Buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) Flower, Leaf, Care, Uses

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Plant Encyclopedia > Buffalo grass

Buffalo grass

Stenotaphrum secundatum

Also known as : Saint Augustine Grass, St. Augustine's grass, Buffalo turf

Buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) is a plant species also known as St. Augustine grass. Buffalo grass is a common lawn grass that is as popular as bermuda grass. Buffalo grass thrives in the Mediterranean region and tropical climates. It is common in the southern United States, Hawaii, South Africa and New Zealand.

Water

Twice per week

Sunlight

Full sun

Care Guide for Buffalo grass

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Watering Care

Buffalo grass should be freely watered during the growth period. Monitor it for any color changes and if you see it start to bend to one side and turn a shade of grey-blue, then that is a sign that it needs watering. Hydrated Buffalo grass is usually dark green and upright.

Details on Watering Care

Fertilizing Care

Application of a balanced liquid fertilizer during the growth period will aid buffalo grass if it is given every two weeks. It will respond well to fertilizers that are phosphate or nitrogen based, but do a soil test first to see which you really require.

Details on Fertilizing Care

Soil Care

Loam, Sand, Clay, Chalky, Sandy loam, Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline

Details on Soil Care

Ideal Lighting

Full sun, Partial sun

Details on Sunlight Requirements

Ideal Temperature

8 to 11

Details on Temperature

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Buffalo grass

Water

Twice per week

Sunlight

Full sun

Hardiness Zones

8 to 11

Planting Time

Spring

Questions About Buffalo grass

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What should I do if I water my Buffalo grass too much or too little?

Overwatered Buffalo grass If your grass is turning yellow or pale green, it may be getting too much water. Although Buffalo grass is tolerant of almost any soil type (it is not sensitive to pH, and can be in sandy, loamy, or clay soil types), it doesn’t do well in soil that doesn’t drain well. Avoid planting this grass in marshy areas or where the ground feels spongy. If you irrigate your lawn, err on the side of too little water vs too much, since Buffalo grass does best if it’s allowed to dry out before being watered again. Wet soil can allow fungus to grow, or create a favorable habitat for insect pests and weeds. Of course you can’t control how much rain falls on your Zoysia grass, and the occasional heavy rainfall is unlikely to cause problems for this resilient plant. However, long-term overwatering can cause the plant to suffer and even die off. Underwatered Buffalo grass One of the advantages of growing Buffalo grass is that it can survive without much water since it has adaptations that help it to conserve water. This grass has a deep root system, meaning it can use groundwater if it hasn’t been watered in a while. In drought conditions, this grass will turn yellow and get crispy, but it can recover once the dry spell is over. The ability to recover from a variety of conditions is one of the many reasons that Buffalo grass is such a popular grass.

How to water Buffalo grass?

In most places where grasses are used in landscaping, there will be sufficient rainfall to keep it looking good without supplemental irrigation or watering. However, if it is planted in a very dry climate or there is a lengthy drought, Buffalo grass may die out if it isn’t watered. During the winter months, this grass goes dormant and may appear to be dead, but it still needs moisture to keep from becoming fully dehydrated. It regrows as weather warms up in the spring. A good rule of thumb for watering Buffalo grass is that it does best with about an inch of water every 1 week. A thorough drenching in a short period of time is better than a slow and steady drip, as it leads to a stronger, deeper root system. Freshly planted grass has more specific requirements for watering. After planting, the young grass needs to be kept moist for the first 3 to 4 weeks until it has a chance to establish itself. The best time of year to plant Buffalo grass is in the late spring to early summer, when there tends to be plenty of rainfall anyway. However, if your area experiences a dry spell after you’ve recently planted grass in your lawn, it is a good idea to cover the grass to prevent water evaporating or to water the lawn to keep soil moist.

What should I consider when watering my Buffalo grass?

The environmental conditions, soil type, and amount of drainage will affect how often Buffalo grass needs to be watered. If your lawn has sandy soil that doesn’t retain much moisture, you may need to irrigate to keep this grass looking its best. Clay soils that drain slowly and hold a lot of water are less likely to need additional water, but can be bad for Buffalo grass as this grass is sensitive to too much water around its roots.

Do I need to cut my Buffalo grass?

Buffalo grass can grow very quickly during the growing season, and will start to look untidy if it is not mowed regularly. This grass produces flowers and seed heads that many people find unattractive, but regular mowing will cut those down before they become noticeable. Removing seeds before they develop will also keep your Buffalo grass seeds from spreading to areas where you’d rather not have it growing. In order to keep this grass looking as good as possible, regular maintenance including mowing is necessary.

When is the best time to cut my Buffalo grass?

Buffalo grass is known for its need for frequent mowing, and it grows most quickly during the summer months when there is plenty of sunlight to spur new growth. You should expect to mow at least once per week in summer. In spring and fall, you can adjust your mowing frequency depending on the height of the grass. This grass species tolerates being mowed very short, down to ¾ in/2cm, but will do best if it is cut to a height of around 2 in/2.5cm. Be sure not to remove more than ⅓ of the height of the leaf blade each time you mow, since cutting judiciously will help avoid brown patches due to scalping. The best time of day to prune Buffalo grass is in the morning on a day when there is no precipitation in the forecast. This gives the wound enough time to callus over throughout the day, making it less vulnerable to infection.

