Checklist Plant Vol 1

C
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
First publish: March 2014
By Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), Thailand
ISBN: 978-616-316-144-4
This publications is financially supported by ONEP an may be reproduce in whole or in part
and in many form for educational or non-profit purpose without special permission from
ONEP, providing that acknowledgment of the source is made.
No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purposes.
Citation: Chayamarit K. Pooma R. Pattharahirantricin N. 2014
A Checklist of Plants in Thailand Volume I.
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. Bangkok, Thailand
238 P.
Photo: Rachun Pooma
Preecha Karagate
Sukontip Sirimongkol
Nannapat Pattharahirantricin
Stuart Lindsay
David Middleton
Available from: Biological Diversity Division
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
60/1 Soi Pibulwattana VII, Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400 THAILAND
Telephone: (66) 2265 6638
Facsimile: (66) 2265 6638
Website: http://chm-thai.onep.go.th
E-mail: chm_thai@onep.go.th
Desinged@Printed: The Interest
1032/203-208 Soi Ruamsirimit, Lad Yao, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900
Telephone: (+662) 272-1169-72
Facsimile: (+662) 272-1173
Email: dokbia1@hotmail.com, dokbia999@gmail.com
Copyright 2014 by: Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

Stuart Lindsay
David Middleton
. 2557. 1.
. . 238
ISBN: 978-616-316-144-4
.. 2557 ... 2537

NORTHERN 21. Buengkan 40. Phetchaburi 58. Prachin Buri
1. Mae Hong Son 22. Sakon Nakhon 41. Prachuap Khiri Khan 59. Chachoengsao
2. Chiang Mai 23. Nakhon Phanom 60. Chon Buri
V. C (central)
3. Chiang Rai 24. Mukdahan 61. Rayong
42. Chai Nat
4. Phayao 25. Kalasin 62. Chanthaburi
43. Sing Buri
5. Nan 26. Maha Sarakham 63. Trat
44. Lop Buri
6. Lamphun 27. Khon Kaen 45. Suphan Buri VII. PEN (peninsular)
7. Lampang
III. E (eastern) 46. Ang Thong 64. Chumphon
8. Phrae
28. Chaiyaphum 47. Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 65. Ranong
9. Uttaradit
29. Nakhon Ratchasima 48. Saraburi 66. Surat Thani
10. Tak
30. Buri Ram 49. Nakhon Pathom 67. Phangnga
11. Sukhothai
31. Surin 50. Pathum Thani 68. Phuket
12. Phitsanulok
32. Roi Et 51. Nakhon Nayok 69. Krabi
13. Kamphaeng Phet
33. Yasothon 52. Nonthaburi 70. Nakhon Si Thammarat
14. Phichit
34. Amnat Charoen 53. Krung Thep Maha Nakhon 71. Phatthalung
15. Nakhon Sawan
35. Si Sa Ket (Bangkok) 72. Trang
II. NE (north-eastern) 36. Ubon Ratchathani 54. Samut Prakan 73. Satun
16. Phetchabun 55. Samut Songkhram 74. Songkhla
IV. SW (south-western)
17. Loei 56. Samut Sakhon 75. Pattani
37. Uthai Thani
18. Nong Bua Lam Phu 76. Yala
38. Kanchanaburi VI. SE (south-eastern)
19. Udon Thani 77. Narathiwat
39. Ratchaburi 57. Sa Kaeo
20. Nong Khai
Contents
PTERIDOPHYTES 24 Araceae
Arecaceae (Palmae)
68
79
Aspleniaceae 24
Asparagaceae 88
Athyriaceae 26
Burmanniaceae 90
Blechnaceae 28
Cannaceae 91
Cibotiaceae 29
Carlemanniaceae 91
Cyatheaceae 29
Centrolepidaceae 91
Davalliaceae 29
Colchicaceae 91
Dennstaedtiaceae 31
Commelinaceae 91
Dipteridaceae 32
Costaceae 94
Dryopteridaceae 32
Cymodoceaceae 94
Equisetaceae 36
Cyperaceae 94
Gleicheniaceae 36
Dioscoreaceae 109
Hymenophyllaceae 37
Dracaenaceae 111
Lindsaeaceae 39
Eriocaulaceae 112
Lomariopsidaceae 40
Flagellariaceae 114
Lycopodiaceae 41
Hanguanaceae 114
Lygodiaceae 42
Heliconiaceae 114
Marattiaceae 42
Hemerocallidaceae 114
Marsileaceae 42
Hydrocharitaceae 114
Matoniaceae 42
Hypoxidaceae 115
Oleandraceae 43
Hyacinthaceae 116
Ophioglossaceae 43
Iridaceae 116
Osmundaceae 43
Juncaceae 116
Plagiogyriaceae 43
Lemnaceae 116
Polypodiaceae 44
Liliaceae 116
Psilotaceae 52
Lomandraceae 116
Pteridaceae subfam. Cheilanthoideae 52
Lowiaceae 116
Pteridaceae subfam. Cryptogrammoideae 53
Marantaceae 117
Pteridaceae subfam. Parkerioideae 53
Musaceae 117
Pteridaceae subfam. Pteridoideae 53
Nartheciaceae 118
Pteridaceae subfam. Vittarioideae 55
Orchidaceae 118
Rhachidosoraceae 57
Pandanaceae 181
Salviniaceae 57
Philydaceae 182
Schizaeaceae 58
Poaceae (Gramineae) 182
Selaginellaceae 58
Poaceae (Gramineae) subfam. Bambusoideae 206
Tectariaceae 60
Pontederiaceae 210
Thelypteridaceae 62
Potamogetonaceae 210
Restionaceae 210
Ruppiaceae 210
GYMNOSPERMS 66 Smilacaceae 210
Cephalotaxaceae 66 Stemonaceae 212
Cupressaceae 66 Strelitziaceae 213
Cycadaceae 66 Taccaceae 213
Gnetaceae 66 Trilliaceae 213
Pinaceae 67 Triuridaceae 213
Podocarpaceae 67 Typhaceae 213
Taxodiaceae 67 Xyridaceae 214
Zingiberaceae 214
Bibliography 231
MONOCOTYLEDONS 68
Acoraceae 68
Alismataceae 68
Amaryllidaceae 68
Aponogetonaceae 68

1
A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume 1
Forward
(GlobalStrategyfor
PlantConservation)
T he Global Strategy for Plant
Conservation (GSPC), under the
Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD) has the vision to halt the
continuing loss of plant diversity, to
conserve and use sustainably the
immense wealth of plant diversity for
our livelihood and well-being. Since
plants are recognized as a vital
components of the worlds biological
diversity that support basic needs of
human livelihood, including food,
medicines, clothing, and energy
sources. Furthermore, many wild
plants have great economic and
cultural importance and potential.
Plants play a key role in maintaining
(Convention on Biological the planets basic environmental
balance and ecosystem stability and
Diversity) provide an irreplaceable component
of the habitats for the worlds animal
life.
89

10

6 1
In order to ensure the further
work of plant conservation in Thailand,
and to achieve the goals set out in
the GSPC and CBDs objectives and
provisions, including Article 8 and 9
of the Convention (In-situ and Ex-situ
conservation) and Article 10
188 (Sustainable Use of Components of
Biological Diversity), Thailand, as the
29 2547 188th contracting party to the CBD on
29 January, 2004, has obligations to
implement the Convention, and the
Ofce of Natural Resources and
Environmental Policy and Planning
(ONEP), as Thailands national focal
(AChecklistofPlantsinThailand) point of the CBD, had compiled and
published a Checklist of Plants in
Thailand, to enhance knowledge of
plant diversity in Thailand, to raise
awareness, promote and encourage
studies and researches on plant
diversity, and further to fair and
equitable sharing of benets derived
from plant diversity at all levels. This
checklist is a resource for those
working in plant conservation and
management, in particular to support
conservation practitioners and policy
makers. Since the international
community has recognized the
importance of plant diversity, a
number of CBD member states have
compiled and published a working list
of known plant species as fundamental
(A Checklist of Plants in Thailand) requirement for plant conservation
and provides a baseline for the
achievement and monitoring of the
implementation in their country.

The ONEP hopes that this
checklist will be a useful reference for
botanists, researchers, lecturers,
teachers and students, and all
interested parties regarding plant
diversity in Thailand, and could
provide a substantial basic platform
for furthering research and study on
ora in the nature.
A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 7

Introduction
A checklist of plants in Thailand is

a compilation of surveys and
research information of all known
vascular plants in Thailand, including
botanical names, vernacular names
(if identied), habitat, region,
(vascular distribution and uses (if identied).
plants) The data and information was based

on taxonomic study from related

institutions and herbaria in Thailand

and other countries, integrated with

inventories across the country,
(botanical name)
namely: northern (N), north-eastern
(vernacularname)()(habit)
(NE), eastern (E), south-western
(region) (SW), central (C), south-eastern (SE)
(distribution) (habitat) and the peninsular (P). The study of
(uses)() plants in neighboring countries of
Indochina Region (Lao, Cambodia,
Vietnam) Malay Peninsula and
(Northern Malesia including Malaysia (Sabah
N)(North-EasternNE) and Sarawak), Singapore, Indonesia
(Eastern E) and Philippines, to Sunda Islands and
(South-WesternSW)(CentralC) New Guinea, had also been studied
(South-EasternSE) and compared to conrm and verify
(PeninsularP) the occurrence of selected plant
species in Thailand and the
distribution of such species in other
() countries. In order to ensure the
accuracy, the author has coordinated
8 1
with relevant experts and plant
taxonomists to check and verify data
in this checklist.
A Checklist of Plants in Thailand

has two volumes: volume 1 comprise
(AChecklistofPlants
of Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and
inThailand)21
Angiosperms (Monocotyledons); and
(Pteridophytes) (Gymnosperms)
volume 2 concerning all Dicotyledons,
(Angiosperms) classied under Angiosperm
(Monocotyledons) 2 Phylogeny Group version III, and
(Dicotyledons) claried in alphabetical order.
(AngiospermPhylogeny
Group version III) For further suggestions and
information, please kindly contact the
author, to assist in developing the

complete a checklist of plants in
Thailand.


Actinostachys wagneri (Selling) Aglaomorpha coronans (Wall. ex Mett.) Copel. Brainea insignis (Hook.) J. Sm.
C.F. Reed
Adiantum membranifolium S. Linds. & Suksathan
10 1
Davallia heterophylla Sm. Didymoglossum motleyi (Bosch) Ebihara & K. Iwats.
Dipteris conjugata Reinw. Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook.

Lygodium salicifolium C. Presl Neocheiropteris normalis (D. Don) Tagawa
Pteris wallichiana J. Agardh Pteris subquinata Wall. ex J. Agardh
12 1
Osmunda angustifolia Ching Selliguea pui Hovenkamp
Cephalotaxus mannii Hook.f. Nageia wallichiana (C. Presl) Kuntze
Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook. Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gard.

Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don Gnetum gnemon L.
Crinum thaianum J. Schulze Burmannia disticha L.
Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb. Stichoneuron calcicola Inthachub
14 1
Ariopsis protanthera N.E. Br. Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites
Pothos scandens L. Typhonium roxburghii Schott

Limnocharis ava (L.) Buchenau Philydrum lanuginosum Banks ex Gaertn.
Gloriosa superba L. Flagellaria indica L.
16 1
Phoenix loureiroi Kunth Kerriodoxa elegans J. Dransf.
Borassodendron machadonis (Ridl.) Becc. Nypa fruticans Wurmb

Metroxylon sagu Rottb. Arenga hookeriana (Becc.) Whitmore
Typha angustifolia L. Canna indica L.
18 1
Lilium primulinum Baker var. burmanicum (W.W. Smith) Stearn Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl.
Cyanotis axillaris (L.) Sweet Streptolirion volubile Edgew.
Iris collettii J.D. Hook. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze Freycinetia javanica Blume
Bletilla sinensis Schltr. Bulbophyllum dayanum Rchb.f.
Calanthe pulchra (Blume) Lindl. Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf.
20 1
Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f.) Stein Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Cyperus involucratus Rottb. Khaosokia caricoides D.A. Simpson, Chayam. & J.Parn.
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd Paspalum canarae (Steud.) Veldkamp

Leersia hexandra Sw. Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Stapf
Cheilocostus globosus (Blume) C.Specht Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Knig) C.Specht
22 1
Cucurma alismatifolia Gagnep. Etlingera corneri J. Mood & H. Ibrahim
Hedychium longicornutum Griff. Ex Bak. Smithatris supraneanae W.J. Kress & K. Larsen

PTERIDOPHYTES
Aspleniaceae Asplenium ensiforme Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Asplenium afne Sw.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, SW China, Indochina, Japan.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Buri;
Habitat. On tree-trunks or rocks in lower montane forest, at
P: Phangnga.
high altitudes.
Distribution. Madagascar, Mascarene Islands, Seychelles,
Sri Lanka, S India, Hainan, Laos, Cambodia, Malesia to Asplenium exiguum Bedd.
Fiji. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks, 400-1,300 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. S India, Himalaya to China, N Vietnam,
Asplenium antrophyoides Christ Taiwan, Philippines.
Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On moist mossy limestone cliffs, 1,450-2,100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. SW China, Laos, Vietnam. Asplenium nlaysonianum Wall. ex Hook.
Habitat. On moist limestone cliffs, ca 1,900 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Region. P: Pattani.
Asplenium batuense Alderw.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic or terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On wet rocks or tree trunks, evergreen forest.
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung,
Yala. Asplenium grevillei Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Peninsular Malaysia Habit. Terrestrial fern.
and the adjacent islands. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt. Khon Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Trat;
P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Asplenium cardiophyllum (Hance) Baker
Trang, Pattani.
Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. In evergreen forest, at high and low altitudes.
Distribution. S China, S Japan, Vietnam.
Habitat. In limestone rock crevices or calcareous soil in semi Asplenium gueinzianum Mett. ex Kuhn
shade areas, ca 420 m alt. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Asplenium confusum Tardieu & Ching Distribution. S Africa, S India, Himalaya, Sri Lanka, China,
Indochina, Taiwan, Japan, Hawaii.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Buri Ram; SE:
Habitat. On muddy rocks, 1,800-2,000 m alt.
Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Surat Asplenium humbertii Tardieu
Thani, Phangnga. Lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Indochina. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or often on root mass of Distribution. N Vietnam.
Asplenium nidus in dry and evergreen forests, low to Habitat. On wet limestone cliff, ca 500 m alt.
medium altitudes. Asplenium inaequilaterale Willd.
Asplenium contiguum Kaulf. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. S Africa, Mascarenes, S India, Sri Lanka.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, China, Philippines, Vanuatu, Habitat. On rocks in streams, ca 1,550 m alt.
Hawaii. Asplenium interjectum Christ
Habitat. Vertical side of a large boulder in thin soil and leaf Habit. Lithophytic fern.
litter in hill evergreen forest on sandstone. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Asplenium crinicaule Hance Distribution. China, N Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On moist rocks, usually on limestone, lower
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang; montane forest, 500-1,600 m alt.
NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Asplenium laciniatum D. Don
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Distribution. India, S China, Indochina. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or muddy rocks, lower Distribution. S Africa, Sri Lanka, India, Himalaya, China,
montane forest, 900-1,600 m alt. Indochina, Japan, Hawaii.
Asplenium delavayi (Franch.) Copel. Habitat. In moist muddy crevices of mossy limestone cliffs,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. 1,900-2,000 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei. Asplenium longissimum Blume
Distribution. SW China, India, Upper Myanmar, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
N Vietnam. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. In muddy crevices of calcareous rocks, ca 900 m alt. Distribution. Indochina to W Malesia.
24 1
Habitat. On rather dry ground along path in light shade, Asplenium phyllitidis D. Don subsp. phyllitidis
ca 200 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Asplenium macrophyllum Sw. Region. N: Lampang, Tak.
Habit. Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial fern. Distribution. Himalaya, Laos.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri; P: Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or muddy rocks, at medium
Troughout the region. altitudes.
Distribution. Old World tropics, E Africa to Polynesia, to Asplenium phyllitidis D. Don subsp. malesicum Holttum
Vietnam and Taiwan. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rocks, mossy tree-trunks, calcareous rocky Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon
slopes, evergreen forest, below 700 m alt. Nayok, Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani,
Uses. Potential as ornamental. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
Asplenium nidus L. var. nidus Distribution. Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Sumatra, New Guinea.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks, muddy rocks in montane
Distribution. Old World tropics. forest or by streams, to medium altitudes.
Habitat. On tree-trunks or rocks, to 2,000 m alt. Asplenium polyodon G. Forst.
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Asplenium nidus L. var. musifolium (Mett.) C. Chr. Region. E: Buri Ram; P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Thammarat, Phatthalung, Phangnga.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Distribution. Old World tropics.
Thammarat. Habitat. On mossy trunks in mountain forests.
Distribution. W Malesia. Asplenium rockii C. Chr.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Asplenium nitidum Sw. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habitat. On lower tree-trunks in montane forest, medium to
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, E Himalaya, W Malesia high altitudes.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, at low altitudes. Asplenium salignum Blume
Asplenium normale D. Don Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic fern. Region. SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE; Thammarat, Satun, Yala.
Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; C; Nakhon Nayok; Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Malesia.
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habitat. On tree-trunks or moist mossy rocks in humid
Songkhla. places usually along streams, evergreen forest,
Distribution. Old World tropics, north to Himalaya and 100-800 m alt.
Japan. Asplenium scortechinii Bedd.
Habitat. On Sphagnum-bog, wet rocks, in crevices of cliffs, Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
or tree-trunks, above 1,000 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Asplenium paradoxum Blume Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Pattani, Yala.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Distribution. Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. NE: Loei; P: Pattani. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy rocks, 900-1,600
Distribution. W Malesia. m alt.
Habitat. On moist muddy rocks in montane and evergreen Asplenium siamense Tagawa & K. Iwats.
forests, to 1,500 m alt. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Asplenium pellucidum Lam. Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; E: Nakhon Habitat. Sandstone rock, ca 1,300 m alt.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Asplenium simonsianum Hook.
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Satun, Yala. Region. N: Tak.
Distribution. Old World tropics, from E Africa to New Distribution. India (Assam).
Guinea, north to Sikkim. Habitat. In moist forests by streams, at medium altitudes.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or moist muddy rocks
usually near streams, 100-900 m alt.
Asplenium tenerum G. Forst.
Asplenium perakense C.G. Matthew & Christ Region. N: Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi, SE: Chanthaburi;
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala,
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Narathiwat.
Thammarat. Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India to Polynesia, north to
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Vietnam and Taiwan.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or moist rocks in lower Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rocks in dense forests,
montane forest, 1,000-1,700 m alt. 500-1,100 m alt.

Asplenium tenuifolium D. Don Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Lithophytic or terrestrial fern. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Chumphon. Habitat. On muddy banks, at high altitude above 2,000 m alt.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Nepal, India (Assam), SW Hymenasplenium obscurum (Blume) Tagawa
China, Indochina, Taiwan. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Habitat. Lower montane forest along streams in moist Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun.
places. Distribution. Madagascar, Sri Lanka, S India, E Himalaya,
Asplenium thunbergii Kunze Myanmar, Indochina, S China, Taiwan, Malesia.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On wet sandy ground or moist muddy rocks in
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. evergreen forest, 900-1,600 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, W Malesia
Habitat. On trees or mossy rocks in evergreen forest, ca 900 m. Athyriaceae
Asplenium truncatum Blume Athyrium anisopterum Christ
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; P: Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. SE Asia. Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Himalaya, Myanmar, SW
Habitat. On mossy trunks or mossy rocks in dense forests. China, Taiwan, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
and Luzon.
Asplenium vittaeforme Cav. Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest,
Habit. Lithophytic or epiphytic fern. above 1,800 m alt.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang.
Distribution. Malesia. Athyrium cumingianum (C. Presl) Milde
Habitat. On muddy rocks in evergreen forest, ca 600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Asplenium yoshinagae Makino Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; C:
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri; P:
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; Lamphun, Nan, Tak; Phangnga.
NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen; SW: Phetchaburi, C: Distribution. Himalaya, S India, Sri Lanka, Laos,
Saraburi; P: Surat Thani. Cambodia, Philippines.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, S China, Habitat. On sandy or muddy slopes in mixed forests, up to
Indochina, Taiwan, Philippines, Japan. 1,100 m alt., usually conned to places completely
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests, above 1,300 exposed in the dry season.
m alt.
Athyrium cuspidatum (Bedd.) M. Kato
Hymenasplenium apogamum (N. Murak. & Hatan.) Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Nakaike Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Nepal, Assain, Upper Myanmar, SW China.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak; C: Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in mixed or
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: evergreen forests, 800-1,600 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; P: Throughout the region.
Distribution. Old World tropics, Japan. Athyrium dissitifolium (Baker) C. Chr.
Habitat. On wet sandy slopes on moist muddy rocks along Habit. Terrestrial fern.
streams, 700-1,800 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Lamphun.
Hymenasplenium cheilosorum (Kunze ex Mett.) Tagawa Distribution. E Himalaya, Yunnan.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On rather dry ground or mountain slopes in mixed or
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: evergreen forests, 600-1,500 m alt.
Phetchabun; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, E Himalaya, S China, Athyrium mackinnonii (C. Hope) C. Chr.
Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Philippines, Taiwan, Japan. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE:
Habitat. On moist muddy rocks or terrestrial on wet sandy Chanthaburi.
slopes usually along streams in lower montane forest, Distribution. India, SW China, Indochina.
1,000-1,800 m alt. Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen
forest, 1,100-l,300 m alt.
Hymenasplenium excisum (C. Presl) S. Linds.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Athyrium setiferum C. Chr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; C: Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Satun. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Sri Lanka, S India, Himalaya, Distribution. Himalaya, Yunnan.
Malesia to Polynesia and Hawaii, north to N Vietnam, S Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes near streams in dense
China, Taiwan and the Ryukus. mossy forests, 2,000-2,500 m alt.
Habitat. On wet ground or wet muddy rocks usually along Cornopteris opaca (D. Don) Tagawa
streams in dense forests, 300-1,500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Hymenasplenium inthanonense N. Murak. & J. Yokoy. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW:
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Phetchaburi.
26 1
Distribution. N India, Nepal to SW Japan, south to Vietnam Region. NE: Loei.
and Java. Distribution. S China, Japan, Ryukyus, Taiwan, Philippines.
Habitat. On mountain slopes, ca 1,000 m alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Deparia petersenii (Kunze) M. Kato Diplazium donianum (Mett.) Tardieu
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C:
Distribution. Himalayas to E Australia and New Zealand. Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. On muddy rocks near streams, 600-800 m alt. Distribution. N India to S China and Taiwan, north to S
Deparia subuvialis (Hayata) M. Kato Japan, south to Indochina.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On mountain slopes in light shade or in dense
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Tak. evergreen forest, at low elevations lower than 800 m alt.
Distribution. China, Philippines. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.
Habitat. Wet sandy stream-beds in deep shade, ca Habit. Terrestrial fern.
1,000-1,400 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Diplazium accedens Blume Lampang, Tak; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi, Nakhon
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Nayok, Bangkok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Region. P: Ranong, Yala. Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani, Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Malesia. Distribution. Tropics of Asia, north to C China and S Japan,
Habitat. On moist ground by streams in evergreen jungle, at east to Pacic Islands.
low altitude. Habitat. On moist, level ground in paddy elds or along
rivers in open places, below 800 m alt.
Diplazium bantamense Blume
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Diplazium heterophlebium (Mett. ex Baker) Diels
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. W Malesia. Distribution. E Himalaya to Yunnan, south to N Vietnam
Habitat. On mountain slopes near streams in dense and Peninsular Malaysia, north to Isl. Yakushima.
evergreen forest, at medium altitudes. Habitat. Along streams in moist hill evergreen forest, ca
1,750 m alt.
Diplazium conterminum Christ
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Diplazium leptophyllum Christ
Region. N: Phitsanulok; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Vietnam, S China, Ryukyu, and SW Japan. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, 900-1,500 m Distribution. Yunnan, Myanmar.
alt. Habitat. On moist ground or mountain slopes in dense
mixed or evergreen forests, 850-1,600 m alt.
Diplazium cordifolium Blume
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Diplazium malaccense C. Presl
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Narathiwat. Region. P: Surat Thani, Trang, Yala.
Distribution. Malesia throughout eastwards to the Solomon Distribution. Indochina to Malesia.
Islands. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
Habitat. On moist sandy mountain slopes in dense gloomy medium altitudes.
forests locally fairly abundant, at low or medium Diplazium megaphyllum (Baker) Christ
altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Diplazium crenato-serratum (Blume) T. Moore Region. N: Tak.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. E Myanmar, SW China, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habitat. Along streamlets in moist evergreen forest, ca 800
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Yala. m alt.
Distribution. Malesia. Diplazium mettenianum (Miq.) C. Chr.
Habitat. On moist mountain slopes in dense evergreen Habit. Terrestrial fern.
forest, below 1,000 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Diplazium dilatatum Blume Distribution. N Vietnam, China, Taiwan to Japan.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On humus-rich slopes in dense forests, ca 1,100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Diplazium muricatum (Mett.) Alderw.
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; Habit. Terrestrial fern.
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Trang. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Java.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Ryukyu, S Habitat. On moist mountain slopes in dense forests, at high
Japan, Indochina, Malesia to N Australia. altitudes.
Habitat. On moist or humus-rich mountain slopes in dense Diplazium petelotii Tardieu
gloomy forests, rather common at 400-1,500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Diplazium doederleinii (Luerss.) Makino Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. N Vietnam.

Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
medium to high altitudes. Distribution. Vietnam to Malesia.
Diplazium petrii Tardieu Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen
Habit. Terrestrial fern. forest, 600-1,400 m alt.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Diplazium subintegrum Holttum
Distribution. Indochina, Ryukyu, Taiwan. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen Region. N: Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat.
forest, rather rare at 1,000-1,400 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Diplazium polypodioides Blume Habitat. On rather dry ground near rivers in light shade, at
Habit. Terrestrial fern. medium altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Tak, Diplazium subserratum Blume
Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. P: Satun.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Himalaya, Indochina, Distribution. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java.
Malesia, north to Taiwan. Habitat. On moist mountain slopes by streams in evergreen
Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes, forest margin or in jungle, ca 700 m alt.
clearings, at various elevations. Diplazium subsinuatum (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Tagawa
Uses. Medicinal. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Diplazium prescottianum (Wall. ex Hook.) T. Moore Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India to China, Indochina, Taiwan
Region. SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. to Japan, south to Luzon and Borneo.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. On sandstone boulders along streams in evergreen
Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, ca 1,175 m alt.
forest, at medium altitudes. Diplazium taiwanense Tagawa
Diplazium procumbens Holttum Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. C: Nakhon Nayok.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi. Distribution. N Vietnam and Taiwan to SW Japan.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. On moist ground along rivers in light shade, ca 800
Habitat. Moist shady forest. m alt.
Diplazium riparium Holttum Diplazium tomentosum Blume
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Satun, Yala. Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout the region.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam,
Habitat. On muddy rocks or earth by streams in dense Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Mindanao.
forests, at low altitudes. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest,
Diplazium siamense C. Chr. below 800 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Diplazium virescens Kunze
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Phitsanulok; Habit. Terrestrial fern.
NE: Phetchabun, Loei. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. China, Japan, Ryukyus, Taiwan.
Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in mixed or Habitat. Not recorded.
evergreen forests, 850-1,500 m alt. Diplazium xiphophyllum (Baker) C. Chr.
Diplazium silvaticum (Bory) Sw. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala,
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; Narathiwat.
P: Throughout the region. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
Distribution. Mauritius, India, Myanmar, Peninsular Habitat. On moist mountain slopes in dense evergreen
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Philippines. forest, at medium altitudes.
Habitat. On mountain slopes, moist places in dense
evergreen forest, below 1,200 m alt. Blechnaceae
Diplazium simplicivenium Holttum Blechnum nlaysonianum Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
Region. SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia to New Guinea.
Satun, Yala. Habitat. In shade along large streams, ca 440 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Blechnum indicum Burm.f.
Habitat. On moist mountain slopes in dense evergreen Habit. Terrestrial fern.
forest, 400-1,500 m alt. Region. NE: Loei; P: Surat Thani.
Diplazium sorzogonense (C. Presl) C. Presl Distribution. India (Mishmee), Indochina, Malesia
Habit. Terrestrial fern. throughout (type from Java) to Polynesia and Australia.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habitat. On plains in lower montain forest or near sea coast.
28 1
Blechnum orientale L. Cyathea chinensis Copel.
Region. All over the country. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok,
Distribution. Tropics of Asia, Australia and the Pacic, Phetchabun.
India.to Polynesia, north to Yakushima. Distribution. E Himalayas, Yunnan, Indochina.
Habitat. On rather dry open slopes or in light shade, at low Habitat. On moist slopes at edge of lower montane forest,
or medium altitudes. ca 1,200 m alt.
Uses. Water extract possessed antifungal properties. Cyathea contaminans (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel.
Brainea insignis (Hook.) J. Sm. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Trat; P: Phangnga,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
Phrae, Tak; NW: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat. Distribution. N India, Malesia.
Distribution. Himalayas, S China, Myanmar, Indochina, Habitat. On mountain slopes or stream banks in dense
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. eyergreen forest or open areas, at low altitudes.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in not so dense forests or in Uses. Edible, ornamental. Used for building and hedging.
recent clearings, 1,000-1,200 m alt. Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum
Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Climbing fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SE:
Region. NE: Loei; C: Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Surat
Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Trang, Satun. Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Distribution. N and S India, S China, Indochina, Malesia Yala.
and Polynesia to Australia. Distribution. E Himalaya, S India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S
Habitat. On tree-trunks, or rarely terrestrial or rocks in China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, W Java.
rather dry places in shade, at low altitudes below 400 m alt. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest,
Uses. Various medicinal uses. lower montane forest, ca.1,300 m alt.
Woodwardia harlandii Hook. Cyathea latebrosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel.

Region. NE: Loei. Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Distribution. South Japan, South China, Taiwan and Vietnam. Chanthaburi, Trat; P Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habitat. On dry hill slope in hill evergreen forest, Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
semi-shade, 1,200 m alt. Distribution. Laos, Cambodia, Hainan, Peninsular
Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm. Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dense evergreen
Habit. Terrestrial fern. forest, below l,000 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; NE: Loei.
Distribution. Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Laos and Cyathea moluccana R. Br.
Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in pine forest or not so dense Region. P: Narathiwat.
evergreen forest, at 900-1,550 m alt. Distribution. Malesia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Cibotiaceae Cyathea podophylla (Hook.) Copel.
Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Nakhon Nayok;
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Distribution. S China, Indochina, Taiwan, the Ryukyus.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Yala. Habitat. On mountain slopes usually near streams in shade,
Distribution. Himalayas to S China and Taiwan, south to W 800-1,200 m alt.
Malesia, north to the Ryukyus. Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex Hook.
Habitat. On open hill slopes and stream banks in evergreen Habit. Terrestrial fern.
and lower montane forests, 500-1,500 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Uses. Medicinal. Distribution. E Himalaya, S India, Myanmar, SW China,
Taiwan, S Japan.
Cyatheaceae Habitat. In deep shade usually in moist places in the lower
Cyathea borneensis Copel. montane forest, ca 700 m alt.
Region. E: Buri Ram; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; Davalliaceae
P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakon Si Thammarat, Satun, Davallia angustata Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
Trang. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Region. P: Songkhla, Yala.
Habitat. On rather dry ground near rivers in evergreen and Distribution. W Malesia.
montane forests, 400-1,800 m alt. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests.

Davallia corniculata T. Moore half-shaded places in dense forests, 1,000-1,600 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Davallia solida (G. Forst.) Sw.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Habitat. On fallen tree-trunks in half-shaded places on Throughout the region.
ridges, 1,400 m alt. Distribution. Malesia and Polynesia, north to Indochina and
Davallia denticulata (Burm.f.) Mett. ex Kuhn S China.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On tree-trunks or rocks or in some dense evergreen
Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; E: Nakhon forest, below 300 m alt.
Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; Uses. Medicinal.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Throughout Davallia trichomanoides Blume var. trichomanoides
the region.
Distribution. Old World tropics, Madagascar to Polynesia

and Australia, north to Laos, Hainan and Guangdong.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. On dry rocks or tree-trunks in evergreen forest or
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalayas, Vietnam, Malesia
half-shaded places, mostly below 200 m alt.
Habitat. On high mossy branchlets of trees in evergreen
Uses. Ornamental.
forest on ridges, at low to medium altitudes.
Davallia divaricata Blume Uses. Attractive indoor ornamental.
Davallia trichomanoides Blume var. lorrainii (Hance)
Region. E: Buri Ram; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Surat Thani,
Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Holttum
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Hainan, Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, New Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang,
Guinea. Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rocks near streams in light Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi,
shade or in clearing and on ridge, at low or medium altitudes. Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Thammarat.
Davallia embolostegia Copel. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mossy rocks or bases of tree-trunks in light
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. shade to dense evergreen forest, 800-1,400 m alt.
Distribution. Malesia and the western Pacics.
Habitat. In evergreen forest. Davallodes hymenophylloides (Blume) M. Kato &
Tsutsumi
Davallia heterophylla Sm. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. SE: Prachin Buri.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, W Malesia.
Thammarat, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Habitat. At medium to high altitudes.
Distribution. Malesia throughout to the Pacic, north to S
Vietnam. Davallodes imbricatum (Ching) M. Kato & Tsutsumi
Habitat. On branches of trees or rocks in dense forests. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun.
Davallia pectinata Sm. Distribution. China.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest,
Region. P: Surat Thani, Narathiwat. 900-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Malesia throughout, North to S Vietnam.
Habitat. On rocks or branches in evergreen forest, 300 m alt. Davallodes membranulosa (Hook.) Copel.
Davallia perdurans Christ Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Distribution. Himalayas to Yunnan and Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Epiphytic on mossy tree-trunks or moist mossy
Distribution. SW China, Myanmar. limestone in dense evergreen forest, 600-2,000 m alt.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense hill evergreen forest,
above 1,900 m alt. Davallodes pseudocystopteris (Kunze) M. Kato &
Tsutsumi
Davallia petelotii Tardieu & C. Chr. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Distribution. Himalayas, Upper Myanmar, SW China.
Distribution. Laos. Habitat. On half-shaded tree-trunks or rocks in wooded
Habitat. River-banks, 450 m alt. limestone areas, 2,000 m alt.
Davallia repens (L.f.) Kuhn Davallodes pulchra (D. Don) M. Kato & Tsutsumi
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Region. All over the country. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Distribution. Madagascar and Seychelles, Mascarene Lamphun, Tak; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Islands, Himalayas to S Japan, SE Asia, Malesia to Distribution. Himalayas to Yunnan and Indochina.
Polynesia and Australia. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rocks in dense evergreen
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rather dry rocks in forest, 900-2,000 m alt.
30 1
Davallodes viscidula (Kuhn) Alderw. N Vietnam, Taiwan and Ryukyus, southwards to Borneo,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Sumatra and Java.
Region. P: Trang. Habitat. On rather dry ground in shade or sandy ground
Distribution. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, New along streams in evergreen forest, 700-1,200 m alt.
Guinea. Microlepia kurzii (C.B. Clarke) Bedd.
Habitat. On rather dry rocks in dense forest on ridges, 800 Habit. Terrestrial fern.
m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang.
Distribution. Upper Myanmar and Yunnan.
Dennstaedtiaceae Habitat. On rather dry slopes in lower montane forest, at
Dennstaedtia scabra (Wall. ex Hook.) T. Moore middle altitudes.
Microlepia platyphylla (D. Don) J. Sm.
Distribution. India to Myanmar and China, Indochina,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun.
Taiwan, Philippines, Borneo and Sulawesi, north to
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalaya to SW China, Taiwan,
Japan.
Indochina and Philippines.
Habitat. At summit of Doi Inthanon in Sphagnum-bog.
Habitat. Usually on wet ground along small streams in light
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm. shade in evergreen forest, rather rare, 900-1,600 m alt.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P:
Microlepia puberula Alderw.
Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi;
Distribution. Pantropical.
P: Yala.
Habitat. On rather dry exposed slopes usually at edges of
Distribution. W Malesia.
lower montane forest, at medium altitudes.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in evergreen forest, or
Hypolepis punctata (Thunb.) Mett. ex Kuhn sometimes in open areas, at low altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW:
Microlepia ridleyi Copel.
Phetchaburi.
Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. Old World tropics, northwards to Japan and
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
Korea and southwards to New Zealand.
Habitat. Terrestrial in humus rich ground near streams in
Habitat. On marshy ground or wet sandy slopes in open
lowland evergreen forest.
areas or in light shade in lower montane forest,
1,000-1,400 m alt. Microlepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore
Uses. Medicinal uses and as ornamental. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. All over the country.
Microlepia calvescens (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Presl
Habitat. Usually on rather dry slopes in open areas or in
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang,
light shade, up to 1,200 m alt.
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Uses. As a green vegetable and as medicinal plant.
P: Phangnga.
Distribution. E Himalaya, Upper Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl
Vietnam, Java. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On dry but usually humus-rich slopes in evergreen Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
forest, 750-1,200 m alt. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon,
Yala.
Microlepia rma Mett. ex Kuhn
Distribution. Himalayas to Sri Lanka and Polynesia,
northwards to Japan.
Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dense evergreen
Distribution. E Himalaya to SW China and Upper
forest, at middle or higher altitudes.
Myanmar, Sri Lanka.
Habitat. On clayey soil in dense lower montane forest, Microlepia taiwaniana Tagawa
above 1,800 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Microlepia herbacea Ching & C. Chr. ex Tardieu & C. Chr.
Distribution. Taiwan.
Habitat. On moist ground or along streams in dense
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei;
evergreen forest, 400-1,000 m alt.
C: Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, maybe S China. Microlepia trapeziformis (Roxb.) Kuhn
Habitat. On rather dry slopes with humus in evergreen Habit. Terrestrial fern.
forest, at high altitudes. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW:
Kanchanaburi.
Microlepia hookeriana (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Presl
Distribution. Sri Lanka, E Himalaya to SW China,
Indochina, southwards to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
and Java.
Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense lower montane forest,
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
1,300-2,200 m alt.
Distribution. E Himalaya and Upper Myanmar to S China,

Monachosorum henryi Christ Arachniodes cavalerii (Christ) Ohwi
Region. NE: Loei. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Himalayas to Taiwan, S China and Indochina. Distribution. S China, N.Vietnam and southern edge of
Habitat. On rocky ground in dense humid forest. Japan.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. japonicum (Nakai) Habitat. In evergreen forest, at high altitude.
. Lve & D. Lve Arachniodes chinensis (Rosenst.) Ching
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei. Region. N: Chiang Rai; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Cosmopolitan. Distribution. S & SW China, Indochina, Peninsular
Habitat. Often forming dense thickets in open areas, to Malaysia.
2,000 m alt. Habitat. On mountain slopes in evergreen forest, at medium
or high altitudes.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. wightianum (J.
Agardh) W.C. Shieh Arachniodes henryi (Christ) Ching
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei. Lamphun, Lampang.
Distribution. Cosmopolitan. Distribution. SW China, Upper Myanmar, N Vietnam.
Habitat. Often forming dense thickets in open areas, to Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dense evergreen
2,000 m alt., forest, 800-1,400 m alt.
Pteridium semihastatum (Wall. ex J. Agardh) S.B. Andrews Arachniodes speciosa (D. Don) Ching
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Distribution. Himalaya to SW China and Vietnam.
Trat: P: Chumphon, Surat Thani. Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in mixed or
Distribution. Himalaya, Malesia, Australia. evergreen forests, at medium altitudes.
Habitat. Often forming dense thickets in open areas, to Arachniodes spectabilis (Ching) Ching
2,000 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Uses. Eaten as a vegetable and numerous medicinal uses. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Lampang, Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Dipteridaceae Chanthaburi.
Cheiropleuria bicuspis (Blume) C. Presl Distribution. E Himalayas and Yunnan.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On rather dry or humus-rich mountain slopes in
Region. NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. mixed or evergreen forests, 300-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Malesia, northwards to the Arachniodes subreexipinna (Ogata) Ching
warmer parts of Japan through Taiwan and the Ryukyus. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. Rather rare on clayey slope along path in dense Region. N: Phitsanulok.
forests, 1,000-1,800 m alt. Distribution. Taiwan.
Dipteris conjugata Reinw. Habitat. Unknown in Thailand.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Bolbitis angustipinna (Hayata) H. Ito
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Trang, Yala. Region. N: Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
Distribution. Vietnam, Cambodia, Malesia to Polynesia and Ratchasima.
Australia, northwards to Taiwan and S Ryukyus (Iriomote). Distribution. Himalayas to Sri Lanka, eastwards to Taiwan
Habitat. On clayey slopes in or at edge of evergreen forest, and Luzon.
rather common and abundant, higher than 1,000 m alt. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest,
Uses. Medicinal and ornamental. 500-1,100 m alt.
Dryopteridaceae Bolbitis appendiculata (Willd.) K. Iwats.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Acrophorus nodosus C. Presl Region. All over the country.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. S China, India to SE Asia generally, Malesia,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. northwards to Taiwan and the Ryukyus
Distribution. Himalayas to S China and Taiwan, north to Isl. Habitat. On muddy rocks near streams or in streambeds in
Yakushima. dense forests or in light shade, usually below 1,200 m alt.
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest,
higher than 1,800 m alt. Bolbitis copelandii Ching ex C. Chr. & Tardieu
Arachniodes assamica (Kuhn) Ohwi Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Ratchasima, Buri Ram, Ubon Ratchathani; C: Nakhon
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Rayong.
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, SW China, N Vietnam, Distribution. Indochina.
Japan. Habitat. On rather dry to moist mountain slopes or muddy
Habitat. In lower montane forest along streamlets, 2,200 m alt.
32 1
rocks in dense evergreen forest usually up to 600 m alt. SW: Phetchaburi; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi;
Bolbitis costata (C. Presl) Ching ex C. Chr. P: Surat Thani.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Yunnan, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang. Habitat. On mountain slopes often near streams in dense
Distribution. Himalayas. mountain forests, 800-1,200 m alt.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in mountain forests, 600-1,000 Bolbitis virens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) var. compacta
m alt. Hennipman
Bolbitis deltigera (Bedd.) C. Chr. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga, Trang.
Region. N: Lampang, Phrae, Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi; Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, S Vietnam.
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chachoengsao. Habitat. Moist ground by streams in dense evergreen forest,
Distribution. N India. under 300 m alt.
Habitat. On moist rocks or humus-rich ground in dense Ctenitis dumrongii Tagawa & K. Iwats.
forests, seasonally dry, 600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Bolbitis heteroclita (C. Presl) Ching ex C. Chr. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Habitat. On moist banks of streamlets in dense evergreen
Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chachoengsao, forest, at medium altitudes.
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ctenitis subobscura (Christ) Holttum
Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar, S and SW China, Thammarat, Yala.
Taiwan, Ryukyu, Indochina, Malesia, New Guinea. Distribution. NE India and Malesia.
Habitat. On wet ground or muddy moist rocks usually near Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
streams in dense forests, at low or medium altitudes. medium altitudes.
Bolbitis hookeriana K. Iwats. Ctenitis vilis (Kunze) Ching
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; Region. P: Ranong, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Malesia.
Distribution. N India, Indochina. Habitat. By large streams, at sea level.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
medium altitude.
Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm.
Bolbitis scalpturata (Fe) Ching Region. E: Chaiyaphum.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Japan, S Korea, SE China, Indochina.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. On sandstone in shady river border in forest, 600 m
Distribution. Myanmar, Indo-China, Malesia. alt.
Habitat. On rocks in dense forests, 200-800 m alt.
Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm.
Bolbitis sinensis (Baker) K. Iwats. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic or epiphytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; SE: Chanthaburi;
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Phangnga,
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Yala.
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, SW China, Vietnam. Distribution. Pantropical.
Habitat. Usually on humus-rich slopes in dense mountain Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen
forests, sometimes on muddy rocks or even on base of forest, at medium or high altitudes.
tree-trunks, fairly common at high altitude, 500-1,800 m alt.
Dryopteris cochleata (D. Don) C. Chr.
Bolbitis sinuata (C. Presl) Hennipman Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala. Lamphun, Tak; NE: Loei.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, eastwards to Distribution. Himalayas, Myanmar, S China, Philippines, E
the Philippines. Java.
Habitat. On wet mossy rocks by streams in dense evergreen Habitat. Fairly common, especially in mixed forests, on
forest, at low altitude. clayey or rather dry slopes, at low to medium altitudes,
Bolbitis tonkinensis (C. Chr. ex Ching) K. Iwats. Dryopteris diffracta (Baker) C. Chr.
Region. N: Chiang Rai. Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Distribution. N Vietnam, Cambodia. Distribution. China, Indochina, Taiwan.
Habitat. Collected, 550-950 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, in deep leaf litter on
Bolbitis virens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Schott var. virens sandstone bedrock, 1,500-1,600 m alt.
Dryopteris gymnophylla (Baker) C. Chr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Phrae, Tak; NE: Loei; Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen.

