1260 Manual

1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer
OPERATING MANUAL
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1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer
Solartron is a division of Solartron Group Ltd. Any reference to Schlumberger or Schlumberger Instruments (the name of the company until November 1993) implies no liability on the part of Schlumberger.
Solartron a division of Solartron Group Ltd
Issue CB: January 1996 Solartron Part No. :12600
Victoria Road, Farnborough, Hampshire GU14 7PW, UK.
1996
Solartron Victoria Road, Farnborough Hampshire, GU14 7PW England Telephone: +44 (0)1252 376666 Fax: +44 (0)1252 544981 Solartron 37 Rue du Saule Trapu 91882 MASSY, Cedex France Telephone: +33 (0)1 69 53 63 53 Fax: +33 (0)1 60 13 37 06
Solartron 964 Marcon Blvd., Suite 200 Allentown, PA 18103, USA Telephone: +1 610-264-5034 Fax: +1 610-264-5329 Solartron Beijing Liasion Office Room 327 Ya Mao Building No. 16, Bei Tu Chen Xi Road Beijing 100101, PR China Telephone: +86 10-6238 4687 Fax: +86 10-6202-8617
E-mail: solartron@solartron.com Web: http://www.solartron.com

For details of our agents in other countries, please contact our Farnborough, UK, office. Solartron pursues a policy of continuous development and product improvement. The specification in this document may therefore be changed without notice.
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Solartron a division of Solartron Group Ltd Victoria Road, Farnborough Hampshire GUI4 7PW England Tel +44 (0) 1252 376666 Fax +44 (0) 1252 543854
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
The directives covered by this declaration
73123/EEC 89/336/EEC 93/68/EEC Low voltage Equipment Directive, amended by 93/68/EEC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive, amended by 92/31/EEC &
Product(s)
1260A Impedance Analyzer

Basis on which conformity is being declared
The product(s) identified above comply with the requirements of the EU directives by meeting the following standards: BS EN50081-1:1992 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Emission Standard Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry. BS EN50082-1:1992 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Immunity Standard Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry. EN61010-1:1993 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. Accordingly the CE mark has been applied to this product.
Signed For and behaIf of Solartron, a division of Solartron
Group Limited Authority: Date: Engineering Manager December 1995

REGISTERED IN ENGLAND No.2852989. REGISTERED OFFICE: BYRON HOUSE, CAMBRIDGE BUSINESS PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CB4 4WZ Approved to BS EN ISO 9001:1994 and BS EN 123000, MOD Registered Company A Roxboro Group company
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GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

The equipment described in this manual has been designed in accordance with EN6 1010 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use, and has been supplied in a safe condition. To avoid injury to an operator or service technician the safety precautions given below, and throughout the manual, must be strictly adhered to, whenever the equipment is operated, serviced or repaired. For specific safety details, please refer to the relevant sections within the manual. The equipment is designed solely for electronic measurement and should be used for no other purpose. Solartron Instruments accept no responsibility for accidents or damage resulting from any failure to comply with these precautions. GROUNDING To minimize the hazard of electrical shock it is essential that the equipment is connected to a protective ground whenever the power supply, measurement or control circuits are connected, even if the equipment is switched off. The protective ground for ac and dc supplies is connected separately. AC GROUND is connected via the ac supply cord. The cord must be plugged into an ac line outlet with a protective ground contact. When an extension lead is used, this must also contain a ground conductor. Always connect the ac supply cord to the supply outlet before connecting the control and signal cables; and, conversely, always disconnect control and signal cables before disconnecting the ac supply cord. The ac ground connection must have a continuous current rating of 6A, and be capable of taking 25A for a minimum of one minute. AC SUPPLY VOLTAGE Never operate the equipment from a line voltage or frequency in excess of that specified. Otherwise, the insulation of internal components may break down and cause excessive leakage currents. FUSES Before switching on the equipment check that the fuses accessible from the exterior of the equipment are of the correct rating. The rating of the ac line fuse must be in accordance with the voltage of the ac supply. Should any fuse continually blow, do not insert a fuse of a higher rating. Switch the equipment off, clearly label it unserviceable and inform a service technician. EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES NEVER OPERATE the equipment, or any sensors connected to the equipment, in a potentially explosive atmosphere. It is NOT intrinsically safe and could possibly cause an explosion. Continued overleaf.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (continued from previous page)

SAFETY SYMBOLS For the guidance and protection of the user, the following safety symbols appear on the equipment: SYMBOL MEANING Refer to operating manual for detailed instructions of use.
Hazardous voltages.
NOTES, CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS For the guidance and protection of the user, Notes, Cautions and Warnings appear throughout the manual. The significance of these is as follows: NOTES CAUTIONS WARNINGS highlight important information for the readers special attention. guide the reader in avoiding damage to the equipment. guide the reader in avoiding a hazard that could cause injury or death.
AVOID UNSAFE EQUIPMENT The equipment may be unsafe if any of the following statements apply: Equipment shows visible damage. Equipment has failed to perform an intended operation. Equipment has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable conditions. Equipment has been subjected to severe physical stress.
If in any doubt as to the serviceability of the equipment, dont use it. Get it properly checked out by a qualified service technician. LIVE CONDUCTORS When the equipment is connected to its measurement inputs or supply, the opening of covers or removal of parts could expose live conductors. The equipment must be disconnected from all power and signal sources before it is opened for any adjustment, replacement, maintenance or repair. Adjustments, maintenance or repair, must be done only by qualified personnel, who should refer to the Maintenance Manual. EQUIPMENT MODIFICATION To avoid introducing safety hazards, never install nonstandard parts in the equipment, or make any unauthorized modification. To maintain safety, always return the equipment to Solartron for service and repair.
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1260 OPERATING MANUAL CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Key Features 1.2 Use of the Manual 1.3 Specification 1.3 1.4 1.5
Chapter 4: Menu Summary

Menu Summary of: GENERATOR ANALYZER SWEEP DISPLAY PLOTTER PLOTTER AXES 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9
Chapter 2: Installation
2.1 Accessories 2.2 Safety 2.2.1 General Safety Precautions 2.2.2 Grounding 2.3 Power Supply 2.3.1 Power Voltage Selector 2.3.2 Line Fuse 2.3.3 Power Cable 2.3.4 Connection Procedure 2.4 Rack Mounting 2.4.1 Telescopic Slide Kit (Accuride) 2.4.2 Rack Dimensions 2.4.3 Ventilation 2.4.4 Fitting Telescopic Slide (Accuride) 2.4.5 FittingTelescopic Slide 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.14
DATA OUTPUT SCALE/LIMITS VIEW FILE VERNIER STATUS STORE/RECALL LEARN PROGRAM SELFTEST
Chapter 5: Menu Terms

Menu Terms of: GENERATOR ANALYZER SWEEP DISPLAY PLOTTER PLOT PLOTTER AXES 5.3 5.6 5.12 5.15 5.18 5.23 5.24 5.27 5.31 5.37 5.38 5.41 5.47 5.48 5.50
Chapter 3. Getting Started

3.1 Introduction 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Instrument Keyboard Power-up Status Display Using a Control Menu Making a Simple Measurement 3.6.1 Preliminaries 3.6.2 Connecting the Item Under Test 3.6.3 Setting the Analyzer 3.6.4 Setting the Generator 3.6.5 Commanding a Measurement 3.6.6 Setting the Display 3.7 Using the Sweep Facility 3.7.1 Setting the Sweep 3.7.2 Preparing the History File 3.7.3 Commanding a Series of Measurements 3.7.4 Reading the History File 3.8 Using the Plot Facility 3.8.1 Making a Bode Plot of File Data 3.8.2 Making a Nyquist Plot of File Data 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.10 3.10 3.12 3.14 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.18 3.18 3.19 3.21 3.2 3.22
DATA OUTPUT SCALE/LIMITS VIEW FILE VERNIER STATUS STORE/RECALL LEARN PROGRAM SELFTEST
Chapter 6: Measurement connections

6.1 6.2 Introduction Analyzer Input Configurations 6.2.1 Single-ended Inputs 6.2.2 Differential Inputs 6.3 6.4 6.5 High Frequency Measurements Equivalent Circuits Basic Connections for In-circuit Impedance Measurements 6.5.1 Cable Lengths 6.6 The Test Modules 6.6.1 12601A Component Test Module 6.6.2 12603A In-Circuit Test Module 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.10 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
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Chapter 7: Remote Control

7.1 7.2 Introduction GPIB Interface 7.2.1 GPIB Capability Code 7.2.2 GPIB Connector 7.2.3 GPIB Switches 7.2.4 Output to the GPIB 7.2.5 Serial Poll/ Parallel Poll: GPIB 7.2.6 Parallel Poll 7.2.7 Commands for IEEE 488 Protocol 7.3 Serial Interface 7.3.1 Data Handshake 7.3.2 Echo 7.3.3 Input Command Terminator and Character Frame 7.3.4 Serial Interface Connector 7.3.5 Baud Rate Switches 7.3.6 Output to Serial Interface 7.4 Dump Output Format, for RS423 and GPIB 7.4.1 Dump Output 7.4.2 'Dump All Output 7.4.3 Floating Point Format (Dump" and Dump All' Data) 7.5 Remote/Local Control 7.5.1 Local Lock-out 7.5.2 Combined Use of RS423 and GPIB Devices 7.6 Control Program Examples 7.6.1 Language Used in Program Examples 7.18 7.19 7.19 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.11 7.11 7.11 7.12 7.14 7.14 7.14 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.10 7.10 7.11 7.11 7.11
9.2.5 Group 4: Learnt Program; History File; Vernier 9.2.6 Group 5: Missing Modules 9.2.7 Group 6: Illegal Input/Output 9.2.8 Group 7: System/Calibration 9.2.9 Group 8: Measurement Validity 9.2.10 Group 9: Store/recall 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8
Chapter 10: Scaling and Limits Checking

10.1 Scaling Facilities 10.2 Normalising Sweep Measurements 10.3 Scaling a Measurement 10.3.1 Checking the Constants Store 10.3.2 Entering a Scaling Constant 10.3.3 Checking the Function Store 10.3.4 10.3.5 10.3.6 10.3.7 Clearing a Scaling Function Entering a Scaling Function Scaling Function Example Applying a Scaling Function 10.3 10.3 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.8 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.19 10.21 10.21
10.4 The Limits Facility 10.4.1 Setting the Limits
Chapter 11: Learnt Programs

11.1 Learnt Program Facilities 11.1.1 Program Swrage 11.1.2 Program Keyswitch 11.2 Checking the Program Memory Space 11.3 Clearing a Learnt Program 11.4 Creating a Learnt Program 11.4.1 Entering the Learn Mode 11.4.2 Learnt Program Example 11.5 Executing a Learnt Program 7.20 11.6 Editing a Learnt Program 11.6.7 Entering the Edit Mode 7.20 11.6.8 Listing of Example Program 11.6.9 Using the Edit Functions 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.14 11.10 Copying a Learnt Program 11.7.1 Copy procedure 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.6 11.7 11.11 11.12 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.16 11.16
7.6.2 Example: Outputting Readings to the GPI B 7.19 7.6.7 Example: Plotting Results from the History File, Using a Controller 7.6.4 Example: Outputting the History file to the GPIB
Chapter 8: Remote Commands

7.1 7.2 7.3 Introduction Command Syntax Command Swnmary Command Index
Chapter 9: Error Messages

9.1 Introduction 9.2 Error Code Summary 9.2.1 Group 0: Command Structure 9.2.2 Group 1: Learnt Program 9.2.3 Group 2: Combined Parameters 9.2.4 Group 3: Generator 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.2
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Introduction
Section
1.1 1.2 1.3 Key Features Use of the Manual Specification
Page
1.3 1.4 1.5
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Menu Terms
1.1
KEY FEATURES
The 1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer uses powerful microprocessor-controlled digital and analog techniques to provide a comprehensive range of impedance and frequency response measuring facilities. These include: Single sine drive and analysis of the system or component under test over the frequency range 10Hz to 32MHz. Measurement integration, and auto-integration, of the analyzer input, for harmonic and noise rejection. Sweep facility, for any one of three measurement variables, frequency, amplitude, or bias. A comprehensive range of voltage and current transfer characteristics, each one available from the original base data, which includes: polar, log polar, and Cartesian co-ordinates of the voltage measurement result, polar and cartesian co-ordinates of current transfer characteristics, polar and cartesian co-ordinates of impedance and admittance, inductance or capacitance values, with resistance, quality factor, or dissipation factor, for series or parallel circuits. Plotter output, of immediate or filed data, to a digital plotter on the GPIB. Limit check and data reduction facility. Data output can be confined to those results that fall within, or outside, user-defined values. Output ports selectable from: RS 423, GPIB, and the History File. Result scaling, that includes: a normalization facility that separates the desired results from confusing background data; and, for impedance measurements, a nulling facility that compensates for stray capacitance and inductance. Vernier facility, which allows the drive to be adjusted whilst measurements are being made. Learn program facility, which allows the instrument to learn a series of control settings and commands. Component sorting, manual or automatic. Self test facility. Local control from a simplified key panel, or remote control from the GPIB.
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Menu Terms
1.2
USE OF THE MANUAL

Chapter 2 Describes how to install the instrument. This procedure should be followed implicitly, to ensure safe and reliable operation of the instrument. Introduces .the front panel controls and, by means of simple examples, shows you how to start using the instrument. Summarises the control menus. This information, which also appears on a blue pull-out card at the front of the manual, is intended as a memory aid for experienced users. Is an encyclopaedia of menu terms and explains the meaning and background of each individual control setting. Explains how to connect the instrument to the item under test. Gives detailed information on how to control the instrument remotely, from the GPIB. Guidance in the use of RS 423 is given also. Remote Commands Lists the error messages. Error messages are displayed (and an error code is output to a remote device) when a bad command has been given to the instrument or an unacceptable control condition exists. Shows how the measurement results may be scaled and/or limits checked. Shows how the instrument may be made to store a series of commands, to be executed later as a learnt program.
Chapter 3 Chapter 4
Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9
Chapter 10 Chapter 11
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Menu Terms
1.3
1260 SPECIFICATION
These specifications will apply under any combination of stated operating conditions, such as temperature, humidity and signal type. They are guaranteed (not typical) and valid for one year after calibration. As part of the production procedure every instrument is thoroughly soak-tested, then autocalibrated to a tolerance better than that specified. Solartron designs and manufactures to BS EN 9001.
Generator Frequency,
Range: Resolution: 10Hz to 32MHz 10Hz to 655.36Hz: 655.36Hz to 6.5536kHz: 6.5536kHz to 65.536kHz: 65.536kHz to 655.36kHz: 655.36kHz to 6.5536MHz: 6.5536MHz to 32MHz: Error: Stability, 24hrs 1C 10Hz 100Hz 1mHz 10mHz 100mHz 1Hz 100ppm 10ppm
Analysis
Three independent analyzers operating in parallel.
Voltage measurement
Range (rms) 30mV 300mV 3V Resolution 1V 10V 100V Full scale peak input 45mV 500mV 5V Common mode rejected 5V 5V 5V 46V
Input protected to:
Amplitude,
<10MHz: <>10MHz Resolution: Error o/c: s/c Distortion:
Voltage
Current
Input configuration
Differential, BNC outers floating Differential, BNC outers grounded Single-ended, BNC outers floating Single-ended, BNC outers grounded Coupling: dc or ac (-3dB at 1Hz) Impedance, Hi to outer: 1M 2%, <35pF Outer to ground: 10k , 330pF Common mode rejection (at 1MHz): >50dB Cross-channel isolation (at 1MHz) >100dB Noise floor (at 1MHz) -100dBV Connection:
0 to 3V 0 to 60mA 0 to 1V 0 to 20mA 5mV 100A [5% + 1%/MHz + 5mV] [5% + 1%/MHz + 100A] <2% <2%
DC Bias,
Range: Resolution: Error o/c: s/c: 40.95V 10mV [1% + 10mV] 100mA 200A [1% + 200A]
Current measurement
Range (rms) 6A* 60A* 600A 6mA 60mA** Resolution 200pA 2nA 20nA 200nA 2A Full scale peak input 9A 90A 900A 10mA 100mA Input resistance 50 50 50 1 1
*For frequencies <1MHz only **For frequencies >10MHz maximum current 20mA rms Input protected to: 250mA floating, single BNC dc or ac (-3dB at 1Hz) 100k , <200pF 0.4V 10ms to 105s or auto 0 to 105
Sweep,
Types: frequency (logarithmic or linear) amplitude (linear) dc bias (linear) >10000 points frequency >200 points amplitude or bias up, down, step, hold 100mA 46V 0.4V 50 1% >200k 100k <10nF floating, single BNC contact closure or TTL logic 0
Connnection: Coupling: Impedance, Outer to ground: Outer floating to: Integration time: Measurement delay:
Resolution: Control: Maximum current: Maximum voltage, Hi to Lo: Lo to ground: Output impedance, voltage: current, at <1kHz: Lo to ground: Connection: Output disable: Output is short-circuit proof
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Menu Terms
Limits of Error
Ambient temperature 20 10C, integration time >200ms. Single ended inputs with 50 termination, outer grounded. Data valid for one year after calibration.
Impedance Measurement
Applies for stimulation level of 1V for impedances >50 or 20mA for impedances <50 , using 12601A.
Gain-Phase Measurements
Applies to all ranges at >10% full scale Specification for V2/V1, or V1/V2.
Display
Type: Functions, variable: measured: vacuum fluorescent, dot matrix frequency, amplitude, dc bias inputs V1, V2, I, V2/V1, V1/V2, V1/I, I/V1, V2/I, I/V2
Parameters:
magnitude, phase, gain, in-phase, quadrature impedance/admittance, group delay resistance, capacitance, inductance Q-factor, D 0.001 dB 0.01deg 5 digit + exponent
Resolution, gain r (dB): phase (): others:
Impedance Ranges
Capacitance: 1pF to 10mF resolution 5 digits Resistance: 10m to 100M resolution 5 digits Inductance: 100nH to 1000H resolution 5 digits
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Menu Terms
DATA PROCESSING
Scaling: normalization by measured spectrum scaling by measured point scaling by a complex constant integration, differentiation inclusion of result in a polynomial expansion deviation from measured point, absolute value or percentage +, -,*, /, j , powers, nested brackets V1, V2, I, complex constants
, , count, max., min., mean
2
INTERFACES
Serial output: baud rates: Parallel: complies with RS 232 and RS 423 110, 150, 300, 600 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 complies with IEEE488 (1978)
fully programmable talker/listener switch selectable talk only for plotting/printing Maximum data rate: 1000bytes/s
Math, operators: operands: Statistical analysis:
Functions implemented: SH1, AH1, T5, TE0, L4 LE0, SR1, RL1, PP2, DC1, C0, DT0 Data format: complies with IEEE754 for 4 byte wide transfers
PLOTTING
digital, complies with Hewlett Packard Graphics Language and Enertec Schlumberger Graphics Language Interface: IEEE488 in talk only mode Parameters, independent variable:frequency, amplitude, dc bias dependent variables: r;r(dB) ;r;r(dB) ; a jb;Z ;Y ;L/C R;R Q/D X axis item: independent or dependent variable Y axis item: one, or two, related dependent variables Axis limits: Plot size: Annotation: auto or user defined, logarithmic or linear A3 or A4, or variable in 0.025mm steps full grid or axis markers parameters description user entered text (up to 25 characters) Type:
GENERAL
Line voltage, switch selectable: Consumption: Environment, temperature, operating: storage: specification limits: humidity, non-condensing: vibration: Safety: 90 to 126V, 198 to 252V ac, 48 to 65Hz 230VA
DATA STORE
Type: battery backed random access memory Size, group delay mode: >280 results other modes: >400 results Stored information: frequency, V1, V2, I generator amplitude and dc bias error and input range codes Recall: any display combination, with processing if required Storage duration, power off: typically > 1 month
0 to 50C -40 to 70C 10 to 30C 95% at 40C
tested in accordance with BS EN 60068 complies with IEC 1010-1 (EN61010-1)
Electromagnetic Compatibility complies with EN50081-1 and EN50082-1 Dimensions, height: width: depth: rack size: 176mm (6.93ins) 432mm (17ins) 573mm (22.56ins) 4U, 19ins 18kg (40lbs)
PROGRAM STORAGE
Battery backed random access memory: 9 programs >300 instructions 9 keyboard set-ups 9 constants 9 programs >100 instructions 6 keyboard set-ups 9 constants
Weight:
Write protectable permanent memory:
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Installation
Section
2.1 2.2 Accessories Safety
2.2.1 2.2.2 General Safety Precautions Grounding
Page
2.3 2.3
2.3 2.4
2.3 2.4
Electromagnetic Compatibility Power Supply

2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Power Voltage Selector Line Fuse Power Cable Connection Procedure Telescopic Slide Mounting Kit (Accuride) Rack Dimensions Ventilation Fitting Telescopic Slide Mounting Kit (Accuride) Fitting Telescopic Slide Mounting Kit (Jonathan)
2.4 2.5
2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6
2.5
Rack Mounting
2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5
2.7
2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.14
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Installation
CAUTION SAFETY BONDING TESTS (EN61010, clause 6.5.1.2)
The analyzer input connectors and the generator output connector have driven screens (low terminal), which should not be subjected to a safety bonding test. Damage to the internal circuitry may be caused by the 25A test current, even when low terminal grounded is selected for single-ended operation.
2-2
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Installation
2.1
ACCESSORIES
The accessories supplied with the instrument are listed in Table 2.1.
Item Fuse, 1A, Slo-blo, 20mmX 5mm Fuse, 2A, Slo-blo, 20mmX5mm Fuse, 750mA, Slo-blo, 8mmX6mm Fuse, 2A, Slo-blo, 8mm X6mm Bracket (rack ear) Slide mounting bar Screw, M4x 12, countersunk Key 50 coaxial cable with BNC connectors, length 1 metre.
Use Line fuse for 230V power supply Line fuse for 115V power supply Generator (board 15) Generator (board 14) and front panel Rack mounting Rack mounting Rack mounting (slide bar fixing) Keyswitch on rear panel
Qty 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 2
Table 2.1 - Accessories An ac power cable, appropriate to the country of destination, is packed with the instrument. If ordered with the instrument, a telescopic rack slide mounting kit (Option 12505B) is also packed.
2.2
SAFETY
The instrument design accords with the EN61010, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. This operating manual contains information and warnings, which must be followed: a) to maintain the safe condition of the instrument, and b) to ensure the safety of the operator. The principal safety precautions are listed in Section 2.1. Safety precautions are also included, where appropriate, in the operating instructions.
2.2.1
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Before switching on: a) Ensure that the power voltage selector is correctly set. (See Section 3.1.) b) Ensure that the power cable is connected to the supply in accordance with the colour code. (See Section 3.3.) c) Ensure that the power cable plug is connected only to a power outlet that has a protective earth contact. This applies equally if an extension cable is used: the cable must contain an earth conductor. 2. To effect grounding at the instrument front panel, the power plug must be inserted before connections are made to measuring and control circuits. The
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Installation
power plug or external ground (as appropriate) must remain connected until all measuring and control circuits have been disconnected. 3. Any interruption of the ground connection (inside or outside the instrument) is prohibited. 4. When the instrument is connected to its supply the opening of covers or removal of parts could expose live conductors. The instrument should be disconnected from all voltage sources before it is opened for any adjustment, replacement, maintenance or repair. Adjustments, maintenance or repair of the instrument when it is powered should not be attempted by the user. Consult a Solartron service center if repairs are necessary. 5. Ensure that fuses of the correct rating and type are fitted. The use of makeshift fuses, and short-circuiting of fuse holders, is prohibited. 6. Whenever it is likely that the safety of the instrument has been impaired, it should be made inoperative and secured against any unintended operation. Safety could be impaired if the instrument: a) shows visible damage, b) fails to perform intended measurements, c) has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions, d) has been subjected to severe transport stress. This symbol on the instrument means, Refer to the operating manual for detailed instructions or safety precautions.
2.2.2
GROUNDING
For safety, a ground connection is essential whenever measurement and control circuits are connected, even when the instrument is switched off. The instrument is grounded by connecting it to a power outlet or other suitable earthing point. The ground connection should be capable of carrying 25A.
2.3
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
When used as described in this manual the instrument meets the requirements of the EMC Directive. (See Specification in Chapter 1.) It must not be operated with the inner metal screens removed and any replacement components must be of the correct type (see Maintenance Manual.) When conducting tests at high frequencies the equipment being tested and any unscreened test leads may radiate sufficiently to disturb nearby radio receivers. Since the test signal is sinusoidal, any interference is confined to a very narrow band and problems are unlikely to occur. If, however, interference does become a problem then it is the users responsibility to reduce emission by the use of suitable screening arrangements.
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Installation
2.4
2.4.1
POWER SUPPLY
POWER VOLTAGE SELECTOR
The instrument can be powered from either a 115V or a 230V ac supply. Before connecting the instrument to the supply, proceed as follows: 1. Set the selector switch on the rear panel to correspond with the voltage of the local ac supply, i.e. 115V for supply voltages between 90V and 126V, or 230V for supply voltages between 198V and 252V. 2. Insert a fuse of the correct value into the LINE fuse holder.
Figure 2.1 - Mains selector panel
2.4.2
LINE FUSE
Only LINE is fused in the instrument. The fuse values for the alternative power voltage settings are: a) 1A, Slo-blo, for the 230V setting, or b) 2A, Slo-blo, for the 115V setting. Replacement fuses must be 20mm X 5mm cartridge type.
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Installation
2.4.3
POWER CABLE
The power cable supplied has an IEC socket on one end (which mates with the power input plug on the instrument) and a power plug, compatible with power sockets in the country of destination, on the other end. This cable should be connected to the users ac power supply according to the following colour code: BROWN BLUE GREEN/YELLOW = = = LINE NEUTRAL GROUND
An IEC socket and cable other than the one supplied may be used, but it must be correctly wired as shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2 - IEC power socket connections
2.4.4
CONNECTION PROCEDURE
1. Before connecting the supply, ensure that the power voltage selector on the rear panel is correctly set (see Section 3.1), and that the LINE fuse is correctly rated (see Section 3.2). 2. Ensure that the POWER switch on the front panel is set to OFF. 3. Connect the power cable. 4. Set the instrument POWER switch to ON.
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Installation
2.5
RACK MOUNTING
The instrument can be rack mounted in two ways: a) on fixed rails, that support the instrument from the underside of the case, b) on telescopic slides. Method b) allows easy withdrawal of the instrument for servicing. With either method, the rack mounting ears included in the accessory kit are substituted for the instrument finisher trims. Screws inserted through the ears and into the rack keep the instrument in place. Caution The rack mounting ears must be used only to prevent the instrument sliding out of the rack. They are not designed to support the whole weight of the instrument. Warning When the instrument is rack mounted on telescopic slides, ensure that the rack will not tip over when the slides are fully extended.
2.5.1
TELESCOPIC SLIDE MOUNTING KIT (ACCURIDE)

This slide mounting kit is available from Solartron as an optional accessory, and contains: a) telescopic slide kit, plus fixings (1 off) b) screws, M4x6 panhead, to fix slide inner members to the mounting bars (12 off) c) washers, M4 crinkle (12 off) d) screws, M6 satin chrome, to fix front panel to rack (2 off) e) washers, M6 plain (2 off) f) caged nuts, M6, to fix front panel to rack (2 off) The kit is suitable only for 760mm (30 ins) deep IMHOF IMRAK Series 80 or dimensionally similar cabinets.
2.5.2
RACK DIMENSIONS
The internal rack dimensions required for fitting the instrument are: a) 610mm (24ins) deep x 485mm (19 ins) wide, for fixed rail mounting, and b) 760mm (30 ins) deep x 485mm (19 ins) wide, for telescopic slide mounting.
2.5.3
VENTILATION
The instrument has fan-assisted cooling. Air is drawn in through slots under the front panel and expelled from the rear panel. Ensure a free flow of air by allowing adequate clearance between the instrument, the rack in which it is mounted, and any adjacent racked instruments. If the rack is fitted with front doors, these must have vent holes.
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2.5.4
FITTING TELESCOPIC SLIDE MOUNTING KIT (ACCURIDE)

1. As shown in Figure 2.3, remove the following items from the instrument: a) Finisher Trim, Keep the four M4 X 16 panhead screws and M4 crinkle washers for securing the rack ears. b) Handle and Handle Trim, c) Side Trim, The side trim is located on the opposite side to the handle. It is normally secured by a pip on the finisher trim and slides out backwards. d) Feet and Tilt Bar. The tilt bar is secured by the two front feet.
Figure 2.3 - Removal of trims, handle, feet, and tilt bar
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2. As shown in Figure 2.4, fit the following items to the instrument: a) Rack Ears, Fit rack ears in place of the finisher trim, using the same fixings. The ears may be fitted in two ways: 1. As shown in Figure 2.4. 2. With their flanges facing the rear of the instrument. This causes the instrument to stand out further in the rack. Blind units (remote control only) can thus be aligned with locally controllable units. b) Slide Mounting Bar The slide mounting bar and fittings are included with the instrument accessories. Screw the mounting bar to the chassis in place of the handle, using the four M4x12 countersunk screws provided. The bar fits correctly only one way round; with the threaded holes nearest the front. The corresponding mounting bar on the left-hand side of the instrument is supplied already fitted behind the side trim; it is slightly narrower than the right-hand bar.
Figure 2.4 - Fitting rack ears and telescopic slide inner members
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Installation
c) Telescopic Slide Inner Members The telescopic slides are supplied with inner and outer members slotted together. Slide out the inner member as shown in Figure 2.5, depressing the locking catch at the halfway point.
Figure 2.5 - Separating the inner and outer slide members, prior to fixing
Screw the slide inner members to the mounting bars, using the 12 M4x6 panhead screws supplied, 6 each side. 3. Fit the following items to the telescopic slide outer members, as shown in Figures 2.6 and 2.7: a) Adjustable Rear Brackets Fit one rear bracket to each outer member, but do not fully tighten the screws until the instrument is fitted into the rack (Step 6).
Figure 2.6 - Fitting a rear bracket
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b) Fixed Front Brackets and Support Brackets.
Figure 2.7 - Fitting a front bracket and support bracket 4. Fit the M6 caged nuts for outer slide member and rack ear fixing into the rack, in the positions shown in Figure 2.8. The way to insert and remove caged nuts is shown in the figure detail.
Figure 2.8 - Caged nut insertion in Imrak Series 80 (and similar) cabinets.
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Installation
5. Fit the outer slide members to the rack, as shown in Figure 2.9. Note that the tapped holes in the nut plate are positioned off-centre to provide maximum lateral adjustment. Fit the plates, as shown, with the holes offset towards the rack exterior. Fitting one end of an outer member is made easier if the other end is supported. Hook the bracket at the other end over an M5 screw pushed into the top caged nut. Tighten the M5 screws securing the outside slide members until each member is held moderately firmly in the rack, approximately in the centre of its travel. The members must, however, be free to take up any adjustment when the instrument is first fitted into the rack.
Figure 2.9 - Fitting the outer slide members into the rack
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6. Finally, fit the instrument into the rack, as follows: a) Offer the instrument up to the rack and feed the inner telescopic slide members into the outer members, pushing the instrument into the rack until the locking catches engage and lock. b) Depress both catches and push the instrument fully into the rack, ensuring that no cables are trapped. c) Tighten the screws on the outer slide members in the following order: i) the M5 screws securing the rear bracket to the rack, ii) the M5 screws securing the front bracket to the rack, iii) the 8-32 UNC screws securing the rear bracket to the outer slide member.
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2.5.5
FITTING TELESCOPIC SLIDE MOUNTING KIT (JONATHAN)

