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great stinging nettle

Urtica dioica

Summary 7

Urtica dioica, often called common nettle, stinging nettle (although not all plants of this species sting) or nettle leaf, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and western North America, and introduced elsewhere. The species is divided into six subspecies, five of which have many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on the leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injectin

Associations 8

Foodplant / saprobe
ascoma of Acrospermum compressum is saprobic on dead stem (esp. near base) of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 2-6
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / miner
solitary larva of Agromyza anthracina mines leaf of Urtica dioica
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / miner
larva of Agromyza pseudoreptans mines leaf of Urtica dioica
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / miner
larva of Agromyza reptans mines leaf of Urtica dioica
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Allophylaria macrospora is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 9-10

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Alernaria dematiaceous anamorph of Alternaria alternata is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Apion urticarium feeds within stem node of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
pulvinate colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph of Arthrinium urticae is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 11

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous, scattered, immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta urtica causes spots on leaf of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 8

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Belonidium sulphureum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 8-10
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
effuse colony of Botryosporium anamorph of Botryosporium pulchrum parasitises live Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 5-11
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Botrytis dematiaceous anamorph of Botrytis cinerea is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Cylindrocolla anamorph of Calloria neglecta is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-2

Foodplant / saprobe
gregarious, shortly stalked apothecium of Calycina herbarum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 9-12
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
basidiome of Calyptella capula feeds on living, dying, dead Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph of Camposporium pellucidum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Chrysolina fastuosa may be found on Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 3-12

Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Chrysolina polita grazes on live leaf of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: (1-)5-7(-12)

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Coprinopsis urticicola is saprobic on decayed debris of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Crepidotus luteolus is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Crocicreas coronatum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 9-11

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Crocicreas cyathoideum var. cyathoideum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 3-10

Foodplant / gall
Cuscuta europaea causes gall of Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Cystolepiota bucknallii is associated with Urtica dioica

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Cystolepiota seminuda is associated with Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Dendryphiella dematiaceous anamorph of Dendryphiella infuscans is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 4-5

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Dendryphiella dematiaceous anamorph of Dendryphiella vinosa is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 5-9

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Dendryphion dematiaceous anamorph of Dendryphion comosum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Dendryphion dematiaceous anamorph of Dendryphion nanum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed perithecium of Diaporthe arctii is saprobic on dead, blackened stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 7-11

Foodplant / saprobe
densely scattered, immersed, scarcely erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Diaporthe tulasnei is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-4

Foodplant / saprobe
stromatic, immersed, sometimes confluent conidioma of Apomelasmia coelomycetous anamorph of Diaporthopsis urticae is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 2-3

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Dictyosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Dictyosporium toruloides is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12

Plant / associate
adult of Dicyphus errans is associated with live Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 6-10

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Discocistella grevillei is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / saprobe
hypophyllous fruitbody of Efibulobasidium albescens is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma pleopodium is associated with Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Epicoccum dematiaceous anamorph of Epicoccum nigrum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / parasite
cleistothecium of Erysiphe urticae parasitises live leaf of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 9-10

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Geastrum fimbriatum is associated with Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Geastrum fornicatum is associated with Urtica dioica
Other: unusual host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Geastrum lageniforme is associated with Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
scattered or in small groups perithecium of Gibberella cyanogena is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: Autumn, Spring

Foodplant / saprobe
clustered perithecium of Gibberella pulicaris is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-4

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Gyrothrix dematiaceous anamorph of Gyrothrix verticillata is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 9

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hebeloma pallidoluctuosum is associated with Urtica dioica

Plant / resting place / on
colony of Helicobasidium purpureum may be found on live stem of Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Heterogaster urticae sucks sap of Urtica dioica
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Heterotoma planicornis feeds on bud of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial, scattered on in small groups, thinly subiculate perithecium of Hydropisphaera arenula is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Lachnum discolor is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 11

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Laetinaevia carneoflavida is saprobic on damp, dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 6-7

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Lasiobelonium mollissimum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 4-7

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Lepiota boudieri is associated with Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Lepiota grangei is associated with Urtica dioica

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Lepiota griseovirens is associated with Urtica dioica
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
mostly superficial Phoma coelomycetous anamorph of Leptosphaeria acuta is saprobic on dead stem (esp. near base) of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 6-1

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent pseudothecium of Leptosphaeria doliolum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, sometimes becoming free pseudothecium of Leptospora rubella is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed or semi-immersed pseudothecium of Lophiostoma angustilabrum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 2-10
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Lophiostoma caudatum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-4

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed or semi-immersed pseudothecium of Lophiostoma caulium is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed to partially erumpent pseudothecium of Lophiostoma origani var. rubidum is saprobic on dead, red to deep magenta stained stem of Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Macrocystidia cucumis is associated with Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmiellus candidus is saprobic on dead litter of Urtica dioica

Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Melanagromyza aenea may be found in stem of Urtica dioica
Other: sole host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Melanophyllum eyrei is associated with Urtica dioica

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Melanophyllum haematospermum is associated with Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / sap sucker
Microlophium carnosum sucks sap of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Mycena adscendens is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous colony of Ramularia anamorph of Mycosphaerella superflua parasitises live leaf of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 4-9

Foodplant / saprobe
extensive, velvety colony of Cladosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Mycosphaerella tulasnei is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Myriostoma coliforme is associated with Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, then exposed apothecium of Naemacyclus caulium is saprobic on dead stem (near base) of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 4

Foodplant / feeds on
Nedyus quadrimaculatus feeds on Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, sometimes becoming superficial pseudothecium of Ophiobolus erythrosporus is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Orthonotus rufifrons sucks sap of flower bud of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: late 5-

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Parathelcus pollinarius feeds on Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pellidiscus pallidus is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph of Periconia byssoides is saprobic on dead, patchily blackened stem of Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph of Periconia cookei is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph of Periconia minutissima is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
synnema of Endophragmia dematiaceous anamorph of Phragmocephala atra is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 10-1

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Phyllobius pomaceus grazes on live leaf of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / spot causer
scattered pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta urticae causes spots on live leaf of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 7

Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Phytomyza flavicornis may be found in stem of Urtica dioica
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Plagiognathus chrysanthemi sucks sap of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: late 6-9(10)
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
grouped, subepidermal perithecium of Plagiosphaera immersa is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 5-8

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Pleurophragmium dematiaceous anamorph of Pleurophragmium parvisporum is saprobic on dead, partly decorticate stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Polyscytalium dematiaceous anamorph of Polyscytalum berkeleyi is saprobic on dead stem (just above soil level) of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 3-5

Foodplant / saprobe
subcuticular to erumpent conidioma of Pseudolachnea coelomycetous anamorph of Pseudolachnea hispidula is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: esp. Winter

Foodplant / pathogen
hypophyllous colony of Pseudoperonospora urticae infects and damages live, yellowed leaf of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 9 & 5
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / gall
aecium of Puccinia urticata causes gall of live stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: early Spring

Foodplant / parasite
aecium of Puccinia urticata var. biporula parasitises live Urtica dioica

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Puccinia urticata var. urticae-acutae parasitises live Urtica dioica

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Puccinia urticata var. urticae-acutiformis parasitises live Urtica dioica

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Puccinia urticata var. urticae-flaccae parasitises live Urtica dioica

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Puccinia urticata var. urticae-hirtae parasitises live Urtica dioica

Foodplant / parasite
aecium of Puccinia urticata var. urticae-inflatae parasitises live Urtica dioica

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Puccinia urticata var. urticae-ripariae parasitises live Urtica dioica

Foodplant / parasite
aecium of Puccinia urticata var. urticae-vesicariae parasitises live Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pycnidium of Pyrenochaeta coelomycetous anamorph of Pyrenochaeta fallax is saprobic on dead, patchily grey stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Pyrenopeziza urticicola is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / saprobe
scattered, subepidermal, black pycnidium of Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph of Rhabdospora pleosporoides is saprobic on old, dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 1-3

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Rhodocybe gemina is associated with Urtica dioica
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial colony of Sarcopodium dematiaceous anamorph of Sarcopodium circinatum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
tufted colony of Septofusidium anamorph of Septofusidium herbarum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Foodplant / spot causer
immersed, epiphyllous, numerous, greyish-brown pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria urticae causes spots on live leaf of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 5-8

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Stachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph of Stachybotrys dichroa is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 4-9

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Stachylidium dematiaceous anamorph of Stachylidium bicolor is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Stropharia caerulea is associated with Urtica dioica

Foodplant / feeds on
female of Thrips urticae feeds on live flower of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 5-10

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Torula dematiaceous anamorph of Torula herbarum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Trichocladium dematiaceous anamorph of Trichocladium opacum is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Tubaria albostipitata is associated with Urtica dioica

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Typhula micans is saprobic on dying stem of Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Tyromyces wynnei is associated with Urtica dioica
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Unguiculella hamulata is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 5-9

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Volutella anamorph of Volutella ciliata is saprobic on dead stem of Urtica dioica
Remarks: season: 10-4

Sources and Credits

  1. (c) Марина Горбунова-Ëлкина, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Марина Горбунова-Ëлкина
  2. (c) anonymous, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), https://eol.org/media/8748721
  3. (c) anonymous, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), https://eol.org/media/8748719
  4. (c) anonymous, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), https://eol.org/media/8852057
  5. (c) anonymous, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), https://eol.org/media/8852059
  6. (c) anonymous, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), https://eol.org/media/8748722
  7. (c) Wikipedia, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtica_dioica
  8. (c) BioImages, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), http://eol.org/data_objects/30043180

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