Distribution. C China, Japan. Habitat. On moist mountain slopes in dense mixed forests,
Habitat. In open evergreen or mixed forests, 100-1,200 m alt. ca 1,000 m alt.
Dryopteris hasseltii (Blume) C. Chr. Dryopteris rheophila Mitsuta ex Darnaedi, M. Kato & K. Iwats.
Region. NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. NE India, N Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Distribution. Endemic.
Ryukyus, Malesia, New Guinea. Habitat. On sandstone boulders in streamlet, 1,000-1,200 m alt.
Habitat. In hill evergreen forest along streamlets, Dryopteris scottii (Bedd.) Ching
ca 850-1,350 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Dryopteris hendersonii (Bedd.) C. Chr. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. N India to Upper Myanmar, SW China, N
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Vietnam and Taiwan.
Distribution. N India, SW China, Taiwan, northwards to the Habitat. On wet ground by streams in dense evergreen
southern edge of Japan. forest, ca 1,600 m alt.
Habitat. On moist ground by streams in dense forests, ca Dryopteris sparsa (D. Don) Kuntze
Dryopteris hirtipes (Blume) Kuntze Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei;
Habit. Terrestrial fern. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei. Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malesia to Polynesia,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Taiwan and north to S Japan.
Java, Borneo, the Philippines. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests or in light
Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in light or deep shade, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
shade, 1,200-1,600 m alt. Dryopteris subtriangularis (C. Hope) C. Chr.
Dryopteris integriloba C. Chr. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Distribution. NE India, S China, N Vietnam.
Chanthaburi; P: Trang. Habitat. On rather dry sandy slopes in mountain forests,
Distribution. S China, N Vietnam. 1,000-1,200 m alt.
Habitat. On rather dry ground along streams in light shade, Elaphoglossum angulatum (Blume) T. Moore
ca 800-2,000 m alt. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Dryopteris neoassamensis Ching Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, N Vietnam, Taiwan,
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum; NE: Loei; C: Malesia, New Guinea.
Nakhon Nayok. Habitat. Only at high elevation on Khao Luang.
Distribution. China. Elaphoglossum dumrongii Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in mixed or Habit. Lithophytic fern.
evergreen forests, 1,000-1,300 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Dryopteris neochrysocoma Ching Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On moist cliffs by streams or mossy rocks in
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Uttaradit. stream-beds in dense evergreen forest, ca 1,100-1,200 m alt.
Distribution. China and E Himalaya. Elaphoglossum malayense Holttum
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
high altitudes. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Dryopteris polita Rosenst. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat; Ranong. Habitat. Locally abundant on mossy tree-trunks or mossy
Distribution. Indochina, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, rocks in dense evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Taiwan, and northwards to southern edge of Japan. Elaphoglossum marginatum (Fe) T. Moore
Habitat. On mountain slopes in not very dense mountain Habit. Epiphytic fern.
forests, 100-1,500 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei;
Dryopteris porosa Ching C: Nakhon Nayok.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. N India, China, Indochina, Taiwan.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests, 1,200-2,200
Distribution. China. m alt.
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest, ca Elaphoglossum melanostictum (Blume) T. Moore
1,600 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Dryopteris pseudosparsa Ching Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Yala.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. W Malesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests, at low and
Distribution. China. medium altitudes.
34 1
Elaphoglossum stelligerum (Wall. ex Baker) T. Moore ex Polystichum attenuatum Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Alston & Bonner Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; SE:
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Chanthaburi.
Distribution. N India, SW China, Laos, C Vietnam. Distribution. N India, S China.
Habitat. On muddy rocks or mossy tree-trunks in dense Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen
evergreen forest, above 1,000 m alt. forest, 1,200-1,800 m alt.
Elaphoglossum subellipticum Rosenst. Polystichum biaristatum (Blume) T. Moore
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. NE: Loei. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SW:
Distribution. Taiwan, Sumatra. Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P:
Habitat. On mossy rocks or tree-trunks in dense evergreen Ranong.
forest, at l,000-l,400 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, N India, S China, Taiwan, Java.
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest,
Elaphoglossum yoshinagae (Yatabe) Makino 900-1,400 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Polystichum eximium (Kuhn) C. Chr.
Buri. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Taiwan, Ryukyus and Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
northwards to W. Japan. Distribution. Tropical Asia from Sri Lanka northwards to
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in moist dense forests on southern edge of Japan.
ridges at high altitudes. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest,
700-1,200 m alt.
Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Polystichum hookerianum (C. Presl) C. Chr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; SW: Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Kanchanaburi. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Africa, Cape Verde Islands, Mauritius, Arabia, Distribution. Nepal, NE India, China, Myanmar, N
N India, N Vietnam, S & C China, Taiwan, Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan.
Peninsular Malaysia, Pacic Islands, Japan. Habitat. Locally rare on rocks and humus-rich soil by a
Habitat. In crevices of rather moist limestone cliffs in mixed small stream in dense lower montane forest, 1,900-2,000
forests, at medium to high altitudes. m altitude.
Hypodematium glanduloso-pilosum (Tagawa) Ohwi Polystichum lindsaeifolium Scort. ex Ridl.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. NE: Loei; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Japan, China. Distribution. Central W Malaysia.
Habitat. On rocks in shade in deciduous or mixed forests, ca Habitat. In muddy crevices or moist surface of limestone
400 m alt. cliffs in dense evergreen forest, 200-1,800 m alt.
Leucostegia immersa (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Presl Polystichum pseudotsus-simense Ching
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Tak, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Distribution. Myanmar, India.
Thani. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. S India, E Himalayas, SW China, Myanmar, Polystichum scariosum (Roxb.) C.V. Morton
Indochina, W Malesia to the Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On mountain-slopes or in muddy crevices of rocks, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga,
or rarely on mossy tree-trunks, usually in dense Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
evergreen forest, 1,100-1,800 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Ambon.
Lomagramma sorbifolia (Willd.) Ching Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest, at
Habit. Climbing fern. medium altitudes.
Region. N: Phrae. Polystichum semifertile (C.B. Clarke) Ching
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. Climbing, 620-880 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Peranema aspidioides (Blume) Mett. Distribution. SW China, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense, mossy evergreen
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: forest, 1,800-2,500 m alt.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Polystichum tenggerense Rosenst.
Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thammarat. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, N India, S China, Indochina , Distribution. Sumatra and Java.
Malesia. Habitat. Known only on Doi Inthanon, on humus-rich
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense forests, at medium or mountain slopes in dense mossy forest, ca 2,200 m alt.
high altitudes.
Teratophyllum aculeatum (Blume) Mett. ex Kuhn

Habit. Climbing fern. Habitat. Edge of forest and in clearings, at medium to high
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, altitudes.
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Yala, Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. var. subpectinata
Narathiwat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra to
(Christ) Holttum
the Philippines and New Guinea.
Region. N: Lampang; SE: Trat; P: Trang.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, and
low or medium altitudes.
their neighbouring islands.
Teratophyllum ludens (Fe) Holttum Habitat. On rather dry slopes in open areas at edge of forest,
Habit. Climbing fern. at low altitudes.
Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Thammarat.
Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. var. tetraphylla
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. (Rosenst.) Nakai
Habitat. Climbing trees in evergreen forest along streams, at Habit. Terrestrial fern.
low to medium altitudes. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. S China, Indochina, Sumatra.
Equisetaceae Habitat. Reported from rather dry clearing at edge of forest
by the river, 1,100-1,200 m alt.
Equisetum diffusum D. Don
Habit. Terrestrial. Dicranopteris speciosa (C. Presl) Holttum
Region. N: Nan. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. India, Laos. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang.
Habitat. On wet ground along streams in open areas or in Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Moluccas.
light shade. Habitat. On dry slopes along highways in. open areas, ca
100 m alt.
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. subsp. debile (Roxb. ex
Vaucher) Hauke Dicranopteris splendida (Hand.-Mazz.) Tagawa
Habit. Terrestrial. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei, Phetchabun; Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; P: Krabi, Nakhon Si
E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Thammarat.
Kanchanaburi. Distribution. NE India, Upper Myanmar, S and SW China,
Distribution. India to S China, Indochina and Taiwan, Indochina.
through Malesia to Polynesia. Habitat. On clayey slopes along paths in half-shaded places
Habitat. On wet ground along streams in open areas or in at edge of deep primitive forest, at medium altitudes.
light shade, at low to medium altitudes. Diplopterygium blotianum (C. Chr.) Nakai
Uses. Useful cleaning agent and medicinal uses. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Gleicheniaceae Distribution. S China to Taiwan, Indochina, Peninsular
Dicranopteris curranii Copel. Malaysia.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. Along streams in dense evergreen forest, ca 1,200
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong, m alt.
Trang, Yala. Diplopterygium longissimum (Blume) Nakai
Distribution. Malesia. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in open areas at edge of forest, Region. NE: Phetchabun; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi.
at low or medium altitudes. Distribution. Malesia to Polynesia and Australia.
Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. var. linearis Habitat. On rather dry slopes in clearings, at medium
altitude.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Diplopterygium norrisii (Mett.) Nakai
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang; Habit. Terrestrial fern.
NE: Loei; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Prachinburi, Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, N Borneo.
Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Habitat. Thicket on mountain slopes along streams in or at
Distribution. Old World tropics and subtropics, north to C edge of dense forest, ca 1,100 m alt.
Japan.
Habitat. In clearings usually at edge of forest, at low to Gleichenia microphylla R. Br.
medium altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Uses. Plants concentrate relatively high levels of rare earth Region. P: Phangnga, Trang, Yala.
elements. Distribution. Vietnam, Malesia, Australia, New Caledonia,
New Zealand.
Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. var. montana Habitat. On open ground, ca 1,000 m alt.
Holttum
Sticherus hirtus (Blume) Ching
Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Region. P: Trang.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Sikkim, W Malesia,
Distribution. Malesia.
Moluccas.
Habitat. Edge of montane scrub forest.
36 1
Sticherus truncatus (Willd.) Nakai Micronesia.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On moist rocks near streams in dense evergreen
Region. SE: Trat. forest.
Distribution. Vietnam, Cambodia, Malesia. Crepidomanes christii (Copel.) Copel.
Habitat. Climbing ferns growing on stream banks, ca Habit. Epiphytic fern.
50-600 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Yala.
Distribution. Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia to the
Hymenophyllaceae Philippines.
Abrodictyum idoneum (C.V. Morton) Ebihara & K. Iwats. Habitat. On branches ot trees in evergreen forest, at low
Habit. Terrestrial fern. altitudes.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Crepidomanes humile (G. Forst.) Bosch
Habitat. On moist clayey slope in dense forest, at high
Region. P: Ranong, Phuket, Phattalung, Trang.
altitudes.
Distribution. Sumatra to Tahiti, north to Taiwan.
Abrodictyum obscurum (Blume) Ebihara & K. Iwats. var. Habitat. On muddy rocks near the river in dense evergreen
obscurum forest, at low altitudes.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Crepidomanes kurzii (Bedd.) Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong, Nakhon Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala. Region. P: Trang.
Distribution. Old World tropics. Distribution. Myanmar and Taiwan.
Habitat. On wet sandy ground near streams in dense Habitat. On damp rocks near the river in dense forest, at
evergreen forest, at high altitudes. low altitudes.
Abrodictyum obscurum (Blume) Ebihara & K. Iwats. var. Crepidomanes latealatum (Bosch) Copel.
siamense (Christ) K. Iwats. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Region. SE: Trat. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE;
Distribution. China, Cambodia, the Ryukyus. Chanthaburi; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap
Habitat. On wet sandy ground or in muddy crevices of wet Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
rocks near stream in deep shade. Distribution. N India, S China and in SE Asia.
Abrodictyum pluma (Hook.) Ebihara & K. Iwats. Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or mossy or muddy rocks in
Habit. Terrestrial fern. moist dense forest, common at various altitudes.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Crepidomanes latemarginale (D.C. Eaton) Copel.
Distribution. Old World tropics. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense forest, at medium Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Trang.
altitudes. Distribution. NE India to S China, Taiwan, south to
Callistopteris apiifoliia (C. Presl) Copel. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On muddy or mossy rocks in mixed or in evergreen
Region. P: Krabi. forest, at medium altitudes.
Distribution. S Japan (Yakushima), Ryukyu, Nicobar, Crepidomanes megistostomum (Copel.) Copel.
Taiwan, Malesia to Fiji. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rocks in evergreen forest, ca 1,100 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; P: Phangnga.
Cephalomanes javanicum (Blume) C. Presl Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On wet rocks in evergreen forest, ca 500 m alt.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Crepidomanes minutum (Blume) K. Iwats.
Phangnga, Phuket, Trang, Satun, Yala. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. SE Asia Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon
Habitat. On sandy slopes or wet muddy rocks by streams in Ratchathani; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE:
dense evergreen forest, at low or medium altitudes. Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel. Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Distribution. Old World tropics, east to Polynesia and north
Kanchanaburi; Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: to Japan.
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or rather dry muddy rocks,
the region. fairly common in mixed or evergreen forest, at various
Distribution. Old World tropics. altitudes.
Habitat. On moist rocks along streams in dense evergreen Crepidomanes parvifolium (Baker) K. Iwats.
forest. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Crepidomanes brevipes (C. Presl) Copel. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Trang.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. P: Krabi, Trang. Habitat. On damp rocks in moist places in dense forest, at
Distribution. Borneo, Philippines, New Guinea and medium or high altitudes.

Didymoglossum bimarginatum (Bosch) Ebihara & K. Iwats. Hymenophyllum denticulatum Sw.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala,
Trang, Yala. Narathiwat.
Distribution. Widely distributed in SE Asia and Australia, Distribution. Sri Lanka and N India through Malesia (type
Sri Lanka to Samoa and Queensland. from Java) to Fiji, north to the Ryukyus.
Habitat. On muddy surface of rocks usually in dense forest, Habitat. On mossy tree trunks in dense evergreen forest.
at various altitudes. Hymenophyllum digitatum (Sw.) Fosberg
Didymoglossum exiguum (Bedd.) Copel. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Distribution. Madagascar, Mauritius, Peninsular Malaysia,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India and Peninsular Malaysia. Borneo, Java, Philippines and Samoa.
Habitat. On moist mossy rocks in dense evergreen forest. Habitat. On muddy rocks in dense evergreen forest.
Didymoglossum motleyi (Bosch) Ebihara & K. Iwats. Hymenophyllum exsertum Wall. ex Hook.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. N: Tak; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Trang. Lamphun, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Phetchaburi, Kanchanaburi; P:
Habitat. On basal part of tree trunks or rocks by stream in Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
dense primary forest, at low altitudes. Distribution. N India, S China, Upper Myanmar, Indochina,
Didymoglossum sublimbatum (Mll. Berol.) Ebihara & K. Iwats. south to Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mossy tree trunks in evergreen forest, at
Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, medium or higher altitudes.
Phangnga, Krabi, Satun, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Hymenophyllum holochilum (Bosch) C. Chr.
Distribution. SE Asia India (Assam) to New Guinea. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. On muddy surface of rocks usually in moist Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
gloomy forest, at high altitudes. Distribution. Malesia.
Hymenophyllum acanthoides (Bosch) Rosenst. Habitat.In evergreen forest, ca 900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Hymenophyllum javanicum Spreng.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Distribution. Tropics of Asia, Java, to New Guinea, north to Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon
Taiwan. Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or moist mossy rocks in Distribution. Throughout the tropics of Asia and Oceania.
evergreen forest, at low to medium altitudes. Habitat. On mossy tree trunks in dense evergreen forest,
Hymenophyllum badium Hook. & Grev. rather common at medium or higher altitudes.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Hymenophyllum pallidum (Blume) Ebihara & K. Iwats.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Chanthaburi; P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Region. NE: Loei; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Phatthalung. Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Distribution. N India and S China, southwards throughout Distribution. From Sri Lanka to Polynesia, north to Taiwan.
Malesia, north to S Japan. Habitat. Pendulous on moist muddy rocks in dense forest, at
Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or damp rocks usually in medium altitudes.
dense evergreen forest, rather common at various Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Sw.) Sw.
altitudes. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Hymenophyllum barbatum (Bosch) Baker Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P:
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan. Distribution. Tropics or subtropics throughout the world,
Distribution. N India to Japan south to Taiwan and Vietnam. north to central Japan.
Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or moist rocks in evergreen forest. Habitat.On tree trunks or mossy rocks in light or deep
Hymenophyllum blandum Racib. shade, at medium or higher altitudes.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Hymenophyllum productum Kunze
Region. P: Phangnga. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Distribution. W Malesia. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. Evergreen mountain forest. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java,
Hymenophyllum bontocense Copel. Philippines and north to Taiwan.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mossy tree trunks in dense evergreen forest, at
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. medium or higher altitudes.
Distribution. Philippines. Hymenophyllum riukiuense Christ
Habitat. On moist rocks in dense hill evergreen forest, ca Habit. Lithophytic fern.
1,650 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
38 1
Distribution. Southern edge of Japan to the Ryukyus. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and
Habitat. On moist rocks in primary forest near river, at Palawan.
medium or higher altitudes. Habitat. In evergreen forest, at 500-700 m alt.
Hymenophyllum serrulatum (C. Presl) C. Chr. Lindsaea doryphora K.U. Kramer
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. P: Ranong, Yala. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si, Thammarat,
Distribution. Malesia. Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or moist rocks in deep shade Distribution. Myanmar (Tenasserim), Peninsular Malaysia,
in evergreen forest, rather rare. Borneo, W Java and the Philippines.
Vandenboschia auriculata (Blume) Copel. Habitat. Terrestrial or on rocks in evergreen at low to
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. medium altitudes.
Region. NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi ; SE: Chanthaburi, Lindsaea eberhardtii (Christ) K.U. Kramer
Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Pattani, Trang, Yala. Region. P: Trang.
Distribution. N India to Japan, southwards to Malesia Distribution. Vietnam, Hainan.
throughout (type from Java) to New Guinea. Habitat. Primary evergreen forest on ridge, 900 m alt.
Habitat. Climbing on tree trunks or cliffs usually in dense Lindsaea ensifolia Sw.
mountain forest, rather common at various altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Vandenboschia birmanica (Bedd.) Ching Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nong Khai;
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi,
Lampang, Phrae; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi,
Chanthaburi. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, N. Indochina and Japan. Distribution. Old World tropics from W. Africa to Australia
Habitat. On wet sandy ground or moist muddy rocks and Polynesia, north to the Ryukyus.
usually in evergreen forest near streams, rather rare, at Habitat.On rather dry slopes or sandy ground, or rarely on
medium to high altitudes. rocks, usually in open areas or in light shade, common
Vandenboschia maxima (Blume) Copel. and locally abundant below 1,400 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Lindsaea heterophylla Dryand.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Pattani, Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani.
Distribution. In the tropics of E. Asia and Polynesia. Distribution. Madagascar, S India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S
Habitat. On moist muddy rocks or wet sandy ground near China, W. and N. Central Malesia throughout, north to
streams in dense gloomy forest, rather common at the Ryukyus.
various altitudes. Habitat. On rather dry slopes in evergreen forest, not in
open areas, to 1,200 m alt.
Lindsaeaceae
Lindsaea integra Holttum
Lindsaea bouillodii Christ Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. P: Satun, Yala.
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Habitat. On rocks by streams, at low altitude.
Distribution. Indochina, Hainan, and Malesia.
Habitat. Terrestrial or on rocks in evergreen forest, Lindsaea javanensis Blume
500-1,100 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Nakhon Si
Lindsaea chienii Ching Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Indochina and W
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Malesia, north to the Ryukyus and southern edge of
Thammarat. Japan.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Taiwan, northwards to S Habitat.On mountain slopes, at medium altitudes.
Japan.
Habitat. On rather dry or clayey slopes in evergreen forest, Lindsaea lucida Blume
1,000-1,500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. E: Buri Ram; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi,
Lindsaea cultrata (Willd.) Sw. Trat; P: Ranong, Phuket, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, S China,
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Satun. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra to the Moluccas.
Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia, Habitat. On rather dry or sandy ground near streams in
Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. shade, at low or medium altitudes.
Habitat.In evergreen forest, at low altitude.
Lindsaea malayensis Holttum
Lindsaea divergens Hook. & Grev. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Trang, Songkhla. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.

Habitat. On humus-rich oors of dense evergreen forest, at Odontosoria krameri Fraser-Jenk.
medium altitude. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Lindsaea napaea Alderw. Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. E Himalayas, SW China, Myanmar, Indochina
Region. P: Trang. and Malesia.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Lingga Is. Habitat. Lower montane forest, ca 1,500 m alt.
Habitat.In evergreen forest, ca 700 m alt. Osmolindsaea odorata (Roxb.) Lehtonen & Christenh.
Lindsaea oblanceolata Alderw. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. NE: Loei; P: Trang.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Distribution. Old World tropics, Madagascar and Sri Lanka
Distribution. Vietnam, Malesia. to Australia, north to S Japan.
Habitat.On humus-rich oor of forest, on rotten wood, or Habitat. On sandy rocks in stream-beds in dense evergreen
mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 forest, to 1,200 m alt.
m alt. Tapeinidium luzonicum (Hook.) K.U. Kramer
Lindsaea orbiculata (Lam.) Mett. ex Kuhn var. orbiculata Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Trat; P: Distribution. W and Central Malesia.
Surat Thani, Trang. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest,
Distribution. NE India, S China, Myanmar, Indochina, W ca 1,400 m alt.
Malesia, extending north to S Japan through Taiwan and Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cav.) C. Chr.
the Ryukyus. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On clayey slopes, often on banks of rivers in light Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
shade or in evergreen forest, 0-800 m alt. Distribution. S India, W Malesia, north to Taiwan and the
Lindsaea orbiculata (Lam.) Mett. ex Kuhn var. commixta Ryukyus.
Habitat. On sandy banks of streams in shade, at low
(Tagawa) K.U. Kramer
altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Lomariopsidaceae
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalayas, Myanmar, S China,
Indochina, Taiwan, northwards to S Japan and southwards Cyclopeltis crenata (Fe) C. Chr.
to the Philippines and Java. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat.On rather dry clayey ground in evergreen forest, at Region. N: Mae Hong Son; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW:
medium altitudes, 900-1,300 m alt. Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap
Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Satun, Yala.
Lindsaea parallelogramma Alderw. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Indochina to W Malesia.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. In evergreen forest, at low altitudes.
Region. P: Satun.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Lingga Is. Lomariopsis lineata (C. Presl) Holttum
Habitat.In evergreen forest, ca 400 m alt. Habit. Climbing fern.
Region. C: Prachin Buri; P: Phangnga, Yala.
Lindsaea parasitica (Roxb. ex Griff.) Hieron. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Philippines,
Habit. Climbing fern. New Guinea.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Habitat. Long climber on trees at low altitude, 210-350 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, ca 700 m alt. Nephrolepis acutifolia (Desv.) Christ
Lindsaea repens (Bory) Thwaites var. pectinata (Blume) Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon
Mett. ex Kuhn Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habit. Climbing fern. Thammarat.
Region. E: Buri Ram; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Distribution. Old World tropics, from Africa through SE
Thammarat, Trang. Asia to Polynesia.
Distribution. Mascarenes, tropics of Asia and Oceania to Habitat. In light shade, at low altitudes.
Hawaii, north to Sikkim and NE India, south to
Queensland. Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott
Habitat. On trees in dense evergreen forest, ca 900-1,500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial or epiphytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; E: Ubon Ratchathani;
Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. C: Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Surat Thani,
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
Kanchanaburi SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Distribution. Pantropical.
Thammarat, Trang. Habitat. In lowlands and mountainous areas.
Distribution. Warmer part of the Old World, Madagascar to Uses. Edible.
Polynesia, north to Japan, Korea.
Habitat. On moist sandy rocks by streams in light shade, ca Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl
1,000-1,300 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
40 1
Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Huperzia piscium (Herter) Holub.
Distribution. Pantropical, north to Japan and south to New Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Zealand. Region.P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Tang.
Habitat. On mountain slopes, muddy or dry rocks, or Distribution. Malesia.
tree-trunks in light shade, 500-1,300 m alt. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest
Uses. Edible. below 800 m. alt.
Nephrolepis davallioides (Sw.) Kunze Huperzia reexa (Lam.) Trevis.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Distribution. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia to New Guinea. C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Habitat. On rather dry rocks or fallen tree-trunks in dense Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
evergreen forest or in clearings,1,000-1,500 m alt. Thammarat.
Nephrolepis falciformis J. Sm. Distribution. Madagascar, Seychelles, Mascarene Islands,
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. tropics of Asia and Oceania, north to E. Himalaya.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; E: Habitat. On tree-trunks or muddy rocks in dense evergreen
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Bangkok; SE: forest usually near streams at lower or middle altitudes.
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Huperzia phlegmaria (L.) Rothm.
Satun, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Distribution. Indochina to Malesia. Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; SE: Prachin
Habitat. On dry rocks in dense forests, at low to medium Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat
altitudes. Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Nephrolepis hirsutula (G. Forst.) C. Presl Phatthalung, Satun, Yala.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Old World tropics, north to S. Japan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nong Khai; SW: Prachuap Habitat. On mossy-tree trunks or rocks in shade and in
Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, dense mossy forest medium or higher altitudes.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Satun, Yala. Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Rothm.
Distribution. Tropical Asia to the Pacic. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. On rather dry ground in light shade. Region. N: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Nephrolepis radicans (Burm.f.) Kuhn Distribution. E. Asia to Australia.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On humus-rich ground usually in dense evergreen
Region. P: Yala. forest above 1000 m. alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina and W Malesia east to Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm.
the Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. In thickets, at low altitudes. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok,
Nephrolepis undulata (Afzel.) J. Sm. Tak; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi; P:
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Chumphon, Surat Thani, Satun, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phrae, Mae Hong Son, Lamphun, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat, Yala.
Tak; NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Tropics and subtropics throughout the world.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia and New Habitat. On mountain slopes, dry ground to marshy places,
Caledonia. usually in open places at various latitudes, from sea level
Habitat. In muddy limestone crevices, 500-1,300 m alt. to 1200 m alt.
Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring
Lycopodiaceae Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Huperzia carinata (Desv. ex Poir.) Trevis. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Distribution. SE Asia.
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Surat Thani, Phangnga. Nakhon Si Thammarat. Lycopodium clavatum L.
Distribution. Malesia and Polynesia, north to S China, Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Indochina, Taiwan and S. Ryukyus. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si
Habitat. Epiphytic on mossy tree-trunk in dense evergreen Thammarat.
forest up to 900 m alt. Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
Huperzia hamiltonii (Spreng.) Trevis. Habitat. On wet ground in open areas usually near summit
Habit. Epiphytic fern. of higher mountains.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok; NE: Lycopodium nummularifolium Blume
Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Yala.
Distribution. Himalaya to S China and S Japan, Taiwan, Distribution. Malesia to Polynesia.
Indochina. Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest at lower to
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks, on mossy rock, or moist middle altitiudes.
muddy rocks usually in dense evergreen forest above 700
m alt.

Lygodiaceae Yunnan), Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. On dry grassy slopes in mixed forests, at low or
Lygodium circinnatum (Burm.f.) Sw. medium altitudes.
Habit. Scrambling climbing fern. Uses. Used as bers, medicinal, young leaves are edible.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun,Yala, Narathiwat. Lygodium salicifolium C. Presl
Distribution. Sri Lanka, NE India, Malesia, Micronesia and Habit. Scrambling climbing fern.
the Solomons. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae; NE: Loei; E:
Habitat. In light shade in evergreen forest, at low or Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chon Buri,
medium altitude. Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri
Uses. Used as bers, medicinal, young leaves are edible. Khan; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Lygodium exuosum (L.) Sw. Distribution. NE India to Yunnan, Indochina, Hainan,
Habit. Scrambling climbing fern. Taiwan, Malesia, southeast to New Guinea and
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Micronesia.
Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in evergreen forest,
Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri; C: at low or medium altitudes.
Bangkok, Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi, Uses. Used as bers, medicinal, young leaves are edible.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Nakhon
Si Thammarat. Marattiaceae
Distribution. Sri Lanka, N India, SW and S China,
Hongkong, Ryukyus and Taiwan, southwards to Angiopteris angustifolia C. Presl
Queensland through Malesia and Melanesia. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On shrubs or branches of tall trees in open areas or Region. P: Narathiwat.
in deciduous or mixed forest, fairly common at low or Distribution. W Malesia.
medium altitudes. Habitat. By streams in open areas, above 1,000 m alt.
Uses. Used as bers, medicinal, young leaves are edible. Angiopteris evecta (G. Forst.) Hoffm.
Lygodium giganteum Tagawa & K. Iwats. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Scrambling climbing fern. Region. Throughout Thailand.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak. Distribution. Asian tropics and subtropics through
Distribution. Upper Myanmar and Yunnan. Polynesia.
Habitat. On dry slopes in thickets, usually in deciduous Habitat. Common in forest throughout Thailand.
forest, at low or medium altitudes. Uses. Ornamental, medicinal.
Uses. Used as bers, medicinal, young leaves are edible. Christensenia aesculifolia (Blume) Maxon
Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Scrambling climbing fern. Region. P: Phangnga; Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Distribution. NE India to Java.
Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan. Habitat. On moist sandy slopes near streams in dense moist
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalaya to China north to evergreen forest, ca 800 m alt.
Chekiang, Korea, Japan, Indochina, Malesia, east to New Ptisana sambucina (Blume) Murdock
Guinea. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On dry open grass elds or mountain slopes in Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
deciduous forest, at low or medium altitudes. Distribution. Vietnam and Malesia.
Uses. Used as bers, medicinal, young leaves are edible. Habitat. At 1,500 m alt.
Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. Marsileaceae
Habit. Scrambling climbing fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei; SW: Marsilea crenata C. Presl
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; Habit. Aquatic fern.
SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Trang, Songkhla, Region. Throughout Thailand.
Yala, Narathiwat. Distribution. Old World tropics and subtropics.
Distribution. Old World tropics, from Africa to Melanesia Habitat. In paddy elds, grooves, streamlets, ponds or
and Australia, north to the Ryukyus and south to New marshy places, usually in open sunny places, common at
South Wales. low or medium altitudes.
Habitat. On bushes or branches of tall trees, on dry slopes Uses. Edible, medicinal.
in open areas, at low or medium altitudes.
Uses. Used as bers, medicinal, young leaves are edible. Matoniaceae
Lygodium polystachyum Wall. ex T. Moore Matonia pectinata R. Br.
Habit. Scrambling climbing fern. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Region. P: Trang, Yala.
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun;. SE: Chon Buri, Trat; C: Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Riau Archipelago,
Nakhon Nayok; SW; Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Lingga Archipelago and Sumatra.
Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Habitat. Grows only in exposed areas or in relatively open
Thammarat, Phuket, Trang, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat. scrub on or near the tops of mountains, 1,200-1,520 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, SW China (Kwangsi & Uses. Ornamental.
42 1
Oleandraceae Ophioglossum gramineum Willd.
Oleandra musifolia (Blume) C. Presl Region. C: Saraburi.
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Probably pantropical.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Phrae, Phetchabun, Tak,
Habitat. Open, wet, bare rock surface in deciduous forest.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW:
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga. Ophioglossum pendulum L.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Indochina to Malesia. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. On tree-trunks, in crevices of rocks, or Sphagnum- Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
bog in sunny places in light shade, 1,100-1,500 m alt. Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,
Yala.
Oleandra pistillaris (Sw.) C. Chr. Distribution. Palaeotropic.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in mixed or evergreen forest, at
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Krabi, Trang,
medium altitudes.
Songkhla, Yala.
Uses. Edible, medicinal.
Habitat. On tree-trunks or forming bushes in forests, Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook.
700-1,300 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Uses. Medicinal. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Lampang, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; C: Bangkok; SW:
Oleandra undulata (Willd.) Ching Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae; NE:
Habitat. In open grassy ground or mountain slopes in light
Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani; SE:
shade, at low to medium altitudes.
Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong,
Uses. Edible, medicinal.
Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Myanmar S China to Peninsular Malaysia. Osmundaceae
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in mixed forests, in crevices
of rocks in open areas or in light shade, or limestone hills Osmunda angustifolia Ching
in evergreen forest, or tree-trunks. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Trat.
Oleandra wallichii (Hook.) C. Presl Distribution. Hainan, Hongkong, China, Taiwan.
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On sandy banks or wet rocks usually along streams
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. in dense forest or in half shaded areas, at medium
Distribution. Himalayas, Upper Myanmar, SW China, altitude.
Taiwan Vietnam.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rather dry moun- Osmunda javanica Blume
tain-slopes in evergreen forest, 1,300-2,500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E:
Ophioglossaceae Surin; SE: Trat; P: Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Yala,
Narathiwat.
Botrychium lanuginosum Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
Distribution. S and SW China, Myanmar, Vietnam
Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Java.
Habitat. Wet ground or sandy stream-beds in open areas or
Distribution. N India to China and Taiwan, south to Sri
in light shade, at medium altitudes.
Lanka, Vietnam, Philippines, Java and Sumatra.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in thickets or in Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl
muddy crevices of cliffs in light shade, locally abundant, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
at medium altitudes. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Eastern, North America, East Asia south to
Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. Vietnam and Upper Myanmar.
Habitat. On wet sandy ground by streams in open grassy
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; NE: Loei;
areas, ca 1,200 m alt.
SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat
Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Plagiogyriaceae
Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Palaeotropics, from Sri Lanka and NE India to Plagiogyria adnata (Blume) Bedd.
New Caledonia and Queensland. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On humus-rich slopes in light shade, at low or Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
medium altitudes. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Uses. Used ad food, medicinal, and source of ber. Sumatra, Java to the Philippines extending north to
southern edge of Japan Taiwan the Ryukyus.
Ophioglossum costatum R. Br. Habitat. On sandy slopes in dense evergreen forest,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. 1,100-1,500 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. Pantropical. Plagiogyria pycnophylla (Kunze) Mett.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, ca 400 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar and SW China

(Szechuan & Yunnan). Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. At edge of marsh in deep shade near the summit of Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Philippines.
Doi Inthanon, known only in one locality, ca 2,500 m alt. Habitat. On dry rocky slopes, at high altitude.
Polypodiaceae Arthromeris tatsienensis (Franch. & Bureau ex Christ)

Ching
Acrosorus friderici-et-pauli (Christ) Copel. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Distribution. SW China (Szechuwan and Yunnan).
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habitat. On rather dry slopes along path in mixed forests, ca
Philippines, Sulawesi and Maluku. 600-1,400 m alt.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest on
ridges rather common, at medium or high altitudes. Belvisia annamensis (C. Chr.) Tagawa
Aglaomorpha acuminata (Willd.) Hovenkamp Region. N: Tak; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat; P: Chumphon,
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Ranong, Trang.
Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Distribution. Laos and Vietnam.
Thammarat, Satun. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in light shade or in dense
Distribution. Indochina and W Malesia. forests usually in moist places, at medium altitudes.
Habitat. On muddy, trunks of fallen trees or living
tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, rather rare at low to Belvisia henryi (Hieron. ex C. Chr.) Tagawa
medium altitudes. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Aglaomorpha coronans (Wall. ex Mett.) Copel. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P:
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Chumphon.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Distribution. Himalayas to SW China (Yunnan) and N
Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum; NE: Loei, Prachin Buri; Vietnam.
SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy rocks in dense
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Phangnga. evergreen forest, at high altitudes.
Distribution. Himalayas to S China, Indochina, Taiwan and
northwards to the Ryukyus. Belvisia mucronata (Fe) Copel.
Habitat. On rather dry or mossy rocks or tree-trunks in open Habit. Epiphytic fern.
places or in dense forest, at medium altitudes. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Aglaomorpha drynarioides (Hook.) Roos Distribution. Tropics of Asia, from Sri Lanka to Polynesia,
Habit. Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial fern. north to Vietnam.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habitat. On tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, at low or
Distribution. Malesia and the Pacic. medium altitudes.
Habitat. In evergreen forest.
Belvisia spicata (L.f.) Mirbel ex Copel.
Aglaomorpha heraclea (Kunze) Copel Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphyti, sometimes lithophytic fern. Region. N: Tak; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Region. P: Yala. Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Surat Thani,
Distribution. Malesia to the Solomon. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Habitat. In evergreen forest. Distribution. Tropics of Asia, from Sri Lanka to Tahiti.
Arthromeris amplexifolia (Christ) Ching Habitat. On tree-trunks in forests, at medium to high
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Calymmodon asiaticus Copel.
Distribution. Vietnam, Laos. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or muddy crevices of moist Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
cliffs in dense evergreen forest, 800-1,800 m alt. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Arthromeris lehmanni (Mett.) Ching Habitat. On muddy rocks in stream-beds in gloomy dense
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. forests, 600- 900 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Calymmodon curtus Parris
Distribution. Himalayas to Upper Myanmar, SW China, Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Taiwan, and south to the Philippines (Luzon). Region. P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy rocks in dense Trang, Yala.
evergreen forest, 1,500-2,400 m alt. Distribution. Palaeotropics, Sri Lanka and Sumatra to
Arthromeris phuluangensis Tagawa & K. Iwats. Australia.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest on
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. ridges rather rare, at high altitudes.
Distribution. Endemic. Christiopteris tricuspis (Hook.) Christ
Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or mossy rocks in dense Habit. Epiphytic fern.
evergreen forest, 1,500-1,600 m alt. Region. C: Nakhon Nayok.
Arthromeris proteus (Copel.) Tagawa Distribution. Sikkim, China, Vietnam and Peninsular
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Malaysia.
44 1
Habitat. Epiphytic in evergreen forest along streams. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Ctenopterella blechnoides (Grev.) Parris Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga,Trang, Satun. Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Yala.
Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, S China, Cambodia, Distribution. Indochina, Myanmar, Malesia, Polynesia and
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Lesser Sunda tropical Australia.
Islands, Sulawesi, Mollucas, New Guinea, NE Australia Habitat. On tree- tunks or in muddy crevices of cliffs in
and the Pacic Islands. some open places or in deciduous or mixed forests, rather
Habitat. On moist tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest on common throughout the country, at medium altitudes.
ridges. Uses. Ornamental, edible, medicinal.
Ctenopterella khaoluangensis (Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Parris Drynaria roosii Nakaike

Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. S China, Indochina and Taiwan.
Habitat. Rather rare on mossy tree-trunks in dense Habitat. On trunks- trees.
evergreen forest, at ridge of high altitudes. Drynaria sparsisora (Desv.) T. Moore
Dasygrammitis mollicoma (Nees & Blume) Parris Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Prachin
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malesia. Krabi, Trang, Satun, Narathiwat.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest on Distribution. Cambodia, Malesia and Polynesia to tropical
ridges at high altitudes, rather rare. Australia.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest or in light
Drynaria bonii Christ shade at low to medium altitudes.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Uses. Medicinal.
Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nong Goniophlebium amoenum (Wall. ex Mett.) Bedd.
Khai; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Uthai Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Thani, Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Sing Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE:
Buri, Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri. Chanthaburi.
Distribution. China (Guizhou) and Indochina. Distribution. Himalayas to Myanmar, S China, Indochina
Habitat. On dry or muddy rocks and tree-trunks in light and Taiwan.
shade or in deciduous forests, at low to medium altitudes, Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or moist mossy, rocks in
less than 1,000 m. dense evergreen forest, fairly common, 1,400-2,300 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental. Goniophlebium lachnopus (Wall. ex Hook.) Bedd.
Drynaria parishii (Bedd.) Bedd. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; Distribution. Nepal, N India, China (Yunnan).
SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests in limestone
Distribution. Myanmar and Vietnam. areas, 1,000-1,800 m alt.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest Goniophlebium manmeiense (Christ) Rdl-Linder
usually on ridges, 600-1,300 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Drynaria propinqua (Wall. ex Mett.) J. Sm. ex Bedd. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Distribution. Sikkim, Upper Myanmar, SW China and Laos.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest,
Distribution. Himalayas, S China, Myanmar, Laos, N 1,300-2,300 m alt.
Vietnam. Goniophlebium mengtzeense (Christ) Rdl-Linder
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
locally abundant, at 1,200-1,700 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Phetchabun, Loei;
Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Himalayas to China, Indochina, Taiwan and
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: the Philippines.
Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or moist mossy rocks in
SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Phangnga, Surat dense evergreen forest, 1,300-2,200 m alt.
Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phuket, Goniophlebium microrhizoma (C.B. Clarke ex Baker) Bedd.
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India to S China and Indochina, Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Malesia throughout to Fiji and tropical Australia. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. On rather dry rocks on hillsides in light shade or at Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar, SW China (Yunnan
edge of forests, fairly common at low altitudes. & Szechuwan) and Taiwan.
Uses. Ornamental, medicinal. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest,
Drynaria rigidula (Sw.) Bedd. rather rare on highest part, 2,000-2,300 m alt.

Goniophlebium percussum (Cav.) Wagner & Grether Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Distribution. Himalayas to SW China (Yunnan & Kwangsi)
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Surat Thani, Yala, and N Vietnam.
Narathiwat. Habitat. On branches of tree-trunks usually in dense mossy
Distribution. Malesia, Australia. forests, at medium or high altitudes.
Habitat. Epiphytic on tree-trunks, in low altitudes. Lepisorus bicolor (Takeda) Ching
Goniophlebium persicifolium (Desv.) Bedd. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Distribution. Himalayas and SW China.
Yala. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks at ridge in evergreen forest,
Distribution. Himalayas to the Pacic. not so abundant at high altitudes.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in light shade or in dense Lepisorus contortus (Christ) Ching
evergreen forest, 400-1,500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Goniophlebium subauriculatum (Blume) C. Presl Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Himalayas, Tibet and China.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense mountain forests, at
high altitudes.
Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Lepisorus heterolepis (Rosenst.) Ching
Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Distribution. NE india, SW China, Myanmar, Laos, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Vietnam, Malesia throughout to Australia (Queensland). Distribution. Sikkim and SW China (Yunnan).
Habitat. On tree-trunks or mossy rocks in light shade or at Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests at ridge,
edge of evergreen forest, 700-1,400 m alt. rather rare at medium to high altitudes.
Gymnogrammitis dareiformis (Hook.) Ching ex Tardieu & Lepisorus longifolius (Blume) Holttum
C. Chr. Habit. Epiphytic, lithophytic, rarely terrestrial fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Himalayas, SW China, Hainan and N Vietnam. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Cambodia, W Malesia to
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or wet mossy rocks in the Philippines and Java; there are possible records from
gloomy dense forests, at altitude above 1,200 m alt. New Guinea and Polynesia.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest or along
Lecanopteris crustacea Copel. streams in light shade, rather common at low altitudes in
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Peninsular.
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Lepisorus nudus (Hook.) Ching
Habitat. Epiphytic on tree-trunks or rocks, at low altitudes. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SE:
Lecanopteris pumila Blume Chanthaburi.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Himalayas, Upper
Region. P: Yala. Myanmar to SW China (Yunnan); also recorded from
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. Sumatra.
Habitat. Epiphytic, on branches of trees in mid-montane Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or branches of trees usually
and montane scrub forest, often in full sunshine, at in dense evergreen forest, at high altitudes.
1,050-1,700 m alt.
Lepisorus oosphaerus (C. Chr.) Ching
Lecanopteris sinuosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Distribution. Endemic.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Habitat. On branches of trees, 1,500-1,650 m alt.
Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Distribution. Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia to New Lepisorus scolopendrium (Ching) Mehra & Bir
Hebrides and the Solomon Islands, north to Cambodia Habit. Epiphytic fern.
and Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun,
Habitat. On tree-trunks in light shade or in open places, at Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
low altitudes. Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani.
Distribution. Himalayas and Tibet, SW China, Upper
Lemmaphyllum accedens (Blume) Donk Myanmar and Indochina.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. On branches of mossy trees, in dense forests, at
Region. P: Yala. ridge, or terrestrial on mossy mountain slope near ridge
Distribution. Malesia throughout to Polynesia and in open places or in light shade, locally rather abundant.
Queensland.
Habitat. On tree-trunks, at low altitudes. Lepisorus sinensis (Christ) Ching
Lemmaphyllum carnosum (Hook.) C. Presl Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Distribution. Bhutan and SW China.
46 1
Habitat. On mossy branches of trees or mossy rocks in Habitat. On muddy rocks along streams in dense forests,
dense evergreen forest on ridges, 1,500-2,000 m alt. 400-650 m alt.
Lepisorus subconuens Ching Leptochilus minor Fe
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
Distribution. Bhutan SW China. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Sumatra, Borneo,
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, at Philippines, Sulawesi.
high altitudes. Habitat. Often on rocks in streams.
Lepisorus sublinearis (Baker ex Takeda) Ching Leptochilus pedunculatus (Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Distribution. Myanmar, SW China Indochina. Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy cliffs in dense Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
forest, at high altitudes in the North, rather rare. Distribution. N India, SW China, Myanmar, Vietnam,
Lepisorus suboligolepidus Ching Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On moist rocks in stream-beds or in deep shade or
Region. NE: Loei. climbing on basal tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest,
Distribution. SW China and Taiwan. at low to medium altitudes.
Habitat. In mossy crevices of mossy rocks by streams, ca Loxogramme avenia (Blume) C. Presl
1,200 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Leptochilus axillaris (Cav.) Kaulf. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Trang,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Tak; SW: Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Malesia, Myanmar and Indochina.
Distribution. S India, N India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or muddy rocks in dense
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, evergreen forest usually near streams, below 300 m alt.
New Guinea. Loxogramme centicola M.G. Price
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest, at medium Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
altitudes. Region. N: Tak; NE: Phetchabun; P: Trang.
Leptochilus decurrens Blume Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Habitat. Trunks and boulders in dark humid forest.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Loxogramme chinensis Ching
Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei; E:
Si Thammarat. Chaiyaphum.
Distribution. S India, Himalayas to S China and Taiwan, Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Upper Myanmar, S & SW
Indochina, Malesia and Polynesia throughout. China and N Vietnam.
Habitat. Terrestrial, on moist rocks or basal tree-trunks Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy rocks in dense
usually in dense evergreen forest, rather common at evergreen forest, 1,600-2,200 m alt.
medium to high altitudes throughout Thailand. Loxogramme cuspidata (Zenker) M.G. Price
Leptochilus ellipticus (Thunb.) Noot. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. N :Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Laos.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi. Habitat. In evergreen forest.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, S China, Korea (Quelpart Loxogramme duclouxii Christ
Island), S Japan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rocky mountain-slopes in dense evergreen Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei.
forest, rather rare, at 1,100-1,600 m alt. Distribution. Tibet, NE India, SW China, Korea, S Japan to
Leptochilus hemionitideus (C. Presl) Noot. Taiwan.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mossy rocks in dense evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, 1,400-1,800 m alt.
Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Loxogramme involuta (D. Don) C. Presl
Phetchaburi. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. N India, Nepal, Bhutan, S China, Taiwan and Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
the Ryukyus. Ratchasima.
Habitat. On wet rocks usually in stream-beds in dense Distribution. India, Nepal, Upper Myanmar, Indochina.
forests, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Habitat. On mossy rocks or mossy tree-trunks in dense
Leptochilus macrophyllus (Blume) Noot. evergreen forest, 900-1,800 m alt.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Loxogramme lankokiensis (Rosenst.) C. Chr.
Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Malesia. Region. N: Nan; NE: Loei.