1. As shown in Figure 2.10, remove the following items from the unit: a) Finisher Trim Retain the four M4 x 16 panhead screws and M4 crinkle washers for securing the rack ears. b) Handle and Handle Trim c) Side Trim Located on the opposite side to the handle, the side trim is normally secured by a pip on the finisher trim. The side trim slides out backwards. Check that the mounting bar already fitted behind the side trim has the part number 12502019B. d) Case Top and Case Bottom Retain the five screws and washers for securing the replacement case sections.
Figure 2.10 - Removal of trims, handle, and top and bottom cases
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2. Fit the self-adhesive feet (four off) to the inside of the replacement case bottom, in the same positions as those in the original case bottom. 3. As shown in Figure 2.11, fit the following items to the instrument: a) Rack Ears Fit the rack ears in place of the finisher trim, using the same fixings. The flanges must face the rear of the instrument. b) Slide Mounting Bar Screw the bar to the chassis, in the position previously occupied by the handle, using the four M4 x 12 countersunk screws provided. The bar fits correctly one way round only, with the threaded holes nearest the front of the instrument. c) Replacement Case Top and Case Bottom Use the original five screws and washers. 4. Fit the Jonathan Telescopic Slide (e.g. the Tru-Glide 110QD-2) and mounting brackets to the instrument, and fit the instrument into the rack. Jonathan slides are not supplied with the instrument. See the manufacturers slide specification sheets for details of fixings, brackets and mounting accessories.
Figure 2.11 - Fitting the rack ears, slide mounting bar, and replacement cases
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Getting Started
Section Page
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
Introduction Instrument Keyboard Power-up Status Display Using a Control Menu Making a Simple Measurement
3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5 3.6.6 Connecting the Item Under Test Setting the Analyzer Setting the Generator Commanding a Measurement Setting the Display Setting the Sweep 3.7.1.1 Effect of Sweep on Generator Loading Preparing the History File Commanding a Series of Measurements Reading the History File Making a Bode Plot of History File Data 3.8.1.1 Installing the GPIB Plotter 3.8.1.2 Commanding the Bode Plot Making a Nyquist Plot of History File Data 3.8.2.1 Setting the Display Coordinates 3.8.2.2 Setting the Plotter Axes 3.8.2.3 Commanding the Nyquist Plot
3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9

3.10 3.10 3.12 3.14 3.14
3.6.1 Preliminaries
3.7
Using the Sweep Facility

3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4
3.16
3.16 3.18 3.19 3.19 3.19
3.8
Using the Plot Facility

3.8.1
3 21
3.21 3.21 3.22 3.22 3.22 3,23 3.26
3.8.2
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3.1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces the local control features of the instrument and shows you how to use them. The features of the front panel keyboard are described generally in Sections 2 through 5. Then, three simple examples in Sections 6, 7, and 8 show: how to make a simple measurement, how to make a sweep, and how to plot measurement results. Whilst following the examples, you may find it useful to refer occasionally to Chapter 5, Menu Terms. Pointers to various sections in this chapter are given in Table 3 1, on page 3.5. Some of the more advanced uses of the instrument are demonstrated in: Chapter 10 Measurement scaling and limits checking. Chapter 11 Learnt programs.
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3.2
Instrument Keyboard
A logically arranged keyboard and a simple menu structure make the instrument very easy to use.
1260 IMPEDANCE/GAIN-PHASE ANALYZER

7
NEXT
NUMERIC KEY PAD
SELF TEST
POWER RESTORED [TIME 00:00:05]
8 5 2 .
9 6 3
CLEAR
4
PREV
EXP
1
SOFT KEYS
+/ENTER
GENERATOR
ANALYZER
SWEEP
DISPLAY
PLOTTER
DATA OUTPUT
SCALE / LIMITS
STATUS
LOCAL
LEARN PROG
PAUSE/ CONT
RECYCLE
SINGLE
SWEEP HOLD
*
PLOT PLOTTER AXES VIEW FILE VERNIER STORE / RECALL BREAK EXECUTE PROGRAM
*
HARD KEYS
Hard keys guide the user straight to the operation of interest and are used a) to command an instant action, e.g. SINGLE (make a single measurement) or b) to select a menu of control functions, from which actions may be commanded or control parameters set. Instant action keys are indicated with an asterisk A brief summary of each hard key function is given in Table 3.1, with a reference to the relevant section in Chapter 5 Menu Terms.
Soft keys, whose functions are assigned in accordance with a hard key selected menu, allow individual control parameters to be examined and set. Numeric parameters are entered from the numeric keypad, whilst listed-choice parameters are selected with the NEXT or PREV key. CLEAR deletes mis-keyed numeric entries, one character at a time, and allows the correct value to be keyed in. ENTER activates the selected parameter setting.
Table 3.1 - Hard key assignments

GENERATOR (Chap. 5, Sect. 1) Selects the Generator menu. This menu defines the drive signal applied to the item under test: constant voltage/current; frequency, amplitude, and bias; amplitude held constant at generator output or at a selected analyzer input (MONITOR). Selects the Analysis menu. This menu defines the input parameters of the analyzer, e.g. measurement integration time, delay and mode; input range and coupling. Commands repetitive measurements. Commands a single measurement. Selects the Sweep menu. This menu defines a range of settings through which a selected generator output parameter may be stepped, a new setting being used for each measurement. Suspends a sweep. The stepped parameter is held at its present setting, whilst measurements continue. To continue the sweep, press SWEEP HOLD again. Selects the Display menu. This menu defines the measurement results to be displayed. (These results are also sent to the output port(s) enabled from the DATA OUTPUT menu). Plotter menu. This menu selects: a) the graphics language; b) plot size; c) type of trace, point or vector; d) plot title definition; e) text, grid, axes, on/off. Commands data to be output from the history file to the GPIB plotter. Selects the Plotter Axes menu. This menu assigns the displayed data ordinates to the plotter X and Y axes. Selects the Data Output menu. This menu defines: a) the measurement data output port(s); b) the data to be output, all, fail or pass (ASCII) data, or dump (binary) data; c) port configuration parameters SCALE/LIMITS (Chap. 5, Sect. 9) Selects the Scale/limits menu. This menu contains: a) a measurement normalization facility; b) a null function, which compensates for stray inductance and capacitance in the input leads; c) mathematical functions and component sort; d) a measurement limits check. Opens the View File menu. This gives access to the History File.
ANALYZER (Chap. 5 Sect. 2) RECYCLE SINGLE SWEEP (Chap. 5, Sect.3) SWEEP HOLD
VIEW FILE (Chap. 5, Sect. 10) VERNIER (Chap. 5, Sect. 11)
Opens the Vernier menu. The vernier facility allows the generator output (or plotter scaling) to be adjusted, whether measurements are being made or not. Selects the Status pages. These pages display control information not available under other hard keys. Selects the Store/recall menu. This provides for storage and subsequent recall of control settings and measurement results. Returns the instrument to local control (when it is not in local lockout mode). Switches the generator output off, and suspends any present activities (program, sweep, plot etc.) Opens the Learn Program menu. A learnt program is a series of commands and control set-ups that is memorized by the instrument and executed, in order of entry, when an EXECUTE PROGRAM command is given. Pause/continue facility for learnt programs, and control of null compensation. Starts the execution of a selected learnt program Selects the Self Test menu. This offers: a) a self-test facility; b) initialization and reset facilities; c) time set facility; d) error beep on/off
STATUS (Chap. 5, Sect. 12) STORE/RECALL (Chap. 5, Sect. 13) LOCAL
DISPLAY (Chap. 5, Sect. 4) PLOTTER (Chap. 5 Sect. 5)
BREAK
LEARN PROGRAM (Chap. 5, Sect. 14)
PLOT (Chap. 5, Sect. 6) PLOTTER AXES (Chap. 5, Sect. 7) DATA OUTPUT (Chap.5, Sect. 8)
PAUSE/CONT
EXEC. PROGRAM SELF TEST (Chap. 5, Sect. 15)
Getting Started
3.3
POWER-UP STATUS
POWER
OFF ON
On power-up the instrument is tested automatically and the resulting control status is indicated in a power-up message. This message is important and should be understood before using the instrument. The various messages which may be displayed are: POWER RESTORED The normal power-up message. This shows that the instrument has correctly remembered the control and measurement data that were in its memory when power was interrupted. The generator output is switched off. RESET This message may be displayed if a board has been removed from the instrument. All control settings are set to the default state. Stored parameters, learn programs, and history file data are available for recall. INITIALIZED This message may be displayed if power has been down for a considerable time. All control settings are reset to the default state, and stored parameters, learn programs, and history file data are erased. A further message may appear with any of the above messages if the instrument needs recalibration: 75. CAL DATA CORRUPT is displayed if one copy of the calibration data has been corrupted. The instrument is usable, but should be recalibrated as soon as possible. 76. RECALIBRATE is displayed if both copies of calibration data have been corrupted. The instrument should be recalibrated before further use.
3.4
DISPLAY
Control information or measurement results are displayed, in accordance with the operating state of the instrument. Examples of the display format are shown in Section 5 of this chapter and in Chapter 5 Menu Terms. If a bad command is given an error message is displayed also. The meaning of each error message is explained in Chapter 9.
3-6
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3.5
USING A CONTROL MENU

A few simple steps are all that is necessary to use each control menu. You are guided through these by a clear display of the choices available, shown in brackets. The steps are: 1. Choose the menu by pressing the relevant hard key. A choice of menu page is indicated by square brackets. Step through the pages by pressing NEXT or PREV e.g.
ANALYZER
[ANALYSIS] TIME DELAY AUTO MODE
First page
NEXT
[INPUT V1] RANGE COUPLING INPUT OUTER
NEXT page
2. Access the parameter of interest by pressing the relevant soft key. 3. If necessary, choose another setting. A setting is either selected from a list of fixed choices or keyed in as a number from the numeric keypad. Listed-choice parameter settings are enclosed in square brackets and are selected with NEXT or PREV e.g. RANGE
RANGE [ auto ] RANGE COUPLING INPUT OUTER
Initial setting
NEXT
RANGE [ 30mV ] RANGE COUPLING INPUT OUTER NEXT setting
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Getting Started
numeric parameter entries are invited with round brackets, e.g.

GENERATOR
[GENERATOR] TYPE FREQ V.AMPL V.BIAS
FREQ
FREQ + 100.00000 Hz (+_ TYPE FREQ V.AMPL V.BIAS
) [ Hz]
Also displayed is the present parameter value. Numeric values are keyed in from the numeric keypad and appear between the brackets as each number key is pressed. Pressing the CLEAR key deletes the characters in round brackets, one character at a time. Note that multiples and sub-multiples of the parameter units may often be selected as well, with NEXT or PREV. In the example above this allows frequencies to be entered in Hz, mHz, Hz, kHz, or MHz. 4. Enter the displayed parameter setting by pressing the ENTER key. This returns the display to the basic menu to allow other parameters to be accessed. A selected setting must be entered for it to be acted on by the instrument; otherwise the setting last entered (or the default setting) is used.
POINTS TO REMEMBER: Square brackets enclose one item in a list of choices. Select other settings with the NEXT key (down the list) or PREV (up the list). Square brackets may enclose menu page titles, control settings, or units of control settings. Press the ENTER key to update the selection. Round brackets invite the entry of a number from the numeric keypad. Press the ENTER key to update the number.
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3.6
MAKING A SIMPLE MEASUREMENT

In this example the impedance of a simple C,R network is measured at a single defined frequency and the results of analysis are displayed.
3.6.1
PRELIMINARIES
1. Ensure that the instrument is correctly installed, as described in Chapter 2. 2. Switch on the power, at source and on the instrument front panel. Check that the POWER RESTORED message is displayed. If it is, proceed with the example if it isnt, refer to Section 2 in this Chapter. 3. Reset or initialize the instrument. This sets the. control-parameters to a known state, from which setting up may begin. Before initializing, ensure that you will not be deleting any useful data, or control set-ups. To retain stored data and control set-ups in memory, reset the instrument instead. The procedure is:
SELF TEST
Select the SELF TEST menu....
SELF TEST TEST INIT RESET TIME ERROR ...and either: INIT Press the INIT key. This sets all control parameters to the default state, clears the history file, the result/control stores and learn program memory, and displays INITIALIZED. ...or: RESET Press the RESET key. This sets all control parameters to the default state, but preserves data and control set-ups in memory. RESET is displayed.
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Getting Started
3.6.2
CONNECTING THE ITEM UNDER TEST

Items under test may be connected to the instrument either directly through the front panel terminals or through one of the test modules that fit over the terminals. The easiest way of connecting the C,R network presently under test is through the component test module, as shown in Fig 3.1. Measurement connections, generally, are described in Chapter 6.
Fig 3.1 - Connections for a simple impedance measurement To complete the measurement connections the analyzer inputs must be configured to suit the test module. This is done from the ANALYZER menu.
3.6.3
SETTING THE ANALYZER

The analyzer parameters should be set in accordance with the test set-up and the expected test response. In the present example all the analyzer parameters are left at their default settings (shown in Table 3.2), with the exception of OUTER for the VOLTAGE 1 input. This parameter is altered to floating ground, as follows:
ANALYZER
Press the ANALYSER hard key....
[ANALYSIS] TIME DELAY AUTO MODE
... to select the ANALYSIS menu.
NEXT
Then press the NEXT key....
... to select the INPUT V1 menu.
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OUTER
Press the OUTER soft key....
OUTER [grounded] RANGE COUPLING INPUT OUTER
... to display the present OUTER setting (The default setting is [grounded].)
NEXT
Select the NEXT setting....
OUTER [floating] ... i.e. OUTER [floating].... RANGE COUPLING INPUT OUTER
ENTER
... and enter it.
The menu title is displayed to show that entry is complete.
Table 3.2 - Analyzer Default Settings

Parameter [ANALYSIS] TIME DELAY AUTO MODE Setting Characteristics
200ms zero secs off. normal
Suitable for low noise input. Suitable for the item under test. UT has constant low noise input: auto integration not required. Suitable for all display coordinates, except r,t and r (dB), t. There is no need for the auto impedance facility, as the form of the circuit is known.
auto dc differential grounded
Covers all input voltage ranges. IUT gives no dc component at voltage 1 input, therefore dc coupling is used for minimum phase shift. Differential input (Hi - Lo). Screens grounded. (Altered to screens floating in this example.) Same settings as [INPUT V1].
[INPUT V2] [INPUT II RANGE COUPLING
auto dc
Covers all input current ranges. IUT gives no dc component at CURRENT input, therefore dc coupling is used for minimum phase shift.
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Getting Started
3.6.4
SETTING THE GENERATOR

Set the generator parameters to provide a suitable drive for the item under test (IUT). Remember that the drive specified must satisfy: the generator output capability, the rating of the JUT, and the analyzer input range. In the present example the IUT is driven at a frequency of 15.9kHz. At this frequency the impedance of the circuit is approximately 707, and a drive amplitude of 1V (applied both to the item under test and to the analyzer VOLTAGE 1 input) develops a drive current of approximately 1.4mA. The drive and expected test response are thus well within the capabilities of the generator and analyzer. The generator set-up sequence is:
GENERATOR
Press the GENERATOR hard key...
...to select the [GENERATOR] menu. The titles of the parameters that can be set up appear over the soft keys.
FREQ
Press the FREQ soft key...
) [ Hz]
...to display the present setting of the drive signal frequency. The round brackets invite the entry of a new frequency value.
NEXT
Select the next frequency units setting...
) [kHz]
... which is kHz...
9
) [kHz]
... then key in the frequency value...
FREQ + 100.00000 Hz (+ 15.9_ TYPE FREQ V.AMPL V.BIAS
(the digits appear in the round brackets)
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ENTER
... and ENTER it. The menu title is displayed again, showing that entry is complete. An attempt to enter an unsuitable value results in an error message, and the original setting is retained. (error messages appear here.)
V.AMPL Now press the V.AMPL soft key...
V.AMPL + 0.0000V (+_ TYPE FREQ V.AMPL V.BIAS
) [ V]
... to display the present amplitude of the voltage drive signal. The round brackets invite the entry of a new amplitude value.
key in an amplitude value...
V.AMPL + 0.0000V (+1_ TYPE FREQ V.AMPL V.BIAS
) [ V]
... of 1 (V) ...
...and enter it.

ENTER
The menu title is displayed again, to show that entry is complete.
The generator parameters are now set, but the generator output is not applied to the IUT until a measurement is commanded. See next page.
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Getting Started
3.6.5
COMMANDING A MEASUREMENT
Once the generator and analyzer have been set up it is possible to command a measurement and get some sensible results.
SINGLE
p indicates a parallel network 10.112nF p 1.0031k
Press the SINGLE key ...
12.500000 kHz [TIME 00:06:27]
... to command a single measurement
On completion of the single measurement the instrument displays the component values of the parallel C,R circuit presently under test. This is the default display. Other measurement sources and coordinates may be selected from the DISPLAY menu. Note that the generator output is switched on, and stays on, when a measurement is first commanded. BREAK switches the generator output off.
3.6.6
SETTING THE DISPLAY

Once a measurement has been made the basic data are stored in memory. From these basic data the instrument is able to compute various results in various formats: you simply select the appropriate result from the DISPLAY menu. This allows the same measurement data to be viewed in many different ways. The next example, in Section 7, shows you how to use the sweep facility. A series of measurements is made, each one at a different frequency, in preparation for making an impedance plot. As an exercise, use the DISPLAY menu to select the polar coordinates Z,. (You may, if you wish, do this after the swept measurements are made, but selecting coordinates Z, now allows you to see the changing impedance results as they occur.) The procedure is:
DISPLAY
Press the DISPLAY hard key ...
DISPLAY VARIABLE RESULT PHASE CIRCUIT
... to select the display menu.
RESULT
Then press the RESULT soft key...
SOURCE [Z1 = V1 / I] PRESS ENTER FOR COORDS VARIABLE RESULT PHASE CIRCUIT
... to display the present data source. Z1= V1/I is the source required, so...
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ENTER
... enter it, to display the present coordinate setting...
COORDS [L(or C),R] VARIABLE RESULT PHASE CIRCUIT
... which is for the component values L(or C),R.
PREV
Now select the previous setting...
COORDS [
Z,
] PHASE CIRCUIT
VARIABLE RESULT
... which is for the polar coordinates of impedance Z,
ENTER
Enter this setting...
...and the menu title is displayed, to show that entry is complete.
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Getting Started
3.7
USING THE SWEEP FACILITY

SWEEP allows any one of the generator output parameters, frequency, amplitude, or bias, to be stepped through a range of settings, a new setting being used for each measurement. The basic data of the series of measurements thus made are held in the history file and may be reviewed with the VIEW FILE facility. A graph can be plotted from the stored data with the PLOT facility (example in Section 8). In the following example a series of measurements is made of the C,R circuit shown in Fig 3.1, using a frequency sweep. (The settings of the GENERATOR, ANALYZER and DISPLAY menus are the same.) The frequency is swept between the limits 100Hz (F.MIN) and 900kHz (F.MAX). Fifty measurements are made, at logarithmic intervals, going from the minimum to the maximum frequency.
3.7.1
SETTING THE SWEEP

The sweep set-up sequence is:
SWEEP
Press the SWEEP hard key ...
[ SWEEP ] ENABLE UP/DOWN LOG LIN
... to select the [SWEEP] menu.
ENABLE
Then press the ENABLE soft key...
ENABLE [ off
] LOG LIN
ENABLE UP/DOWN
... to display the present enable setting. Thissetting selects the generator output parameter to be swept and, for frequency sweeps, log or linear steps. Amplitude and bias have linear steps only. Select the second setting on...
NEXT
NEXT
ENABLE [ log freq] ENABLE UP/DOWN LOG LIN
... which is for log spaced frequency steps...
ENTER
... and enter it.
The menu title is displayed again to show that entry is complete.
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LOG
Then press the ENABLE soft key...
LOG
200.00 pts/swp (+_ LOG LIN
) pts/swp
ENABLE UP/DOWN
... to display the present enable setting. Thissetting selects the generator output parameter to be swept and, for frequency sweeps, log or linear steps. Amplitude and bias have linear steps only. Select the second setting on...
LOG
200.00 pts/swp (+50_ LOG LIN
) pts/swp
ENABLE UP/DOWN
... which is for log spaced frequency steps...
ENTER
... and enter it.
NEXT
Select the next menu page...
[ SWEEP LIMITS ] ... which is [SWEEP LIMITS]. FREQ V.AMPL V.BIAS I.AMPL I.BIAS
FREQ ... and press the FREQ key
F.MIN 100.00000 Hz (+_ FREQ V.AMPL V.BIAS
) [Hz] I.AMPL I.BIAS
... to display the present value of F.MIN, the minimum frequency. The default value of 100Hz is the frequency you want, so.... ... press ENTER, to...
ENTER
F.MAX 1.0000000 MHz (+_ ENABLE UP/DOWN

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) [Hz] LIN
LOG
... display the present setting of F.MAX, the maximum frequency. Round brackets invite the entry of a new frequency, so... 3-17
Getting Started
NEXT
... select the next frequency units...
F.MAX 1.0000000 MHz (+_ FREQ V.AMPL V.BIAS
) [kHz] ... i.e. kHz... I.AMPL I.BIAS
...key in a maximum frequency value of ...
F.MAX 1.0000000 MHz (+900_ ENABLE UP/DOWN LOG LIN
) [kHz]
... 900 (kHz)....
ENTER
... and enter it.
[ SWEEP LIMITS ] ENABLE UP/DOWN LOG LIN
SWEEP LIMITS is displayed to show that entry is complete. The sweep is now set, and a series of measurements can be made.
3.7.1.1 Effect of Sweep on Generator Loading

Before actually commanding a sweep it is wise to consider how the variation in drive frequency will affect the generator loading. In the present example a constant drive amplitude of 1V is used. The impedance of the item under test decreases with frequency, therefore we should look at the loading at 900kHz. At this frequency the reactance of the capacitor (= 1/C) 17.70. The effect of the 1k parallel resistance is negligible, so the impedance of the item under test 17.7. The current drain on the generator output will thus be around 56.5mA, which the generator can supply (max. ac- current output = 60mA). To keep the test current within reasonable bounds at the higher test frequencies a lower drive voltage should be selected: two or more consecutive sweeps, each covering part of the test band and using a suitable drive voltage, can be set up with a learnt program (See Chapter 11). You can, of course, select a constant current drive, by entering [current] under the GENERATOR TYPE. Then, with the present item under test, you should consider the current at the low frequency end of the sweep: the impedance of the item at 100Hz approaches 1k, therefore the highest test current which can be obtained, at this frequency, is 3mA. (The maximum drive voltage is 3V.)
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3.7.2
PREPARING THE HISTORY FILE

The flow of data to the history file is controlled from the DATA OUTPUT menu. For the present example the default settings are used. As a result: the file is cleared automatically at the beginning of sweep.... (CLEAR set to [auto] on [FILE CONFIGURE] page) and, as the sweep progresses, the basic data of all measurements are filed.... (FILE set to [all] on [DATA OUTPUT] page) in normal format. (FORMAT set to [normal] on [FILE CONFIGURE] page)
3.7.3
Commanding a Series of Measurements

To complete a sweep, a measure command must be given for each point defined in the SWEEP menu. SINGLE commands advance the sweep one measurement at a time, and allow measurement results to be assessed as they occur. RECYCLE advances the sweep automatically. The measurement results can be assessed on sweep completion by reading them from the history file, with the VIEW FILE facility. This is the procedure used in the present example:
RECYCLE
Press RECYCLE
First, the history file is cleared. [TIME 00:07:36] 40. FILE CLEARED (In DATA OUTPUT, FILE CONFIGURE menu, CLEAR set to [auto] - the default state.) First, the history file is cleared. (In DATA OUTPUT, FILE CONFIGURE menu, CLEAR set to [auto] - the default state.) ... and the sweep continues automatically.. 900.00000kHz [TIME 00:07:36] nnn.nn nnn.nn dg 20.SWEEP COMPLETE ... until the last measurement at the maximum frequency (900 kHz)
100.00000Hz
nnn.nn
nnn.nn dg SWEEPING
[TIME 00:07:36]
The measurement results may now be read from the history file.
3.7.4
READING THE HISTORY FILE

The history file contains the basic data of all measurements made in the sweep. For each measurement the data are stored in a specific file location, known as a line. The first measurement data are stored on line #1, the second on line #2, and so on. File locations may be accessed in any order from VIEW FILE. The form of the measurement results obtained from the basic data is selected from the DISPLAY menu. The results may be displayed in any order. They can, for example, be displayed in measurement order:
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Getting Started VIEW FILE
Press VIEW FILE...
VIEW FILE ... to access the file control keys. DISPLAY LIST CLEAR
DISPLAY Then press DISPLAY...
100.00000 Hz BOF
nnn.nn NEXT
nnn.nn dg PREV
1 LINE
... to display a result from line #1... ... and the file display functions.
EOF
NEXT
NEXT
Using NEXT, step to each location in turn, until...
900.00000 kHz BOF
nnn.nn NEXT
nnn.nn dg PREV LINE
50
EOF
... the line at the end of the file (EOF) is reached (e.g. #50).
The functions of the other DISPLAY keys are: PREV BOF EOF LINE LINE Steps through the file in reverse order. Displays line #1 Displays the highest numbered line containing data. Displays the results on a specified line number.
Press LINE and key in the line number.
LINE ( 26) BOF EOF NEXT PREV LINE
ENTER
Enter the line number...
10.410310 kHz BOF EOF
nnn.nn NEXT
nnn.nn dg PREV LINE
26
... and the result is displayed.
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3.8
USING THE PLOT FACILITY

With the present example a Z, plot may be made of the sweep results (stored in the history file) simply by pressing the PLOT key. This assumes, of course, that a digital plotter, suitably set up, is connected to the instruments GPIB interface. Other types of plot, e.g. R,X may be made from the same basic data. The procedures for making a Z, plot and an R,X plot are given below. The appearance of a plot may be changed from the PLOTTER menu. For example, the results can be plotted as points rather than joined by straight lines, a grid can be printed over the plot to assist in interpreting the results, and the plot can be given a title. (See Chapter 5, Section 5.) Measurement results may also be plotted as they occur. For this, however, the plotting field must be set manually, from the PLOTTER AXES menu. (See Chapter 5, Section 7.)
3.8.1
MAKING A Z, PLOT OF THE HISTORY FILE DATA

This example uses the data acquired in the previous example. A digital plotter, using HPGL (Hewlett Packard Graphics Language), is connected to the GPIB interface. (For plotters using ESGL (Enertec Schlumberger Graphics Language) the DEVICE setting in the PLOTTER menu must be set to [ESGL].)
3.8.1.1 Installing the GPIB Plotter

At the GPIB interface on the rear panel, set the talk only switch to ON, press BREAK, and plug a digital plotter into the GPIB connector. (See Fig 3.2.) Ensure that the plotter is set to listen only, as described in its operating manual. Switch the plotter on and load a clean sheet of paper onto the platten.
Fig 3.2 - Setting the instrument to talk only.
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Getting Started
3.8.1.2 Commanding the Z, plot

Press the PLOT key and the pen should move from the parking position to the top right corner of the plotting area; this shows that something is happening. Then, after a short thinking delay, the plot will begin. nn.nnnnnn kHz
PLOT
nnn.nn PAR 1
nnn.nn dg PAR 2 Note the significance of the terms variable, par(ameter)1 and par(ameter)2, in relation to the displayed results. These terms are used in the example in Section 8.2.2.
variable
3.8.2
MAKING AN R,X PLOT OF THE HISTORY FILE DATA

To make an R,X plot, the R (resistance) and X (reactance) coordinates must first be selected as the displayed result. The two coordinates must also be assigned to the plotter X- and Y-axes.
3.8.2.1 Setting the Display Coordinates

Use the DISPLAY menu to select the R,X coordinates:
DISPLAY
... to select the display menu. The titles of the parameters that can be set up appear over the soft keys.
RESULT Then press the RESULT soft key...
SOURCE [Z1 = V1 / I] PRESS ENTER FOR COORDS VARIABLE RESULT 3-22 PHASE CIRCUIT
... to display the present data source. Z1= V1/I is the source required, so...
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ENTER
... enter it, to display the present coordinate setting....
COORDS [
Z,
] PHASE CIRCUIT
VARIABLE RESULT
...which is for the polar coordinates of impedance, Z, .
PREV
Now select the previous setting...
COORDS [
R,X
] PHASE CIRCUIT
VARIABLE RESULT
... which is for the Cartesian coordinates of impedance, R,X...
ENTER
... and enter it.
3.8.2.2 Setting the Plotter Axes

