conservation and usage techniques are presented. Some
preliminary data of germination, plantlet formation and culture are also showed. Moreover, some
comments are made about production predictives for tree and for hectare. The market prices of
some products, collected at marketplaces, are based in values at cruzeiros of january/1993 and, thus,
they were equated to american dollar of the same time. The main aim of this work was getting
together the knowledges about piqui and buriti usage which were already acquired by the Cerrado
people, as well as propose another alternative utilizations.
GRAYSON, T. L. The use of palms by the Pume Indians of southwestern Venezuela. Principes.
36(3): p. 133-142, 1992.
Descriptions are given of the patterns of use of Astrocaryum jauari, Euterpe precatoria, Mauritia
flexuosa and Mauritiella aculeata among the Pume, a native group living in the seasonally
inundated savanna region of SW Venezuela. Products from these palms are used for fibre, food and
shelter. Use of the palms by the Pume is compared with their use among other South American
peoples.
Etnobotânica / Economia
KAHN, F.; COUTURIER, G. Indigenous palms of Amazonia. ORSTOM Actualites. (44): 27-32,
1994.
Aragão, FAS 30
Brief notes present recent research into the phytoecology, utilization, and economic potential of
palms in the Amazon region, including Mauritia flexuosa, Astrocaryum chambira, Euterpe
precatoria, Lepidocaryum gracile and Bactris gasipaes.
Etnobotânica / Recursos Genéticos

LINDEN, M. van der; LOPEZ C., R. Utilization of Amazonian palms in northeastern Peru. Revista
Forestal del Peru. 17(1): p. 65-74, 1990.
The economic, dietary and social importance of palms was discussed with indigenous communities
in 1987. The main species considered were Bactris gasipaes, Mauritia flexuosa, Euterpe precatoria,
Jessenia bataua, Astrocaryum chambira and Phytelephas basslerana. Scientific and technological
research is needed to promote the integrated use of these species, and to develop their potential as
food.
Fisico-química
FARIA, E. A. de; LELES, M. I. G; IONASHIRO, M.; ZUPPA, T. de O.; ANTONIOSI FILHO, N.
R. Thermal stability of vegetal oils and fats by TG/DTG and DTA. Ecletica Quimica. 27: 111-119,
2002.
Vegetable oils and fats are very useful in the food and chemist industry, they have demanded from
researchers and technicians analytical methods able to estimate the conditions for their processing
and storage. The thermal stability of vegetable oils is a main determinant in recognizing their value.
The goal of this study is to evaluate the thermal stability of vegetable oils and fats extracted from
the seeds of plants from Brazilian cerrado (araticum, Annona classiflora; babassu, Orbignya
oleifera; Brazilian wine-palm, Mauritia flexuosa; guariroba, Syagrus olearacea; and murici,
Byrsonima verbascifolia). The thermal stability was evaluated by TG/DTG and DTA techniques, in
a temperature range from 30 degrees C to 650 degrees C, under nitrogen atmosphere, and at a
heating rate 10 degrees C/min. The TG/DTG and DTA used were efficient and fast in the
determination of oils and fasts studied.
ALBUQUERQUE, M. L. S.; GUEDES, I.; ALCANTARA, R.; MOREIRA, S. G. C. Infrared

absorption spectra of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil. Vibrational Spectroscopy. 33(1-2): p. 127-
131, 2003.
Room temperature infrared absorption spectra from 650 to 4000 cm(-1) of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa
L.) oil, a fruit from the Amazon region, is given. It is composed basically of fatty acids, tocopherols
and carotenoids. The assignment of the observed bands was done based on the correlations with the
infrared spectra of its individual components and other compounds already published.
GARCIA-QUIROZ, A.; MOREIRA, S. G. C; de MORAIS, A. V.; SILVA, A. S.; da ROCHA, G.

N.; ALCANTARA, P. Physical and chemical analysis of dielectric properties and differential
scanning calorimetry techniques on buriti oil. Instrumentation Science & Technology. 31(1): p.
93-101, 2003.
Dielectric constant (DC) analysis has been carried out on buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa), in a scan
temperature range of 100-40 degrees C. Fatty acid characterization was performed by gas
crystallography and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Interesting physical characteristics
were noted in a DC analysis on buriti oil. It revealed five different temperature anomalies, which
Aragão, FAS 31
were studied for the chemical properties of the oil components. On the basis of the classical
polarizability model and the oil composition, the temperature DC anomalies were studied during the
process of its solid-liquid transition phase.
DAROCHA, G. N.; BRODZKI, D.; DJEGAMARIADASSOU, G. Formation of alkanes,

alkylcycloalkanes and alkylbenzenes during the catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable-oils. Fuel.
72(4) p. 543-849, 1993.
Catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable oils was performed in the presence of an NiMo/gamma-Al2O3

catalyst sulfided in situ with elemental sulfur under hydrogen pressure. Various vegetable oils were
selected to study the effect of the degree of saturation and lateral chain length: Passiflora edulis
(maracuja), Astrocaryum vulgare (tucuma), Mauritia flexuosa (buriti), Orbygnya martiana
(babassu), and soybean. The effects of reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure in cyclization
were studied. Carboxylic acids were used as model compounds.
ALBUQUERQUE, M. L. S; GUEDES, I.; ALCANTARA, P.; MOREIRA, S. G. C.; NETO, N. M.

B.; CORREA, D. S.; ZILIO, S. C. Characterization of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil by
absorption and emission spectroscopies. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 16(6A):
1113-1117, 2005.
Oil samples obtained from Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) palm tree fruits were characterized by
absorption and emission spectroscopies. The absorption spectrum was recorded in the range from
300 to 2000 nm, while the emission spectrum was analyzed between 400 and 800 nm, where several
bands were observed. To better understand these complex spectra, we recorded both absorption and
emission spectra of its major components. By correlating these data, we present a discussion on the
possible origin of the bands observed.
Fisiologia de Sementes
SPERA, M. R. N.; CUNHA, R. DA; TEIXEIRA, J. B. Dormancy breaking, viability and
conservation of Mauritia flexuosa seeds. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira. 36(12): p. 1567-1572,
2001.
The viability of M. flexuosa embryos was evaluated by the tetrazolium test or by in vitro culture.
The effects of high temperature treatment on dormancy breaking and of storage at different
temperatures on seed conservation were also evaluated. The viability of freshly harvested embryos
presented a high correlation with the rate of embryo germination in vitro. The rate of viability was
higher than 90% when evaluated by the tetrazolium method or by in vitro embryo culture.
Dormancy breaking of seeds was tested by subjecting the seeds to 30, 35 or 45 degrees C for 15, 30
and 45 days. Great variations were observed among treatments. Germination of seeds under
temperature treatment for 15 and 30 days were higher than in the control. Seeds stored in plastic
bags for four and a half months at 20 degrees C presented a germination rate higher than 90%,
while seeds stored at 30 degrees C exhibited zero viability.
PONCE, M. E.; BRANDIN, J.; PONCE, M. A.; GONZALEZ, V. Germination and seedling
establishment of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) in the southeastern plains of Guarica State,
Venezuela. Acta Botanica Venezuelica. 22(1): p. 167-183, 1999.
Seed germination and seedling establishment in Mauritia flexuosa were studied in SE Guarico
State, Venezuela. Periodic observations under different radiation patterns (100, 2.6 and 1.4% of full
Aragão, FAS 32
sunlight) showed pulses of germination (total of 13) beginning after 63 days with complete
germination by 419 days. This suggests a process of embryo post-maturation. There were
significant differences in the interaction between time of germination and radiation variables. The
seed dimensions and moisture content, as well as the hypogeal morphology of the seedlings, reflect
the capacity for tolerating low irradiation. Survival analysis in natural environments (open and
closed M. flexuosa (morichal) stands and evergreen forest) and in conditions of simulated light with
exclusion of mortality due to biotic and abiotic factors, showed that the probability for seedling
establishment was related to mechanical damage to the growing meristem by trampling, litter fall,
herbivory and inundation, but not to light intensity. In simulated conditions of irradiation, the
percentage of live seedlings was greatest in the deepest shade (1.4% irradiation). Although the
production of leaves showed significant differences under natural light regimes, the light did not
appear as the principal cause of low recruitment of seedlings, because in natural and experimental
environments, there were no observed differences in growth and evidences of etiolation.
RAMOS, F. A.; MONTEIRO, P. P. M. Contributions to the production of native forest species:

