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Several characters are used to tell T. canadensis and T. caroliniana apart:
Leaf tips
caroliniana = notched to rounded
canadensis = rounded to acute
Leaf length
caroliniana = lateral and dorsal leaves approx same length
canadensis = lateral and dorsal leaves dimorphic with the dorsal (along
the upper surface of the stem) being generally less than half the
length and *turned over* exposing the undersurface
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Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00002856 nsw%201995%20l12%20h017
Numerous cultivars of Tsuga canadensis have been developed, including compact shrubs, dwarfs, and graceful trees. Wood of the species tends to be brittle and inferior to that of the other North American hemlocks.
Eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis ) is the state tree of Pennsylvania.