Use the PLOTTER AXES menu to assign the R (resistance) coordinate to the X-axis and the X (reactance) coordinate to the Y-axis.
PLOTTER AXES
Press the PLOTTER AXES hard key ...
[PLOTTER X-AXIS] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
... to select the PLOTTER X-AXIS menu. The titles of the parameters that can be set up appear over the soft keys.
ITEM
Press the ITEM soft key...
ITEM [variable] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
... to display the present item assigned to the X-axis.
NEXT
Select the next item...
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Getting Started
ITEM [ ITEM
par 1 ] LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
... which is [ par 1 ], the real coordinates...
ENTER
... and enter it.
[PLOTTER X-AXIS] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
NEXT
[PLOTTER Y-AXIS MAIN] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
...which is for the Y-axis...
ITEM
... and press the ITEM soft key...
ITEM [ par 1 ] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
... to display the present item assigned to the Y-axis.
NEXT
... which is [ par 2 ], the imaginary coordinate...
ENTER
... and enter it.
[PLOTTER X-AXIS MAIN] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
NEXT
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[PLOTTER Y-AXIS OVERLAY] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
...which is for the Y-axis overlay...
ITEM
Press the ITEM soft key...
... to display the present item assigned to the Y-axis overlay.
NEXT
ITEM [ off ] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
... which is [ off ]...
ENTER
... and enter it.
[PLOTTER X-AXIS OVERLAY] ITEM LIMITS LIN/LOG PEN
Now command the R, X plot, as shown overleaf.
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Getting Started
3.8.2.3 Commanding the R,X Plot

To start the R,X plot press the PLOT key:
PLOT
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Menu Summary
Section
4.1 Menu Summary
Generator Analyzer Sweep Display Plotter Plotter Axes Data Output Scale/Limits View File Vernier Status Store/recall Learn Program Self Test
Page
4.2
4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 48 4.9 4.9 4.9
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Menu Summary
4.1
MENU SUMMARY
This summary is intended as a memory aid for experienced users. Numeric parameters are indicated by round brackets. The generator output frequency, for example, appears thus: FREQ (+ ) Where applicable, the range and default values of a numeric parameter are shown against it. For example, the range and default values of the generator output frequency are shown thus: 10Hz to 32MHz; default=100Hz. The absence of a default value generally indicates that a parameter defaults to zero. With listed choice parameters the full list of settings is shown, with the default setting enclosed in square brackets. For example, the choice of frequency units available for the generator output is shown thus: [Hz] kHz MHz Hz mHz
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MENU GENERATOR
PARAMETER SETTINGS TYPE FREQ V. AMPL V. BIAS [voltage] current (+ ) [Hz] kHz MHz pHz mHz (+ ) [V] mV (+ ) [V] mV [voltage] current (+ ) [Hz] kHz MHz pHz mHz (+ ) [mA] A (+ ) [mA] A 10Hz to 32 MHz default = 100Hz 10Hz to 32 MHz default = 100Hz 0V to 3V (f < 10MHz) 0V to 1V (f > 10MHz) -40.95V to +40.95V
[GENERATOR TYPE Cont.] FREQ I. AMPL I. BIAS [MONITOR] ENABLE V. LIMIT
0mA to 60mA ( < 10MHz) 0V to 1V ( > 10MHz) -100mA to +100mA
[monitor off] monitor V1, target = V. AMPL monitor I, target = I. AMPL (+ ) [V] mV 0V to 3V ( < 10MHz) 0V to 1V ( > 10MHz) default = 3V 0mA to 60mA ( < 10MHz) 0mA to 20mA ( > 10MHz) 1% to 50% default = 5% 0.01 secs to 105 secs default = 3V 0 secs to 105 secs
I. LIMIT ERROR % ANALYZER [ANALYSIS]

TIME
(+ ) [mA] A (+ ) (+ ) secs (+ ) secs [off]
DELAY AUTO
long on V1 short on V1 long on V2 short on V2 short on I long on I group delay* auto impedance
MODE
[normal]
*-FREQ % (+ ) 0% to 50% *+FREQ % (+ ) 0% to 50% [INPUT] RANGE COUPLING INPUT OUTER [auto] 30mV 300mV 3V [dc] [diff.] ac single
[grounded] floating
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MENU ANALYZER Cont [INPUT V2]
PARAMETER SETTINGS RANGE COUPLING INPUT OUTER [auto] 30mV 300mV 3V [dc] ac [single] diff. [grounded] floating [auto] 6A 60A 600A 6mA 60mA [dc] [off] [up] ac lin freq log freq amplitude bias down 2 to 50 x 103 points; default unit/st* 200 points
[INPUT] SWEEP [SWEEP]
RANGE COUPLING ENABLE V. LIMIT LOG LIN
(+ )pts/swp (+ )[pts/swp]
*1 x 10-5 to 20 x 106 units/step
[SWEEP LIMITS]
FREQ
F. MIN (+ ) [Hz] kHz MHz Hz mHz 10Hz to 32MHz default 100Hz F. MAX (+ ) [Hz] kHz MHz Hz mHz 10Hz to 32MHz default 1MHz
V. AMPL
V. MIN (+ ) [V] mV V. MAX (+ ) [V] mV
0V to 3V ( < 10MHz) 0V to 1V ( > 10MHz) 0V to 3V ( < 10MHz) 0V to 1V ( > 10MHz) -40.95V to +40.95V -40.95V to +40.95V 0mA to 60mA ( < 10MHz) 0mA to 20mA ( > 10MHz) 0mA to 60mA ( < 10MHz) 0mA to 20mA ( > 10MHz) -100mA to +100mA -100mA to +100mA
V. BIAS
BIAS MIN BIAS MAX
(+ ) [V] mV (+ ) [V] mV
I. AMPL
I. MIN
(+ ) [mA] A
I. MAX (+ ) [ mA] A I. BIAS I. MIN (+ ) [mA] A
I. MAX (+ ) [mA] A
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MENU DISPLAY
PARAMETER SETTINGS VARIABLE RESULT [freq] ampl bias SOURCE [Z1 = V1/I] Enter for COORDS: [L(or C),R] L(or C),Q L(or C),D R,X Z, Y1 = I/V1 Enter for COORDS: [L(or C),R] L(or C),Q L(or C),D G,B Y, Z2 = V2/I Enter for COORDS: [L(or C),R] L(or C),Q L(or C),D R,X Z, Y2 = I/V2 Enter for COORDS: [L(or C),R] L(or C),Q L(or C),D G,B Z, FUNCTION ( ) Enter for COORDS: [R,] r(dB), r,t r(dB),t [L(or C),R] L(or C),Q L(or C),D a,b V1 V2 V1/V2 V2/V1 Enter for COORDS: [r(dB),] r,t r(dB),t a,b r, I PHASE CIRCUIT Enter for COORDS: [r,] a,b
[normal] unwrapped [parallel C,R] auto series L,R series C,R parallel L,R [vector] point [on] off [off] on [on] off [GPIB-HPGL] GPIB-ESGL [A4] A3 scaled (+ ) (+ ) (+ ) (+ ) 0 to 32000 units: default = 1404 units 0 to 32000 units: default = 1368 units 0 to 32000 units: default = 8920 units 0 to 32000 units: default = 6984 units
PLOTTER
MODE TEXT GRID AXES DEVICE
[PLOTTER SCALING]
SIZE X-MIN Y-MIN X-MAX Y-MAX
[PLOTTER TITLE]
OLD NEW
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Menu Summary
MENU PLOTTER AXES [PLOTTER X-AXIS]
PARAMETER SETTINGS ITEM LIMITS [variable] par 1 par 2 [auto] manual *MINIMUM (+ ) *MAXIMUM (+ ) [auto] linear log ( ) [par 1] par 2 variable [auto] manual *MINIMUM (+ ) *MAXIMUM (+ ) [auto] linear log ( ) pen number: 1 to 9; default = pen 1 -999 x 1015 to +999 x 1015 -999 x 1015 to +999 x 1015 pen number: 1 to 9; default = pen 3 -999 x 1015 to +999 x 1015 -999 x 1015 to +999 x 1015
LIN/LOG PEN [PLOTTER Y-AXIS MAIN] ITEM LIMITS
LIN/LOG PEN [PLOTTER Y-AXIS OVERLAY] ITEM LIMITS
[par 2] off variable par 1 [auto] manual same as main *MINIMUM (+ ) *MAXIMUM (+ ) [auto] linear log ( ) pen number: 1 to 9; default = pen 2 -999 x 1015 to +999 x 1015 -999 x 1015 to +999 x 1015
LIN/LOG PEN DATA OUTPUT [DATA RS-423 OUTPUT] GPIB FILE HEADING [GPIB CONFIGURE] [RS 423 CONFIGURE] TERM. SEP. MODE ECHO TERM. SEP. XOFF/XON
[off] all fail pass dump dump all [off] all fail pass dump dump all plotter [all] fail pass off [on] off [cr If + EOI] cr cr + EOI cr If [comma] terminator [printer] terminator [on] off [cr If] cr If + null cr cr + null [comma] terminator [enable] disable
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MENU DATA O/P Cont. [FILE CONFIGURE]
PARAMETER SETTINGS FORMAT CLEAR STATS [normal] group delay [auto] manual [par 1] par 2 [off] on evaluate [off] on evaluate CONSTANT NUMBER ( ) LEARN FUNCTION ( ) CLEAR FUNCTION ( ) [off] * %* *STORE=( ) store number 1 to 9; default = store 1 constant number 1 to 9 function number 1 to 18 function number 1 to 18
SCALE/LIMITS [SCALING] NORM. NULL CONSTS FUNCT. LEARN CLEAR DEV [LIMITS] ITEM LIMITS [BINSORT A] ENABLE ITEM BINS
[off] par 1 par 2 LOWER LIMIT ( ) UPPER LIMIT ( ) -999 x 1012 to +999 x 1012 -999 x 1012 to +999 x 1012
[off] continuous fixed count random *STEP SIZE ( ) [par 1] par 2 PARAMETER VALUE ( ) NUMBER OF BINS ( ) BIN 01 MIN% ( ) default = +1% BIN 01 MAX% ( ) default = -1% [off] on STOP AFTER ( ) number of measurements 0 to 999 x 1012 number of retries 0 to 255; default = 0 -999 x 1012 to +999 x 1012 1 to 32; default = 1 -999 x 1012 to +999 x 1012 -999 x 1012 to +999 x 1012 step size 0 to 255
STOP
[BINSORT B] RETRY LEVELS LOGIC NUMBER OF RETRIES ( ) [+5V] 18V [negative] 18V
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Menu Summary
MENU VIEW FILE
PARAMETER SETTINGS DISPLAY BOF EOF NEXT PREV LINE LIST CLEAR Display file location #1. Go to beginning of file. Go to end of file. Go to next line (line n + 1). Go to previous line (line n - 1). Go to location n. Output each file location in succession. Erase file contents. Adjust generator output: FREQ AMPL BIAS frequency amplitude bias Adjust plotter scaling for: X-min Y-min X-max Y-max minimum value of X coordinate minimum value of Y coordinate minimum value of Y coordinate minimum value of Y coordinate Display status of: PROGRAM P INT.FACE STORE FILE learn program memory (three pages). microprocessor (two pages). GPIB and RS423 data ports (three pages). control/result store (two pages). History file (two pages). Display status of: FUNCTION CONST RESULTS STATS scaling functions (twenty pages). scaling constants (ten pages). stored results (ten pages). history file statistics (two pages). 0 to 32000 units 0 to 32000 units 0 to 32000 units 0 to 32000 units
VERNIER [VERNIER]
[VERNIER]
STATUS [STATUS 1]
[STATUS 2]
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MENU STORE/ RECALL [SET UP]
PARAMETER SETTINGS STORE RECALL CLEAR ( )* Store control set-ups in location n. ( )* Recall control set-ups in location n. ( )* Delete control set-ups in location n. * location no. 1 to 9, volatile mem; 10 to 16, non-vol. mem.
[RESULT] STORE LEARN PROGRAM ( )* Store measurement result in location n. * location no. 1 to 9 LEARN QUIT EDIT INSERT EDIT DELETE NEXT PREV QUIT CLEAR COPY ( )* Store commands as program n. quit the learn function ( )* Enable edit of program n, using the commands: insert instruction (return to edit level) delete instruction go to next instruction go to previous instruction quit the edit function ( )* Erase program n. ( )* Copy program n to ( ). * location no. 1 to 9, volatile mem; * location no. 1 to 9, volatile mem; 10 to 18, non-vol. mem. SELF TEST TEST INIT Test the operation of the measurement hardware, the microprocessor, the keyboard and the display. Set the control parameters to the default state and clear the history file, the result/control stores, and the learn program memory. Reset the control parameters to the default state. Set up the internal clock. [on] off error beep
RESET TIME ERROR-
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5
Menu Terms
Section Page
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
Generator Analyzer Sweep Display Plotter Plot Plotter Axes Data Output Scale/limits
5.3 5.6 5.12 5.15 5.18 5.23 5.24 5.27 5.31 5.37 5.38 5.41 5.47 5.48 5.50
5.10 View File 5.11 Vernier 5.12 Status 5.13 Store/recall 5.14 Learn program 5.15 Self test
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Menu Terns
7835/45/46/47 Technical Manual
BIAS + AC peak
AC(f>10MHz)
AC(f10MHz)
Current Limit of Generator Output The current limit curves shown above result from the voltage compliance limit of the current generator (3 volts rms) and the amplitude limit (60mA for 10MHz and below; 20mA for above 10MHz). The ac curve fits the limit |Imax| X (50+|Z|)3Vrms Similarly the curve for BIAS current is subject to a voltage compliance of 45 volts and a current limit of 100mA peak. The bias curve fits the limit |Imax| X (50+|Z|)45Vpeak with an upper limit of 100mA. Note that the BIAS limit is for BIAS + AC peak and that the impedance-AC-BIAS combination chosen must satisfy the limits for both AC and BIAS.
5-2
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Menu Terms
5.1
GENERATOR
The generator drives the item under test (IUT). The drive signal parameters are shown in Figure 5.1.
Figure 5.1 - Drive signal parameters
5.1.1
[GENERATOR]
Type of drive and constant voltage drive parameters. TYPE Selects constant voltage or constant current drive: [voltage] Constant voltage drive: With MONITOR ENABLE set to [monitor off] the amplitude of the generator output voltage is held at the VAMPL value. With MONITOR ENABLE set to [monitor V1, target = V AMPL] the generator output is varied between 0V and V LIMIT in an attempt to hold the analyzer VOLTAGE 1 input at the V AMPL value. With MONITOR ENABLE set to [monitor 1, target = I AMPL] the generator output is varied between 0V and V LIMIT in an attempt to hold the analyzer CURRENT input at the I AMPL value. [current] Constant current drive: With MONITOR ENABLE set to [off] the amplitude of the generator output current is held at I AMPL value. (Set up the drive current parameters from the [GENERATOR Cont] page.) With MONITOR ENABLE set to [monitor V1, target = V AMPL] the generator output is varied between 0mA and I LIMIT in an attempt to hold the analyzer VOLTAGE 1 input at the V AMPL value. With MONITOR ENABLE set to [monitor I, target = I AMPL] the generator output is varied between 0mA and I LIMIT in an attempt to hold the analyzer CURRENT input at the I AMPL value. FREQ Frequency of generator output. This is selectable in the range 10Hz to 32MHz. To vary the frequency progressively, use SWEEP.
V. AMPL Constant voltage ac amplitude, in the range 0V to 3V rms ( < 10MHz) and 0V to 1V ( > MHz). V. BIAS Constant voltage dc level, in the range -40.95V to =40.95V. Used for setting the quiescent operating point of the IUT or for nulling a dc offset. 5-3
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5.1.2
[GENERATOR Cont]
Type of drive and constant current drive parameters. TYPE FREQ Selects constant voltage or constant current drive. Duplicate of TYPE in Section 1.1 above. Frequency of generator output. Duplicate of FREQ in Section 1.1 above.
I AMPL Constant current ac amplitude, in the range 0mA to 60mA rms ( 10MHz) and 0mA to 20mA rms ( > 10MHz). I BIAS Constant voltage dc level, in the range -l00mA to + l00mA. Used for setting the quiescent operating point of the IUT or for nulling a dc offset.
5.1.3
[MONITOR]
Constant input signal parameters. ENABLE Selects a constant signal level at the analyzer VOLTAGE 1 or CURRENT input. (In monitor mode the displayed amplitude variable represents the actual generator output.) [monitor off] Monitor facility off: generator output held at V AMPL or I AMPL value, in accordance with TYPE setting. (See Sections 1.1 and 1.2 above.) [monitor V1, target = V. AMPL] Constant voltage input. Generator output is adjusted automatically to hold the analyzer VOLTAGE 1 input at V AMPL ERROR%. During this process the generator output is not allowed to exceed the V LIMIT value. [monitor I, target = I. AMPL] Constant current input. Generator output is adjusted automatically to hold the analyzer CURRENT input at I AMPL ERROR%. During this process the generator output is not allowed to exceed the I LIMIT value. V LIMIT I LIMIT Maximum amplitude voltage allowed at generator output in [monitor V1, target = V. AMPL] mode. (Default value = 3V.) Maximum amplitude current allowed at generator output in [monitor I, target l. AMPL] mode. (Default value 60mA.)
ERROR% Percentage difference (1% to 50%) allowed between the generator output and the target value, in monitor mode. A failure to obtain a target value within the defined error percentage (after two attempts) results in the error message 84. MONITOR FAILED.
5.1.4
MONITOR CONFIGURATIONS
To hold an input signal at a constant level the instrument uses one of the feedback configurations schematized in Fig 5.2. These configurations are part hardware and part software and, excluding the IUT, are contained in the instrument. In each case the generator output is varied, within defined limits, to maintain the selected input at a defined level. An amplitude sweep with monitor enabled sweeps the selected input.
5-4
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Menu Terms
Figure 5.2 - Simplified schematic of monitor feedback configurations
5.1.5
GENERATOR START AND STOP CONTROL

The generator output is switched on, and stays on, when a measurement, SINGLE or RECYCLE, is commanded or when NULL [evaluate] or NORMALIZE [evaluate] is commanded. BREAK switches the output off. Other commands that switch the generator output off are: KILL This remotely generated signal is applied to a connector on the rear panel. When asserted, it holds the generator output at zero volts; when released, it allows the excitation signal to assume its set amplitude. KILL also halts measurement data processing. Processing restarts, after KILL is released, with the next complete measurement. Note that, with low frequency measurements, you may have to wait a considerable time for the measurement results to appear. For example, when measuring at 1mHz, the present (killed) measurement will take up to 1000 secs to complete. Then, assuming KILL was released during this period, you will have to wait another 1000 secs for the results of the released measurement. SELF TEST RESET Same action on generator output as BREAK. Sets the AMPL value in the GENERATOR menu to zero.
INITIALIZESame action on generator output as RESET.
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Menu Terns
5.2
ANALYZER
The analyzer correlates the input signals V1,V2, and I at the drive signal frequency to obtain the frequency response and impedance of the item under test. From these basic measurement data the instrument can compute many different results in various formats: you select the result of your choice from the DISPLAY menu. Any scaling that may be necessary is selected from the SCALING menu: this includes nulling, normalisation, end scaling by functions. Limits checking and sorting of the results may be selected from the LIMITS and BINSORT menus. The basic analysis data are stored in the history file (when this is enabled, from the DATA OUTPUT menu) and may be reviewed with the VIEW FILE facility.
5.2.1
[ANALYSIS]
Parameters common to all analyzer inputs. The DELAY and TIME parameters are shown in Figure 5.3.
Figure 5.3 - Measurement delay and integration time
5.2.1.1 TIME
Integration time. The period over which the analyzer measures the input signals. The duration of this period determines the harmonic and noise rejection ability of the analyzer. Defined in seconds, the time is rounded up or down to cover a whole number of cycles. Figure 5.4 shows how rejection increases with time. The integration time can be adjusted automatically, in accordance with the amount of noise present at the input and the statistical accuracy required for the measurement result. See Section 2.1.3.
5.2.1.2 DELAY
Delays the start of a measurement on the measure command. Typically, used with SWEEP. Allows the response of the item under test to settle after a change in drive.
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5.2.1.3 AUTO
Auto integration. Selects an integration time in keeping with the interference on a selected input. Measurement continues, within the TIME period, until the standard deviation of the input data reaches a target value: [off] Auto integration off. Analyzer inputs measured over TIME. [Long on V1] Aims for a standard deviation of 1% of reading 0.001% of full scale on analyzer VOLTAGE 1 input. [Short on V1] Aims for a standard deviation of 10% of reading 0.01% of full scale on analyzer VOLTAGE 1 input. [Long on V2] Aims for a standard deviation of 1% of reading 0.001% of full scale on analyzer VOLTAGE 2 input. [Short on V2] Aims for a standard deviation of 10% of reading 0.01% of full scale on analyzer VOLTAGE 2 input. [Long on l] Aims for a standard deviation of 1% of reading 0.001% of full scale on analyzer CURRENT input. [Short on I] Aims for a standard deviation of 10% of reading 0.01% of full scale on analyzer CURRENT input. In each case, the standard deviation value can be accepted with 90% confidence. A failure to reach the required deviation value within the TIME is indicated by the message 82. AUTO INT. FAILED. To ensure that the standard deviation of all input data is equal to or less than one of the values stated above, select the input signal with the most interference for auto integration.
Figure 5.4 - Noise and harmonic rejection v cycles of integration

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Menu Terns
5.2.1.4 MODE
Selects a measurement mode suitable for the results to be displayed (see Section 4). [normal] Single measurement. Used for all displayed functions, except r,t, r(dB), t, and auto circuit. [group delay] Triple measurement. Used for the functions r,t and r(dB), t, whose prime purpose is to determine the transmission quality of filters. Time t represents the delay between the frequencies F - n% and F+p%. F, the generator output frequency, and the values n and p are all defined by the user. All other display functions, except auto circuit, may be derived from group delay measurements. The error incurred in a group delay measurement
=
phase error ( in deg rees ) 360 x fspan
where fspan = F( n + p )Hz

This shows that the group delay error is inversely proportional to fspan. To minimize the group delay error at the lower drive frequencies, increase the values of n and p as the value of F is decreased. [auto impedance] Double measurement. Used primarily for the auto circuit function, but can also be used for any other function except r,t and r(dB),t.
Figure 5.5 - Measurement modes: a) normal, b) group delay, c) auto impedance (F < 128Hz), d) auto impedance (F 128Hz)
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5.2.2
[INPUT V1]
Parameters of the analyzer VOLTAGE 1 input.
5.2.2.1 RANGE
Auto ranging or a fixed range can be used: [auto] Auto ranging selects the most accurate range for the signal amplitude being measured. Each measurement starts on the most sensitive range. If an overload is detected the result is discarded and measurement restarts on the next range up; this procedure is continued until a valid result is obtained. Auto ranging should be used when the signal amplitudes being measured cover more than one input range, or are unpredictable. [30mV] Fixed range for signal amplitudes between 0V and 30mV. [300mV] Fixed range for signal amplitudes between 0V and 300mV. [3V] Fixed range for signal amplitudes between 0V and 3V. The use of a fixed range avoids the range search time penalty incurred with auto ranging. Select the most sensitive range possible, to obtain the finest measurement resolution.
5.2.2.2 COUPLING
Coupling of the measured signal to the analyzer VOLTAGE 1 input. [dc] Dc coupling introduces minimum phase shift and should be used whenever possible, particularly on low frequency work. [ac] Ac coupling can be used to reject an unwanted dc component. This may allow a more sensitive input range to be selected.
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5.2.2.3 INPUT AND OUTER

These settings select the internal connections between the Hi and Lo voltage inputs and the analyzer input amplifier:
5.2.3
[INPUT V2]
Same parameters as for [VOLTAGE 1] , but applicable to the VOLTAGE 2 input.
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5.2.4
[INPUT I]
Parameters of the analyzer CURRENT input.
5.2.4.1 RANGE
Auto ranging or a fixed range can be used: [auto] Auto ranging selects the most accurate range for the signal amplitude being measured. Each measurement starts on the most sensitive range. If an overload is detected the result is discarded and measurement restarts on the next range up; this procedure is continued until a valid result is obtained. Auto ranging should be used when the input signal amplitudes cover more than one range, or are unpredictable. [6A] to [60mA] A fixed range provides for the measurement of signal amplitudes in the range: 0 to 6A, 0 to 60A, 0 to 600A, 0 to 6mA, 0 to 60mA, The use of a fixed range avoids the range search time penalty incurred with auto ranging. Select the most sensitive range possible, to obtain the finest measurement resolution.
5.2.4.2 COUPLING
Coupling of the measured signal to the analyzer CURRENT input. [dc] Dc coupling introduces minimum phase shift and should be used whenever possible, particularly on low frequency work. [ac} Ac coupling can be used to reject an unwanted dc component. This may allow a more sensitive input range to be selected.
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5.3
SWEEP
SWEEP allows any one of the generator output parameters, frequency, amplitude, or bias, to be stepped through a range of settings, a new setting being used for each measurement.
5.3.1
[SWEEP]
Selection of sweep type, direction, and resolution.
5.3.1.1 ENABLE
Sweep type: [off] Sweep off. [lin. freq] Linear frequency sweep. Successive frequencies differ by a constant frequency value ( LIN). [log. freq] Logarithmic frequency sweep. Successive frequencies differ by a constant frequency ratio ( LOG). [amplitude] Amplitude sweep. Successive amplitudes differ by a constant value ( LIN). [bias] Bias sweep. Successive bias levels differ by a constant value ( LIN).
5.3.1.2 UP/DOWN
Sweep direction: [up] Sweep from minimum limit to maximum limit. [down] Sweep from maximum limit to minimum limit.
5.3.1.3 LOG
Numeric entry which defines the number of measurement points for a [log. freq] sweep.
Fig 5.6 - Example of logarithmic frequency sweep: A LOG = 5 points per sweep (= 4 steps/sweep)
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5.3.1.4 LIN
Numeric entry which defines, for a [lin freq] sweep. [pts/swp] The number of points per sweep. [unit/st] The number of units per step. The units are Hz on frequency sweeps and volts or amps on amplitude or bias sweeps. (The step value need not be a sub-multiple of the sweep span.)
Figure 5.7 - Examples of linear frequency sweep: a) LIN = 5 points per sweep (= 4 steps/sweep); b) LIN = 200Hz per step.
5.3.2
[SWEEP LIMITS]
Selection of sweep limits for frequency, amplitude and bias.
5.3.2.1 FREQ
Frequency limits: F MIN ( ) Minimum frequency, in the range 10Hz to 32MHz. F MAX ( ) Maximum frequency, in the range 10Hz to 32MHz.
5.3.2.2 V. AMPL
Voltage amplitude limits: V MIN ( ) Minimum amplitude, in the range: V MAX ( ) Minimum amplitude, in the range: 0V to 3V ( < 10MHz) 0V to 1V ( > 10MHz) 0V to 3V ( < 10MHz) 0V to 1V ( > 10MHz) 5-13
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5.3.2.3 V. BIAS
Voltage bias limits: V MIN ( ) Minimum bias, in the range - 40.95V to +40.95V. V MAX ( ) Maximum bias, in the range - 40.95V to +40.95V.
5.3.2.4 I. AMPL
Current amplitude limits: I MIN ( ) Minimum amplitude, in the range: 0mA to 60mA (f < 10MHz); 0mA to 20mA (f > 10MHz). I MAX ( ) Maximum amplitude, in the range: 0mA to 60mA (fS 10MHz); 0mA to 20mA (f> 10MHz).
5.3.2.5 I. BIAS
Current bias limits: I MIN ( ) Minimum bias, in the range -100mA to + 100mA. I MAX ( ) Maximum bias, in the range -100mA to + 100mA.
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5.4
DISPLAY
DISPLAY acts on the basic measurement data, obtained either from the analyzer or from the history file. These data are the amplitudes of the signals present at the V1, V2, and I inputs of the analyzer, and their phase relations. Various combinations of the data can be selected and the measurement results derived from them can be output in different forms. The history file can be accessed repeatedly to view the same data in many different ways.
5.4.1
DISPLAY
Selection of measurement results to be displayed and/or passed to the output ports. The display format is shown in Figure 5.8.
Fig 5.8 - Display format for measurement results
5.4.1.1 VARIABLE
The generator output parameter to be displayed as the variable: [freq] Generator output frequency. [ampl] Amplitude (rms) of ac component of generator output. [bias] Level (dc) of generator output.
5.4.1.2 RESULT
To display a specific result a choice of measurement source is offered first. Then, depending on the source entered, a choice of coordinates is offered. The full range of sources and coordinates is shown in Table 5.1.
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Table 5.1 - Measurement Source and Displayed Coordinates
SOURCE
[Z1=Vl/I] Y1=I/V1 Z2=V2/I Y2=I/V2 FUNCTION ( ) V1 V2 V1/V2 V2/V1 I Z, Y, Z, Y, [r,] r, r, r, r, [r,] r(dB), [r(dB),] [r(dB),I [r(dB),] [r(dB),] r,t* r,t r,t r,t r,t
COORDS
[L(orC),R] [L(orC),R] [L(orC),R] [L(orC),R] r(dB),t* r(dB),t r(dB),t r(dB),t r(dB),t L(orC),R L(orC),Q L(orC),Q L(orC),Q L(orC),Q L(orC),Q L(orC),D L(orC),D L(orC),D L(orC),D L(orC),D R,X G,B R,X G,B a,b a,b a,b a,b a,b a,b
*For time scale measurements use the analyser group delay mode. (See Section 2.1.4.)
5.4.1.3 PHASE
Phase presentation: [normal] Phase presented as an angle between + 180 and ~180. Angles > 180 are wrapped to obtain an equivalent relative angle. A plot of wrapped phase results relating to a system at resonance could appear thus:
[unwrapped] Phase presented as an absolute angle between 0 and n. A plot of unwrapped phase results from the same basic data as the normal plot above would appear thus:
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5.4.1.4 CIRCUIT
The form of the circuit being measured, defined for SOURCE set to Z1, Y1, Z2, or Y2: [parallel C,R] Capacitor and resistor in parallel. [auto] With MODE in the ANALYSIS menu set to auto impedance the instrument automatically ascertains the form of the circuit being measured and displays component values for that form: a p or an s is displayed also, to indicate a parallel or series circuit. Use auto if the form of the circuit is not known. Note that small phase components (resistors, for example) may give a confusing reading; noise can change a series R,L result to a series R,C result:
[series L,R] Inductor and resistor in series. [series C,R] Capacitor and resistor in series. [parallel L,R] Inductor and resistor in parallel.
5.4.1.5 ALTERNATIVE CIRCUIT FORMS