nursery studies of twelve cerrado species. Boletim do Herbario Ezechias Paulo Heringer. 2: p.
77-87, 1998.
Studies on nursery production techniques are reported for 12 cerrado species of central Brazil.
Seeds of Blepharocalix salicifolius [Blepharocalyx salicifolius], Calophyllum brasiliense and
Ocotea spixiana germinated better when collected from the mother tree and without pulp. Seeds of
Magonia pubescens and Platypodium elegans germinated better without treatment. Fruits of
Emmotum nitens produced in the same year and collected from the ground gave better germination
than older fruits. Of the species requiring pregermination treatments, Copaifera langsdorffii
germinated best after treatment under running water for 88 h, and Hymenaea courbaril after
scarification and treatment with systemic fungicide. Mauritia flexuosa fruits without pulp and
treated with systemic fungicide produced more seedlings than fruits sown intact. Cordia sellowiana
germinated better on sunny than shaded seedbeds. Transplanting survival of Eugenia dysenterica
was better in younger seedlings. Seedlings of Euterpe edulis transplanted from gallery (riparian)
forest had a survivorship of 19% after 6 months.
Fisiologia Vegetal
CALBO, M. E. R.; MORAES, J. A. P. V. de; CALBO, A. G. Growth, stomatal conductance,
photosynthesis and porosity of flooded Mauritia vinifera plants. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia
Vegetal. 10(1): p. 51-58, 1998.
Five-month-old M. vinifera palms grown in 7-kg bags of cerrado with lateral holes were flooded by
adding water to 20-litre rigid plastic containers in which the bags were positioned. The water
flooding level was always maintained around 80 mm above the soil surface. The plants presented
adaptations to flooding and there was no reduction in dry matter accumulation compared with
controls after 43 or 120 days. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were not affected after
36 days of flooding stress. A possible cause of this favourable behaviour was the development of
pneumatophores, visible 16 days after flooding and after 10 days in unaerated hydroponic solution.
Porosity, a quantitative measure of intercellular air volumes, was high in the control (35% v/v),
increasing to 40% in flooded roots and 46% in the pneumatophores. Similarly to other flood-
tolerant species, M. vinifera porosity seems to carry enough oxygen to maintain aerobic metabolism
in flooded soils. The observed responses suggest that M. vinifera presents a strong resistance to
flooding, which explains its high frequency of occurrence in areas subject to flooding.
Aragão, FAS 33
CALBO, M. E. R.; MORAES, J. A. P. V. de. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration

and osmotic adjustment of buriti plants subjected to water stress. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia
Vegetal. 9(2): p. 117-123, 1997.
In greenhouse trials, 5-month-old plants of Mauritia vinifera were subjected to water stress by
withholding irrigation. After 41 days, the photosynthetic rate had declined to zero at which point
leaf water potential had reached -2.1 MPa and daily irrigation was resumed. After 5 days, the
photosynthetic rate had recovered to equal that of non-stressed plants. Analysis of internal CO2
concentration, leaf water potential, pressure-volume curves and osmotic potential values suggested
that M. vinifera has developed mechanisms to withstand moderate water deficit since the plant is
able to maintain positive turgor values at relatively low water potentials.
Fitopatologia
COSTA, S. G. V. A. O.; NITSCHKE, M.; HADDAD, R.; EBERLIN, M. N.; CONTIERO, J.
Production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI rhamnolipids following growth on Brazilian native
oils. Process Biochemistry. 41(2): p. 483-488, 2006.
Oils from Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), Cupuacu (Theobroma grandiflora), Passion Fruit (Passiflora
alata), Andiroba (Carapa gitianensis), Brazilian Nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and Babassu (Orbignya
spp.) were evaluated as carbon sources for rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
LBI. The highest rhamnolipid concentrations were obtained from Brazilian Nut (9.9 l(-1)) and
Passion Fruit (9.2 g l(-1)) oils. Surface tension varied from 29.8 to 31.5 mN m(-1), critical micelle
concentration from 55 to 163 mg l(-1) and the emulsifying activity was higher against toluene (93-
100%) than against kerosene (70-92%). Preliminary characterization of the surfactant mixtures by
mass spectrometry revealed the presence of two major components showing m/z of 649 and 503,
which corresponded to the dirhamnolipid (Rha(2)C(10)C(10)) and the monorhamnolipid
(RhaC(10)C(10)), respectively. The monorhamnolipid detected as the ion of m/z 503 is
predominant in all samples analyzed.
SILVA, G. S. da. Cylindrocladium pteridis, causal agent of leaf spot of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa).
Fitopatologia Brasileira. 21(4): p. 523, 1996.
A disease of M. flexuosa caused by C. pteridis is described for the first time in the State of
Maranhao, Brazil. The disease is characterized by brown, water-soaked, circular or rectangular,
necrotic lesions, causing the blast of young leaves.
TEIKKHIANG, G.; HYDE, K. D. A new species of Nectria on Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in

Ecuador and a key to Nectria and allied genera on palms. Mycoscience. 37(3): p. 277-282, 1996.
A new species of Nectria, N. palmicola, on rachides of M. flexuosa, is described from Ecuador. It is

compared with the similar species, N. calami and N. pseudopezizia. N. palmicola is illustrated with
light and SEM micrographs and line diagrams. A key and host index to species of Nectria and allied
genera on palms is given.
CAVALCANTI, L. de H.; MOBIN, M. Myxomycetes associated with palm trees at the Sete
Cidades National Park, Piaui State, Brazil. Systematics and Geography of Plants. 74(1): 109-127,
2004.
Palm trees (Arecaceae) are specialized ecosystems which host a wide variety of organisms,
Aragão, FAS 34
including Myxomycetes. Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H.E. Moore (wax palm), Mauritia flexuosa
L.f. (buriti palm) and Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. (tucuma palm) were selected to study incidence,
richness and species diversity of myxomycetes in savanna, riverine forest and secondary forest at
Sete Cidades National Park (4 degree 5' - 4 degree 15'S and 41 degree 30' - 41 degree 40'W 480 m
alt., 6,221.48 ha), Piaui State, northeastern Brazil. Fructifications were searched for on both dead
and live trunks, leaves, spathes and inflorescences. The specimens are preserved in the Herbarium
UFP (Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco). Myxomycetes were found both in
dry and rainy seasons, and the highest abundance and diversity of taxa were observed during the
rainy period. A high incidence of myxomycetes (70-100 %) was registered, with a diversity index
of 5.23 (M. flexuosa), 4.25 (C. prunifera) and 5.05-2.94 (A. vulgare). The highest occurrence was
registered on petiole, followed by leaf sheath, leaf blade and spathe, being rare on inflorescence and
trunk. A total of seven families, sixteen genera, forty-four species and one variety was identified.
The most frequent species were Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers., A. denudata (L.) Wettst., Hemitrichia
calyculata (Speg.) M.L.Farr H. serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Metatrichia vesparia (Batsch)
Nann.-Bremek. ex G.W.Martin & Alexop., Physarum nucleatum Pers. and Stemonitis fusca Roth.
Comments and geographical distribution of these species in Brazil are presented.
Geoprocessamento
SANTOS, J. R.; LACRUZ, M. S. P.; ARAUJO, L. S.; KEIL, M. Savanna and tropical rainforest
biomass estimation and spatialization using JERS-1 data. International Journal of Remote
Sensing. 23(7): p. 1217-1229, 2002.
The objective of this study is to show the relation among backscatter signals of Japanese Earth
Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) Synthetic Aperture Radar images and biophysical parameters
(biomass values) of forest and savanna formations. In forest areas, different parameters were
measured, namely: diameter at breast height, total and commercial height, crown cover percent, and
location of each individual within each plot. In addition, the identification of botanical species was
also conducted. In those areas covered by savanna formation, the biomass estimation was made by
cutting and weighting bush and shrub vegetation. Two contact zones involving these vegetation
units in Brazilian Amazonia (Roraima and Mato Grosso States) were selected. A regression model
was applied during the analysis of these two variables, based on the best fit function and taking into
account the data dispersion. Maps were generated showing biomass spatialization of the vegetation
typology found in the study areas such as dense/open tropical forest, secondary succession, tall
woodland (transition zone), savanna woodland dominated by Curatella americana, shrub and/or
tree savanna and grassland savanna with Mauritia flexuosa. The importance of this study is the
innovation referring to the joint analysis of JERS-1 data of these two contact zones in Amazonia,
representing both an abrupt contact and a smooth contact along a transition zone of savanna/tropical
rain forests formations.
Medicina Tropical
GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; RAMALHO, E. D.; DUARTE, M. A.; PALMA, A. R. T.; ABAD-
FRANCH, F.; CARRANZA, J. C.; CUBA, C. A. C. Enzootic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi
and T. rangeli in the Federal District of Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao
Paulo. 46(6): 323-330, 2004.
The Federal District of Brazil (DF) lies within the Cerrado bionic, where open shrubland (savannas)
is interspersed with riverside gallery forests and permanent swamps (veredas). Trypanosoma cruzi-
infected native triatomines occur in the area, but the enzootic transmission of trypanosomatids
Aragão, FAS 35
remains poorly characterized. A parasitological survey involving sylvatic triatomines (166

