Hanseniaspora uvarum

Genus/species (aliases): Hanseniaspora uvarum (Kloeckera appiculata anamorph; Kloeckera austriaca, Kloeckera brevis, Kloeckera lodderi, Hanseniaspora apiculata)

Classification: Ascomycete; teleomorph

Morphology:

  • Cell: Reproduces by budding; apiculate, spheroidal to ovoidal, elongate, (1.5-5.0)x(2.5-11.5)µm, and single or in pairs.
  • Colony: Glucose-yeast extract-peptone agar after one month at 25°C: white to creamy, smooth, glossy, and slightly raised at the center.
  • Spore: Saturn to helmet-shaped with a convex base and have an equatorial or subequatorial ledge, sometimes warty.
  • Zygote: Apiculate, spheroidal to ovoidal, elongate.
  • Ascus: One to two ascospores are formed per ascus; asci persistent.
  • Liquid Growth: Sediment formed and a very thin ring after one month.
Hanseniaspora uvarum Hanseniaspora uvarum Hanseniaspora uvarum Hanseniaspora uvarum

Physiological Traits:

  • Fermentation: Glucose
  • Assimilation: Cellobiose; variable use of:  Salicin, Arbutin, D-glucono-1,5-lactone, 2-keto-D-gluconate, Ethanol; No assimilation of nitrate; uses ethylamine, L-Lysine, cadaverine as sole N source, some strains weakly; no growth in vitamin-free medium, requires imositiol, pantothenate, pyroxidine and niacin; some strains also require biotin and thiamin;
  • Growth:  35 and 37 C: variable
  • Growth sensitivities: grows on 0.01% cycloheximide, some strains grow on 0.1% cycloheximide

Ecological Traits:

Found on fruit, particularly grapes, but also found in soil, fresh and salt water, mollusks, mammals.

Distinguishing Features:

Apiculate growth due to terminal budding, high DMDC tolerance

Role in wine:

Normal grape/fermentation flora – present early in the fermentation and produces ethyl acetate, normally Saccharomyces cerevisiae takes over by ~4% ethanol.

Sensitivities:

  • SO2: 100 mg/L
  • Sorbate­­­­­: 250 mg/L at pH 5.0, no growth at pH 3.0
  • DMDC: K. appiculata: 200 mg/L H. uvarum: 400 mg/L
  • pH: 1.5-7.5 – K. appiculata more tolerant at low pHs
  • Ethanol: H. uvarum: 3.4-6.7% K. appiculata: 9-12.5% temperature dependent
  • Anaerobiosis: Ferments glucose to produce glycerol and ethanol
  • Heat: Growth: 8°C-36°C. Survives 20 min at 55°C, not 10 min at 60°C

References:

  • Delfini, C., P. Gaia, R. Schellino, M. Strano, A Pagliara, S. Ambrò. 2002. Fermentability of grape must after inhibition with dimethyl dicarbonate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:5605-5611
  • Edwards, C.G. 2005. Illustrated Guide to Microbes and Sediments in Wine, Beer and Juice. WineBugs LLC, Pullman, WA, USA
  • Kurtzman, C.P. and J.W. Fell. 1998. The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, 4th Edition. Elsevier
  • Ribéreau-Gayon, P., D. Dubourdieu, B. Donèche, A. Lonvaud. 2006. Handbook of Enology Volume 1: The Microbiology of Wine and Vinifications. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
  • Venturin, C., H. Boze, G. Moulin, P. Galzy. 1995. Glucose Metabolism, Enzymic Analysis and Product Formation in Chemostat Culture of Hanseniaspora uvarum. Yeast. 11: 327-336

Tags

Yeast & Mold