The CIRCUIT setting can be used to find the equivalent component values of an alternative circuit form. Simply select the required form and read the component values from the display, using the L (or C) coordinates (see Section 5.4.1.2 above). For series to parallel, or parallel to series conversions the equivalent values are valid for the frequency of measurement only.
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5.5
PLOTTER
Measurement results can be plotted on a suitable digital plotter. The PLOTTER menu gives a choice of graphics language, plot size and trace, and on/off control of text, grid and axes.
5.5.1
[PLOTTER]
Trace, text, grid, axes, and graphics language selection.
5.5.1.1 MODE
Type of trace: [vector] Adjacent measurement results connected by a straight line, e.g.
[point] Measurement results plotted as separate points, e.g.
5.5.1.2 TEXT
Plot annotation: [on] X and Y axes annotated with minimum and maximum values, items, units (if appropriate), title and time. [off] Results plotted without annotation.
5.5.1.3 GRID
Selects grid on or off; for divisions along the X and Y axes.
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5.5.1.4 AXES
On/off control of text, grid and axes: [off] Results alone are plotted; no text, grid or axes. [on] Depending on the TEXT and GRID selections, plots may be made in the following styles:
5.5.1.5 DEVICE
Plotting device: [GPIB-HPGL] Device using the Hewlett-Packard graphics language. [GPIB- ESGL] Device using the Enertec Schlumberger graphics language.
5.5.2
[PLOTTER SCALING]
Choice of plot size:
5.5.2.1 SIZE
Standard size or scaled size. [A4] [A3] Standard plot sizes. [scaled] Plot size, aspect ratio and position defined by X-MIN, Y-MIN, X-MAX, Y-MAX. See Section 11, for VERNIER method of setting up the scaled graph size.
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5.5.2.2 X-MIN, Y-MIN, X-MAX, Y-MAX

Coordinates which define the plotting field, as shown in Fig 5.11. The coordinates can be set in the range 0 to 32000 units. One unit = 0.025mm, measured from the reference origin.
Figure 5.9 - Coordinates of the plotting field
5.5.3
[PLOTTER TITLE]
A user-defined title containing up to twenty five characters, alpha and numeric, can be entered. This title appears at the top of the plotting field. OLD Displays the present title, e.g. [WXYZABCDE] <-> <Freq Response Test No 5_ > COPY <--->
This title can now be edited, if required. This is done by overwriting the original characters. (There is no character insertion facility.) NEW Displays a blank title space, for the entry of a new title. [WXYZABCDE] <-> <_ COPY <---> >
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5.5.3.1 TITLE ENTRY

Characters are copied from the group in square brackets in the top left hand corner of the display. For each character to be copied the procedure is: 1. Select the group in which the character appears. Four different groups can be selected with NEXT or PREV: [ WXYABCDE ] [ SPACE ] upper case alpha characters, a space character, numeric and miscellaneous characters, lower case alpha characters.
[ ] , . :1 2 3 4 5 ] [w x y z a b c d e]
2. Select the character for copying by aligning it with the flashing cursor. To do this, move the selected group to the left or right by pressing the appropriate arrow key (on the left-hand side), e.g. [WXYZABCDE] <-> <_ COPY <---> >
->
->
[CDEFGHIJK] <->
<_ COPY <--->
>
3. Copy selected character into title: [CDEFGHIJK] <-> <_ COPY <---> >
COPY
[CDEFGHIJK] <->
<G_ COPY <--->
>
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4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 until complete title is copied, then ENTER it.
1
[klmnopqrs] <->
0
<Group Delay Test No 10_ > COPY <--->
ENTER
Note that numbers may be keyed in from the keypad. Spaces may be created in a blank title space simply by moving the cursor with the right-hand --> key.
5.5.3.2 TITLE EDIT

The title is edited by overwriting the character(s) to be changed. The procedure is: [PLOTTER TITLE] OLD NEW
Select the PLOTTER TITLE menu...
OLD
...and press the OLD soft key...
[WXYZABCDE] <->
<Group Delay Test No 10_ > COPY <--->

...to display the present plotter title.
<--
<--
[WXYZABCDE] <-> ->
<Group Delay Test No 10 > COPY <--> -->
Then, using the <-- key, align the title cursor with the first character to be changed...
...which, in the present example, is the letter T in Test. (notice that there are now two flashing cursors; one to show the character to be changed and the other to show the character that is to replace it.) The aim in this example is to change the word Test to Plot so, using the -> (or <-) key
[LMNOPQRST] <5-22 ->
<Group Delay Test No 10 > COPY <--->

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COPY
COPY it and...
[LMNOPQRST] <-> <PREV
<Group Delay Pest No 10 > COPY <-<--> COPY
...P appears in place of T in the plot title.
Now select the lower case letters in the square brackets and, using the <- key, align the cursor with the letter I. Copy this letter...
[hijklmnop] <->
<Group Delay Plst No 10 > COPY <--->
...into the title. Then...
<-
<-
<-
COPY
...select the letter o and copy this also to...
[klmnopqrs] <->
<Group Delay Plot No 10 > COPY <--->
...complete the change.
ENTER
Enter the edited title and...
[PLOTTER TITLE] OLD NEW
...PLOTTER TITLE is displayed again to show that entry is complete.
5.6
PLOT
Direct action. Outputs data in the history file to the GPIB plotter. The data source and co-ordinates are selected from the DISPLAY menu and scaling values may be selected from SCALE/LIMITS. The same data can be plotted in many different ways by varying the PLOTTER AXES settings.
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5.7
PLOTTER AXES
The displayed variable and the two result parameters, par 1 and par 2, can be assigned individually to any of the plotter axes. The relationship between displayed and plotted results for the default plotter axes settings is shown in Figure 5.10. VARIABLE 250.00000 Hz [TIME 00:04:26] PAR 1 +3.50000 V PAR 2 + 27.055 deg
Figure 5.10 - Relationship between displayed and plotted results (default ITEM settings)
5.7.1
[PLOTTER X-AXIS]
X-axis definition, with the control parameters item, limits, lin/log, and pen.
5.7.1.1 ITEM
The item to be plotted along the X-axis. Selectable from variable, par 1, and par 2.
5.7.1.2 LIMITS
The minimum and maximum values of the X-axis. These values can be set automatically or manually, as required. [auto] Maximum and minimum values of the X-axis are set automatically, in accordance with the minimum and maximum values measured in a sweep. This gives the best plot resolution. (There is a brief delay, during which the plot limits are calculated, before the plot starts.) [manual] Maximum and minimum values of the X-axis are set manually. 5-24
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5.7.1.2.1 MINIMUM and MAXIMUM These two settings define the full-scale range of an X-coordinate, when LIMITS is set to manual. A similar pair of values is defined for the Y-axes and the overall effect is as shown in Figure 5.11.
Figure 5.11 - Minimum and maximum values of the plot scale
5.7.1.3 LIN/LOG
Scaling of plotter X-axis. [auto] Plotter X-axis scaling set automatially. Log scaling is selected for log f sweeps, whilst linear scaling is selected for all other sweeps (including amplitude and bias sweeps). [linear] Linear X-axis scaling. [log] Logarithmic X-axis scaling. (Note that the limit values must be >0 for log limits to be allowed.)
5.7.1.4 PEN
Pen selection, for multi-pen plotters. A pen number is entered.
5.7.2
[PLOTTER Y-AXIS MAIN]

Same parameters as for X-axis, but applicable to the Y axis.
5.7.3
[PLOTTER Y-AXIS OVERLAY]

Same parameters as for X-axis, except for ITEM and LIMITS, but applicable to the Y overlay axis. ITEM in the Y-axis overlay menu has an off setting. This is selected when the overlay plot is not wanted. LIMITS in the Y-axis overlay menu has a same as main setting. This gives the same limits as for the Y-axis.
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5.7.4
PLOT TYPES
The ability to assign any display item to any plot axis allows a wide variety of plot types to be set up. A Bode plot, for example, is obtained with the settings DISPLAY [COORDINATES]: PLOTTER X-AXIS: PLOTTER Y-AXIS: [r(dB), ] [variable] [par 1]
This gives a Bode plot of amplitude r(dB) against frequency. If ITEM is set to [par 2] in the plotter Y-axis overlay menu an overlaid plot of phase angle against frequency is obtained also. For the same data, a Nyquist plot can be obtained with the settings DISPLAY [COORDINATES]: PLOTTER X-AXIS: PLOTTER Y-AXIS: [a,b] [par 1] [par 2]
Examples of typical Bode and Nyquist plots are shown in Figure 5.12.
Figure 5.12 - Plot examples: a) Bode plot, b) Nyquist plot
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5.8
DATA OUTPUT
DATA OUTPUT selects: the data output ports, the data to be output, and the data format.
5.8.1
[DATA OUTPUT]
As well as being displayed, the measurement results may be output through any combination of the RS423 port, the GPIB port, and the history file. The data output facilities are listed in Table 5.2. Each output stream may not only be switched on or off, but can be restricted to data of interest with the pass or fail settings. The dump modes provide compressed data for computers and similar equipment. A [plotter] setting for the GPIB allows data to be output to a plotter as measurements occur. Table 5.2 Data Output Facilities Settings Available: RS-423 D GPIB D FILE D [off] No data output. [all] All data are output, but, with LIMITS on, any off-limit data are indicated by Hi and Lo. [fail] Output restricted to fail data. No data are output if LIMITS is off. [pass] Output restricted to pass data if LIMITS is on. All data output if LIMITS is off. [dump] The measurement source data are output in a compressed form, suitable for storage or for computer processing. [dump all] The analysis data from all input channels, and all variables, frequency, amplitude, and bias, are output in compressed form. [plotter] Data are output to the GPIB plotter, as measurements occur. (The plotter limits for this facility must be entered manually, otherwise it will not work.) Facility
D = default setting; = setting available
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5.8.1.1 HEADING
Headings can be included in the data that are output to RS423 and the GPIB. Headings are intended for use with printers and VDUs, when data are presented in tabular form. A heading is assigned to each column to indicate the data type, units, etc. [off] No headings are output. [on] Headings are output to: a) the RS423 port, if MODE is set for [printer]. b) the GPIB port, if Talk Only is selected. Headings are output when: a) HEADING [on] is entered, regardless of whether [on] was selected previously or not, b) a change is made to any control parameter which invalidates existing headings.
5.8.2
[GPIB CONFIGURE]
GPIB parameters. (The device address, Talk Only, and the input command terminator are set on a rear panel switch. PAR POLL, P SENSE, and SER POLL are set by remote command only.)
5.8.2.1 TERM
Output terminator. The character, or characters, with which each measurement result is terminated: [cr lf] Carriage return and line feed. [cr lf + EOI] Carriage return, line feed and the signal EOI (end or identify). [cr] Carriage return. [cr + EOI] Carriage return and EOI.
5.8.2.2 SEP.
Output separator. The character with which output data fields are separated: [commal Comma separator. [terminator] Separator same as terminator.
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5.8.3
[RS423 CONFIGURE]
RS423 parameters. Note that the RS423 port is intended mainly for data output to a printer, VDU, etc. Use it for limited remote control of the instrument only if you are fully conversant with RS423 protocol.
5.8.3.1 MODE
Choice of output data format, for controller or printer: [printer] Spaced field format, suitable for printers having a minimum of 80 characters per line. [controller] Condensed format, suitable for a controller.
5.8.3.2 ECHO
Echoes back to an external device each character received from it. Typically used with keyboard type devices operating from RS423 to obtain a copy of the data sent. Refer to the device handbook to see if an echo is needed or not. [on] echo applied. [off] echo disabled.
5.8.3.3 TERM.
Output terminator. The character, or characters, with which each measurement result is terminated: [cr lf] Carriage return and line feed. [cr lf + null] Carriage return, line feed and four null characters. [cr] Carriage return. [cr + null] Carriage return and four null characters.
5.8.3.4 SEP.
Output separator. The character with which output data fields are separated: [comma] Comma separator. [terminator] Separator same as terminator.
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5.8.3.5 XOFF/XON
Transmit off/transmit on software handshake facility. [enable] handshake enabled; XOFF and XON used. [disable] handshake disabled; XOFF and XON not used. This selection governs the use of the XON/XOFF code by the instrument, i.e. whether or not the instrument outputs the command to a device sending data to it. The instrument will always respond to an XON/XOFF command from a controller.
5.8.4
[FILE CONFIGURE]
History file parameters.
5.8.4.1 FORMAT
Measurements to be filed. Specified according to measurement mode. [normal] File set for normal measurements. [group delay] File set for group delay measurements. The history file must be cleared before changing the format.
5.8.4.2 CLEAR
History file clear function, auto or manual. [auto] File cleared automatically, at start of every sweep. [manual] File cleared manually, from VIEW FILE menu.
5.8.4.3 STATS
The results from which statistics are to be derived: [par 1] Statistics computed from Parameter 1*. [par 2] Statistics computed from Parameter 2*. *Displayed parameter, see Section 4, Display.
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5.9
SCALE/LIMITS
Under SCALE/LIMITS five functions are available: Swept measurements may be normalized to separate the results of interest from background data. Effect - of stray capacitance and inductance on the measurement results may be compensated for with the null facility. Individual measurement results may have a user-defined scaling function applied to them. The scaling function, set from the scale/limits menu, is applied when FUNCTION is selected as the display SOURCE; see Section 4.1.2. A limits check may be applied, which compares each measurement result against user-defined limits. This facility and normalize may be used together, for a profiled limits check. Electrical components may be sorted.
5.9.1
[SCALING]
On/off control of NORMALIZE and NULL, and selection of CONSTANTS and FUNCTION for measurement scaling.
5.9.1.1 NORM.*
Normalize on/off/evaluate: [off] Normalize not applied. [on] The measurement results are divided by normalize values, the normalize values having been previously evaluated. [evaluate] First set up the sweep parameters and then enter [evaluate]. A sweep is actioned and the normalize values thus obtained are stored. On completion, [on] is selected automatically and the results from any further sweeps are divided by the normalize values. Changing the sweep parameters after evaluate has been entered invalidates the normalize values. Commanding a sweep with normalize [on] then evokes the message, 29. RENORMALIZE, until [evaluate] is entered again. Note that the maximum number of points/sweep selectable for normalize [on] or [evaluate] is 243 for the normal analyzer mode and 192 for group delay.
* DATA O/P: FILE CONFIGURE CLEAR must be in [auto] mode when normalize [on] or [evaluate] is used.
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5.9.1.2 NULL*
Null on/off/evaluate: [off] Null not applied. [on] Effect of stray inductance and capacitance on measurement results is removed in accordance with previously evaluated null values. [evaluate] Starts the null procedure, which is: 1. 2. 3. 4. In accordance with the displayed message, insert a shorting bar. Press the PAUSE/CONT key. Wait for the message Remove shorting bar. then do so. Press the PAUSE/CONT key.
When nulling is complete NULL is set to [on] automatically. Nulling may be used with either single-point -or sweep measurements. Set the input and sweep parameters before selecting [evaluate]. Whilst the null values are being evaluated some of the generator and analyzer control parameters are set temporarily to settings which may differ from those selected by the user. However, a return is made to the user-defined settings when null evaluation is complete. * DATA O/P: FILE CONFIGURE CLEAR must be in [auto] mode when null [on] or [evaluate] is used.
5.9.1.3 CONSTS
Nine user-defined constants, for use with scaling facility. [a, b] Scaling by Cartesian coordinates. [r, ] Scaling by polar coordinates. Scaling constants are numbered from 1 to 9 inclusive. This number is entered by the user when CONSTS is selected. The entry of [a, b] or [r, ] prompts the entry of user-defined coordinate values.
5.9.1.4 FUNCT
User-defined scaling function. Eighteen different functions may be entered, and are numbered by the user on entry. Functions 1 to 9 are stored in the battery sustained memory and functions 10 to 18 are stored in the non-volatile memory. New functions are learnt. Previously entered functions no longer needed may be cleared. The use of the scaling function is described in detail in Chapter 10, Measurement Scaling.
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LEARN displays a choice of variables and operators which the user may use to build up a scaling function. To ensure correct syntax, only valid choices are shown. CLEAR deletes the specified function, ready for the entry of a new function under the same number.
5.9.1.5 DEV
Computes the deviation of the present result from a stored result. [off] Deviation facility not selected. [] You are invited to enter the number of a stored result. When this is done the display shows, for each measured result, the difference between the result and the stored value. An asterisk (*) is displayed also, to show that the displayed value is not the measured result. [ %] Same procedure as for []. With the [%] setting, however, the difference between stored and measured results is expressed as a percentage value.
5.9.2
[LIMITS]
Displayed parameter limits check. ITEM Parameter to be checked: [par 1] Parameter 1. [par 2] Parameter 2. Parameter 1 and Parameter 2 are the coordinates of the displayed measurement result. (See Section 4.) LIMITS The LOWER LIMIT and the UPPER LIMIT against which the selected parameter is to be checked.
5.9.3
[BINSORT A]
Note: The Binsort option is no longer available from Solartron. This section is retained for reference only. The [BINSORT A] menu allows you to choose: the sorting method, continuous, fixed count, or random, the item to be sorted, the number of the tolerance bands, or bins, when to stop the sort.
Continued overleaf....
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5.9.3.1 ENABLE
The sorting method. This may be chosen from: [off] No sorting done. [continuous] Every component sorted. [fixed count] Every nth component sorted. (n = STEP SIZE.) [random] Random sort, within a maximum step size.
5.9.3.2 ITEM
The display parameter sorted. [par1] Parameter 1 sorted. [par2] Parameter 2 sorted. On entry of the display parameter setting you are invited to enter the parameter value. This is the nominal value to which the tolerance values, specified under BINS, refer.
5.9.3.3 BINS
First you specify the number of bins into which the components are to be sorted. Then, for each bin, you define the MIN% and MAX% tolerance values, each of which refers to the parameter value entered under ITEM. A physical set of component bins may be used to store the components as their corresponding bin number is displayed.
5.9.3.4 STOP
Defined conditions for stopping test. [off] Test stopped only when ENABLE [off] is selected. [on] Measurements stopped after a number of tests have been made. This number is defined by the user.
5.9.4
[BINSORT B]
Note: The Binsort option is no longer available from Solartron. This section is retained for reference only. The [BINSORT B] menu allows you to choose the parameters for operating a component test machine. These are: the number of attempts to be made to get a pass result. the machine drive levels, the machine drive logic.
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5.9.4.1 RETRY
Enter the maximum number of times each component is to be measured in an attempt to obtain a pass result.
5.9.4.2 LEVELS
The voltage levels required to drive the component test machine. [+5V] Drive levels are +5V and 0V. [+18V] Drive levels are +18V and 0V.
5.9.4.3 LOGIC
The logic sense required to drive the component test machine. [negative] Negative logic, i.e. 0V = 1 and +5V (or + 18V) = 0. [positive] Positive logic, i.e. 0V = 0 and +5V (or +18V) = 1.
5.9.5
BINSORT FUNCTIONS
Note: The Binsort option is no longer available from Solartron. This section is retained for reference only. To perform the functions defined under BINSORT A and BINSORT B the instrument must be fitted with the binsort option card. The following hierarchy of binsort functions is then available: SWEEP With a sweep enabled, each component tested is subjected to a sweep and the bin selected is related to the worst case result. In this mode a SINGLE command results in a single sweep and a RECYCLE command results in repeated sweeps. This function encompasses the LIMIT and NORMAL functions described below. A limit check can be selected for one display parameter whilst the other parameter is used for sorting. A fail result from the limits check fails the component, regardless of the binsort result. The LIMIT function encompasses the NORMAL function described below. A binsort check is applied to each measurement result, for a selected number of bins (32 max.). Each bin corresponds to a specified tolerance band. The value of the displayed parameter to be sorted is compared with the bin limits (which define the tolerance bands) and the number of the bin whose tolerance fits the sorted parameter is displayed. Also, an appropriate bin select line is asserted: this may be used to energise the appropriate trap on a mechanical binsorter or, with manual sorting, to illuminate a lamp on the appropriate acceptor bin.
LIMIT
NORMAL
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If the value of the sorted parameter is outside all specified tolerance bands then 99 is displayed to signify that the component has failed. The identity of the bin select line asserted is one greater than that of the number of bins. This line may be used to energise the fail trap on a mechanical sorter or, with manual sorting, to illuminate the fail bin.
5.9.5.1 BINSORT CONNECTIONS

The way to connect the instrument to a mechanical binsorter will be described in the binsorter manual. Nulling with a binsorter should be done at the component test contacts.
5.9.5.2 EFFECT OF BREAK COMMAND

If break is commanded during a binsort the instrument remembers the point at which it was stopped and restarts from that point. The stop on value* which is displayed on sort completion includes the number of tests made before break was commanded. *Number of components tested, see Section 9.3.4.
5.9.6
PROGRAM KEYSWITCH
The setting of the PROGRAM keyswitch on the rear panel determines the use of the non-volatile memory for scaling functions (see Section 9.1.4). Two switch positions are used: a) SUPERVISOR A scaling function may be stored in, or recalled from, any location, from 1 through 18. All locations may be cleared. In SUPERVISOR mode the instrument takes several seconds to initialize. A scaling function may be recalled from any location, but may be stored only in locations 1 through 9. Only locations 1 through 9 may be cleared. Reserved for future use.
b) NORMAL
c) OPERATOR
To set the instrument into the supervisor or normal mode, turn the key to the appropriate position and command BREAK. To protect the contents of the non-volatile memory, operate the instrument in the normal mode whenever possible.
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Menu Terms
5.10
VIEW FILE
VIEW FILE acts on the basic measurement data stored in the history file. The form of the output results is selected from the DISPLAY menu (see Section 4).
5.10.1 [VIEW FILE]

DISPLAY LIST Displays file location #1. Use the [DISPLAY FILE] menu to go to other file locations. On entry, each file location is output in quick succession. This facility is intended for sending filed data to an external device, via RS423 or the GPIB. LIST may also be used for updating the statistics readings: see Section 12.2.4. CLEAR Erases the file contents and displays 40. FILE CLEARED.
5.10.2 [DISPLAY FILE]

When DISPLAY is selected, in the [VIEW FILE] menu, file location #1 is displayed. Other file locations are accessed as follows: BOF Beginning of file. (Location 1) EOF End of file. (The highest numbered location containing a result) NEXT Next location. (Location n + 1) PREV Previous location. (Location n - 1) LINE Location n.
5.10.3 FILE SIZE

The number of results that the history file will hold depends on which analyzer mode is in use, normal or group delay, and on whether or not null or normalise is selected (from the SCALING menu). See Table 5.3. Table 5.3 Size of History File
Null/Normalize
Storage Space Available Normal Group Delay 331 results 243 results 192 results
Null off; normalize off Null on; normalize off Null off; normalize on
405 results 280 results 243 results
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5.11
VERNIER
Use VERNIER to adjust the generator output, whether measurements are being made or not. VERNIER can also be used to adjust the size of the plotting field, whilst watching the pen movement.
5.11.1 ADJUSTING GENERATOR PARAMETERS: FREQ, AMPL, OR BIAS

The generator parameter on which the vernier is to act is selected from the first menu page. The selected parameter is displayed on entry, together with the vernier soft key functions. The format of the display depends on whether or not measurements are being made:
VERNIER
[VERNIER] FREQ AMPL BIAS
FREQ
a) measurement not in progress: VERNIER Freq = 100.00000 < > UP DOWN
b) measurement in progress: 100.00000 Hz < > 3.514 dB UP -37.01 dg DOWN
In case b) the generator parameter selected from the [VERNIER] menu is automatically selected as the displayed variable. In both cases, the selected parameter is adjusted as described in Sections 11.3 and 11.4.
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5.11.2 ADJUSTING PLOTTER SCALING

Plotter scaling can be adjusted with the second [VERNIER] menu, which is selected with the NEXT key. (For this facility to work, [plotter] must be selected for the data output to the GPIB; see Section 8.1, in the present chapter.)
NEXT
[VERNIER] X-min Y-min X-max Y-max
Pressing a soft key, for X-min, Y-min, X-max, or Y-max, displays the previously entered value. This value can be adjusted with the arrow keys and up/down keys, whilst watching the pen movement. See Sections 11.3 and 11.4 below. X-min
VERNIER X-min = +01404 < > UP DOWN
5.11.3 VERNIER DECADE

The decade on which VERNIER is to act is indicated by a flashing cursor. Set the cursor position with the arrow keys: < > Moves cursor one place to the left. Moves cursor one place to the right.
5.11.4 VERNIER ADJUSTMENT

Adjust the selected parameter with the UP and DOWN keys: UP DOWN Increments the parameter value by one digit. Decrements the parameter value by one digit.
Sustained pressure on either key gives continuous parameter adjustment.
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5.11.5 REMOTE CONTROL OF THE VERNIER

Vernier control of the generator parameters frequency, amplitude and bias is selected with the commands V0, V1 and V2. In reply to each of these commands the instrument outputs the present parameter value. The controller can then use the step vernier command SPF to increment or decrement the value accordingly. Vernier control of the plotter scaling values X-MIN, Y-MIN, X-MAX and Y-MAX is selected with the commands V3, V4, V5 and V6. In reply to each of these commands the instrument outputs the present parameter value followed by three strings of instructions, coded in HPGL. The controller uses the HPGL instructions to relay the parameter value, modified as necessary, to the plotter.
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Menu Terms
5.12
STATUS
The STATUS pages display control information not accessible under other control keys. Two leader pages [ STATUS 1 ] and [ STATUS 2 ] display the information sources; each source has available several pages of information. Pages are selected with NEXT and PREV. To return from an information page to a leader page, press ENTER.
5.12.1 [STATUS 1]
The Status 1 information appears under five headings: a) PROGRAM b) P c) INTFACE d) STORE e) FILE Learnt program memory. Microprocessor mode. GPIB and RS423 data ports. Control set-up store. History file.
5.12.1.1 PROGRAM
Learnt program status. (Three pages) Page 1: Capacity and Availabilty of Program Memory Battery-sustained memory PRG/FUNC MEMORY MAX= FREE= Non-volatile (power independent) memory NV PRG/FUNC MEMORY MAX= FREE= Number of blocks available for program storage.
Memory capacity, in blocks*
* Each block holds one instruction Page 2: Program Slots In Use in Battery-Sustained Memory Numbered program slots PROGRAM 1 LEARNT P 2 P 3 P 4 5 6 7 8 9
P=program learnt. Page 3: Program Slots In Use in Non-Volatile Program Memory Numbered program slots PROGRAM 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 LEARNT P P
P=program learnt.
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5.12.1.2 P
Microprocessor status. (Two pages.) Page 1:Microprocessor Operation PROCESSOR MODE NORMAL
Learn Program mode. Selected by the rear panel switch: SUPERVISOR All learn program facilities can be used, with all programs. NORMAL All learn program facilities can be used with programs 1 to 9. But facilities available with programs 10 and above are restricted to copy from and execute program. (This position is reserved for future use.)
LAST ERROR 00 00 00
Code numbers of last three errors detected.
OPERATOR
CALIBRATE is displayed when the calibrate mode is selected by an internal switch. Refer to the Maintenance Manual for details.
Page 2:Permitted range of last entered control parameter The values displayed are the upper and lower limits of the range. For example, after the entry of a frequency value this page would show: LAST LIMIT UPPER 32E+6
Upper limit (32MHz)
LOWER 10E-5
Lower limit (10 Hz)
5.12.1.3 INT.FACE
GPIB and RS 423 status. (Three pages.) Page 1: GPIB Status Talker/listener mode, operating state, and device address: GPIB MODE normal
GPIB mode, as set by rear panel TALK ONLY switch: NORMAL operation (TALK ONLY set to 0). The interface acts as a Talker or a listener, in accordance with the device address sent to it by the system controller. TALK ONLY operation (TALK ONLY set to 1). The interface acts as a Talker only. Used to drive a plotter or printer on the GPIB, without the aid of a controller.
STATE idle
ADDRESS 00/01
GPIB interface address, as set on the rear panel switches.
Operational state of GPIB interface: IDLE maj LACS maj TACS min LACS min TACS Interface idle. Listener active, major address. Talker active, major address Listener active, minor address Talker active, minor address 12600012_Gmacd/CB
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Menu Terms
Page 2: GPIB status Serial poll byte, parallel poll identity and sense, and control state: GPIB SER POLL 00000011 PAR POLL 1T CONTROL local
Serial poll status byte. Each bit represents a specific event, for which service may be requested. See Chap. 7, Section 6.1.
Parallel poll identity. See Section 8.2.1.
Poll sense, true (T) or false (F). See Section 8.2.2.
Control state of the impedance analyser, local or remote. See Chap. 7, Section 4.
Page 3: RS423 Status Baud rate: RS423 BAUD RATE 1200

