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    Jatropha

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca DOCX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    36 vizualizări3 pagini

    Jatropha

    Încărcat de

    xyz1234xyz
    Jatropha

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca DOCX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 3

    Jatropha is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

    The name is
    derived from the Greek words ἰατρός (iatros), meaning "physician", and τροφή (trophe), meaning
    "nutrition", hence the common name physic nut. Another common name is nettlespurge.[2] It
    contains approximately 170 species of succulent plants, shrubs and trees (some are deciduous,
    like Jatropha curcas). Most of these are native to the Americas, with 66 species found in the Old
    World.[3] Plants produce separate male and female flowers. As with many members of the
    family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha contains compounds that are highly toxic. Jatropha species have
    traditionally been used in basketmaking, tanning and dye production. In the 2000s, one
    species, Jatropha curcas, generated interest as an oil crop for biodieselproduction.

    Contents

     1Uses
     2Toxicity
     3Selected species
     4Gallery
    o 4.1Formerly placed here
     5Synonyms
     6References
     7External links

    Uses[edit]
    Further information: Jatropha curcas § Uses

    Jatropha pandurifolia in China

    The stems of haat (Jatropha cuneata) are used for basketmaking by the Seri people in Sonora,
    Mexico. The stems are roasted, split and soaked through an elaborate process. The reddish dye
    that is often used is made from the root of another plant species, Krameria grayi. Spicy jatropha
    (J. integerrima) is cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics for its continuously
    blooming crimson flowers. Buddha belly plant (J. podagrica) was used to tan leather and produce
    a red dye in Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is also used as a house plant.
    The oil from Jatropha curcas is mainly converted into biodiesel for use in diesel engines. The
    cake resulting from oil extraction, a protein-rich product, can be used for fish or animal feed (if
    detoxified). It is also a biomass feedstock to power electricity plants or to produce biogas, and a
    high-quality organic fertilizer.[4]
    In 2007, Goldman Sachs cited Jatropha curcas as one of the best candidates for
    future biodiesel production.[5] It is resistant to drought and pests, and produces seedscontaining
    27-40% oil,[6] averaging 34.4%.[7] The remaining press cake of jatropha seeds after oil extraction
    could also be considered for energy production.[8] However, despite their abundance and use as
    oil and reclamation plants, none of the Jatropha species have been properly domesticated and,
    as a result, their productivity is variable, and the long-term impact of their large-scale use on soil
    quality and the environment is unknown.[9] 2009 research found that Jatropha biodiesel
    production requires significantly more water than other common biofuel crops, and that initial
    yield estimates were high.[10] Earlier, higher estimates from Worldwatch Institute had suggested
    that 1 acre of cultivation could yield 202 gallons (4.8 barrels) of biodiesel.[11]
    Jatropha curcas is also being studied for use as a carbon sequestration plant in arid regions.[12]

    Toxicity[edit]
    Much like other members of the family Euphorbiaceae, members of the genus Jatropha contain
    several toxic compounds. The seeds of Jatropha curcas contain the highly
    poisonous toxalbumin curcin, a lectindimer. They also contain carcinogenic phorbol.[13] Despite
    this, the seeds are occasionally eaten after roasting, which reduces some of the toxicity. Its sap
    is a skin irritant, and ingesting as few as three untreated seeds can be fatal to humans. In 2005
    Western Australia banned Jatropha gossypiifolia as invasive and highly toxic to people and
    animals.[14] Even though it was used as medicine in certain geographic regions, it was found to
    have no antimicrobial activity.[15][16]

    Selected species[edit]

    Jatropha gossypiifolia in Hyderabad, India.

    Jatropha multifida

    Jatropha podagrica in Hyderabad, India.


     Jatropha acanthophylla Loefgr.
     Jatropha bullockii E.J.Lott
     Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Sangre de Cristo
     Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland. – Berlandier's Nettlespurge
     Jatropha chamelensis Pérez-Jiménez
     Jatropha costaricensis G.L.Webster & Poveda
     Jatropha cinerea (Ortega) Müll.Arg. – Arizona Nettlespurge
     Jatropha cuneata Wiggins & Rollins – Limberbush, Haat (pronounced [ʔaːt])
     Jatropha curcas L. – Physic Nut, Piñoncillo, Habb-El-Melúk
     Jatropha dhofarica Radcl.-Sm.
     Jatropha dioica Sessé – Leatherstem
     Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Oken
     Jatropha excisa Griseb.
     Jatropha gossypiifolia L. – Bellyache Bush
     Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent. – Wild Oilnut
     Jatropha integerrima Jacq. syn. J. pandurifolia – Spicy Jatropha, called in Chinese "Ri Ri
    Ying", which means "Every-day-flowered Cherry Blossom"[17]
     Jatropha macrantha Mull. Arg – Huanarpo Macho or Peruvian Viagra
     Jatropha macrorhiza Benth. – Ragged Nettlespurge
     Jatropha multifida L. – Coralbush
     Jatropha nudicaulis Benth.
     Jatropha podagrica Hook. – Buddha Belly Plant, Bottleplant Shrub
     Jatropha unicostata Balf.f.[18][19]

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