Rhodnius negleclus collected from Mauritia flexuosa palms) and small mammals (98 marsupials
and 70 rodents, totaling 18 species) was conducted in 18 sites (mainly gallery forests and veredas)
of the DF. Parasites were isolated, morphologically identified, and characterized by PCR of nuclear
(mini-exon gene) and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). Six R. neglectus, seven Didelphis albiventris and
one Akodon cursor were infected by trypanosomes; wild reservoir infection is documented for the
first time in the DF. kDNA PCR detected T. cruzi in five R. neglectus and mini-exon gene PCR
revealed T. cruzi in isolates from D. albiventris. Parasites infecting one bug yielded T. rangeli
KP1+ kDNA amplicons. In spite of the occurrence of T. cruzi-infected D. albiventris (an important
wild and peridomestie reservoir) and R. neglectus (a secondary vector displaying synanthropic
behavior), a low-risk of human Chagas disease transmission could be expected in the DF,
considering the low prevalence infection recorded in this work. The detection of T. rangeli KP1+
associated with R. neglectus in the DF widens the known range of this parasite in Brazil; and
reinforces the hypothesis of adaptation of T. rangeli populations (KP1+ and KP1-) to distinct
evolutionary Rhodnius lineages.
GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; DUARTE, M. A.; RAMALHO, E. D.; PALMA, A. R. T.;

ROMANA, C. A.; CUBA, C. A. C. Spatial distribution of Triatominae populations (Hemiptera:
Reduviidae) in Mauritia flexuosa palm trees in Federal District of Brazil. Revista da Sociedade
Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 37(3): p. 241-247, 2004.
Mauritia flexuosa palm trees were sampled along 6 footpaths in different landscapes (sylvatic, rural
and peri-urban) during the rainy season to determine and analyse the distribution of Triatominae
sylvatic populations in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Triatomines were morphologically identified and
grouped by sex and nymphal stage and were examined to verify infection by Trypanosoma cruzi
and T. rangeli. 28 (18.6%) palm trees were infested by Rhodnius neglectus and 14 (9.5%) by
Psammolestes tertius. The frequency of Triatominae in palm trees was significantly different, being
higher in palm trees with bird and mammal nests in the crown. The higher average number of
insects/palm tree was observed in rural areas with estimates of up to 838 insects/hectare. The
species age composition presented a different pattern, with nymphs predominant for R. neglectus
and adults predominant for P. tertius. Many R. neglectus eggs were collected, which indicates a
reproductive event in February 2003. Among the nests found in palm trees, those of the ovenbird,
Phacellodomus ruber (Furnariidae), had the greatest abundance of Triatominae and occurred on
42% of palm trees. The relative abundance of R. neglectus and Psammolestes tertius was greater in
rural areas which contained higher numbers of nests in palm trees and a lesser density of palms per
hectare. None of the 96 triatomines examined was infected by T. cruzi or T. rangeli, despite our
finding of R. neglectus infection by those parasites in former studies.
Nutracêutica
MARIATH, J. G. R.; LIMA, M. C. C.; SANTOS, L. M. P. Vitamin A activity of buriti (Mauritia
vinifera Mart) and its effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of xerophthalmia. American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 49(5): p. 849-853, 1989.
The fruit of buriti (Mauritia vinifera), a palm tree that grows wild in some regions of Brazil,
contains beta-carotene in its oil fraction in a concentration 10 times higher than that of red-palm oil.
The effectiveness of buriti sweet in the treatment and prevention of xerophthalmia was tested in 44
children 43 to 144 months old by daily supplementation with an amount corresponding to 134 mu g
retinol equivalent during 20 days. The results demonstrated that this natural food source of vitamin
A can reverse clinical xerophthalmia and restore liver reserves of the vitamin, suggesting its
Aragão, FAS 36
possible utilization in intervention programmes to combat vitamin A deficiency in countries where

the fruit is available or has the potential for cultivation.
Nutrição
YUYAMA, L. K. O.; YONEKURA, L.; AGUIAR, J. P. L.; SOUSA, R. F. S. Bioavailability of
carotenoids from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) in rats. Acta Amazonica. 28(4): p. 409-415, 1998.
The present study evaluated the bioavailability of carotenoids from buriti (M. flexuosa) in rats. 48
recently weaned male Wistar rats (mean weight, 33.8+or-1.7 g) were separated into 5 groups:
deficient, control 1200, control 2400, Buriti 1200 and Buriti 2400. All diets were prepared
according to the Committee on Laboratory Animal Diets. After 28 days, the liver and plasma
contents of all animals were analysed for vitamin A and carotene levels. The lowest vitamin A level
were observed in the plasma and liver of the deficient group, while the hepatic vitamin A reserves
of the animals from Buriti 1200 and Buriti 2400 were significantly higher than those from control
1200 and 2400 groups, respectively. Buriti had a relative efficiency of 254.6% (1200 ER/kg diet)
and 179.4% (2400 ER/kg diet) when compared with their respective controls, indicating a higher
carotenoids bioavailability, near recommended doses.
Nutrição Animal
PALACIOS, M. E.; DABROWSKI, K.; ABIADO, M. A. G.; LEE, K. J.; KOHLER, C. C. Effect of
diets formulated with native Peruvian plants on growth and feeding efficiency of red pacu
(Piaractus brachypomus) juveniles. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 37(3): p. 246-
255, 2006.
We evaluated the effects of casein-based semipurified diets, alone or supplemented with native
Peruvian plants, on growth, feed efficiency, and histology of the digestive tract of red pacu,
Piaractus brachypomus, juveniles over an 8-wk feeding trial. Three tanks were randomly assigned
to one of four casein-gelatin (40:8) diets containing a supplement of 15% wheat meal (control) or an
identical level of substitution of three South American native plant as follows: camu-camu fruit
(Myrciaria dubia), aguaje fruit (Mauritia flexuosa), or maca tuber meal (Lepidium meyenii). The
fish (initial weight, 2.04 +/- 0.06 g) were fed experimental diets at decreasing feeding rates from 4
to 2.6% of body weight. After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed a diet supplemented with maca meal
showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio
(PER), apparent net protein utilization (NPU), and instantaneous feed intake than fish fed other
diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), PER, and NPU in fish fed the casein-gelatin diet supplemented
with maca meal were among the best ever reported in the scientific literature, 0.64 +/- 0.03, 3.13 +/-
0.15 and 23.8 +/- 2.0, respectively. The camu-camu meal had a negative impact on diet palatability
and utilization, which resulted in slower growth. The stomach, intestine, pancreas, and pyloric caeca
at the start and end of the experiment showed normal differentiation and appearance of cells and
tissues. The liver parenchyma showed lipid infiltration and pigment accumulation in all samples at
the initiation of the experiment and may be attributed to the period of decreased feed intake prior to
the study. At the end of the study, similar histopathologies were recorded in all samples from the
control and camu-camu groups. Normal liver histology (polyhedral hepatocytes with centrally
located nuclei) was observed in two of three samples from the maca group and all the samples from
the group that was fed the aguaje -supplemented diet.
AQUINO, R. Feeding of game animals on aguajales in the Reserva Nacional Pacaya-Samiria