Data transfer rate (bits per second), as set on BAUD RATE switch on rear panel.
5.12.1.4 STORE
Set-up stores in use. (Two pages.) Page 1: Control set-ups Stored in Battery-Sustained Memory Set-up stores SET-UPS STORED 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 5 6 7 8 9
S = set-up stored
Page 2: Control set-ups Stored in Non-Volatile Memory Set-up stores NV SET-UPS 10 STORED S 11 S 12 13 14 15 16
S = set-up stored
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5.12.1.5 FILE
History file status. (Two pages) Page 1: File Summary Number of measurements made, accepted (passed limits test) and filed: FILE SUMMARY READINGS 50 ACCEPTED 47 FILED 47
Number of measurements made, with [DATA OUTPUT] FILE set to all, fail, or pass, since file was last cleared.
Number of measurements that have passed the limits test.
Number of measurements filed.
Page 2: File Memory Capacity and availability of history file: FILE MEMORY MAX = 364 ALLOCATED =364 USED = 57
History file capacity in blocks (data slots). Value depends on the (FILE CONFIGURE] FORMAT setting, normal or group delay and on whether or not null or normalize is selected. (See Section 10.)
Number of blocks allocated to file. This is selected automatically, to be as big as possible.
Number of blocks containing a result.
5.12.2 [STATUS 2]
The Status 2 information appears under four headings: a) FUNCTION b) CONST c) RESULTS d) STATS Scaling functions. Scaling constants. Stored results. Statistics.
5.12.2.1 FUNCTION
Scaling function slots in use, and functions stored. (Twenty pages) Page 1: Function Slots In Use in Battery-Sustained Memory
Numbered function slots FUNCTION LEARNT 1 F 2 3 F 4 5 6 7 8 9
F = function learnt
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Page 2: Function Slots In Use in Non-Volatile Program Memory Numbered function slots NV FUNCTION 10 LEARNT 11 12 F 13 14 F 15 16 17 18
F = function learnt Page 3 to 20: Function stored
FUNCTION 1 V!^2
5.12.2.2 CONST
Scaling constant stores in use, and constants stored. (Ten pages.) Numbered constant slots CONSTANT ENTERED 1 C 2 3 C 4 5 6 7 8 9
C = constant entered. Pages 2 to 10: Constants Stored in Battery-Sustained Memory CONSTANT 1 a +1.35 Constant stored b -0.275
5.12.2.3 RESULTS
Results stores in use, and results stored. (Ten pages.) Page 1: Results Stored in Battery-Sustained Memory
Result stores RESULT STORED 1 R 2 3 R 4 5 6 7 8 9
R = result stored
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Page 2: Stored Results RESULT STORE 1 a = 13.567 g. delay = 5.3479ns b = 1.259
5.12.2.4 STATS
Statistics of measurements stored in history file. (Two pages) MEAN MINIMUM MAXIMUM
COUNT
STANDARD DEV
VARIANCE
The results from which the statistics are to be derived are selected as Par 1 or Par 2, from STATS in the FILE CONFIGURE menu. Par 1 and Par 2 are the displayed parameters, which, in turn, are selected from the DISPLAY menu. The statistics computed are the minimum and maximum values, the result count, i.e. the sample size n, and
MEAN =
i =1
i =n
xi = xmean n ( xi xmean ) n
2
VARIANCE =
i =1
i =n
STANDARD DEV =
2 i =n ( x x i mean ) n i =1
To ensure that the statistics are meaningful and accurate: 1. CLEAR the history file, from the VIEW FILE menu. 2. Make a series of measurements, ensuring they are stored in the history file. 3. Select the parameter from which the statistics are to be derived, from the DISPLAY and FILE CONFIGURE menus. 4. LIST the filed results, from the VIEW FILE menu. 5. Read the statistics from the STATS pages shown above. To derive the statistics of other parameters from the same measurements, repeat steps 3 through 5.
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5.13
STORE/RECALL
Control set-ups, and measurement results, can be stored in memory for later use.
5.13.1 [SET UP]

Sixteen locations are available for control set-ups. Control set-up action: STORE RECALL CLEAR Stores the present settings of all control parameters, in any free location from 1 through 16. (Stores 10 and 16 are in non-volatile (NV) memory.) Sets the control parameters in accordance with the contents of the specified store. Clears the specifed store.
5.13.2 [RESULT]
Nine locations are available for measurement results. Result storage is all that needs to be commanded. The stored values are used by FUNCTION in the [SCALE/LIMITS] menu (see Chapter 10) and are recalled automatically when scaling by a stored value is specified. STORE Stores the displayed result (derived from the last measurement or from filed data) in any free location from 1 to 9.
5.13.3 PROGRAM KEYSWITCH

The setting of the PROGRAM keyswitch on the rear panel determines the use of nonvolatile memory for control set-ups and measurement results. Two switch positions are used: a) SUPERVISOR b) NORMAL Control settings may be stored in, or recalled from, any location, from 1 through 16. All locations may be cleared. Control settings may be recalled from any location, but may be stored only in locations 1 through 9. Only locations 1 through 9 may be cleared. Reserved for future use.
c) OPERATOR
To set the instrument into the supervisor or normal mode, turn the key to the appropriate position and command BREAK. To protect the contents of the non-volatile memory, operate the instrument in the normal mode whenever possible.
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5.14
LEARN PROGRAM
LEARN PROGRAM allows the instrument to be programmed with a series of commands. A maximum of eighteen separate programs can be stored, and each is started from EXECUTE PROGRAM. See program STATUS (Section 12.1) for memory availability.
5.14.1 LEARN
Sets the instrument to memorize the commands. First enter a program number. Then, each command entered is stored as a program instruction. NV programs can not be learnt directly. Learn a program in the range 1 to 9 and then copy it to an NV program 10 to 18. QUIT When program entry is complete press QUIT.
5.14.2 EDIT
Allows a learnt program to be modified. First enter the program number. The first program instruction is then displayed and the following functions become available: INSERT Allows one or more instructions to be inserted between the displayed instruction and the instruction before it. Select the instruction you want displayed, with PREV or NEXT. To return to the edit level (as selected by the EDIT hard key) press the EDIT soft key. DELETE Deletes the displayed instruction. Select displayed instruction with PREV or NEXT. NEXT PREV QUIT Selects and displays the next instruction. Selects and displays the previous instruction. When editing is complete press QUIT.
To edit an NV program, copy it to program 1 to 9, edit it, clear the original NV program, and then copy the edited program back again.
5.14.3 CLEAR
Deletes the instructions stored under a selected program number. The number is then available for a new program.
5.14.4 COPY
Provides a complete copy of a selected program under another program number. Used with EDIT, this facility allows one program to be derived from another.
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The setting of the PROGRAM keyswitch on the rear panel determines the use of the non-volatile memory for learn programs. Two switch positions are used: a) SUPERVISOR b) NORMAL Learn programs may be stored in, or recalled from, any location, from 1 through 18. All locations may be cleared. Learn programs may be recalled from any location, but may be stored only in locations 1 through 9. Only locations 1 through 9 may be cleared. Reserved for future use.
c) OPERATOR
To set the instrument into the supervisor or normal mode, turn the key to the appropriate position and command BREAK. To protect the contents of the non-volatile memory, operate the instrument in the normal mode whenever possible. In particular, do not switch the instrument on or off when the keyswitch is in Supervisor mode
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5.15
SELF TEST
Under SELF TEST, four functions are available:
5.15.1 TEST
Checks the operation of the measurement hardware, the microprocessor, the keyboard, and the display. On entry, the microprocessor is tested first. Then a test is made on the display. The first stage of the display test starts immediately, but user action is required to progress through the remaining stages. The test sequence is: 1. Press TEST. 2. Press ENTER. 3. Press ENTER. 4. Press ENTER. All display elements light, and horizontal lines scroll down the display. Vertical lines run through each character in turn. The display elements light in sequence. The character set is displayed. The keyboard test is offered. Press any control key to display the command code associated with it. The number of keys tested in this way is recorded and displayed. Test complete. A successful test displays a PASS message and the software issue.
5. Press ENTER.
If the test was unsuccessful, a test failure message will be displayed. Some errors may be corrected from the front panel, as described below: PROG. MEMORY FAIL (?TS1 =1) : Try initialising memory. NV PROG. MEMORY FAIL (?TS1 = 2) : Problem may be caused by turning power off with unit in Supervisor mode. Fault can be cleared by pressing Initialise with the unit in Supervisor mode. SET-UP FAIL (?TS1 =1) : Try initialising memory. NVSETUP FAIL (?TS1 = 2) : Problem may be caused by turning power off with unit in Supervisor mode. Fault can be cleared by pressing Initialise with the unit in Supervisor mode. Once the remedial action has been taken, re-test the instrument using SELF-TEST-Test. If the fault persists, contact your Solartron Service Centre.
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5.15.2 INIT
Sets the control parameters to the default state, clears the history file, the result/control stores and learn program memory, and displays INITIALIZED. CAUTION: The content of the non-volatile stores and program memory is cleared if the PROGRAM keyswitch is set to SUPERVISOR when INIT(ialize) is commanded. In this case initialise takes several seconds.
5.15.3 RESET
Sets the control parameters to the default state and displays RESET. The data in useraccessible memory are left intact.
5.15.4 TIME
The internal clock stops whenever power is switched off and restarts from zero when power is restored, on reset, or initialize. Use TIME to set the clock. Enter HOURS first, then MINUTES.
5.15.5 ERRORBeep tone that draws attention to a displayed error message. [on] [off] Beep tone sounds briefly when message is -displayed. Beep tone off.
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6
Measurement Connections
Section Page
6.1 6.2
Introduction Analyzer Input Configurations

6.2.1 6.2.2 Single-ended Inputs Differential Inputs
6.3 6.3
6.3 6.4
6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
High Frequency Measurements Equivalent Circuits Basic Connections for In-circuit Impedance Measurements 6.5.1 Cable Lengths The Test Modules
6.6.1 6.6.1.1 6.6.1.2 6.6.1.3 6.6.2 12601A Component Test Module Component Clamps Fitting and Removing the Test Module Test Module Connections 12603A In-Circuit Test Module
6.5 6.6 6.7

6.7
6.8
6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.10
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6.1
INTRODUCTION
Connections to the item under test are made from BNC sockets on the instrument front panel. The GENERATOR output is connected to the input of the item under test, and three input channels, VOLTAGE 1, VOLTAGE 2, and CURRENT, are available for measuring the test response. Connections can be made directly to the front panel connectors, using suitably terminated screened leads. Or, for impedance measurements, connections can be made via a test module which fits over the connectors.
6.2
ANALYZER VOLTAGE INPUT CONFIGURATIONS

A menu of input configurations, available under the ANALYZER hard key, allows the analyzer inputs to be configured independently for single-ended or differential measurements, with the outer (screen) of the input leads grounded or floating. The connections and input configurations for typical applications are shown in Sections 2.1 and 2.2.
6.2.1
SINGLE-ENDED VOLTAGE INPUTS

Single-ended inputs may be used where the signals to be measured are referred to a general ground, such as the main chassis of the item under test. A typical application is shown in Fig. 6.1. The connections shown will allow the combined performance of amplifiers A1 and A2 to be measured. Alternatively, INPUT V1 Hi could be connected to test point TP2 to measure amplifier A2 only, or INPUT V2 Hi could be connected to TP2 to measure amplifier A1 only.
Figure 6.1 - Typical use of single-ended voltage inputs The connections made at the analyzer input for single-ended inputs, floating or grounded screen, are shown in Figure 6.2. These connections are made within the instrument and are selected from the INPUT V1 and INPUT V2 menu pages.
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A floating screen can accomodate a limited common mode signal from the item under test.
Figure 6.2 - Single-ended input configuration, with a) floating screen and b) grounded screen
6.2.2
DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE INPUTS

Differential inputs may be used where the signal to be measured has a reference point separate from the general ground. Such signals could appear: a) across an individual component or b) between a test point and signal ground, as in the example shown in Figure 6.3.
Figure 6.3 - Typical use of differential voltage inputs The analyzer inputs will tolerate a common mode signal of up to 5V. In the above example this would appear between test points TP4, 5, and 6, and the general ground. The generator output has a floating Lo (screen) which will tolerate 0.4V of ripple or dc potential from the general ground.
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The connections made for differential inputs, floating or grounded screen, are shown in Figure 6.4.
Figure 6.4 - Differential input configuration, with a) floating screen and b) grounded screen
6.3
HIGH FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS

For drive frequencies in the region of 1MHz and above, care must be taken to match the input and output impedances of the instrument and item under test with the impedance of the connecting cables (50). This is to avoid standing wave problems, which occur when the length of the connecting cables is about a quarter-wavelength of the drive signal frequency. Inputs are matched to the cable with 50 feedthrough terminators. The generator output, when driving a pair of inputs, is connected through a 50 power splitter. A typical application of these devices is shown in Figure 6.5.
Figure 6.5 - Typical connections for high frequency voltage measurements

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6.4
EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS
The equivalent circuits of the generator output and the analyzer inputs are given in Figures 6.6 and 6.7. These may be used when estimating loading effects on a) the item under test and b) the generator output.
Figure 6.6 - Equivalent circuit of generator output
Figure 6.7 - Equivalent circuit of analyzer input
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6.5
BASIC CONNECTIONS FOR IN-CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS

The basic connections for in-circuit impedance measurements are shown in figure 6.8. This is intended as a guide when connections are made other than through a test module, e.g. in automatic test systems. All circuit paths in parallel with the item under test, which have an external node, may be excluded from the measurement by virtual earth guarding. Simply connect each node to ground through the screens, as shown in figure 6.8.
Figure 6.8 - Connections to be made for in-circuit impedance measurements when not using the in-circuit test module For convenience two modules are available for impedance measurement. The 12603A is for in-circuit measurement, as shown in figure 6.8, while the 12601A is optimised for h.f. measurements on components. See section 6 for details.
6.5.1
CABLE LENGTHS
Accuracy may be degraded by long cable lengths. In particular, capacitance in the CURRENT and VOLTAGE 1 LO inputs will affect current measurement accuracy at h.f. so these cables should be kept as short as possible. Use the high current ranges (6mA or 60mA) above 1MHz as these are less affected. Best h.f. impedance measurements are obtained using the 12601A Test Module which minimises connection strays.
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6.6
THE TEST MODULES

Two types of impedance test module are available: the 12601A module, for testing loose components, and the 12603A module, for measuring components in-circuit. Both types are available as options.
6.6.1
12601A COMPONENT TEST MODULE

The 12601A component test module makes it easy to connect loose components to the instrument front panel terminals.
6.6.1.1 COMPONENT CLAMPS

Two types of component clamps are supplied with the module
One type of clamp is suitable for components with axial leads. To insert the component under test, simply grasp the leads firmly at either end and push them into the clamps. Note that the component clamps are labelled HI and LO. These labels refer to the Hi and Lo connectors of the Voltage 1 analyzer input. As shown in Section 6.1.3, the generator output is applied to the HI side of the item under test. When testing polarized components, make sure that you insert them the right way round. (Remember, the bias can be set either positive or negative.)
Axial lead component clamps can be inserted into the test module either way round. This allows connections to be made near to the lead entry points on both large and small components and minimizes errors due to lead impedance. The other type of clamp may be fitted for components with radial leads.
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6.6.1.2 FITTING AND REMOVING THE TEST MODULE
The test module fits onto the four upper BNC terminals on the instrument front panel and is locked onto these by a pair of lever-operated connectors.
To fit the module, set the levers to UNLOCK, push the module firmly onto the four upper connectors until resistance is met, and set the levers to LOCK. To remove the module, set the two levers to the UNLOCK position and pull the module carefully away from the front panel connectors.
6.6.2.1 TEST MODULE CONNECTIONS
The GEN OUTPUT drives a current through the component under test, into the CURRENT input. A voltage is thus developed across the component and is applied across the Hi and Lo terminals of the VOLTAGE 1 input. Ratios of the current and voltage values measured yield the impedance values.
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6.6.3
12603A IN CIRCUIT TEST MODULE

The 12603A test module allows components to be measured in-circuit. The effect of parallel component networks may be eliminated by using virtual earth guarding. The 12603A is not recommended for use above 1MHz.
A pair of component clamps on flying leads are fitted on either side of the component to be measured. Both guard clips are connected to the nodes surrounding the points of measurement. This largely eliminates the effect of parallel networks from the measurement result. The effect of guarding is, however, frequency dependent. Errors can occur towards the high end of the frequency range, particularly with capacitive parallel networks. The remedy is to reduce the measurement frequency until consistent results are obtained. Stray impedances that appear across the component to be measured may be nulled. See Chapter 5, Section 5.9.1.2. *See Section 2.1.1, regarding the testing of polarized components.
*See section 5.2.1.1, regarding the testing of polarized components.
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7
Remote Control: GPIB & RS423
Section
7.1 7.2 Introduction GPIB Interface 7.2.1 GPIB Capability Code
7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.3.1 7.2.3.2 7.2.3.3 7.2.3.4 7.2.4 7.2.4.1 7.2.4.2 7.2.4.3 7.2.5 7.2.5.1 7.2.5.2 7.2.5.3 7.2.6 7.2.7 GPIB Connector GPIB Switches Device Address Input Command Terminator Talk Only Example of GPIB Switch Settings Output to the GPIB ASCII Output to a Talk Only Device Normal ASCII Output (for Talker-listener Devices) GPIB Dump Output Serial Poll The Status Byte Service Request Enable Assigning Error Events Parallel Poll Summary of Commands for IEEE 488 Protocol Data Handshake Echo Input Command Terminator and Character Frame Serial Interface Connector Baud Rate Switches Output to Serial Interface ASCII Output to a Printer ASCII Output to a Controller Dump Output Dump Output Dump All Output Floating Point Format (Dump and Dump All Data) Local Lock-out Combined Use of RS423 and GPIB Devices Language Used in Program Examples Example: Outputting Readings to the GPIB Example: Plotting Results from the History File, Using a Controller Example: Outputting the History File to the GPIB
Page
7.3 7.3
7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.10
7.3
Serial Interface
7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.3.6 7.3.6.1 7.3.6.2 7.3.6.3
7.11
7.11 7.11 7.11 7.11 7.11 7.12 7 12 7.13 7.13 7.14 7.14 7.14 7.15
7.4
Dump Output Format, for RS423 and GPIB

7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3
7.5
Remote/Local Control
7.5.1 7.5.2
7.16
7.17 7.18
7.6
Control Program Examples

7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.6.4
7.19
7.19 7.19 7.20 7.20
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7.1
INTRODUCTION
The instrument is fitted, as standard, with a GPIB interface and an RS423 interface, for communication with remote devices. Full control and data input/output is possible through the GPIB. RS423 is intended mainly for data output to a printer, VDU, etc, but, if the user is fully conversant with RS423 protocol, limited control of the instrument may, in some cases, be possible.
7.2
GPIB INTERFACE
The GPIB Interface conforms to the IEEE 488,1978 standard. The complete standard is published by the IEEE under the title: IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation. A useful introduction to the theory of the GPIB is given in the Solartron monograph: Plus Bus - the Solartron GP-IB.
7.2.1
GPIB CAPABILITY CODE

The GPIB Interface in the instrument conforms to the following sub-functions within the standard, as listed on the rear panel: SH1 AH1 T5 TE0 L4 LE0 SR1 RL1 PP2 DC1 C0 DT0 E1 Source handshake. Acceptor handshake. Basic talker,. serial poll, talk only selectable, unaddressed if MLA (My Listener Address). No extended talker capabilitv Basic listener, no listen only mode, unaddressed if MTA (My Talker Address). No extended listener capability. Complete service request capability. Complete remote/local capability, with local lock-out. Parallel poll with local configuration. Complete device clear capability, including selective device clear. No controller capability. No device trigger capability. Open collector drivers:
7.2.2
GPIB CONNECTOR
Connection to the GPIB is made via the 24-way connector on the IEEE 488/GPIB interface. See Fig. 7.1. The pin connections conform to the IEEE 488, 1978 standard.
Figure 7.1 - GPIB interface
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7.2.3
GPIB SWITCHES
Some interface functions are set by miniature toggle switches on the rear panel of the instrument. These functions are described below. (The remaining interface functions are set from the [GPIB CONFIGURE] menu.) The GPIB switches are shown in Fig 7.2. These switches must be set before the instrument can be used in a GPIB system.
Figure 7.2 - GPIB switches. (All switches shown in off position.) Once the switches have been set the instrument must read them, so that their settings can be implemented. The switches are read automatically at power-on, or on INITIALIZE, RESET, or BREAK. Power-on and BREAK leave other control settings unchanged, whilst INITIALIZE and RESET return them to the default state. The GPIB switch functions are described in Sections 7.2.3.1 to 7.2.3.4 below.
7.2.3.1 Device Address

The ADDRESS switches select the GPIB address of the instrument. To avoid problems associated with mixing binary and ASCII information two GPIB ports are provided. One port is used for for ASCII commands and data and the other for high speed binary dump output. The two ports are serviced through the same GPIB connector, but each has its own software address. The address of the ASCII input/output port is the major address. This address must always be an even number, so always set the left-hand 1 switch to the off position. The odd-numbered address immediately following a major address is the minor address and is assigned automatically to the binary port.
7.2.3.2 Input Command Terminator

Use switches F1 and F2 to select the terminator that the instrument is to recognise for GPIB commands:
F1
off on off on
F2
off off on on
Terminator Selected
lf (line feed) cr (carriage return) ; (semicolon) EOI (End or Identify signal)
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EOI is one of the five GPIB management lines. Some controllers automatically assert EOI accompanied by a command terminator. In this case, select EOI with switches F1 and F2. If the controller itself offers a choice of command terminator, choose carriage return, line feed, or semicolon: this prevents command data being lost or corrupted. Any command terminator other than the one selected is ignored by the instrument. The command terminator selected should agree with that used by the GPIB controller. Details of the command terminator should appear in the controller handbook
7.2.3.3 Talk Only

Choose between talk only and talker/listener operation with the TALK ONLY switch:
Talk only ON. The instrument can act as a talker only, to drive a listen-only device, such as a plotter, without the aid of a GPIB controller.
Talk only OFF. The instrument can act as either a listener or a talker, as commanded by the GPIB controller.
7.2.3.4 Example of GPIB Switch Settings
The major address is 12. The minor address is therefore 13. The command terminator is a semicolon. The GPIB mode is talker/listener.
7.2.4
OUTPUT TO THE GPIB

The output of measurement results to the GPIB is controlled by the [DATA OUTPUT] GPIB setting (Chapter 5, Section 8.1). All, fail, and pass results are output in ASCII, and dump results in binary. The ASCII output can be selected for either a talk only device, such as a printer, or a talker-listener device, such as a GPIB controller. Binary data can be interpreted only by a controller, but can be stored, on disk for example, for subsequent controller processing.
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7.2.4.1 ASCII Output to a Talk Only Device

When the instrument is set for talk only operation (TALK ONLY switch set to ON) the format of ASCII data output to the GPIB is the same as for data output to an RS423 printer. (See Section 7.3.6.1 below.) This format is suitable for GPIB listen only devices such as printers or VDUs. Column headings are selected on or off from [FORMAT] HEADING, as for RS423 devices. The same setting applies to both RS423 and GPIB devices.
7.2.4.2 Normal ASCII Output (for Talker-Listener Devices)

When the instrument is set for talker-listener operation (TALK ONLY switch set to OFF) data are output to the GPIB in a compressed form, suitable for interpretation by a GPIB controller. Each parameter, except frequency, is represented by an eleven character field, containing a five-digit fixed point part and a two-digit exponent: 5-digit fixed point part with polarity sign. Exponent, including 2digit number and polarity sign.
a.aaaaEff
Decimal point always here.
Frequency is represented by a fourteen character field, containing an eight digit fixed point part: 8-digit fixed point part with polarity sign. Exponent, including 2digit number and polarity sign.
f.fffffff Eff
Decimal point always here.
A complete reading takes the form: Variable Parameter 1 Parameter 2 Error Code Limits Code cr
The error code is represented by a single digit; only the last digit of a Group 8 error code is reported. The output separator is shown as a comma, and the output terminator is carriage return. The limits code represents a limits check: 00 = pass; -1 = Lo; +1 = Hi. The output separator and terminator are selected from the [GPIB CONFIGURE] menu. No headings are available and the last result is not re-output after menu changes. Use the DO remote command to read the last result again, e.g. after changing the DISPLAY SOURCE.
7.2.4.3 GPIB Dump Output

Dump output gives the fastest output data rate. Each parameter is represented by a 32bit floating point number whose format conforms to the ANSI/IEEE Standard 754 (see Section 7.4.3). 7-6
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The full precision of the frequency setting cannot be represented in the 4-byte version of the IEEE 754 format. So, if full precision is required, a separate FR? command should be sent. The frequency can then be read in ASCII format. No separators or terminators are used, as they cannot be distinguished from binary data. However, if the output terminator selected from [GPIB CONFIGURE] is either cr + EOI or cr, lf + EOI, then the GPIB signal EOI (End or Identify) is asserted with the last byte. The output rate is the same as that of the ASCII port, approximately 1 byte per millisecond, but the data is compressed. Also, the instruments internal computation time is much less. No headings are available and the last result is not re-output after menu changes. Use the DO remote command to read the last result again, e.g. after changing the DISPLAY SOURCE.
7.2.5
SERIAL POLL
The instrument can be configured to request service from a GPIB controller when a particular event has occurred, e.g. on end of sweep, or data ready. The controller may then conduct a serial poll to find the source of the request. In a serial poll the controller examines the status byte of each device in turn.
7.2.5.1 The Status Byte

The status byte register (read only) holds the status of all events for which it is possible to request service. The status byte can be read by a serial poll command (which clears the RQS bit) or by an *STB? command (which leaves the byte unchanged). The status byte register is cleared by the commands break (BK), clear status (*CLS), reset (*RST) initialize (TT1) and reset (TT2), and on power-up.
128 END OF FILE 64 RQS 32 ESB 16 MAV 8 END OF PLOT 4 END OF SWEEP 2 END OF MEASURE 1 END OF PROGRAM
The significance of these bits is as follows:
Bit
128
Event
End of file
Comments
Set when the end of file is reached, either after a list file command or when filing data. Cleared by the list file command, the clear file command, or by adding more data to the file (except when file is full). Request service. Set when there is a correspondence between one or more of the bits set in the status byte register and one or more of the bits set in the service request enable register. Cleared by a serial poll or an *SREn command.
64
RQS
(Continued overleaf)
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Bit
32
Event
ESB
Comments
Event status byte. Set when there is a correspondence between one or more of the bits set in the event status register and one or more of the bits set in the event status enable register. Cleared by an *ESEn command. Measurement (or message) available. Set when there are data available to be read. The data may be measurement results, parameter query replies or anything being output to the GPIB. Cleared when the data are read. Set at the end of a plot. Cleared when a new plot is started. Set at the end of a sweep. Cleared when a new sweep is started. Set when a measurement is completed. Cleared when a new measurement is started. Set when a learnt program is completed. Cleared when a new program is started.
16
MAV
8 4 2 1
End of plot End of sweep End of measure End of program
7.2.5.2 Service Request Enable

The instrument can be enabled to request service (and set the RQS bit) for one or more specified events. (Alternatively, if several of the status bits must be monitored simultaneously, the controller can be programmed to poll the status byte continually.) To enable a service request send the remote command *SREn. This sets the number n (in the range 0 to 255) into the service request enable register. n represents an event, or combination of events, for which service is to be requested. For example, n = 8 (STB 00001000) results in a service request at the next end of plot (see Fig 7.3).
SERVICE REQUEST ENABLE MASK (set-up code = *SRE8)
128 END OF FILE
64 RQS
32 ESB
16 MAV
8 END OF PLOT
4 END OF SWEEP
2 END OF MEASURE
1 END OF PROGRAM
STATUS BYTE SERVICE REQUEST
Figure 7.3 - Setting up a service request for end of plot
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Once the instrument has requested service, the service request enable register must be set up again before another request can be made. The command *SREn with which this is done also resets the RQS bit (bit 64) in the status register. The service request enable register can be read with the command *SRE?
7.2.5.3 Assigning Error Events

The error bit in the status byte register may have assigned to it any combination of the events stored in the event status register (ESR). This register (read only) can be read with the command *ESR? Error events are assigned by setting the appropriate bit(s) in the event status enable register (ESE) with the command *ESEn. See the example in Fig 7.4. The event status register is cleared by the commands break (BK), event status enable (*ESEn), event status query (*ESR?), clear status (*CLS), reset (*RST), initialize (TTl) and reset (TT2), and on power-up. The command *ESEn also resets the ESB bit (bit 32) in the status byte register. Remember that if an interrupt is required for the error event(s) then the error bit in the service request enable mask must be set to 1 (*SRE32).
EVENT STATUS ENABLE (set-up code = *ESE17)
128 POWER ON
64 USER REQUEST
32 COMPD ERROR
16 EXEC ERROR
8 DEV DEP ERROR
4 QUERY ERROR
2 REQUEST CONTROL
1 OPERAT COMPL
EVENT STATUS REGISTER

Whichever of these bits is set first sets the error bit in the status byte register
Figure 7.4 - Assigning execution error and operation complete to the status byte error bit The significance of the event bits is as follows:
Bit
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Power On User Request Command Error Execution Error Device Dependent Error Query Error
Event
Set when the power supply has been switched off and on. Not used. Set by Error 01 and Error 02. Set by Error 03 and Error 61. Set by any other errors or warnings.
Set if an attempt is made to read non-existent data, or if a reading is aborted before all data is read. Request Control Not used. Operation Complete Set when the instrument has completed an operation. This bit must first be enabled by an operation complete (*OPC) command.
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7.2.6
PARALLEL POLL
The instrument can be configured to give a parallel poll true/false response on a selected GPIB data line, to indicate whether or not the instrument is requesting service. However, the instrument must first be configured for serial poll (see Section 7.2.5.1 above). To set up a parallel poll configuration send the remote command PPn, where n is an integer from 1 to 8 defining which GPIB data line is to carry the response. Setting PARALLEL POLL to zero or sending PP0 unconfigures parallel poll. To select the sense of the parallel poll line send the remote command PSn, where n = 1 signifies true and n = 0 signifies false. The parallel poll response is also cleared by any change to the SERIAL POLL value, by any BREAK action-key selection, and by power-off. Unlike serial poll, parallel poll need not be reconfigured after each service request. It is, however, cleared by the command *SREn.
7.2.7
SUMMARY OF COMMANDS FOR IEEE 488 PROTOCOL