How should I cut my Buffalo grass?

There are no special requirements or equipment needed for mowing Buffalo grass, although a rotary mower works especially well for removing the seed heads. This grass species tolerates being mowed very short, down to ¾ in/2cm, but will do best if it is cut to a height of around 2 in/2.5cm. Be sure not to remove more than ⅓ of the height of the leaf blade each time you mow, since cutting judiciously will help avoid brown patches due to scalping. It is not necessary to bag clippings when mowing Buffalo grass. The best time of day to prune Buffalo grass is in the morning on a day when there is no precipitation in the forecast. This gives the wound enough time to callus over throughout the day, making it less vulnerable to infection.

What should I be careful with when mowing my Buffalo grass?

If allowed to get too tall, Buffalo grass can become difficult to mow since it has very coarse blades. Although it is possible to cut Buffalo grass very short, shorter blades can weaken the grass and stunt its ability to grow. If possible, keep this grass longer but cut it more frequently. Avoid cutting Buffalo grass when it is wet, such as after a rainstorm or watering. Wet grass leaves are more difficult to cut, making them more likely to be torn or bruised by the mower blade. Cutting wet grass can also cause disease and give the lawn a patchy, uneven appearance. Use a sharp mower blade on young Buffalo grass. When the grass has just emerged, its roots have not yet established themselves well enough to be anchored in the soil. A dull blade can tear the Buffalo grass from the ground, so sharpen the blade or use a new one the first few times you mow each year. Unsharp blades can cause large wounds through which fungi can easily infest the lawn.

What type of sunlight does Buffalo grass need?

Buffalo grass needs full sun every day, and these plants rely on a minimum of six hours of sunlight to keep their leaves, roots, and blooms in a healthy state. Even though most perennials need six hours of sunlight a day, plants like the Orange Daylily or Giant Coreopsis could live off less sun for a minimum of three hours daily. Even though these perennial flowering plants can live with only three hours of direct sunlight, they won't be able to thrive like they would in sunnier conditions.

Can sunlight damage Buffalo grass? How to protect Buffalo grass from the sun and heat damage?

The few Perennial Flowering Plants that don't like excessive heat in warm climates might react poorly to too much sun if they have heat damage. These plants may wilt or dry out from too much sun and may also develop growth issues if they're regularly in the sun during the most intense heat of the day. Some plants don't need protection from the light afternoon sun, but those that are harmed by intense afternoon exposure should be provided some shade in warmer climates. Gardeners could give these plants plenty of shade by planting them in spots that don't receive direct heat during the afternoon, like under trees or behind bushes.

Should I protect Buffalo grass from sun exposure?

While many perennial plants need plenty of sun to bloom to their fullest extent, some of them benefit from less sun in warmer climates. For example, people who live in hotter climates might want to provide shade for their flowering perennials in the hot afternoon sun, and this is even more true for months in the summer. Even though some perennial flowering plants will benefit from partially shaded in the hottest climates, plants like the Giant Coreopsis aren't intimidated by too much sun. They might sit outside in the full sun in hot weather and still thrive.

What will happen if Buffalo grass gets inadequate sunlight?

If you're growing Buffalo grass and you aren't getting enough sunlight, you'll notice signs of inadequate requirements in your plants. Most plants won't produce as many blooms as they would if they had full sun exposure. Some plants will develop dry spots on their leaves, but most of these plants will still bloom in the inadequate sun. Even though they bloom, the flowers will be smaller and less full.

Does Buffalo grass need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

Buffalo grass is great flowers in gardens and will have optimum blooming if it gets six hours of sunlight a day minimum. Sometimes, flowers stay fresh longer if they're partially shaded during the really hot parts of the day. When Buffalo grass is young, gardeners want to ensure their younger plants are getting plenty of sunlight but don't have to endure intense heat during the afternoon sunlight. If you have a fully mature plant, provide it with plenty of sun so it may keep up its growth properly.

How much light does Buffalo grass need for photosynthesis?

Buffalo grass will need a minimum of six hours of light to best support their photosynthesis cycles. These flowering plants need the sun to help their foliage and blooms grow. However, certain perennial flowering plants like the Giant Coreopsis might need anywhere from eight to twelve hours of full sun a day to maintain their large flowers and healthy foliage.

How much light should Buffalo grass get per day to grow healthily?

If you want your Buffalo grass to grow healthy and bloom as much as possible during its blooming season, you should try to give your plant six hours of direct sunlight. Some perennial plants might even do more sunlight and could sit in the sun for up to twelve hours, depending on the heat in the area and the general environment. Plants like the Red Hot Poker and Giant Coreopsis thrive in much hotter climates and might sit in all types of strong sunlight. Some home gardeners have to use grow lights because their spaces don't allow for tons of outdoor sunlight. Most perennials could grow happily in grow lights, but they will need anywhere from eight to fourteen hours of artificial light to stay strong since these lights don't have as much power as the sun.

What is the optimal temperature for Buffalo grass?

Colder temperatures can affect plants since they have the same temperature as the air around them. When they are exposed to the sun, they can start to get warm again, but this is not the case during winter. The temperature range for the Buffalo grass is often 70~85℉(21~30℃). They might tolerate 20~30℉(-6~0℃) even 15℉(-10℃), but not for long since this can result in frost damage. Maximum temperatures should be around 70~85℉(21~30℃), but make sure that you spray them with water from time to time and give them some shade to prevent wilting.