(Iquitos, Peru). Revista Peruana de Biologia. 12(3): 417-425, 2005.
Aragão, FAS 37
This report contains information related to the game mammals that inhabit the palm swamps
(aguajales) of the flooded forests of the Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria and their interrelation
with the food plants. It is based on censuses by transects in aguajales of recent origin and semi-
eutrophic aguajales. 24 species of game mammals were registered making uses of the aguajales; of
them, the primates were the most representative and the great abundance in both aguajales types.
Among the primates, the Squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis E. Geoffroy & R. de Blainville) and
the brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella Linnaeus) were the most abundant in aguajales of recent
origin (350 individuals/km(2) and 90 individuals/km(2), respectively), while the white-fronted
capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons Humboldt) it was the most abundant in aguajal semi-eutrofizado
(90 individuals/km(2)). In terms of biomass, the ungulates had the biggest biomass and they were
represented by the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari Link) with 825 kg/km(2) and the tapir
(Tapirus temestris Linnaeus) with 126,6 kg/km(2). Finally, 16 species of food plants were
registered in aguajales, most of them inhabiting semi-eutrophic aguajales; of those the aguaje
(Mauritia flexuosa L.f.), the shapaja (Scheelea cephalotes Poepp. Ex Mart) and the renacos (Ficus
spp.) constituted the most important food resources of whose fruits and seeds fed around 14 species
of game mammals.
PEREZ EMAN, J. L.; PAOLILLO, A. Diet of the pelomedusid turtle Peltocephalus dumerilianus in
the Venezuelan Amazon. Journal of Herpetology. 31(2): p. 173-179, 1997.
Stomach contents of 54 Peltocephalus dumerilianus from the Yagua and Atacavi rivers, Amazonas
State, Venezuela, were obtained by stomach flushing. Fruits and seeds, fish, and aquatic plants were
the most common food items in the diet; invertebrates and algae also were eaten. The most common
plant species in the diet were Mauritia flexuosa, Montrichardia arborescens, Parinari campestris,
and Thurnia polycephala. The proportion of animal matter ingested by P. dumerilianus was the
highest recorded among South American pelomedusid turtles. Diet composition was not
significantly affected by sex or body size. Significant differences in diet were found between turtles
from the two rivers, mainly because fruits and seeds were more diverse in diets of turtles from
Atacavi River.
Nutrição Humana
CERDA, H.; MARTINEZ, R.; BRICENO, N.; PIZZOFERRATO, L.; MANZI, P.; PONZETTA, M.
T.; MARIN, O.; PAOLETTI, M. G. Palm worm: (Rhynchophorus palmarum) traditional food in
Amazonas, Venezuela - nutritional composition, small scale production and tourist palatability.
Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 40(1): p. 13-32, 2001.
We describe the use of alerito, the larva of the R. palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by the Jivi
(Guajibo) community of Alcabala de Guajibo, Amazonas, Venezuela. The Indians gather the palm
worms from damaged or fallen palm stems and eat them raw or roasted. We analysed the nutrient
composition of the palm worm and found that it was an excellent source of protein, vitamins A and
E, and minerals. We further describe the development of a local, controlled small-scale palm worm
production system for use by the Indians in the Amazon. Larvae were bred using wild palm
materials and traditional Indian plants. The larval survival and density in each palm substrate were
analysed together with the larvae's nutritional composition, and comparison with the mother palms
cucurito (Maximiliana maripa), seje (Jessenia bataua) and moriche (Mauritia flexuosa) was made.
Finally, the palatability of the palm worm to non -Amerindian tourists was assessed. The nutrient
composition of the palm worm, the simplicity of a more controlled local production system and the
acceptability of the palm worm to tourists make this non-conventional resource promising both as a
Aragão, FAS 38
nutritional food and as a source of cash income for the Indians.
ESCRICHE, I.; RESTREPO, J.; SERRA, J. A.; HERRERA, L. F. Composition and nutritive value
of Amazonian palm fruits. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 20(3): p. 361-365, 1999.
This paper is a contribution to the study of the use of natural resources from tropical moist forests
with a view to avoiding deforestation for farming purposes. This study analysed the moisture, fat,
protein, ash, total dietary fibre, nitrogen-free extract, and gross energy content of various parts of
the fruits of several Amazonian palms belonging to the Aracaceae (Palmae) family - Attalea
racemosa, Euterpe precatoria, Mauritia flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua, and Oenocarpus bacaba-and
also the fatty acid content of the oils extracted from the fractions of the fruit with the highest fat
content. The high fat content of the mesocarp makes these foods an excellent source of energy,
particularly those from A. racemosa, M. flexuosa, and O. bacaba, with fat contents of 58.1, 49.1,
and 30.2 g/100 g of sample, respectively. The kernels have a high level of nitrogen-free extract,
consisting basically of carbohydrates, particularly those of O. bataua and M. flexuosa, which have
83.9 and 72.5 g/100 g of sample, respectively. Apart from A. racemosa mesocarp oil, the fatty acid
content of these oils, particularly oleic acid, is quite similar to that of oils with a high market value,
such as olive, sunflower, corn, and soya oil. The cultivation of these species in the forest, just as the
natives have always done, should be encouraged, since in addition to being potential sources of
high-quality vegetable oils, they are alternative foods for the population in that region because of
their nutritive value. The sale of these oils could increase the resources of tropical moist forests,
which would in turn contribute considerably to the conservation of the forests.
RUIZ, M.J. Aguaje - food from the Amazonian forest. In: TEMAS FORESTALES, 6. Proyecto de
Capacitación, Extensión y Divulgación Forestal. COTESU, Pucallpa, Peru. 1991. p. 28.
An account of the aguaje palm (Mauritia flexuosa), covering distribution, ecology, phenology, area
(6-8 million ha in Amazonian Peru, of which 2.15 million ha are pure stands with a density of >450
palms/ha), and its fruit, the mesocarp of which is edible. Details are given of the nutritional value of
the fruit, and the fatty acid composition of the seed oil. The considerable economic and
sociocultural value of the species in Peru, and the scope for management and utilization, are
discussed.
CERDA, H.; ARAUJO, Y.; GLEW, R. H.; PAOLETTI, M. G. Palm worm (Coleoptera,
Curculionidae: Rhynchophorus palmarum) a traditional food: examples from Alto Orinoco,
Venezuela. Ecological implications of minilivestock: potential of insects, rodents, frogs and
snails. p. 353-366, 2005.
Current knowledge about the so-called palm worms, weevil beetles, and Curculionidae widely used
as food in the Amazon is summarized. The Indians gather the palm worms from damaged or fallen
palm stems and eat them raw or roasted. We analysed the nutrient composition of the palm worm
and found that it is an excellent source of protein, fat, vitamins A and E, and minerals. Development
of a local, controlled, small-scale palm worm production system implemented by the Indians in the
Amazonas is described. Larvae are bred using wild palm materials and traditional Indian plants.
Larval survival and density in each palm substrate were analysed together with their nutrient
composition. These data were compared with the mother palms 'cucurito' (Maximiliana maripa),
'seje' (Jessenia bataua), and 'moriche' (Mauritia flexuosa). Finally, the palatability of the palm
worm to non-Amerindian tourists is assessed. The nutrient composition of the palm worm, the
simplicity of a more controlled local production system, and the acceptability of the palm worm to
tourists make this nonconventional resource promising, both as a nutritional food and as a source of
Aragão, FAS 39
cash income for the Indians.
Ornitologia
BRIGHTSMITH, D.J. Parrot nesting in southeastern Peru: seasonal patterns and keystone trees.
Wilson Bulletin. 117(3): p. 296-305, 2005.
Parrots that inhabit tropical lowland forests are difficult to study, are poorly known, and little
information is available on their nesting habits, making analysis of community-wide nesting
patterns difficult. I present nesting records for 15 species of psittacids that co-occur in southeastern
Peru. The psittacid breeding season in this area lasted from June to April, with smaller species
nesting earlier than larger species. Why smaller species bred earlier is uncertain, though it may be
related to interspecific competition for nest sites or variations in food availability. This study
identified two keystone plant resources used by nesting parrots: Dipteryx micrantha (Fabaceae) and
Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae). Local threats to these plant species are discussed.
GONZALEZ, J. A. Harvesting, local trade, and conservation of parrots in the Northeastern Peruvian
Amazon. Biological Conservation. 114(3): p. 437-446, 2003.
In some places of the northeastern Peruvian Amazon the harvesting and local trade of parrot
nestlings is still a common practice (loreada) that takes place every year between February and
April, despite being banned by the national laws. Between 1996 and 1999, 1 monitored the use of
these birds in 3890-ha of Mauritia flexuosa - palm swamps, located close to the village of Victoria
(Loreto, Peru). Seven species of parrots were collected by local poachers in the study area, with
Amazonia amazonica (61.1% of the captures) and Ara ararauna (25.9%) the most commonly
harvested. The total number of nestlings taken during the 4-year study period was 1718, ranging
from 680 birds harvested in 1996 to 166 in 1998. The two methods used to collect nestlings, cutting
down the nesting tree or opening a hole in the trunk to reach the nest cavity, are not sustainable
because nest-trees become useless and the next generation is completely removed. The analyses of
demographic data and annual harvest rates suggest that at least three species (Ara ararauna, Ara
macao and Amazona amazonica) are being over-harvested and may be seriously threatened in the
long term.
Paleontologia
De OLIVEIRA, P. E.; FRANCA BARRETO, A. M.; SUGUIO, K. L. Pleistocene/Holocene
climatic and vegetational history of the Brazilian caatinga: The fossil dunes of the middle Sao
Francisco River. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 152(3-4): p. 319-337, 1999.
Palynological studies of a peat-bog sequence, with a basal date of 10,990 +- 80 yr B.P., provide a
history of vegetational and climatic changes in the Icatu River Valley located inside a large system
of stabilized sand dunes at the middle Sao Francisco River at 10degree24'S, 43degree13'W in
northeastern Brazil. The present day vegetation of the valley is 'vereda' a Mauritia vinifera palm
swamp forest bordered by a narrow strip of semi-deciduous tropical forest. The adjacent dunes are
stabilized by arboreal caatinga and cerrado vegetation in some areas. The palynological profile of
the Saquinho locality within this valley was divided into five pollen zones: Zone SA1 (10,990-
10,540 yr B.P.) contains pollen of taxa found in present Amazonian and Atlantic forests, as well as
from montane taxa, thus suggesting very humid climatic conditions synchronous with more reduced
temperatures. Zone SA2 (10,540-6790 yr B.P.) has pollen spectra from a vegetation type dominated
by Mauritia, suggesting progressive warming and high humidity levels. The period between 8920
Aragão, FAS 40
and 8910 yr B.P. has rapid sedimentation rate, few thermoluminescence (TL) dates, pronounced
increase of Mauritia and Ilex pollen suggesting a very moist climate. From 8910 to 6790 yr B.P.
there is a progressive decline in forest taxa and a gradual increase of caatinga and cerrado taxa on
the landscape. Zone SA3 (6790-ca. 6230 yr B.P.) does not contain palynomorphs, possibly
indicating semi-arid conditions. Zone SA4 (ca. 6230-ca. 4535 yr B.P.) marks the return of mosaic
vegetation composed of gallery forest, cerrado and caatinga taxa indicating moister climatic
conditions. A marked decline in moisture levels characterizes the period between 4240 yr B.P. and
Present, as suggested by an increase in caatinga and cerrado species and a decline in gallery forest
taxa. Zone SA5 (ca. 4535 yr B.P.-Present) establishes the present vegetational and climatic pattern
of the Icatu River Valley.
Processamento
PEREIRA, S. de J.; MUNIZ, G. I. B. de; KAMINSKI, M.; KLOCK, U.; NISGOSKI, S.;
FABROWSKI, F. J. Buriti (Mauritia vinifera Martius) pulp. Scientia Forestalis. (63): 202-213,
2003.
This work is about buriti kraft pulp evaluation to be used as raw material for paper production. The
active alkali varied from 8,32 to 11,68 percent, the maximum temperature from 157 to 174 degrees
C and the time at maximum temperature from 13 to 47 minutes. It was set a constant value of 20%
for the sulfidity and a 6:1 liquor/straw ratio. The pulp was refined in Jokro mill, in times of 25, 50
and 75 minutes. Although the morphological characteristics of the fibers of this palm did not
provide good flexibility coefficient and felting index, good results were obtained for all physical-
mechanical properties, using an appropriate refine. In general, the physical-mechanical properties
values increased with the refining time, being these improvements due to the increase of the fibers
flexibility and inter fibre bonding. Mauritia vinifera presented a maximum yield of 66,46%, a high
value, mainly due to its high cellulose content (69,41%) and pentosans content (16,10%). The
results indicate that this specie can be used as non-wood alternative source of raw material for kraft
pulp production.
Propagação
PINTO, A. C. de Q. Production of fruit tree planting stock under conditions of the Cerrados
ecosystem. Brasília: Embrapa Cerrados, 1996. 112p., il. (Documentos, 62).
Information is provided on the establishment and maintenance of fruit tree nurseries, including pest
and disease control and standards and certification. Physiological aspects of sexual and asexual
propagation are outlined. Propagation of mango, guava and pineapples is described, and notes are
included on propagation of the following species native to the Cerrados region: Annona crassiflora,
Caryocar brasiliense, Dypterix [Dipteryx] alata, Eugenia dysenterica, Hancornia speciosa,
Hymenea [Hymenaea] stigonocarpa and Mauritia vinifera.
Química
SAMONEK, F. Samonek, F.; Samo, I. Vegetable latex and fibres aqueous polymer compound
consists of a spreadable mix for molded rubberized fabrics manufacture. BR n. 200405902-A,
16 dec. 2004, 22 aug. 2006.
The vegetable latex and fibres aqueous polymer compound comprises Hevea brasiliensis tree latex
and Guadua weberbaweri and e.g. Mauritia flexuosa fibers. Also claimed is a process making the
Aragão, FAS 41
compound. CLAIMED PROCESS - The process comprises sperading the mix in a series of thin
layers in open molds to give the required thickness for use in rubberized fabrics as raw material for
e.g. footwear soles and carpets.
UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA. Murta, M. M.; Drummond, A. L.; Duraes, J. A.; Sales, M. J. A.;
Moreira, S. G. C.; Pereira, F. P. A. Doped polystyrene (PS) and methyl polymethacrylate
(MPM) based composites production comprises doping with Mauritia flexuosa L. oil and
dissolution, for drying in film form. BR n. 200403407-A, 12 aug. 2004, 13 jun. 2006.
The doped PS and MPM based composites production has doping with Mauritia flexuosa L. oil,
yielding photoprotection and photoluminescence. The polymer and the oil are dissolved in CHCl2
with continuous stirring for 12 hours at ambient temperature in the shade, for drying to form a film
for holding under vacuum.
Química Orgânica
KNUDSEN, J.T.; TOLLSTEN, L.; ERVIK, F. Flower scent and pollination in selected neotropical
palms. Plant Biology. 3(6): 642-653, 2001.
The flower scents of 14 palm species were collected in the field in Ecuador and Puerto Rico by
head-space adsorption and analysed by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry. Insect visitors
were recorded in seven of the species in Ecuador. The floral scent of the different species was
dominated by a variety of compounds, e.g., the fatty-acid derived 3-pentanone and the hydrocarbon
series dodecane to pentadecane, the benzenoid compound 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, the isoprenoids
(E)-ocimene, myrcene, linalool, and (E)-alpha-farnesene and the nitrogen-containing compound 2-
methoxy-sec-butylpyrazine. Rather than mirroring the systematics of the studied palm species, the
chemical composition of the floral scent reflected the pollination mode. The scent of beetle-
pollinated species was characterized by large amounts of one or a few dominant compounds,
whereas fly- and bee-pollinated species contained a mixture of several compounds in smaller total
amounts. We suggest that specific scent compounds, as found in the beetle-pollinated species, have
evolved as a response to pollinator preferences. The importance of olfactory cues in relation to
visual cues is higher in beetle-pollinated species than in species pollinated by flies and bees.
FRANCA, L. F.; REBER, G.; MEIRELES, M. A. A.; MACHADO, N. T.; BRUNNER, G.