The following commands are supported by the instrument for IEEE 488 protocol:
Cmd
*RST *CLS *STB? *SREn *SRE? *ESR? *ESEn *ESE? *OPC *IDN? *TST?
Action
Reset command, equivalent to the break command (BK). Clears the status byte register and the event status register. Any *OPC command is cancelled Queries the status byte register, leaving it unchanged. Sets the service request enable register to the bit pattern corresponding to n. Queries the service request enable register, leaving it unchanged. Queries the event status register, clearing it in the process. Sets the event status enable register to the bit pattern corresponding to n. Queries the event status enable register, leaving it unchanged. Enables the instrument to set the operation complete bit in the event status register when the idle state is next entered. Instrument outputs the identifier string 1260 IMPEDANCE ANALYZER, SOLARTRON, 0, 0 Starts a self test, on completion of which the instrument outputs the result: 0 for fail or 1, for pass. The front panel is left in self test mode, scrolling the rows. The next command clears this, or the operator can clear it by keying ENTER twice. Recalls a stored setup. Equivalent action to the RSI command. Stores the present setup. Equivalent action to the SSI command.
*RCLn *SAVn
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7.3
SERIAL INTERFACE
The serial interface is suitable for use with printers, display units and keyboards compatible with RS232 and RS423.
7.3.1
DATA HANDSHAKE
The instrument supports XON/XOFF data handshake. The.ASCII commands XON (transmit on) and XOFF (transmit off) are recognised when outputting data to an external device. These commands are equivalent to the ASCII device control characters DC1 and DC3. The instrument also asserts XOFF when it is busy, and XON when it is free. Full information is given in the standards: American National Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) X3.4 1977 BS 4730; The United Kingdom 7-bit data code (ISO-7-UK) February 1974, Section 5.3 CCITT Volume VIII. 1 Recommendation V3 International Alphabet No. 5.
7.3.2
ECHO
The instrument echoes all characters received by the serial interface, unless the echo function is disabled. (See Chapter 5, Section 5.8.3.)
7.3.3
INPUT COMMAND TERMINATOR AND CHARACTER FRAME

Valid command terminators for the serial interface are carriage return, line feed, or semicolon. The character frame always contains one start bit, eight data bits, one stop bit and no parity.
7.3.4
SERIAL INTERFACE CONNECTOR

Connection to RS423 devices is made via the 25-way sub-miniature D-type connector on the serial interface. See Fig. 7.5. The pin functions are. shown in the connector detail.
7.3.5
BAUD RATE SWITCHES

The Baud rate of the serial interface is set by miniature toggle switches on the rear panel of the instrument. This function is described below. The remaining interface functions are set from the [RS 423 CONFIGUREI menu (Chapter 5, Section 5.8.3). Set the RS423 baud rate to the required value (from 110 to 9600) by means of the 8way BAUD RATE switch (Fig. 7.5). Only one of the eight switches should be set in the down position, under the required baud rate.
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Pin 1 = Ground Pin 2 = Serial Data to instrument Pin 3 = Serial Data from instrument
Pin 4 = RTS (Request to Send) Pin 5 = CTS (Clear to Send) Pin 6 = DSR (Data Set Ready)
Pin 7 = Ground Pin 8 = DCD (Data Carrier Detect) Pin 20 = DTR (Data Terminal Ready)
Figure 7.5 - Serial interface (on instrument rear panel)
7.3.6
OUTPUT TO THE SERIAL INTERFACE

The output of measurement results to the serial interface is controlled by the [DATA OUTPUT] RS423 setting (Chapter 5, Section 5.8 1). All, fail, and pass results are output in ASCII, and dump results in binary The ASCII output can be selected for either a printer or a controller. Binary data can be interpreted only by a controller.
7.3.6.1 ASCII Output to a Printer

The printer format, selected from [RS423 CONFIGURE] MODE, is suitable for an 80 (or more) character-per-line printer. The results are separated by spaces, a complete result taking the form: Variable Par. 1 Par. 2 Limits Check/Bin No Channel and error Time.
Each measurement result is terminated by an output terminator, selected from [RS423 CONFIGURE] TERM (Chapter.5, Section 5.8.3). Two of the terminators available include five null characters. These characters give a mechanical printer time to complete a carriage return, before receiving the next result. The exact content of the results output depends on the DISPLAY menu (Chapter 5, Section 5.5.4). Column headings may be printed, or not, as selected by [FORMAT] HEADING on or off. Typical headings are: FREQUENCY CAPACITOR (Hz) (F) PARALLEL R. LIMIT (ohms) CHECK CHANNEL & ERROR TIME
Column headings and results are automatically re-output when menu changes are made that affect their validity, e.g. changing the DISPLAY [COORDINATES] from r, to a,b.
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7.3.6.2 ASCII Output to a Controller

The controller format, selected from [RS 423 CONFIGURE] MODE, is the same as that of the ASCII output to a talker/listener on the GPIB (see Section 7.2.4.2). The output terminator and separator are selected from the [R5423 CONFIGURE] menu (Chapter 5, Section 5.8.3). Headings are not output when the controller format is selected, and the last result is not re-output after menu changes. Use the DO remote command to read the last result again, e.g. after changing the display source.
7.3.6.3 Dump Output

In dump output, selected from the [DATA OUTPUT] menu, each measurement result is output in binary form. No headings are available and the last result is not re-output after menu changes. Use the DO remote command to read the last result again, e.g. after changing the DISPLAY SOURCE. No separators or terminators are available, as they cannot be distinguished from binary data.
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7.4
DUMP OUTPUT FORMAT, for RS423 and GPIB

There are two types of dump output, dump and dump all. The binary numbers which make up these outputs are all in IEEE 754 standard format.
7.4.1
DumpOutput
For each measurement the dump output produces three floatingpoint numbers:
ffff
aaaa bbbb e l
measurement frequency in-phase component of the displayed result quadrature component of the displayed result single byte error code single byte limits code
The coordinates available for the dump output are selected from the DISPLAY menu. The single byte limit code (in 2s complement form) represents the result of a limits check: 1 = Hi, -1 (= 255, or FFH) = Lo, and 0 = pass.
7.4.2
Dump All Output

For each measurement the dump all output produces nine floating point numbers:
ffff
nnnn1 nnnn2 aaaa1, bbbb1 e aaaa2, bbbb2 e aaaa2, bbbb2 e
the measurement frequency the generator amplitude the generator bias the in-phase and quadrature components of the Voltage 1 input single byte error code the in-phase and quadrature components of the Voltage 2 input single byte error code the in-phase and quadrature components of the Current input single byte error code
The only coordinates available for the dump all output are a,jb.
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7.4.3
FLOATING POINT FORMAT (Dump and Dump All Data)

The floating point format conforms to the ANSI / IEEE Standard 754. It consists of a 4-byte (32 bit) floating point number, as shown below:
1 S msb
8 bits EXPONENT e lsb msb
23 bits FRACTION f lsb
S = Sign bit msb = most significant bit lsb = least significant bit
The value of the number is (-1)S 2e-127 (1.f) provided that 0< e <255 NOTE: 1. A zero sign bit indicates a positive number, a 1 sign bit indicates a negative number. 2. If e = 0 and f = 0,the value of the floating point number is zero. 3. If e = 255 and f = 0, the value of the floating point number is
EXAMPLE: Converting a 4-byte floating point number to decimal. Byte 1 contains Byte 2 contains Byte 3 contains Byte 4 contains 010000012 (most significant byte) 110000002 000000002 000000002 (least significant byte)
Arranged with the most significant byte on the left and the least significant byte on the right, these bytes form the following binary number: EXPONENT e Sign bit 0 10000011 FRACTION f 10000000000000000000000
From this: The sign bit value of 0 indicates that the number is positive The exponent value of 100000112 = 13110 represents an exponent of: 2131-127 = 24 = 1610 The fraction part = 1.f 2 = 1.10000000000000000000000 2 = 1.5 2 Therefore the decimal equivalent of the floating point number is 1.5 x 16 = + 24
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7.5
REMOTE/LOCAL CONTROL
The REMOTE/LOCAL facility enables the instrument to receive commands from either a remote or a local source. The remote facility is provided by the GPIB interface and has priority over local control. The instrument offers two forms of local control: Local 1 Commands accepted from the instrument front panel and/or from the serial interface. The two sources have equal priority. Local 2 Commands accepted from the RS423 port only. No settings can be changed from the front panel, but the LOCAL key and the ON/OFF switch are still operative. The Menu keys can be used to examine, but not alter, the state of the controls.
Figure 7.6 - REMOTE/LOCAL state diagram
The instrument powers up in LOCAL 1. Many GPIB controllers, however, automatically assert remote on power-up, in preparation for remotely controlling the system. Therefore, if the instrument is used in such a system it may be necessary to press the LOCAL key to allow local commands to be accepted. Figure 7.6 shows how the instrument control state is selected. The program instructions for selecting LOCAL and REMOTE from the GPIB can be found in the GPIB controller operating manual. Note that a command to Go to Local reselects the local state in use prior to the selection of REMOTE.
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7.5.1
LOCAL LOCKOUT
The remote/local facility can have a local lockout condition superimposed by a command from the GPIB controller. Once local lockout is applied, control can be transferred only by the controller.
Figure 7.7 - State diagram of remote/local control with local lockout.

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Local lockout prevents the control settings of the instrument being altered by unauthorized use of the front panel. Fig. 7.7 shows the relationship of local lockout to the remote and local states previously shown in Fig. 7.6. As in Fig. 7.6, a GO TO LOCAL command from the controller reselects the local state previously in use. The local lockout state is cancelled when the REMOTE ENABLE signal from the controller is negated, i.e. when the controller sends NOT REN.
7.5.2
COMBINED USE OF RS423 AND GPIB DEVICES

The instrument can be used in a system containing both GPIB and RS423 compatible devices. For example, the GPIB controller could be a calculator with no recording capability, whilst the RS423 device could be a tape cassette unit, or a printer with no keyboard. Data requested by the GPIB controller, e.g. measurement results, are output also through the serial interface, provided that DATA OUTPUT for RS423 is enabled. Conversely, if the instrument is set to talk only, and is connected to a listen only printer or plotter, data requested through the serial interface is sent also to the GPIB, provided that DATA OUTPUT for the GPIB is enabled. However, if the instrument is set for operation as a talker/listener, data requested through the serial interface does not appear on the GPIB.
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7.6
CONTROL PROGRAM EXAMPLES

To demonstrate the use of the GPIB port for remote control of the instrument, several examples are given of GPIB Controller programs. Each example is written as a series of abbreviated commands, including some BASIC programming language instructions. The programs are representational only and are not necessarily suitable for directly programming a Controller.
7.6.1
LANGUAGE USED IN PROGRAM EXAMPLES

The examples are intended to show the required sequence of events, as they affect the controls of the instrument. Other GPIB commands, such as Enable Signals and Addressing, are omitted. The most commonly used instructions are listed below, with a full explanation of their meaning.
Instruction
OUTPUT INPUT INPUT A PRINT FREQUENCY =, A DIM A$(100)
Meaning
Send to the instrument the string of characters within the inverted commas, plus a Command Terminator. Receive data from the instrument Receive data from the instrument and store it in location A. Print the statement: Frequency = the value stored in location A. The Controller is instructed to allocate sufficient temporary store space to accomodate a maximum of 100 character strings. A string could consist of a Learnt Program Command, a stored reading from the file etc. The store area is given the name A$. This is a loop instruction telling the controller to store each line of the instruments output in area A$, from line 1 to the final line N. The loop instruction terminates when I = N
FOR I = 1 TO N INPUT A$(I) NEXT I
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7.6.2
EXAMPLE: Outputting Readings to the GPIB

The use of comma as separator and crlf as terminator is assumed.
Instruction
OUTPUT CV0 OUTPUT OP2,1 OUTPUT SI INPUT F,A,B,E,L PRINT FREQ = , F PRINT a = , A PRINT b = , B PRINT error = , E PRINT Limit check = , L
Meaning
Select co-ordinates a,b Send all readings to the GPIB Make a Single measurement Store the results of the measurement Print the results of the measurement
Note that the results sent to the GPIB ASCII port are from the same source channel and have the same co-ordinates as the results displayed on the Front Panel.
7.6.3
EXAMPLE: Plotting Results from the History File, Using a Controller

First set up the sweep and plotter parameters of the instrument, using the OUTPUT command statement. The commands are listed in Chapter 8. The controller program should now continue:
Instruction
OUTPUT *SRE4 OUTPUT RE OUTPUT *SRE8 OUTPUT PL
Meaning
Configure for interrupt at end of sweep. Start repetitive measurements (Wait for interrupt) Configure SRQ for end of plot Start plot. (Configure instrument to talk and plotter to listen.) (Wait for interrupt.)
7.6.4
EXAMPLE: Outputting the History File to the GPIB

Instruction
OUTPUT *FP0? INPUT N DIM A$(N) OUTPUT OP2,1 OUTPUT FO FOR I = 1 to N INPUT A$(I) NEXT I
Meaning
Query number of lines in File N = number of lines in File Allocate temporary store space Output all readings to GPIB List File Start plot. Store all readings from File until I = N
7-20
12600012_Gmacd/CB
8
Remote Commands
Section Page Section Page
8.1 8.2 8.3
Introduction Command Syntax
8.1 8.2
Query Commands: Analyzer View File Program Self Test Firmware Calibration Statistics Calibration Commands 8.12 8.12 8.12 8.12 8.12 8.13 8.13 8.13 8.14
Command Summary 8.3

Generator Monitor Analysis Input V1 Input V2 Input I Sweep Sweep Limits Display Plotter Plotter Scaling Plot Plotter X-axis Plotter Y-axis, Main Plotter Y-axis, Overlay Data Output GPIB Configure IEEE 488 Protocol RS423 Configure File Configure Scaling Limits Binsort A Binsort B View File Vernier Status Store/Recall Learn Program Self Test Execute Program Mini-status Direct Actions: 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.10 8.10 8.10 8.10 8.11 8.11 8.11 8.11 8.12 8.12 8.12 8.12
Command Index
12600012_Gmacd/CB
8-1
Remote Commands
8.1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter lists the instrument remote commands. The commands are the same for RS423 and GPIB-operation. They are presented in menu order to relate to Chapter 5, Menu Terms.
8.2
COMMAND SYNTAX
The majority of codes are qualified by a numeric argument. In the following lists: F is a floating point number n.nnnnnnn E xx, I is an integer up to 2 digits, I,I is two integers of up to 2 digits each, separated by a comma. Default settings are shown in italics. Including a query (?) with a command code, in any position, returns the associated parameter setting. Additional query commands are available for examining control information not accessible in this way.
8.3
COMMAND SUMMARY
The command summary appears on pages 8.3 through 8.13.
8-2
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Remote Commands
Parameter
GENERATOR TYPE FREQ V. AMPL V. BIAS I. AMPL I. BIAS Waveform (For test and cal. purposes only.) MONITOR ENABLE
Command
GT FR F VA F VB F IA F IB F WF I
Argument
0 1 10E-6 to 32E6 0 to 3 (f10MHz) 0 to 1 (f>10MHz) -40.95 to +40.95 0 to 60 x10-3 (f10MHz) -3 0 to 20 x10 (f>10MHz) -100 x 10-3 to +100 x 10-3 0 1
Setting
voltage current hertz volts volts volts amps amps amps sine square
ME I
V. LIMIT I. LIMIT ERROR% ANALYSIS TIME DELAY AUTO
VC F IC F AE F
0 1 2 0 to 3 (f10MHz) 0 to 1 (f>10MHz) -3 0 to 60 x10 (f10MHz) 0 to 20 x10-3 (f>10MHz) 1 to 50
monitor off monitor V1 monitor I volts volts amps amps %
IS F MS F AU I
0.01 to 1E5 0 to 1E5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 0 to 50 0 to 50
seconds seconds off long on V1 short on V1 long on V2 short on V2 long on I short on I normal group delay* auto impedance + %FREQ - %FREQ
8-3
MODE
MD I
*group delay %
GP F GN F
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Remote Commands
Parameter
INPUT V1 RANGE
Command
RA I,I
Argument
1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,0 1,1 1,0 1,1 1,0 1,1 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,0 2,1 2,0 2,1 2,0 2,1 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,0 3,1 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 to 50 x 103 2 to 50 x 103 1 x 10-5 to 20 x 106
Setting
auto 30mV 300 mV 3V dc ac single differential grounded floating auto 30mV 300 mV 3V dc ac single differential grounded floating auto 6A 60A 600A 6mA 60mA dc ac off lin freq log freq amplitude bias up down points/sweep points/sweep units/step
12600012_Gmacd/CB
COUPLING INPUT OUTER INPUT V2 RANGE
DC I,I IP I,I OU I,I
RA I,I
COUPLING INPUT OUTER INPUT I RANGE
DC I,I IP I,I OU I,I
RA I,I
COUPLING SWEEP ENABLE
DC I,I
SW I
UP/DOWN LOG LIN
SD I SF F LF F HF F
8-4
Remote Commands
Parameter
SWEEP LIMITS FREQ V. AMPL
Command
FM F FX F VM F VX F
Argument
10E-6 to 32E6 10E-6 to 32E6 0 to 3 (f10MHz) 0 to 1 (f>10MHz) 0 to 3 (f10MHz) 0 to 1 (f>10MHz) -40.95 to +40.95 -40.95 to +40.95 -3 0 to 60 x 10 (f10MHz) 0 to 20 x 10-3 (f>10MHz) 0 to 60 x 10-3 (f10MHz) -3 0 to 20 x 10 (f>10MHz) -100 x 10-3 to +100 x 10-3 -100 x 10-3 to +100 x 10-3 0 1 2 0,n 1,0 2,0 1,2 2,1 3,0 1,3 3,1 2,3 3,2 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1
Setting
min. freq, hertz max. freq, hertz min. ampl, volts min. ampl, volts max. ampl, volts max. ampl, volts min. bias, volts max. bias, volts amps amps amps amps amps amps frequency amplitude bias FUNCTION (n) V1 V2 V1/V2 V2/V1 I Z1=V1/I Y1=I/V1 Z2=V2/I Y2=I/V2 a,b r, r(dB), r,t r(dB),t a,b r, r(dB), r,t r(dB),t L (orC),R L (orC),Q L (orC),D a,b r,
8-5
V. BIAS I. AMPL
BM F BX F IM F IX F
I. BIAS DISPLAY VARIABLE
QM F QX F VI I
Source
SO I,I
V coordinates
CV I
Func. coordinates
FV I
I coordinates
CI I
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Remote Commands
Parameter
DISPLAY (Cont.) Z coordinates
Command
CZ I
Argument
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4
Setting
R,X Z, L (orC),R L (orC),Q L (orC),D G,B Y, L (orC),R L (orC),Q L (orC),D normal unwrapped off on series L,R series C,R parallel L,R parallel C,R auto clear point vector off on off on off on HPGL ESGL
Y coordinates
CY I
PHASE ERROR BEEP CIRCUIT
UW I BP I CC I
(error message) PLOTTER MODE TEXT GRID AXES DEVICE PLOTTER SCALING SIZE
CL VE I PT I GD I PA I PD I 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
AA I
X-MIN X-MAX Y-MIN Y-MAX PLOTTER TITLE
XB F XT F YB F YT F TI text
0 1 2 0 to 32000 0 to 32000 0 to 32000 0 to 32000
A4 A3 scaled
8-6
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Remote Commands
Parameter
PLOT PLOTTER X-AXIS ITEM
Command
PL
Argument
Setting
XI I
LIMITS MINIMUM MAXIMUM LIN/LOG
XL I XM0, F XM1, F XZ I
PEN PLOTTER Y-AXIS MAIN ITEM
XP I
0 1 2 0 1 15 -999 x 10 to +999 x 1015 -999 x 1015 to +999 x 1015 0 1 2 1 to 9
variable par 1 par 2 auto manual
auto linear log pen ( )
YI I
LIMITS MINIMUM MAXIMUM LIN/LOG
YL I YM0, F YM1, F YZ I
PEN PLOTTER Y-AXIS OVERLAY ITEM
YP I
0 1 2 0 1 15 -999 x 10 to +999 x 1015 15 15 -999 x 10 to +999 x 10 0 1 2 1 to 9
variable par 1 par 2 auto manual
OI I
LIMITS
OL I
MINIMUM MAXIMUM LIN/LOG
OM0, F OM1, F OZ I
PEN
VP I
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 15 -999 x 10 to +999 x 1015 -999 x 1015 to +999 x 1015 0 1 2 1 to 9
off variable par 1 par 2 auto manual same as main
12600012_Gmacd/CB
8-7
Remote Commands
Parameter
DATA OUTPUT RS423
Command
OP I,I
Argument
1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 0 1 0 1 to 8 o 1 0 1 2 3 0 1
Setting
off all fail pass dump dump all off all fail pass dump dump all plotter off all fail pass off on unconfigure device identity false true cr lf cr lf+EOI cr cr+EOI comma terminator
GPIB
OP I,I
FILE
OP I,I
HEADING GPIB CONFIGURE PAR ROLL P SENSE TERM
RH I
PP I PS I OT I
SEP IEEE 488 Protocol Clear status. Event status enable. Event status enable? Event status register? Device identity string? Learn device set-up? Enable oper`n complete. Recall set-up. Reset. Store set-up. Service request enable. Service request enable? Read status byte query. Self test query.
8-8
OS I
*CLS *ESE I *ESE? *ESR? *IDN? *LRN? *OPC *RCL *RST *SAV *SRE I *SRE? *STB? *TST?
0 to 255
configure query query return errors
0 to 255 query query returns test result
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Remote Commands
Parameter
RS423 CONFIGURE MODE ECHO TERM
Command
Argument
Setting
RR I EC I RT I
SEP XOFF/XON FILE CONFIGURE FORMAT CLEAR STATUS SCALING NORM.
RP I XO I
0 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 0 1
controller printer off on cr lf cr lf and null cr cr and null comma terminator enable disable
FG I MC I SX I
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 1 to 9 0 1 -999x1015 to +999x1015 1 to 18 1 to 18 0 1 2 1 to 9
normal group delay auto manual par 1 par 2 off on evaluate off on evaluate constant no. r, a,b r,,a, or b function no. function no. off % store no.
NO I
NULL
NL I
CONSTS
CO I,I,F,F
FUNCT. Clear Function DEV
FU I, text CF I DE I
DEV STORE
DS I
12600012_Gmacd/CB
8-9
Remote Commands
Parameter
LIMITS ITEM
Command
LI I
Argument
0 1 2 to +999x1012 to +999x1012
Setting
off paramenter 1 parameter 2
LOWER LIMIT UPPER LIMIT BINSORT A ENABLE
LV 0, F LV 1, F BN I
-999x1012 -999x1012
STEP SIZE ITEM BINS Par 1 value Par 2 value MIN% MAX% STOP (after n meas.) Value of n BINSORT B RETRY LEVELS LOGIC VIEW FILE DISPLAY
BC I BI I BZ I VF F VL F BL F BU F BS I BF F
0 1 2 3 0 to 255 0 1 1 to 32 -999x1012 to +999x1012 12 12 -999x10 to +999x10 12 12 -999x10 to +999x10 12 -999x10 to +999x1012 0 1 0 to 999x1012
off continuous fixed count random fixed cnt/random par 1 sort par 2 sort bin number base value, par 1 base value, par 2 lower tolerance upper tolerance No automatic stop. Stop after n comps No. of components (n) to be tested. no. of tries 0V, +5V levels 0V, +18V levels negative sense positive sense beginning of file, end of file, next line, previous line. output file. clear file. output specified line.
BR I BV I BG I
0 to 255 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 3
FD I
LIST CLEAR LINE
FO FC FL I
1 to 405
8-10
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Remote Commands
Parameter
VERNIER FREQ AMPL BIAS X-MIN Y-MIN X-MAX Y-MAX Step Vernier STATUS PROGRAM P INTERFACE STORE FILE FUNCTION CONST. RESULTS STATS Next page Previous page STORE/RECALL SET-UP STORE RECALL CLEAR RESULT STORE LEARN PROGRAM LEARN QUIT EDIT INSERT DELETE NEXT PREV QUIT CLEAR COPY JUMP LIST
Command
VR 0 VR 1 VR 2 VR 3 VR 4 VR 5 VR 6 SP F ST 0 ST1 ST 2 ST 3 ST 4 ST 5 ST 6 ST 7 ST 8 PG 0 PG1
Argument
Setting
0 to 32000 0 to 32000 0 to 32000 0 to 32000 -20E6 to 20E6
SS I RS I CS I SR I #LI #Q #EI #I #D #F #B #Q #CI # K I, I JP I #PI
1 to 16 1 to 16 1 to 16 1 to 9 1 to 9 1 to 9
store no. store no. store no. store no. program no. program no.
1 to 18 1 to 18, 1 to 18 1 to 99 1 to 18
program no. program nos line no. program no.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
8-11
Remote Commands
Parameter
SELF TEST TEST INIT RESET TIME
Command
TT 0 TT 1 TT 2 TM I, I TM0? TM1? TM2? EP I SM I
Argument
Setting
0 to 23, 0 to 59
EXECUTE PROGRAM MINI-STATUS DIRECT ACTIONS: BREAK LOCAL REMOTE PAUSE/CONT. RECYCLE SINGLE SWEEP HOLD Output last results. Clear errors. ANALYZER QUERIES: AUTO TIME AUTORANGE VOLTAGE 1 VOLTAGE 2 CURRENT
1 to 18 0 1
hours, minutes hours? minutes? seconds? program no. next prev
BK LL RM CP RE SI HS DO CE
AI? Returns actual range used for measurement when Range is set to Autorange. (To query Range set, use RAn?, where n=1 for V1, 2 for V2, 3 for I)
AR0? AR1? AR2?
1 = 30mV 2 = 300mV 3 = 3V
VIEW FILE QUERIES: Readings taken Readings accepted Readings filed PROGRAM QUERY
NR? NA? FP I?
0 1
no. of readings? file pointer? No. of instructions for prog. n
PN I?
8-12
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Remote Commands
Parameter
SELF TEST QUERIES: Test results Last error FIRMWARE QUERY CALIBRATION QUERIES Week of cal. Place of cal. Year of cal. STATISTICS QUERIES Standard dev. Maximum Minimum Mean Variance CALIBRATION COMMANDS* Ideal cal. value Calibration mode
Command
Argument
Setting
TS? ER? VN? version number
WK? PC? YR?
DV? MA? M I? MU? VS?
CAF CMI
0 to 5 0 1 2 3
4 5 Forcing w/f freq. Waveform Year of calibration Week of calibration Calibration place DF F WF I YR I WK I PC text
0 1 1 to 53 ..........
Normal first pass. No magnitue first pass. No phase first pass. Second pass: phase range-range adjustment. Generator calibration. Clear calibration data. Hz sine square
* These commands are obeyed only when the instrument is operating in the calibration mode. The use of the calibration commands is described in the 1255/1260 Maintenance Manual.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
8-13
Remote Commands
COMMAND INDEX
Note: In the remote commands listed below I = integer, F= floating point number. edit program: go to previous line #B clear program #CI edit program: delete #D edit program #EI edit program: go to next line #F edit program: insert #I copy program # K I, I learn program #LI list program #PI quit program #Q *CLS *ESE *ESE? *ESR? *IDN? *OPC *RCL *RST *SAV *SRE *SRE? *STB? *TST? AA I AE F AI? AR1? AR2? AR3? AU I BC I BF F BG I BK BL F BM F BN I BP I BR I BS I BU F BV I BX F BZ I clear status event status enable event status enable query event status register query identification query operation complete recall reset save service request enable service request enable query read status byte query self-test query plotter scaling:size monitor error% auto-integration time query autorange query, voltage 1 input autorange query, voltage 2 input autorange query, current input analyzer auto-integration binsort A: step size no. of meas. (n) after stop binsort B: logic sense break binsort A: bin min.% sweep limits: V bias min. binsort A: enable error beep binsort B: no. of retries binsort A: stop after n meas. binsort A: bin max.% binsort B: logic levels sweep limits: V bias max. binsort A: bin number CA F CC I CE CF I CI I CL CM I CO I,I,F,F CP CV I CS I CY I CZ I DC1,I DC2,I DC3,I DE I DF F DO DS I DV? EC I EP I ER? FC FD I FG I FL I FM F FO FP I? FR F FU I, text FV I FX F GD I GN F GP F GT I HF F HS IA F IB F IC F IM F ideal calibration value display: circuit clear error code clear function display: current coordinates clear error message calibration mode scaling constant pause/continue (program) display: voltage coordinates clear set-up display: admittance coordinates display: impedance coordinates input V1 coupling input V2 coupling input I coupling scaling: dev Forcing waveform frequency output last result scaling: dev store standard deviation query output echo (RS423) execute program last error query clear file display file file format output file line sweep limits frequency min output file file query: blocks filed/pointer generator frequency scaling function display: function coordinates sweep limits: frequency max. plotter grid group delay, negative group delay, positive generator type linear sweep: units/step sweep hold generator current amplitude generator current bias monitor current limit sweep limits: I amplitude min.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
8-14
Remote Commands
IX F IP1,I IP2,I IS F JP I LF F LI I LL LV0,F LV1,F MA? MC I MD I ME I MI? MS F MU? NA? NL I NO I NR? OI I OL I OM0,F OM1,F OP1,I OP2,I OP3,I OS I OT I OU1,I OU2,I OZ I PA I PC? PC text PD I PG0 PG1 PL PN I? PP I PS I PT I QM F
sweep limits: I amplitude max. input V1 single/diff. input V2 single/diff. analyzer integration time jump program line no. linear sweep: points/sweep limits check item local limits check: lower limit limits check: upper limit statistics query:maximum file clear: auto/manual analyzer mode analyzer monitor statistics query: minimum analyzer delay statistics query: mean file query: readings accepted null normalize file query: readings taken plotter Y-axis overlay item plotter Y-axis olay limits: auto/man. plotter Y-axis overlay limits: min. plotter Y-axis overlay limits: max. data putput (RS423) data output (GPIB) data output (file) command separator (GPIB) command terminator (GPIB) input V1: grounded/floating input V2: grounded/floating plotter Y-axis overlay log/lin plotter axes place of last calibration calibration place plotter device go to next status page go to previous status page plot (from file) program query (length) parallel poll configure (GPIB) parallel poll sense (GPIB) plotter text enable sweep limits: I bias, min.
QX F RA1,I RA2,I RA3,I RE RH I RM RP I RR I RS I RT I SD I SF F SI SM0 SM1 SOI,I SP F SR I SS I ST0 ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST5 ST6 ST7 ST8 SV I SW I SX I TI text TM I,I TS? TT0 TT1 TT2 UW I VA F VB F VC F VE I VF F VL F VI I VM F VN?
sweep limits: I bias, max. input V1 range input V2 range input I range recycle measuments data output: heading remote command separator (RS423) output mode (RS423) recall set-up command terminator (RS423) sweep up/down log sweep: points/sweep single measurement go to next mini-status page go to previous mini-status page display: source step vernier store result store set-up program status microprocessor status interface status store status file status scaling function status scaling constant status results status statistics status serial poll configure (GPIB) sweep enable staticised result plotter title set time test results query self test initialize reset display: phase normal/unwrapped generator voltage amplitude generator voltage bias monitor voltage limit plotter mode parameter 1 value parameter 2 value display: variable sweep limits: V amplitude min. version number 8-15
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Remote Commands
VP I VR0 VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6 VS? VX F WF I WK I WK? XB F XI I XL I XM0,F XM1,F XO I XP I XT F XZ I YB F YI I YL I YM0,F YM1,F YP I YR I YR? YT F YZ I
plotter Y-axis overlay pen frequency vernier amplitude vernier bias vernier plotter X-min. vernier plotter Y-min. vernier plotter X-max. vernier plotter Y-max. vernier statistics query: variance sweep limits: V amplitude max. calibration waveform calibration week week of last calibration plotter scaled size: X-min. plotter X-axis item plotter X-axis limits: auto/manual plotter Y-axis limits: min. plotter Y-axis limits: max. XOFF/XON select (RS423) plotter X-axis pen plotter scaled size: X-max. plotter X-axis lin/log plotter scaled size: Y-min. plotter Y-axis item plotter Y-axis limits: auto/man. plotter Y-axis limits: min. plotter Y-axis limits: max. plotter Y-axis pen calibration year year of last calibration plotter scaled size: Y-max. plotter Y-axis log/lin
8-16
12600012_Gmacd/CB
9
Messages and Error Codes
Section Page
9.1 Introduction 9.2 Command Summary