Distribution. N Vietnam and Laos. Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Habitat. On stones in river-bed in hill evergreen forest, ca Distribution. India to Malesia, north to S China, the
740-900 m alt. Ryukyus, Laos.
Loxogramme porcata M.G. Price Habitat. On wet rocks in stream-beds in dense gloomy
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. forests, at low to medium altitudes less than 800 m alt.,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak. usually in spraying water, not so rare throughout the
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China. country.
Habitat. On tree trunks or rocks in shade. Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel.
Loxogramme scolopendrioides (Gaudich.) C.V. Morton Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak,
Region. P: Satun, Yala. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum,
Distribution. Myanmar, Malesia, eastwards to the Solomon Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri,
Islands. Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi,
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rocks usually in dense Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga,
evergreen forest, at low altitudes up to 300 m alt. Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Uses. Leaves used as cigarette paper. Whole plant has Distribution. Old World tropics, W Africa to Tahiti.
ornamental value. Habitat. On mossy rocks or tree-trunks usually in dry open
places or in light shade, common at low to medium
Loxogramme subecostata (Hook.) C. Chr. altitudes throughout Thailand.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Uses. Edible, medicinal, ornamental.
Region. P: Phatthalung, Trang, Satun.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. Microsorum siamense Boonkerd
Habitat. On muddy rocks by streams in dense evergreen Habit. Lithophytic fern.
forest, at low altitudes up to 400 m alt. Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. Endemic.
Microsorum heterocarpum (Blume) Ching Habitat. In rock crevices on moist limestone rocks in
Habit. Lithophytic fern. semi-shade, 100 m alt.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Trang, Songkhla.
Distribution. Malesia throughout. Microsorum superciale (Blume) Ching
Habitat. On moist rocks by streams or rather dry slopes in Habit. Epiphytic fern.
dense evergreen forest, at low altitudes. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Distribution. Himalayas to Malesia throughout.
Microsorum insigne (Blume) Copel. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. locally abundant at high altitudes.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae,
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Microsorum thailandicum Boonkerd & Noot.
Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Himalayas to Indochina, Taiwan, Japan and Region. P: Chumphon.
throughout W Malesia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. On muddy rocks usually near streams in deep Habitat. Rock crevices on rather dry rock of limestone hill
shade, at low to medium altitudes. in semi-shade, 250-300 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental.
Microsorum membranaceum (D. Don) Ching Microsorum zippelii (Blume) Ching
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Lamphun, Lampang, Tak. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei; SW:
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalayas to S China, Taiwan, N Phetchaburi.
Vietnam. Distribution. Himalayas to Malesia throughout, northeast to
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest or S China (Hainan) and Indochina.
moist rocks by streams in dense forests, common at high Habitat. In muddy crevices of rocks or mountain slopes by
altitudes in the North. streams in dense evergreen forest, rather rare at high
altitudes.
Microsorum musifolium Copel.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Neocheiropteris normalis (D. Don) Tagawa
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic and climbing fern.
Distribution. Southern Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
Sumatra, Indonesia, Borneo, Philippines and New Guinea. Prachuap Khiri Khan; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Habitat. Low epiphytes or lithophytes in evergreen forest, at Chanthaburi.
low altitudes. Distribution. Himalayas, Upper Myanmar, S China,
Vietnam and W Malesia (Peninsular Malaysia &
Microsorum pteropus (Blume) Copel. Sumatra).
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. Scandent highly on tree-trunks in gloomy, dense
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak, evergreen forest, locally abundant at high altitudes.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Buri Ram, Chaiyaphum; C:
Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Oreogrammitis adspersa (Blume) Parris
Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Khan; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Region. P: Phangnga, Trang.
Distribution. Vietnam, Taiwan, Malesia, the Pacic Islands.
48 1
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest, ca 900 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Oreogrammitis congener (Blume) Parris Region. NE: Nong Khai; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Phuket,
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Krabi, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution. Myanmar (Tenasserim), Vietnam, Cambodia
Distribution. Indo-China, Taiwan, Sumatra, Peninsular and N & W Malesia.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Habitat. On trunk of larger trees in open places, rather
Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. common at low altitudes.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest on Uses. Ornamental.
ridge of mountains, at high altitudes where the daily mist Platycerium holttumii de Jonch. & Hennipman
previals. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Oreogrammitis dorsipila (Christ) Parris Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; E:
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: SE: Chanthaburi.
Phangnga. Distribution. Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. S Japan, Ryukyus, S China and Indochina. Habitat. On tree-trunks in monsoon forests, rather rare at
Habitat. Rather rare on mossy tree-trunks in light shade low aititudes.
along rivers, at medium altitudes. Uses. Ornamental.
Oreogrammitis reinwardtii (Blume) Parris Platycerium ridleyi Christ

Region. NE: Loei. Region. P: Chumphon, Phatthalung.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malesia, NE Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Australia, Pacic Islands. Habitat. On trees high off ground at low altitude.
Habitat. On moist mossy rocks by streams in dense Uses. Ornamental.
evergreen forest, ca 1,200 m alt. Platycerium wallichii Hook.
Phymatosorus cuspidatus (D. Don) Pic. Serm. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; E: Chaiyaphum; NE: Lampang, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; C:
Loei. Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri; P: Ranong,
Distribution. Himalayas, SW China, Upper Myanmar, Laos Satun.
and N Vietnam. Distribution. E India, Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Yunnan to
Habitat. On rather dry rocks or tree-trunks in dense forest, Malaysia.
at medium altitudes. Habitat. Epiphytic on tree-trunks usually in not so dense
forests, not so rare, at lower altitude throughout the country.
Phymatosorus longissimus (Blume) Pic. Serm. Uses. Ornamental.
Prosaptia alata (Blume) Christ
Region. N: Lampang; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Distribution. Indian Ocean Islands, India, Sri Lanka, Trang, Yala.
Indochina, Malesia and Polynesia. Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, S Japan, Malesia, the
Habitat. On rather wet rocks along rivers in light shade, at Pacic Islands.
low altitudes. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest or
Phymatosorus membranifolius (R. Br.) S. G. Lu in light forests by streams, at low to medium altitudes.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Prosaptia barathrophylla (Baker) M.G. Price
Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Uthai Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Region. NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Buri; SW: Prachuap Khiri
SE: Prachin Buri; Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Khan; P: Phangnga, Krabi.
Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Distribution. Indochina, S China, western Malesia,
Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Philippines and Sulawesi.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Vietnam, Cambodia, Habitat. On muddy cliffs along streams in dense evergreen
Malesia and Polynesia. forest, 500-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. On rather dry rocks in mixed forests, at low
altitudes.
Prosaptia celebica (Blume) Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.f) Pic. Serm. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Taiwan, Malesia as far east as Sulawesi.
Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; C: Bangkok; P: Surat Habitat. In evergreen forest, 1,000-1740 m alt.
Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,
Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Prosaptia contigua (G. Forst.) C. Presl
Habit. Epiphytic, sometimes lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Old World tropics.
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habitat. On rather dry muddy rocks or terrestrial in light
Yala.
shade or in open places.
Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, S China, Taiwan, Malesia,
Platycerium coronarium (J.Koenig ex O.F.Mll.) Desv. NE Australia, Pacic Islands.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest,

rather rare at high altitudes. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Prosaptia obliquata (Blume) Mett. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habit. Epiphytic, sometimes lithophytic fern. Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri
Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
S China, Taiwan, Malesia. Distribution. N India, Nepal, Bhutan, S China, Myanmar,
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
rather rare but locally abundant at medium or high altitudes. Habitat. On rocks or tree-trunks in exposed places, in light
shade or in rather dense forests, at various elevations,
Prosaptia pectinata T. Moore rather common throughout Thailand.
Habit. Epiphytic, rarely terrestrial fern. Uses. Medicinal.
Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Pyrrosia longifolia (Burm.f.) C.V. Morton
the Philippines, Sulawesi and Moluccas. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks, at low altitudes. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum,
Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram, Ubon Ratchathani; SE:
Pyrrosia albicans (Blume) Ching Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Phetchaburi,
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Phatthalung,
Thammarat, Trang. Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. W Malesia (Sumatra and Malaysia to the Distribution. Widely known in Malesia and Polynesia,
Philippines and Java). southwards to Australia and northwards to S China and N
Habitat. On tree-trunks or rocks usually in light shade in Vietnam; also recorded from Sri Lanka and S India.
mountain forests, at medium altitudes. Habitat. On tree-trunks in open places or in light shade,
Pyrrosia angustata (Sw.) Ching common at low altitudes or in villages.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Uses. Medicinal.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Pyrrosia mannii (Giesenh.) Ching
Distribution. Malesia. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On tree trunks in light shade, at low altitudes. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Pyrrosia angustissima (Giesenh. ex Diels) Tagawa & K.Iwats. Distribution. Himalayas, SW China (Yunnan), and
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Myanmar.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Rather rare in Thailand, collected on trees or rocks in
Distribution. Warm part of China and Taiwan. evergreen forest, 1,300-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Very high on dead trees in deciduous or evergreen Pyrrosia nummularifolia (Sw.) Ching
forests, 700-1,150 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Pyrrosia costata (C. Presl ex Bedd.) Tagawa & K. Iwats. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei. Distribution. India, Myanmar,W Malesia east to the
Distribution. Himalayas, SW China (Yunnan, Tibet), Upper Philippines, Sulawesi and Lesser Sunda Islands.
Myanmar and Vietnam. Habitat. Epiphytic on tree-trunks or rocks in light shade or
Habitat. On rocks usually in light shade in evergreen forest, in open places, rather common usually at low altitudes.
rather rare 800-1,500 m alt. Uses. Medicinal.
Pyrrosia occulosa (D. Don) Ching Pyrrosia penangiana (Hook.) Holttum
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Phangnga, Satun, Yala.
Distribution. Himalayas, Myanmar and Vietnam. Distribution. W Malaysia, Sumatra and Java; also recorded
Habitat. In evergreen forest along stream, about 750 m alt. from Myanmar (Tenasserim).
Habitat. Collected on rocks (often limestone), at low
Pyrrosia lanceolata (L.) Farw. altitudes.
Region. All over the country. Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G. Price
Distribution. Himalayas to Burma, S China, Taiwan and the Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Ryukyus, Indochina, S India and Sri Lanka, Malesia to Region. NE: Nong Khai; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Nakhon
Polynesia. Nayok, Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Habitat. On tree trunks at low to medium altitudes. Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon,
Uses. Medicinal. Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw. var. lingua Distribution. Himalayas, Indochina, S China (Hainan) and
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Malesia throughout.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Habitat. Usually on tree-trunks in not so dense forests,
Distribution. NE India, china, Japan, Korea, Indochina. rather common at low altitudes.
Habitat. On tree trunks. Uses. Medicinal.
Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw. var. heteractis (Mett. ex Pyrrosia porosa (C. Presl) Hovenkamp var. porosa
Kuhn) Hovenkamp Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
50 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; NE: Loei; Selliguea grifthiana (Hook.) Fraser-Jenk.
SE: Trat. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. Himalayas, S China, Sri Lanka, Indochina. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or rocks usually in mountain Distribution. India, Upper Myanmar, SW China, Laos and
forests, rather rare at 1,000-2,500 m alt. Vietnam.
Pyrrosia rasamalae (Racib.) K.H. Shing Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or mossy limestone cliffs in
Habit. Epiphytic fern. dense evergreen forest, restricted to the highest parts of
Region. N: Tak; SW: Phetchaburi. the higher mountains in the North, not so common.
Distribution. Malesia. Selliguea heterocarpa (Blume) Blume
Habitat. In primary evergreen forest, bamboo thicket. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Pyrrosia stigmosa (Sw.) Ching Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Satun, Songkhla, Yala.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; Java, Borneo, and the Philippines.
C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Habitat. On rocks or tree-trunks, by streams in not so dense
Chanthaburi; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; evergreen forest, at low altitudes.
P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Yala. Selliguea hirsuta (Tagawa & K. Iwats.) S. Linds.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina and southwards to W & Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
C Malesia. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habitat. On dry to moist rocks usually in light shade, not so Loei.
rare throughout Thailand, below 500 m or rarely to 1,300 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Radiogrammitis jagoriana (Mett. ex Kuhn) Parris Habitat. On rocks or rocky soil in exposed or comparatively
Habit. Epiphytic fern. dry places as well as in shaded or moist situations,
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. 1,000-1,800 m alt.
Distribution. Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi and Taiwan. Selliguea laciniata (C. Presl) Parris
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic fern.
at high altitudes of Khao Luang. Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Radiogrammitis multifolia (Copel.) Parris Distribution. W Malesia.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. On mossy trunks of fallen trees in clearing at ridge,
Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. ca 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. S China to W Malesia. Selliguea lateritia (Baker) Hovenkamp
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest Habit. Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic.
with daily fog, locally abundant at medium or high Region. P: Narathiwat.
altitudes. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Scleroglossum pusillum (Blume) Alderw. Habitat. In wide variety of forest types.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Selliguea oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Fraser-Jenk.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Si Thammarat. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malesia, the Pacic Islands. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Prachin
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen or Buri.
deciduous forests, rather rare at medium or high altitudes. Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar, SW China and
Scleroglossum sulcatum (Kuhn) Alderw. Indochina.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks or wet rocks in dense
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si evergreen forest, 1,000-2,300 m alt.
Thammarat, Yala. Selliguea pui Hovenkamp
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, S China, Taiwan, Malesia, Habit. Epiphytic fern.
the Pacic Islands. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in dense mossy forests, rather rare Distribution. Endemic.
at high altitudes. Habitat. On mossy tree trunks in evergreen forest on ridges
Selliguea ebenipes (Hook.) S. Linds. at high altitudes, rather rare.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Selliguea rhynchophylla (Hook.) Fraser-Jenk.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Distribution. NE India and SW China. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense mountain forests, at Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
ridge, ca 2,500 m alt. Distribution. N India, Myanmar, SW China, Indochina.
Selliguea enervis (Cav.) Ching Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks, or rarely on mossy rocks in
Habit. Epiphytic fern. dense evergreen forest, 1,200-1,700 m.
Region. P: Trang. Selliguea stenophylla (Blume) Parris
Distribution. Malesia. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habitat. On trees in evergreen forest, 800 m alt. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.

Habitat. In evergreen forest, 900-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Selliguea triloba (Houtt.) M.G. Price Cheilanthes belangeri (Bory) C. Chr.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang,
Distribution. China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Phitsanulok; NE: Nong Khai; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE:
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Moluccas. Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Satun, Yala.
Habitat. On mossy trunks of fallen trees in clearing on Distribution. N India, S China, Indochina and Peninsular
ridges, at medium or high altitudes. Malaysia, to the Philippines.
Themelium tenuisectum (Blume) Parris Habitat. On clayey banks of paths or muddy rocks in mixed
Habit. Epiphytic fern. forests or in open areas, at low altitudes.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Cheilanthes delicatula Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Distribution. Taiwan, Malesia, the Pacic Islands. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest, ca Region. N: Chiang Mai.
1,500 m alt, on Khao Luang, known only on this Distribution. Endemic.
mountain in Thailand. Habitat. Probably in crevices of rocks.
Tomophyllum subfalcatum (Blume) Parris Cheilanthes formosana Hayata
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalayas, S China, W Malesia Distribution. Taiwan.
and Taiwan. Habitat. On rocks in light shade in mixed deciduous forest,
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest at medium altitude.
usually on ridges, at high altitudes. Cheilanthes fragilis Hook.
Xiphopterella hieronymusii (C. Chr.) Parris Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak.
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Distribution. Myanmar.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. On limestone rocks on ridges of hills in teak
Habitat. In moss on trees in dense primitive forests, fairly jungles, 750-930 m alt.
abundant at high altitudes of Khao Luang. Cheilanthes krameri Franch. & Sav.
Psilotaceae Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; E: Nakhon
Psilotum complanatum Sw. Ratchasima.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Distribution. Japan and Taiwan.
Region. P: Surat Thani. Habitat. On rocks in light shade, at medium or high
Distribution. Pantropical altitudes.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in light shade.
Cheilanthes pseudoargentea (S.K. Wu) K. Iwats.
Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Tropics and subtropics throughout the world, Habitat. On calcareous rocks on cliffy mountain ridge near
north to Jeju Island, S Korea. summit, 1,900-2,100 m alt.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests or in light
shade, at low to medium altitudes. Cheilanthes pseudofarinosa (Ching & S.K. Wu) K. Iwats.

Pteridaceae subfam. Cheilanthoideae Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi.
Calciphilopteris alleniae (R. M. Tryon) Yesilyurt & H. Distribution. Nepal, India, China (S of Yangtze River), and
Schneid. the Philippines.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On rather dry rocks in light shade in mixed
Region. P: Yala. decidudus forest.
Habitat. Not recorded. Cheilanthes rufa D. Don
Calciphilopteris ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) Yesilyurt & H. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan.
Schneid. Distribution. China, N Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habitat. In crevices of rather dry limestone cliffs in open
Region. All over the country. areas of forests, at 900-1,100 m alt.
Distribution. N India, S China, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. In evergreen forest, at low or medium altitudes, or Cheilanthes siamensis (S.K. Wu) K. Iwats.
lithophytic especially on limestone rocks. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Nan, Lampang.
Cheilanthes argentea (S. G. Gmel) Kunze Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On limestone cliffs, 350-500 m alt.
Distribution. China, Japan, Korea.
52 1
Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm.f.) Sw. Pteridaceae subfam. Parkerioideae
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Acrostichum aureum L.
Habit. Terrestrial fern in mangrove.
Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; E: Ubon Ratchathani;
Region. C: Bangkok, Samut Prakan; SW: Phetchaburi,
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon,
Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chachoengsao; P: Surat Thani,
Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Yala.
Satun, Trang, Pattani.
Distribution. Tropics of Asia and Oceania, from India and S
China through Malesia to Polynesia, Australia and New
Habitat. Common in mangrove swamps and tidal forests.
Zealand.
Uses. Edible, medicinal, ornamental.
Habitat. On rather dry clayey banks of paths in mixed
forests, at low altitudes. Acrostichum speciosum Willd.
Uses. Decoction of plant used as hair tonic. Habit. Terrestrial fern in mangrove.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Cheilanthes velutina (Tardieu & C. Chr.) Fraser-Jenk. Distribution. Tropical Asia to Australia.
Habitat. In mangrove swamps.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Distribution. S Indochina. Ceratopteris oblongiloba Masuyama & Watano
Habitat. On dry rocks among ferns in rather dense forests, Habit. Terrestrial in wet soil or in ooded areas.
at low altitudes. Region. P: Ranong.
Distribution. Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines.
Hemionitis vestita (Wall. ex Hook.) J. Sm. Habitat. In paddy elds, at low altitudes.

Habit. Lithophytic fern. Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Terrestrial in wet soil or in ooded areas.
Distribution. N India and SW China. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; E:
Habitat. In rock crevices, ca 2,000 m alt. in limestone areas Buri Ram; C: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani,
of Doi Chiang Dao. Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani,
Parahemionitis cordata (Roxb. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Satun.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Warmer regions throughout the world.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Habitat. In paddy elds usually in open areas, common
Ubon Ratchathani, SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, throughout the country at low to medium altitudes.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung. Uses. Edible, medicinal, ornamental.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S & NE India, S China, Indochina,
W Malesia to the Philippines. Pteridaceae subfam. Pteridoideae
Habitat. On muddy rocks or terrestrial by paths in dense
forests, rather rare throughout the country at low to Onychium contiguum C. Hope
medium altitudes below 600 m. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Pellaea timorensis Alderw. Distribution. N India, SW China and Taiwan.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On dry sandy slopes below limestone cliffs or in
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. crevices of limestones in light shade.
Distribution. Vietnam, Cambodia, Malesia.
Habitat. Not recorded. Onychium siliculosum (Desv.) C. Chr.
Pteridaceae subfam. Cryptogrammoideae Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun; NE:
Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Phangnga.
Coniogramme fraxinea (D. Don) Diels Distribution. India, SW China (Yunnan), Taiwan, Indochina,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Malesia throughout to Polynesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; SE: Habitat. On rather dry banks of new roads in open areas,
Chanthaburi. 800-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, S China to Taiwan, Uses. Medicinal.
Indochina and Malesia to the Philippines.
Habitat. On rather moist mountain slopes in dense Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link
evergreen forest, at high altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Coniogramme petelotii Tardieu Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Trat; P:
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phangnga, Trang, Satun, Yala,
Distribution. Yunnan and N Vietnam. Narathiwat.
Habitat. On wet sandy ground by streams in lower montane Distribution. Pantropical.
forest, ca 1,600 m alt. Habitat. On open mountain slopes in recently felled areas or
along new roads, at low or medium altitudes.
Coniogramme procera Fe
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Pteris aspericaulis Wall. ex J. Agardh
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Himalaya, SW China and Taiwan. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. On wet ground of dense mossy-forests, ca 2,500 m Distribution. N India, Upper Myanmar and Yunnan.
on Doi Inthanon. Habitat. On humus-rich oor of dense evergreen forest or

muddy rocks near streams, above 1,500 m alt. Habitat. On mountain slopes or ground of evergreen forest
Pteris asperula J. Sm. ex Hieron. at low altitudes in Peninsular, or in dry evergreen forest
Habit. Terrestrial fern. at low to medium altitutdes in other parts.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; Uses. Ornamental, medicinal.
P: Phangnga, Satun. Pteris grevilleana Wall. ex J. Agardh
Distribution. Malesia. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On rather dry banks of mountain paths in open Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P:
areas, ca 400 m alt. Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Pteris bella Tagawa Distribution. India to S China and W Malesia, north to
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Taiwan and the Ryukyus.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen
Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. forest, at medium altitudes.
Distribution. Taiwan. Pteris heteromorpha Fe
Habitat. On mountain slopes in lower montane forest, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
1,100-2,200 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Pteris biaurita L. Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Sakon Nakhon; SW:
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri; P: Krabi.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Luzon and Sulawesi.
Distribution. Pantropical. Habitat. On rather dry humus slopes in dry or evergreen
Habitat. On mountain slopes in light shade or in lower forests, 500-900 m alt.
montane forest, below 1,400 m, usually a lowland Pteris linearis Poir.
species. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Pteris blumeana J. Agardh Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. E Africa and tropical Asia but accurate
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, distribution is not certain.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Habitat. On mountain slopes in lower montane forest in
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: limestone regions or in light shade, ca 800-1,800 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Yala. Pteris longipes D. Don
Distribution. India, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Malesia. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On dry mountain slopes in deep shade or Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Tak; NE: Loei;
humus-rich ground, at low or medium altitudes, to 1,200 E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi ;SE: Chanthaburi.
m alt. on Phu Luang. Distribution. N India, S China, Vietnam and Taiwan,
Pteris cretica L. southwards to the Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dense thickets in dry
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; NE: evergreen or lower montane forests, 700-1,600 m alt.
Phetchabun, Khon Kaen; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Pteris longipinnula Wall. ex J. Agardh
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Yala. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Tropics and subtropics throughout the World. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani,
Habitat. On mountain slopes in forests. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. S India, Malesia. The circumscription and the
Pteris dalhousiae Hook. range of this species are as yet not certain.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. Near marshes, at low altitudes.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Pteris mertensioides Willd.
Surat Thani, Songkhla, Yala. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
W Java. Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Yala.
Habitat. In evergreen forest, at low altitudes. Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Malesia to Polynesia.
Pteris decrescens Christ Habitat. On damp slopes in evergreen forest, at low to
Habit. Terrestrial fern. medium altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Pteris multida Poir.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chon Buri, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani. Region. C: Bangkok.
Distribution. S China and Indochina. Distribution. Indochina, China, Japan and rather rarely in
Habitat. On mountain slopes in deep shade, at medium or Ryukyus and Taiwan
high altitudes. Habitat. Only once collected on stone-walls in Bangkok in
Pteris ensiformis Burm.f. 1921.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Uses. Medicinal.
Region. All over the country. Pteris nepalensis H. Ito
Distribution. Old World tropics, Sri Lanka to Australia and Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Polynesia, Malesia, north to India, S China, Indochina Region. N: Chiang Mai.
and the Ryukyus. Distribution. E Himalaya.
54 1
Habitat. On humus-rich ground in light shade near the top SW: Kanchanaburi.
of mountain, about 2,500 m alt. Distribution. N India to Malesia.
Pteris phuluangensis Tagawa & K. Iwats. Habitat. On rather dry mountain-slopes in forests, 300-900
Habit. Terrestrial fern. m alt.
Region. NE: Loei. Pteris vittata L.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in dry evergreen forest, ca 800 Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
m alt. Lamphun, Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; C: Saraburi; SE:
Pteris plumbea Christ Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung,
Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Trang, Satun, Songkhla,Yala.
Thani, Satun. Distribution. Old World tropics and subtropics, north to S
Distribution. China and Indochina. Japan.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in mixed forests, at Habitat. On rather wet sandy ground or muddy rocks usually
medium altitudes. along rivers in shade, below 800 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental, medicinal.
Pteris scabripes Wall. ex J. Agardh
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Pteris wallichiana J. Agardh
Region. SE: Chon Buri; P; Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thammarat, Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habitat. On rocky mountain-slopes in dense evergreen Distribution. N India, S China, Laos, S Japan to Taiwan,
forest, at low altitudes. south to Java, Sulawesi, and a variety in Samoa.
Habitat. In light shade or half-shaded places, at low to
Pteris semipinnata L. medium altitudes.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, north Syngramma alismifolia (C. Presl) J. Sm.
to southern edge of Japan. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. In evergreen forest, at middle elevation. Region. P: Surat Thani, Narathiwat.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. Malesia throughout, north to S Indochina.
Habitat. On banks of streams, near sea level.
Pteris stenophylla Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Syngramma minima Holttum
Region. N: Nan; NE Loei; SW: Phetchaburi. Habit. Lithophyte fern.
Distribution. N India and Laos. Also recorded from Malesia Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
but doubtful. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen Habitat. In shady areas near the top of quartzitic phyllite
forest, ca 800 m alt. ridges, at 650 m alt.
Pteris subquinata Wall. ex J. Agardh Taenitis blechnoides (Willd.) Sw.

Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Saraburi,
Distribution. Himalaya to Laos. Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout
Habitat. On rather dry slopes at foot of limestone cliffs in the region.
light shade, 1,300-1,600 m alt. Distribution. Tropics from Sri Lanka to Fiji.
Habitat. On rather dry ground in not so dense forest, at low
Pteris tokioi Masam. or rarely medium altitudes.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Indochina, Taiwan and southern edge of Japan. Taenitis interrupta Hook. & Grev.
Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in lower montane Habit. Terrestrial fern.
forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Distribution. W Malesia.
Pteris tripartita Sw. Habitat. Swamp forest or in grassy thickets.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Pteridaceae subfam. Vittarioideae
Phangnga,Yala. Adiantum capillus-junonis Rupr.
Distribution. Old World ropics, southeast to Australia and Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Polynesia. Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei.
Habitat. On calcareous gravelly slopes, at low altitudes. Distribution. Japan, China, Taiwan.
Uses. Ornamental, medicinal. Habitat. On wet limestone rock walls in semishade, 600900 m.
Pteris venusta Kunze Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; C:
Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi;

Chumphon. with water seepage.
Distribution. Tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate Adiantum phanomensis S. Linds. & D.J. Middleton
regions throughout the world. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. In muddy crevices of cliffs or mossy rocks by Region. P: Surat Thani.
streams usually in spray in light shade at low altitudes. Distribution. Endemic.
Uses. Ornamental, medicinal. Habitat. On steep banks of soft eroding limestone.
Adiantum caudatum L. Adiantum philippense L.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. All over the country. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Old World tropics, from Africa to Polynesia. Distribution. Old World tropics.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes or often on muddy limestone Habitat. On rather dry slopes or muddy crevices of rocks in
usually in deciduous forests up to 1,000 m alt. light shade or on humus-rich oor of dense forest; at low
Uses. Ornamental, medicinal. to medium altitudes, rarely to 1,400 m alt..
Adiantum edgeworthii Hook. Adiantum siamense Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi.
Distribution. NE India, Upper Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Distribution. Endemic.
Taiwan, Philippines, Timor, and northwards to S Japan. Habitat. On limestone cliffs in light shade at low altitudes.
Habitat. On muddy rocks in semi-shade or evergreen forest,
1,600-1,750 m alt. Adiantum soboliferum Wall. ex Hook.
Adiantum erylliae C. Chr. & Tardieu Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Lamphun, Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chanthaburi; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani,
Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi. Trang, Satun.
Distribution. Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. Distribution. India, S China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malesia,
Habitat. On dry slopes or in crevices of limestone caves in the Pacics.
light shade, at low altitudes. Habitat. On rather dry ground in deciduous or evergreen
Adiantum abellulatum L. forests, at low or medium altitudes.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Adiantum stenochlamys Baker
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Habit. Lithophytic or terrestrial fern.
Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Region. SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Satun, Songkhla.
Khan; P: Chumphon. Distribution. Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. India, Myanmar, SW and S China, Indochina, Malaysia, Borneo and Philippines.
Taiwan, Malesia, Japan. Habitat. On wet rocks in forests usually, at low altitudes near sea.
Habitat. On humus-rich ground in rather open forests,
at medium altitudes. Adiantum thongthamii Suksathan
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. SE: Trat.
Adiantum fragiliforme C. Chr. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On exposed sandstone outcrops, 500-640 m alt.
Region. SE: Trat.
Distribution. Cambodia. Adiantum zollingeri Mett. ex Kuhn
Habitat. In rock crevices above water in dry evergreen Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
forest at low altitudes. Region. Most regions except in the southeastern.
Distribution. Himalaya to W Malesia.
Adiantum gomphophyllum Baker Habitat. On dry ground or muddy limestone in deciduous or
Habit. Lithophytic fern. evergreen forests, up to 1,100 m alt.
Region. P: Phangnga, Satun.
Distribution. Endemic. Antrophyum callifolium Blume
Habitat. In crevices of limestone cliffs in forest, at low Habit. Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic fern.
altitude. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; C:
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Adiantum latifolium Lam. Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Throughout the region.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Old World tropics.
Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi, Satun, Songkhla, Yala, Habitat. On muddy rocks or mossy tree-trunks usually in
Narathiwat. dense evergreen forest, at low or medium altitudes.
Distribution. Neotropical, naturalised in the palaeotropics.
Habitat. Disturbed open areas. Antrophyum obovatum Baker
Adiantum membranifolium S. Linds. & Suksathan Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Distribution. N India, China, Indochina, Taiwan, and as far
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. north as Japan.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in lower montane forest,
Habitat. On almost vertical karst limestone cliffs in shade ca 1,500 m alt.
56 1
Antrophyum parvulum Blume Haplopteris taeniophylla (Copel.) E.H. Crane
Habit. Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic fern. Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Yala. Distribution. NE Himalaya, Myanmar, Yunnan, Taiwan and
Distribution. India, Hainan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malesia. the Philippines.
Habitat. On mossy tree trunks or moist muddy rocks in Habitat. On tree-trunks, ca 2,200 m alt.,
dense evergreen forest. Haplopteris winitii (Tagawa & K. Iwats.) S. Linds.
Antrophyum vittarioides Baker Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. China, Vietnam. Habitat. On bark of trees in semi-evergreen jungle, 520 m alt.
Habitat. By small streams in dense forests, ca 1,000 m alt. Vaginularia paradoxa (Fe) Mett.
Haplopteris amboinensis (Fe) X.C. Zhang Habit. Epiphytic fern.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Distribution. Sri Lanka, Malesia to Melanesia.
Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Krabi, Trang. Habitat. On trunks of old trees in dense evergreen forest, at
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, medium altitudes.
Indonesia. Vaginularia trichoidea Fe
Habitat. On tree-trunks usually in evergreen forest, at Habit. Lithophytic fern.
medium or high altitudes. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Haplopteris angustifolia (Blume) E.H. Crane Distribution. W Malesia.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. On muddy moist rocks by streams in dense
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, evergreen forest, at low or medium altitudes.
Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi,
Trang, Yala. Rhachidosoraceae
Distribution. Malesia, east to New Caledonia. Rhachidosorus siamensis S. Linds.
Habitat. On tree trunks, usually on old bark of trees, or Habit. Terrestrial fern.
muddy or mossy rocks in dense evergreen or montane Region. N: Chiang Mai.
forests, at medium to high altitudes. Distribution. Endemic.
Haplopteris elongata (Sw.) E.H. Crane Habitat. On clay bank in shady gully of small stream in
Habit. Epiphytic fern. lower montane forest on granite bedrock, at 1,750 m.
Distribution. Old World tropics, north to Sikkim, Hainan Salviniaceae
and southern edge of Japan. Azolla caroliniana Willd.
Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks in light shade to dense Habit. Aquatic fern.
forests, at low to medium altitudes. Region. N: Phayao.
Haplopteris ensiformis (Sw.) E.H. Crane Distribution. American tropics but dispersed throughout the
Habit. Epiphytic fern. world.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Habitat. Floating in still water.
Chanthaburi, Trat; C: Bangkok; P: Throughout the Azolla pinnata R. Br.
region. Habit. Aquatic fern.
Distribution. Old World tropics. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; C: Phra Nakhon
Habitat. On tree-trunks usually in dense evergreen forest, at Si Ayutthaya; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani.
low or medium altitudes. Distribution. Palaeotropics.
Haplopteris exuosa (Fe) E.H. Crane Habitat. Floating on canals or paddy elds usually in sunny
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. places, at low altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak, Uses. Green manure, fodder crop.
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; Salvinia cucullata Roxb. ex Bory
SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Aquatic fern.
Distribution. E Himalaya to SW and S China and Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya,
Indochina, north to Japan, south to Peninsular Malaysia. Pathum Thani; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat
Habitat. On tree-trunks or moist rocks usually in lower Thani.
montane forest, at above 1,000 m alt. Distribution. India, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia to
Haplopteris scolopendrina (Bory) C. Presl Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic fern. Habitat. Floating on water in open places.
Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun. Salvinia natans (L.) All.
Distribution. Old World tropics, Madagascar to Samoa, but Habit. Aquatic fern.
not found in Indonesia, Region. SW: Ratchaburi.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in evergreen forest, at medium Distribution. C Europe, N India, China, Japan, N Vietnam
altitudes. and Java.
Habitat. Floating in water pool in open places.

Schizaeaceae Distribution. Assam, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. On clayey slopes or muddy rocks in forest, at
Actinostachys digitata (L.) Wall. ex C. F. Reed medium altitudes.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Rayong, Trat; P: Throughout the Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring
region. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Tropical Asia, north to S China (Guangdong, Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Hainan & Taiwan) and Micronesia. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Vietnam;
Habitat. In light shade, at low altitudes. Indonesia (Java), Philippines, New Guinea, Australia.
Habitat. At 900-1,000 m alt.
Actinostachys wagneri (Selling) C.F. Reed
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston
Region. P: Phangnga. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Region. All over the country.
Moluccas, New Guinea, NE Australia. Distribution. India to S China and Taiwan, Indochina,
Habitat. Only known from beach forest at sea level. Malesia.
Habitat. On rather dry ground or mountain slopes in light
Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Sm. shade or rarely on muddy rocks in dense forests, below
Habit. Terrestrial fern. 500 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; SE:
Chon Buri, Trat; P: Throughout the region. Selaginella grifthii Spring
Distribution. Old World tropics, north to the Ryukyus, west Habit. Terrestrial fern.
to Madagascar, and southeast to Polynesia, New Zealand Region. SW: Kanchanuburi; P: Krabi, Phuket, Trang, Satun.
and Australia. Distribution. S. Myanmar, Cambodia, S Vietnam,
Habitat. On open grassland or in light shade, at low Peninsular Malaysia.
altitudes. Habitat. On moist ground near streams in dense evergreen
Uses. Medicinal. forest, at lower altitudes.
Selaginellaceae Selaginella helferi Warb.

Selaginella amblyphylla Alston Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok, Tak;
Habit. Terrestrial fern. NE: Loei; C: Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei; Distribution. Assam, Myanmar, S China, Indochina.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Krabi, Satun. Habitat. In evergreen forest, at 4001,600 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar and Yunnan.
Selaginella inaequalifolia (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen
forest, at medium to higher altitudes.
Region. N: Tak.
Selaginella argentea (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring Distribution. India, Assam, Myanmar.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. In moist shady place near rivulet in moist
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; SE: Trat; evergreen forest, at medium altitudes.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Satun,
Trang.
Selaginella intermedia (Blume) Spring
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Malaysia.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout the region.
Habitat. On tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, up to
Distribution. Myanmar (Tenasserim), Indochina, Peninsular
about 1,500 m alt.
Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes.
Selaginella biformis A. Br. ex Kuhn Habitat. On humus rich ground or rather dry slopes, at low
Habit. Terrestrial fern. to medium altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae,
Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring
Phitsanulok, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon
Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, Tak; E: Chaiyaphum;
Distribution. Assam, Myanmar, S China, Indochina,
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Trang.
Malesia.
Distribution. Ceylon, India, Myanmar, China, Indochina,
Habitat. On rather dry ground or no humus rich oor or
S. Korea, Japan to Taiwan, Borneo, Celebes and Flores.
dense forest in light shade, at 5001,200 m alt.
Habitat. On dry mountain slopes or rocks in light to dense
Selaginella bisulcata Spring forest.
Selaginella kurzii Baker
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, Yunnan.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in light shade, at about 1,800
Phitsanulok; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
m alt.
Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Selaginella chrysorhizos Spring Distribution. Assam to Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On dry mountain slopes or moist clayey slopes in
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, forest, at medium altitudes.
Phitsanulok, Tak; NE: Loei.
58 1
Selaginella lindhardtii Heiron Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Region. N: Tak; C: Bangkok; SW: Ratchaburi. Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. In bamboo forest or shady brick-walls, at low Habitat. On rather dry ground in light shade, at low to
altitudes. medium altitudes.
Selaginella minutifolia Spring Selaginella siamensis Hieron.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; P: Ranong, Trang. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lampang,
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, S Vietnam, Peninsular Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat; SW:
Malaysia. Kanchanaburi; P: Satun.
Habitat. On rather dry sandy slopes or moist cliffs in mixed Distribution. Indochina.
forest. Habitat. On rather dry ground or rocks in light shade or in
open areas, at 1,0001,800 m alt.
Selaginella monospora Spring
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Selaginella strigosa Bedd.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. N India, S China, Myanmar, Indochina. Region. P: Yala.
Habitat. On exposed ground or mossy rocks in exposed Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
ridge or near summit. Habitat. At low altitudes.
Selaginella ornata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring
Region. SE: Trat; P: Trang. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Indochina (Tonkin & Cambodia) and western Distribution. E. Asia, north to E. Siberia, Manchuria and
Malesia (type from Sumatra) to the Philippines and the Hokkaido in N. Japan, south to Philippines and Lombok,
Flores. Indochina.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen Habitat. In crevices of dry exposed limestone cliffs, at about
forest. 2,000 m alt.
Selaginella ostenfeldii Hieron. Selaginella tenuifolia Spring
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Lampang, Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Phrae.
Lamphun, Phrae, Tak, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; SW: Distribution. N India, Myanmar, Laos.
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. On rather dry slopes in not so dense forest, at
Distribution. Myanmar (Shan State and Moulmein) and 9001,200 m alt.
Indochina (Cochinchina and Cambodia). Selaginella trachyphylla A. Br. ex Heiron
Habitat. On rather dry slope in deciduous or mixed forest, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
up to 1,400 m alt. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Nakhon Si
Selaginella pennata (Don) Spring Thammarat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. China (type from Hongkong) and Indochina.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phrae, Nan, Habitat. On rather dry slope in dense forest, at low to
Phitsanulok, Tak; N: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: medium altitudes.
Kanchanaburi. Selaginella vaginata Spring
Distribution. N India, Myanmar. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On moist mountain slopes usually near streams in Region. N: Chiang Mai.
light shade or in evergreen forest, at medium altitudes. Distribution. N India, Myanmar.
Selaginella pubescens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring Habitat. On limestone cliffs in open areas on rocky
mountain range.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Selaginella wallichii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phrae, Tak; P: Phatthalung. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in deciduous or Yala.
mixed forest, at lower altitudes. Distribution. S Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia,
Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring Sumatra, Borneo.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. In wet places near streams, at lower altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; NE: Loei; C: Selaginalla willdenowii (Desv.) Baker
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; SW: Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Distribution. N India, S China, Taiwan, Indochina, western Throughout the region.
Malesia. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in mixed or deciduous forest, Sumatra, Java, the Philippines.
up to 2,000 m alt. Habitat. Forming thickets among undergrouwths in
Selaginella roxburghii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring evergreen forest, below 500 m alt.

Tectariaceae Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Arthropteris palisotii (Desv.) Alston Distribution. S China, Myanmar, N Vietnam and W
Habit. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern. Malaysia.
Region. N: Phrae, Tak; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, at medium
P: Surat Thani. altitudes.
Distribution. Old World tropics, Africa to the Pacic.
Habitat. On tree-trunks or rocks in semi-shaded places. Pteridrys cnemidaria (Christ) C. Chr. & Ching
Heterogonium alderwereltii Holttum Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Distribution. Himalayas, SW China, Upper Myanmar, and S
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Vietnam.
Distribution. Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. On moist slopes in dense forests in limestone
Habitat. Along paths in dense evergreen forest, at low regions, at low altitudes.
altitudes; terrestrial in non-calcareous area.
Heterogonium hennipmanii Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Pteridrys syrmatica (Willd.) C. Chr. & Ching
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri
Region. N: Tak. Khan; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Distribution. Endemic. Trang, Satun, Yala.
Habitat. Moist evergreen forest along streamlets, ca 800 m Distribution. Sri Lanka, S Vietnam and Malesia, east to
alt. Sulawesi and the Philippines.
Heterogonium pinnatum (Copel.) Holttum Habitat. On humus-rich ground in dense evergreen forest,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. below 600 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Tectaria angulata (Willd.) C. Chr.
Trang, Yala. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. W Malesia to the Philippines. Region. N: Lampang; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Habitat. Near streams in jungles, at low altitudes. Phangnga, Phuket, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Heterogonium sagenioides (Mett.) Holttum Distribution. Malesia.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On rather dry ground in evergreen forest, at low
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; E: altitudes.
Chaiyaphum; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE & Tectaria barberi (Hook.) Copel.
P: Throughout the regions. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. China, S Myanmar, Vietnam, W Malaysia, Region. P: Surat Thani, Satun.
Philippines. Distribution. W Malaysia and Borneo.
Habitat. In evergreen forest, ca 200-500 m alt. Habitat. Near streams in forests, near sea level.
Pleocnemia hemiteliiformis (Racib.) Holttum Tectaria brachiata (Zoll. & Moritzi) C.V. Morton
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun.
Distribution. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java and Distribution. Malesia, N Australia.
Sulawesi. Habitat. Non-limestone rocky places.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, at medium
altitudes. Tectaria coadunata (J. Sm.) C. Chr.
Pleocnemia irregularis (C. Presl) Holttum Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, SW China, Indochina,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; Taiwan and W Malaysia.
SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi, Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, 350-1,500 m
Phetchaburi; P: Throughout the region. alt.
Distribution. Myanmar (Tenasserim), Cambodia, Malesia to Uses. Medicinal.
Fiji.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in dense forests, at low or Tectaria crenata Cav.
medium altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Uses. Edible, medicinal. Region. SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Trang.
Pleocnemia submembranacea (Hayata) Tagawa & K. Iwats. Distribution. Malesia and Polynesia extending north to N
Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, at low to
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phitsanulok. medium altitudes.
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, Indochina, China (Hainan), Uses. Edible, medicinal.
Taiwan. Tectaria decurrens (C. Presl) Copel.
Habitat. On humus rich mountain slopes usually near Habit. Terrestrial fern.
streams in dense forests, at medium altitudes. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phrae,
Pteridrys australis Ching Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Trat;
Habit. Terrestrial fern. P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
60 1
Distribution. Widely in Tropical Asia. Distribution. W Malaysia and Sumatra.
Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dense forests, at Habitat. On limestone rocks.
medium altitudes. Tectaria laotica Tardieu & C. Chr.
Tectaria devexa (Kunze) Copel. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Region. NE: Loei.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi; Distribution. Laos.
SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani. Habitat. In evergreen forest, at the top of Phu Kradueng.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S China, Indochina, Malesia, north Tectaria manilensis (C. Presl) Holttum
to Taiwan and the Ryukyus. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rocks, usually on limestone, or terrestrial in Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae, Tak;
evergreen forest, at low altitudes. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok;
Tectaria fauriei Tagawa SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Throughout
Habit. Terrestrial fern. the region.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Distribution. Myanmar, W Malaysia, SW Sulawesi, and
Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok. Philippines.
Distribution. N India and Myanmar, Taiwan, and the Habitat. Usually in crevices of limestone cliffs in light
Ryukyus. shade at low altitudes.
Habitat. Usually along streams in mixed or evergreen Tectaria melanocaulis (Blume) Copel.
forests, at medium altitudes. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Tectaria ssa (Kunze) Holttum Region. P: Yala.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Malesia throughout from Sumatra to New
Region. P: Yala. Guinea.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Habitat. On or among rocks, including limestone, in forest.
Habitat. In lowland evergreen forest. Tectaria phaeocaulis (Rosenst.) C. Chr.
Tectaria fuscipes (Wall. ex Bedd.) C. Chr. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak, Distribution. S China, Indochina, Taiwan and the Ryukyus.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nakhon Sawan; SW: Habitat. On mountain slopes in mixed forests, ca 1,600 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi. Tectaria phanomensis S. Linds.
Distribution. Sikkim to S China, east to Taiwan. Habit. Lithophytic fern.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in humus-rich areas in dense Region. P: Surat Thani.
mixed or evergreen forests, 500-1,200 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Tectaria grifthii (Baker) C. Chr. Habitat. Collected from a pocket of thin soil on a limestone
Habit. Terrestrial fern. cliff, ca 100 m alt.
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; Tectaria polymorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. N India, Myanmar, SW China, Indochina, W Distribution. E Himalaya to S China and Taiwan, south to
Malesia to the Philippines. Sri Lanka and W Malaysia.
Habitat. On rocky mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, Habitat. On mountain slopes usually in dry places in dense
below 600 m alt. forests, at low to medium altitudes up to 1,400 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental. Uses. Medicinal.
Tectaria herpetocaulos Holttum Tectaria remotipinna Ching & Chu H.Wang
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Distribution. China.
Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habitat. On streambanks in lower montane or hill evergreen
Surat Thani, Krabi. forest over granite bedrock at 1,000-1,450 m.
Distribution. S India, Myanmar, Indochina and W Malaysia.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, 500-1,100 m alt. Tectaria rockii C. Chr.
Tectaria impressa (Fe) Holttum Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SW:
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
Region. Widespread throughout Thailand. Distribution. Myanmar and Indochina.
Distribution. N India, SW China, Indochina, Taiwan, W Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense forests, 400-1,200 m alt.
Malaysia to Java.
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in not so dense Tectaria semipinnata (Roxb.) C.V. Morton
forests, fairly common especially on limestone, at low to Habit. Terrestrial fern.
medium altitudes up to 900 m alt. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Nakhon Si
Thammarat, Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Tectaria keckii (Luerss.) C. Chr. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at
Region. P: Chumphon, Yala. low and medium altitudes.