Supercritical extraction of carotenoids and lipids from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), a fruit from the
Amazon region. Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 14(3): p. 247-256, 1999.
The potential for application of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) in extraction of oil containing high
concn. of carotene from fruit of the palm buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, Mart.) was investigated. Raw
material was a mixture of pulp and shell from the fruit. Effects of temp. (313 and 328 K), pressure
(20 and 30 MPa) and solvent flow rate on extraction yield, determined by GC and
spectrophotometric analyses of the extracted oil, were assessed. Using SC-CO2, approx. 80% of
total carotene was extracted. Extraction curves showed 3 distinct regions - a constant extraction rate
period, a falling rate period and a diffusion-controlled rate period. Experimental data agreed well
with values calculated using the Sovova model for supercritical extraction of oils from solid
matrices.
GODOY, H. T.; RODRIGUEZ AMAYA, D. B. Buriti (Mauritia vinifera MART.), a very rich
source of provitamin A. Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia. 38(1): p. 109-120, 1995.
Aragão, FAS 42
The carotenoid composition and vitamin A value of M. vinifera palm fruits from Northern Brazil
were determined. Of the 9 carotenoids identified, 8 were carotenes (13-cis- alpha -carotene, alpha -
carotene, 13-cis- beta -carotene, beta -carotene, 9-cis- beta -carotene, zeta -carotene, beta -
zeacarotene and gamma -carotene) and one was a xanthophyll (zeaxanthin). beta -Carotene, alpha -
carotene and gamma -carotene were the main pigments, representing 70, 16 and 7% of the total
carotenoid content (513+or-30 mu g/g). With mean vitamin A values of 6992 and 6489 RE/100 g,
calculated with and without isomer separation, respectively, the fruits proved to be a rich source of
provitamin A.
BARRERA ARELLANO, D.; SOARES, E. F.; AGOSTINI, T. S.; CECCHI, H. M.