Group 0: Command Structure Group 1: Learn Program Group 2: Combined Parameters Group 3: Generator Group 4: Learnt Program; History File; Vernier Group 5: Missing Modules Group 6: Illegal input/Output Group 7: System/Calibration Group 8: Measurement Validity Group 9: Store/recall
9.2 9.3
9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.8
12600012_Gmacd/CB
9-1
9.1
INTRODUCTION
Displayed messages tell the user: a) that an operation has been completed, b) that an undesirable situation exists, or c) that the requested operation is not possible. Each message is preceded by number, e.g. 81. INPUT OVERLOAD. Where necessary, this number is included in the data output to remote devices as an error code. Messages are accompanied by a beep, unless this is switched off from [DISPLAY] ERROR BEEP. A message is displayed only briefly but can be recalled using the STATUS menu (P, first page, LAST ERROR) or the ER? remote command. Messages are classified according to the first digit of the message number. The meaning of each message is explained in this chapter, under the class number and area of application.
9-2
12600012_Gmacd/CB
9.2
9.2.1
ERROR CODE SUMMARY

GROUP 0: COMMAND STRUCTURE
EXPLANATION Command not included in instrument command set Command contained the wrong type, or wrong number, of arguments. Argument value out of range. Floating point format error. Attempt made to enter a floating point number in an incorrect format, e.g. 1.2.5E2 instead 1.25E2. Illegal request for parameter value. Some control parameters have no value, e.g. HS (sweep hold). Function syntax error. Integer out of range for store or constant in scaling function. Attempt made to enter an invalid symbol in scaling function. Attempt made to enter an amplitude >1V at a frequency >10MHz.
MESSAGE 01. UNKNOWN COMMAND 02. ARG MISMATCH 03. OUT OF RANGE 04. FORMAT ERROR 05. ILLEGAL REQUEST 06. INVALID FUNCTION 07. NO. OUT OF RANGE 08. INVALID SYMBOL 09. AMPL ILL. FOR HF
9.2.2
GROUP 1: LEARNT PROGRAM

EXPLANATION After EDIT has been selected, with an En command, the only valid commands are: #F #B #I #D #Q Select next instruction. Select previous instruction. Insert command(s) that follow as program instruction(s). Delete presently selected instruction. Quit edit.
MESSAGE 11. ILLEGAL EDIT
12. ILLEGAL COMMAND 13. NO SUCH PROGRAM 14. NESTING ERROR
Command cannot be learnt. Some commands, e.g. En (edit), cannot be used as learnt program instructions. Program does not exist, under number specified. Invalid recursion attempted. A program can execute itself only if the execute program instruction (EPn) is the last instruction entered before *Q (quit). (Continued on next page.)
12600012_Gmacd/CB
9-3
Or, program nesting to more than five levels attempted. For example, the sequence: P1:EP2 P2:EP3 P3:EP4 P4:EP5 P5:EP6 P6:EP7 results in error message 14 at the command EP7. (P1:EP2 means Program 1 commands the execution of Program 2, and so on.) However, if EP7 were EP1 then the sequence would be valid - just. 15. PROGRAM RUNNING 16. PROG. CHKSUM ERR. Attempt made to edit a running program. Stop the program, using BREAK, and try again. Program checksum error. When learnt programs are stored in memory a checksum is calculated and stored with the program data. Before a stored program can be used, a new checksum is calculated, and compared with the original. If the checksums disagree, the stored data is presumed to have been corrupted. The program is not executed and ERROR 16 is displayed. The remedy is to initialize the instrument: the SUPERVISOR mode must be selected if the program number is 10 or above. 17. PROGRAM EXISTS Attempt made to learn a program, using the number of an existing program. Previously learnt programs must be cleared before another program can be learnt under the same number. Specified program has been cleared. Specified program has been copied.
18. PROG. CLEARED 19. COPY COMPLETE
9.2.3
GROUP 2: COMBINED PARAMETERS

EXPLANATION A measurement sweep has been completed. Sweep limits, or increment/decrement, not entered. Or, maximum<minimum.
MESSAGE 20. SWEEP COMPLETE 21. SWEEP NOT SET UP
22. GEN OVERLOADED 23. NULL/NORMALIZED 24. ILL NULL SOURCE 25. PLOTTER LIM. ERROR
Generator overloaded, due to excessive peak current demand, i.e. peak ac+dc.100mA. Nulling or normalization complete. Source for null must be V1/I, V2/I, I/V1, I/V2. X-MIN greater than X-MAX, or Y-MIN greater than Y-MAX, in [PLOTTER SCALING] menu. Or, invalid MINIMUM or MAXIMUM value entered for a log item in the [PLOTTER XAXIS] or [PLOTTER Y-AXIS] menu.
9-4
12600012_Gmacd/CB
27. GPIB/PLOTTER ERR.
If results are to be plotted from the history file, the GPIB data output should be set to [off]. Or, if results are to be plotted as measurements are made, the GPIB data output should be set to [plotter]. You are not allowed to change the sweep parameters when null or normalize is selected. Present null/normalization data invalid, due to change in sweep parameter(s) or null/normalization not yet done.
28. NUL/NORMALIZE ON 29. RENULL/NORMALIZE
9.2.4
GROUP 3: GENERATOR
EXPLANATION Generator output killed. KILL signal applied to rear panel connector: inner shorted to outer, or inner held at TTL logic `0`. Generator overload, or power fail. Generator output reinstated. KILL signal removed from rear panel connector.
MESSAGE 31. GENERATOR KILLED 32. GENERATOR O/LOAD 34. GEN RESTART
9.2.5
GROUP 4: LEARNT PROGRAM; HISTORY FILE; VERNIER

EXPLANATION History file cleared. Line number specified in a jump instruction (JPi) was not found. (Line numbers can be assigned only in remotely compiled programs). Jump has been commanded without learn program selected. Vernier adjustment attempted outside parameter range, when parameter is already at maximum value. (The first attempt to enter a value outside the parameter range, with the present setting in range, results in the parameter being set to the maximum value: no error message is given at this time.) History file empty. Illegal file access attempted. It is illegal to display, list, or clear the history file whilst the analyzer is running. Or plot attempted whilst measurement in progress. (Plot uses file contents.)
MESSAGE 40. FILE CLEARED 41. LINE NO. ERROR
42. ILLEGAL JUMP 43. OUT OF RANGE
44. FILE EMPTY 45. ILL FILE ACCESS
12600012_Gmacd/CB
9-5
46. ILL FILE SIZE
Sweep too large. With [on] or [evaluate] selected for null or normalize the following max. file sizes apply: Analyzer Mode null null normalize normalize normal group delay normal group delay Max. File Size 280 243 243 192
47. FILE NOT EMPTY 48. G. DELAY/FILE ERR.
History file not empty. Attempt made to alter the file format before clearing the file contents. Incompatible file format. The analyzer is operating in group delay MODE, whilst the history file FORMAT is set for normal measurements. Initially the message is just a warning, but any attempt to display group delay parameters will cause the message to be repeated. Attempt made to adjust plotter parameters with vernier whilst recycled measurements are being made. Or sweep in progress.
49. VERNIER N/A
9.2.6
GROUP 5: MISSING MODULES
These messages are returned when an attempt has been made to use a hardware module (printed circuit board) that is not fitted. MESSAGE 50. NO SUCH ANALYZER 52. NO GENERATOR 53. NO HF GENERATOR 54. NO ANALYZER CTRL 55. NO SYNTHESIZER 56. NO HF SYNTH. EXPLANATION Analyzer not fitted. Generator not fitted. H F Generator not fitted. Analyzer control not fitted. Synthesizer not fitted. H F Synthesizer not fitted.
9.2.7
GROUP 6: ILLEGAL INPUT/OUTPUT

EXPLANATION Input/output device changed during learn sequence. The input/output device (controller/front panel) was changed whilst a program being learnt. The program was terminated automatically but remains usable up to the point where the change was made. Attempt made to change operating conditions from a nonenabled input/output device. For example, an RS423 device has attempted to send commands whilst the instrument is under local lock-out GPIB control. For more information on the combined use of RS423 and GPIB devices see Chapter 7, Section 7.5.2.
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MESSAGE 60. ILL. I/O CHANGE
61. DEV. NOT ENABLED
9-6
(62) WARNING:V1 NOT DIFF
Displayed if single-ended inputs are selected for the Voltage 1 input when an impedance measurement is made. Select differential inputs, otherwise the measurement will include the impedance of the current analyzer. Displayed if single-ended inputs are selected for the Voltage 2 input when an impedance measurement is made. Select differential inputs, otherwise the measurement will include the impedance of the current analyzer. For NULL or NORMALIZE set CLEAR in FILE CONFIGURE to [auto]. Interlock signal negated during a binsort. Binsort suspended. The component handler has asserted the SOS line before measurement completion. The handler is now in open loop mode. Measurements will continue in this mode, but are unlikely to be valid. The specified number of components have been sorted. To sort another batch another BF command must be sent or stop check must be disabled (BS=0).
(63) WARNING:V2 NOT DIFF
64. AUTO-CLEAR OFF 65. INTERLOCK 66. OPEN LOOP MODE
67. SORTING FINISHED
9.2.8
GROUP 7: SYSTEM/CALIBRATION
EXPLANATION No further memory is available for the operation attempted. To make more room, delete any unwanted programs/functions and/or reduce size of program. ERROR 70 is also returned when attempt is made to copy to non-volatile memory when this has insufficient room. Non-volatile memory not initialized, or contents invalid. The remedy is to initialize the instrument, with the supervisor mode selected. Rear panel keyswitch incorrectly set. Some learnt program operations can be performed only when the keyswitch is set to SUPERVISOR. Calibration data cleared. Input to channel being calibrated is outside calibration range. One copy of calibration data is corrupted. Both copies of calibration data are corrupted. Instrument should be recalibrated as described in 1255/1260 Maintenance Manual. Autorange is not applicable. Attempt made to calibrate with autorange selected. Or wrong combination of range commanded.
MESSAGE 70. OUT OF MEMORY
71. NV RAM CORRUPTED
72. NOT SUPERVISOR
73. CAL. DATA CLEARED 74. I/P UNREASONABLE 75. CAL. DATA CORRUPT> 76. RECALIBRATE 77. ILL RANGE COMB.
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9-7
78. ILL FREQUENCY 79. ILL CAL. SOURCE
Illegal frequency. Calibration frequency incorrectly set. Illegal calibration source.
9.2.9
GROUP 8: MEASUREMENT VALIDITY

EXPLANATION Overload on displayed channel(s). Auto-Integration terminated before valid result obtained. Combination of Errors 81 and 82. Failure to reach the target value at the monitor input, within the defined error %. Combination of Errors 81 and 84. Combination of Errors 82 and 84. Combination of Errors 81, 82 and 84. When display CIRCUIT is set to [auto] the analyzer MODE must be set to [auto impedance]. Group display not set.
MESSAGE 81. INPUT OVERLOAD 82. AUTO INT. FAILED 83. O/L + A. INT FAIL 84. MONITOR FAILED 85. O/L + MON. FAIL 86. MON. + A. INT FAIL 87. OL, MON. + A/I FAIL 88. AUTO IMPED ERROR 89. G. DEL NOT SET UP
9.2.10 GROUP 9: STORE/RECALL

MESSAGE 90. NO SUCH SET-UP 91. SET-UP STORED 92. SET-UP RECALLED 93. SET-UP CLEARED 94. SET-UP EXISTS 95. RESULT STORED 98. FUNCTION EXISTS EXPLANATION Attempt made to recall or clear an empty set-up store; or a checksum error has been detected on recalling a stored set-up. Control set-up stored. Control set-up recalled. Control set-up cleared. Set-up store in use. Before the store can be re-used it must be cleared. Present result stored. Attempt made to write a function under a number which is already in use. A used function must be cleared before a new function can be written under the same number. Attempt made to scale a measurement result by a non-existent function.
99. NO SUCH FUNCTION
9-8
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10
Measurement Scaling and Limit Checking
Section Page
10.1 Scaling Facilities 10.2 Normalizing Sweep Measurements 10.3 Scaling a Measurement 10.3.1 Checking the Constants Store
10.3.2 10.3.3 10.3.3.1 10.3.3.2 10.3.4 10.3.5 10.3.6 10.3.6.1 10.3.6.2 10.3.7 Entering a Scaling Constant Checking the Function Store Accessing the Function Status Page Accessing the Program/Function (Memory) status page Clearing a Scaling Function Entering a Scaling Function Scaling Function Examples Assigning Fixed Values Entering the Function Applying a Scaling Function
10.3 10.3 10.5

10.5 10.6 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.12 10.14 10.19
10.4 The Limits Facility

10.4.1 Setting the Limits
10.21
10.21
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10-1
10-2
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10.1
SCALING FACILITIES
Measurement results may be scaled in two ways: a) sweep measurements may be normalised, and b) individual results may have a scaling function applied to them. These two facilities may be used independently. When they are both used, normalisation occurs before function.
10.2
NORMALIZING SWEEP MEASUREMENTS

The normalize facility computes the ratio of two sets of values, normalize values and the values resulting from a subsequent measurement sweep. Two useful applications are: Separating measurement results from background data Measuring the effect of a modification on the item under test. Three simple steps normalize, modify, measure - give measurement results that are related to the difference in the item under test, after modification. To normalize a sweep, set up the initial test conditions, set the sweep parameters, ensure that DATA OUTPUT, FILE is set to [all] and then
SCALE/ LIMITS
Press the SCALE/LIMITS hard key....
[SCALING] NORM NULL CONSTS FUNCTION DEV
... to display the SCALING page.
NORM.
Press the NORM. soft key....
NORM. [ off ] NORM NULL CONSTS FUNCTION DEV
... to display the present normalize setting The default setting is [off].
PREV
With [off] displayed, press the PREV key once....
NORM. [evaluate] NORM NULL CONSTS FUNCTION DEV
... to select [evaluate]....
ENTER
... and enter it.
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10-3
12.500000 kHz [TIME 00:15:32]
-5.036dB
-38.15dg 40.FILE CLEARED
An evaluate sweep then starts automatically and messages are displayed to show the sweeps progress. First the history file is cleared... ...then evaluation starts...
10.000000 kHz [TIME 00:15:33]
-15.036dB
-21.18dg NORMALIZING
100.00000 kHz [TIME 00:15:47]
-52.036dB
-47.17dg
23.NORMALIZED
...and continues to the end of the sweep. Normalize [on] is selected automatically, and the results from any sweeps now performed are divided by the normalize values. After setting up the secondary test conditions, press RECYCLE to start the measurement sweep.
RECYCLE
100.00000 kHz [TIME 00:16:21]
-5.036dB
-19.15dg * 20. SWEEP COMPLETE
An asterisk is displayed against each normalized result to show that it is not the original measured value.
While the sweep parameters remain at their present settings the normalize facility may be used as required, by entering NORM. [on] or [off]. Changing the sweep parameters after [evaluate] has been entered invalidates the present normalize values, 29. RENORMALIZE, until [evaluate] is entered again.
10-4
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10.3
SCALING A MEASUREMENT
Individual measurements are scaled by entering a user-defined scaling function and then selecting FUNCTION as the display source. A scaling function may include user-defined scaling constants. Eighteen scaling functions may be stored, nine in battery-maintained memory and nine in non-volatile memory. Nine scaling constants may be stored, in battery-maintained memory.
10.3.1 CHECKING THE CONSTANTS STORE

Before trying to enter a constant check that a slot is available for it. If the instrument has been initialized since constants were last entered then the constants store will be completely clear and user-defined values may be entered under any number from 1 through 9, as described in Section 10.3.2. If the instrument has not been initialized and you are uncertain of the constants stored, then the STATUS menu will show you. If space is not available, then you may overwrite the values stored under a constant slot already in use.
STATUS
To access the constants status pages press the STATUS hard key....
[STATUS 1] PROGRAM P INT.FACE STORE FILE ... to display the first STATUS page.
NEXT
Then press NEXT to select....
[STATUS 2] ... the second STATUS page. FUNCTION CONSTS RESULTS STATS
CONSTS
...and press CONSTS to see....
CONSTANT ENTERED
1 C
3 C
4 C
...first the constants stores in use...
NEXT
....and then....
CONSTANT 1
r 2.25
36.5
...the constants stored in number 1. Successive operations of the NEXT key will reveal the content of each constant store in turn. 10-5
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10.3.2 ENTERING A SCALING CONSTANT

To enter a scaling constant, the procedure is:
SCALE/ LIMITS
[SCALING] NORM CONSTS NULL CONSTS FUNCTION DEV ... to display the SCALING page.
1
CONSTANT NUMBER (1) NORM NULL CONSTS FUNCTION DEV
Press the CONSTS soft key and assign the intended constant a number....
... e.g. 1
ENTER
Enter the number...
CONSTANT 1 NORM
[a,b] CONSTS FUNCTION DEV
NULL
...and the form of the intended constant is displayed. After initialize this is [a,b].
NEXT
If the alternative form is wanted, select the next setting...
CONSTANT 1 NORM
[r,] CONSTS FUNCTION DEV
NULL
... which is [r,]...
ENTER
... and enter it.
r +2.2500E+00 NORM NULL
(+_ CONSTS
) FUNCTION DEV
The present value of the r coordinate is now displayed and round brackets invite the entry of a new value. If required, key in a new value, e.g. 1.75...
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r +2.2500E+00 NORM NULL
(+1.75_ CONSTS
) FUNCTION DEV
ENTER
... and enter it.
+36.500E+00 NORM NULL
(+_ CONSTS
) FUNCTION DEV
Next, the present value of the coordinate is displayed, again with an invitation to enter a new value.
2
+36.500E+00 NORM NULL
8
(+28.7_ CONSTS
7
)
If required, key in a new value, e.g. 1.75...
FUNCTION
DEV
ENTER
... and enter it.
SCALING is displayed again to show that constant entry is complete.
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10-7
10.3.3 CHECKING THE FUNCTION STORE

Before trying to enter a function check that a function slot is vacant (FUNCTION status) and sufficient memory space is available to hold the function (PROGRAM status). If the instrument has been initialized since the functions were last entered then user-defined scaling functions may be entered under any number from 1 through 9, as described in Section 10.3.5. If the instrument has not been initialized and you are uncertain of the contents of the function store, then the FUNCTION pages of the STATUS menu will show you. When all function slots are in use, you may clear unwanted functions selectively, as described in Section 10.3.4. Stored functions and learnt programs use the same area of memory and the availability of this, for battery-sustained and non-volatile memory, appears under PROGRAM on the first STATUS page. A function uses two memory blocks.
10.3.3.1 Accessing the Function Status Page

To access the FUNCTION status pages:
STATUS
Press the STATUS hard key....
[STATUS 1] PROGRAM P ... to display the first STATUS page. INT.FACE STORE FILE
NEXT
Then press NEXT to select....
[STATUS 2] ... the second STATUS page. FUNCTION CONSTS RESULTS STATS
FUNCTION
...and press FUNCTION to see....
FUNCTION ENTERED
1 F
2 F
4 F
5 F
...first the function stores in use in battery-maintained memory...
NEXT
...then...
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NV FUNCTION ENTERED
10 11 12 13 F F
14 F
15
16
17
18
...the function stores in use in nonvolatile memory...
NEXT
...and then, with each successive press of the NEXT key...
FUNCTION 1 V1 ^ 2 - V2 ^ 2
...the functions stored.
10.3.3.2 Accessing the Program/Function (Memory) Status Page

To access the program/function memory status page:
STATUS
[STATUS 1] PROGRAM P ... to display the first STATUS page. INT.FACE STORE FILE
PROGRAM
Then press the PROGRAM soft key....
PRG/FUNC MEMORY MAX = FREE =
NV PRG/FUNC MEMORY MAX = FREE =
...to select the first page of program status information. This shows the memory space available, both in battery-maintained and non-volatile memory.
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10-9
10.3.4 CLEARING A SCALING FUNCTION

If none of the functions presently stored in the instrument are wanted then the whole program/function memory may be cleared by initializing the instrument. Remember, however, that this will also erase the history file and other stored data and set the control settings to their default states. The battery-maintained program memory (program/functions 1 through 9) is always cleared on initialization, but the non-volatile memory (program/functions 10 through 18) is cleared only if the instrument is operating in the supervisor mode, i.e. when the PROGRAM keyswitch on the instrument rear panel is set to SUPERVISOR and INITIALIZE has been commanded. If you wish to keep the contents of the non-volatile memory, always set the PROGRAM keyswitch to NORMAL before initializing the instrument. If some functions are wanted, or if you do not wish to initialize the instrument, then unwanted functions may be cleared selectively. The procedure is:
SCALE/ LIMITS
... to select the first page of the scaling menu.
Press the FUNCTION soft key.... FUNCTION
FUNCTION LEARN CLEAR
...and you have the option of learning or clearing a function.
CLEAR
1
CLEAR FUNCTION (1) LEARN CLEAR
If the number under which the function is to be stored is already in use then it must be cleared first. Press CLEAR and key in the function number.
ENTER
Enter the clear request...
...and the display returns to the SCALING page.
10-10
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10.3.5 ENTERING A SCALING FUNCTION

To enter a scaling function:
SCALE/ LIMITS
... to select the first page of the scaling menu.
FUNCTION
Press the FUNCTION soft key....
LEARN
1
LEARN FUNCTION (1) LEARN CLEAR
...then LEARN and the number of the function to be entered.
ENTER
Enter the learn request...
FUNCTION 1 = [ V1 V2 Cn Sn ]
...and the function entry may begin. The square brackets indicate another page of operators and variables.
A scaling function may now be created, from the operators and variables displayed. (An example is given in the next section.) To ensure the correct syntax, only the valid choices are shown: this choice is updated as each item is keyed in. The square brackets indicate that further operators and variables are available (selected with NEXT or PREV).
ENTER
Having keyed in the function, press ENTER...
...and the display returns to the SCALING page to show that entry is complete. 10-11
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10.3.6 SCALING FUNCTION EXAMPLE

A practical example shows how scaling functions work. In this particular case the open-loop gain (A) of an amplifier is computed from the closed-loop gain (A), using the function
A=
where
A' 1 - RA'
A' =
and
Vo V2 = Vi V1 R input R feedback
R=
Note that all functions use vector arithmetic, i.e. V1 = a + jb
10.3.6.1 Assigning Fixed Values

Fixed values are assigned to a function from stored results (Sn) and user-defined constants (Cn). In the present example, therefore, the values 1 and R are stored as constants. This is done before entering the function itself. The procedure is:
SCALE/ LIMITS
... to display the SCALING page.
CONSTS
1
Press the CONSTS soft key and assign the intended constant number....
...i.e. 1.
ENTER
Enter the number...
CONSTANT 1 [a,b] NORM NULL CONSTS FUNCTION DEV
...and the form of the intended constant is displayed. (After initialise this is [a,b].)
10-12
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ENTER
1
(+1_ CONSTS ) FUNCTION DEV
Enter the [a,b] setting, and key in a real value (a) of 1...
a not entered NORM
NULL
ENTER
0
Enter the a value, and key in a imaginary value (b) of 0...
b not entered NORM
NULL
ENTER
Enter the b value...
...and SCALING shows that entry is complete.
CONSTS
2
Now repeat the procedure and...
ENTER
...Enter R as Constant 2...
CONSTANT 2 [a,b] NORM NULL CONSTS FUNCTION DEV
ENTER
.
(+.51_ CONSTS )
a not entered NORM
NULL
FUNCTION
DEV
...having, for example, Cartesian coordinates with a real value of 0.51...
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10-13
ENTER
0
...and an imaginary value of zero.
b not entered NORM
NULL
ENTER
The fixed values 1 and R are now held as constants.
10.3.6.2 Entering the Function

A function to compute the value, A, of the open-loop gain is now entered.
FUNCTION
Press the FUNCTION soft key....
LEARN
1
LEARN FUNCTION (1) LEARN CLEAR
...then LEARN and the number of the function to be entered.
ENTER
Enter the learn request...
FUNCTION 1 = not entered [ V1 V2 Cn Sn ]
...and a choice of items is displayed. Square brackets show that other choices are available.
10-14
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V2 Key in the first item, which, in the present example, is V2....
FUNCTION 1 = V2 [ * / ]
This item appears after FUNCTION 1 = , and the next selection of items appears.
FUNCTION 1 = V2/ [ V1 V2 Cn Sn ]
As the example shows it is a simple matter to key in the rest of the function. All that is needed is a little thought as to the action of the operators. These act from left to right, at the following priorities: 1st priority: powers and negative powers, represented by and - 2nd priority: division and multiplication represented by / and *. 3rd priority: addition and subtraction, represented by + and -.
V1
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1 [ * / ]
Brackets tie several terms together, so that a common operator can be applied. An example of this is given on the next page.
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/ [ V1 V2 Cn Sn ]
The function keyed in so far is:
F1 =
V2 V1
NEXT
An open bracket is needed now, so press NEXT to display the alternative items.
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10-15
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/ [ j ( ]
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/( [ V1 V2 Cn Sn ]
Cn
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C INPUT CONSTANT NUMBER
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1 [ * / ]
NEXT
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1 [ + ) ]
The function keyed in so far is :
V2 V1 F1 = C1 12600012_Gmacd/CB
10-16
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1[ V1 V2 Cn Sn ]
Cn
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1-C INPUT CONSTANT NUMBER
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1-C2 [ * / ]
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1-C2* [ V1 V2 Cn Sn ]
V2
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1-C2*V2 [ * / ]
The function keyed in so far is :
V2 V1 F1 = C 1 - C 2V 2
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10-17
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1-C2*V2/ [ V1 V2 Cn Sn ]
V1
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1-C2*V2/V1 [ * / ]
NEXT
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1-C2*V2/V1 [ + ) ]
FUNCTION 1 = V2/V1/(C1-C2*V2/V1) [ * / ]
ENTER
Having keyed in the function, press ENTER....
...and the display returns to the SCALING page to show that entry is complete.
Function 1 is now ready to apply, as:
F1 =
V2 V1 C1 - C 2 V2 V1
10-18
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10.3.7 APPLYING A SCALING FUNCTION

Once a scaling function has been entered (as shown in the previous section) it is applied by selecting FUNCTION as the display source. The procedure is:
DISPLAY
... to select the display menu.
RESULT
Then press RESULT...
SOURCE [
V2 / V1 ] PRESS ENTER FOR COORDS PHASE CIRCUIT
VARIABLE RESULT
... to display the present source of the displayed result. The default setting is [V2/V1]... ... Now select FUNCTION, which, in the present example, is the next setting.
NEXT
SOURCE [FUNCTION ( _)] PRESS ENTER FOR COORDS VARIABLE RESULT PHASE CIRCUIT
Key in the function identity, e.g. 1...
SOURCE [FUNCTION ( 1)] PRESS ENTER FOR COORDS VARIABLE RESULT PHASE CIRCUIT
ENTER
and enter it...
COORDS [
r,
] PHASE CIRCUIT
VARIABLE RESULT
... to display the present coordinates setting
ENTER
Lets assume that this is the setting you want. Enter it... 10-19
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...and DISPLAY is displayed again to show that entry is complete.
ENTER
Press ENTER again...
200.00000Hz [TIME 14:36:27]
10.274k
-15.95 dg *
...to display the present measurement result in its scaled form. All other measurements displayed will be scaled in the same way, until a different display source is entered.
10-20
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10.4
THE LIMITS FACILITY