Uses. Ornamental. places, at medium altitudes.
Tectaria shahidaniana Rusea Cyclosorus articulatus (Houlston & T. Moore) Panigrahi
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. N: Lampang, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalaya, Myanmar, and W China.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest on granite bedrock, at about Habitat. Moist evergreen forest along streamlets, at medium
300 m alt. altitudes.
Tectaria siifolia (Willd.) Copel. Cyclosorus asperus (C. Presl) B.K. Nayar & Kaur
Region. P: Trang, Satun. Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Yala.
Distribution. Malesia. Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Malesia throughout to N
Habitat. On clayey ground at peak of hills, near sea-level. Queensland.
Tectaria simonsii (Baker) Ching Habitat. Terrestrial on rather dry slopes in evergreen forest
Habit. Terrestrial fern. along streamlets, at medium altitudes.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Cyclosorus canus (Baker) S. Linds.
Phitsanulok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; SW: Uthai Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Thani, Kanchanaburi. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; E: Chaiyaphum.
Distribution. Sikkim, India to S China, N Vietnam, Taiwan Distribution. Himalaya to SW China and N Vietnam.
and the Ryukyus. Habitat. On wet sandy ground by streams or in paddy elds,
Habitat. On mountain slopes in shady places, at medium at medium altitudes.
altitudes. Cyclosorus ciliatus (Wall. ex Benth.) Panigrahi
Tectaria singaporiana (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Copel. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Tak,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Region. P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat. Distribution. Nepal to W Malesia, north to Hong Kong.
Distribution. Western Malesia. Habitat. Usually on muddy stream-beds in dense forests,
Habitat. On mountain slopes often near streams in dense 500-1,700 m alt.
evergreen forest fairly common, below 900 m alt. Cyclosorus clarkei (Bedd.) Ching
Uses. Medicinal. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Tectaria tenerifrons (Hook.) Ching Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Tak; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Distribution. Himalayas, SW China.
Nakhon Sawan; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. On rather dry ground in deciduous or mixed
Distribution. Myanmar. forests, locally abundant 500-1,000 m alt.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in light shade in limestone Cyclosorus crassifolius (Blume) S. Linds.
areas, below 600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Tectaria vasta (Blume) Copel. Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Satun, Narathiwat.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Distribution. W Malesia.
Distribution. Malesia. Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen
Habitat. On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, forest, ca 1,400 m alt.
400-800 m alt. Cyclosorus crinipes (Hook.) Ching
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Tectaria zeilanica (Houtt.) Sledge Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Habit. Lithophytic fern. Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; SW: Uthai Thani.
Region. N: Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; Distribution. Himalaya and SW China.
E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi; SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Habitat. On sandy ground along streams in deciduous or
Prachuap Khiri Khan. evergreen forests, at low to medium altitudes.
Distribution. Mauritius, Sri Lanka, S China, Indochina, Cyclosorus dentatus (Forssk.) Ching
Taiwan, Borneo, and on Pulau Tioman off W Malaysia. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On muddy rocks in mixed or evergreen forests, Region. All over the country.
below 500 m alt. Distribution. Pantropical.
Habitat. Usually on rather dry ground in light shade or in
Thelypteridaceae forests, at low or medium altitudes.
Cyclosorus aridus (D. Don) Ching Cyclosorus evolutus (C.B. Clarke & Baker) Ching
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; P: Satun, Yala.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei.
Distribution. Himalaya to W Malesia, north to N Vietnam,
Distribution. NE India.
Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Habitat. On humus-rich slopes in evergreen forest, at
Habitat. On clayey ground or in grassy elds in some open
medium altitudes.
62 1
Cyclosorus exsculptus (Baker) S. Linds. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Trang, Yala.
Region. P: Yala. Distribution. Malesia.
Distribution. Borneo. Habitat. On moist slopes in dense evergreen forest, at low
Habitat. On logs in streams, at low altitudes. altitudes.
Cyclosorus falcilobus (Hook.) Panigrahi Cyclosorus menisciicarpus (Blume) Holttum
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habit. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani, Trang,
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun. Satun, Yala.
Distribution. NE India, Upper Myanmar, SW & S China, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Laos and Vietnam. Philippines and New Guinea.
Habitat. Near streams in shade, at medium altitudes. Habitat. On earthy banks or rocks by streams in evergreen
forest, at low altitudes.
Cyclosorus glandulosus (Blume) Ching
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Cyclosorus nudatus (Roxb.) B.K. Nayar & S. Kaur
Region. P: Trang, Satun, Yala. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Distribution. W Malesia. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Habitat. Near streams, at low altitudes. Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok;
SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat
Cyclosorus heterocarpus (Blume) Ching Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Himalaya, Myanmar, China and N Vietnam.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Habitat. On rather dry ground in light shade or in dense
Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
forests, at medium altitudes.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Malesia to Polynesia.
Habitat. In evergreen forest, at low altitudes. Cyclosorus opulentus (Kaulf.) Nakaike
Uses. Medicinal, ornamental. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Lampang, Tak; NE: Nong Khai; C: Saraburi;
Cyclosorus immersus (Blume) S. Linds. SE: Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Uthai
Thani, Kanchanaburi; P: Throughout the region.
Region. N: Lampang; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Distribution. Sri Lanka to Malesia, Micronesia and
SE: Chanthaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani,
Polynesia.
Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Habitat. On rather dry mountain slopes in light shade,
Yala.
usually at low altitudes.
Distribution. Malesia north to Hainan.
Habitat. On rather dry banks of paths in light shade to dense Cyclosorus papilio (C. Hope) Ching
evergreen forest, at low to medium altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; SW:
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Himalaya, Taiwan, and Peninsular
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Lampang; C: Bangkok;
Malaysia.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Habitat. On moist ground by streamlets at edge of evergreen
P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
forest, at medium altitudes.
Phatthalung, Songkhla, Yala.
Distribution. Pantropical. Cyclosorus parasiticus (L.) Farw.
Habitat. On grassy banks along streams or in open marshy Habit. Terrestrial fern.
places, at low altitudes. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak,
Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum; NE: Loei; SE: Chon Buri,
Cyclosorus lakhimpurense (Rosenst.) Copel. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Distribution. Tropics and subtropics in Asia, north to S
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi.
Japan and south to New Zealand.
Distribution. Himalaya to SW China and N Vietnam.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes along path in open places or in
Habitat. On humus-rich slopes usually near streams in
evergreen forest, at low to medium altitudes.
forests, at medium altitudes.
Cyclosorus larutensis (Bedd.) Ching
Cyclosorus penangianus (Hook.) Copel.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. Himalaya, to S and SW China (not in
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
Penang!).
Habitat. In shade, at low altitudes.
Habitat. Along streams in rather dry valley-forests, ca 150
Cyclosorus lebeui (Baker) W. M. Chu m alt.
Cyclosorus polycarpus (Blume) Holttum
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. NE India and Cambodia.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat
Habitat. On clayey soil along river, at low altitudes.
Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Cyclosorus megaphyllus (Mett.) Ching Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Malesia.

Habitat. On rather dry ground by paths in open places, at Cyclosorus terminans (J. Sm. ex Hook.) Panigrahi
low altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Cyclosorus procerus (D. Don) S. Linds. & D.J. Middleton Region. Common all over the country.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Tropics of Asia to Australia (Queensland).
Region. NE: Phetchabun; SE: Prachin Buri. Habitat. Common on rather dry mountain slopes in forests,
Distribution. Himalaya to N Myanmar. up to 1,200 m alt.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in evergreen forest, 1,200- Cyclosorus thailandicus S. Linds.
Cyclosorus prolifer (Retz.) Tardieu ex Tardieu & C. Chr. Region. SW: Phetchaburi.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum, Udon Habitat. In primary evergreen forest in sandy-stony soil
Thani; C: Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi. beside river in deep shade, 330 m alt.
Distribution. Old World tropics and subtropics. Cyclosorus triphyllus (Sw.) Tardieu ex Tardieu & C. Chr.
Habitat. On moist banks near streams usually in open places var. triphyllus
or in light shade, at low to medium altitudes. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Cyclosorus repandus (Fe) B.K. Nayar & S. Kaur Region. All over the country.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Tropics of Asia to Australia, north to southern
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: edge of Japan.
Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habitat. Rather rare, on dry banks of rivers in shade, at low
Trang, Satun, Yala. altitudes.
Distribution. Myanmar, N Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Cyclosorus triphyllus (Sw.) Tardieu ex Tardieu & C. Chr.
Sumatra, Borneo, W Java, Sulawesi, the Philippines. var. parishii (Bedd.) S. Linds.
Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen Habit. Terrestrial fern.
forest, at low to medium altitudes. Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Cyclosorus rubicundus (Alderw.) S. Linds. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Malaysia, Taiwan and the Ryukyus.
Region. P: Phatthalung, Yala, Narathiwat. Habitat. On rather dry river-banks in light shade, at medium
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. altitudes.
Habitat. Primary forest. Cyclosorus truncatus (Poir.) Farw.
Cyclosorus sakayensis (Zeiller) Ching Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Region. All over the country.
Region. P: Yala. Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Himalaya to S China,
Distribution. Malesia. Myanmar, Indochina, Ryukyu Is., Taiwan, W Malesia to
Habitat. In forests along streams, 160-500 m alt. Philippines.
Habitat. On wet ground usually along streams in light or
Cyclosorus salicifolius (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel. deep shade, up to 1,500 m alt.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Cyclosorus tylodes (Kunze) Panigrahi
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On rocks in and beside streams, rheophytic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE:
Loei.
Cyclosorus siamensis (Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Panigrahi Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Himalaya, S & SW China
and Vietnam.
Region. N: Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. On wet sandy ground or stream-beds in light shade,
at medium altitudes.
Habitat. On humus-rich mountain slopes in evergreen
forest, 1,200-1,400 m alt. Cyclosorus unitus (L.) Ching
Cyclosorus subelatus (Baker) Ching Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, N Vietnam, Peninsular
Malaysia, Philippines, New Guinea, Micronesia to
Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei,
Polynesia.
Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Habitat. Edge of streams, near sea-level.
Chanthaburi.
Distribution. SW China and Upper Myanmar. Cyclosorus validus (Christ) Ching
Habitat. On mountain slopes in open places to somewhat Habit. Terrestrial fern.
deep shade, at medium altitudes. Region. Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun,
Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi.
Cyclosorus subpubescens (Blume) Ching Distribution. SW China, Upper Myanmar and Indochina.
Habitat. On rather dry slopes in mixed or evergreen forests,
at 6001,300 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical Asia to Australia (Queensland), north
to S Japan. Macrothelypteris ornata (Wall. ex Bedd.) Ching
Habitat. On rather dry mountain-slopes in forests, at Habit. Terrestrial fern.
medium altitudes. Region. N: Lampang; NE: Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi;
64 1
SE: Chanthaburi. Thelypteris accida (Blume) Ching
Distribution. S & N India, N Myanmar and Taiwan. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On clayey ground in open or half-shaded places, Region. NE: Phetchabun.
600-800 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, SW China (Yunnan and
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching Guizhou), N Vietnam, and Java.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Habitat. On half-shaded, humus-rich banks of new road, ca
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, 1,200 m alt.
Tak; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat, Thelypteris glanduligera (Kunze) Ching
Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Mascarene Islands, throughout tropical Asia, Distribution. Nepal eastwards to S China, Philippines.
Polynesia, Hawaii, north to Japan and south to Australia. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. On sunny slopes along roads at edge of forests, at
low to medium altitudes. Thelypteris hirsutipes (Clarke) Ching
Thelypteris conuens (Thunb.) C.V. Morton Region. NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. E Himalaya to SW China and W Malesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. On mountain slopes in evergreen forest, 1,100-
Distribution. Africa, S India, Myanmar, Laos, Sumatra, 1,600 m alt.
New Guinea, and New Zealand.
Habitat. In swamps in rather open places, ca 1,000 m alt. Thelypteris laxa (Franch. & Sav.) Ching
Thelypteris dayi (Bedd.) B.K.Nayar & S.Kaur Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Terrestrial fern. Distribution. Japan, Taiwan.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Nakhon Si Habitat. Not recorded.
Thammarat.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Thelypteris viscosa (Baker) Ching
Borneo and W Java. Habit. Terrestrial fern.
Habitat. On mountain slopes in light shade or in evergreen Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
forest, at medium altitudes. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and
Philippines.
Habitat. On clayey ridge in dense evergreen forest, ca
1,100-1,750 m alt.

GYMNOSPERMS
Cephalotaxaceae forests, to ca 500 m alt.
Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. Cycas simplicipinna (Smitinand) K.D. Hill
Habit. Tree. Habit. Under shrub.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Nan.
Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar, Laos, N Vietnam. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, N Vietnam.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000-1,800 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, near streams, to ca 900 m alt.
Cupressaceae Cycas tansachana K.D. Hill & S.L. Yang

Habit. Shrub.
Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz Region. C: Saraburi.
Habit. Tree. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. Limestone hills, 100-400 m alt.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Indochina.
Habitat. Along stream banks in the lower montane forest, Gnetaceae
800-1,200 m alt. Gnetum cuspidatum Blume
Habit. Woody climber.
Cycadaceae Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Ranong,
Cycas edentata de Laub. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Shrub. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Phangnga, Trang, Narathiwat. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to ca 700 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, S Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Sumatra.
Gnetum gnemon L.
Habit. Small tree.
Habitat. Coastal and beach forests, low altitudes.
Region. P: Narathiwat.
Cycas macrocarpa Griff. Distribution. Malesia, Solomon Islands.
Habit. Small tree. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to ca 1,000 m alt.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi; P:
Krabi, Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Gnetum gnemon L. var. tenerum Markgr.
Habit. Shrub.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt. .
Thammarat, Yala, Narathiwat.
Cycas nongnoochiae K.D. Hill Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habit. Shrub. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 50-200 m alt.
Region. N: Nakhon Sawan. Uses. Leaves edible.
Gnetum latifolium Blume var. funiculare (Blume) Markgr.
Habitat. Open limestone hills, ca 150 m alt.

Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham. Habit. Woody climber.
Habit. Small tree. Region. SE: Chon Buri; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phetchabun, Tak; Distribution. Malesia.
SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 300 m alt.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, S China,
Myanmar, Laos, S Vietnam. Gnetum leptostachyum Blume
Habitat. Dry evergreen and decisuoud dipterocarp forests, Habit. Woody climber.
600-900 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Cycas petrea A. Lindstr. & K.D. Hill Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, on limestone,
Habit. Small tree. to 1,500 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Endemic. Gnetum macrostachyum Hook.f.
Habitat. Limestone hills, ca 300 m alt. Habit. Woody climber.
Region. NE: Nongkhai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin; SE:
Cycas pranburiensis S.L. Yang, K.D. Hill, W. Tang & P. Chon Buri, Trat; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong,
Vatcharakorn Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Shrub. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan. Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, by streams,
Distribution. S Vietnam. 200-900 m alt.
Habitat. Limestone hill, ca 10-100 m alt.
Gnetum microcarpum Blume
Cycas siamensis Miq. Habit. Woody climber.
Habit. Shrub, small tree. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla.
Region. N: Lampang, Tak; SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi; Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 200 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp
Gnetum montanum Markgr.
66 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Nageia motleyi (Parl.) de Laub.
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Si Sa Ket; SE: Trat, Chanthaburi; Habit. Tree.
SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, evergreen and montane forests, to Habitat. Evergreen and peat swamp forests, low altitude.
1,800 m alt.
Nageia wallichiana (C. Presl) Kuntze
Gnetum tenuifolium Ridl. Habit. Tree.
Habit. Woody climber. Region. N: Nan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima,; SE: Trat,
Region. P: Ranong, Yala, pattani, Narathiwat. Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Yala, Narathiwat, Satun.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, under 100 m alt. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, S China, Myanmar,
Indochina, Malesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines.
Pinaceae Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to ca 2,000 m alt.
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gard. Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don
Habit. Tree. Habit. Tree.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Tak, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet, Tak,
Lampang, Prae, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; Nakhonsawan; NE: Loei, Udon Thani; E: Nakhon
E: Mukdahan, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Si Sa Ket, Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Krabi,
Bururam; C: Suphan Buri. Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Distribution. India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangkladesh, S China,
Philippines. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Papua New Guinea,
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp and montane forest, to Pacics Islands.
2,000 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, 600-1,500 m alt.
Uses. Timber and resin.
Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw.
Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese Habit. Tree.
Habit. Tree. Region. SE: Trat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Tak, Distribution. Celebes Islands, Papua New Guinea,
Lampang, Prae, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; Philippines.
E: Mukdahan, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Si Sa Ket, Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000 m alt.
Buriram; C: Suphan Buri.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Sumatra, Podocarpus polystachyus R.Br. ex Endl.
Philippines. Habit. Tree.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp and montane forest, to Region. NE: Loei.
1,800 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular
Uses. Timber and resin. Malaysia.
Habitat. Montane forest, by streams, ca 800 m alt.
Podocarpaceae
Taxodiaceae
Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub. var. patulus de Laub.
Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D.Don
Habit. Tree. Habit. Tree.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Region. Cultivated.
Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Yala. Distribution. China, Japan.
Distribution. S. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Uses. Ornamental.
Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pacics Islands. Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.
Habitat. Montane forest, 700-1,500 m alt. Habit. Tree.
Uses. Timber is used for construction. Region. Cultivated.
Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook. Distribution. China, ?Laos, ?Cambodia, N Vietnam.
Habit. Tree. Uses. Ornamental.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Phetchabun; E: Nakhon
Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Prachin Buri, Trat: P: Yala.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular
Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.

MONOCOTYLEDONS
Acoraceae Distribution. China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka,
Vietnam.
Acorus calamus L. Habitat. Dry riverbeds, sandy soil.
Habit. Herb.
Region. All over the country. Crinum thaianum J. Schulze
Distribution. Asia, Europe, North America. Habit. Aquatic perennial herbs.
Habitat. Swamps, pond sides, standing water, up to 2,800 m Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga.
alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Uses. Medicinal. Habitat. In stream.
Acorus gramineus Aiton Crinum viviparum (Lam.) R. Ansari & V.J. Nair
Habit. Herb. Habit. Perennial herbs.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae, Region. Northern & Northeastern.
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum. Distribution. Nepal, Bhutan, BIndia, angladesh, Sri Lanka,
Distribution. E Himalaya to Japan and Philippines. Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia.
Habitat. Dense forests, moist rocky stream banks, meadows, Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
to 2,600 m alt. Crinum wattii Baker
Habit. Perennial herbs.
Alismataceae Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Distribution. Nepal, Bhutan, BIndia, angladesh, Sri Lanka,
Habit. Aquatic herb. Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
Distribution. Widespread in Europe and Asia.
Habitat. Muddy soil, rivers, lakes and marshes. Aponogetonaceae
Caldesia oligococca (F. Muell.) Buchenau Aponogeton lakhonensis A. Camus
Habit. Herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. N: Lampang; NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Ubon
Distribution. W Africa, SE Asia, Australia. Ratchathani.
Habitat. In pools and ditches, riverbanks. Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Indonesia.
Habitat. Slow owing streams, rice elds and ponds;
Caldesia parnassifolia (Bassi ex L.) Parl. 200-800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Uses. Edible, ornamental.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. Africa, SE Asia, China, Japan, N Australia. Araceae
Habitat. Lowland swamp.
Aglaodorum grifthii Schott
Sagittaria guayanensis Kunth subsp. lappula Habit. Herb.
(D. Don) Bogin Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habit. Aquatic or semi-aquatic, perennial herb. Distribution. Cambodia, S Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; C: Pathum Thani; Sumatra, Borneo.
P: Surat Thani, Songkhla. Habitat. Fresh water intertidal mud at sea level or a little
Distribution. Tropical Africa, tropical and subtropical Asia. above.
Habitat. Lakes, swamps, near streams, to 500 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental. Aglaonema brevispathum (Engl.) Engl.
Habit. Herb.
Sagittaria trifolia L. Region. NE: Nong Khai; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Habit. Aquatic or semi-aquatic, perennial herb. Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Bangkok. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina.
Distribution. Middle East to Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Habitat. Decisuous dipterocarp forest, often along on river
Philippines, Hawaii, Fiji, Australia. banks, 100-450 m alt.
Habitat. Muddy soil or water, lakes, swamps, near streams,
to 1,100 m alt. Aglaonema chermsiriwattanae Sookch.
Uses. Ornamental, edible. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Surat Thani.
Amaryllidaceae Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, low altitude.
Crinum asiaticum L. var. asiaticum
Habit. Perennial herbs. Aglaonema cochinchinense Engl.
Region. Southeastern & Peninsular. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. China, Taiwan. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Saraburi.
Habitat. Seashores, sandy places near river banks. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Cambodia, S Vietnam.
Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, on limestone, to ca 150 m alt.
Crinum latifolium L. Aglaonema costatum N.E. Br.
Habit. Perennial herbs. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Satun. Region. NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
68 1
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi. Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott
Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl. Distribution. NE India, N Myanmar.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Primary and secondary moist evergreen to seasonal
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak. evergreen forests, riverbanks, below 1,000 m alt.
Distribution. China, Laos. Alocasia hypnosa J.T. Yin,Y.H. Wang & Z.F. Yu
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, on Habit. Herb.
shale and limestone. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak;
Uses. Ornamental and is considered to bring good fortune SW: Kanchanaburi.
to the owner. Distribution. Laos, SW China.
Aglaonema nitidum (Jack) Kunth Habitat. Humid and exposed limestone, 800-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Alocasia hypoleuca P.C. Boyce
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Habit. Herb.
Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Narathiwat. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest on granite. ca 500 m alt.
Habitat. Peat swamp to lowland evergreen to montane
forests. Alocasia longiloba Miq.
Habit. Herb.
Aglaonema ovatum Engl. Region. E : Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; C:
Habit. Herb. Nakhon Nayok, Nonthaburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Region. E: Buri Ram; SW: Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Lop Buri, Sara Buri; SE: Chon Distribution. SW China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia,
Buri; P: Phangnga. Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Habitat. Evergreen forest and regrowth understory, also in
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, on granite or limestone on swampy areas, occasionally on rocks, to 500 m alt.
sandy soils.
Aglaonema pumilum Hook.f.
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Phuket. See note below.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Phangnga. Distribution. Indo-Malesia to Oceania.
Distribution. S Myanmar. Habitat. Roadside ditches, margins of wet elds, also
Habitat. Not recorded. cultivated, to 500 m alt.
Aglaonema simplex (Blume) Blume Uses. Stems formerly used as a subsistence crop in times of
Habit. Herb. famine.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang; NE: Loei, Sakon Alocasia navicularis (K. Koch & C.D. Bouch) K. Koch &
Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket; SW:
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Suphan Buri,
C.D. Bouch
Habit. Herb.
Sara Buri, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak.
Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, SW
Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,
China, Laos, Vietnam.
Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Moist evergreen lower montane forests, sometimes
Distribution. India, W. Maluku, SW China to Java.
on limestone, 600-1650 m alt.
Habitat. Peat swamp, beach and evergreen forests,
occasionally on limestone, to 700 m alt. Alocasia odora (Lindl.) K. Koch
Habit. Herb.
Alocasia acuminata Schott
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phuket.
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, SW China, Laos, Cambodia,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae; NE: Nong
Japan (Ruykyu Is.).
Khai, Khon Kaen; SW: Khanchanaburi.
Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, bamboo-thickets,
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, SW
riverbanks, swamps, sometimes on limestone, to 1,700 m alt.
China, Laos, N Vietnam.
Uses. In China the rhizomes are used for the treatment of
Habitat. Moist areas in dry evergreen forest, sometimes on
stomachache and abdominal pain, cholera and hernia;
limestone, 650-1175 m alt.
externally to treat abscesses, snake or insect bites.
Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don Alocasia perakensis Hemsl.
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. No herbarium specimens located, but see note
Region. P: Yala.
below.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Taiwan, China.
Habitat. In montane forests, in leaf litter and on rocks.
Habitat. In association with human disturbance, to 900 m
1,100-1525 m alt.
alt.
Uses. In China all parts are used for treatment of snake Amorphophallus aberrans Hett.
bites, abscesses, rheumatism and arthritis. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Tak; SW: Uthai Thani.

Distribution. Endemic. m alt.
Habitat. Dry savannah, ca 150 m alt. Amorphophallus corrugatus N.E. Br.
Amorphophallus albispathus Hett. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Distribution. Myanmar, SW China.
Khan; SE: Trat. P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Habitat. Evergreen forest on granite, in shade.
Thammarat. Amorphophallus cruddasianus Prain ex Engl.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. In humus pockets in limestone in medium deep Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
shade. Distribution. Myanmar.
Amorphophallus amygdaloides Hett. & Sizemore Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Herb. Amorphophallus curvistylis Hett.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi
Amorphophallus asterostigmatus Bogner & Hett. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, limestone.
Region. C: Lop Buri, Saraburi. Amorphophallus echinatus Bogner & Mayo
Habitat. On slopes with limestone boulders. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Amorphophallus atrorubens Hett. & Sizemore Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Moist area in dry evergreen forest.
Region. NE: Loei, Udon Thani. Amorphophallus elatus Hook.f.
Habitat. Heavy shade at base of limestone outcrops. Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Amorphophallus atroviridis Hett. Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. C: Saraburi, Lop Buri. Habitat. Evergreen fores, sometimes on limestone, under
Distribution. Endemic. 100 m alt.
Habitat. Among limestone boulders. Amorphophallus elegans Ridl.
Amorphophallus bangkokensis Gagnep. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Krabi, Phatthalung.
Region. C: Bangkok; SE: Prachin Buri. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Evergreen forest on limestone, 100-300 m alt.
Habitat. Low-lying waste ground. Amorphophallus excentricus Hett.
Amorphophallus boyceanus Hett. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi.
Region. P: Satun. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Evergreen forest, in scrub.
Habitat. Not recorded Amorphophallus fuscus Hett.
Amorphophallus brevispathus Gagnep. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Northern Thailand.
Region. C: Saraburi. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Limestone cliffs.
Habitat. In erosion holes in limestone boulders, ca 450 m alt. Amorphophallus glaucophyllus Hett. & Serebryanyi.
Amorphophallus carneus Ridl. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. Peninsular. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Limestone rocks. Amorphophallus haematospadix Hook.f.
Amorphophallus cicatricifer Hett. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Satun.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Limestone.
Habitat. Moist evergreen forest, ca 150 m alt. Amorphophallus harmandii Engl. & Gehrm.
Amorphophallus cirrifer Stapf Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Phrae; NE: Udon Thani, Nakhon Phanom,
Region. E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Uthai Thai; C: Saraburi; SE: Mukdahan, Khon Kaen; SE: Sa Kaeo, Trat.
Chon Buri. Distribution. Indochina.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Deciduous forest, under bamboo, 50-200 m alt.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest with bamboorich, 50-400 Amorphophallus josefbogneri Hett.
70 1
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Andaman Is., Myanmar, Sumatra, Java, Flores,
Distribution. Endemic. Timor.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Ruderal and open secondary seasonal forests.
Amorphophallus kachinensis Engl. & Gehrm. Amorphophallus napiger Gagnep.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan. Region. NE: Mukdahan; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri.
Distribution. N Myanmar, China, Laos. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Montane forest, on limestone, 1,000-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Rocky bamboo-deciduous forest, 250-300 m alt.
Amorphophallus koratensis Gagnep. Amorphophallus obscurus Hett. & Sizemore
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi; SE: Sa Kaeo. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Laos, Cambodia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Rocky areas in mixed deciduous and deciduous Amorphophallus operculatus Hett. & Sizemore.
dipterocarp forests. Habit. Herb.
Amorphophallus krausei Engl. Region. P: Chumphon.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; NE: Kalasin; Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson
SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Myanmar, SW China. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Habitat. Shaded to open in montane and deciduous forests, SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok, Saraburi; P: Chumphon,
also in deciduous dipterocarp forest, to ca 1,500 m alt. Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Uses. Utilized as a food resource in Yunnan, used by the Distribution. Madagascar, India, Myanmar, S China,
indigenous. Indochina, Malesia, Indochina, Polynesia, N Australia.
Amorphophallus linearis Gagnep. Habitat. In almost all imaginable secondary conditions,
Habit. Herb. either secondary forest or highly disturbed areas, to 700
Region. N: Tak, Nakhon Sawan; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: m alt.
Chumphon. Uses. Extensively used as a starch crop otherwise used as
Distribution. Endemic. fodder.
Habitat. Bamboo forest, open grassy deciduous dipterocarp Amorphophallus polyanthus Hett. & Sizemore
forest, also on limestone, to ca 300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Uses. Peduncles eaten. Region. NE: Loei
Amorphophallus longituberosus (Engl.) Engl. & Gehrm. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Deep shade, near base of rocky outcrop.
Habit. Herb. Amorphophallus prainii Hook.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Habit. Herb.
Udon Thani, Khon Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; P: Patthalung, Trang,
Khiri Khan; C: Saraburi; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Sa Kaeo, Songkhla, Yala.
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Satun. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Kalimantan.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Scrub, on limestone, to 850 m alt.
Habitat. Shaded or open places in evergreen and deciduous
forests, also on limestone, to 600 m alt. Amorphophallus prolicus Hett. & A. Galloway
Habit. Herb.
Amorphophallus lunatus Hett. & Sizemore Region. Central.
Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Secondary scrub. Amorphophallus putii Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
Amorphophallus macrorhizus Craib Region. C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. N Myanmar.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Habitat. Evergreen forests, in shaded places on rocky
Lampang, Tak; NE: Udon Thani. ground.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp-oak forests, 300-1,500 m alt. Amorphophallus pygmaeus Hett.
Habit. Herb.
Amorphophallus maxwellii Hett. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Saraburi.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Medium-shaded, humus-lled crevices and pockets
Distribution. Endemic. on limestone, 50-500 m alt.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest under limestone bluff,
ca 700 m alt. Amorphophallus reexus Hett. & A. Galloway
Habit. Herb.
Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. Region. N: Khamphaeng Phet.
Habit. Herb.

Distribution. Endemic. Amorphophallus vogelianus Hett. & Billenst.
Habitat. Soil pockets in limestone. Habit. Herb.
Amorphophallus saraburensis Gagnep. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. C: Saraburi. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Endemic. Amorphophallus yunnanensis Engl.
Habitat. Monsoonal savannah, ca 140 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Amorphophallus saururus Hett. Region. N: Mae Hong Song, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak,
Habit. Herb. Phitsanulok.; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. SW China, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Dry evergreen and montane forests, on metamor-
Habitat. Not recorded. phic bedrock, 100-2,000 m alt.
Amorphophallus scutatus Hett. & T.C. Chapman Amydrium medium (Zoll. & Moritzi) Nicolson
Habit. Herb. Habit. Creeping herb.
Region. NE: Phetchabun; C: Saraburi. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Distribution. Endemic. Thammarat, Trang, Narathiwat.
Distribution. S Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Amorphophallus serrulatus Hett. & A. Galloway Java, Borneo, Philippines.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, disturbed areas, to 450 m alt.
Region. N: Tak.
Distribution. Endemic Anadendrum angustifolium Engl.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habit. Herb.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Amorphophallus sizemoreae Hett. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 150 m alt.
Region. N: Nakhon Sawan.
Distribution. Endemic. Anadendrum badium P.C. Boyce
Habitat. Scrub under 100 alt. Habit. Climbing herb.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Songkhla, Phatthalung, Narathiwat.
Amorphophallus sumawongii (Bogner) Bogner & Mayo Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 65100 m alt.
Region. SE: Sa Kaeo.
Distribution. Endemic. Anadendrum griseum P.C. Boyce
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest. ca 120 m alt. Habit. Climbing herb.
Uses. Inorescences are eaten as a vegetable after being Region. P: Songkhla.
boiled in water. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Damp evergreen lowland forest, ca 200 m alt.
Amorphophallus symonianus Hett. & Sizemore
Habit. Herb. Anadendrum marcesovaginatum P.C. Boyce
Region. NE: Loei, Udon Thani. Habit. Climbing herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. In humus-lled limestone pockets, in soil on Distribution. Endemic.
slopes, in medium shade. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 100-200 m alt.
Amorphophallus thaiensis (S.Y. Hu) Hett. Apoballis brevipes (Hook.f.) S.Y. Wong & P.C. Boyce
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Limestone areas. Habitat. Lowland and hill evergreen forest, in damp places
and occasionally along streams, 100-1,000 m alt.
Amorphophallus terrestris Hett. & Claudel
Habit. Herb. Apoballis mutata (Scort. ex Hook.f.) S.Y. Wong & P.C. Boyce
Region. NE: Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; Chiang Rai, Tak; SE:
Habitat. Not recorded. Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Yala.
Amorphophallus tenuispadix Hett. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen and lower montane forests, sometimes
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. on limestone, disturbed
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. and along stream banks, to 1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Rocks, at foot of hill. Ariopsis protanthera N.E. Br.
Amorphophallus tenuistylis Hett. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Tak; NE: Nong Khai.
Region. SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi; SE: Sa Kaeo. Distribution. NE India, N Myanmar.
Distribution. Cambodia. Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, on
Habitat. Open mixed bamboo and deciduous forest, on rocks by stream, to ca 300 m alt.
limestone, ca 200 m alt.
72 1
Arisaema barbatum Buchet Arisaema pattaniense Gagnep.
Region. P: Phangnga. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Trang.
Distribution. SW China, Indonesia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 200-1,400 m alt. Habitat. Shaded, evergreen forest, 200-1,000 m alt.
Arisaema chumponense Gagnep. Arisaema prazeri Hook.f.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat; Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang.
SW: Phetchaburi. Distribution. Myanmar, SW China.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, on
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 750-1,000 m alt. limestone, 550-1850 m alt.
Arisaema consanguineum Schott subsp. consanguineum Arisaema roxburghii Kunth
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. C: Saraburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai; NE: Phuket; E: Si Sa Ket; NE: Petchabun, Nong Khai.
Loei. Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Laos, Habitat. Shady limestone outcrops, often in rock crevices,
Vietnam. 100-800 m alt.
Habitat. Open grassy ground and roadsides, 900-3,000 m Arisaema siamicum Gagnep.
alt. Habit. Herb.
Uses. The corms are rich in starch. Region. P: Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Arisaema mbriatum Mast. subsp. mbriatum Pattani, Phangnga, Songkhla, Trang.
Region. P: Songkhla. Habitat. Shaded, rocky areas in evergreen forest, 300-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Arisaema sizemoreae Hett. & Gusman
Habitat. Evergreen forest, limestone areas, 100-300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Arisaema mbriatum Mast. subsp. bakerianum (Engl.) Region. N: Nakon Sawan.
Gusman Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. P: Krabi, Phangnga. Arisaema sukotaiense Gagnep.
Habitat. Crevices beneath bushes on limestone islands, near Region. E: Chaiyaphum; N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai, Tak;
sea level. NE: Loei.
Arisaema garrettii Gagnep. Distribution. China.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Montane forest, sometimes growing as an epiphyte
Region. N: Chiang Mai; Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Nan, on mossy trunks, 850-2,500 m alt.
Tak; NE: Loei. Arisaema wrayi Hemsl.
Habitat. Shaded, evergreen forest, often by streams in Region. P: Yala.
boggy places, 500-1,550 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Arisaema kerrii Craib Habitat. Shaded on mossy rocks, evergreen forest,
Habit. Herb. 600-1,540 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Arisaema yunnanense Buchet
Habitat. Montane evergreen forest, 1,200-1,700 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Arisaema maxwellii Hett. & Gusman Distribution. S China, Myanmar.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Meadows among shrubs and rocks, often on
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW: Kanchanaburi calcareous boulders, 700-2,000 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Habitat. Shaded places on humus, in primary evergreen Habit. Herb.
forest, along streams, 400-700 m alt. Arisaema omkoiense Region. All over the country.
Gusman Distribution. Natural wild Distribution. and widely
Habit. Herb. cultivated in the tropics and subtropics.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok. Habitat. Roadside ditches, wet elds, weed in cultivated
Distribution. SW China, Vietnam. and otherwise disturbed land.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,300-1,900 m alt. Uses. Vegetable crop.
Arisaema pachystachyum Hett. & Gusman Colocasia fallax Schott
Region. E: Chaiyaphum; NE: Loei, Petchabun. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Nan,
Distribution. Endemic. Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; SW:
Habitat. Shaded places, rock crevices, 350-800 m alt. Kanchanaburi.

Distribution. India, Bangladesh, SW China, N Vietnam. Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Habitat. Lowland to lower montane evergreen, gallery Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Krabi.
forest and along rivers, sometimes on limestone, Distribution. E India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam.
600-1,250 m alt. Habitat. Usually submerged in rivers and streams.
Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook.f. Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. var. crispatula
Habit. Herb. Habit. Aquatic herb.
Region. All over the country. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak,
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Peninsular Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali. Ratchasima; SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Petchaburi;
Habitat. Deciduous and evergreen forests, limestone, to 600 SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi.
m alt. Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Indochina.
Uses. Petioles are eaten. Habitat. Stream and riverbanks and beds.
Colocasia menglaensis J.T. Yin, H. Li & Z.F. Xu Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. var. accidifolia N.
Habit. Herb. Jacobsen
Region. N: Nan. Habit. Aquatic herb.
Distribution. SW China. Region. P: Phangnga, Surat Thani.
Habitat. moist evergreen forest, 600-750 m alt. Distribution. E India, China, Vietnam.
Cryptocoryne afnis Hook.f. Habitat. Rivers and streams usually submerged for most of
Habit. Aquatic herb. the year.
Region. P: Yala. Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. var. tonkinensis (Gagnep.)
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. N. Jacobsen
Habitat. On sandy to stony, somewhat fast-running streams Habit. Aquatic herb.
or rivers, emerged on sandbanks Region. SE: Prachin Buri; C: Nakhon Nayok; E: Ubon
Uses. Ornamental in aquaria. Ratchathani.
Cryptocoryne albida Parker Distribution. Vietnam.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Habitat. Streams and, small and large rivers.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. var. yunnanensis (H. Li) H.
Phangnga, Surat Thani, Krabi. Li & N. Jacobsen
Distribution. S Myanmar. Habit. Aquatic herb.
Habitat. At low elevations on sandy and stony banks of Region. N: Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
stream, emergent when owering. Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Uses. Ornamental in aquaria. Habitat. Stream and riverbanks and beds.
Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Schott Uses. Medicinal.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Cryptocoryne loeiensis Bastm.
Region. SE: Rayong; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Habit. Aquatic herb.
Krabi, Trang, Satun, Narathiwat. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. India, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Distribution. Laos.
Guinea. Habitat. On the river banks, emerged during the dry season
Habitat. Mudats in rivers, ditches, and canals, in tidal
areas, in brackish water. Cryptocoryne mekongensis T. Idei
Uses. Ornamental in aquaria. Habit. Aquatic herb.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Cryptocoryne cordata Griff. var. cordata Distribution. Laos, Cambodia.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Habitat. On river banks, emerged during the dry season
Region. P: Phatthalung, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andr) G.S. Bunting
Habitat. Small or larger streams with running water under
acid conditions in lowland peat swamp forest where it Habit. Climbing herb.
usually occurs submerged. Region. Widespread as a cultivated plant.
Distribution. French Polynesia, now cultivated and
Cryptocoryne cordata var. siamensis (Gagnep.) N. frequently naturalized in many tropical and subtropical
Jacobsen & Sookch. regions.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Habitat. Moist hill forest, ca 500 m alt.
Region. P: Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Trang, Satun. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Small or larger streams with running water in Epipremnum giganteum (Roxb.) Schott
lowland forest, where it usually occurs submerged. It can Habit. Climbing herb.
sometimes grow in sandy-bottomed streams in rubber Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
plantations. SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Krabi, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. var. balansae (Gagnep.) N. Malaysia.
Jacobsen Habitat. Lowland dry evergreen and evergreen forests, often
Habit. Aquatic herb. established in oil palm plantation.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae; E: Chaiyaphum; C:
74 1
Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Homalomena rostrata Griff.
Habit. Climbing herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Trang. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Throughout tropical Asia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen to montane forests, weeds of Habitat. Lowland swamp forest.
rubber plantation, rocks and coastal forest. Homalomena truncata (Schott) Hook.f.
Hapaline benthamiana Schott Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga, Satun,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; E: Distribution. S Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Chaiyaphum; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi. Habitat. Disturbed areas and lowland evergreen forest,
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. sometimes on limestone.
Habitat. Evergreen moist to degraded mixed deciduous or Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites
bamboo forests, on granite or limestone, 50-1,200 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Hapaline brownii Hook.f. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
Habit. Herb. Ratchaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Nakhon Si
Region. SE: Trat; P: Phuket. Thammarat, Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Widespread throughout tropical Asia.
Habitat. Disturbed mixed dipterocarp forest, on river banks Habitat. Open wet areas in deciduous and evergreen forests,
or on limestone, to 150 m alt. along rivers and in ditches.
Hapaline colaniae Gagnep. Uses. Leaves and inorescences are used locally as a
Habit. Herb. vegetable.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum. Piptospatha perakensis (Engl.) Engl.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Hapaline kerrii Gagnep. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Rheophytic on granite boulders in streams, stream
Region. E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi; P: Satun. banks, and by waterfalls.
Distribution. Endemic Pistia stratiotes L.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest, in crevices of limestone Habit. Aquatic herb.
rocks. Region. All over the country.
Homalomena aromatica (Spreng.) Schott Distribution. Pantropic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open still or slow running fresh mesotrophic or
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei. eutrophic water at low altitude.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, SW China. Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr.
Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, occasionally on Habit. Creeping herb.
limestone. 500-950 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Phrae,
Homalomena grifthii (Schott) Hook.f. Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon
Habit. Herb. Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi, Nakhon
Region. SE: Trat; P: Phuket, Yala. Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Distribution. Nepal, NE India, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Habitat. Damp evergreen hill forest. Myanmar, SW China, Taiwan, Indochina.
Habitat. On rocks and trees, disturbed lowland, 250-2,000
Homalomena humilis (Jack) Hook.f. m alt.
Habit. Herb. Uses. Applied topically on insect and animal bites,
Region. P: Ranong, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat. decoction from entire plant used in bath to treat tumours
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. and drinking for anti-cough.
Habitat. On rocks in lowland evergreen forest.
Pothos curtisii Hook.f.
Homalomena lancifolia Hook.f. Habit. Creeping herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Thammarat; Satun, Songkhla, Yala. Habitat. Wet hill and lowland evergreen forest, 50-600 m alt.
Habitat. On rocks in streams in secondary and evergreen Pothos kingii Hook.f.
lowland forests, to ca 150 m alt. Habit. Creeping herb.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Surat Thani,
Homalomena pontederiifolia Griff. ex Hook.f. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Habitat. Shady to open areas in wet evergreen forest,
Yala. 50-450 m alt.
Habitat. Primary perhumid to moist evergreen lowland Pothos leptostachyus Schott
forest. Habit. Creeping herb.