Characterization and carotenoid composition of buriti pulp oil. In: IFT ANNUAL MEETING, 1995.
Proceedings… 1995. p. 194.
Buriti palm (Mauritia vinifera) fruit pulp oil was extracted and analysed for its physicochemical
characteristics and carotenoid composition. Total carotenoid contents averaged 1706 p.p.m., with
high concentration of trans-beta -carotene and 13 cis-beta-carotene (672 and 359 mug g-1,
respectively). This makes buriti fruit pulp oil one of the best sources of vitamin A so far identified
(18 339 ± 389 retinol equivalents 100 g-1). Its use in the food industry is considered.
GODOY, H T; RODRIGUEZ AMAYA, D B. Occurrence of cis-isomers of provitamin A in

Brazilian fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 42(6): p. 1306-1313, 1994.
Brazil has a wide variety of tropical, subtropical, and temperate fruits with widely differing
carotenoid compositions, providing a good setting for investigating the natural occurrence of cis-
isomers of provitamins. Seventy -five samples were analysed. The fruits could be classified into 2
main groups: (1) those having beta -carotene as the principal provitamin and (2) those with beta -
cryptoxanthin as the major provitamin. Some fruits also had alpha -carotene, gamma -carotene,
alpha -cryptoxanthin and beta -apo-10' -carotenal, usually at low levels. cis-Isomers were not found
in caja (Spondias lutea [S. mombin]), pawpaws (2 cultivars), passion fruits, pitanga (Eugenia
uniflora), and West Indian cherry (Malpighia glabra). Traces of 13-cis- beta-carotene were found in
some samples of loquat, mango (2 cultivars), and piqui (Cariocar villosium [Caryocar villosum]).
Buriti (Mauritia vinifera), mamey (Mammea americana), nectarine and peach had 0.1-4.2 micro g/g
13-cis- beta-carotene and 0.1-1.0 micro g/g 9-cis- beta -carotene; the latter 2 fruits and piqui also
had 0.2-0.4 micro g/g neo- beta -cryptoxanthin. Overestimations of only 3-10% of the retinol
equivalents occurred when the isomers were not separated, indicating that this separation is not
important in fresh fruits.
Química Orgânica / Botânia

TAVARES, M.; AUED PIMENTEL, S.; LAMARDO, L. C. A.; CAMPOS, N. C.; JORGE, L. I. F.;
GONZALEZ, E. Chemical composition and anatomic study of buriti fruits from Buritizal City, Sao
Paulo State, Brazil. Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. 62(3): p. 227-232, 2003.
The buriti palm tree is an important native Latin Amarican specie with economic potential, but little
research has been done in Brazil concerning its fruits. This paper reports on the study of the
histological characteristics of the buriti fruit and the chemical composition of its pulp. The fruits
having been collected from the rural zone of Buritizal City, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The species
was identified as Mauritia vinifera Mart. And distinguished from other species of the same genera
by its strobiliform shape. The major nutritional components were as follows: carbohydrates, from
10,6 to 13,2g/100g; oleic acid (72,6 to 74,6%) in the oily fraction, similar to olive oil. Vitamin C
Aragão, FAS 43
and calcium were in accordance with literature data, while the pH values were higher. It’s suggested
a rational exploration of the buriti palm in its region of origin. Concentrating specifically on the
nutritional value of its fruit pulp.
Recursos Genéticos
CARRERA, L. Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa) a promising crop of the Peruvian Amazon. In: ISHS
CONFERENCE ON FRUIT PRODUCTION IN THE TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS, 2., 1999,
Bonn Rottgen-GER. Proceedings… Bonn Rottgen: Acta Horticulturae - ISHS, 2000. p. 229-235.
Aguaje is a palm of the Peruvian Amazon whose fruit production is economically important to the
region. Brief information on the crop is presented with respect to its name, origin and distribution,
its ecology and botany, and its production and harvesting. Uses of the palm and its fruit are also
considered, including the processing of fruits and chemical composition of fruit pulp. Estimates are
made of the economic viability of a plantation of aguaje grown in the Alto Mayo region of the
Peruvian Amazon.
SILVA, J. A. da; SILVA, D. B. da; JUNQUEIRA, N. T. V.; ANDRADE, L. R. M. de. Native fruits
of the Cerrados region. Embrapa Cerrados, 1994. 166 p.
The Cerrados region of Brazil covers an area of ~204 million ha, encompassing a large variety of
soils, climate, fauna and flora. Propagation techniques and cultural methods for fruit trees in general
are described. Specific information (common and scientific names, family, distribution, plant size,
harvesting date, number of fruits/plant, fruit characteristics and utilization) is included for the
following species: pineapples, Psidium firmum, Annona crassiflora, Orbignya phalerata, Salacia
campestris, Swartzia langsdorfii, Dypterix [Dipteryx] alata, Mauritia vinifera, Eugenia dysenterica,
Anacardium othonianum, Syagrus oleracea, Syagrus flexuosa, Pouteria ramiflora, Chrysophyllum
soboliferum, Compomanesia [Campomanesia] cambessedeana, Bromelia balansae, Inga spp.,
Jacaratia heptaphylla, Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Hymenaea stilbocarpa, Genipa americana,
Solanum lycocarpum, Acrocomia american, Brosimum gaudichaudii, Carica glandulosa,
Hancornia speciosa, Passiflora spp., Alibertia edulis, Byrsonima verbascifolia, Eugenia
klostzchiana [E. klotzschiana], Eugenia lutescens, Caryocar brasiliense, Eugenia calycina, Talisia
esculenta and Vitex spp.
KAHN, F. Amazonian palms: food resources for the management of forest ecosystems. In:
HLADIK, C. M.; HLADIK, A.; LINARES, O. F.; PAGEZY, H.; SEMPLE, A.; HADLEY, M.
(Ed.). Tropical forests, people and food: biocultural interactions and applications to
development. Parthenon Publishing Group, 1993. p. 153-162.
A checklist of palms with high potential as food sources is given. The list includes Bactris gasipaes,
Elaeis oleifera, Euterpe oleracea, Euterpe precatoria, Jessenia bataua, Mauritia flexuosa and
Orbignya phalerata. For these palms and several others there is an appendix providing vernacular
names, description, ecology, food and economic potential and management system.
KAHN, F. Palms as key swamp forest resources in Amazonia. LEOPOLDO, P. R. (Ed.). Amazonia:
deforestation and possible effects - INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICANISTS, 46.,
1988, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Proceedings… Amsterdam: Forest Ecology and Management.
38(3-4): p. 133-142, 1991.
Except for those forests on periodically flooded alluvial soils which are traditionally cultivated,
Aragão, FAS 44
wetland forests have not been severely affected by deforestation because extreme ecological
constraints make them unsuitable for most crops, timbers, and pastures. They are neglected in most
plans for forest management. Floodplain forests cover approximately 2% of Brazilian Amazonia,
and 12% of Peruvian Amazonia. Indigenous palms are present in all wetland forests in the Amazon
basin. They provide many useful products, and have a significant place in the daily life of most
inhabitants of Amazonia. Only a few species, however, have economic potential as edible fruit, oil,
palm heart for canning, fibre, and starch, or constitute a gene resource that could be tapped for
genetic improvement of cultivated or promising species. Principal species of present economic
importance are Euterpe oleracea, E. precatoria (fruits, and a drink, ‘vino do assai’); Jessenia bataua
(oil); and Mauritia flexuosa (fruit). They are not equally distributed in wetland forest ecosystems,
but form dense and extensive populations in seasonal swamp forests of upland valleys, and on
swampy areas which are permanently flooded by standing water in the floodplain of the main rivers.
In both cases, soils are unsuitable for agriculture. Management of palms in these swamp forests
could provide several products, such as oil or starch, which at present are obtained from deforested
upland areas, and this could contribute to limiting destruction of the species -rich terra firme forests.
Species which are currently locally exploited but are of no significant economic importance include
Astrocaryum jauari (fruits, fibre); A. murumuru (oil); Geonoma spp., Hyospathe spp., Iriartea
deltoidea (thatch, building materials); Leopoldinia spp. (fibre, thatch); Scheelea spp. (fruits used for
charcoal); Phytelephas microcarpa (thatch, fibre, edible fruits, ‘vegetable ivory’ from seeds).
PEDERSEN, H. B.; BALSLEV, H. Ecuadorean palms for agroforestry. AAU Reports, Botanical
Institute Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark, 1990. 122p.
The first 6 chapters of this publication are an introduction to the utilization of palms in Ecuador and
are entitled: introduction; palms and extractivism; palms in agroforestry - with particular reference
to Bactris gasipaes, Phytelephas aequatorialis and Ammandra natalia; palms in plantations - Elaeis
guineensis, Elaeis oleifera and Cocos nucifera; palms as ornamentals; and harvest methods for
palms. The next 5 chapters give details of 5 species (Astrocaryum jauari, Mauritia flexuosa,
Jessenia bataua, Ammandra natalia and Euterpe chaunostachys) selected to demonstrate the
economic potential of Ecuadorean palms, to represent different ecological types, and of differing
importance in the cash economy. Information given on these species includes: taxonomy,
nomenclature, morphology, distribution, habitat, growth and reproduction, population structure,
phenology, pollination, dispersal, predation, actual and potential uses, management, potential in
different land -use systems, conservation status, research, and specimens studied. The last 4
chapters present climatic maps showing where the palms occur naturally, a list of addresses of
research institutions mentioned in the text, literature cited (about 240 ref.), and an index to scientific
names.
PETERS, C. M.; BALICK, M. J.; KAHN, F.; ANDERSON, A. B. Oligarchic forests of economic
plants in Amazonia: utilization and conservation of an important tropical resource. Conservation
Biology. 3(4): 341-349, 1989.
Tropical forests dominated by only one or two tree species (oligarchic forests) occupy millions of
hectares in Amazonia. In many cases, the dominant species produce fruits, seeds or oils of
economic importance. Oligarchic forests of 6 economic species (Euterpe oleracea, Grias
peruviana, Jessenia bataua, Mauritia flexuosa, Myrciaria dubia and Orbignya phalerata) were
studied in Peru and Brazil in 1986-87. Natural populations of these species contained 100-3000
conspecific adult trees/ha and produced up to 11.1 t of fruit/ha per annum. These plant populations
were used and occasionally managed by rural inhabitants in the region. Properly controlled periodic
fruit harvests had a minimal impact on forest structure and function but could generate substantial
Aragão, FAS 45
economic returns. It is suggested that market-orientated extraction of the fruits produced by