Measurement results may be checked against a user-defined limits, which define pass and fail zones. Fig 4.1 shows the set-up:
Value of result
x
UPPER LIMIT
FAIL (HI)
x x
LOWER LIMIT
x x x
x x x
PASS FAIL (LO)
Fig 4.1 Pass and fail zones, as defined by the upper and lower limits. An upper limit defines the ceiling, and a lower limit defines the floor, of the measurement pass zone. The pass condition is lower limit result upper limit, whilst the fail condition is result < lower limit or result > upper limit. The example in Fig 4.1 shows ten measurement results, each represented by an x: seven results have passed the check and three have failed. In accordance with the limits check, Hi or Lo is displayed against failed results. Once a limits item has been entered, output data may be restricted to pass or fail results. The choice, for each output port, is made from the DATA OUTPUT menu.
10.4.1 SETTING THE LIMITS

To enter the limits the procedure is:
SCALE/ LIMITS
(which displays the SCALING menu)
NEXT
... then select the next page...
[ LIMITS ] ITEM LIMITS
which contains the LIMITS menu
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10-21
ITEM Then press ITEM soft key...
ITEM [ off ] ITEM LIMITS
...to display the present status of the limit check. [off] indicates that a limits check is not applied.
NEXT
Select the item to be limits checked, which, in the present example, is the next setting...
ITEM [ par 1 ] ITEM LIMITS
...i.e. [par 1]. This setting and the alternative setting [par 2] relate to the measurement result displayed. (See Chapter 5, Section 4.)
ENTER
ENTER the selected item...
[ LIMITS ] ITEM LIMITS ...and LIMITS is displayed again to show that the item is entered.
LIMITS Then press the LIMITS soft key...
LOWER LIMIT +0.0000 (+_ ITEM LIMITS
...to display the present lower limit for the selected item. Round brackets invite the entry of a new lower limit. Key in the required lower limit value, e.g. 0.5. (There is no need to key in the leading zero, it is assumed. A leading zero is displayed when the value is next interrogated.)
LOWER LIMIT +0.0000 (+.5_ ITEM LIMITS
ENTER
ENTER the lower limit value...
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UPPER LIMIT +0.0000 (+_ ITEM LIMITS
Key in the upper limit value...
LOWER LIMIT +0.0000 (+1.25_ ITEM LIMITS
ENTER
...and enter it.
[ LIMITS ] ITEM LIMITS
LIMITS is displayed again to show that entry is complete.
ENTER
Press ENTER to display the last result... 10.274k -15.95 dg * HI
200.00000Hz [TIME 14:36:27]
... which is seen to have failed the limit check, as indicated by HI.
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10-23
11
Learnt Programs
Section Page
11.1 Learnt Program Facilities 11.1.1 Program Storage

11.1.2 Program Keyswitch
11.3
11.3 11.3
11.2 Checking the Program Memory Space 11.3 Clearing a Learnt Program 11.4 Creating a Learnt Program 11.4.1 Entering the Learn Mode
11.4.2 Learnt Program Example
11.4 11.5 11.6

11.6 11.7
11.5 Executing a Learnt Program 11.6 Editing a Learnt Program

11.6.1 11.6.2 11.6.3 Entering the Edit Mode Listing of Example Program Using the Edit Functions
11.11 11.12
11.12 11.13 11.14
11.7 Copying a Learnt program

11.7.1 Copy Procedure
11.16
11.16
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11-1
Learnt Programs
11-2
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Learnt Programs
11.1
LEARNT PROGRAM FACILITIES

The instrument is able to store a series of commands, which may be actioned later as a learnt program. A learnt program is useful where a test sequence is used repeatedly, as, for example, in production testing. Up to eighteen programs may be stored. Each learnt program instruction is equivalent to a single menu entry. A set-up recall instruction allows a complete instrument set-up to be recalled. This reduces the number of instructions necessary when altering groups of settings throughout the test. Single acting instructions need to be used only for sequential operations. The learnt program facilities are presented under three hard keys, LEARN PROG, EXECUTE PROGRAM, and STATUS. The LEARN PROG functions are: Learn Sets the instrument into the learn program mode in which it interprets each command as a learn program instruction. Programs are learnt under program numbers 1 through 9. Allows a learnt program to be modified. Only programs 1 to 9 may be edited. To edit a program in non-volatile memory (programs 10 to 18) copy the program to a program number between 1 and 9, edit it, clear the original program and copy it back. Clears an unwanted learnt program from memory. Copies a complete learnt program under another program number. This facilities is used for transferring a learnt program to non-volatile memory. It may also be used, with EDIT, to derive one program from another.
Edit
Clear Copy
EXECUTE PROGRAM allows a selected program to be executed. The STATUS 1, PROGRAM pages show the memory space available for program storage.
11.1.1 PROGRAM STORAGE

Programs 1 through 9 are held in the battery-maintained memory. There is also room for nine programs in non-volatile memory, under program numbers 10 through 18. Use COPY to transfer important programs to locations 10 through 18: the original programs may then be cleared, so that other programs may be learnt.

A PROGRAM keyswitch on the instrument rear panel may be set to protect the learnt programs in non-volatile memory. Two switch settings are used: The SUPERVISOR setting allows learnt programs to be stored in, or recalled from, any location from 1 through 18. All programs may be cleared. CAUTION: Do not switch the instrument on or off when the keyswitch is in the Supervisor mode. The NORMAL setting allows learnt programs to be recalled from any location, but stored only in locations 1 through 9. Only programs 1 through 9 may be cleared.
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11-3
Learnt Programs
11.2
CHECKING THE PROGRAM MEMORY SPACE

Before trying to create a learnt program check that a vacant program slot is available and sufficient memory space is available to hold all the instructions. If the instrument has been initialized since programs were last entered then the learnt program memory will be completely clear and a program may be created under any number from 1 through 9, as described in Section 11.4. If the instrument has not been initialized and you are uncertain about the contents of the program memory, then use the STATUS menu to find out what space is available:
STATUS
[STATUS 1] PROGRAM P ... to display the first STATUS 1 page. INT.FACE STORE FILE
PROGRAM
Then press the PROGRAM soft key....
PRG/FUNC MEMORY MAX = FREE =
NV PRG/FUNC MEMORY MAX = FREE =
...to select the first page of learnt program status information. This shows the memory space available, both in battery-maintained and nonvolatile memory. Press the NEXT key once....
NEXT
PROGRAM LEARNT
1 P
2 P
3 P
6 P
...to see which program slots are vacant in battery-maintained memory. P indicates that a program is stored.
NEXT
Then, if necessary, press the NEXT key again....
NV PROGRAM LEARNT
10 11 12 P
13 P
14
15 P
16
17 18
...to see which program slots are vacant in non-volatile memory.
If there is insufficient memory space for the intended program then the entire memory, or selected parts of it, may be cleared as described in Section 11.3. 11-4
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Learnt Programs
11.3
CLEARING A LEARNT PROGRAM

If none of the learnt programs presently stored in the instrument are wanted then the whole program memory may be cleared by initializing the instrument. Remember, however, that this will also erase the history file and other stored data and set the control settings to their default states. The battery-maintained program memory (programs/functions 1 through 9 and stored set-ups/results 1 through 9) is always cleared on initialization, but the nonvolatile memory (programs/functions 10 through 18 and stored set-ups 10 through 16) is cleared only if the instrument is operating in the supervisor mode, i.e. when the PROGRAM keyswitch on the instrument rear panel is set to SUPERVISOR and INITIALIZE has been commanded. If you wish to keep the contents of the non-volatile memory, always set the PROGRAM keyswitch to NORMAL before initializing the instrument. If some learnt programs are wanted, or if you do not wish to initialize the instrument, then unwanted programs may be cleared selectively. The procedure is:
LEARN PROG
Press the LEARN PROG hard key....
PROGRAM LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
... to select the learn program menu. The titles of the program facilities are shown above the soft keys.
CLEAR
Press the CLEAR soft key....
CLEAR PROGRAM ( _) LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
...and the display invites you to enter the number of a program to be deleted.
1
CLEAR PROGRAM ( 1) LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
Key in the program number....
...e.g. 1...
ENTER
... and enter it.
12.500000 kHz [TIME 14:36:27]
-5.036dB CLEARING
-38.15dg
To show that something is happening, the message, CLEARING is displayed.... ...followed, when clearing is complete, by the message, 18. PROG. CLEARED 11-5
12.500000 kHz [TIME 14:36:27]

12600012_Gmacd/CB
-5.036dB
-38.15dg
18. PROG. CLEARED
Learnt Programs
11.4
CREATING A LEARNT PROGRAM

To create a learnt program, simply set the instrument into the learn program mode and then enter commands in the order in which they are to be executed. Remember that a recall setup instruction can set any number of control parameters in one go. This is useful in tests that require several parameters (e.g. the SWEEP settings) to be altered part of the way through.
11.4.1 ENTERING THE LEARN MODE

To enter the learn mode the procedure is:
LEARN PROG
... to select the learn program menu.
LEARN
Press the LEARN soft key....
LEARN PROGRAM ( _) LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
... and the display invites you to enter the number of the program to be learnt.
1
LEARN PROGRAM ( 1 )
...e.g.1... LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
ENTER
... and enter it.
PROGRAM 1 learn mode QUIT
The instrument is now in the learn mode. The commands entered are not executed immediately, but are stored as program instructions.
11-6
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Learnt Programs
11.4.2 LEARNT PROGRAM EXAMPLE

In the following example the instrument is programmed to subject the item under test to a series of frequency sweeps of increasing amplitude. The aim is to test the item for linearity. The procedure is: reset the control settings (as described in Chapter 3, Section 6.1), set up a frequency sweep (as described in Chapter 3, Section 7.1), store the set-up in store number 1 (similar to recall procedure below), then proceed as follows: PROGRAM 1 learn mode QUIT Enter the learn mode, as described in Section 11.4.1.
STORE/ RECALL
Press the STORE/RECALL hard key....
[SET-UP] STORE RECALL CLEAR
... to select the set-up menu. The titles of the set-up facilities are shown above the soft keys.
RECALL
Press the RECALL soft key....
RECALL SET-UP ( _) STORE RECALL CLEAR
... and the display invites you to enter the number of the set-up to be recalled.
1
RECALL SET-UP ( 1 ) STORE RECALL CLEAR
Key in the set-up number....
...e.g.1...
ENTER
... and enter it.
The display reminds you that the instrument is still in the learn mode. The recalled set-up includes the SWEEP parameters. Press the VIEW FILE hard key....
VIEW FILE
12600012_Gmacd/CB
11-7
Learnt Programs
VIEW FILE DISPLAY LIST CLEAR
... to select the view menu. The titles of the file facilities are shown above the soft keys.
CLEAR
Press the CLEAR soft key to erase any data that may be in the history file. The display reaffirms the learn mode.
DATA OUTPUT
Now press the DATA OUTPUT soft key....
[DATA OUTPUT] RS232 GPIB FILE HEADING
...to get into the data output menu...
NEXT
NEXT
NEXT
...and select the third page on...
[FILE CONFIGURE] FORMAT CLEAR STATS
... which contains the file configure functions.
CLEAR
Press the CLEAR soft key...
CLEAR [ FORMAT CLEAR
] STATS
...to access the clear file parameter. When a control parameter is first accessed in the learnt program mode no setting is shown, as it is yet to be entered into the program. ...So, press the NEXT key twice...
NEXT
NEXT
CLEAR [manual] FORMAT CLEAR STATS
...to select [manual] clear. This setting allows the data from several sweeps to be filed, which, in the present example, is what we want.
ENTER
Enter the clear file setting...
11-8
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Learnt Programs
[FILE CONFIGURE] FORMAT CLEAR STATS
...and FILE CONFIGURE is displayed again, to show that the last entry is complete.
GENERATOR
Next, press the GENERATOR hard key....
...to select the [GENERATOR] menu.
V.AMPL
.
V.AMPL TYPE FREQ (+.1_ V.AMPL
1
) V.BIAS
Select V.AMPL and key in the drive amplitude for the first sweep, e.g. (0).1V. (There is no need to key in the leading zero.)
ENTER
Enter the amplitude value...
...and GENERATOR is displayed again to show that entry is complete.
RECYCLE
Enter a recycle instruction to complete the first phase of the test program. RE The display reaffirms the learn mode and shows the command code RE for the recycle instruction
GENERATOR
The remaining part of the program, which commands further sweeps at increasing amplitudes, is entered by repeating the key presses from GENERATOR to RECYCLE for each amplitude value.
V.AMPL
.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
2
11-9
Learnt Programs
V.AMPL TYPE FREQ
(+.2_ V.AMPL V.BIAS
ENTER
V.AMPL TYPE FREQ
(+.5_ V.AMPL V.BIAS
RECYCLE
RE
QUIT
When the last program instruction has been entered, press QUIT to exit from the learn mode. -5.036dB -38.15dg
12.500000 kHz [TIME 00:07:55]
The instructions which make up this program can be seen in Section 11.6, Editing a Learnt Program.
11-10
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Learnt Programs
11.5
EXECUTING A LEARNT PROGRAM

A program is started simply by entering the program number from EXECUTE PROGRAM. The procedure is:
EXECUTE PROGRAM
Press the EXECUTE PROGRAM hard key...
EXEC. PROGRAM ( _)
...and the display invites you to select a program.
1
EXEC. PROGRAM ( 1 )
Key in a program number....
...e.g. 1...
ENTER
...and enter it.
12.500000 kHz [TIME 00:07:55]
-5.036dB
-38.15dg
Program 1 is now executed. The display is updated as the program progresses., e.g. the history file has been cleared,
40. FILE CLEARED
12.500000 kHz [TIME 00:07:55]
-5.036dB
-38.15dg
a program set-up has been recalled,
92. SET-UP RECALLED
12.500000 kHz [TIME 00:07:55]
-9.025dB
-27.67dg
a sweep has been completed.
20. SWEEP COMPLETE
When the example program is finished the basic data of five sweeps, made at increasing drive signal amplitudes, are contained in the history file. With the sweep set for 50 measurement points this amounts to 250 data blocks. Results may now be displayed in various formats, by selecting the appropriate source and coordinates from the DISPLAY menu. The results may then be displayed in succession, with the VIEW FILE facility, plotted, with the PLOT facility, and/or output to remote devices via the GPIB or RS232 ports.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
11-11
Learnt Programs
11.6
EDITING A LEARNT PROGRAM

EDIT allows a learnt program to be altered. Instructions may be inserted or deleted.
11.6.1 ENTERING THE EDIT MODE

To enter the edit mode the procedure is:
LEARN PROG
... to select the learn program menu. The titles of the program facilities are shown above the soft keys. Press the EDIT soft key....
EDIT
EDIT PROGRAM ( _) LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
... and the display invites you to enter the number of the program to be edited.
1
EDIT PROGRAM ( 1 ) LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
...e.g.1...
ENTER
... and enter it.
PROGRAM 1 edit QUIT
00 RS 01
The first instruction in the program is now displayed, in the form of a command code. This particular code means, Recall set-up 1. Each program instruction may be selected in turn, with the NEXT soft key. The second instruction, now displayed, is the code FC which means, Clear history file. The command codes for the complete program are listed on the next page.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
NEXT
PROGRAM 1 edit QUIT
00 FC
11-12
Learnt Programs
11.6.2 LISTING OF EXAMPLE PROGRAM

Command code 00 RS 01 00 FC 00 MC 01 Comments Recall set-up number 1 File Clear, i.e. clear the history file Set history file clear mode to manual. This inhibits the automatic file clear function and allows the history file to store the data from several sweeps. Set the drive signal amplitude to 0.1V Recycled measurements. This command takes the instrument through the first sweep. Set the drive signal amplitude to 0.2V Recycled measurements. This command takes the instrument through the second sweep. Set the drive signal amplitude to 0.3V Recycled measurements. This command takes the instrument through the third sweep. Set the drive signal amplitude to 0.4V Recycled measurements. This command takes the instrument through the forth sweep. Set the drive signal amplitude to 0.5V Recycled measurements. This command takes the instrument through the fifth sweep. Quit program.
00 VA +1.0000E-01 00 RE 00 VA +2.0000E-01 00 RE 00 VA +3.0000E-01 00 RE 00 VA +4.0000E-01 00 RE 00 VA +5.0000E-01 00 RE 99 #Q
This program may be modified as shown in Section 11.6.3.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
11-13
Learnt Programs
11.7
USING THE EDIT FUNCTIONS

The way in which the edit functions are used to modify a program is shown in the following example. In this particular sequence the aim is to change the drive amplitude of the first sweep in the example program.
PROGRAM 1 edit INSERT
00 RS 01 NEXT PREV QUIT
Enter the edit mode as shown in Section 11.6.1...
DELETE
NEXT
NEXT
NEXT
...and step to the instruction to be altered... i.e. the instruction which sets the drive amplitude for the first sweep. QUIT
00 VA +1.0000 E-01 NEXT PREV
DELETE
DELETE
Delete this instruction....
00 RE NEXT PREV QUIT
(the instruction which follows it is displayed)
DELETE
INSERT
...and press INSERT....
PROGRAM 1 insert mode EDIT
...to enter the insert mode.
GENERATOR
Now select...
...the [GENERATOR] menu...
V.AMPL
...and key in the new drive amplitude, e.g. (0).15V.
11-14
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Learnt Programs
V.AMPL TYPE FREQ
(+.15_ V.AMPL V.BIAS
) [ V]
(The new value appears within the round brackets.)
ENTER
Enter the new amplitude value...
...and GENERATOR is displayed to show that entry is complete.
ENTER
Since no further commands are to be inserted at this time, press ENTER again to return to... ...the insert mode display.
PROGRAM 1 insert mode EDIT
EDIT
Now press EDIT...
00 RE NEXT PREV QUIT
...to return to the EDIT mode.
DELETE
PREV
Step back to the previous instruction (just entered) to check it.
00 VA +1.5000 E-01 NEXT PREV QUIT
DELETE
The new amplitude value is seen to be correct...
QUIT
...so QUIT the edit mode...
100.00000 kHz [TIME 00:07:55]
-8.023dB
-25.57dg
...to return to the pre-edit display.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
11-15
Learnt Programs
REMEMBER THE LEARNT PROGRAM RULES: A program may call another program as a sub-routine, from anywhere within itself. This sub-routine, in turn, may call a sub-sub-routine, and program nesting may be extended in this way up to five levels (counting the initial program as the first level). A sixth level is permitted on one condition, that the routine at this level calls the initial program on completion. A program may execute itself, but only if the execute instruction is the last one in the program.
11.8
COPYING A LEARNT PROGRAM

COPY allows a complete learnt program to be copied, under another program number. This facility is used for transferring learnt programs to non-volatile memory (program numbers 10 through 18). It may also be used, with EDIT, to derive one learnt program from another. Note that the instrument must be operating in the supervisor mode for programs to be copied to program numbers 10 to 18. To protect these programs it is advisable to return the instrument to the normal mode immediately after copy complete, otherwise the programs may be corrupted by an inadvertent initialize.
11.8.1 COPY PROCEDURE

The copy procedure is:
LEARN PROG
... to select the learn program menu.
COPY
1
COPY FROM PROGRAM ( 1 ) LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
Press COPY and key in the number of the program to be copied.
ENTER
Then press ENTER, and then key in the number under which the program is to be copied.
COPY FROM PROGRAM ( 1 ) TO PROGRAM (10) LEARN EDIT CLEAR COPY
11-16
12600012_Gmacd/CB
Learnt Programs
ENTER
Enter the request...
12.500000 kHz [TIME 00:07:55]
-5.036dB COPYING
-38.15dg
...and, to show that something is happening, the message, COPYING is displayed...
12.500000 kHz [TIME 00:07:55]
-5.036dB
-38.15dg
...followed, when copying is complete, by the message, 19. COPY COMPLETE.
19. COPY COMPLETE
If a program is to execute itself (via an EPn instruction) remember to change the number n to the copy to program number.
12600012_Gmacd/CB
11-17
INDEX accessories 2.3 alternative circuit forms (display) 5.17 analyzer auto-integration 5.6 current input coupling 5.11 current input range 5.11 default settings 3.11 integration time 5.6 measurement delay 5.6 menu summary 4.3 menu terms 5.6 mode 5.8 query remote commands 8.12 remote commands 8.3 voltage input connections 5.10 voltage input coupling 5.9 voltage input range 5.9 ASCII output to a controller, RS423 7.13 to a printer, RS423 7.12 to a talk only device, GPIB 7.6 assigning error events, GPIB 7.9 auto impedance mode (analyzer) 5.8 Baud rate switches, RS423 7.11 binsorting (with CTM) 5.33 binsorting (with test machine) 5.34 Bode plot, making a (example) 3.19 clear learn program 5.48 clear set-up 5.47 combined use of RS423 and GPIB 7.18 commanding a single measurement 3.14 constant, scaling, store status 5.45 copy learn program 5.48 data handshake, RS423 7.11 data output heading, RS423 and GPIB 5.28 menu summary 4.6 menu terms 5.27 ports 5.27 remote commands 8.8 direct action remote commands 8.12 display 3.6 circuit 5.17 coordinates, setting the (example) 3.22 menu summary 4.5 menu terms 5.15 phase 5.16 remote commands 8.5 result (source and coordinate) 5.15 variable 5.15 dump output format, RS423 and GPIB 7.14 grounding the instrument 2.4 edit learn program 5.48 error beep 5.50 event status enable 7.9 execute program, remote command 8.12 file clear 5.37 configure 5.30 configure, remote commands 8.9 format 5.30 statistics 5.30 generator current amplitude 5.4 voltage amplitude 5.3 current bias 5.4 voltage bias 5.3 frequency 5.3 menu summary 4.3 menu terms 5.3 output, vernier adjustment of 5.38 remote commands 8.3 setting the (example) 3.12 start and stop control 5.5 type: voltage or current 5.3 GPIB capability code 7.3 configure 5.28 configure, remote commands 8.8 connector 7.3 device address 7.4 dump output 7.6 input command terminator 7.4 interface 7.3 output data format 7.6 output separator 5.28 output terminator 5.28 status 5.42 switch settings (example) 7.5 switches 7.4 talk only switch 7.5 group delay mode (analyzer) 5.8 hard keys 3.4 hard key assignments 3.5 history file clear 5.37 default settings 3.19 display 5.37 list 5.37 status 5.44 reading the (example) 3.20 initialise 5.50
input command terminator and character frame, RS423 7.11 input, analyzer, remote commands 8.4 installinga GPIB plotter (for PLOT) 3.21 instrument keyboard 3.4 key features (of instrument) 1.3 learn program clear 5.48 copy 5.48 edit 5.48 learn 5.48 memory status 5.41 menu summary 4.9 menu terms 5.48 remote commands 8.11 limits item 5.33 menu summary 5.33 remote commands 8.10 local lockout 7.17 making a Bode plot 3.21 making a Nyquist plot 3.22 mains connection 2.6 fuse 2.5 lead 2.6 voltage selector 2.5 measurement auto integration 5.6 delay 5.6 integration time 5.6 limits check 5.33 mode 5.8 preliminaries 3.9 recycled (example) 3.19 statistics 5.46 menu summary analyzer 4.3 data output 4.6 display 4.5 generator 4.3 learn program 4.9 plotter 4.5 plotter axes 4.6 scale / limits 4.7 self test 4.9 status 4.8 store / recall 4.9 sweep 4.4 vernier 4.8 view file 4.8 menu terms analyzer 5.6 data output 5.27
display 5.15 generator 5.3 learn program 5.48 plotter 5.18 plotter axes 5.24 scale / limits 5.31 self test 5.50 status 5.41 store / recall 5.47 sweep 5.12 vernier 5.38 view file 5.37 messages and error codes 9.1 microprocessor status 5.42 mini-status remote commands 8.12 monitor configurations 5.4 current limit 5.4 enable 5.4 error% 5.4 remote commands 8.3 voltage limit 5.4 normal ASCII output to talker / listener devices, GPIB 7.6 normalize 5.31 null 5.32 normal mode (analyzer) 5.8 numeric keypad 3.4 nyquist plot, making a 3.22 parallel poll 7.10 plot facility, using the (example) 3.21 menu terms 5.23 remote commands 8.6 types 5.26 plotter axes 5.19 device 5.19 grid 5.18 menu summary 4.5 menu terms 5.18 mode 5.18 remote commands 8.6 scaling 5.19 scaling remote commands 8.6 scaling, vernier adjustments of 5.39 size 5.19 text 5.18 title 5.20 title edit 5.22 title entry 5.21 X-axis remote commands 8.7 Y-axis overlay remote commands 8.7 Y-axis main remote commands 8.7
plotter axes menu summary 4.6 menu terms 5.24 setting the (example) 3.23 plotter X-axis item 5.24 limits 5.24 full scale range (LIMITS) 5.24 lin / log scaling 5.25 pen 5.25 plotter Y-axis, main 5.25 plotter Y-axis, overlay 5.25 power-up status 3.6 program keyswitch, learn program 5.49 keyswitch, scaling function 5.36 keyswitch, store / recall 5.47 query, remote commands 8.12 status 5.41 rack dimensions 2.7 rack mounting 2.7 reading the history file (example) 3.20 recall set-up 5.47 recycled measurements (example) 3.19 remote / local control, GPIB and RS423 7.16 reset 5.50 result deviation 5.33 result store status 5.45 RS423 configure 5.29 configure, remote commands 8.9 dump output 7.13 input data echo 5.29 output data format (mode) 5.29 output separator 5.29 output terminator 5.29 software handshake (XON / XOFF) 5.30 status 5.43 safety 2.3 scale / limits menu summary 4.7 scale / limits menu terms 5.31 scaling constants 5.32 constant store status 5.45 function 5.32 function store status 5.44 remote commands 8.9 self test menu summary 4.9 menu terms 5.50 query, remote commands 8.12 remote commands 8.12 serial interface (RS423) connector 7.12 data handshake 7.11
output data format 7.12 standards 7.11 serial poll 7.7 service request enable 7.8 set-up store status 5.43 setting the display coordinates 3.22 the generator (example) 3.12 the plotter axes (example) 3.23 the sweep 3.16 the time 5.50 a service request, GPIB 7.8 single measurement, commanding a 3.14 soft keys 3.4 specification 1.5 status byte 7.7 menu summary 4.8 menu terms 5.41 remote commands 8.11 status 1 GPIB interface 5.42 microprocessor 5.42 program 5.41 RS423 interface 5.43 control set-up store 5.43 history file 5.44 status 2 scaling constants 5.45 scaling functions 5.44 statistics 5.46 stored results 5.45 store result 5.47 set-up 5.47 stored result status 5.45 stored set-up status 5.43 store / recall menu summary 4.9 menu terms 5.47 remote commands 8.11 sweep direction 5.12 facility, using the 3.16 limits, current amplitude 5.14 current bias 5.14 frequency 5.13 remote commands 8.5 voltage amplitude 5.13 voltage bias 5.14 linear frequency steps 5.13 log frequency steps 5.12 menu summary 4.4 menu terms 5.12 remote commands 8.4
sweep (continued) type (enable) 5.12 setting the 3.16 talk only, GPIB 3.21, 7.5 telescopic slide fitting (Accuride) 2.8 telescopic slide fitting (Jonathan) 2.14 telescopic slide kit (Accuride) 2.7 use of manual 1,4 using a control menu 3.7 using the plot facility 3.21 ventilation 2.7 vernier generator adjustment 5.38 plotter adjustment 5.39 menu summary 4.8 menu terms 5.38 remote commands 8.11 view file menu summary 4.8 menu terms 5.37 query, remote commands 8.12 remote commands 8.10

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1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

Solartron a division of Solartron Group Ltd

Issue CB: January 1996 Solartron Part No. :12600

Victoria Road, Farnborough, Hampshire GU14 7PW, UK.

E-mail: solartron@solartron.com Web: http://www.solartron.com

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

1260A Impedance Analyzer

Signed For and behaIf of Solartron, a division of Solartron

Group Limited Authority: Date: Engineering Manager December 1995

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (continued from previous page)

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

1260 OPERATING MANUAL CONTENTS

Chapter 4: Menu Summary

Chapter 5: Menu Terms

Chapter 3. Getting Started

Chapter 6: Measurement connections

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

Chapter 7: Remote Control

Chapter 10: Scaling and Limits Checking

10.4 The Limits Facility 10.4.1 Setting the Limits

Chapter 11: Learnt Programs

Chapter 8: Remote Commands

Chapter 9: Error Messages

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

USE OF THE MANUAL

Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

Input protected to:

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

Resolution, gain r (dB): phase (): others:

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

Math, operators: operands: Statistical analysis:

0 to 50C -40 to 70C 10 to 30C 95% at 40C

tested in accordance with BS EN 60068 complies with IEC 1010-1 (EN61010-1)

Write protectable permanent memory:

Electromagnetic Compatibility Power Supply

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

CAUTION SAFETY BONDING TESTS (EN61010, clause 6.5.1.2)

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

Figure 2.1 - Mains selector panel

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

Figure 2.2 - IEC power socket connections

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

TELESCOPIC SLIDE MOUNTING KIT (ACCURIDE)

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

FITTING TELESCOPIC SLIDE MOUNTING KIT (ACCURIDE)

Figure 2.3 - Removal of trims, handle, feet, and tilt bar

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

Figure 2.6 - Fitting a rear bracket

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

b) Fixed Front Brackets and Support Brackets.

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

1260 Impedance Gain-Phaze Analyzer

FITTING TELESCOPIC SLIDE MOUNTING KIT (JONATHAN)