Should I adjust the temperature for Buffalo grass during different growing phases?

Do some research and make sure that the temperature is right when growing Buffalo grass. Some growers might consider decreasing the plants' thermostats during the growing season to reduce HVAC costs. However, it's vital to understand that the temperature can affect the flowering, pest management, and quality of the plants. There will be a temperature point where the Buffalo grass will stop growing, and this can happen during the winter when some species might go into a dormant state. The base temperature becomes warmer when the season changes and the Buffalo grass can grow faster. The species that are naturally growing in warm habitats have higher optimum temperatures when you compare them to the ones that thrive in a cooler climate. When the seeds of Buffalo grass are exposed to cool temperatures, this can cause a decrease in uniformity and delays. You might also want to lower the temperature during flowering but not at other phases. Cooler temperatures at night will also require less water, so adjust the irrigation as needed.

How can I keep Buffalo grass warm in cold seasons?

Stop fertilizing the plant to avoid new growth and allow the old ones to become hardy. This way, they can endure colder temperature when it begins to drop. To keep them warm, you can build structures around the Buffalo grass like cages or trellises. There are also options to use heat mats that can gently warm the soil since they can consistently maintain an ideal temperature range for the Buffalo grass.

How can I save Buffalo grass from temperature damage?

During winter, you can protect the Buffalo grass from frost by covering it with cloths, tarps, burlaps, sheets, or plastic buckets. Make sure to keep them down so they continue to act as insulators and the wind will not blow them away. However, ensure that the plastic sheets or burlap covers should not touch any part of the fruit or foliage, or the cold temperatures can transfer to the material and cause burns. When the temperatures begin to rise during the daytime, remove the covers.

Should I adjust the temperature for Buffalo grass in different seasons?

When growing the Buffalo grass in spring, you might want to increase humidity since the air temperature tends to be cooler at this time. A dry temperature can be a stressful growing environment for various species, which can help. If summer arrives, the large cover of the greenhouse and the warm temperature will mean that there will be a higher humidity level in the air. Some signs to look for are the condensation that is often found on the walls of the greenhouse, and this can cause issues with pollination and the development of infections when the water begins to fall on the leaves. Make adjustments according to the temperature and do some spraying during the hotter days of the year.

What damage will Buffalo grass suffer if the temperature is too high/low?

Generally, the first cold snap can destroy the Buffalo grass and others might go into a dormant state when the temperature is low. Some plants can get chilled when the temperatures range from 20~30℉(-6~0℃). They can freeze when the temperature begins to drop below 32℉(0℃). Those species that hide most of their parts under the soil might lose their structures above ground, but they can recover in spring. Some of the associated issues with too low temperatures are the lack of availability of resources like water, and nutrients, and those subtropical plants can suffer when the temperature reaches below 20℉(-6℃). The plants can also get damaged because of extreme heat stress when it's too high. This can reduce the transpiration rate that can affect the growth and productivity of Buffalo grass.

What tips and cautions should I keep in mind when it comes to temperature for Buffalo grass?

You need to cover the plants at night since these can add about 5 degrees more to protect the species from frost and freezing temperatures. The cloth rows can work well as blankets and ensure that there are no openings where the heat could escape. When using the covers, avoid the plastic from touching the foliage because this can cause the Buffalo grass to freeze. Remember to keep the covers during the day and stop using heat pads during the summer. It will always be worth the effort to protect the cold-intolerant plants from freezing temperatures to help them survive.

How can I keep Buffalo grass warm without a heat pad?

If you prefer not to use a heat pad, bring the Buffalo grass inside, especially if it's freezing outdoors. During spring, consider the ones you need to bring indoors and plant them in moveable pots and containers.

How can I provide Buffalo grass with an adequate temperature condition?

Most often, the ones caring for the Buffalo grass will grow them in greenhouses. This is because they can provide adequate temperature in these areas that won't affect the photosynthesis process of a specific process. Some install the proper HVAC systems to control the temperatures of Buffalo grass. This can handle many species' cooling and heating needs, especially during the summer and winter. They generally place the cooling or heating pad under the plants rather than above to achieve their desired temperatures. If outdoors, you can protect the Buffalo grass from frost by covering it with cloths, tarps, burlaps, sheets, or plastic buckets.

Under what conditions should I stop adjusting the temperature for Buffalo grass?

Heat mats are often left on Buffalo grass to set the temperatures at a more consistent level. When the weather becomes warmer during the day, you can remove them, especially if the species are exposed to the sun. Put the pads away once the plants are established and when they start growing flowers and fruits.

Why do I need to fertilize my Buffalo grass?

Fertilizing Buffalo grass is essential for vigorous, thick growth. A healthy, well-fed lawn maintains density, stays vibrantly green, recovers well from insect or mechanical damage, and better tolerates seasonal stressors like heat, drought, and cold temperatures. Unhealthy, under-fertilized lawns will gradually lose density and thin over time, allowing undesirable grasses and weeds to encroach. Malnourished lawns are also more prone to insect and disease problems.

When is the best time to fertilize my Buffalo grass?