Region. P: Yala. Habit. Creeping herb.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Damp to rather dry evergreen hill forest on Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
limestone, 50-100 m alt. Habitat. Rheophytic on rocky or sandy streambanks,
Pothos macrocephalus Scort. ex Hook.f. sometimes on limestone and in swamp forest, to 900 m alt.
Habit. Creeping herb. Rhaphidophora chevalieri Gagnep.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Creeping herb.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei.
Habitat. On rock along streams in evergreen forest, 50-300 Distribution. Vietnam.
m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests.
Pothos neoroxburghii P.C. Boyce Rhaphidophora crassifolia Hook.f.
Habit. Creeping herb. Habit. Creeping herb.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Region. SE: Prachin Buri; P: Narathiwat.
Khan; SE: Prachin Buri, Chachoengsao, Chon Buri, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Habitat. Evergreen and dry evergreen forests, on sandstone,
Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, low altitude.
Pattani. Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Creeping herb.
Habitat. On trees and rocks in evergreen and secondary Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan; NE: Loei, Nong Khai.
forests, 150-450 m alt. Distribution. Nepal, India, Bangladesh, SW China, Laos,
Pothos scandens L. Vietnam.
Habit. Creeping herb. Habitat. Dry evergreen and montane forests, 350-1,800 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Rhaphidophora falcata Ridl.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Habit. Creeping herb.
Myamnar, SW China, Indochina, Malesia, Philippines. Region. SW: Ratchaburi; P: Phangnga, Yala, Naratiwat.
Habitat. On trees and rocks in deciduous and evergreen Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
forest, to 2,100 m alt. Habitat. Open evergreen forest, on limestone, low altitude.
Uses. In China the plants are used as blood coagulant,
principally for wounds. Rhaphidophora glauca (Wall.) Schott
Habit. Creeping herb.
Pothos wallichii Hook.f. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Creeping herb. Distribution. Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos,
Region. P: Phatthalung. Vietnam.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java. Habitat. Dry evergreen and montane forests, 600-1950 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 100-200 m alt.
Rhaphidophora hookeri Schott
Pycnospatha arietina Gagnep. Habit. Creeping herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang.
Region. C: Lop Buri; SE: Chanthaburi, Sa Kaeo. Distribution. Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos,
Distribution. S Vietnam, Cambodia. Vietnam.
Habitat. Seasonally dry evergreen lowland to hill forest. Habitat. Moist evergreen, mixed deciduous and montane
Pycnospatha palmata Gagnep. forest, on limestone and shale.
Habit. Herb. Rhaphidophora korthalsii Schott
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani. Habit. Creeping herb.
Distribution. Laos. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Dry deciduous lowland forest. Distribution. Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Oceania.
Remusatia pumila (D. Don) H. Li & A. Hay Habitat. Disturbed lowland and montane forest, occasionally
Habit. Herb. in fresh water swamp forest, to 1,700 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; P: Rhaphidophora lobbii Schott
Phangnga. Habit. Creeping herb.
Distribution. Bhutan, India, Nepal, SW China. Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Moist evergreen hill to lower montane forest as an Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo,
epiphyte, or epilithic on granite and occasionally on Philippines, Sulawesi.
limestone. Habitat. Lowland to hill evergreen forests, on wet to
Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott inundated soils, also in peat swamp and fresh water
Habit. Herb. swamp forest, to 200 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Rhaphidophora maingayi Hook.f.
Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; P: Ranong. Habit. Creeping herb.
Distribution. Africa, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Region. P: Trang, Narathiwat.
SW China, Taiwan, Indochina. Distribution. S Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habitat. Dry evergreen, mixed deciduous and montane and Sumatra.
forest, occasionally on limestone. Habitat. Open disturbed forest remnants on steep slopes, on
Rhaphidophora beccarii (Engl.) Engl. sandstone. 150-755 m alt.
76 1
Rhaphidophora megaphylla H. Li Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, limestone cracks, ca 300
Habit. Creeping herb. m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; SW: Schismatoglottis brevicuspis Hook.f.
Kanchanaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. SW China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous, also in Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
montane areas, 650-1,000 m alt. Habitat. In wet gullies and among rocks by streams in
Rhaphidophora minor Hook.f. evergreen forest, 450-900 m alt.
Habit. Creeping herb. Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Philippines, Sulawesi. Distribution. SW China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Fresh water swamp forest, open lowland along Habitat. Damp to everwet evergreen lowland forest.
stream and river margins, under 100 m alt.
Schismatoglottis wallichii Hook.f.
Rhaphidophora montana (Blume) Schott Habit. Herb.
Habit. Creeping herb. Region. P: Ranong.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Habitat. Lowland and montane forests, often in disturbed
Habitat. Evergreen lowland forest. places, to ca 1,500 m alt.
Rhaphidophora peepla (Roxb.) Schott Scindapsus hederaceus Miq.
Habit. Creeping herb. Habit. Climber or creeping herb.
Region. N: ChiangMai, Nan, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; Region. NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Ranong,
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Phangnga, Satun, Narathiwat.
Nayok. Distribution. Indochina, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Distribution. Nepal, India, N Myanmar, SW China. Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, sometimes in
Habitat. Dry evergreen and montane forests, 650-1,900 m peat swamp forest, also on limestone.
alt.
Scindapsus maclurei (Merr.) Merr. & F.P. Metcalf
Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Schott Habit. Climber or creeping herb.
Habit. Creeping herb. Region. E: Buri Ram, Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. China, Laos.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar. Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp and dry evergreen forests,
Habitat. Dry evergreen, mixed deciduous and montane between rocks.
forests, also on limestone.
Scindapsus ofcinalis (Roxb.) Schott
Rhaphidophora sylvestris (Blume) Engl. Habit. Climber or creeping herb.
Habit. Creeping herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Nong Khai,
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Mukdahan; E: Chaiyaphum, Buri Ram; SW: Ratchaburi;
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. C: Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri.
Habitat. Perhumid to wet lowland, hill to sub-montane Distribution. Nepal, India, Indochina.
forest, 100-1,400 m alt. Habitat. Deciduos dipterocarp, dry evergreen and mixed
Rhaphidophora tetrasperma Hook.f. deciduous forests, to 600 m alt.
Habit. Creeping herb. Uses. An Ayurvedic medicinal plant with anti-inammatory
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat and antihistamine properties.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Scindapsus scortechinii Hook.f.
Habitat. Disturbed areas in evergreen forest, 200-800 m alt. Habit. Climber or creeping herb.
Sauromatum hirsutum (S.Y. Hu) Cusimano & Hett. Region. P: Yala.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun. Habitat. Evergreen forest, upper hill on limestone, ca 850 m alt.
Distribution. SW China, Laos, N Vietnam. Steudnera colocasiifolia K. Koch
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 1,000-1,150 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Sauromatum horseldii Miq. Region. Northern areas.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, SW China.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; C: Nakhon Nayok, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest.
Saraburi. SW: Kanchanaburi. Steudnera discolor W. Bull
Distribution. Myanmar, SW China, Peninsular Malaysia, Habit. Herb.
Sumatra, Java Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, mixed deciduous and montane Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
forests, also in grasslands and limestone, 700-3100 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest.
Sauromatum tentaculatum (Hett.) Cusimano & Hett. Steudnera kerrii Gagnep.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. Northern areas.

Distribution. Laos, N Vietnam. moist meadows, often in ditches and along eld margins,
Habitat. Dry evergreen, wet or perhumid hillsides by to 350 m alt.
streams. Typhonium gagnepainii J. Murata & Sookch.
Typhonium acetosella Gagnep. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Mukdahan; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom, Roi Et. Distribution. Cambodia.
Distribution. Indochina. Habitat. Rocky, deciduous forest, ca 200 m alt.
Habitat. Open rocky ground, ca 100 m alt. Typhonium gallowayi Hett. & Sookch.
Typhonium adnatum Hett. & Sookch. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Estaern areas.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Not recorded. Typhonium glaucum Hett. & Sookch.
Typhonium albidinervum C.Z. Tang & H. Li Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SE: Sa Kaeo.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. S China, Laos. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Not recorded. Typhonium griseum Hett. & Sookch.
Typhonium albispathum Bogner Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SE: Chon Buri.
Region. P: Phangnga. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Evergreen forest on limestone, 1,000-1,300 m alt. Typhonium laoticum Gagnep.
Typhonium bognerianum J. Murata & Sookch. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom.
Region. NE: Nakhon Ratchasima, Maha Sarakham. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Not recorded. Typhonium medusae Hett. & Sookch.
Typhonium conchiforme Hett. & A. Galloway Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. C: Lop Buri.
Region. N: Tak. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Not recorded. Typhonium orbifolium Hett. & Sookch.
Typhonium cordifolium S.Y. Hu Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. C: Lop Buri.
Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; SW: Kanchanaburi, Distribution. Endemic.
Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Endemic. Typhonium pedunculatum Hett. & Sookch.
Typhonium digitatum Hett. & Sookch. Region. E: Burirum; SE: Prachin Buri.
Region. E: Buri Ram. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Endemic. Typhonium pusillum Sookch., V.D. Nguyen & Hett.
Typhonium echinulatum Hett. & Sookch. Region. NE: Mukdahan.
Region. C: Lop Buri. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Endemic. Typhonium reexum Hett. & Sookch.
Typhonium liforme Ridl. Region. E: Buri Ram.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Typhonium rhizomatosum A. Galloway & Petra Schmidt
Typhonium agelliforme (Lodd.) Blume Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. NE: Loei. E: Ubon Ratchatani; P: Chumphon. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, SW China, Malesia, Typhonium roxburghii Schott
Philippines, N Australia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Ruderal habitats, in shallow water by streams and Region. P: Phangnga.
78 1
Distribution. Throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. Typhonium watanabei J. Murata, Sookch. & Hett.
Habitat. Ruderal, sometimes on limestone, under 300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Typhonium sagittariifolium Gagnep. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Chumphon.
Region. C: Lop Buri, Saraburi. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest on limestone.
Arecaceae (Palmae)
Typhonium saraburiense Sookch., Hett. & J. Murata Areca catechu L.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Solitary palm.
Region. C: Saraburi. Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Malesia.
Habitat. Not recorded. Uses. Seeds (betel nut) are chewed as a mild narcotic.
Typhonium sinhabaedyai Hett. & A. Galloway Areca laosensis Becc.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Solitary or clustering palm tree.
Region. Region. N: Tak. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; C:
Distribution. Endemic. Nakhon Nayok.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Typhonium smitinandii Sookch. & J. Murata Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Herb. Areca montana Ridl.
Region. P: Krabi. Habit. Solitary palm.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. P: Pattani.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java.
Typhonium subglobosum Hett. & Sookch. Habitat. Evegreen forest, hillsides, to 800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.
Region. SE: Sa Kaeo. Habit. Clustered palm.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Lampang, Phrae, Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Not recorded. Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Typhonium supraneeae A. Galloway, Petra Schmidt & Sinhab. Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket,
Habit. Herb. Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Region. C: Lop Buri. Distribution. Widely distributed across S Asia from India
Distribution. Endemic. and Bangladesh reaching the Greater Sunda Islands
Habitat. Not recorded. (Borneo and Sumatra).
Habitat. Dry evergreen, evergreen and peat swamp forests,
Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott to ca 800 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. C: Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, Thon Buri. SE: Areca tunku J. Dransf. & C.K. Lim
Chanthaburi, Chon Buri. SW: Kanchanaburi. P: Nakhon Habit. Solitary palm.
Si Thammarat, Trang. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Peninsular Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Malaysia. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Ruderal, low altitude. Arenga caudata (Lour.) H.E. Moore
Typhonium tubispathum Hett. & A. Galloway Habit. Densely clustered shrub.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon
Region. N: Tak. Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: throughout
Distribution. Endemic. the areas.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Hainan to Indochina and N Peninsular
Malaysia.
Typhonium varians Hett. & Sookch. Habitat. Locally common in moist or wet forest throughout
Habit. Herb. Thailand, from 0-700 m alt.
Region. N: Tak. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Not recorded. Arenga hookeriana (Becc.) Whitmore
Habit. Densely clustered shrub.
Typhonium violiifolium Gagnep. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habit. Herb. Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Songkhla, Pattani,
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi., Phetchaburi. Narathiwat.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest on limestone, 50-350 m alt. Habitat. Infrequent in wet forest, 100-600 m alt.
Typhonium viridispathum A. Galloway & Sinhab. Uses. Ornamental.
Habit. Herb. Arenga obtusifolia Mart.
Region. C: Lop Buri. Habit. Loosely clustered tree.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java.

Habitat. Uncommon in moist or wet forest, 500-800 m alt. Calamus balingensis Furtado
Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr Habit. Solitary or clustering rattan.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Region. P: Phatthalung, Trang, Yala.
Region. N: Tak; SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habitat.Not recorded.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Calamus blumei Becc.
Philippines. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habitat. Cultivated or semi-domesticated and is locally Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
abundant near human dwellings in the lowlands. Trang.
Uses. Edible young endospems, leaves for thatch. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Arenga westerhoutii Griff. Habitat. Lowland and hill dipterocarp forest.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Uses. A good quality cane.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae, Phitsanulok; SW: Calamus bousigonii Becc. subsp. bousigonii
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Phatthalung, Trang, Habit. Clustering rattan.
Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala. Region. SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Distribution. Bhutan, S China, Peninsular Malaysia. Trang, Satun.
Habitat. Evergreen and semideciduous forest, to 800 m alt. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Uses. Seed edible, leaves used for thatch and the leaf rachis Habitat. Evergreen forest.
for making brooms.
Calamus bousigonii Becc. subsp. smitinandii J. Dransf.
Borassodendron machadonis (Ridl.) Becc.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga, Trang, Satun, Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Phatthalung, Trang, Satun.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. In wet evergreen forest often associated with Habitat. Humid evergreen forest, sometimes on limestone.
limestone outcrops.
Calamus burkillianus Becc. ex Ridl.
Borassus abellifer L. Habit. Clustering rattan forming thickets.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Region. P: Narathiwat
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; Chiang Mai; Tak; Nakhon Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Sawan; C: Nonthaburi, Bangkok; P: Phatthalung, Habitat. In coastal forest just behind the beach.
Songkhla.
Distribution. Widely cultivated from India through southern Calamus caesius Blume
Asia to the Sunda Islands. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habitat. Open areas, paddy eld, low altitude. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Uses. Handicrafts, palm wine, sugar and construction Distribution. Malay Pininsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines
material. (Palawan).
Habitat. Lowland forest, particularly on nutrient rich
Calamus acanthophyllus Becc. alluvial soils.
Habit. Dwarf acaulescent rattan. Uses. Rattan used for matting furniture.
Region. NE: Udon Thani, Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E:
Surin, Si Sa ket, Ubon Ratchathani. Calamus castaneus Griff.
Distribution. Laos. Habit. Clustering acaulescent non-climbing palm.
Habitat. Occurring in open scrub and grasslands. Region. P: Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani,
Uses. Handicrafts, edible shoot and root can be used to treat Yala, Narathiwat.
malaria. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Generally restricted to valley bottoms and lower
Calamus acanthospathus Griff. hill slopes in evergreen forest.
Habit. Solitary or sparsely clustering rattan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan. Calamus concinnus Mart.
Distribution. C Himalaya, S China, Indochina. Habit. Very short clustering rattan.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,500-1,700 m alt. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Surat Thani,
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Calamus arborescens Griff. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Clustering erect rattan. Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest, sometimes on limestone,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Tak; SW: occasionally just behind the beach, rarely above 100 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Myanmar. Calamus densiorus Becc.
Habitat. Lowland forest, often at the edge of swamps. Habit. Clustering high climbing rattan.
Region. P: Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Calamus axillaris Becc. Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Clustering moderate high-climbing rattan. Habitat. Evergreen forest on hill slopes, to 600 m alt.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Calamus diepenhorstii Miq.
Habitat. Lowland forest, usually in swamps and on river Habit. Clustering rattan.
banks. Region. P: Surat Thani, Trang, Phatthalung, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo,
80 1
Sumatra (type), Philippines. Calamus insignis Griff. var. robustus (Becc.) J. Dransf.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, on hill slopes and ridge tops, to Habit. Clustering high-climbing rattan.
800 m alt. Region. P: Phatthalung, Trang, Narathiwat.
Calamus erectus Roxb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Clustering massive erect non-climbing rattan. Habitat. Slopes and ridge tops in evergreen forest, to 800 m alt.
Region. N: Nan, Phrae, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Trang. Calamus javensis Blume
Distribution. India, Eastern Himalayas, Bangladesh, China, Habit. Clustering rattan.
Myanmar, Laos. Region. N: Tak; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 600-1,600 m alt. Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala,
Uses. Edible shoot. Narathiwat.
Calamus erinaceus (Becc.) J. Dransf. Distribution. Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia,
Habit. Clustering rattan. Philippines.
Region. P: Trang. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 800 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Calamus laevigatus Mart.
Philippines. Habit. Solitary (rarely clustered) rattan.
Habitat. Distinctive features of forest on the landward Region. P: Yala.
fringe of mangrove and near the sea. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Calamus exilis Griff. Habitat. On hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 700 m alt.
Habit. Solitary or clustering rattan. Uses. Rattan used for matting furniture.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Calamus longisetus Griff.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habitat. Hill slopes and ridge tops in hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Phetchaburi; P:
to 800 m alt. Chumphon, Surat Thani, Krabi, Trang, Satun, Songkhla.
Calamus agellum Griff. ex Mart. Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; C: Nakhon Calamus luridus Becc.
Nayok. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina. Region. P: Chumphon, Phuket, Narathiwat.
Habitat. On hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Uses. Edible shoot. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 700 m alt.
Calamus godefroyi Becc. Calamus manan Miq.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habit. Solitary, massive high-climbing rattan.
Region. NE: Nong Khai. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Laos, Cambodia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 800 m alt.
Calamus griseus J. Dransf. Calamus nambariensis Becc.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. P: Ranong. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Distribution. Assam, S China, Indochina.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Evergreen forest in upland areas.
Calamus guruba Buch.-Ham. Uses. Produces a good quality medium-sized cane.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Calamus oligostachys T.Evans, Sengdala, Viengkham,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Thamm. & J.Dransf.
Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Yala. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, S China, Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 250 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest and scrub on seasonally
Uses. Edible shoot. ooded ground, 200 m alt.
Calamus henryanus Becc. Calamus ornatus Blume
Habit. Climbing palm, clustered. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Tak; NE: Loei. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java
Habitat. Evergreen forest at low altitude, sometimes on (type), Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi.
limestone. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt.
Uses. Edible shoot.
Calamus oxleyanus Teijsm. & Binn. ex Miq.
Calamus insignis Griff. var. longispinosus J. Dransf. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habit. Solitary high-climbing slender to moderate-sized Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phatthalung,
rattan. Trang, Songkhla.
Region. P: Phatthalung, Pattani. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Borneo.
Habitat. Slopes and ridge tops in evergreen forest, to 800 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt.

Calamus palustris Griff. Region. P: Trang.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Habitat. Evergreen forest, often associated with limestone.
Tak; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Calamus siamensis Becc.
Ratchasima, Buri Ram; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Habit. Clustering rattan.
Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Krabi, Trang, Songkhla, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai, Nakhon Sawan; NE:
Yala, Narathiwat. Phetchabun; C: Ang Thong, Nonthaburi, Bangkok; P:
Distribution. S China to Nicobar Is., Myanmar, Peninsular Ranong, Surat Thani, Narathiwat.
Malaysia. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. In lowland evergreen forest. Habitat. Forest margins, open forest, generally on alluvial
Uses. Handicrafts and edible shoot. soils.
Calamus pandanosmus Furtado Uses. Widely cultivated for edible shoot.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Calamus solitarius T. Evans, Sengdala, Viengkham,
Region. P: Chumphon.
Thamm. & J. Dransf.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Habit. Solitary rattan.
Region. N: Nong Khai.
Calamus peregrinus Furtado Distribution. Laos.
Habit. Solitary rattan. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Region. SW: Ratchaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,
Calamus speciosissimus Furtado
Habit. Clustering rattan.
Satun, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt.
Habitat. Lowland and hill dipterocarp forest, usually in
Calamus platyspathus Mart. ex Kunth valley bottoms, to 400 m alt.
Calamus spectatissimus Furtado
Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to ca 400 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Calamus poilanei Conrard Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt.
Calamus temii T. Evans
Region. N: Phrae; NE Phetchabun.
Habit. Erect rattan.
Distribution. Vietnam, Laos.
Region. NE: Loei.
Uses. Handicrafts and edible shoot.
Habitat. Evergreen forests, 1,300-1,500 m alt.
Calamus radulosus Becc Calamus tenuis Roxb.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Yala.
Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Distribution. Bangladesh, Indochina to Java.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest.
Habitat. In open forest and village margins.
Calamus rudentum Lour. Uses. Edible shoot.
Calamus tetradactylus Hance
Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat
Region. E: Si Sa Ket; SE: Trat.
Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Distribution. S China, Indochina.
Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forests, to 500 m alt.
Uses. Handicrafts.
Uses. Handicrafts, edible shoot and fruits.
Calamus scipionum Lour. Calamus viminalis Willd.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Nong Khai;
Region. P: Trang, Satun, Narathiwat.
E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin, Ubon
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra,
Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C:
Philippines.
Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri,
Habitat. Evergreen forest, low altitude.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Calamus sedens J. Dransf. Distribution. NE India, S China to Lesser Sunda Is.
Habit. Short acaulescent or erect solitary non-climbing Habitat. Forest edges, dry evergreen and evergreen forest,
palm. to ca 600 m alt.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Uses. Edible shoot and fruits.
Calamus viridispinus Becc.
Calamus setulosus J. Dransf. Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
82 1
Habitat. Montane forest on ridge tops, above 800 m alt. Cyrtostachys renda Blume
Calamus wailong S. J. Pei & S.Y. Chen Habit. Caespitose palm.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang,
Region. N: Nan; NE: Phetchabun. Pattani, Narathiwat.
Distribution. China, Laos. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Singapore,
Habitat. Upland evergreen forest, 600-950 m alt. Borneo.
Uses. Edible shoot. Habitat. In fresh water peat swamp forest near sea level.
Uses. Ornamental.
Caryota kiriwongensis Hodel
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Daemonorops angustifolia (Griff.) Mart.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habitat. Humid montane evergreen forest, 1,100-1,200 m alt. Phatthalung, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Uses. A spectacular ornamental. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. River banks, swamps and forest margins in the
Caryota maxima Blume lowlands.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Uses. Produces a rather coarse cane; shoots edible.
Region. N: Nan; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Daemonorops didymophylla Becc.
Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, disturbed areas, Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si
200-1,800 m alt. Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Uses. Ornamental, timber used for house construction, the Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
cabbage is edible and the leaf sheath bres used as Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt.
tinder. Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume
Caryota mitis Lour. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Habit. Clustering tree palm. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi, Bangkok; SE: Chon Habitat. Valley bottoms in lowland forest, to 400 m alt.
Buri; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Daemonorops geniculata (Griff.) Mart.
Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Solitary rather short rattan.
Distribution. SE China, Indochina, Malesia. Region. P: Ranong, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Very widespread in a variety of habitats, to 800 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. Lower slopes and valley bottoms in evergreen
Caryota obtusa Griff. forest, to 500 m alt.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Daemonorops grandis (Griff.) Mart.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phayao, Nan, Uttaradit. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Distribution. N India, southern China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. On steep slopes in humid evergreen forest, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
1,200-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 900 m alt.
Ceratolobus subangulatus (Miq.) Becc. Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Griff.) Mart.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habitat. Hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 700 m alt. Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Ratchaburi; C:
Corypha lecomtei Becc. ex Lecomte Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi,
Habit. Solitary tree palm. Trat.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Khon Kaen; SE: Prachin Buri. Distribution. E Himalaya, S China.
Distribution. Indochina. Habitat. Lowland rain forest below 900 m, locally common
Habitat. In seasonally dry vegetation, along river banks, in gaps and secondary forest.
monsoon forest and open areas, to 600 m alt. Uses. Edible shoot and leaves used as thatch.
Uses. Ornamental. Daemonorops kunstleri Becc.
Corypha utan Lam. Habit. Clustering, acaulescent to short-climbing rattan.
Habit. Solitary tree palm. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon
Region. P: Satun. Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. NE India to N Australia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Open areas in the lowlands, to 300 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, generally on steep slopes.
Corypha umbraculifera L. Daemonorops leptopus (Griff.) Mart.
Habit. Solitary palm. Habit. Clustering rattan.
Region. Cultivated. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. NE India to N Australia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Uses. Seeds are edible. Habitat. Hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 700 m alt.
Daemonorops lewisiana (Griff.) Mart.

Habit. Clustering rattan. Habitat. In moist to wet evergreen forest, 600-1,000 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Trang. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Iguanura divergens Hodel
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest. Habit. Caespitose, shrubby, understorey palm.
Daemonorops macrophylla Becc. Region. P: Yala.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habitat. Evergreen forest, hillsides, 600-800 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Valley bottoms in evergreen forest, to 700 m alt. Iguanura polymorpha Becc.
Daemonorops melanochaetes Blume Habit. Caespitose, shrubby, understorey palm.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla,
Region. P: Narathiwat. Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Restricted to lowland forest. Habitat. In moist to wet evergreen forest, 200-1,000 m alt.
Uses. Cane used for broom handles and simple furniture Uses. Ornamental.
Daemonorops monticola (Griff.) Mart. Iguanura speciosa Hodel
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habit. Caespitose, rarely solitary, shrubby, understorey
Region. SE: Chachoengsao; P: Trang. palm.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habitat. Hill slopes in evergreen forest, to 500 m alt. Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala,
Daemonorops sabut Becc. Narathiwat.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Habitat. In moist to wet evergreen forest, 400-600 m alt.
Si Thammarat, Trang, Narathiwat. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Iguanura tenuis Hodel var. tenuis
Habitat. restricted to moist soils in valley bottoms and lower Habit. Caespitose, shrubby, understorey palm.
hill slopes, up to ca 500 m alt. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga.
Daemonorops sepal Becc. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habitat. In moist to wet evergreen forest, 300-600 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Iguanura tenuis Hodel var. khaosokensis C.K. Lim
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Solitary palm.
Habitat. Steep hill slopes in lowland and hill evergreen Region. P: Surat Thani.
forest. Distribution. Endemic.
Daemonorops verticillaris (Griff.) Mart. Habitat. In moist to wet evergreen forest, 100-600 m alt.
Habit. Solitary rattan. Iguanura thalangensis C.K. Lim
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Trang, Habit. Solitary palm.
Pattani, Narathiwat. Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Widespread in lowland and hill Dipterocarp forest Habitat. In moist to wet evergreen forest, above 200 m alt.
in valley bottoms and hillslopes, to 800 m alt. Iguanura wallichiana (Mart.) Becc.
Uses. Cane occasionally used, but rarely long enough to be Habit. Caespitose, shrubby, understorey palm.
of much signicance. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Eleiodoxa conferta (Griff.) Burret Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala,
Habit. Clustering understorey palm. Narathiwat.
Region. P: Ranong, Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat. Distribution. Malaysia.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Habitat. Evergreen forest, hillsides, to ca 800 m al.
Borneo. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. in fresh water peat swamp forest. Johannesteijsmannia altifrons (Rchb. l. & Zoll.) H.E.
Uses. Edible fermented fruits.
Moore
Eugeissona tristis Griff. Habit. Solitary acaulescent palm.
Habit. Acaulescent palm. Region. P: Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, W Borneo, Sumatra.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. on hill slopes and ridge tops in hill dipterocarp
Habitat. Hill slopes, ridge tops in hill dipterocarp forest, to forest, to 800 m alt.
1000 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Uses. Edible young endosperm; leaves used for short-lived
thatch.
Kerriodoxa elegans J. Dransf.
Habit. Solitary tree palm.
Iguanura bicornis Becc. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phuket.
Habit. Caespitose, shrubby, understorey palm. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. P: Satun, Yala, Narathiwat. Habitat. Humid forest on hill slopes, to 300 m alt.
84 1
Korthalsia agellaris Miq. Region. P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habit. Clustering and branching rattan. Distribution. Malaysia.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habitat. lowland forest to limestone hills.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Licuala paludosa Griff.
Habitat. Restricted to peat swamp forest. Habit. Caespitose palm.
Korthalsia laciniosa (Griff.) Mart. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habit. Clustering high-climbing rattan. Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Phatthalung, Borneo.
Narathiwat. Habitat. Peat swamp forests.
Distribution. Myanmar, Andaman and Nicobar Is., Uses. Ornamental.
Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Licuala peltata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. var. peltata
Java, Philippines. Habit. Solitary palm.
Habitat. Lowland and hill evergreen forest. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
Korthalsia rigida Blume Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang,
Habit. Clustering rattan. Satun.
Region. P: Ranong, Trang, Narathiwat. Distribution. India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Philippines. Habitat. Evergreen forest, limestone, 100-500 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 700 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Korthalsia rostrata Blume Licuala peltata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. var. sumawongii Saw
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habit. Solitary palm.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Region. P: Trang, also cultivated.
Habitat. Widespread in lowland and hill dipterocarp forest. Distribution. Endemic.
Korthalsia scortechinii Becc. Habitat. Lowland and submontane evergreen forest.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Uses. Ornamental
Region. P: Narathiwat. Licuala pitta Vatch. ex Barfod & Pongsatt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Caespitose palm.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 700 m alt. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Licuala distans Ridl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Solitary palm. Habitat. In hill dipterocarp forest and lowland evergreen
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Trang. forest, up to 450 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Licuala poonsakii Hodel
Habitat. Restricted in its distribution to a few hilltops. It is Habit. Solitary or caespitose palm.
locally common on slopes. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi,
Uses. Ornamental. Trat.
Licuala glabra Griff. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Solitary palm. Habitat. Deciduous forest, 200-800 m alt.
Region. P: Satun, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Licuala pusilla Becc.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Solitary acaulescent palm.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to ca 600 m alt. Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat.
Uses. Ornamental Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Licuala kunstleri Becc. Habitat. Lowland forest and lower slopes of the hill forest.
Habit. Solitary palm. Licuala scortechinii Becc.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Trang, Satun, Yala, Habit. Solitary palm.
Narathiwat. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. In lowland and hill forest. Habitat. Lowlands to montane forest.
Licuala malajana Becc. Licuala spinosa Thunb.
Habit. Solitary palm. Habit. Caespitose palm.
Region. P: Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Malaysia. Distribution. Widely distributed from Vietnam, Andaman
Habitat. Scattered in lowland and hill forest. and Nicobar Islands to Java, Borneo, Philippines.
Licuala merguensis Becc. Habitat. Disturbed areas, forest margins, low altitude.
Habit. Solitary palm tree. Uses. Ornamental.
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket. Licuala triphylla Griff.
Distribution. S Myanmar. Habit. Solitary, acaulescent palm.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani,
Licuala modesta Becc. Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Solitary to caespitose palm. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, open areas, low altitude.

Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. Distributed in dense humid forest, to 800 m alt.
Livistona jenkinsiana Griff. Uses. Ornamental.
Habit. Palm tree. Nenga pumila (Blume) H. Wendl. var. pachystachya
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, (Blume) Fernando
Uttaradit; N: Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Habit. Clustering palm.
Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Pattani. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
Distribution. India to Peninsular Malaysia. Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Satun, Songkhla,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest. Narathiwat.
Uses. The leaves are used for thatch and handicrafts. The Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
eshy mesocarp of the boiled fruit is eaten. Habitat. Lowland dipterocarp forest, more rarely in peat
Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. ex A. Chev. swamp forest.
Habit. Solitary palm. Uses. Ornamental.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Sakon Nakhon; SE: Prachin Nypa fruticans Wurmb
Buri; Rayong; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Habit. Creeping palm.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla. Region. C: Bangkok, Samut Sakhon; SE: Trat; P:
Distribution. SE China to Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Satun.
Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Philippines. Distribution. Sri Lanka across SE Asia, Tropical Australia,
Habitat. In periodically inundated grasslands, coastal Solomon Islands.
swamp forest. Habitat. Mangrove forest.
Uses. Ornamental. Uses. Multiple purposes: thatch, edible endosperm, sugar
Livistona speciosa Kurz tapping. This species has a large potential in production
Habit. Palm tree. of bioethanol.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Oncosperma horridum (Griff.) Scheff.
Lamphun; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Habit. Clustering palm.
Khan; P: Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala. Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Distribution. China, Bhutan, Myanmar, Peninsular Phatthalung, Satun, Pattani, Yala.
Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra,
Habitat. Locally very common in hill evergreen forest. Philippines, Sulawesi.
Uses. Leaves for thatch and handicrafts. Habitat. Lowland rain forest, below 900 m alt.
Maxburretia furtadoana J. Dransf. Uses. Trunk for house construction.
Habit. Clustering palm. Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) Ridl.
Region. P: Surat Thani. Habit. Clustering palm.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. Trang, Satun, Pattani, Yala.
Habitat. Restricted to exposed summits and sides of large Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
karst limestone outcrops, to 800 m alt. Borneo, Sumatra, Java.
Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. In swampy habitats in the lowlands, usually at the
Maxburretia gracilis (Burret) J. Dransf. landward fringe of mangrove.
Habit. Clustering palm. Uses. Trunk for house construction.
Region. P: Satun. Orania sylvicola (Griff.) H.E. Moore
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Solitary palm.
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. Krabi, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun.
Myrialepis paradoxa (Kurz) J. Dransf. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Climbing palme, clustered. Habitat. Slopes in lowland evergreen forest.
Region. N: Lampang, Phrae, Tak; P: Phatthalung, Trang, Uses. Ornamental.
Songkhla, Narathiwat. Phoenix loureiroi Kunth
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Habit. Solitary palm.
Singapore, Sumatra. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Uttaradit,
Habitat. Disturbed areas and major light gaps in evergreen Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Ubon
forest, to 1,600 m alt. Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE:
Uses. Edible shoot. Prachin Buri; P: Trang.
Metroxylon sagu Rottb. Distribution. S China, Hainan, Taiwan, Indochina,
Habit. Clustered palm. Myanmar, Philippines.
Region. P: Phatthalung, Trang. Habitat. Open areas, savannah, deciduous dipterocarp,
Distribution. Naturally distributed from Maluku to New beach forests.
Guinea, widely cultivated in SE Asia. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Lowland swampy areas, low altitude. Phoenix paludosa Roxb.
Uses. Stem is used for making starch. Habit. Clustering palm.
Nenga macrocarpa Scort. ex Becc. Region. SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Trang,
Habit. Solitary palm. Satun, Songkhla.
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Yala, Narathiwat. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Andaman and Nicobar Is.,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Restricted to the landward fringe of mangrove.
86 1
Uses. Leaet bere for rope and thatch. Uses. Ornamental.
Phoenix roebelenii OBrien Pinanga perakensis Becc.
Habit. Clustering palm. Habit. Clustered palm.
Region. NE: Nong Khai. Region. P: Yala.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Rheophyte along the rocky banks of the Mekong Habitat. Evergreen forest, 750-1,250 m alt.
River and its tributaries. Pinanga polymorpha Becc.
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Clustered palm.
Pholidocarpus macrocarpus Becc. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habit. Palm tree. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. P: Trang, Satun, Songkhla. Habitat. Evergreen forest, low altitude.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Pinanga riparia Ridl.
Habitat. Fresh water swamps, low altitude Habit. Clustered palm.
Uses. Ornamental. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Pinanga adangensis Ridl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra.
Habit. Clustered palm. Habitat. Lowland rainforest, usually along river banks or
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phuket, Phatthalung, other wet places, to 300 m alt.
Satun, Songkhla. Pinanga scortechinii Becc.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Clustered palm.
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, especially on islands, often Region. P: Phuket, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
near streams and rivers, to 200 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 800 m alt.
Pinanga auriculata Becc. var. leucocarpa C.K. Lim Pinanga simplicifrons (Miq.) Becc. var. simplicifrons

Habit. Solitary palm. Habit. Clustered palm.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo,
Habitat. Lowland rainforest near the coast. Sumatra.
Pinanga auriculata Becc. var. merguensis (Becc.) C.K. Lim Habitat. Evergreen forest, hillsides, to 600 m alt.
Habit. Solitary palm.
Region. P: Phuket, Ranong, Surat Thani, Trang.
Pinanga subintegra Ridl. var. intermedia C.K.Lim
Habit. Clustered palm.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, at low altitude.
Pinanga badia Hodel Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest.
Region. P: Satun.
Pinanga sylvestris (Lour.) Hodel
Region. Chiang Mai, Nan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat.
Habitat. Lowland rain forest, to 500 m alt.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Indochina.
Pinanga disticha (Roxb.) H. Wendl. Habitat. Lowland evergreen and montane forests, to 1,750 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun,
Pinanga watanaiana C.K. Lim
Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
Region. P: Phuket.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra.
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, 50-800 m alt.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest, to 150 m alt.
Uses. Ornamental.
Pinanga fractiexa Hodel Plectocomia elongata Mart. & Blume
Habit. Solitary rattan.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Phatthalung, Trang.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, to 600 m alt.
Borneo, Philippines (Palawan).
Pinanga malaiana (Mart.) Scheff. Habitat. Widespread in secondary habitats, to 1,500 m alt.
Habit. Clustered palm. Uses. The cane is of poor quality. Inorescence branches
Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. are occasionally used as ornaments.
Habitat. Lowland rainforest, to 800 m alt.
Plectocomia himalayana Griff.
Pinanga paradoxa (Griff.) Scheff. var. paradoxa Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Clustered palm. Distribution. E Himalaya, China, Laos.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Habitat. Montane forest, at 1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Lowland to montane rainforest, 800-1,300 m alt.
Plectocomia pierreana Becc.

Region. Chiang Mai, Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Habitat. In swampy areas.
Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong. Uses. Edible fruits.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Indochina. Trachycarpus oreophilus Gibbons & Spanner
Habitat. Evergreen forest, often in light gaps, river banks Habit. Solitary Palm.
and roadsides, to 1,200 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan.
Uses. Produces a coarse cane of little value; inorescence Distribution. Endemic.
branches can be used as ornaments. Habitat. Explored limeston hills, 1,700-2,200 m alt.
Plectocomiopsis geminiora (Griff.) Becc. Uses. Ornamental.
Habit. Clustering rattan. Wallichia caryotoides Roxb.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Krabi, Habit. Caespitose shrub.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Phayao, Nan, Tak, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; P:
Borneo, Sumatra. Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket, Trang.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, usually in light gaps. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar.
Uses. The red cane seems only to be used for coarse Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, at 500-1,200 m alt.
basket-ware and cordage. Uses. Ornamental.
Plectocomiopsis wrayi Becc. Wallichia disticha T. Anderson
Habit. Clustering rattan. Habit. Solitary palm tree.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Region. SWL: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, S China,
Habitat. Lowland fresh water swamp forest. Myanmar.
Rhapis laosensis Becc. Habitat. Associated with limestone, mixed deciduous with
Habit. Clustered palm. much bamboos, 500-800 m alt.
Region. NE: Roi Et, Mukdahan. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Wallichia marianneae Hodel
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habit. Caespitose shrub.
Uses. Ornamental. Region. P: Trang.
Rhapis subtilis Becc. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Clustered palm. Habitat. Along streams in valley bottoms in lowland forest,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: at 300-600 m alt.
Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Uses. Ornamental.
Trang, Songkhla.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Asparagaceae
Habitat. Evergreen forest, near streams, associated with Asparagus licinus Buch.Ham.
limestone outcrops. Habit. Herbs.
Uses. Ornamental. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun.
Salacca glabrescens Griff. Distribution. China, Bhutan, India, Myanmar.
Habit. Clustered palm. Habitat. Forests, thickets, shady and moist place along
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. valleys; 1,200-3,000 m.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Asparagus racemosus Willd.
Habitat. Moderately common in wet forest, 200-700 m alt. Habit. Subshrub.
Uses. Edible fruits. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum.
Salacca grifthii A.J. Hend. Distribution. Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Habit. Acaulescent caespitose palm. Pakistan, Sikkim; Africa, Australia
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Habitat. On rocky soil, low to medium altitudes.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar. Aspidistra longifolia Hook.f.
Habitat. Coastal, lowland, fresh water, peat swamp forest. Habit.Perennial herb.
Uses. Edible heart or cabbage. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi; SE:
Salacca stolonifera Hodel Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Pattani.
Habit. Clustered palm. Distribution. India, China, northern peninsular Malaysia.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habitat. Scattered in dry evergreen and lower montane
Distribution. Endemic. forests, 500-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Scarce in swamp and wet forest in the extreme Aspidistra subrotata Y. Wan & C.C. Huang subrotata
south, from near sea level to 600 m alt.
Salacca wallichiana Mart. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Clustered palm. Region. NE: Loei
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Distribution. China (W & S Guangxi); N Vietnam.
Phangnga, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Habitat. In open dry evergreen forest with bamboos and
Narathiwat. lower montane scrub, 700-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Aspidistra subrotata Y. Wan & C.C. Huang var. angustifolia
Sumatra.
Phonsena
88 1
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. NE: Loei Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest.
Distribution. Endemic. Disporopsis longifolia Craib
Habitat. In open dry evergreen forest with bamboos and Habit. Herb.
lower montane scrub, 700-1,500 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao; NE: Loei; E:
Aspidistra subrotata Y. Wan & C.C. Huang var. crassinervis Chaiyaphum; SW: Phetchaburi.
(Tillich) Phonsena Distribution. Himalaya, S China, Myanmar, N Vietnam.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In lower montane and dry evergreen forests.
Region. NE: Loei Ophiopogon brevipes Craib
Distribution. Vietnam Habit. Herb.
Habitat. In open dry evergreen forest with bamboos and Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi.
lower montane scrub, 700-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Aspidistra sutepensis K. Larsen Habitat. In mixed deciduous and bamboo forests.
Habit. Perennial herb. Ophiopogon clarkei Hook.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. Northern.
Habitat. Lower montane oak and lower montane pine-oak Distribution. India, Sikkim, Himalaya.
forests, 1,400-1,700 m alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Uses. It is believed by hill tribes in Chiang Mai that a tonic
of this plant relieves back and waist pains. Ophiopogon confertifolius N. Tanaka
Habit. Herb.
Campylandra siamensis Yamashita & M.N. Tamura Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 500-600 m alt.
Habitat. Lower montane forest, ca 1,100 m alt. Ophiopogon intermedius D. Don
Habit. Herb.
Chlorophytum dolichocarpum M.N. Tamura Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. China, Bangladesh, Himalaya, India, Nepal,
Region. NE: Loei. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. In open pine and lower montane forests.
Habitat. On hard poor soil, dry deciduous forest.
Ophiopogon kradungensis M.N. Tamura
Chlorophytum intermedium Craib Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Evergreen forest, humus or sandy soil.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
Ophiopogon malcolmsonii Royle ex Hook.f.
Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indochina.
Distribution. China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Habitat. On sandy soil or limestone hill in montane forest.
Sri Lanka; tropical Africa, Australia.
Habitat. Shady places, rocky slopes; near sea level to 200 m. Ophiopogon marmoratus Pierre ex L. Rodr.
Habit. Herb.
Chlorophytum longissimum Ridl. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak;
Habit. Herb. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok;
Region. Peninsular. SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. China, Indochina.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Along stream in evergreen forest or on rocky
Chlorophytum malayense Ridl. limestone hill.
Habit. Herb. Ophiopogon revolutus F.T. Wang & L.K. Dai
Region. Peninsular. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. China, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam. Region. Uncertain locality.
Habitat. Forests, thickets, hillsides along valleys; 400-1500 m. Distribution. China.
Chlorophytum orchidastrum Lindl. Habitat. Rainforests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, dense
Habit. Herb. or sparse forests; 500-1,900 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun. Ophiopogon siamensis M.N. Tamura
Distribution. Africa, Asia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; SW: Prachuap
Uses. Ornamental. Khiri Khan.
Chlorophytum simplex Craib Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Lower montane oak forest on humus or granite,
Region. N: Chiang Mai. limestone soils.

