16.
Vaccinium corymbosum
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 350. 1753.
High-bush blueberry, bleuet en corymbe
Cyanococcus amoenus
(Aiton) Small;
C. atrococcus
(A. Gray) Small;
C. corymbosus
(Linnaeus) Rydberg;
C. cuthbertii
Small;
C. elliottii
(Chapman) Small;
C. fuscatus
(Aiton) Small;
C. holophyllus
Small;
C. margarettae
(Ashe) Small;
C. simulatus
(Small) Small;
C. virgatus
(Aiton) Small;
Vaccinium amoenum
Aiton;
V. atrococcum
(A. Gray) A. Heller;
V. australe
Small;
V. constablaei
A. Gray;
V. corymbosum
var.
albiflorum
(Hooker) Fernald;
V. corymbosum
var.
glabrum
A. Gray;
V. elliottii
Chapman;
V. formosum
Andrews;
V. fuscatum
Aiton;
V. simulatum
Small;
V. virgatum
Aiton
Plants
erect, not colonial, sometimes suckering, 10-50 dm; twigs green, angular to terete, usually hairy in lines.
Leaves
usually deciduous; blade dark green, ovate to narrowly elliptic, 15-70 × 10-25 mm, subcoriaceous, margins sharply serrate or entire, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially.
Flowers:
calyx green, glabrous; corolla white to pink, ± cylindric, 5-12 mm; filaments usually ciliate.
Berries
dull black to blue, glaucous, 4-12 mm diam., glabrous.
Seeds
10-20(-25), ca. 1.2 mm.
2
n
= 24, 48, 72.
Flowering spring(-early summer). Open swamps, bogs, sandy margins of lakes, ponds, and streams, flatwoods, gray-birch scrub, pine barrens, mires, bay heads, upland ericaceous meadows, upland woods, ravines, mountain summits; 0-1600 m; B.C., N.B., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; introduced in Europe (Britain, The Netherlands), e Asia (Japan), Pacific Islands (New Zealand).
Every morphological variant of the high-bush blueberry has been named formally at one time or another. At least 25 such taxa have been raised to specific rank; none is distinct throughout its putative range nor has the properties normally associated with biological species, including
Vaccinium atrococcum
and
V. elliottii
. See S. P. Vander Kloet (1980) for a complete list of synonyms. Feral populations readily become established wherever cultivars have been planted, e.g., Britain, British Columbia, Japan, Missouri, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Washington, and Wisconsin.
SELECTED REFERENCES Vander Kloet, S. P. 1980. The taxonomy of the highbush blueberry,
Vaccinium corymbosum
. Canad. J. Bot. 58: 1187-1201. Vander Kloet, S. P. 1980b. Erratum: The taxonomy of the highbush blueberry,
Vaccinium
corymbosum
. Canad. J. Bot. 58: 2028-2029.