Buffalo grass is classified as a warm-season grass that does most of its growing in the hottest part of summer, and goes dormant during the cooler winter season. You should fertilize to match its growth pattern—giving it fertilizer just after it comes out of dormancy, continuing through the growing season until just before it goes dormant again in the fall.

When should I avoid fertilizing my Buffalo grass?

At times, fertilizer can be harmful to Buffalo grass instead of helpful, especially if the plant is stressed for another reason. Avoid fertilizing if Buffalo grass is struggling with diseases such as leaf spot, pythium, large patch, brown patch, or fairy rings and insect problems like grubs, chinch bugs, or armyworms. The fertilizer will further weaken the plant's defenses, making it more vulnerable to other pest problems or disease infections. Never fertilize Buffalo grass when it is dormant in the winter. Always wait until the grass is actively growing. During the summer, when it’s hot, avoid fertilizing during the hottest part of the day to minimize fertilizer burn. Avoid fertilizing just after a rainstorm too. Let the soil dry out for a day or two before applying fertilizer to minimize runoff and possible contamination of ground and surface waters.

What type of fertilizer does my Buffalo grass need?

When it comes to fertilizing Buffalo grass, you should use designated lawn or turf fertilizers and avoid all-purpose garden fertilizers like a 12-12-12 blend. Turf blends are usually formulated to contain higher amounts of nitrogen with less phosphorus and potassium. This ratio provides the nutrients lawn need while minimizing injury. Lawn fertilizers typically contain a portion of nutrients that are slowly available to the grass, providing long-term, steady feeding. Of the fertilizer nutrients, nitrogen is needed in the highest quantity and has the most significant impact on established lawns. It promotes overall growth and green color. The Buffalo grass needs phosphorus and potassium for strong stem and root growth, drought resistance, tolerance to temperature extremes, and natural defenses against pest and disease attacks.

How do I fertilize my Buffalo grass?

Fertilize your lawn right after it comes out of winter dormancy and turns green again. Depending upon your local climate, this is typically early spring. Apply fertilizer every four to eight weeks throughout the spring, summer, and early fall. Stop fertilizing as the Buffalo grass starts to go dormant in the fall, or about four weeks before the first autumn frost. Always follow the label directions for recommended rates, or apply fertilizers based on soil test recommendations. After fertilizing, water the product into the soil well.

What happens if I fertilize my Buffalo grass too much?

Fertilizers contain salts, and when overapplied, these salts draw moisture out of the grass, causing fertilizer burn. Common signs of fertilizer burn include browning of leaf edges or leaf scorch—the grass blades look like they’ve been burned. If you suspect you have overfertilized your Buffalo grass, it is essential to act quickly. You can’t repair fertilizer damage, but you must remove excess fertilizer to prevent further problems. Water the Buffalo grass immediately to wash residual fertilizer off the grass blades. Every day for a week, slowly soak the affected soil with plenty of water to push the fertilizer salts out of the root zone.

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Key Facts About Buffalo grass

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Attributes of Buffalo grass

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Type

Grass

Planting Time

Spring

Bloom Time

Summer, Fall

Harvest Time

Fall

Plant Height

10 cm to 30 cm

Spread

1 m

Leaf Color

Green

Blue

Flower Size

1 cm

Flower Color

Green

Brown

Fruit Color

Brown

Black

Stem Color

Green

Dormancy

Winter dormancy

Leaf type

Evergreen

Ideal Temperature

15 - 38 ℃

Growth Season

Summer, Fall

Pollinators

Wind

Benefits to Pollinating Insects

Larval food

Growth Rate：Rapid

Boasting a rapid growth rate, buffalo grass vigorously develops during Summer and Fall, displaying a spurt in leaf production and propelling advancements in stature. Quick leaf production shields tender growth, while its accelerated height progression enables flower maturation. Seasonal variations exist, but the intensity of growth is prominent in Summer and Fall.

Name story

Buffalo grass

American bison prefers to feed on this grass, hence it is named buffalo grass. Also, it has become very popular as a low-maintenance lawn grass.

Symbolism

Psychic powers, Protection. It symbolizes food, concealment and hardiness.

Usages

Garden Use

Buffalo grass has a strong tolerance for various soil conditions from sandy to clay, and can tolerate shade and drought as well. It is often grown for lawns or ground cover, especially in coastal areas as this grass can help with soil conservation.

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Fertilize buffalo grass with a well-balanced fertilizer (such as 13-13-13) every two weeks during the summer blooming period. Make sure the fertilizer is not acidic as this can burn the plant. The amount of fertilizer required will depend on the plant's height. Generally, 1 cup of fertilizer is required for every 1.5 m. Sprinkle the fertilizer near the drip line.

Scientific Classification of Buffalo grass

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Monocotyledons

Order

Grasses, sedges and allies

Family

Grass

Genus

St. Augustine grasses

Species

Buffalo grass

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Common Pests & Diseases About Buffalo grass

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Common issues for Buffalo grass based on 10 million real cases

Leaf blight

Leaf blight is a serious fungal disease affecting Buffalo grass, causing leaf discoloration, reduced growth, and potentially plant death. The disease, caused by fungal pathogens, is highly active during warm, wet conditions, but can be managed effectively with strategic cultural practices and proper pesticide application.

Aged yellow and dry

Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.

Solutions: If the yellowing and drying of leaves and flowers is a natural progression due to age, nothing can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.

