Zopfiellamide A
Overview
Description
Zopfiellamide A is a natural product that was first isolated from the actinomycete strain Streptomyces albus subsp. zopfii. It belongs to the class of polyketide-diketopiperazine (PK-DKP) compounds and exhibits potent antibacterial activity against a range of gram-positive bacteria. It is an antimicrobial metabolite sourced from the fermentations of the facultative marine fungus Zopfiella latipes CBS 611.97 .
Synthesis Analysis
The synthetic strategy moving towards the synthesis of Zopfiellamide A was divided based on the C-5 and C-3 substitution groups . The first approach focused on the insertion of C-5 substituents of Zopfiellamide A, which is the construction of the quaternary carbon bearing the hydroxyl, isopropyl, and carboxylic acid linked via the methylene group at the C-5 position of the pyrrolidinone ring . The synthesis of C-5 substituents involved olefination, Michael addition, alkylation, and mono-decarboxylation .
Molecular Structure Analysis
Zopfiellamide A has a molecular formula of C25H35NO6. The structure determination of small molecule compounds like Zopfiellamide A can be done using X-ray crystallography, which has long been used as a powerful technique to determine the three-dimensional molecular structure of small molecule compounds and biological macromolecules at atomic resolution .
Chemical Reactions Analysis
The chemical reactions involved in the synthesis of Zopfiellamide A include dialkylation, bromination, cyclisation with methylamine, olefination, Michael addition, alkylation, and mono-decarboxylation . The chemical exploration of the pyrrolidinone intermediates produced during the reaction was also done using epoxidation, acid-catalyzed ring-opening, and stereoselective reduction .
Physical And Chemical Properties Analysis
Zopfiellamide A has a molecular weight of 445.55 g/mol . It is a crystalline compound and can be dissolved in various solvents such as Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, and Acetone .
Scientific Research Applications
Antimicrobial Properties
Zopfiellamide A, identified as a metabolite from the marine fungus Zopfiella latipes, has shown antimicrobial properties. This discovery was made through the isolation of zopfiellamides A and B from fermentations of Zopfiella latipes. Their structures, elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, are pyrrolidinone derivatives (Daferner, Anke, & Sterner, 2002).
Synthesis and Chemical Studies
Further research has been conducted on the synthesis of zopfiellamide A. One study focused on the stereoselective reduction of 1-benzyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-methylenepyrrolidine-2,4-dione, an intermediate product in the synthesis of zopfiellamide A. The study investigated the effect and hydride transfer mechanism of sodium borohydride-metal chlorides system in the reduction process, which is crucial for understanding the synthesis of zopfiellamide A (Jumali, Shaameri, Mohamad, & Hamzah, 2017).
Application in Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research
Research on similar compounds, although not directly zopfiellamide A, provides insight into the broader applications of such compounds in phytochemical and pharmacological studies. For instance, the identification of bioactive constituents in Ziziphus jujube fruit extracts exhibiting antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells suggests a potential area for future exploration of zopfiellamide A in cancer research (Plastina et al., 2012).
Molecular Systematics of Zopfiella
Understanding the molecular systematics of Zopfiella, the genus from which zopfiellamide A is derived, can provide context for its applications. A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Zopfiella and allied genera in the Sordariales used multiple gene sequences to infer phylogenies, which can be instrumental in understanding the biosynthesis and evolutionary context of metabolites like zopfiellamide A (Cai, Jeewon, & Hyde, 2006).
properties
IUPAC Name |
2-[[(4E)-4-[(E)-3-[(1S,2S,4aR,8aS)-2-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-1-hydroxyprop-2-enylidene]-1-methyl-3,5-dioxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid |
Source
|
|---|---|---|
| Details | Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.05.07) | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI |
InChI=1S/C25H35NO6/c1-14(2)25(32,24(30)31)13-19-22(28)21(23(29)26(19)4)20(27)12-11-17-15(3)9-10-16-7-5-6-8-18(16)17/h9-12,14-19,27,32H,5-8,13H2,1-4H3,(H,30,31)/b12-11+,21-20+/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19?,25?/m0/s1 |
Source
|
| Details | Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.05.07) | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI Key |
HYGFSUQJOBSOGP-RXTDPYEUSA-N |
Source
|
| Details | Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.05.07) | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Canonical SMILES |
CC1C=CC2CCCCC2C1C=CC(=C3C(=O)C(N(C3=O)C)CC(C(C)C)(C(=O)O)O)O |
Source
|
| Details | Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2021.05.07) | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Isomeric SMILES |
C[C@H]1C=C[C@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2[C@H]1/C=C/C(=C\3/C(=O)C(N(C3=O)C)CC(C(C)C)(C(=O)O)O)/O |
Source
|
| Details | Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2021.05.07) | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Formula |
C25H35NO6 |
Source
|
| Details | Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07) | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Weight |
445.5 g/mol |
Source
|
| Details | Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07) | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Product Name |
CID 54707688 | |
Retrosynthesis Analysis
AI-Powered Synthesis Planning: Our tool employs the Template_relevance Pistachio, Template_relevance Bkms_metabolic, Template_relevance Pistachio_ringbreaker, Template_relevance Reaxys, Template_relevance Reaxys_biocatalysis model, leveraging a vast database of chemical reactions to predict feasible synthetic routes.
One-Step Synthesis Focus: Specifically designed for one-step synthesis, it provides concise and direct routes for your target compounds, streamlining the synthesis process.
Accurate Predictions: Utilizing the extensive PISTACHIO, BKMS_METABOLIC, PISTACHIO_RINGBREAKER, REAXYS, REAXYS_BIOCATALYSIS database, our tool offers high-accuracy predictions, reflecting the latest in chemical research and data.
Strategy Settings
| Precursor scoring | Relevance Heuristic |
|---|---|
| Min. plausibility | 0.01 |
| Model | Template_relevance |
| Template Set | Pistachio/Bkms_metabolic/Pistachio_ringbreaker/Reaxys/Reaxys_biocatalysis |
| Top-N result to add to graph | 6 |
Feasible Synthetic Routes
Citations
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Please be aware that all articles and product information presented on BenchChem are intended solely for informational purposes. The products available for purchase on BenchChem are specifically designed for in-vitro studies, which are conducted outside of living organisms. In-vitro studies, derived from the Latin term "in glass," involve experiments performed in controlled laboratory settings using cells or tissues. It is important to note that these products are not categorized as medicines or drugs, and they have not received approval from the FDA for the prevention, treatment, or cure of any medical condition, ailment, or disease. We must emphasize that any form of bodily introduction of these products into humans or animals is strictly prohibited by law. It is essential to adhere to these guidelines to ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards in research and experimentation.
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