oligarchic forests appears to be a promising alternative for reconciling the development and
conservation of Amazonian forests.
LLERAS, E.; CORADIN, L. Native neotropical oil palms: state of the art and perspectives for Latin
America. In: BALICK, M. J. (Ed.). The palm - tree of life: biology, utilization and conservation -
SYMPOSIUM AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR ECONOMIC BOTANY,
1986, New York. Proceedings… New York: Advances in Economic Botany. 6: p. 201-213, 1988.
A review and discussion of the potential of Acrocomia american, Astrocaryum jauari [A. jauary],
Attalea exigua, Bactris gasipaes, Jessenia bataua, Manicaria saccifera, Mauritia flexuosa,
Maximiliana maripa, Oenocarpus spp., Orbignya cohune, O. phalerata, Scheelea excelsa, S.
liebmanii, S. macrocarpa, Syagrus coronata and Ynesa colenda [Attalea colenda] as sources of oils
and fats, traditional exploitation systems, future perspectives and research priorities.
BLICHER-MATHIESEN, U.; SHUKLA, V. K. S. New sources of edible oils. In:

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEW ASPECTS OF DIETARY LIPIDS: BENEFITS,
HAZARDS AND USE, 1989, Goeteborg-Sweden. Proceedings… Risskov, Denmark: Bot. Inst.,
Aarhus Univ., Nordlandsvej, 1990. p. 155-159.
This paper presents results of oil analysis (fatty acid distribution, moisture, fat, protein and
tocopherol content) of fruits from 4 palms naturally occurring in South America: chapil (Jessenia
bataua); palma real (Attalea colenda); perjibaye (Bactris gasipaes); and aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa).
Reprodução Vegetal
STORTI, E. F. Floral biology of Mauritia flexuosa Lin Fil in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Acta
Amazonica. 23(4): 371-381, 1993.
A syudy was made in Manaus, Amazonas of the floral biology of Mauritia flexuosa. Several species
of insects visit Mauritia flexuosa. The plant has a cantharophylous pollination syndrome, and
Nitidulidae, Curculionidae and Cucujidae are considered to be their possible pollinators, attracted
throught the odor of their flowers. Mauritia flexuosa is a dioccious species and allogamy is
obligatory, since apomixes does not occure. Mauritia flexuosa is a specie of great importance to the
Amazonian population and their fruits have the highest level of pro-vitamin A found in the nature.
RAMIREZ, N.; BRITO, Y. Reproductive biology of a tropical palm swamp community in the
Venezuelan Llanos. American Journal of Botany. 77(10): p. 1260-1271, 1990.
The tropical palm swamp community (morichal) of the Llanos of Venezuela has a high
discontinuous stratum dominated by Mauritia flexuosa, a secondary stratum dominated by small
trees and shrubs, and an undergrowth rich in species and including aquatic species. Of 128 woody
and herbaceous plants, 99 were hermaphrodites, 25 were monoecious and 4 were dioecious. The
morichal is characterized by few species with obligate cross fertilization. The reproductive
strategies of this community are discussed.
Taxomonia
NAVIA, D; FLECHTMANN, CHW. A new genus and five new species of Eriophyoidea
(Prostigmata) associated with palm trees from Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa. 1078: p. 41-58, 2005.
Aragão, FAS 46
A new genus and five new species of eriophyoid mites associated with native palm trees
(Arecaceae) are described from Brazilian Amazon. The new genus and two new species are in the
family Eriophyidae: Euterpia fissa n. gen. & n. sp. From Euterpe precatoria and Notostrix spinula
n. sp. From Mauritia flexuosa. Three new species belong to the family Phytoptidae: Palmiphytoptus
barbosae n. sp. from Astrocaryum acaule; Propilus alternatus n. sp. from Mauritia flexuosa and
Propilus tavaresi n. sp. from Elaeis oleifera.
Zoologia
CASTRO, E. R.; GALETTI, M. Frugivory and seed dispersal by the tegu lizard Tupinambis
merianae (Reptilia: Teiidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia. 44(6): p. 91-97, 2004.
Tegu lizards have a generalist diet and may play an important role as seed dispersers in
semideciduous forests in southeast Brasil. We studied the frugivory and seed dispersal of tegu
lizards using captive animals and offering wild fruits from a semideciduous forest. Thirty fruit
species were eaten by the lizards in captivity, ranging from 0.81 to 10.0 cm (fruit diameter). Even
large fruit adapted to dispersal by large mammals were swallowed (ex. Syagrus oleracea). There
were no statistical differences in seed germination between seeds that passed through the lizard gut
and the control in Eugenia uniflora (X2 = 0.69, P>0.50), Genipa americana (X2 = 6.4, P>0.975),
Cereus peruvianus (X2 = 0.018, P>0.10), and Solanum viarum (X2 = 6.23, P>0.975). Seed
retention time in the tegu gut ranged from 22-24 h (Solanum lycocarpum) to 43-44 h (for Syagrus
romanzoffiana). Our results indicate that tegu lizards have a potential to be an important seed
dispersers in the Neotropics.
Citações sem “Abstracts” Disponíveis nas Base de Dados
Nutrição Animal
SCHLEE, M. A. King vultures (Sarcoramphus papa) forage in moriche and cucurit palm stands.
Journal of Raptor Research. 39(4): p. 458-461, 2005.
Química Orgânica
LOGNAY, G.; TREVEJO, E.; JORDAN, E.; MARLIER, M.; SEVERIN, M.; DEZARATE, I. O.
Investigations on Mauritia flexuosa L. oil. Grasas y Aceites. 38(5): p. 303-306, 1987.
ALBORNOZ, A. GLC chromatography of seeds of Mauritia flexuosa. Acta Cientifica

Venezolana. (29): p. 19, 1978. Supplement 2.
Aragão, FAS 47
Bases Consultadas (Fontes)
Biological Abstracts FSTA