Scars

Any light-colored markings that appear on stems but which do not enlarge or multiply are simply scars that have healed.

Solutions: Each source of scarring requires a different approach to help your plant recover. Protect the trunk and leaves from physical damage like scrapes. If pests or disease are the cause of scarring, isolate the plant from others to avoid further spread. Some pests can be removed with organic remedies such as a soft cloth and soapy water solution or diluted isopropyl alcohol spray. Stop sunburn by moving your plant away from direct sunlight and making sure it has the water it needs. Frequent leaf or bud loss may be due to insufficient light or nutrients.

Plant dried up

The entire plant may dry out due to dieback or normal seasonal dormancy.

Solutions: The solution for a dried out plant depends on the cause, so determine the cause before selecting a treatment method. Adjust your watering: Stick your finger in the soil near the roots. If it feels bone dry or overly saturated, you need to adjust your watering frequency accordingly. Prune back dead foliage: Snip off any brown stems and leaves on the plant to make space for new growth. This encourages the roots to send up fresh stems. Move to a proper environment. This may involve decreasing or increasing sun exposure, depending on the species. Decrease fertilizer applications. If you have applied too much fertilizer, you can repot plants with fresh potting soil. Wait. If your plant has dried out as daylight is decreasing, it is entering dormancy. Decrease watering and wait until the plant resumes growth.

Brown spot

This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.

Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.

Underwatering

Leaves may wilt for a variety of reasons.

Solutions: The easiest (and most obvious) way to address underwatering is to fully hydrate the plant. However, this must be done carefully. A common mistake that many gardeners make is to douse their underwatered plants with water. This can overwhelm the roots of the plant and shock its system, something that can be even more damaging than the lack of water to begin with. Instead, water thoroughly and slowly, taking breaks to let the water slowly saturate through the soil to get to the roots. Use room temperature water, as cold water might be too much of a shock. In the future, shorten the time between waterings. A good rule of thumb is to check the soil around each plant daily. If it’s dry to at least two inches down, it’s time to water. If a container plant is repeatedly drying out very quickly, repotting into a slower-draining container might be a good idea, too.

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Weed Control About Buffalo grass

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Weeds

Native to the Caribbean and South America as well as parts of North America and Africa, buffalo grass has been introduced to Oceania and other parts of the Americas and Africa. It is not considered an invasive species in Australia and New Zealand, but it is listed as invasive in Hawaii. It has been used extensively for lawn grass, ground cover, and soil conservation. It spreads vigorously through rhizomes and stolons. It can crowd out native species, especially along waterways, coastal regions, and in disturbed areas. Weed mats, soil polarization, and herbicides can provide effective means of control. Pulling trailing stems at the edge of stands of buffalo grass can prevent spread. However, buffalo grass can easily regrow from small root segments, making mechanical control difficult in eradicating populations.

How to Control it

Once the weeds start to flower and fructify, it will be difficult to control them effectively. In fact, the best time to remove weeds is before flowering and fructification because the seeds will spread rapidly after that. So, it is necessary to remove weeds more often and to take precautions in advance next year. Ploughing: Be sure to plough and pull out all roots of perennial weeds before planting. The roots should be discarded, exposed to the sun for a long time, or buried deep. You can also use the roots to make organic fertilizer and compost the weeds. Pulling out: If the invaded weed has only spread to a small area, before the weeds fructify, wear gloves or use tools to pull them out. If it is difficult to pull out weed due to dry soil, adding water to the soil helps to make it easy to remove the roots thoroughly. After pulling out the weed, deep tillage can be adopted to remove the residual roots. This method is especially effective for weeds that are in the seedling stage or low growing size. Pruning: Pruning weeds before they fructify can effectively control the propagation of weeds, especially for annual weeds. Frequent pruning can inhibit the growth and fructification of weeds and effectively them in the same year. Chemical control: Using glyphosate herbicides can effectively remove the weed from the area. Note: When removing weeds, it is necessary to wear gloves to avoid direct contact with the weeds, especially for the ones that are poisonous, thorny and allergenic. When removing weeds at the flowering stage, special masks should be worn to prevent allergic reactions caused by the inhalation of pollen.

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Distribution of Buffalo grass

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Habitat of Buffalo grass

A variety of habitats, siliceous and calcareous sands near the sea

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Buffalo grass

Buffalo grass is a plant that thrives across continents, marking its presence significantly in both its native and introduced territories. Originally hailing from regions including South America, Africa, and the Caribbean, buffalo grass was transported to various parts of Europe, Asia, and Oceania. While it has been cultivated for specific uses, buffalo grass is sometimes thought to be mildly invasive, particularly in certain areas of Oceania. Despite its wide reach, buffalo grass only may have an impact on ecosystems in a few places, with thoughtful cultivation reducing ecological concerns.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Buffalo Grass Growth and Care

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Basic Care Guide

Common Pests & Diseases

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Water

Twice per week

Buffalo grass originates from the warm, temperate regions of Mexico, Caribbean, as well as Central and South America. This grass is accustomed to ample rainfall, ranging from 800-1500mm annually, and high atmospheric humidity. This implies buffalo grass has a higher tolerance to diverse watering conditions but in terms of residential landscaping, it requires moderate watering, efficiently absorbing moisture in humid climates and robustly enduring in drought-prone areas. Replicating such versatile watering environment best supports buffalo grass's growth.

Watering Techniques

Lighting

Full sun

Buffalo grass favors abundant light exposure for optimal growth, though it can bear with moderate light. Originated from habitats that enjoy bountiful sunlight, its health and growth pace are strongly correlated with light levels. If light isn't substantial enough, the plant's vigor may decrease; too much, it may show signs of stress.

Best Sunlight Practices

Transplant

1-2 feet

Transplanting buffalo grass is best done during the glorious days of late spring to mid-summer, when warmer temperatures promote growth. Opt for a sunny or partially shaded location, ensuring proper drainage. To enhance success, avoid disturbing the roots while transplanting.

Transplant Techniques

Temperature

-5 - 43 ℃

The buffalo grass prefers a temperature range between 59 to 100℉ (15 to 38℃). It is native to areas with warm climates and thrives in full sun exposure. During the summer months, it is important to maintain soil moisture to prevent damage from high temperatures. In the winter, it can withstand light frost and prefers cooler temperatures.

Temp for Healthy Growth

Pruning

Spring, Summer, Autumn

This warm-season perennial grass, known for its heat and drought tolerance, thrives in sunny locations. For buffalo grass, mow at a height of 2-3 inches to encourage a dense turf while preventing scalping. Prune regularly during active growth from early spring through late fall. Benefits include reduced thatch, improved turf vigor, and enhanced resistance to pests and diseases. Sharp blades are imperative to prevent tearing, which can lead to stress and disease entry.

Pruning techniques

Propagation

Spring, Autumn

Buffalo grass is best propagated through division during the ideal seasons of spring and autumn. The process is generally easy, with successful propagation indicated by new growth. Proper rootball separation is crucial for healthy propagation.

Propagation Techniques

Overwinter

-5 - 43 ℃

Native to tropical and subtropical climates, buffalo grass has natural adaptations to survive mild winters with less sunlight and cooler temperatures. A warm-season perennial, it becomes semi-dormant in winter, with slowed growth and fading color. Winter care for buffalo grass includes reducing water and fertilizer usage, protecting it from frost and heavy foot traffic, and maintaining a healthy, dense lawn to prevent weed invasion.

Winter Techniques

Leaf blight

Fire ants

Fire ants, a type of invasive pest, heavily impact the health and vitality of Buffalo grass. These aggressive insects establish colonies in the soil, disrupting nutrient balance and causing visible damage, leading to reduced growth and possible plant death.

Brown blotch

Brown spot is a persistent disease that impacts the health and vitality of Buffalo grass. It manifests as brown spots on the blades, impairing its aesthetic appeal and potentially leading to more severe damage if left untreated. The disease thrives in warm, humid conditions.

Leaf rot

Leaf rot is a common plant disease impacting Buffalo grass, where the plant's leaves turn brown, wilt and may die if not treated. This issue, mostly caused by fungal pathogens, can drastically affect the plant's health and aesthetics.

Dieback

Dieback is a progressive plant disease that usually causes widespread damage and deterioration in plant health in Buffalo grass. This disease starts from plant extremities, such as branches and roots, gradually affecting the overall vigor and survival of Buffalo grass.

Feng shui direction

Southwest

Buffalo grass is a suitable choice for landscaping in Southwest-facing gardens due to its grounding and harmonizing properties. This native grass's adaptable nature promotes stability, which is in alignment with Earth energy - the dominant element in the Southwest direction. Thus, it may enhance the positive energy in your surroundings, while remaining respectful to the ancient practice of Feng Shui.

Fengshui Details

Plants Related to Buffalo grass

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Hairy beggarticks

Hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa) is a slender, annual flowering plant native to North and South America and grown all over the world. Hairy beggarticks is also called black-jack and devils needles. Seed dispersal occurs with this plant, and its seeds are transported by animals. As a result, hairy beggarticks has become an invasive species in many countries.

Chandelier plant

Chandelier plant (Kalanchoe delagoensis) is a succulent plant that originated in Madagascar. A synonym for Kalanchoe delagoensis is Bryophyllum delagoense. An alternative name for chandelier plant is mother of millions. This plant's tolerance of drought conditions have made it a popular garden plant.

Purple amaranth

Purple amaranth (Amaranthus blitum) is an annual plant that often grows as a weed. It is not often cultivated, but some people around the world gather the leaves and stems to be eaten as boiled vegetables. It is particularly common in Greek and Lebanese kitchens.

Japanese maple

A woody plant native to East Asia, the japanese maple features hand-shaped leaves with five-pointed lobes that resemble the palm of a hand. It has been cultivated for millennia in Japan for bonsai creation. Extracts from the branches and leaves of this plant are used as medicine in Chinese traditional medicine.

Asthma-plant

Asthma-plant (Euphorbia hirta) is a ground-hugging spurge weed whose branches can grow to 61 cm long. It blooms from summer through early fall, dying off after the first frost. A milky sap will seep from broken stems or leaves. It can be a nuisance weed that reproduces rapidly.

Monarch fern

Monarch fern (Phymatosorus scolopendria) is a perennial fern that is also known as the wart fern. It has broad, glossy fronds that have wart-like bumps on the surface. It is native to Hawaii and prefers full sun to partial shade. It is a slow growing fern that grows well in tropical climates. The leaves, when crushed, have a musky scent.