Cab abstracts ISI - Web of Knowledge
Periódicos
AAU Reports Journal of Hydrology Amsterdam

Acta Amazonica Journal of Mammalogy
Acta Botanica Gallica Journal of Medical Entomology
Acta Botânica Venezuelica Journal of Raptor Research.
Acta Cientifica Venezolana Journal of Supercritical Fluids
Acta Horticulturae Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
Agroforestry Systems Journal of the World Aquaculture Society
Agronomia Tropical Maracay Journal of Tropical Ecology
American Journal of Botany Medical and Veterinary Entomology
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia Mycoscience
Biogeographica Neotropical Entomology
Biological Conservation ORSTOM Actualites
Biotropica Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology
Boletim do Herbario Ezechias Paulo Heringer Palaeoecology
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Palms
Serie Botanica Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia
Botanical Review Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology Plant Biology
Conservation Biology Primates
Ecletica Quimica Principes
Ecological Economics Process Biochemistry
Ecology of Food and Nutrition Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
Economic Botany Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal
Ecossistemas brasileiros Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de
Edinburgh Journal of Botany Medicina Tropical
Embrapa Cerrados Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz
Entomological News Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical
Fitopatologia Brasileira. de Sao Paulo
Food and Nutrition Bulletin Revista Forestal del Peru
Frutas nativas dos Cerrados Revista Forestal Venezolana
Fuel Revista Peruana de Biologia
Grasas y Aceites Revue Francaise d' Entomologie
Instrumentation Science & Technology Scientia Forestalis
International Journal of Primatology Systematics and Geography of Plants
International Journal of Remote Sensing Tropical Ecology
Journal of Biogeography Vibrational Spectroscopy
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Wilson Bulletin
Journal of Herpetology Zootax
Aragão, FAS 48

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Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.

Revisão: Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.)

Fernando Antonio Souza de Aragão

R EVISÃO B IBLIOGRÁFICA ............................................................................................ 6

Temas das Publicações ..................................................................................................................15

Citações sem “Abstracts” disponíveis nas Base de Dados ..........................................................47

Bases Consultadas (Fontes)...........................................................................................................48

Os buritis e as veredas do Brasil central, imortalizados na obra literária de Guimarães Rosa,

Fonte: Biblioteca Virtual do Estudante Brasileiro - Frutas no Brasil.

Nome popular: buriti, carandá-guaçu; coqueiro-buriti; palmeira-do-brejo; miriti.

1 ALBORNOZ, A. GLC chromatography of seeds of Mauritia-flexuosa. Acta Cientifica

2 ALBUQUERQUE, M. L. S.; GUEDES, I.; ALCANTARA, R.; MOREIRA, S. G. C. Infrared

3 ALBUQUERQUE, M. L. S; GUEDES, I.; ALCANTARA, P.; MOREIRA, S. G. C.; NETO,

5 AQUINO, R. Feeding of game animals on aguajales in the Reserva Nacional Pacaya-Samiria

6 BARBOSA, M. L. L.; VALENTE, R. de M. Mauritinus seferi Bondar, 1960: bionomy,

7 BARRERA ARELLANO, D.; SOARES, E. F.; AGOSTINI, T. S.; CECCHI, H. M.

8 BLICHER-MATHIESEN, U.; SHUKLA, V. K. S. New sources of edible oils. In:

10 BRAILOVSKY, H.; COUTURIER, G. A new species of Leptoglossus (Heteroptera: coreidae:

12 BYG, A.; BALSLEV, H. Palms in indigenous and settler communities in southeastern

13 CALBO, M. E. R.; MORAES, J. A. P. V. de. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance,

14 CALBO, M. E. R.; MORAES, J. A. P. V. de; CALBO, A. G. Growth, stomatal conductance,

15 CARDOSO, G. de L.; ARAUJO, G. M. de; SILVA, S. A. da. Structure and dynamics of a

21 COOMES, O. T.; BARHAM, B. L.; TAKASAKI, Y. Targeting conservation-development

22 COSTA, L. A. A.; COUTURIER, G. Neotropical mirids: revision of the genus

23 COSTA, S. G. V. A. O.; NITSCHKE, M.; HADDAD, R.; EBERLIN, M. N.; CONTIERO, J.

24 COUTURIER, G.; COSTA, L.; BESERRA, P.; MEJIA, KEMBER; VASQUEZ, J.

25 DAROCHA, G. N.; BRODZKI, D.; DJEGAMARIADASSOU, G. Formation of alkanes,

26 De OLIVEIRA, P. E.; FRANCA BARRETO, A. M.; SUGUIO, K. L. Pleistocene/Holocene

27 DELASCIO-CHITTY, F. Floristic composition of an anthropogenic palm stand (Morichito) in

28 DELGADO, C.; COUTURIER, G. Relationship between Mauritia flexuosa and Eupalamides

29 DIOTAIUTI, L.; SILVEIRA, A. C.; ELIAS, M.; STEINDEL, M. The possibility of

32 FARIA, E. A. de; LELES, M. I. G; IONASHIRO, M.; ZUPPA, T. de O.; ANTONIOSI-

33 FRAGOSO, J. M. V. Perception of scale and resource partitioning by peccaries: behavioral

34 FRANCA, L. F.; REBER, G.; MEIRELES, M. A. A.; MACHADO, N. T.; BRUNNER, G.

35 GARCIA-QUIROZ, A.; MOREIRA, S. G. C; de MORAIS, A. V.; SILVA, A. S.; da ROCHA,

36 GODOY, H T; AMAYA, D. B. R. Occurrence of cis-isomers of provitamin A in Brazilian

39 GONZALEZ, J. A. Harvesting, local trade, and conservation of parrots in the Northeastern

41 GRAYSON, T. L. The use of palms by the Pume Indians of southwestern Venezuela.

42 GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; DUARTE, M. A.; RAMALHO, E. D.; PALMA, A. R. T.;

43 GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; PALMA, A. R. T.; MENEZES, M. N. A.; LEITE, R. N.;

44 GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; PALMA, A. R. T.; MOTTA, P. C.; BAR, M. E.; CUBA, C. A.

45 GURGEL-GONCALVES, R.; RAMALHO, E. D.; DUARTE, M. A.; PALMA, A. R. T.;

48 HONG, L. T.; KILLMANN, W. Some ultramicroscopical aspects of parenchymatous tissues

49 HUTCHINGS, R. S. G. Palm bract breeding sites and their exploitation by Toxorhynchites

52 KAHN, F. Ecology of economically important palms in Peruvian Amazonia. In: BALICK, M.

53 KAHN, F. Palms as key swamp forest resources in Amazonia. LEOPOLDO, P. R. (Ed.).

54 KAHN, F.; COUTURIER, G. Indigenous palms of Amazonia. ORSTOM Actualites. (44):

55 KAHN, F.; MEJIA, K. Palm communities in wetland forest ecosystems of Peruvian

identification and inventory - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, 1988, Baton Rouge -

56 KILLMANN, W.; HONG, L. T. Ultramicroscopical features of stegmata from some palm

59 LEHMAN, S. M.; ROBERTSON, K. L. Preliminary survey of Cacajao melanocephalus

63 MARIATH, J. G. R.; LIMA, M. C. C.; SANTOS, L. M. P. Vitamin A activity of buriti

64 MARIMON, B. S.; FELFILI, J. M.; LIMA, E. de S.; PINHEIRO-NETO, J. Species

66 MENDONCA, M. P. C. Buriti. Ensaios e Ciência: Série Ciências Biológicas, Agrárias, e da

68 MIRANDA, I. S. Floristic and structural analysis of wood vegetation of Comemoracao River,

69 MOEGENBURG, S. M. Spatial and temporal variation in hydrochory in Amazonian

70 MORCOTE-RIOS, G.; Bernal, R. Remains of palms (Palmae) at archaeological sites in the

74 PALACIOS, M. E.; DABROWSKI, K.; ABIADO, M. A. G.; LEE, K. J.; KOHLER, C. C.

75 PEDERSEN, H. B.; BALSLEV, H. Ecuadorean palms for agroforestry. AAU Reports,

76 PEREIRA, L. A. R.; RIBEIRO CALBO, M. E.; FERREIRA, C. J. Anatomy of

78 PEREZ EMAN, J. L.; PAOLILLO, A. Diet of the pelomedusid turtle Peltocephalus

79 PETERS, C. M.; BALICK, M. J.; KAHN, F.; ANDERSON, A. B. Oligarchic forests of