Poison ivy

In pop culture, poison ivy is a symbol of an obnoxious weed because, despite its unthreatening looks, it gives a highly unpleasant contact rash to the unfortunate person who touches it. Still, it is commonly eaten by many animals, and the seeds are a favorite with birds. The leaves turn bright red in fall. Its sister species, Western poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii), is not considered to be invasive in the United States, but is noxious in Australia and New Zealand.

Pokeweed

Although its berries look juicy and tempting, the fruits and the root of pokeweed are toxic and should not be eaten. Pokeweed is considered a pest species by farmers but is nevertheless often grown as an ornamental plant. Its berries can be made into pokeberry ink as well.

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Buffalo grass

Stenotaphrum secundatum

Also known as: Saint Augustine Grass, St. Augustine's grass, Buffalo turf

Water

Twice per week

Sunlight

Full sun

Care Guide for Buffalo grass

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Watering Care

Fertilizing Care

Soil Care

Loam, Sand, Clay, Chalky, Sandy loam, Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline

Ideal Lighting

Full sun, Partial sun

Ideal Temperature

8 to 11

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Questions About Buffalo grass

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What should I do if I water my Buffalo grass too much or too little?

How to water Buffalo grass?

What should I consider when watering my Buffalo grass?

Do I need to cut my Buffalo grass?

When is the best time to cut my Buffalo grass?

How should I cut my Buffalo grass?

What should I be careful with when mowing my Buffalo grass?

What type of sunlight does Buffalo grass need?

Can sunlight damage Buffalo grass? How to protect Buffalo grass from the sun and heat damage?

Should I protect Buffalo grass from sun exposure?

What will happen if Buffalo grass gets inadequate sunlight?

Does Buffalo grass need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

How much light does Buffalo grass need for photosynthesis?

How much light should Buffalo grass get per day to grow healthily?

What is the optimal temperature for Buffalo grass?

Should I adjust the temperature for Buffalo grass during different growing phases?

How can I keep Buffalo grass warm in cold seasons?

How can I save Buffalo grass from temperature damage?

Should I adjust the temperature for Buffalo grass in different seasons?

What damage will Buffalo grass suffer if the temperature is too high/low?

What tips and cautions should I keep in mind when it comes to temperature for Buffalo grass?

How can I keep Buffalo grass warm without a heat pad?

How can I provide Buffalo grass with an adequate temperature condition?

Under what conditions should I stop adjusting the temperature for Buffalo grass?

Why do I need to fertilize my Buffalo grass?

When is the best time to fertilize my Buffalo grass?

When should I avoid fertilizing my Buffalo grass?

What type of fertilizer does my Buffalo grass need?

How do I fertilize my Buffalo grass?

What happens if I fertilize my Buffalo grass too much?

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Key Facts About Buffalo grass

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Attributes of Buffalo grass

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Type

Grass

Planting Time

Spring

Bloom Time

Summer, Fall

Harvest Time

Fall

Plant Height

10 cm to 30 cm

Spread

1 m

Leaf Color

Green

Blue

Flower Size

1 cm

Flower Color

Green

Brown

Fruit Color

Brown

Black

Stem Color

Green

Dormancy

Winter dormancy

Leaf type

Evergreen

Ideal Temperature

15 - 38 ℃

Growth Season

Summer, Fall

Pollinators

Wind

Benefits to Pollinating Insects

Larval food

Growth Rate：Rapid

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Name story

Buffalo grass

American bison prefers to feed on this grass, hence it is named buffalo grass. Also, it has become very popular as a low-maintenance lawn grass.

Symbolism

Psychic powers, Protection. It symbolizes food, concealment and hardiness.

Usages

Garden Use

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Buffalo grass

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Monocotyledons

Order

Grasses, sedges and allies

Family

Grass

Genus

St. Augustine grasses

Species

Buffalo grass

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Common Pests & Diseases About Buffalo grass

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Common issues for Buffalo grass based on 10 million real cases

Leaf blight

Learn More About the Leaf blight

Aged yellow and dry

Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.

Learn More About the Aged yellow and dry

Scars

Any light-colored markings that appear on stems but which do not enlarge or multiply are simply scars that have healed.

Learn More About the Scars

Plant dried up

The entire plant may dry out due to dieback or normal seasonal dormancy.

Learn More About the Plant dried up

Brown spot

This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.

Learn More About the Brown spot

Underwatering

Leaves may wilt for a variety of reasons.

Learn More About the Underwatering

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Weed Control About Buffalo grass

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Weeds

How to Control it

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Distribution of Buffalo grass

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Habitat of Buffalo grass

A variety of habitats, siliceous and calcareous sands near the sea

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Buffalo grass

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Buffalo Grass Growth and Care

Basic Care Guide

Common Pests & Diseases

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Spring, Summer, Autumn

Plants Related to Buffalo grass

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Indoor

Requirements

Full sun

Ideal

Above 6 hours sunlight

Partial sun

Tolerance

About 3-6 hours sunlight

Watch how sunlight gracefully moves through your garden, and choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade for your plants, ensuring their happiness.

Essentials

Preferred

Tolerable

Unsuitable

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Artificial lighting

Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.

Important Symptoms

Symptoms of Insufficient Light in %s

Buffalo grass thrives in full sunlight and is commonly grown outdoors where it receives ample sunlight. When placed in rooms with inadequate lighting, symptoms of light deficiency may not be readily apparent.

(Symptom details and solutions)

Small leaves

New leaves may grow smaller in size compared to the previous ones once they have matured.

Leggy or sparse growth

The spaces between leaves or stems of your buffalo grass may become longer, resulting in a thin and stretched-out appearance. This can make the plant look sparse and weak, and it may easily break or lean due to its own weight.

Faster leaf drop

When plants are exposed to low light conditions, they tend to shed older leaves early to conserve resources. Within a limited time, these resources can be utilized to grow new leaves until the plant's energy reserves are depleted.

Slower or no new growth

Buffalo grass enters a survival mode when light conditions are poor, which leads to a halt in leaf production. As a result, the plant's growth becomes delayed or stops altogether.

Lighter-colored new leaves

Insufficient sunlight can cause leaves to develop irregular color patterns or appear pale. This indicates a lack of chlorophyll and essential nutrients.

Solutions

1. To ensure optimal growth, gradually move plants to a sunnier location each week, until they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Use a south-facing window and keep curtains open during the day for maximum sunlight exposure and nutrient accumulation.2. To provide additional light for your plant, consider using artificial light if it's large or not easily movable. Keep a desk or ceiling lamp on for at least 8 hours daily, or invest in professional plant grow lights for ample light.

Symptoms of Excessive light in %s

Buffalo grass thrives in full sun exposure and can tolerate intense sunlight. With their remarkable resilience, symptoms of sunburn may not be easily visible, as they rarely suffer from it.

(Symptom details and solutions)

Chlorosis

Chlorosis is a condition where the plant's leaves lose their green color and turn yellow. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll from excessive sunlight, which negatively affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize.

Sunscald

Sunscald occurs when the plant's leaves or stems are damaged by intense sunlight exposure. It appears as pale, bleached, or necrotic areas on the plant tissue and can reduce the plant's overall health.

Leaf Curling

Leaf curling is a symptom where leaves curl or twist under extreme sunlight conditions. This is a defense mechanism used by the plant to reduce its surface area exposed to sunlight, minimizing water loss and damage.

Wilting

Wilting occurs when a plant loses turgor pressure and its leaves and stems begin to droop. Overexposure to sunlight can cause wilting by increasing the plant's water loss through transpiration, making it difficult for the plant to maintain adequate hydration.

Leaf Scorching

Leaf scorching is a symptom characterized by the appearance of brown, dry, and crispy edges or patches on leaves due to excessive sunlight. This can lead to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant health.

Solutions

1. Move your plant to the optimal position where it can receive abundant sunlight but also have some shade. An east-facing window is an ideal choice as the morning sunlight is gentler. This way, your plant can enjoy ample sunlight while reducing the risk of sunburn.2. It is recommended to trim off any completely dehydrated or withered parts of the plant.

Discover information about plant diseases, toxicity, weed control and more.

Indoor

Requirements

Ideal

Tolerable

Unsuitable

Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care.

Essentials

Regional wintering strategies

Buffalo grass has some cold tolerance and generally does not require any additional measures when the temperature is above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. However, if the temperature is expected to drop below {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}, it is necessary to take some temporary measures for cold protection, such as wrapping the plant with plastic film, fabric, or other materials. Once the temperature rises again, the protective measures should be removed promptly.

Important Symptoms

Symptoms of Low Temperature in Buffalo grass

Buffalo grass has moderate tolerance to low temperatures and thrives best when the temperature is above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min}. During winter, it should be kept above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. When the temperature falls below {Limit_growth_temperature}, the leaves may start to droop. In mild cases, they can recover, but in severe cases, the leaves will wilt and eventually fall off.

Solutions

Trim off the frost-damaged parts. Prior to encountering low temperatures again, wrap the plant with materials such as non-woven fabric or cloth, and construct a wind barrier to protect it from the cold wind.

Symptoms of High Temperature in Buffalo grass

During summer, Buffalo grass should be kept below {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. When the temperature exceeds {Tolerable_growing_temperature_max}, the color of the leaves becomes lighter, the leaf tips may become dry and withered, the leaves may curl, and the plant becomes more susceptible to sunburn.

Solutions

Trim away the sunburned and dried-up parts. Move the plant to a location that provides shade from the midday and afternoon sun, or use a shade cloth to create shade. Water the plant in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist.

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Care Guide for Buffalo grass

Questions About Buffalo grass

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Buffalo grass

Attributes of Buffalo grass

Name story

Symbolism

Usages

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Buffalo grass

Common Pests & Diseases About Buffalo grass

Weed Control About Buffalo grass

Distribution of Buffalo grass

Habitat of Buffalo grass

Distribution Map of Buffalo grass

More Info on Buffalo Grass Growth and Care

Plants Related to Buffalo grass

Care Guide for Buffalo grass

Questions About Buffalo grass

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Buffalo grass

Attributes of Buffalo grass

Name story

Symbolism

Usages

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Buffalo grass

Common Pests & Diseases About Buffalo grass

Weed Control About Buffalo grass

Distribution of Buffalo grass

Habitat of Buffalo grass

Distribution Map of Buffalo grass

More Info on Buffalo Grass Growth and Care

Plants Related to Buffalo grass