Peliosanthes caesia J.M.H. Shaw Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Uncertain locality.
Region. N: Tak. Distribution. China, Laos.
Habitat. Ca 1,800 m alt. Tupistra nutans Wall. ex Lindl.
Peliosanthes sinica F.T. Wang & Tang Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Nan. Distribution. Himalaya.
Distribution. China. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Not recorded. Tupistra ochracea (Ridl.) Yamashita & M.N. Tamura
Peliosanthes teta Andrews Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Songkhla, Trang. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. China, Bangladesh, NE and SE India, Laos, Tupistra urceolata N. Tanaka & W.J. Kress
Malaysia, Myanmar, Sikkim, Vietnam. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Rocky areas in forests; 100-1,000 m alt. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 115 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Burmanniaceae
Habitat. On limestone hill in montane forest, 700-2,000 m alt. Burmannia candida Griff. ex Hook.f.
Polygonatum punctatum Royle ex Kunth Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Myanmar, Sumatra.
Distribution. Himalaya, Myanmar. Habitat. On sandy soil, wet areas.
Habitat. Not recorded. Burmannia chinensis Gand.
Polygonatum tessellatum F.T. Wang & Tang Habit. Herb.
Region. Uncertain locality. Distribution. China, India, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. China, Myanmar. Habitat. On sandy soil, wet areas.
Habitat. Not recorded. Burmannia coelestis D. Don
Theropogon pallidus (Wall. ex Kunth) Maxim. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. China, Assam, Bangladesh, India, Nepal,
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Andaman Is., Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Philippines,
Distribution. Tibet, Assam, Himalaya, China, New Guinea, Caroline Is.
Myanmar. Habitat. On sandy soil, wet areas, to 1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Not recorded. Burmannia disticha L.
Tupistra albiora K. Larsen Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon,
Region. N: Lamphum; SW: Kanchanaburi. Mukdahan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani;
Distribution. Endemic. C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Krabi,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest. Trang, Yala.
Distribution. China, Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Tupistra grandis Ridl. Myanmar, Indochna, Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea,
Habit. Herb.
Australia.
Habitat. Savannah and pine forest, to ca 1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Burmannia gracilis Ridl.
Habit. Herb.
Tupistra kressii N.Tanaka
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Malaysia.
Region. P: Yala.
Habitat. On sandy soil, wet areas.
Habitat. Understory of secondary growth, along streams. Burmannia larseniana D.X. Zhang & R.M.K. Saunders
Habit. Herb.
Tupistra malaiana N.Tanaka
Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Ranong.
Habitat. Ca 1,550 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Burmannia malasica Jonker
Habit. Herb.
Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N. Tanaka
Region. Peninsular.
90 1
Distribution. SE Borneo. Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, often in disturbed areas,
Burmannia oblonga Ridl. 600-900 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Centrolepidaceae
Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum.
Distribution. Hainan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaya, Sumatra. Centrolepis cambodiana Hance
Habitat. Pine forest, 1100-1300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE:
Burmannia wallichii (Miers) Hook.f. Rayong, Trat.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Open grassland, sandy soil, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. China, India, India, Cambodia, Myanmar,
Vietnam, Malaya Colchicaceae
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp oak forest, ca 1,000 m alt.
Disporum calcaratum D. Don
Geomitra clavigera Becc. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic herb. Region. Chiang Mai, Tak.
Region. P: Satun. Distribution. China, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal,
Distribution. Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Sikkim, Vietnam.
Habitat. In lowland forest on sandy soil covered by leaf Habitat. On sandy soil in lower montane and dry evergreen
litter, at ca 90 m alt. forests.
Thismia alba Holttum ex Jonker Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr.
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic herbs. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Songkhla. Region. Northern.
Distribution. Malaysia. Distribution. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, China,
Habitat. On humus, under shade of bamboo, 300 m alt. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java,
Thismia angustimitra Chantanaorr. Lesser Sunda Is., Sumatra.
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic herb. Habitat. On sandy soil in lower montane and pine-diptero-
Region. NE: Nong Khai. carp forests.
Distribution. Endemic. Gloriosa superba L.
Habitat. Sandysoil covered by leaitters in bamboo forest, Habit. Herb.
ca 200 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Thismia javanica J.J. Sm. Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China,
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic herbs. Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Habitat. Forests, thickets; 900-1,300 m.
Phangnga. Iphigenia indica Kunth
Distribution. Indonesia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. On humid soil in evergreen forest, lower altitude. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
Thismia mirabilis K. Larsen E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Terrestrial, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic herbs. Distribution. China, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat. Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, N Australia.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Pine forest, moist grasslands, open elds, to 2,100 m.
Habitat. Sandy soil near stream, in lowland evergreen
forest, ca 1,200 m alt. Commelinaceae
Aetheolirion stenolobium Forman
Cannaceae Habit. Perennial scandent herb.
Canna indica L. Region. N: Lampang, Phrae; NE: Khon Kaen; C: Saraburi;
Habit. Herb. SE: Chon Buri.
Region. Cultivated all over the country. Distribution. Endemic to Thailand.
Distribution. South America, cultivated throughout the Habitat. Exposed areas in limestone forest, 250-600 m alt.
tropics. Amischotolype barbarossa Duist.
Uses. Edible rhizomes as medicine and cultivated for its Habit. Creeping herb.
starch and as an ornamental. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Carlemanniaceae Habitat. Evergreen forest, lighter shaded areas, on dry
Carlemannia tetragona Hook.f. sandy soil or wet places, to 800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Amischotolype divaricata Duist.
Region. N: Nan. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. NE India, S China, Vietnam, Sumatra. Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Nakhon Nayok; E:
Habitat. Mountane forests, to 1,700 m alt. Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Songkhla.
Silvianthus tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Ridsd. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Sumatra.
Habit. Shrub. Habitat. Disturbed or bamboo forests, on damp or moist to
Region. N: Nan. marshy places near streams, 50-1,225 m alt.

Amischotolype glabrata Hassk. Region. All over the country.
Habit. Creeping herb. Distribution. China, Cambodia, Japan, Korea, Laos,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; P: Ranong, Malaysia, Russia, Vietnam.
Surat, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala, Habitat. Wet places.
Narathiwat. Commelina diffusa Burm.f.
Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malaysia. Habit. Annual herb.
Habitat. Wet places in lowland to hill evergreen and gallery Region. All over the country.
forests, 50-400 m alt. Distribution. Pantropical.
Amischotolype grifthii (C.B. Clarke) I.M. Turner Habitat. Common weeds in humid and wet open areas, to
2,100 m alt.
Habit. Creeping herb. Commelina paludosa Blum
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, China, Taiwan,
Habitat. Swampy in hill evergreen and gallery forests, ca Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia.
150 m alt. Habitat. In hill evergreen and gallery forests, rarely in
Amischotolype hookeri (Hassk.) H. Hara deciduous forest, 100-2,000 m alt.
Habit. Climbing and straggling herb. Commelina sikkimensis C.B. Clarke
Region. All over the country. Habit. Annual herb.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; E:
Habitat. Wet places in deciduous, oak-pine, hill evergreen Chaiyaphum.
and gallery forests, to 1,000 m alt. Distribution. Himalaya, Myanmar.
Amischotolype irritans (Ridl) I.M. Turner Habitat. Climbing among grasses in open areas, 1,000-
Habit. Creeping herb. 2,100 m alt.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Yala. Commelina suffruticosa Blume
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. In hill evergreen and gallery forests, 200-800 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet, Lampang; NE:
Amischotolype marginata (Blume) Hassk. Phetchabun.
Habit. Creeping herb. Distribution. India, Himalaya, China, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Habitat. Common on ridges in deciduous forest, 300-1,200 m alt.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Pattani, Cyanotis arachnoidea C.B. Clarke var. arachnoidea
Narathiwat. Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen.
Sumatra. Distribution. India, Himalaya, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar,
Habitat. Lowland evergreen, peat swamp or montane Malaysia.
forests, disturbed or secondary growth, to 1,500 m alt. Habitat. High humus litter in open areas on rocks,
Amischotolype monosperma (C.B. Clarke) I.M. Turner 200-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Giant creeping herb. Cyanotis axillaris (L.) Sweet
Region. P: Yala. Habit. Annuals herb.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Evergreen and gallery forests, 100-300 m alt. Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya,
Amischotolype welzeniana Duist. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia, N Australia.
Habit. Creeping herb. Habitat. Common in muddy, marshy, moist sandy open
Region. C: Bangkok; P: Surat Thani, Trang. areas, to 500 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar. Cyanotis burmanniana Wight
Habitat. Evergreen forest or disturbed thickets along trail, Habit. Annual herb.
200-300 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Belosynapsis ciliate (Blume) R.S. Rao Distribution. India, Sri Lanka.
Habit. Succulent herb. Habitat. Sandy soil in deciduous forests, to 700 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Cyanotis cristata (L.) D. Don
Distribution. India, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Japan, Habit. Annual herb.
Indochina, Malaysia. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Damp and wet places or high humus on rocks in Distribution. Tropical Africa to India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya,
evergreen and gallery forests, 50-800 m alt. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia.
Commelina benghalensis L. Habitat. In wet and high humus litter on rocks, in gallery
Habit. Annual herb. and evergreen forests or shade place in deciduous forest,
Region. All over the country. to 700 m alt.
Distribution. Africa, India, Himalaya, China, Taiwan, Japan, Cyanotis thwaitesii Hassk.
Indochina. Habit. Perennials herb.
Habitat. Common weed in open areas, to 500 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Khon
Commelina communis L. Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum.
Habit. Annual herbs. Distribution. India, Himalaya, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar,
92 1
Malaysia. Murdannia japonica (Thunb.) Faden
Habitat. Open grassy or wet litter on sandstones in pine or Habit. Perennial herb.
mixed deciduous forests, 600-1,700 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) Schult. & Schult.f. Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malaysia, Java.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In lowland evergreen forest, exposed areas in
Region. All over the country. gallery forest, wet places in deciduous or bamboo forests,
Distribution. Africa, India, Himalaya. 50-1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Common in open areas with high humus litter and Used. Edible.
wet rocks, 300-1,300 m alt. Murdannia loriformis (Hassk.) R.S. Rao & Kammathy
Dictyospermum conspicuum (Blume) J.K. Morton
Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Laos, Vietnam,
Distribution. India, Himalaya, Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia. Habitat. Common in deciduous forest, 50-400 m alt.
Habitat. Exposed areas and gallery forests, 50-1,200 m alt. Murdannia macrocarpa D.Y. Hong
Dictyospermum ovatum Hassk. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei: E:
Region. All over the country. Chiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima,
Distribution. India, China, Vietnam. Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Exposed area and gallery forests, to 600 m alt. Distribution. China.
Habitat. In moist grassy, sandy open areas and pine forest,
Floscopa scandens Lour. 1,000-1,800 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Murdannia medica (Lour.) D.Y. Hong
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, Bangladesh, Habit. Perennial herb.
China, Hong Kong, Myanmar, Loas, Vietnam, Malaysia, Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon
Australia. Ratchasima, Roi Et; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachinburi.
Habitat. Open areas in swampy, muddy grassland, gallery Distribution. China, Indochina.
forest and roadside ditches, 50-1,700 m alt. Habitat. In grassy, wet places on slopses and deciduous
forest, 150-400 m alt.
Murdannia clandestine (Ridl.) Faden
Habit. Annual herb. Murdannia nudiora (L.) Brenan
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SE: Chanthaburi. Habit. Annual herb.
Distribution. Malaysia. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Growing by edge of stream in gallery forest, Distribution. Pantropical.
300-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Common weed in open areas in deciduous forest,
grassland and rice elds, to 1,500 m alt.
Murdannia divergens (C.B. Clarke) G. Brckn.
Habit. Perennial herb. Murdannia pauciora (G. Brckn.) G. Brckn.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Khamphaeng Phet; Habit. Annual herb.
NE: Sakon Nakhon. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Distribution. India, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Myanmar. Distribution. India, Malaysia.
Habitat. Near small stems or wet grasslands in mixed Habitat. In open grassy and marshy ground near streams or
deciduous, pine or montane forests, 300-1,200 m alt. by the sea, to 1,300 m alt.
Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden Murdannia spectabilis (Kurz) Faden
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perrennial herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun, Region. All over the country.
Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Distribution. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Philippines.
Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Habitat. Wet and open areas in deciduous forest, scrub or
Kanchanaburi. grasslands, 100-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Murdannia spirata (L.) G. Brckn.
Taiwan, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia, Timor, New Habit. Annual herb.
Guinea, Philippines. Region. N: Tak; NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Surin; SE: Trat;
Habitat. Seasonal swampy soils in deciduous or oak-pine SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
forests, to 1,300 m alt. Distribution. America, India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, China,
Murdannia gigantea (Vahl) G. Brckn. Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Wet and sunny open areas, 50-500 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Murdannia vaginata (L.) G. Brckn.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, China, Myanmar, Habit. Perennial herb.
Indochina, Malaysia, Tropical Australia. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Wet places in deciduous forest or marshes, moist Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Sikkim, China, Indochina,
open grasslands in lowlands to higher elevations, to Philippines.
1,400 m alt. Habitat. Weeds in marshy or wet areas in deciduous forest

and grassland, to 700 m alt. Region.- P: Narathiwat.
Pollia hasskarlii R.S. Rao Distribution. Malaysia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Evergreen and gallery forests, to 100 m alt.
Distribution. East India, Himalaya, China, Myanmar, Laos, Streptolirion volubile Edgew.
Vietnam, Malaysia. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. Exposed areas in swampy, muddy places in lower Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
hill evergreen and gallery forests, 200-1,700 m alt. Lampang.
Pollia secundiora (Blume) Bakh.f. Distribution. India, Himalaya, China, Myanmar, Laos,
Habit. Perennial herb. Vietnam, Korea, Japan.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Exposed areas in hill evergreen and limestone
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, Bangladesh, forests, 1,300-2,565 m alt.
China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia to New Guinea. Costaceae
Habitat. Exposed areas in swampy, muddy soil in lower hill
evergreen and gallery forests, 100-1,000 m alt. Cheilocostus globosus (Blume) C. Specht
Habit. Herb.
Pollia sumatrana Hassk. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Yala, Satun.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Bhutan, N India, China, Vietnam, Laos.
Region. P: SongKhla, Pattani, Yala. Habitat. Open grassland in deciduous forest and evergreen
Distribution. Malaysia. forest, 500-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. On limestone, evergreen forest, 200-1,500 m alt.
Cheilocostus lacerus (Gagnep.) C. Specht
Pollia thyrsiora (Blume) Steud. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. Northern Thailand.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. China, Bhutan, N India, Sikkim.
Distribution. India, Sikkim, China, Laos, Vietnam, Habitat. Moist places in forests; 1,100-2,200 m.
Malaysia.
Habitat. Exposed areas in swampy, muddy or wet places in Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Knig) C. Specht
deciduous, evergreen and gallery forests, 50-1,000 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Uses. Edible. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Bhutan, India, Nepal, China, Myanmar,
Porandra microphylla Y. Wan Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. From peat swamp to hill evergreen forest, to 1,400 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. China.
Habitat. Common in hill evergreen forest, 800-2,000 m alt. Costus tonkinensis Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
Porandra ramosa D.Y. Hong Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet.
Habit. Woody-like scandent herb. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Habitat. Montane forest, 1,200-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. In hill evergreen and gallery forests, 1,00-1,500 m alt. Cymodoceaceae
Porandra scandens D.Y. Hong Cymodocea rotundata Asch. & Schweinf.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampamg, Tak, Region. P: Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi.
Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Distribution. Indo-West Pacics and Caribbean to Australia.
Chanthaburi; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi. Habitat. Marine waters, in sand spots of coral reefs.
Distribution. China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Montane and evergreen forests, 250-1,800 m alt. Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Asch.
Habit. Herb.
Rhopalephora scaberrima (Blume) Faden Region. P: Satun.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Tropical Africa, throughout Indian Ocean and
Region. All over the country. the Pacic Islands.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Himalaya, China, Taiwan, Habitat. Marine habitats, on sand ats, mud banks, sandy
Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia. pools of coral reefs, or small creeks in mangrove
Habitat. Exposed areas and evergreen forest, to 2,500 m alt. swamps.
Spatholirion calcicola K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen
Cyperaceae
Habit. Perennial herb. Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. & D.A. Simpson
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang,
Phrae; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic to Thailand. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Growing on the ground in shaded, moist, wet and Distribution. India, Malesia , Australia, S China, Taiwan,
high humus litter areas in limestone forest, 250-750 m alt. Micronesia, Bonin Is.
Spatholirion ornatum Ridl. Habitat. Swamps, ditches, rice paddies, in large
Habit. Perennial herb. communities.
94 1
Actinoschoenus thouarsii (Kunth) Benth. Region. E: Chaiyaphum.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. China, Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Habitat. Stream sides in dry evergreen forests, 600-700 m alt.
Phangnga, Satun, Songkhla. Carex breviscapa C.B. Clarke
Distribution. Gabon, Madagascar, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Habit. Herb.
Vietnam, Cambodia, W Malesia. Region. NE: Loei; P: Phangnga.
Habitat. Wet and grassy places, rocky slopes, 300-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Taiwan, Ryuku Is,
Ascolepis dipsacoides (Schumach.) J. Raynal subsp. Malesia, N Australia.
siamensis (C.B. Clarke) J. Raynal Habitat. Wet areas on forest oor, 600-1,300 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Carex cataphyllodes Nelmes
Region. N: Chiang Mai; Nakhon Sawan; NE: Sakon Habit. Herb.
Nakhon. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Indochina. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. On wet ground in savanna, lake margins , river Habitat. Evergreen forest, 1,200-1,600 m alt.
banks, 100-450 m alt.
Carex commixta Steud.
Ascolepis pusilla Ridl. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak; NE: Loei; SW:
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon. Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Vietnam. Distribution. Sumatra, Java.
Habitat. Open, seasonally wet areas, 300 m alt. Habitat. Shady places in dry evergreen forest, 900-1,550 m alt.
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla subsp. afnis (Roth) Carex composita Boott
T. Koyama Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom. Distribution. India, Nepal.
Distribution. Afghanistan,Turkestan, N India, Indochina. Habitat. Mountain top, ca 2,300 m alt.
Habitat. Swampy areas, 200 m alt.
Carex condensata Nees
Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. India.
Distribution. Old World tropics, subtropics; SE USA. Habitat. Grassy forest oors, 800-2,500 m alt.
Habitat. Open semi-dry glassy places, on dunes near sea;
savannah, on rock outcrops, to 1,000 m alt.
Carex continua C.B. Clarke
Habit. Herb.
Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz. Region. N: Mai Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Habit. Herb. Uttaradit, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. India, S China, Malesia.
Distribution. Widespread in the Old World tropics. Habitat. Moist forest oors, 100-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Wet grassy places, wet rock outcrops, up to 1,300
m alt.
Carex craspedotricha Nelmes
Habit. Herb.
Bulbostylis puberula (Poir.) C.B. Clarke Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. China.
Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Satun, Habitat. Moist open ground, 1,300-1,600 m alt.
Songkhla, Pattani.
Distribution. Widespread in tropical Africa, Asia.
Carex cruciata Vahl
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open semi-dry, glassy ground, often near coast.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Carex anomocarya Nelmes Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Habit. Herb. Ratchasima; SE: Chanthabur, Trat; P: Trang.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. India to SW Japan, W Malesia.
Distribution. S China, Hainan, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java. Habitat. Grassy forest oors, 800-2,500 m alt.
Carex cryptostachys Brongn.
Carex baccans Nees Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei, Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat, Chanthaburi; C:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Saraburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang,
Tak; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga. Distribution. SE China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malesia,
Distribution. India, Taiwan, Malesia. Australia.
Habitat. Open grassy slopes, scrub, forest margins, Habitat. Wet grassy forest oors, 50-1,200 m alt.
900-2,500 m alt.
Carex dimorpholepis Steud.
Carex blinii Lveill & Varriot Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.

Distribution. N India, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Japan. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Wet or swampy grasslands, muddy streamsides, Habitat. Open areas in mixed and dry evergreen forests,
700-1,500 m alt. 200-600 m alt.
Carex doisutepensis T. Koyama Carex lageniformis Nelmes
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum; SE:
Distribution. China. Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and montane forests, 100-1,400 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Carex fedia Nees Habitat. Evergreen forest, along river margins, 600-1,400 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Carex maculata Boott
Distribution. Afghanistan, N India, Nepal, N Vietnam, Region. NE: Loei.
China. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Japan, W
Habitat. Muddy river banks, margins of lakes, ponds, 400 m alt. Malesia.
Carex licina Nees Habitat. By stream in pine forest, ca 1,250 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Carex meeboldiana Kk.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India , Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Malesia. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phuket.
Habitat. Damp areas in montane forest, 500-2,500 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar.
Carex helferi Boeck. Habitat. Evergreen or mixed forests, 150-700 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Carex nemostachys Steud.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Habit. Herb.
Phuket. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum; SE: Prachin
Distribution. Myanmar. Buri.
Habitat. Along rivers in evergreen forest, to 400 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Japan.
Carex horseldii Boott Habitat. Stream banks, wet places in dry evergreen forests,
Habit. Herb. also in swampy areas, 300-800 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Carex oedorrhampha Nelmes
Chanthaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Vietnam, Laos, Java, Maluku, New Guinea, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Australia. Distribution. India, Vietnam, S China, Malesia.
Habitat. Deciduous and evergreen forests, 350-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Open boggy or swampy places, 2,400-2,550 m alt.
Carex hypolytroides Ridl. Carex perakensis C.B. Clarke
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Distribution. Vietnam, Sumatra, Borneo. Distribution. Vietnam, S China, Taiwan, Peninsular
Habitat. Montane forest, 2,000 m alt. Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi.
Carex indica L. var. indica Habitat. Montane forests, old clearings, 600-2,500 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Carex phacota Spreng.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, S China, Malesia, Australia, New Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Caledonia, Fiji. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Indochina, Japan,
Habitat. Evergreen forests, scrub, grassy swamps, river Malesia.
margins, to 1,000 m alt. Habitat. Bogs, swampy, open grasslands, up to ca 1,200 m alt.
Carex indica L. var. laetebrunnea C.B. Clarke Carex phyllocaula Nelmes
Habit. Herb.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani; Songkhla. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Malesia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Habitat. In thickets , open grassy ground, 1,500-2,100 m alt.
Australia. Carex pleurocaula Nelmes
Habitat. Evergreen forests, scrub, grassy swamps, river Habit. Herb.
margins, to 1,000 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Carex indica L. var. microcarpa T. Koyama Distribution. Vietnam, Cambodia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 1,200-1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Carex pruinosa Boott
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,100 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Carex juvenilis C.B. Clarke ex Camus Distribution. India, Java.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Wet grasslands, bog, ca 1,200 m alt.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun. Carex pterocaulos Nelmes
96 1
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Java.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; Chiang Mai. Habitat. Scrub, old clearings, deciduous forests, 100-600 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar. Courtoisina cyperoides (Roxb.) Sojak
Habitat. On mountain ridges, 1,600 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Carex setigera D. Don Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Phrae;
Habit. Herb. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen.
Region. N: Chiang Rai. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Distribution. Himalayas. Habitat. Wet places, rice elds, 100-1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Open grassy clearing, ca 2,000 m alt. Cyperus babakan Steud.
Carex speciosa Kunth subsp. speciosa Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Region. Most regions except lower peninsular. Pattani, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Sumatra, Distribution. India, Indochina, Malesia, New Guinea.
Java. Habitat. Open swamps, wet forest oors, rice elds, to 400 m alt.
Habitat. Scrub, open grassy hillsides, 200-1,800 m alt. Cyperus castaneus Willd.
Carex speciosa Kunth subsp. latifolia T. Koyama Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan; NE:
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum. Khon Kaen; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. India, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Java,
Habitat. Scrub, open grassy hillsides, 1,100-1,200 m alt. Borneo, N. Australia.
Carex speciosa Kunth subsp. platyrrhina (Ohwi) T. Koyama Habitat. Open grasslands, rocky places, to 300 m alt.
Cyperus cephalotes Vahl
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Udon Thani; E: Nakhon
Distribution. Endemic. Ratchasima; C: Bangkok; P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Scrub, open grassy hillsides, 800-2,500 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, S China, N Australia.
Habitat. Lakes & rivers, on oating mats of Salvinia and
Carex stramentitia Boott ex Boeck Pistia, decayed marsh plants.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; Cyperus compactus Retz.
SE: Chanthaburi, Prachin Buri. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. N India, S China, S Myanmar, Java. Region. Through out the country
Habitat. Dry evergreen or mixed forests, 400-1,800 m alt. Distribution. Mascarenes, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S
China, Taiwan, Malesia.
Carex subinclinata T. Koyama Habitat. Swamps, rice elds, ditches, river banks, wet forest
Habit. Herb.
margins, coastal marshes, to 900 m alt.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei.
Distribution. Endemic. Cyperus compressus L.
Habitat. Montane and bamboo forest, 1,100-1,300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Carex teinogyna Boott Distribution. Tropical, subtropical, many temperate regions.
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open grass lands, waste places, waysides,
Region. N: Nan.
cultivated ground, to 850 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Japan,
Korea, Sumatra. Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.
Habitat. Rock crevices on boulders in stream, 600 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Carex thailandica T. Koyama Distribution. South America, tropical Africa, Madagascar,
Habit. Herb.
India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, N Australia.
Region. NE: Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
Habitat. Marshy places at low altitude.
Saraburi; SW: Phetchaburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Carex thomsonii Boott Distribution. Pantropical, Asia to Taiwan, SE China.
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open glasslands, cultivated ground, rice elds, up
Region. N: Phitsanulok.
to 1,000 m alt.
Distribution. India, N Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habitat. Along streams, rivers in forests, 400-1,200 m alt. Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) J.V. Suringar
Habit. Herb.
Carex tricephala Boeck. Region. All over the country.
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S China, the
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang,
Ryukyu Is., Malesia, Melanesia, Australia, Polynesia.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom, Khon Kaen; E:
Habitat. Wet to semi-dry areas, grasslands, waysides,
Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi; SE:
secondary forest oors, forest clearings, rice elds, to
Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; Chanthaburi.
1,200 m alt.

Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Chai Nat, Ang Thong, Bangkok.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Pantropical.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Swampy places, rice elds, at low altitude.
Distribution. Tropical & subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Cyperus involucratus Rottb.
West Indies. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Forest margins, clearings, rice elds, waysides, Region. Widely cultivated as an ornamental.
cultivated ground, to 1,900 m alt. Distribution. Native to tropical Africa and the Middle East.
Cyperus difformis L. Habitat. Grassy places, waysides, waste places, rice elds.
Habit. Herb. Cyperus iria L.
Distribution. Widely distributed in tropical, subtropical, Region. All over the country.
warm temperate regions. Distribution. E Africa, Tropical Asia, China, Japan, Malesia,
Habitat. Primarily a weed in rice elds, wet or swampy Australia.
places, open grassy elds, to 300 m alt. Habitat. Rice elds, cultivated ground, waysides, wet
Cyperus digitatus Roxb. places, 100-1,300 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Cyperus javanicus Houtt.
Distribution. Pantropical, China, Taiwan. Region. C: Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi,
Habitat. Swamps, bogs, river banks, rice elds, to 800 m alt. Trat; P: Surat Thani, Satun, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Cyperus distans L.f. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka,
Habit. Herb. SE China, the Ryukyu Is, Malesia, Pacic Is, W Australia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Habitat. Swampy, saline or brackish habitats, to 300 m alt.
Tak, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Khon Kaen; Cyperus laxus Lam. var. laxus
SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Habit. Herb.
Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Bangkok; SE: Prachin Buri, Region. Common All over the country.
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, SE China,
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Narathiwat. Taiwan, Malesia, Solomon Is.
Distribution. Pantropical. Habitat. Scrub, wet forest oors, around bamboo groves,
Habitat. Open, wet ground, forest clearings, waysides, rice 50-500 m alt.
elds, swamps, to 1,800 m alt.
Cyperus laxus Lam. var. macrostachyus (Boeck.) Karth.
Cyperus dubius Rottb.
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Loei, Nong Khai; SE: Chanthaburi, Rayong;
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Indochina, Malesia.
P: Phuket.
Habitat. Sandy seashores, rock crevices, shallow soil over
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, SE China,
rocks inl, to 600 m alt.
Taiwan, Malesia, Solomon Is.
Cyperus elatus L. Habitat. Scrub, wet forest oors, around bamboo groves,
Habit. Herb. 50-500 m alt.
Region. Bangkok; P: Chumphon, Trang, Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, SE Asia, W Malesia.
Cyperus leucocephalus Retz.
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Swamps, river-banks, rice elds, to 1,000 m alt.
Region. Most regions except in the peninsular.
Cyperus exaltatus Retz. Distribution. S India, Myanmar, Indochina.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Savanna, to 600 m alt.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; C: Saraburi; P: Ranong.
Distribution. Pantropical, tropical Africa, South America,
Cyperus malaccensis Lam.
Habit. Herb.
China, Japan.
Region. C: Bangkok, Samut Prakan; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Habitat. Wet or swampy places at low altitude.
Ranong, Surat Thani, Satun.
Cyperus haspan L. Distribution. Middle East, India, Indochina, S China,
Habit. Herb. Malesia N Australia, Polynesia.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Marshy places near brackish or salt water.
Distribution. Tropical & subtropical regions worldwide.
Cyperus michelianus (L.) Link subsp. pygmaeus (Rottb.)
Habitat. Open wet places, rice elds, to 2,000 m alt.
Asch. & Graebn.
Cyperus helferi Boeck. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Nakhon
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani. Phanom, Khon Kaen; C: Lop Buri, Nonthaburi,
Distribution. Myanmar, Andaman Is. Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Forest oors , river banks, under 100 m alt. Distribution. Mediterranean & E Africa, W Asia, India, SE
Cyperus imbricatus Retz. Asia, Malesia, Australia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open wet places, cultivated ground, up to 800 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Nakhon Cyperus mitis Steud.
Sawan; NE: Nakhon Phanom, Khon Kaen; E: Buri Ram; Habit. Herb.
98 1
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai; C: Bangkok; SE: Distribution. Old World tropics, subtropics.
Trat. Habitat. Wet grass lands, swamps, rice elds, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka. Cyperus platystylis R. Br.
Habitat. Wet grassy elds, rice-eld margins at low altitude. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus mollipes (C.B. Clarke) K. Schum. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Udon Thani;
Habit. Herb. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Phatthalung, Songkhla.
Region. NE: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Malesia, Australia, Taiwan.
Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi. Habitat. Swamps, margins of pools, emergent with roots in
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India. mud, under 50 m alt.
Habitat. Open areas in mixed deciduous forest, 50-150 m alt. Cyperus procerus Rottb.
Cyperus niveus Retz. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Phayao, Phitsanulok; NE: Khon Kaen; E:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Chaiyaphum; C: Bangkok; SE: Chachoengsao; P: Phuket,
Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Khon Kaen; SW: Narathiwat.
Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Chai Nat. Distribution. Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, SE
Distribution. Iran, tropical Africa, N India, S China, China, Taiwan, Malesia, Australia.
Indochina. Habitat. Swamps, wet places, brackish marshes, under 50 m
Habitat. Deciduous forest, bamboo groves, on limestone, to alt.
800 m alt. Cyperus pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth
Cyperus nutans Vahl var. nutans Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; Chiang Mai; SW: Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia.
Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Lop Buri, Saraburi, Habitat. Wet or swampy, wet forest oors, open pool
Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Yala, Narathiwat. margins, ditches, rice elds, to 800 m alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S China, Malesia. Cyperus radians Nees & Meyen ex Kunth
Habitat. Swamps, wet open places, rice elds, to 800 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus nutans Vahl var. eleusinoides (Kunth) Haines Region. SW: Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE:
Rayong; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Satun, Songkhla,
Habit. Herb. Pattani, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW: Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, SE China,
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan. Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Malesia, N Australia, Cyperus rotundus L.
Japan (Ryukyu Is). Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Swamps, wet open places, rice elds, to 800 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Cyperus odoratus L. Distribution. Warmer regions of the world.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open or slightly shaded ground, up to 1,100 m alt.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; C: Bangkok. Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb.
Distribution. Pantropical, C Japan, rare in SE Asia, Malesia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Wet or marshy, grassy places, waysides, rice elds, Region. P: Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
near coasts, at low altitude. Distribution. Tropical America & Africa; introduced
Cyperus ohwii Kk. elsewhere.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open grassy elds, river banks, 100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Cyperus squarrosus L.
Distribution. N India, N Japan, Indochina, Java. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Marshy places at low altitude. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri
Cyperus paniceus (Rottb.) Boeck. Khan.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Tropical & S Africa, S & SE Asia, N Australia,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; S Canada, N Argentina.
NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin; Habitat. Open wet grassy areas, over limestone, to 600 m
SW: Kanchanaburi. alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia. Cyperus stenophyllus J.V. Suringar
Habitat. Grasslands, deciduous forest, rice elds, 100-500 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus papyrus L. Region. SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Malesia, Solomon Is., Melanesia.
Region. Bangkok. Habitat. Wet to semi-dry grassy places, edges of deciduous
Distribution. Native to E Africa; widely cultivated. forests, up to 700 m alt.
Habitat. Wet swamps, margins of still or slow-moving Cyperus stoloniferus Retz.
water. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus pilosus Vahl Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri,
Habit. Herb. Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Songkhla,
Region. All over the country. Narathiwat.

Distribution. Madagascar, Mauritius, India, Australia, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Melanesia. Distribution. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Malesia, China,
Habitat. Brackish marshes, wet coastal areas. Japan.
Cyperus tenuiculmis Boeck. Habitat. Fresh water swamps, pond margins, ditches, rice
Habit. Herb. elds.
Region. All over the country. Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Hensch var. dulcis
Distribution. Old World tropics, S Japan.
Habitat. Open grasslands, waysides, open forest, to 1,400 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus tenuispica Steud. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen;
Habit. Herb. C: Saraburi, Bangkok; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chon Buri,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Nakhon Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Trang, Satun,
Sawan; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok; SE: Distribution. Widely distributed in the Old World tropics.
Chanthaburi; P: Phuket, Satun. Habitat. Marshy places along coast, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Hensch var. tuberosa (Roxb.)
Malesia, China, Japan. T. Koyama
Habitat. Open wet places, weed in rice elds. Habit. Herb.
Cyperus tonkinensis C.B. Clarke Region. All over the country.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Japan, Malesia, USA.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Cultivated.
Distribution. Vietnam. Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.
Habitat. Gravelly, rocky river banks, 50-250 m alt.
Cyperus trialatus (Boeck.) J. Kern Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Kalasin; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon,
Region. All over the country. Phangnga, Phuket.
Distribution. Indochina, S China, W Malesia. Distribution. Pantropical.
Habitat. Forest oors, rice elds, up to 1,300 m alt. Habitat. Wet ground, up to 800 m alt.
Diplacrum caricinum R. Br. Eleocharis macrorrhiza T. Koyama
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Buri Region. N: Chiang Mai; Phitsanulok.
Ram; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi, Distribution. Endemic.
Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Habitat. Fresh water ponds.
Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phuket, Trang, Satun, Songkhla. Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud.
Distribution. India , Sri Lanka, N Australia, SE China, Habit. Herb.
Japan. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Chon
Habitat. Open wet grasslands, swamps, rice elds, up to Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon
500 m alt. Si Thammarat, Trang, Narathiwat.
Diplacrum reticulatum Holttum Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Taiwan, Ryukyu
Habit. Herb. Is, Malesia Melanesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. Marshy or ooded ground, up to 1,600 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Eleocharis philippinensis Svenson
Habitat. Wet grassland. Habit. Herb.
Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult. Region. C: Bangkok.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Indochina, Hainan, Malesia, N. Australia, New
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Phuket; Pattani, Caledonia.
Songkhla. Habitat. Swampy places, rice elds, at low altitude.
Distribution. Pantropical. Eleocharis retroexa (Poir.) Urb. subsp. chaetaria
Habitat. Wet places, pond margins, rice elds, up to 100 m (Roem. & Schult.) T. Koyama
alt. Habit. Herb.
Eleocharis congesta D. Don var. congesta Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi;
Habit. Herb. P: Ranong; Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Pattani, Narathiwat.
Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Phuket, Nakhon Si Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia,
Thammarat, Narathiwat. Australia.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Malesia, China, Habitat. Wet grassy places, margins of ponds, ditches, rice
Japan. elds, low to medium altitude.
Habitat. Fresh water swamps, pond margins, ditches, rice Eleocharis setifolia (A. Rich.) Raynal subsp. setifolia
elds. Habit. Herb.
Eleocharis congesta D. Don var. japonica (Miq.) T. Koyama Region. NE: Maha Sarakham.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, S. America, Philippines.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Muddy area, margin of seasonal lake, ca 200 m alt.
100 1
Eleocharis spiralis (Rottb.) Roem. & Schult. Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia,
Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi; P: Satun, Songkhla, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Narathiwat. Habitat. Moist grasslands on wet sea shore.
Distribution. Pantropical. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani
Habitat. Wet places with brackish or saline water. Habit. Herb.
Eleocharis tetraquetra Nees Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Habit. Herb. Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Nong Khai, Nakhon
Region. Chiang Mai. Phanom, Khon Kaen; E: Roi Et; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, NE China, Japan, Australia. Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi.
Habitat. Swampy or wet places, 1,000-2,200 m alt. Distribution. Warm temperate, tropical regions of the Old
World.
Fimbristylis acuminata Vahl Habitat. Wet places, weed in rice elds, 30-400 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin, Khon Kaen; SE: Fimbristylis brunneoides J. Kern
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout the region. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Malesia N Australia, S Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom.
China, the Ryukyu Is. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Open, wet or muddy places at low altitude. Habitat. Sandy river banks, 200 m alt.
Fimbristylis adenolepis J. Kern Fimbristylis cinnamometorum (Vahl) Kunth
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Maha Sarakham; E: Region. Common throughout Region.
Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S China, Malesia,
P: Surat Thani, Krabi. N Australia.
Distribution. Vietnam, W Malesia. Habitat. Swampy grasslands, wet oors of savannah forests,
Habitat. Open grasslands, shady areas in swamp, roadsides,- up to 1,300 m alt.
to 400 m alt. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link
Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl var. aestivalis Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E:
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; Nakhon Ratchasima, Roi Et; C: Lop Buri; P: Chumphon;
E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum; P: Surat Thani. Phangnga, Yala.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, China, Japan, Distribution. Pantropical, N Asia, Japan.
Malesia, N Australia. Habitat. Grassl, rice elds, seashores, cultivated ground, to
Habitat. Open wet places, rice elds, wet sandy shores of 1,300 m alt.
inl, lakes, low to medium altitude. Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br.
Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl var. esquarrosa Habit. Herb.
(Makino) T. Koyama Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Rayong,
Habit. Herb. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Trang,
Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon; E: Si Sa Ket; SE: Chon Buri, Pattani.
Chanthaburi. Distribution. Pantropical.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia, Australia, New Zealand, Habitat. Open sandy or rocky places near sea.
Polynesia, S Korea, Japan. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp. dichotoma
Habitat. Open wet places.
Fimbristylis alboviridis C.B. Clarke Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Very common All over the country.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen; C: Bangkok. Distribution. Tropical, subtropical, warm-temperate regions
Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines. worldwide.
Habitat. Dry grassy places at low altitude. Habitat. Grassy waysides, cultivated ground, rice elds, in
plantations, swamps, savannahs, up to 1,500 m alt.
Fimbristylis anisoclada Ohwi
Habit. Herb. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp. podocarpa (Nees
Region. SE: Trat. & Meyen ex Nees) T. Koyama
Distribution. Vietnam, Java, Sulawesi. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open wet places, under 50 m alt. Region. C: Bangkok.
Fimbristylis aphylla Steud. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, India,
Habit. Herb. Sri Lanka, Indochina, SE China, Ryukyu Is, Malesia,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Micronesia, N Australia.
Phayao. Habitat. Wet grasslands, wet waysides, in forest openings.
Distribution. India, Indochina, W Malesia. Fimbristylis dictyocolea S.T. Blake
Habitat. Open wet places, 300-1,500 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Fimbristylis argentea (Rottb.) Vahl Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Cambodia, New Guinea.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, C: Bangkok; P: Surat Thani, Habitat. Open or shaded wet places, at low altitude.

Fimbristylis dipsacea (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke Satun, Songkhla.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, W Malesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Nakhon Habitat. Grasslands at low altitude.
Phanom; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Chai Nat, Lop Buri, Fimbristylis gracilenta Hance
Saraburi, Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, W Malesia, Japan, Ussuri. Region. N: Phitsanulok, NE: Loei, Udon Thani, Nakhon
Habitat. River banks, margins of lakes, swamps at low Phanom, Ubon Ratchathani; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
altitude. Chumphon; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Fimbristylis disticha Boeck. Songkhla.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. S China, Indochina, Sumatra.
Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Satun. Habitat. Savannah, open areas in forests, 50-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Mergui Is,Andaman Is, S China, Fimbristylis grifthii Boeck.
Indochina, N Sumatra. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open sandy grasslands, to 1,400 m alt. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Fimbristylis dura (Zoll. & Moritzi) Merr. Chumphon.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India,Andaman Is, Myanmar, Malesia.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Swampy places at low altitude.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Java, Borneo. Fimbristylis hookeriana Boeck.
Habitat. Grassy places in open forest, to 600 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Fimbristylis eragrostis (Nees & Mey.) Hance Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok,
Habit. Herb. Phetchabun; NE: Loei, Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon,
Region. All over the country. Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P:
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, S China, Taiwan, Songkhla.
Malesia, N Australia. Distribution. India, Laos, Vietnam, China.
Habitat. Grassy hillsides, savannah forests, coastal forests, Habitat. Open forest, rocky ground, 300-1,200 m alt.
dunes, up to 1,800 m alt. Fimbristylis insignis Thwaites
Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Phayao; NE: Loei, Udon Thani, Sakhon
Region. NE: Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; SW: Nakhon; C: Nakhon Nayok; E: Surin, Roi Et; SE:
Kanchanaburi. Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Trang, Satun, Songkhla,
Distribution. Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia. Pattani.
Habitat. Open grasslands, to 1,000 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Indochina, S China, Malesia, N
Australia.
Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl Habitat. Burnt-over grasslands, rock outcrops, to 1,300 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; Samut Fimbristylis jucunda (C.B. Clarke) J. Kern
Prakan; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Rayong, Habit. Herb.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Satun, Region. Nong Khai; Nakhon Phanom.
Narathiwat. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Pantropical. Habitat. Open wet sandy ground, 200 m alt.
Habitat. Margins of brackish swamps, open wet areas near sea. Fimbristylis kernii T. Koyama
Fimbristylis mbristyloides (F.V. Muell.) Druce Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Maha Distribution. Cambodia.
Sarakham, E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi. Habitat. Dry open ground , on wet rocks, 1,000-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Ryukyu Is, Korea, Malesia, N Fimbristylis leptoclada Benth.
Australia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Seasonally wet areas. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun.
Fimbristylis fusca (Nees) C.B. Clarke Distribution. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, S China, Malesia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Dry sandy places, 50 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei, Udon Thani, Fimbristylis merrillii J. Kern
Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Ratchaburi, Habit. Herb.
Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan;
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, NE: Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin; SE: Prachin Buri.
Songkhla. Distribution. S China, Malesia, Australia.
Distribution. N India, Nepal, Indochina, S China, Japan, Habitat. Grassy areas, forest oors, rice elds, up to 600 m
Malesia. alt.
Habitat. Grasslands, grassy hillsides, to 1,300 m alt.
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl
Fimbristylis fuscoides C.B. Clarke Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Common All over the country.
Region. NE: Loei, Udon Thani, Nong Khai; E: Roi Et; C: Distribution. Tropical, subtropical regions worldwide.
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chon Buri; P: Phangnga, Pattani, Habitat. Rice elds, wet places, low to medium altitude.
102 1
Fimbristylis nelmesii J. Kern Fimbristylis rigidula Nees
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Kamphaeng Phet,
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Nakhon Sawan; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
Habitat. Wet sandy places. Distribution. N India, Nepal, the Philippines, S China.
Fimbristylis nutans (Retz.) Vahl Habitat. Open grasslands, deciduous forests, 300-800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Fimbristylis salbundia (Nees) Kunth
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Surin; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habit. Herb.
Surat Thani, Satun, Pattani, Narathiwat. Region. NE: Loei, Udon Thani.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia, N Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malesia.
Australia, S China, Ryukyu Is. Habitat. Emergent herb in shallow water of swampy places,
Habitat. Wet grasslands, forest oors, rice elds, brackish up to 1,300 m alt.
marshes, up to 300 m alt. Fimbristylis savannicola J. Kern
Fimbristylis obtusata (C.B. Clarke) Ridl. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Yala. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Habitat. Savannah, 1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Grassy places, at low altitude. Fimbristylis schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl
Fimbristylis ovata (Burm.f.) J. Kern Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Maha
Region. Common all over the country. Sarakham, Khon Kaen; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE:
Distribution. Pantropical in Asia to C Japan. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi,
Habitat. Open grasslands, coastal rock outcrops, to 400 m Songkhla.
alt. Distribution. India, Malesia, N Australia, SE China, Taiwan.
Fimbristylis parvilenta T. Koyama Habitat. Grasslands, rice elds, forest oors, up to 700 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Fimbristylis sericea R. Br.
Region. E: Roi Et. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; SE:
Habitat. Wet places, in shallow water, ca 150 m alt. Rayong; P: Chumphon, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Fimbristylis pauciora R. Br. Distribution. India, Indochina, S China, Taiwan, Japan, W
Habit. Herb. Malesia, N Australia.
Region. N: Lampang; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Habitat. Sea-shores, on sandunes.
Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Throughout the region. Fimbristylis sleumeri J. Kern
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Ryukyu Is, Malesia, Habit. Herb.
Caroline Is, Australia. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. Wet grasslands, savannahs, forest oors, swamp Distribution. Endemic.
margins at low altitude. Habitat. Swampy grasslands, pine savannah, 1,300 m alt.
Fimbristylis phaeolepis J. Kern Fimbristylis smitinandii T. Koyama
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Sandy soil in savannah grasslands, to 1,300 m alt. Habitat. Sandy soil, edge of sand stone rocks, 100 m alt.
Fimbristylis polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br. Fimbristylis spicigera J. Kern
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Samut Sakhon; SE: Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom.
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Pattani. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, S Asia, Malesia, N Australia. Habitat. Sandy river banks, 200 m alt.
Habitat. Open, moist, saline places, sandy ground near the Fimbristylis subalata J. Kern
sea, swampy areas, mangroves. Habit. Herb.
Fimbristylis prabatensis D.A. Simpson Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Indochina, New Guinea.
Region. NE: Udon Thani. Habitat. Savannah grasslands, below 10 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Fimbristylis straminea Turrill
Habitat. Over rocks on margin of dry deciduous dipterocarp Habit. Herb.
forest, ca 200 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun; E: Loei.
Fimbristylis psammophila J. Kern Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Wet grassy places in forest, 350-1,100 m alt.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom. Fimbristylis tenuicula Boeck.
Habitat. Sandy river banks, 200 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi.

Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam. Distribution. Macao, S China, Ryukyu Is, Indochina,
Habitat. Wet forest oors. Malesia.
Fimbristylis tetragona R. Br. Habitat. Dry places near coast, grassls, forest margins, to
Habit. Herb. 1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Surin; P: Trang, Satun. Hypolytrum nemorum (Vahl) Spreng.
Distribution. India, N Australia, S China, Taiwan. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open swamps, moist grassy places, 50-500 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon
Fimbristylis thomsonii Boeck. Ratchathani; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi,
Habit. Herb. Trat; P: Throughout the region.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Polynesia, Taiwan.
Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Habitat. Evergreen forest, up to 1,500 m alt.
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Khaosokia caricoides D.A. Simpson, Chayam. & J. Parn.
Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Yala.
Distribution. Tropical Asia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Grassy hillsides, open forests, up to 1,500 m alt. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Fimbristylis trichoides J. Kern Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Limestone cliff, ca 100 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri. Kobresia curvirostris (C.B. Clarke) C.B. Clarke
Habitat. Shallow water in open bog pools, growing with Region. N: Chiang Mai.
mosses, up to 1,300 m alt. Distribution. India.
Fimbristylis trichophylla Ridl. var. erecta Holttum ex J. Kern Habitat. On limestone, 1,900-2,200 m alt.
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Tropics, subtropics , warm temperate regions.
Habitat. Limestone rocks, open dry habitats, 50-250 m alt. Habitat. Wet to dry grasslands, waysides, rice elds, forest
Fimbristylis tristachya R. Br. plantations, near seashore, to 1,500 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Kyllinga melanosperma Nees subsp. melanosperma
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum, Roi Et; SE: Chon
Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Habit. Herb.
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Songkhla. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. India, Indochina, Malesia, Micronesia, N Australia. Distribution. Tropical & subtropical Africa, India,
Habitat. Open wet grassy elds, teak forests, to 1,120 m alt. Indochina, Malesia.
Fimbristylis umbellaris (Lam.) Vahl Habitat. Grassland, marshy places, forest oors,
Habit. Herb. 1,000-1,700 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Kyllinga melanosperma Nees subsp. bifolia (Miq.) Karth.
Distribution. India, Indochina, S China, Ryukyu Is.,
Malesia, Micronesia, Polynesia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open swamps, wet grassy places, rice elds, up to Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
1,000 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Bali, New Guinea.
Fimbristylis yunnanensis C.B. Clarke Habitat. Open or shaded wet grassy elds, 200-2,100 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Dandy ex
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun. Hutch. & Dalziel
Distribution. China. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open or shaded, rocky slopes, 400-1,000 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb. Distribution. Pantropical.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Grasslands, waysides, margins of forest, up to
Region. All over the country. 1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Old World tropics, subtropics. Kyllinga odorata Vahl subsp. cylindrica (Nees) T. Koyama
Habitat. Swampy places, wet grasslands, river-banks, margins
of ponds , rice elds, to 1,000 m alt.

Habit. Herb.
Fuirena umbellata Rottb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Sakon
Habit. Herb. Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Ratchaburi.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, S China,
Distribution. Pantropical. Taiwan, Malesia.
Habitat. Wet or swampy places, up to 1,800 m alt. Habitat. Open grasslands, waysides, 70-1,200 m alt.
Gahnia tristis Nees Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth
Region. NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Trang, Songkhla. Region. P: Phuket, Songkhla.
104 1
Distribution. Native to Africa, Sri Lanka, Malesia, Pacic Is. Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien
Habitat. Open grassy places, 50 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Kyllinga triceps Rottb. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si
Habit. Herb. Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Nakon Distribution. Nicobar Is, Malesia, Solomon Is, New
Sakhon; E: Si Sa Ket; SW: Kanchanaburi. Hebrides.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Indochina, S China. Habitat. Evergreen forests, up to 300 m alt.
Habitat. Wet or semi-dry sandy ground, 100-500 m alt. Mapania enodis (Miq.) C.B. Clarke
Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Region. C: Bangkok; P: Chumphon; Phangnga, Nakhon Si Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Borneo.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, SE Habitat. Stream margins in evergreen forests, 50-100 m alt.
China, Malesia, Micronesia, Australia, New Caledonia, Mapania kurzii C.B. Clarke
Fiji. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Coastal , inl, swamp , swamp forest, to 100 m alt. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Trang, Songkhla.
Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) J. Kern Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forests, 100-900 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Sakhon Nakhon, Mapania meditensis D.A. Simpson
Nakhon Phanom; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakon Ratchasima; P: Habit. Herb.
Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Satun, Songkhla. Region. P: Trang.
Distribution. The Old World tropics , subtropics. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habitat. Open marshy places, rice elds, wet soil in forest Habitat. Evergreen forest, 100 m alt.
clearings, to 1,800 m alt.
Mapania palustris (Hassk. ex Steud.) Fern. Vill. & Naves
Lipocarpha hemisphaerica (Roth) Goetgh. var. palustris
Habit. Herb. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Region. P: Trang, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Ratchasima. Distribution. Malesia, Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea,
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India. Solomon Is, New Hebrides.
Habitat. On wet land, 300-400 m alt. Habitat. Wet areas in primary , secondary forest, 50-200 m alt.
Lipocarpha microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth Mapania palustris (Hassk. ex Steud.) Fern. Vill. & Naves
Habit. Herb. var. andamanica (C.B. Clarke) D.A. Simpson
Region. NE: Maha Sarakham; SE: Prachinburi.
Distribution. Japan, S Korea, Taiwan, S China, Myanmar, Habit. Herb.
Malesia, Australia. Region. Ranong, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Habitat. Wet grasslands, pond margins, river banks, rice Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Songhkla.
elds, up to 100 m alt. Distribution. Andaman Is, Peninsular Malaysia.
Lipocarpha pygmaea J. Kern Habitat. Wet evergreen forest, 100-400 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Mapania tenuiscapa C.B. Clarke
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Habit. Herb.
Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen. Region. E: Chanthaburi, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong,
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia. Surat Thani, Phuket, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Open ground. Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Lipocarpha sphacelata (Vahl) Kunth Philippines.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forests, up to 400 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi. Pycreus diaphanus (Schrad. ex Roem. & Schultes)
Distribution. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar.
Habitat. Open wet ground, margins of swamps, up to 100 m alt.
S. Hooper & T. Koyama
Habit. Herb.
Lipocarpha squarrosa (L.) Goetgh. Region. NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. C Asia, India, Nepal, W Malesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Sakon Habitat. Savanna, grassy forest oors, 50-1,300 m alt.
Nakhon, Maha Sarakham; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malaysia.
Pycreus avidus (Retz.) T. Koyama
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open, wet, sandy or clay soils, to 450 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae, Tak;
Mapania bancana (Miq.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D. Jackson NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; SW:
Habit. Herb. Kanchanaburi.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Distribution. Old World tropic, temperate regions.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Habitat. Wet places, rice elds, margins of rivers, swamps,
Sulawesi, New Guinea. ponds, 100-1,700 m alt.
Habitat. Peatswamp forest, up to 10 m alt.

Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. Phatthalung, Satun, Songkhla.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Japan, China, Indochina, India, Sri Lanka,
Region. N: Nan; NE: Kalasin, Khon Kaen; E: Surin, Roi Et; Malesia.
SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; SE & P: Habitat. Open, wet grasslands, swamps, bogs, up to 1,300
Throughout the regions. m alt.
Distribution. Tropics, subtropics, warm temperate regions Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton
worldwide. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Moist or dry ground, sandy soil near seashores, Region. E: Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon
grassy elds, waysides, river banks, to 1,650 m alt. Nayok, Nonthaburi, Bangkok; SE & P: Throughout the
Pycreus pumilus (L.) Nees ex C.B. Clarke subsp. pumilus regions.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Pantropical.
Region. Common All over the country. Habitat. Swamps, muddy river banks, rice elds, to 1,000 m
Distribution. India, S China, Taiwan, Malesia, Australia. alt.
Habitat. Wet to semi-dry grassy places, sandy soil, to 1,300 Rhynchospora gracillima Thwaites & Hook.
m alt. Habit. Herb.
Pycreus pumilus (L.) Nees ex C.B. Clarke subsp. Region. NE: Loei.
membranaceus (Vahl) T. Koyama Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, SE China, Malesia, Australia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Openings in secondary forest, wet grassland,
Region. N: Chiang Mai. 900-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka. Rhynchospora hirticeps (Kk.) T. Koyama
Habitat. Wet to semi-dry grassy places, sandy soil, to 1,300 Habit. Herb.
m alt. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE:
Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl) Nees ex C.B. Clarke Chanthaburi; P: Phatthalung, Satun, Songkhla.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Malesia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan; NE: Habitat. Open savanna grasslands, to 1,200 m alt.
Phetchabun, Nakhon Phanom, Khon Kaen; E: Rhynchospora hookeri Boeck.
Chaiyaphum. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, W Malesia, Region. N: Chiang Rai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin
China, Japan, Australia. Buri; P: Surat Thani, Trang.
Habitat. Grassy elds, ditches, swamps, rice elds, Distribution. India, Vietnam, W. Malesia.
600-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Marshes, edges of streams, to 300 m alt.
Pycreus stramineus (Nees) C.B. Clarke Rhynchospora longisetis R. Br.
Region. P: Phuket. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Maha
Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, S Myanmar, Sarakham, Khon Kaen; E: Surin, Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Krabi.
Habitat. Wet grassy places, rice elds. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Malesia,
Pycreus sulcinux (C.B. Clarke) C.B. Clarke Australia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Wet savanna grassland, thickets, to 100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin, Khon Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale subsp. brownii (Roem.
Kaen; SE: Trat. & Schult.) T. Koyama
Distribution. India, Indochina, SE China, Taiwan, Australia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open semi-dry ground, up to 500 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Pycreus unioloides (R. Br.) Urban Distribution. Old World tropics.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Marshy grasslands, boggy places, 1,000-2,600 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Lop Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino
Buri. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Pantropical, Asia to C Japan. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Grassy elds, swamps, river banks, to 1,700 m alt. Distribution. India, Vietnam, S China, C Japan, Malesia,
Remirea maritima Aubl. Australasia, Pacic Is.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Wet or semi-dry grasslands, hillsides, waysides, to
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: 1,300 m alt.
Surat Thani, Satun, Pattani. Rhynchospora submarginata Kk.
Distribution. Pantropical. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Sandy seashores, often growing in large colonies Region. E: Roi Et; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
on sides of dunes. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Nakhon Si
Rhynchospora chinensis Nees & Mey. ex Nees Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Vietnam, Malesia, N Australia.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin; C: Habitat. Open grassy areas, up to 150 m alt.
Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Schoenoplectus articulatus (L.) Palla
Chumphon, Krabi, Trang, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Herb.
106 1
Region. NE: Maha Sarakham; C: Bangkok; SW: Scirpodendron ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr.
Ratchaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Mediterranean region, Africa, India, Sri Region. P: Phangnga, Narathiwat.
Lanka, SE China, Malesia, N Australia. Distribution. Sri Lanka, N Australia, Polynesia.
Habitat. Marshy places, rice elds, up to ca 100 m alt. Habitat. Coastal swamp forest, behind mangroves.
Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla Scirpus ternatanus Reinw. ex Miq.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SW: Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan.
Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Distribution. S Asia, S China, Malesia.
Trat; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Songkhla. Habitat. Wet places in oak-laurel forest, to 1,700 m alt.
Distribution. Madagascar, India, China Japan, Indochina,
Malesia, Australia, Micronesia, Fiji, Hawaii.
Scirpus wichurai Boeck
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Fresh water places, rice elds, river banks, margins
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
of lakes, pools, swamps, up to 2,000 m alt.
Distribution. Himalayas, S China, Japan.
Schoenoplectus littoralis (Schrad.) Palla subsp. subulatus Habitat. Forest swamps, river banks, marshy places,
(Vahl) T. Koyama 1,300-2,000 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Scleria benthamii C.B. Clarke
Region. SW: Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Habit. Herb.
Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Songkhla. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Malesia, Australia, Ryukyu Distribution. India, Philippines , Australia.
Is., Micronesia. Habitat. Open forest, grasslands, 900-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Brackish water, in large communities.
Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla Scleria biora Roxb. subsp. biora
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Songkhla.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Distribution. India , Sri Lanka, S China, W Malesia.
Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Nakhon Habitat. Wet grasslands, swamps, wet scrub, rice elds, up
Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat. to 900 m alt.
Distribution. S Europe, Africa, India, Malesia, Australia.
Habitat. Swamps, ditches, rice elds, open wet places, up to Scleria biora Roxb. subsp. ferruginea (Ohwi) J. Kern
2,000 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla subsp. lateriorus
Region. SE: Prachin Buri.
(J.F. Gmel.) Sojk Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Indochina, Ryukyu Is.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open, wet grassland at low altitude.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Bangkok; P: Phuket.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, S China, Taiwan, Malesia N Scleria ciliaris Nees
Australia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Wet places, rice elds, at low altitude. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Chanthaburi; P: Throughout the region.
Schoenus calostachyus (R. Br.) Poir. Distribution. Myanmar, SE China, Malesia, Australia,
Habit. Herb. Solomon Is.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Ranong. Surat Habitat. Forest oors, grasslands, up to 1,100 m alt.
Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Pattani,
Narathiwat. Scleria corymbosa Roxb.
Distribution. Ryukyu Is., Indochina, Malesia, Australia, Habit. Herb.
Micronesia. Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Songkhla.
Habitat. Grasslands, on podsolic, up to 1,200 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, SE China, W
Malesia.
Schoenus falcatus R. Br. Habitat. Wet or swampy forest oors, open places, up to
Habit. Herb. 400 m alt.
Region. E: Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi;
C: Lop Buri, P: Surat Thani, Satun. Scleria kerrii Turrill
Distribution. Ryukyu Is., Malesia, N. Australia, Solomon Is. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Grasslands, river banks, sandy soil, up to 50 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak;
NE: Loei; P: Krabi; Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Schoenus punctatus R. Br. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Forests, 100-700 m alt.
Region. Peninsular.
Distribution. New Guinea, N Australia, Guam. Scleria levis Retz.
Habitat. Savannah forests. Habit. Herb.
Schoenus smitinandii T. Koyama Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, C Japan, Malesia,
Habit. Herb. Australia, New Caledonia.
Region. E: Roi Et. Habitat. Grasslands, open forests, rice elds, to 1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Wet ground, 150 m alt.

Scleria lithosperma (L.) Swartz subsp. lithosperma Habitat. Fresh water swamps, forest swamps, in large
communities, to 500 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Scleria psilorrhiza C.B. Clarke
Distribution. Pantropical. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan; C:
Habitat. Semi-dry open grassy places, margins of forests, Saraburi; P: Krabi.
near coast, to 1,000 m alt. Distribution. India, Indochina, Malesia, N Australia.
Scleria lithosperma (L.) Swartz subsp. linearis (Benth.) Habitat. Wet savannah grassland at low altitude.
T. Koyama Scleria purpurascens Steud.
Region. NE: Nakhom Phanom; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Region. SE: Chanthaburi; Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong,
Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Trat. Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Australia. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Semi-dry open grassy places, margins of forests, Habitat. Secondary forest, thicket, swampy grasslands.
near coast, to 1,000 m alt.
Scleria rugosa R. Br.
Scleria mikawana Makino Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. C: Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Distribution. India , Sri Lanka, Indochina, S China, Japan,
Distribution. Old World tropics, subtropics. Malesia, Micronesia, Australia, New Caledonia.
Habitat. Open wet grasslands, lakeshores, stream mar- Habitat. Open, wet grasslands, rice elds, up to 500 m alt.
gins,scrub, to 1,300 m alt.
Scleria scrobiculata Nees & Mey. ex Nees
Scleria neesii Kunth Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
Region. E: Surin, Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Satun.
P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Trang, Satun. Distribution. Andaman Is, Malesia, Micronesia, Samoa.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Wet forest oors , thickets, 50-1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Wet sandy soil of savannah scrub, open forests, to
130 m alt.
Scleria sumatrensis Retz.
Habit. Herb.
Scleria oblata S.T. Blake Region. SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Phuket, Phangnga,
Habit. Herb. Narathiwat.
Region. C: Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, S China, Taiwan, Malesia, N
Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Australia.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Habitat. Thickets, forests, forest openings, swampy
Narathiwat. grasslands, up to 500 m alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, S
China, Malesia.
Scleria terrestris (L.) Fassett
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Open wet grassland & forests, thickets, to 700 m
Region. Troughout the country.
alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Malesia,
Scleria parvula Steud. Australia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Forest oors, thickets, wet grasslands, to 2,000 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina,
Scleria tessellata Willd.
Habit. Herb.
SE China, C Japan, Malesia.
Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon; E: Surin.
Habitat. Open grasslands & forests, swamps, 1,000-1,200 m
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India.
alt.
Habitat. Wet open grassy places at low altitude.
Scleria pergracilis (Nees) Kunth Scleria thwaitesiana Boeck.
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Buri.
Region. NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Phuket, Surat Thani, Satun.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Bangladesh, Indochina,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia.
SE China, Malesia.
Habitat. Wet, open grasslands, to 1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Grasslands, margin of swamps, marshes, 50-1,100
m alt. Scleria tonkinensis C.B. Clarke
Habit. Herb.
Scleria poaeformis Retz. Region. NE: Phetchabun, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom;
Habit. Herb.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket; SE: Prachin Buri,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Sawan;
Chanthaburi, Rayong, Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani,
E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Roi Et; SE:
Krabi, Trang.
Chanthaburi; C: Pra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya; P: Chumphon,
Distribution. Indochina, S China.
Surat Thani, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Grasslands, deciduous forest, thickets, up to 100 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, SE China, N
Australia.
108 1
Trichophorum subcapitatum (Thwaites & Hook.) D.A. Distribution. China, Vietnam, Laos.
Simpson Habitat. Montane forest, 900-1,300 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Uses. The tuber is a source of a tannin.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Dioscorea collettii Hook.f.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Indochina, S China, Habit. Climber.
Taiwan, Malesia. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Boggy places, wet rocks, streamsides, 1,000 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China.
Tricostularia undulata (Thwaites) J. Kern Habitat. In open areas in montane forests, 1,450-1,500 m
Habit. Herb. alt.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Dioscorea craibiana Prain & Burkill
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Pattani. Habit. Climber.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia, N Australia. Region. N: Tak, Kamphaeng Phet, Phrae; NE: Loei; E:
Habitat. Open forest, s,stone outcrops, to 1,500 m alt. Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri,
Chanthaburi.
Dioscoreaceae Distribution. Endemic.
Dioscorea alata L. Habitat. Open areas in deciduous and evergreen forests,
Habit. Herbaceous climber. often on limestone substrates, to 650 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Dioscorea daunea Prain & Burkill
Distribution. SE Asian origin, now pantropically cultivated Habit. Herbaceous climber.
for its tuber. Region. N: Lampang, Khamphaeng Phet; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Open degraded and disturbed areas, mixed Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Trat; P:
deciduous, pine and dry evergreen forests, to 1,250 m alt. Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Uses. Tubers are as an alternative starch source to rice. Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang.
Dioscorea arachidna Prain & Burkill Distribution. Myanmar.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to 1,400 m alt.
Region. Most regions, but rare in the peninsular. Uses. Tubers said to be edible when boiled or steamed
Distribution. NE India, Indochina. without pre-preparation other than peeling.
Habitat. Open and disturbed areas, also on limestone hill, to Dioscorea decipiens Hook.f.
1,250 m alt. Habit. Herbaceous climber.
Uses. Tubers and bulbils are may be eaten. Region. Most regions except in the peninsular.
Dioscorea birmanica Prain & Burkill Distribution. S China, India, Myanmar, Laos.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Habitat. Open and disturbed areas, to 1,250 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Tak; Uses. Tubers edible.
Phitsanulok; C: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. Dioscorea depauperata Prain & Burkill
Distribution. Myanmar, China. Habit. Climber.
Habitat. Lower montane forest, 50-600 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Sa Kaeo.
Uses. Rhizomes are edible, very brous. Distribution. Laos.
Dioscorea brevipetiolata Prain & Burkill Habitat. Open vegetation on limestone, 100-500 m alt.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE & E Throughout the regions; Habit. Climber.
C: Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang,
Distribution. Vietnam and Cambodia. Phitsanulok; NE: Nong Bua Lamphu, Mukdahan; E:
Habitat. Open areas in deciduous dipterocarp and mixed Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; C: Saraburi; SE:
deciduous forests, mostly on sandstone, to 600 m alt. Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Uses. Tubers are edible. Distribution. SE Asian, New Guinea, Madagascar, Pacics.
Dioscorea bulbifera L. Habitat. Open and cultivated areas, to 500 m alt.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Uses. The tubers are edible.
Region. All over the country. Dioscorea liformis Blume
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia and Madagascar, Habit. Climber.
introduced to the New World. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Uttaradit, Tak, Kamphaeng
Habitat. In old clearings and disturbed areas, to 1,400 m alt. Phet; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Mukdahan; E: Chaiyaphum;
Uses. Underground part is used as a food. Bulbils are used SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Saraburi; SE: Sa
medicinally. Kaeo; P: Throghout the region.
Dioscorea calcicola Prain & Burkill Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java,
Habit. Climber. Philippines.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang. Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, sometimes in mixed
Distribution. Malaysia. deciduous forest, 100-1,650 m alt.
Habitat. On limestone, to 200 m alt. Uses. Tubers said to be edible when boiled or roasted.
Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour. Dioscorea garrettii Prain & Burkill
Habit. Climber. Habit. Herbaceous climber.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Nan, Lampang, Uttaradit.

Distribution. S China. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 300-500 m alt.
Habitat. Open areas in mixed deciduous and montane Uses. Possibly used as a source of tannin in Malaysia.
forests, on limestone, 500- 1,200 m alt. Dioscorea membranacea Pierre ex Prain & Burkill
Dioscorea glabra Roxb. Habit. Herbaceous climber.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Region. Most regions except lower peninsular.
Region. Al over country. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. S and SE Asia, S China to Peninsular Habitat. Open areas in deciduous and evergreen forests,
Malaysia. often on limestone, 50-800 m alt.
Habitat. Open areas in deciduous and evergreen forests, Dioscorea orbiculata Hook.f. var. tenuifolia (Ridl.)
outcrop vegetation, beach forest, and margins of swampy
areas, to 1,500 m alt.
Thapyai
Habit. Herbaceous climber.
Uses. The tubers are highly brous and are eaten.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
Dioscorea gracilipes Prain & Burkill Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Climber. Habitat. Evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, 50-200 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi. Uses. Tuber edible.
Habitat. On rugged limestone, to 200 m alt.
Dioscorea oryzetorum Prain & Burkill
Dioscorea hamiltonii Hook.f. Region. N: Phitsanulok; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chanthaburi.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Distribution. Laos.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Nan, Habitat. Open areas and cultivated areas, to ca 200 m alt.
Uttaradit; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi; Uses. Tubers edible.
SE: Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong,
Surat Thani.
Dioscorea paradoxa Prain & Burkill
Distribution. India, S China, Taiwan, Myanmar.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri.
Habitat. Open areas on limestone, 400-1,250 m alt.
Distribution. Vietnam.
Uses. Tuber edible when boiled.
Habitat. Open areas on limestone, 100-300 m alt.
Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Dioscorea pentaphylla L.
Distribution. Tropics and subtropics, from India to N
Distribution. Tropical Asia to New Guinea, Australia,
Australia.
Pacics.
Habitat. Open areas in deciduous and evergreen forests, to
Habitat. Open and disturbed areas, 50-1,400 m alt.
1,200 m alt.
Uses. Tubers and bulbils edible.
Uses. Tubers edible.
Dioscorea inopinata Prain & Burkill Dioscorea petelotii Prain & Burkill
Habit. Climber.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Uttaradit; NE: Loei.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Habitat. Open limestone hills, to ca 150 m alt.
Dioscorea kamoonensis Kunth Dioscorea pierrei Prain & Burkill
Region. NE: Mukdahan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan; NE: Mukdahan; E: Ubon
Ubon Ratchathani, Amnat Charoen; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Ratchathani.
C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Sa Kaeo,
Distribution. India, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Chachoengsao, Chon Buri; P: Phangnga, Krabi
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Uses. Both the tubers and bulbils are edible.
Habitat. Open areas in mixed deciduous and deciduous
Dioscorea kerrii Prain & Burkill dipterocarp forests, to 250 m alt.
Habit. Climber. Uses. Tubers are used to quench thirst in the forest.
Dioscorea prazeri Prain & Burkill
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 600-700 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; E: Ubon
Dioscorea kratica Prain & Burkill Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Chai Nat; Saraburi;
Habit. Herbaceous climber. SE: Chon Buri; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat Phuket, Trang.
Distribution. Cambodia. Habitat. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Peninsular
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 300 m alt. Malaysia.
Uses. Tuber edible. Habitat. Open areas in deciduous and evergreen forests, on
Dioscorea laurifolia Wall. ex Hook.f. limestone and sandstone, 100-1650 m alt.
Habit. Climber. Uses. The rhizome is used to make an insecticidal shampoo
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. and sh-poison in India.
Distribution. Malaysia, Vietnam.
110 1
Dioscorea pseudonitens Prain & Burkill Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habit. Climber. Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Lampang. Habitat. Evergreen forest, often on the banks of watercours-
Distribution. Endemic. es, to 500 m alt.
Habitat. Montane pine forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Uses. Fruits edible and as medicinal.
Dioscorea pseudotomentosa Prain & Burkill Dracaenaceae
Region. C: Saraburi. Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Shrub.
Habitat. Open forest and scrub on limestone, 100-200 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; E: Si Sa Ket; SW:
Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Trang.
Dioscorea pyrifolia Kunth Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to N Australia.
Habit. Climber. Habitat. Lower montane rain forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Narathiwat. tropical rain forest, 70-1,700 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, swampy areas, to 700 m alt. Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep.
Habit. Shrub.
Dioscorea rockii Prain & Burkill Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Habit. Climber. Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani, Satun.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phayao, Distribution. S China to Indochina.
Nan, Uttaradit. Habitat. Limestone hill.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000-1,700 m alt. Dracaena cantleyi Baker
Habit. Shrub.
Dioscorea scortechinii Prain & Burkill Region. Unknown locality
Habit. Climber. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Region. N: Nan, Uttaradit; SW: Phetchaburi. Habitat. Limestone hill.
Distribution. China, N Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Sumatra. Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen
Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, 700-1,200 m alt. Habit. Treelike or shrub.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chon Buri.
Dioscorea stemonoides Prain & Burkill Distribution. China, Indochina.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 50-1,700 m alt.
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
Saraburi. Dracaena conferta Ridl.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Tree or shrub.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest on limestone, 200-400 m alt. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Sa Kaeo; P: Satun.
Dioscorea tamarisciora Prain & Burkill Habitat. Freshwater swamp forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Herbaceous climber. tropical rain forest, 0-1,200 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Satun.
Distribution. Malaysia. Dracaena elliptica Thunb. & Dalm.
Habitat. Evergreen forest at low altitude. Habit. Shrub.
Region. P: Trang.
Dioscorea tentaculigera Prain & Burkill Distribution. China, Assam, Bangladesh, Andaman Is.,
Habit. Climber. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Malaya,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW: Kanchanaburi. Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 300-700 m alt.
Dracaena grifthii Regel
Dioscorea velutipes Prain & Burkill Habit. Shrub.
Habit. Climber. Region. Unknown locality.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Indochina.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habitat. Open and disturbed areas, on limestone, 1,600-
1,900 m alt. Dracaena hokouensis G.Z.Ye
Habit. Shrub.
Dioscorea wallichii Hook.f. Region. Unknown locality.
Habit. Herbaceous climber. Distribution. China to Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Habitat. Not recorded.
Lampang, Phitsanulok, Uttaradit, Tak; NE: Phetchabun,
Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Dracaena jayniana Wilkin & Suksathan
Krabi. Habit. Shrub.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Lop Buri.
Habitat. Open areas in deciduous and evergreen forests, Distribution. Endemic.
500-1,050 m alt. F Habitat. On limestone karsts, usually on hilltops rather than
the steep cliff sides, 300-500 m alt.
Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn.
Habit. Climber. Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan
Habit. Shrub.

Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, NE: Loei; C: Lop Buri. Eriocaulon chiangmaiense Praj. & J. Parn.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. On limestone rock, 550-2,000 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. Endemic.
Dracaena pendula Ridl. Habitat. On stream banks, in pine deciduous dipterocarp
Habit. Shrub. forest, 900-1,100 m alt.
Region. Peninsular. Eriocaulon chiangmaiense Praj. & J. Parn. subsp.
Distribution. Andaman Is. to Peninsular Malaysia. leucanthemum Praj. & J. Parn.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest. Habit. Herb.
Dracaena porteri Baker Region. NE: Bueng Kan.
Habit. Shrub. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. Habitat. In wet sandy soil along edge of barren sandstone
Distribution. Malaysia. rocks, 100 m alt.
Habitat. Not recorded. Eriocaulon christopheri Fyson
Dracaena siamica Ridl. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Dwarf shrub. Region. NE: Loei.
Region. Peninsular. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. By streams, grasslands, moist sandy soil, 1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Not recorded. Eriocaulon cinereum R. Br.
Dracaena terniora Roxb. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Shrub. Region. Throuhout the country.
Region. Unknown locality. Distribution. Africa, Afganistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka,
Distribution. China to Tropical Asia. Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Japan, Korea,
Habitat. Not recorded. Indochina, Malesia, Philippines, Australia.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, by streams, 1,300 m alt.
Dracaena umbratica Ridl. Uses. Medicinal.
Habit. Shrub.
Region. Peninsular. Eriocaulon echinulatum Mart.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest. Region. NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon,
Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima,
Dracaena yuccifolia Ridl. Ubon Ratchathani.
Habit. Shrub. Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Japan, Indochina,
Region. Peninsular. Malaysia, Philippines.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Rice elds, grasslands, rocky ground, sandy soil,
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest. 100-1,300 m alt.
Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon escape B. Hansen
Habit. Herb.
Eriocaulon alatum Lecomte Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom,
Habitat. Wet places, grasslands, pine forest, sandy soil,
Khon Kaen; E: Ubon Ratchathani.
1,200-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, Philippines.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, grasslands, sandy soil, Eriocaulon hamiltonianum Mart. var. acuminatum Praj.
150-400 m alt. & J. Parn.
Eriocaulon bassacense Moldenke Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Sakon
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum.
Habitat. Moist places, grasslands, moist sandy soil, by Habitat. Common on sandy soils in open marshy places, by
streams, 350-1,400 m alt. streams, in muddy places, deciduous dipterocarp forest,
210-1,000 m alt.
Eriocaulon brownianum Mart.
Habit. Herb. Eriocaulon heterolepis Steud.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, S China, Vietnam, Indonesia. Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon.
Habitat. Moist places, grasslands, moist sandy soil, by Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina.
streams, 800-1,300 m alt. Habitat. Wet places, grasslands, moist sandy soil, 300 m alt.
Eriocaulon chantaranothaii Praj. & J. Parn. Eriocaulon hookerianum Stapf.

Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Common on sandysoils in open marshy places or Habitat. Open land, 1,400 m alt.
on the borders of barren sandstone rocks, 120-500 m alt.
112 1
Eriocaulon kradungse Satake Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Distribution. Endemic.
Ratchasima, Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani. Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places or near
Distribution. India, Indochina. paddy elds.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, grasslands, sandy soil, Eriocaulon phuphanense Praj. & J. Parn.
rocky ground, by streams, 350-1,300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Eriocaulon minimum Lam. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon.
Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, Khon Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, 210-600 m alt.
Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani. Eriocaulon phuphanoides Praj. & J. Parn.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, grasslands, sandy soil, Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E:
rocky ground, by streams, 150-1,300 m alt. Ubon Ratchathani.
Eriocaulon nakayense T. Koyama Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Common on the borders of barren sandstone rocks
Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan, Kalasin; E: or sandy soils, open marshy places, 210-1,000 m alt.
Ubon Ratchathani. Eriocaulon quinquangulare L. subsp. longibracteatum
Praj. & J. Parn.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, grasslands, sandy soil,
Habit. Herb.
rocky ground, by streams, 250-1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei, Sakon
Eriocaulon nautiliformoides Praj. & J. Parn. Nakhon, Khon Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Ubon Ratchathani. Habitat. Common on sandy soils in open marshy places,
Distribution. Endemic. 100-900 m alt.
Habitat. On the borders of barren sandstone rocks or paddy
elds, in open marshy places, on sandy soil, deciduous
Eriocaulon setaceum L.
Habit. Herb.
dipterocarp forest, 150-500 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima,
Eriocaulon nautiliformoides Praj. & J. Parn. var. Ubon Ratchathani.
hexagynum Praj. & Chantar. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S China, Japan,
Habit. Herb. Indochina, Malesia, N Australia.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. In ponds, streams, rocky grounds, grasslands,
Distribution. Indochina. sandy soil, 600-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Wet places by streams, grasslands, sandy soil, Eriocaulon sexangulare L. var. australe (R. Br.) Praj. & J. Parn.
1,100-1,300 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Eriocaulon nepalense Prescott & Bong var. luzulifolium Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Trang, Songkhla.
(Mart.) Praj. & J. Parn. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S China, Japan,
Habit. Herb. Indochina, Malesia, N Australia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok; NE: Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, to 400 m alt.
Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Chiayaphum, Ubon Eriocaulon siamense Moldenke
Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. Paddy elds, open marshy places, or on the edges Distribution. Endemic.
of streams, 200-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Wet lands, grasslands, sandy soil, 1,100-1,300 m alt.
Eriocaulon nortiliforme Lecomte Eriocaulon siamense Moldenke var. hexagynum Praj. & Chantar.
Region. NE: Surin; E: Ubon Ratchathani. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, sandy soil, 100 m alt. Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, and
Eriocaulon parnellii Praj. & Chantar. deciduous dipterocarp forest.
Habit. Herb. Eriocaulon siamense Moldenke var. macrophyllum Praj.
Region. NE: Loei. & J. Parn.
Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, 1,300 m. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei.
Eriocaulon phatamense Praj. & Chantar. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places in pine
Region. NE: Mukdahan; E: Ubon Ratchathani. deciduous dipterocarp forest, 1,000-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Eriocaulon smitinandii Moldenke
Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, 150 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Eriocaulon phuchongense Praj. & Chantar. Region. NE: Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E: Ubon
Ratchathani.

Distribution. Endemic. Region. Cultivated.
Habitat. Moist places, rice elds, grasslands, sandy soil, Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela, Lesser Antilles.
150 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Eriocaulon thailandicum Moldenke Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Bolivia to Columbia.
Habitat. Grasslands, sandy soil, 150 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Eriocaulon truncatum Buch.-Ham. Hemerocallidaceae
Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC.
Ratchasima, Surin, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. S China (Hainan), Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia, Region. All over the country.
Philippines. Distribution. Madagascar, India, S China, E & SE Asia,
Habitat. Moist places, grasslands, by streams, sandy soil, Australia, Pacics Islands.
100-600 m alt. Habitat. All forest types, to 2,000 m alt.
Eriocaulon ubonense Lecomte subsp. hexagynum Praj. Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L.
& Chantar. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Cultivated.
Region. NE: Udon Thani; E: Ubon Ratchathani. Distribution. S Europe to Russia, Chin, Japan.
Distribution. Endemic. Uses. Ornamental, owers are used in traditional medicine
Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, 500 m alt. and food.
Eriocaulon ubonense Lecomte f. kradungense (Satake) Hydrocharitaceae
Praj. & J. Parn. Blyxa aubertii A. Rich. var. aubertii
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Si Sa Ket. Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. North America, Africa, Tropical Asia.
Habitat. On sandy soils in open marshy places, 550-1,300 m alt. Habitat. Pools, streams and lakes, to 1,000 m alt.
Eriocaulon xenopodion T. Koyama Blyxa aubertii A. Rich. var. echinosperma (Clarke) Cook
Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon.
& Lnd
Habit. Aquatic herb.
Region. SE: Trat, Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Moist places, grasslands, sandy soil, 400-600 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical Asia.
Flagellariaceae Habitat. Rice elds, pools, streams and lakes, to 1,300 m alt.
Flagellaria indica L. Blyxa quadricostata Hartog
Habit. Climber. Habit. Aquatic herb.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat, Rayong; P: Chumphon, Region. NE: Loei; P: Phangnga
Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Distribution. Myanmar.
Narathiwat. Habitat. Pools, streams and lakes, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, N Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle
Australia. Habit. Aquatic herb.
Habitat. In mangrove and tidal forests. Region. P: Phuket.
Distribution. Indian Ocean and the Pacic Islands.
Hanguanaceae Habitat. Sea coasts from low tide mark to depths of 4 m.
Hanguana malayana (Jack) Merr. Halophila decipiens Ostenf.
Region. P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Region. SE: Trat; P: Phuket.
Satun, Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat. Distribution. Pantropic.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Malesia. Habitat. In marine habitats from low tide mark to depths of 85 m.
Habitat. Swampy areas and evergreen forest, up to 700 m alt.
Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook.f.
Heliconiaceae Habit. Aquatic herb.
Region. P: Phuket.
Heliconia bihai (L.) L. Distribution. Throughout the Indian Ocean to Australia.
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. All types of substrate to depths of 12 m.
Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Northern South America to Antilles reaching Halophila ovata Gaudich.
Jamaica. Habit. Aquatic herb.
Uses. Ornamental. Region. P: Satun.
Distribution. Indian Ocean to Australia, Marianne Isl.
Heliconia psittacorum L.f. Habitat. In sheltered localities on sandy or muddy substrate
Habit. Herb.
to depths of 2 m.
114 1
Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle Habitat. Sublittoral zone at the lowest tides to depth of 5 m.
Habit. Aquatic herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW: Ratchaburi. Hypoxidaceae
Distribution. Almost cosmopolitan. Curculigo ensifolia R.Br.
Habitat. Fresh or brackish waters of lakes, streams, rivers, Habit. Herb.
rice elds, to 2,000 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; E:
Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi, SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Distribution. India, China, Japan, Australia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Ang Habitat. In deciduous forest, to 1,000 m alt.
Thong, Saraburi. Curculigo latifolia Dryand et Ait.
Distribution. S & SE Asia, Indonesia, New Guinea, N Habit. Herb.
Australia. Region. P: Chumphon, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani.
Habitat. Ponds, lakes, streams, to 1,200 m alt. Distribution. India, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Najas graminea Delile var. graminea Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, to 150 m alt.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Cucurligo megacarpa Ridl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Habit. Herb.
Phangnga Region. E: Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Distribution. North America, Africa, throughout Asia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Fresh water aquatic of lakes, streams, rivers, rice Habitat. Evergreen or scrub forests, to 500 m alt.
elds, to 300 m alt.
Cucurligo orchioides Gaertn.
Najas kingii Rendle Habit. Herb.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Si Sa Ket; C:
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok. Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; SW:
Distribution. India, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines. Kanchanaburi; P: Songkhla.
Habitat. Fresh water aquatic of lakes, streams, rivers, rice Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, China, Cambodia, Indonesia,
elds, to 500 m alt. Philippines.
Najas malesiana W.J. de Wilde Habitat. In deciduous forests, at low alt.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Curculigo villosa (Kurz) Ridl.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. S & SE Asia, Australia. Region. P: Phuket, Trang, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Fresh water aquatic of lakes, streams, rivers, rice Distribution. Malaysia.
elds, to 800 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen or scrub forests, to 200 m alt.
Najas minor Allioni Hypoxis aurea Lour.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; E:
Distribution. North America, Europe, Asia. Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Habitat. Fresh to brackish water aquatic of lakes, streams, Trang.
rivers, rice elds, to 800 m alt. Distribution. India, China, Japan, Malaysia.
Nechamandra alternifolia (Roxb. ex Wight) Thwaites Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to 2,000 m alt.
Habit. Aquatic herb. Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb.
Region. C: Pathum Thani . Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Sudan, Yemen, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi;
SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; C: Saraburi; P: Nakhon
Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Stream, sea level. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, China, Taiwan, Vietnam,
Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Papua New
Habit. Aquatic herb. Guinea.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Evergreen forest, also on limestones, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, S Molineria nlaysoniana Baker
China, Korea, Japan, Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Lakes, streams, diches, permanent pools, weeds in Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak,
rice elds, to 1,200 m alt. Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; NE: Nongkhai, Loei; SW:
Ottelia cordata (Wall.) Dandy Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi; P: Satun.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen. Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, to 750 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, SE China, Cambodia. Molineria gracilis Kurz
Habitat. Lakes, ponds, slowly owing rivers, to 2,000 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. India, Nepal, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines.
Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi. Habitat. In dry evergreen forest, 350-400 m alt.
Distribution. Throughout Indian Ocean to Australia.

Molineria latifolia Herb. ex Kurz Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Floating herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok;SW: Kanchanaburi; Region. All over the country.
SE: Chon Buri; C: Saraburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Distribution. Cosmopolitans.
Trang. Habitat. Rather eutrophic, still water.
Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi, Celebes. Wolfa angusta Landolt
Habitat. Mostly in evergreen forest, to 600 m alt. Habit. Floating herb.
Hyacinthaceae Region. Not recorded.
Distribution. Subtropical and tropical regions of Australia
Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop and western Malaysia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Eutrophic, still water.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Nakhon
Phanom. Wolfa globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & Plas
Distribution. IKenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia, Habit. Floating herb.
Sudan, Mozambique, KwaZulu-Natal, Namibia, Benin, Region. All over the country.
Burkina, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Distribution. Warm temperate, subtropical and tropical
Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, regions of eastern Asia and America.
Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Habitat. Eutrophic, quiet waters.
Vietnam. Liliaceae
Habitat. Deciduous forest or open grassy areas.
Lilium bakerianum Collett & Hemsl.
Iridaceae Habit. Herb.
Iris collettii J. D. Hook. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. S China, Myanmar.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Habitat. In open limestone areas, pine forest; 1500-1800 m.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Lilium primulinum Baker var. burmanicum (W.W. Sm.) Stearn
Habitat. In open, grassy forests and dry grasslands,
500-2,000 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Juncaceae Distribution. S China, Myanmar.
Juncus effusus L. Habitat. In open area in montane forest, 800-1,800 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son. Lomandraceae
Distribution. Cosmopolitans. Thysanotus chinensis Benth.
Habitat. Open wet places in the mountain, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Juncus prismatocarpus R. Br. Region. E: Roi Et; P: Trang.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. S China, Vietnam, New Guinea, Indonesia,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son. Philippines, Australia.
Distribution. From Sri Lanka throughout SE & E Asia, Habitat. On wet, sandy, acid soil at low altitude.
Australia, New Zealand. Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.
Habitat. Open wet grasslands in the mountain, 800-2,100 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Region. Widely cultivated all over the country.
Lemnaceae Distribution. Malesia, Pacic Islands.
Landoltia punctata (G. Mey) Les & D.J. Crawford Habitat. Grown along plantations and in hedges, also
Habit. Floating herb. naturalized around villages, up to 1,500 m alt.
Region. N: Tak; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Phra Nakhon Lowiaceae
Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, Samut Prakan; Orchidantha mbriata Holttum
SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Cosmopolitans. Region. P: Southernmost of Thailand.
Habitat. Rather eutrophic, still water. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. Habitat.
Habit. Floating herb. Orchidantha foetida Jenjitt. & K. Larsen
Distribution. Cosmopolitans. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Mesotrophic to eutrophic, still water. Distribution. Loas.
Lemna tenera Kurz Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, shade areas; 100-200 m alt.
Habit. Floating herb. Orchidantha siamensis K. Larsen
Region. Not recorded. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. S Myanmar, S Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Region. P: Phatthalung, Narathiwat.
N Australia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Oligo- to mesotrophic, still water. Habitat. Evergreen forest near waterfall; below 500 m alt.
116 1
Marantaceae Schumannianthus dichotomus (Roxb.) Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
Donax canniformis (G. Forster) K. Schum. Region. All over the country.
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo.
Distribution. From India, Indochina, Malesia, the Pacic
Habitat. Lowland exposed swampy areas by ponds or rivers
islands.
Uses. Root used to cure neuritis; stem used to weave mats
Habitat. Common in lowland primary and secondary forest,
and used together with Nypa palm leaves for making
often along streams, to 1,000 m alt.
roofs.
Uses. Pseudostem used to weave mats, hats, baskets, shing
traps, leaves used for foods wrapping. Stachyphrynium latifolium (Blume) K. Schum.
Habit. Herb.
Halopegia blumei (Krn.) K. Schum. Region. P: Phuket, Trang, Surat Thani, Phatthalung,
Habit. Herb.
Songkla, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok,
Distribution. Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia.
Kamphaeng Phet; E: Yasothon; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest in light shade.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, Stachyphrynium longispicatum Suksathan & Borchs.
sometimes forming large colonies in marshy exposed areas.
Phrynium hainanense T.L. Wu & S.J. Chen Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Pangnga,
Region. N: Tak. Surat Thani.
Distribution. SE China, N Vietnam. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. In swampy exposed or light shaded areas next to Habitat. Bamboo and lowland secondary forests, to 400 m
stream in primary forest or disturbed forest, 800-900 m alt. alt.
Phrynium hirtum Ridl. Stachyphrynium placentarium (Lour.) Clausager &

Habit. Herb. Borchs.
Region. P: Yala. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest next to streams, to ca Distribution. Widespread in SE Asia.
400 m alt. Habitat. Forming large colonies next to streams, road sides
or disturbed areas, in bamboo and lowland evergreen
Phrynium imbricatum Roxb. forests, up to 1,200 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Uses. Petioles used to weave mats.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Tak,
Kamphaeng Phet, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Stachyphrynium repens (Krn.) Suksathan & Borchs.
Distribution. Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Moist evergreen and hill evergreen forests, by Habit. Herb.
streams, 500-1,600 m alt. Region. SE: Chachoengsao, Chon Buri, Rayong, Trat; P:
Uses. Used for roong, bundling and staring chewing tea Ranong, Pangnga, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
and weaving mats. Phatthalung, Trang, Songkhla, Satun.
Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia.
Phrynium obscurum Teijsm. & Binn. Habitat. In rubber plantations and lowland evergreen forest,
Habit. Herb. to 450 m alt.
Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat. Uses. A tiny species with striped leaves, ornamental.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest next to streams; ca 60 m alt. Stachyphrynium spicatum (Roxb.) K. Schum.
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae, Phayao,
Phrynium pedunculiferum D. Fang Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Kamphaeng
Habit. Herb. Phet; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima;
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan. SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Distribution. SE China, N Vietnam. Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Montane evergreen forest, next to streams, Distribution. Sri Lanka, S India, Myanmar, S China,
1,000-1,650 m alt. Indochina.
Phrynium pubinerve Blume Habitat. Next to streams, road sides, disturbed areas,
Habit. Herb. bamboo and lowland evergreen forests, 150-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Widespread in SE Asia. Musaceae
Habitat. Next to streams, road sides, in swampy or Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman
disturbed areas, in bamboo and lowland evergreen Habit. Solitary tall herb.
forests, to 800 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak.
Uses. Leaf petioles used to weave mats. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Indonesia,
New Guinea, Philippines.
Habitat. Evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed deciduous
forests, moist areas, limestone, to 1,100 m alt.

Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman Orchidaceae
Habit. Solitary erect herb.
Abdominea minimiora (Hook.f.) J.J. Sm.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiangmai, Lampang, Tak.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests,
Distribution. Malaya, Borneo, Java, Philippines.
limestone, to 1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-1,000 m alt.
Musa accuminata Colla Acampe joiceyana (J.J. Sm.) Seidenf.
Habit. Clustered tall herb.
Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, evergreen and montane forest,
Habitat. Upper montane forest, 1,200-1,700 m alt.
moist areas, to 1,200 m alt.
Musa balbisiana Colla Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr.
Habit. Clustered tall herb.
Region. widely distributed.
Region. Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution. India, Sri Langka, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, S China, Myanmar, Malesia,
China , Indochina.
Philippines, New Guinea.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed
Habitat. Evergreen and dry evergreen forests, to 1,100 m alt.
deciduous forests, to 1,000 m alt.
Musa gracilis Holttum. Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & McCann
Habit. Solitary erect herb.
Region. P: Narathiwat, Yala.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son; E: Nakhon
Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Musa itinerans Cheesman Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Clustered tall herb. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed
Region. Northern. deciduous forests, 200-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China.
Habitat. Montane forest.
Acampe rigida (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) P.F. Hunt
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, Lithophytic orchid.
Musa laterita Cheesman Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Sakon Nakhon; SW:
Habit. Clustered tall herb. Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Satun.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, China,
Distribution. Myanmar. Indochina, Malaya, Philippines.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, river banks, to ca 700 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed
Uses. Ornamental. deciduous forest and deciduous dipterocarp forests, to
Musa ornata Roxb. 600 m alt.
Habit. Clustered erect herb. Acanthephippium gougahensis (Guillaumin) Seidenf.
Region. Cultivated. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. India. Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. China, Vietnam, Malaya.
Musa rubra Wall. ex Kurz Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest and lower montane scrub
Habit. Clustered tall herb. forest, 600-1,500 m alt.
Region. Northern. Acanthephippium striatum Lindl.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000-1,300 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Vietnam,
Musa serpentina Swangpol & Somana Malaya, Java, Lesser Sunda Is.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and hill
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. evergreen forests, 1,200-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Open mixed deciduous forest by stream banks or Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl.
low slopes by roadsides, 240-570 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon
Nartheciaceae Buri; P: Phangnga,
Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Petrosavia sinii (K. Krause) Gagnep. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos,
Habit. Saprophytic herbs. Malaya, Philippines.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed
Distribution. China, Indochina. deciduous forests, 500-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Montane evergreen forest in deep shade.
Acriopsis indica Wight
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son; E:
Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi,
118 1
Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Trang, Aerides krabiensis Seidenf.
Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi.
Cambodia, Malaya, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Philippines, Sulawesi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 100 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, hill evergreen and mixed deciduous
forests, to 1,200 m alt.
Aerides multiora Roxb.
Acriopsis liliifolia (J. Koenig) Seidenf. Region. widely distributed.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Andamans, Indochina.
widely distributed. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, hill evergreen,
Distribution. India to NW Pacic. mixed deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp forest, to
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, hill evergreen 1,000 m alt.
and mixed deciduous forests, to 1,700 m alt.
Aerides odorata Lour.
Acrochaene punctata Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, Lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Region. widely distributed.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Andamans, China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Borneo,
Habitat. Lower montane scrub, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines.
Adenoncos major Ridl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. deciduous forests, to 1,000 m alt.
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phuket, Trang, Satun, Aerides rosea Lodd. ex Lindl. & Paxton
Yala. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; NE: Loei.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 500 m alt. Distribution. E India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos,
Adenoncos parviora Ridl. Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si 500-1,000 m alt.
Thammarat. Agrostophyllum brevipes King & Pantl.
Distribution. West Malesia, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 500 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Adenoncos sumatrana J.J. Sm. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Laos.
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, lower
Trang, Yala, Narathiwat. montane scrub forest, 300-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. West Malesia, Sumatra. Agrostophyllum callosum Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Adenoncos vesiculosa Carr Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. E India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,700-1,800 m alt.
Thammarat, Trang. Agrostophyllum longifolium (Blume) Rchb.f.
Distribution. Indochina to Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 1,000 m alt. Region. P: Songkhla, Pattani.
Aerides crassifolia C.S.P. Parish ex Burb. Distribution. Borneo, Java, Malaya, Moluccas, Sulawesi
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. ans Sumatra.
Region. widely distributed except PEN. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. Agrostophyllum majus Hook.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, hill evergreen Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
and mixed deciduous forests, 100-1,500 m alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Aerides falcata Lindl. & Paxton Distribution. Borneo, Malaya, Sumatra, Solomon Is.,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Vanuatu.
Region. widely distributed. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-800 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Indochina. Agrostophyllum planicaule (Wall. ex Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, hill evergreen
and mixed deciduous forests, to 1,200 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Aerides houlletiana Rchb.f. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong,
Region. NE: Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Phangnga, Satun.
Distribution. Indochina. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 600 m alt.
200-1,000 m alt.

Agrostophyllum stipulatum (Griff.) Schltr. Aphyllorchis caudata Rolfe ex Downie
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Region. SE: Chon Buri; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Yala, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Narathiwat. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Distribution. Borneo, Malaya, Philippines, Java, Sumatra, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,800 m alt.
Sulawesi, Solomon Is. Aphyllorchis evrardii Gagnep.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 300 m alt. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Amitostigma thailandicum Seidenf. & Thaithong Region. N: Phrae, Uttaradit; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. Vietnam
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,200 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Aphyllorchis montana Rchb.f.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Habitat. Upper montane scrub forest, ca 2,000 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Anoectochilus albolineatus C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia from India,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai , Nan, Phitsanulok; China to New Guinea.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Nayok; P: Ranong. 0-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Aphyllorchis pallida Blume
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
700-1,900 m alt. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Trang, Narathiwat.
Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Jawa,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Sumatra, Philippines.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Tak; NE: Loei; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt.
SW: Kanchanaburi. Apostasia nuda R. Brown
Distribution. Myanmar, S China to Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
700-1,400 m alt. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia,
Anoectochilus geniculatus Ridl. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Evergreen forest, hill sides and mountains;
Region. SE: Prachin Buri; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. 100-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Apostasia odorata Blume
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 600-1,000 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Anoectochilus lylei Rolfe ex Downie Region. P: Surat Thani, Songkhla.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. India, S China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Maluku, Sulawesi,
Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi. Sumatra.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Habitat. Evergreen forest, up to 600 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Apostasia wallichii R. Brown
700-1,400 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Anoectochilus reinwardtii Blume Region. All over the country especially in the peninsular.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Nepal, Assam, Myanmar,
Region. N: Nan; NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia.
Phangnga. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Bprneo, Singapore, Java, Appendicula anceps Blume
Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-800 m alt. Region. P: Ranong, Krabi, Pattani, Yala.
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, up
Loei. to 1,000 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Appendicula cornuta Blume
Myanmar, China, Japan, Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,600 m alt. Region. widely distributed.
Anthogonium gracile Wall. ex Lindl. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is.,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Sulawesi, Sumatra, Philippines.
Nakhon Ratchasima. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Distribution. Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Appendicula oribunda (Schltr.) Schltr.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,300 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
120 1
Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Chumphon, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Surat Thani, Pattani. Region. Widely distributed.
Distribution. Thailand to W. Malesia. Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
100-1,200 m alt. evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
Appendicula hexandra (J. Knig) J.J. Sm. Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phangnga, Satun. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra. Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Appendicula pendula Blume evergreen forest, 400-1,000 m alt.
Habit.Epiphytic orchid. Ascocentrum curvifolium (Lindl.) Schltr.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Trang, Pattani. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Sumatra, Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Fiji. Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. India, Myanmar.
800-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Appendicula reexa Blume evergreen forest, 200-900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ascocentrum garayi Christenson
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Taiwan, Indochina to W Pacic. Region. Exact locality unknown.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,000 m alt. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Appendicula undulata Blume Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. 0-1,000 m alt.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Ascocentrum miniatum (Lindl.) Schltr.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunda Is., Sumatra, Philippines. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-300 m alt. Distribution. India, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Arachnis os-aeris (L.) Rchb.f. Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest dry evergreen forest,
Region. P: Chumphon, Phatthalung. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser hill evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
Sunda Is., Sumatra, Philippine. Ascocentrum semiteretifolium Seidenf.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Distribution. NE India.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Nan; NE: Phetchabun; SE: Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800-1,900 m alt.
Chanthaburi. Ascochilopsis myosurus (Ridl.) Carr
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. P: Chumphon.
mixed deciduous forest. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Arachnis limax Seidenf. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ascochilus nitidus Seidenf.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, upper montane forest, Distribution. Endemic.
1,200-2,200 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Armodorum siamense Schltr. 100-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ascochilus siamensis Ridl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Trang, Satun.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,750 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Arundina caespitosa Aver. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Biermannia ciliata (Ridl.) Garay
Region. NE: Buengkan, Nakhon Phanom. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok.
forest, 200-300 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
300-800 m alt.

Bletilla foliosa (King & Pantl.) Tang & F.T. Wang Distribution. Laos.
Habit.Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Uttaradit. 100-300 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Bromheadia alticola Ridl.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, upper montane forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
850-1,500 m alt. Region. P: Trang.
Brachycorythis acuta (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang; NE: Phetchabun; Bromheadia aporoides Rchb.f.
E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Krabi. Nakhon; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed Singapore.
deciduous forests, 50-700 m alt. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen
Brachycorythis galeandra (Rchb.f.) Summerh. forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Bromheadia nlaysoniana (Lindl.) Miq.
Region. Northeastern; E: Roi Et. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Hong Kong, Region. E: Surin; SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
Taiwan, Cambodia, Vietnam. Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Brachycorythis helferi (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Moluku, Sumatra,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Philippines, New Guinea.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Bromheadia truncata Seidenf.
Rayong, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos. Region. N: Chiang Mai P: Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
deciduous forests, to 950 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt.
Brachycorythis laotica (Gagnep.) Summerh. Bulbophyllum abbrevilabium Carr
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Phayao, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri.
Phetchabun. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-700 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed
deciduous forests, 400-700 m alt. Bulbophyllum adangense Seidenf.
Brachycorythis neglecta H.A. Pedersen Region. P: Satun
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Endemic
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400 m alt.
Phayao, Nan, Lampang, Tak; NE: Sakon Nakhon; E:
Ubon Ratchathani; Peninsular. Bulbophyllum adjungens Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Laos. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SW:
deciduous, pine and deciduous dipterocarp forest, Phetchaburi.
200-1,100 m alt. Distribution. Endemic
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,500 m alt.
Biermannia ciliata (Ridl.) Garay
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum afne Wall. ex Lindl.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Phetchabun,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Taiwan,
300-800 m alt. Nansei-shoto.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Bletilla foliosa (King & Pantl.) Tang & F.T. Wang mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Habit.Terrestrial orchid. hill evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Uttaradit.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Bulbophyllum albibracteum Seidenf.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, upper montane forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
850-1,500 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Brachypeza laotica (Seidenf.) Seidenf. Habitat. Upper montane forest, 2,000 m alt.
Region. NE: Nong Khai; SE: Prachin Buri.
122 1
Bulbophyllum albidostylidium Seidenf. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,400 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum bisetum Lindl.
Region. Without locality. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. India, E Himalaya.
Bulbophyllum alcicorne C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,700-1,900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum bittnerianum Schltr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phangnga. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; SE: Trat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. S China.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
mixed deciduous forest, 0-700 m alt. 500-1,000 m alt.
Bulbophyllum angusteovatum Seidenf. Bulbophyllum blepharistes Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Distribution. Endemic. Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Ranong, Surat Thani,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt. Phangnga.
Bulbophyllum annandalei Ridl. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Malaysia.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300 m to high altitude. hill evergreen forest; 0-1,300 m alt.
Bulbophyllum apiferum Carr Bulbophyllum brevistylidium Seidenf.
Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular alt.Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 900 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt.
Bulbophyllum apodum Hook.f. Bulbophyllum capillipes C S. P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E:
Distribution. NE to India SW Pacic. Chaiyaphum; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; P:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
100-900 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Bulbophyllum auratum (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook.) Spreng.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Trang, Satun. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Philippines. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Bulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl.
Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. piphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Sakon Nakhon; E:
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Distribution. Myanmar, Java, Sumatra. Chumphon, Surat Thani, Trang, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-500 m alt. Distribution. Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Bulbophyllum biorum Teijsm. & Binn. Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea to W
Pacic.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt.
Lesser Sunda Is., Philippines
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt. Bulbophyllum comosum Collett & Hemsl.
Bulbophyllum biseriale Carr Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800-1,900 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Bulbophyllum concinnum Hook.f.
Bulbophyllum bisetoides Seidenf. Region. P: Ranong.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.

Bulbophyllum corallinum Tixier & Guillaumin Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. 0-500 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum echinulus Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum cornutum (Blume) Rchb.f. Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. P: Chumphon. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Borneo, Java, Philippines. Bulbophyllum ecornutum (J.J. Sm.) J.J. Sm.
Bulbophyllum corolliferum J.J. Sm. Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 500-900
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt. Bulbophyllum elassonotum Summerh.
Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook.f. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Ranong.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; P: Phangnga. Distribution. India, Vietnam.
Distribution. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Bulbophyllum farinulentum J.J. Sm.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit.. Epiphytic orchid.
0-500 m alt. Region. P: Pattani.
Bulbophyllum cupreum Lindl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900 m alt.
Region. P: Ranong. Bulbophyllum fascinator (Rolfe) Rolfe
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt. Region. P: Satun.
Bulbophyllum dayanum Rchb.f. Distribution. NE India, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines.
Region. NE: Loei; SE: Trat; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Krabi. Bulbophyllum abellum-veneris (J. Knig) Aver.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Peninsular Malaysia. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar, S Hainan, Laos, Cambodia,
Bulbophyllum dentiferum Ridl. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Moluku,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Sumatra.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Thammarat, Satun. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java. hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Bulbophyllum forrestii Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum depressum King & Pantl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China.
Distribution. India, China, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Bulbophyllum gibbolabium Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum dhaninivatii Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid Region. P: Narathiwat.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, Bulbophyllum gracillimum (Rolfe) Rolfe
1,200-1,500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum didymotropis Seidenf. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Narathiwat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Moluku,
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Sulawesi, Sumatra, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Fiji, New
Distribution. Endemic. Caledonia.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Bulbophyllum dissitiorum Seidenf. Bulbophyllum guttilum Seidenf.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Si Sa Ket; SE: Chanthaburi, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Trat; P: Chumphon. Distribution. Endemic.
124 1
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Bulbophyllum gymnopus Hook.f. Distribution. India, E Himalaya, S China, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,900 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Bulbophyllum lanuginosum J.J. Verm.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Region. From market.
Bulbophyllum gyrochilum Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang. Bulbophyllum lasiochilum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Distribution. NE India, S China.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum hanifi Carr Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; E:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon,
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Ranong, Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Peninsular Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Malaysia. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt. Bulbophyllum laxiorum (Blume) Lindl.
Bulbophyllum helenae (Kuntze) J.J. Sm. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak. Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous hill Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines.
evergreen forest, 600-2,300 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt.
Bulbophyllum hirtulum Ridl. Bulbophyllum lemniscatoides Rolfe
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Region. E: Chaiyaphum; P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Distribution. Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry deciduous
dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-800 m alt.
Bulbophyllum hirtum (Sm.) Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum lemniscatum C.S.P. Parish ex Hook.f.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Kanchanaburi. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-500 m alt.
evergreen forest, 500-1,300 m alt. Bulbophyllum leopardinum (Wall.) Lindl. ex Wall.
Bulbophyllum hymenanthum Hook.f. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Distribution. India, E Himalaya, Vietnam, Borneo. Vietnam.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,700 m
Bulbophyllum intricatum Seidenf. Bulbophyllum lilacinum Ridl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei. Region. P: Satun.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Bangladesh, Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Bulbophyllum kanburiense Seidenf. Bulbophyllum limbatum Lindl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; Region. P: Ranong, Narathiwat.
NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Bulbophyllum lindleyanum Griff.
evergreen forest, 700-1,500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum khaoyaiense Seidenf. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-200 m alt.
Distribution. S China. Bulbophyllum longibracteatum Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum khasyanum Griff. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Laos.

Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Bulbophyllum monanthos Ridl.
Bulbophyllum longissimum (Ridl.) J.J. Sm. Region. P: Phangnga.
Region. P: Ranong. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Bulbophyllum moniliforme C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Bulbophyllum luanii Tixier Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Ranong.
Region. NE: Loei. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt. Bulbophyllum montense Ridl.
Bulbophyllum macranthum Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Trang.
Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; Distribution. Borneo.
P: Chumphon, Satun. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Bulbophyllum morphologorum Kraenzl.
Malaysia, Java, Moluku, Sumatra, Sulawei, Philippines, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
New Guinea, Solomon Is. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; SW:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Phetchaburi.
evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Vietnam.
Bulbophyllum macrocoleum Seidenf. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Bulbophyllum muscarirubrum Seidenf.
Ratchasima; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phatthalung, Trang, Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SW:
Distribution. Vietnam. Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Endemic.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 300-1,400 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Bulbophyllum medusae (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 500-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum mutabile (Blume) Lindl.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phatthalung, Trang, Narathiwat. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Is., Sumatra, Solomon Is. Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Bulbophyllum membranaceum Teijsm. & Binn. Bulbophyllum nanopetalum Seidenf.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi, Distribution. Endemic.
Sumatra, Java, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Fiji, Samoa, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Tonga, Vanuatu, Caroline Is. mixed deciduous forest, 250-400 m alt.
Bulbophyllum nesiotes Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum microlabium W. Kittr. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Phangnga.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
New Guinea.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 750-1,000 m alt. Bulbophyllum nigrescens Rolfe
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum microtepalum Rchb.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Distribution. Myanmar. evergreen forest, 450-1,500 m alt.
mixed deciduous forest, 200-500 m alt. Bulbophyllum nipondhii Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum mirum J.J. Sm. Region. NE: Loei.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 850 m alt. Bulbophyllum notabilipetalum Seidenf.
126 1
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Distribution. NE India, S China, Myanmar, Taiwan,
Distribution. Endemic. Vietnam.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt.
Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (Sm.) Lindl. ex Hook.f. Bulbophyllum penicillium C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.

Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW: Region. SW: probably Kanchanaburi.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong. Distribution. Bhutan, Myanmar.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Cambodia, Habitat. Not recorded.
Laos, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum peninsulare Seidenf.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Satun.
Bulbophyllum orectopetalum Garay, Hamer & Siegerist Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram, Ubon 0-1,100 m alt.
Ratchathani; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Bulbophyllum phayamense Seidenf.
Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phangnga, Satun. Region. P: Ranong.
Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Borneo. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-50 m alt.
0-1,500 m alt.
Bulbophyllum physocoryphum Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum orientale Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. P: Ranong.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
forest, hill evergreen forest, 300-1,500 m alt. Bulbophyllum picturatum (Lodd.) Rchb.f.
Bulbophyllum ovalifolium (Blume) Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak (Umphang). Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Distribution. S China, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, evergreen forest, 900-1,300 m alt.
Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,300 m alt. Bulbophyllum planibulbe (Ridl.) Ridl.
Bulbophyllum ovatum Seidenf. Region. P: Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen fprest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800 to high altitude. Bulbophyllum polliculosum Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum pallidum Seidenf. Region. P: Trang.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Habitat. Tropical evergreen fprest; 50-300 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,600 m alt. Bulbophyllum polyrrhizum Lindl.
Bulbophyllum parviorum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, S China.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: 500-1,300 m alt.
Phetchaburi.
Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum polystictum Ridl.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
forest, hill evergreen forest, 700-1,000 m alt. Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla.
Bulbophyllum patens King ex Hook.f. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-600 m alt.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Pattani, Bulbophyllum proboscideum (Gagnep.) Seidenf. &
Narathiwat. Smitinand
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sumatra. Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Not recorded.
Bulbophyllum pectinatum Finet
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum propinquum Kraenzl.

Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum. evergreen forest, 300-1,100 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Bulbophyllum reptans (Lindl.) Lindl. ex Wall.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,400 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum protractum Hook.f. Region. N: Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Vietnam.
Ranong, Phangnga. Habitat. hill evergreen forest, 1,300-2,000 m alt.
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum retusiusculum Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
evergreen forest, 300-1,400 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong.
Bulbophyllum psittacoglossum Rchb.f. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Laos,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei. 300-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum rubroguttatum Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum pteroglossum Schltr. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Tak; NE: Loei. Habitat. Hill evergreen foresat.
Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum rulabrum C.S.P. Parish ex Hook.f.
Bulbophyllum pulchellum Ridl. Region. P: Ranong.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Trang. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 500-600 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Bulbophyllum runum Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum pumilio E.C. Parish & Rchb.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Sukhothai;
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. NE: Loei, Mukdahan; E: Buri Ram, Si Sa Ket; SE:
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. widely distributed; P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,400 m alt. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Bulbophyllum purpurascens Teijsm. & Binn. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Region. P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Phuket, Phatthalung, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,200 m alt.
Trang, Satun, Narathiwat. Bulbophyllum rugosisepalum Seidenf.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Bulbophyllum putii Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,400 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Bulbophyllum sanitii Seidenf.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, at high altitude. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang.
Bulbophyllum reclusum Seidenf. Distribution. Vietnam.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Ubon Ratchathani. Bulbophyllum scaphiforme J.J. Verm.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp Region. N: Chiang Mai.
forest, 300-500 m alt. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Bulbophyllum reichenbachii (Kuntze) Schltr. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Habit. .Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum secundum Hook.f.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; SE:
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Trat.
500-1,000 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Bulbophyllum repens Griff. Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,200 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Bulbophyllum shweliense W.W. Sm.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Peninsular Malaysia. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Distribution. Bhutan, China, Vietnam.
128 1
Bulbophyllum siamense Rchb.f. Region. NE: Beung Kan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
NE: Phetchabun, Loei;E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: forest, 100-300 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Bulbophyllum sukhakulii Seidenf.
Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Peninsular Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Not recorded.
0-1,500 m alt. Bulbophyllum sulcatum (Blume) Lindl.
Bulbophyllum sicyobulbon C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; P: Ranong, Satun. Narathiwat.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Lesser Sunda Is.
evergreen forest, 50-1,400 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-1,000 m alt.
Bulbophyllum sillemianum Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum sutepense (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. & Smitinand
Region. SW: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Kra Chan). Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Distribution. S China, Laos.
Bulbophyllum simplicilabellum Seidenf. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,400 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E:
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,400 m alt. Chaiyaphum; SW: Prachuap Khira Khan; P: Chumphon,
Bulbophyllum smitinandii Seidenf. & Thorut Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700-900 m alt. evergreen forest, 50-1,200 m alt.
Bulbophyllum spathulatum (Rolfe ex E.W. Cooper) Seidenf. Bulbophyllum tenuifolium (Blume) Lindl.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Region. SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
700-1,500 m alt. 0-700 m alt.
Bulbophyllum stenobulbon C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum thaiorum J.J. Sm.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-600 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt.
Bulbophyllum stenophyllum Ridl. Bulbophyllum tortuosum (Blume) Lindl.
Region. P: Chumphon. Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Thammarat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, New
Bulbophyllum striatum (Griff.) Rchb.f. Guinea, Solomon Is.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, S China, Vietnam. Bulbophyllum tricorne Seidenf. & Smitinand
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Mukdahan; SW:
Bulbophyllum suavissimum Rolfe Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Cambodia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan; E: Nakhon Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi. 300-800 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,700 m alt. Bulbophyllum tricornoides Seidenf.
Bulbophyllum subtenellum Seidenf. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SW: Phetchaburi.

Distribution. Endemic. Bulbophyllum xylophyllum C S. P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
900-1,300 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SW:
Bulbophyllum tridentatum Kraenzl. Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Region. SE: Trat. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Distribution. Endemic. 300-1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Calanthe angustifolia (Blume) Lindl.
Bulbophyllum tripaleum Seidenf. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak. Distribution. China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Distribution. Endemic. Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,450 m alt.
700-1,300 m alt. Calanthe biloba Lindl.
Bulbophyllum tripudians C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; E: Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, China.
Chaiyaphum. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,600 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,550 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Bulbophyllum triste Rchb.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Prachuap Khiri
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China. Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Surat
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 400-800 m alt. Thani, Pattani.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Bulbophyllum triviale Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 300-1,700 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Calanthe ceciliae Rchb.f.
Habitat. Upper montane forest, 1900-2,000 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Nan; P: Phangnga, Krabi, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Bulbophyllum unciniferum Seidenf. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Java, Sumatra.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-400 m alt.
Distribution. S China.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600 m alt. Calanthe clavata Lindl.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Bulbophyllum vaginatum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Chumphon Surat Thani.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Satun Narathiwat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, evergreen forest, 700-1,400 m alt.
Moluku, Sulawesi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Calanthe densiora Lindl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid.
Bulbophyllum wallichii Rchb.f. Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Taiwan, S Nansei-shoto, Vietnam.
Phitsanulok. Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Calanthe herbacea Lindl.
Bulbophyllum wangkaense Seidenf. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-2,600 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Calanthe hirsuta Seidenf.
200-300 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima.
Bulbophyllum wendlandianum (Kraenzl.) Dammer Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Calanthe labrosa (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Khon Kaen; SW:
Phetchaburi; P: Ranong.
130 1
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 800-2,000 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Calanthe lyroglossa Rchb.f. evergreen forest, 500-1,200 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Thammarat, Pattani. Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan, Distribution. Africa, Tropical and Subtropical Asia.
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Java, Philippines. evergreen forest, 100-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames
evergreen forest, 700-1,300 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Calanthe odora Griff. Region. Widely distributed.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. W Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; Asia to Pacic.
SE: Trat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, China, mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 200-1,400 m alt.
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Calanthe vestita Wall. ex Lindl.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,100 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Calanthe puberula Lindl. Region. NE: Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi;
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket, Satun.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, S China, Vietnam. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-2,100 m alt. Moluku, Philippines, New Guinea.
Calanthe pulchra (Blume) Lindl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Cephalanthera exigua Seidenf.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Yala. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Philippines. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,700 m alt.
Calanthe rosea (Lindl.) Benth. Cephalantheropsis obcordata (Lindl.) Ormerod
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid, lithophytic Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid.
orchid. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Region. N: Nan, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; SW: Uthai Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani.
Thani, Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri. Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan,
Distribution. Myanmar. Laos, Vietnam, Maluku and Philippines.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,400 m alt.
evergreen forest, 200-1,000 m alt. Ceratostylis ampullacea Kraenzl.
Calanthe rubens Ridl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasiam; C: Saraburi; SE: Pattani.
Prachinburi, Rayong, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. 900-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-800 m alt. Ceratostylis pleurothallis (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.)
Calanthe simplex Seidenf. Seidenf.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Distribution. China. Distribution. Myanmar.
Calanthe speciosa (Blume) Lindl. Ceratostylis radiata J.J. Sm.
Region. Peninsular. Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Hong Kong to Taiwan, Nansei-shoto, Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Sumatra.
Sulawesi, Philippines. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 500-600 m alt.
Ceratostylis siamensis Rolfe ex Downie
Calanthe succedanea Gagnep. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.

Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,400 m alt.
500-1,600 m alt. Cheirostylis yunnanensis Rolfe
Ceratostylis subulata Blume Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen; SW:
Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong.
Trang, Satun, Pattani. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Distribution. Tropical Asia to Vanuatu. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-800 m alt.
100-900 m alt. Chiloschista extinctoriformis Seidenf.
Ceratostylis thailandica Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 300 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Chiloschista exuperei (Guillaumin) Garay
100-1,400 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Chamaeanthus brachystachys Schltr. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Vietnam.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan). Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-900 m alt.
Distribution. Java, Borneo. Chiloschista fasciata (F.Muell.) Seidenf. & Ormerod
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Cheirostylis grifthii Lindl. Region. P: Yala.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Sri lanka, India.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Chiloschista lunifera (Rchb.f.) J.J. Sm.
China. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-2,100 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Cheirostylis moniliformis (Griff.) Seidenf. Distribution. Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Java.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 500-800 m alt.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan. Chiloschista parishii Seidenf.
Distribution. India, Bhutan. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, secoundary forest, ca 600 m alt. Region. Widely distributed.
Cheirostylis montana Blume Distribution. India, E Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,100 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java. Chiloschista ramifera Seidenf.
Habitat. No information available. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Cheirostylis octodactyla Ames Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt.
Distribution. Taiwan, Vietnam, Philippines. Chiloschista rodriguezii Cavestro & Ormerod
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, ca 1,800 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Cheirostylis pusilla Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Region. N: Nan; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 500 m alt.
Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla. Chiloschista trudelii Seidenf.
Distribution. NE India, S China, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-750 m alt. Region. Without locality.
Cheirostylis spathulata J.J. Sm. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; E: Chiloschista usneoides (D. Don) Lindl.
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon. Distribution. Nepal, Himalaya.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Borneo, Java. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 200-500 m alt.
50-800 m alt. Chiloschista viridiava Seidenf.
Cheirostylis thailandica Seidenf. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. C Nepal.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. S China. 300-700 m alt.
132 1
Chroniochilus virescens (Ridl.) Holttum Cleisostoma chantaburiense Seidenf.
Region. P: Trang, Yala, Narathiwat. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Chanthaburi, Trat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-200 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Chrysoglossum ornatum Blume Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid. 200-700 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Cleisostoma complicatum (Seidenf.) Garay
Ratchasima; P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Nepal to SW Pacic. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
evergreen forest, 700-1,800 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest.
Claderia viridiora Hook.f. Cleisostoma crochetii (Guillaumin) Garay
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE:
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Prachin Buri.
Sulawesi. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry
Cleisomeria lanatum (Lindl.) Lindl. ex G. Don deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Cleisostoma discolor Lindl.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Krabi, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket; C: Nakhon
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Satun, Yala.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. India, E Himalaya, Cambodia, Vietnam,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Cleisomeria pilosulum (Gagnep.) Seidenf. & Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
0-700 m alt.

Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Cleisostoma duplicilobum (J.J. Sm.) Garay
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Nakhon Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phanom, Mukdahan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Yasothon, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon
Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri.
Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri. Distribution. NE India, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is., Sumatra,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Philippines.
evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Cleisostoma arietinum (Rchb.f.) Garay
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Cleisostoma liforme (Lindl.) Garay
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phayao, Phrae, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok.
Nakhon, Mukdahan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Ranong, Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China,
Trang. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Cambodia. Laos, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. evergreen forest, 500-1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Cleisostoma fuerstenbergianum Kraenzl.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,100 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Cleisostoma aspersum (Rchb.f.) Garay Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan;
Region. P: Ranong. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam. Distribution. Myanmar, China, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 10-600 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, dry
deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Cleisostoma birmanicum (Schltr.) Garay evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Trat. Cleisostoma kerrii Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,400 m alt. Region. P: Yala.
Cleisostoma capricorne (Ridl.) Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Trang, Pattani. Cleisostoma krabiense (Seidenf.) Garay
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Region. P: Krabi.

Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Cleisostoma teretifolium Teijsm. & Binn.
Cleisostoma linearilobatum (Seidenf. & Smitinand) Garay Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, China, Peninsular Malaysia. Cleisostoma williamsonii (Rchb.f.) Garay
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,400 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Cleisostoma paniculatum (Ker Gawl.) Garay Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Nakhon Nayok. Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Andaman Is.,
Distribution. NE India, China, Taiwan, Vietnam. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,400 m alt. Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines.
Cleisostoma racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. mixed deciduous forest, 0-500 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat. Cleisostomopsis elytrigera (Seidenf.) Szlach.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Endemic.
evergreen forest, 500-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Near sea level.
Cleisostoma rolfeanum (King & Pantl.) Garay Coelogyne alboaurantia Elis. George & J.-C. George
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak. Region. Northern.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Cleisostoma rostrata (Lindl.) Garay Coelogyne anceps Hook.f.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon. Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. S China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos and
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen Vietnam.
forest, 250-300 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 1,500 m alt.
Cleisostoma scortechinii (Hook.f.) Garay Coelogyne assamica Linden & Rchb.f.
Region. P: Yala. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Distribution. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos,
Lesser Sunda Is., Java, Sumatra. Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Cleisostoma simondii (Gagnep.) Seidenf. Coelogyne brachyptera Rchb.f.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Loei, Bueng Kan; E: Si Sa Ket; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. India, Nepal, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, forest, 200-500 m alt.
200-1,300 m alt. Coelogyne brunea Lindl.
Cleisostoma subultum Blume Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan; E: Nakhon Distribution. Myanmar, China, Laos and Vietnam.
Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,600 m alt.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Coelogyne cumingii Lindl.
Thammarat, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Andaman Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon
Is., Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani,
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Moluku, Ranong, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Yala,
Sulawesi, Philippines. Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore,
0-700 m alt. Sumatra and Borneo.
Cleisostoma tenuifolium (L.) Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, dry
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. deciduous dipterocarp forest, 150-2,150 m alt.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani. Coelogyne mbriata Lindl.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka.
134 1
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phitsanulok, Tak; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima;
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. SW: Uthai Thani, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos, Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-2,300 m alt. Vietnam
Coelogyne accida Lindl. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-2,100 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Coelogyne pulverula Teijsm. & Binn.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Region. P: Krabi.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Vietnam. Moluccas.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-2,300 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Coelogyne huettneriana Rchb.f. 750-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Coelogyne quadratiloba Gagnep.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
evergreen forest, 300-1,200 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal, China, Laos, Vietnam.
Coelogyne lawrenceana Rolfe Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. 400-1,000 m alt.
Region. NE: Uttaradit (Phu Soi Dao). Coelogyne radicosa Ridl.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600-2,000 m alt. Region. P: Pattani, Yala.
Coelogyne lentiginosa Lindl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; 1,000-1,800 m alt.
SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Ranong. Coelogyne rigida C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Surat
600-1,600 m alt. Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Coelogyne longipes Lindl. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Coelogyne rochussenii de Vriese
Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-2,500 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,
Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex D. Don) Lindl. Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Philippines.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Nan. near sea level to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Nepal to China and Indochina. Coelogyne schilleriana Rchb.f. & K. Koch
Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Tak; NE: Loei, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt.
Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Coelogyne schultesii S.K. Jain & S. Das
Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Nakhon Si
evergreen forest, 350-1,700 m alt. Thammarat, Krabi.
Coelogyne pallens Ridl. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-2,500 m alt.
SW: Phetchaburi. Coelogyne septemcostata J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra.
Coelogyne prolifera Lindl. Coelogyne suaveolens (Lindl.) Hook.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.

Distribution. India, Myanmar, China. Habitat. Montane forest, 1,100-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-600 m alt. Cordiglottis liformis (Hook.f.) Garay
Coelogyne tenasserimensis Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW: Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Tropica evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar and Vietnam. Corybas ecarinatus Anker & Seidenf.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
600-900 m alt. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Coelogyne tomentosa Lindl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Crevices in limestone cliffs, c 80 m alt.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala, Pattani. Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Sumatra. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-2,100 m alt. Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to Pacic.
Coelogyne trinervis Lindl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. 0-700 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino var. variabilis
Kamphaeng Phet, Tak. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Loei, Nakhon Phanom, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon
(Blume) I.D. Lund
Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Region. N: Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon).
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Distribution. China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest.
Trang, Satun.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Crepidium acuminatum (D. Don) Szlach.
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to N Australia.
hill evergreen forest, 100-2,000 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
600-1,900 m alt.
Coelogyne velutina de Vogel
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Crepidium aschistum (Seidenf.) Szlach.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Yala, Pattani. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. Endemic.
800-2,000 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.
Coelogyne viscosa Rchb.f. Crepidium bancanum (Ridl.) Szlach.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phitsanulok; E: Region. P: Pattani.
Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Distribution. Sumatra.
Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800 m alt.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Crepidium biauritum (Lindl.) Szlach.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
500-1,700 m alt. Ratchasima.
Coelogyne xyrekes Ridl. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Andaman
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Is., China, Laos.
Region. P: Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Satun. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. 600-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Crepidium calophyllum (Rchb.f.) Szlach.
700-1,900 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Collabium chinense (Rolfe) Tang & F.T. Wang Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; P:
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Distribution. E Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China,
Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
700-1,200 m alt. Crepidium concavum (Seidenf.) Szlach.
Collabium formosanum Hayata Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Distribution. S China.
Distribution. Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Vietnam. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 300-500 m alt.
136 1
Crepidium godefroyi (Rchb.f.) Szlach. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan, Kamphaeng Phet; P: Phangnga.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos.
Region. P: Surat Thani. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt.
Distribution. Cambodia. Crepidium prasinum (Ridl.) Szlach.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Crepidium khasianum (Hook.f.) Szlach. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. India, Nepal, S China. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,900-2,000 m alt. Crepidium purpureum (Lindl.) Szlach.
Crepidium klimkoanum Marg. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Vietnam,
Distribution. Endemic. Philippines.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Not recorded.
Crepidium luniferum (J.J. Sm.) Szlach. Cryptopylos clausus (J.J. Sm.) Garay
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. Sumatra. Distribution. Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt.
Crepidium mackinnonii (Duthie) Szlach. Cryptostylis arachnites (Blume) Hassk.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Ranong,
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China. Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Pattani,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Yala, Narathiwat.
600-1,200 m alt. Distribution. Tropical & Subtropical Asia to SW Pacic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Crepidium macrochilum (Rolfe) Szlach. evergreen forest, 700-1,800 m alt.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga. Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Region. Widely distributed.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh,
Crepidium merapiense (Schltr.) Szlach. Myanmar, Andaman Is., China, Cambodia, Laos,
Vietnam, Peninsula Malaysia, Java, Sumatra.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry
Distribution. Sumatra.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
0-1,000 m alt.
Crepidium octodentatum (Seidenf.) Szlach. Cymbidium atropurpureum (Lindl.) Rolfe
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Region. P: Narathiwat, Satun.
SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Hainan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen fores, 0-300 m alt.
0-300 m alt.
Crepidium orbiculare (W.W. Sm. & Jeffrey) Seidenf.
Cymbidium bicolor Lindl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Nan, Uttaradit,
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E:
Distribution. China, Vietnam.
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si
Crepidium ovalisepalum (J.J. Sm.) Szlach. Thammarat, Trang.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China,
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Distribution. S China, Sumatra. Sumatra, Java, Philippines.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Crepidium perakense (Ridl.) Szlach. evergreen forest, 50-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Cymbidium dayanum Rchb.f.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi.
Crepidium polyodon (Hook.f.) Szlach. Distribution. Himalaya, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,

Sumatra, Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet;
evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt. NE: Loei.
Cymbidium devonianum Paxton Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-2,100 m alt.
Distribution. India, E Nepal, Myanmar, China, Vietnam. Cymbidium sinense (Jacks.) Willd.
Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Cymbidium nlaysonianum Lindl. Region. N: Nan; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, China, Taiwan,
Region. NE: Udon Thani; C: Nonthaburi, Krung Thep Nansei-shoto, Vietnam.
Maha Nakhon; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Surat Thani, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat. 700-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Cymbidium tigrinum C.S.P. Parish ex Hook.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. N: Uttaradit (Phu Soi Dao).
0-300 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, China.
Cymbidium haematodes Lindl. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1700 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Cymbidium traceyanum L. Castle
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Uthai Thani; SE: Prachin Buri. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, China, Laos, Peninsular Distribution. NE India, SE Tibet, Myanmar, China,
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Vietnam.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1800 m alt.
evergreen forest, 200-900 m alt. Cyrtosia integra (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay
Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb.f. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun; SW:
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-2,100 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Cymbidium insigne Rolfe subsp. insigne 300-900 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Cyrtosia nana (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Distribution. Hainan, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; SW:
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,400 m alt. Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Cymbidium insigne Rolfe subsp. seidenfadenii P.J. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Cribb & Du Puy 450-1,650 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei. Cyrtosia plurialata Seidenf.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Nakhon Si
Thammarat.
Cymbidium lancifolium Hook. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
800-1,200 m alt.
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia. Cystorchis aphylla Ridl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
0-1,600 m alt. Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. Philippines.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Dendrobium acerosum Lindl.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi,
Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak.
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Narathiwat.
Distribution. N Pakistan, India, Nepal, Myanmar, China,
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Korea, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam.
Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi.
Cymbidium mastersii Griff. ex Lindl. 0-500 m alt.
138 1
Dendrobium aciculare Lindl. Sukhothai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Nong Khai; E:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C:
Region. SE: Prachin Buri; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi. Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Phangnga, Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Dendrobium acinaciforme Roxb. China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Lamphun, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E:
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe
Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Peninsular Malaysia, Moluku. Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Vietnam.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-2,100 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,700 m alt.
Dendrobium aduncum Lindl. Dendrobium bensoniae Rchb.f.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Region. N: without specic lolcality; P: Lower Siam.
Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 700-800 m alt. Dendrobium bicameratum Lindl.
Dendrobium albosanguineum Lindl. & Paxton Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Dendrobium bifarium Lindl.
700-1000 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium aloifolium (Blume) Rchb.f. Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Moluku, Sumatra.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, 250-1,200 m alt.
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat. Dendrobium bilobulatum Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Krabi, Narathiwat.
Sunda Is., Philippines, New Guinea. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
0-2,100 m alt. 250-500 m alt.
Dendrobium anceps Sw. Dendrobium blumei Lindl.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Andaman Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java.
Is., Nicobar Is., Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
300-500 m alt. Dendrobium brevimentum Seidenf.
Dendrobium angulatum Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, 620 m alt.
Phangnga.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam. Dendrobium brymerianum Rchb.f.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-500 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E:
Chaiyaphum.
Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Dendrobium calicopis Ridl.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunda Is., Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea. Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-250 m alt. Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Nakhon Si
Thammarat.
Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C.E.C. Fisch. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, 20-1,400 m alt.

Dendrobium capillipes Rchb.f. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-600 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium concinnum Miq.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sakon Nakhon; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Trang. Region. SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani,
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Dendrobium cariniferum Rchb.f. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak. Dendrobium connale Kerr
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 750-1,600 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat.
Dendrobium chittimae Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Region. E: No specic locality known. evergreen forest, 400-1,900 m alt.
Distribution. Vietnam. Dendrobium cowenii P. OByrne & J.J. Verm.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium christyanum Rchb.f. Region. P: Krabi.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Phetchaburi. Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. & Paxton
Distribution. S China, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Sakon
Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl. Nakhon; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Laos, Vietnam.
Tak; NE: Loei. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam. evergreen forest, 200-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,600 m alt. Dendrobium cretaceum Lindl.
Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. P: Satun
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Andaman Is.
NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Nakhon Phanom; E: Chaiyaphum; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Ranong. Dendrobium crocatum Hook.f.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,300 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt.
Dendrobium ciliatilabellum Seidenf. Dendrobium cruentum Rchb.f.
Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Nakhon
Distribution. Endemic. Si Thammarat, Satun.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100 m alt. Distribution. Vietnam.
Dendrobium clavator Ridl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mangrove forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt. Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chon Buri,
Dendrobium compactum Rolfe ex W. Hackett Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong. Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-700 m alt.
750-1,800 m alt. Dendrobium crystallinum Rchb.f.
Dendrobium compressum Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak,
Region. NE: Loei; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon
Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala. Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
Sumatra, Philippines. Distribution. Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
140 1
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 500-1,500 Dendrobium devonianum Paxton
m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW: Phetchaburi; Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos,
SE: Trat; P: Phangnga, Surat Thani, Satun. Vietnam.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Vietnam, Borneo. evergreen forest, 300-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Dendrobium dickasonii L.O. Williams
mixed deciduous forest, 50-1,000 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium curviorum Rolfe Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar. Dendrobium dixanthum Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium cuspidatum Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Myanmar, China, Laos.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
200-500 m alt. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt.
Dendrobium dantaniense Guillaumin Dendrobium dixonianum Rolfe ex Downie
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; Region. N: Chiang Mai.
NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600-1,800 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,800 m alt. Dendrobium draconis Rchb.f.
Dendrobium delacourii Guillaumin Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Nakhon Lampang, Phrae, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Udon
Phanom, Mukdahan, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Uthai Thani, Ratchaburi; SE: Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Prachin Buri. Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri.
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry Vietnam.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, 20-800 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry
Dendrobium deltatum Seidenf. deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Dendrobium elliottianum P. OByrne
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Laos. Region. Cultivated plant (probably from the Burmese
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, border).
200-800 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Dendrobium denneanum Kerr Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium ellipsophyllum Tang & F.T. Wang
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nakhon Phanom. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon
Laos, Vietnam. Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket;
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest. SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Dendrobium densiorum Lindl. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Phangnga.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam,
Region. N: High elevations near the Burmese border; E: Borneo.
Chaiyaphum. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Hainan, Laos, Vietnam. hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest. Dendrobium erostelle Seidenf.
Dendrobium denudans D. Don Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Nan. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. India, Nepal, E Himalaya. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.

Dendrobium erosum (Blume) Lindl. Chanthaburi, Trat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Cambodia
Region. P: Pattani. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-700 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum Schltr.
Sumatra, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Vanuatu. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,900 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Dendrobium eserre Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Dendrobium garrettii Seidenf.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,900 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Dendrobium exile Schltr. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi. Dendrobium gibsonii Paxton
Distribution. China, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE:
evergreen forest, 300-1,700 m alt. Bueng Kan.
Dendrobium falconeri Hook. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, C Himalaya, Myanmar,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang? Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, China, 300-1,500 m alt.
Taiwan, Vietnam. Dendrobium grande Hook.f.
Dendrobium farmeri Paxton Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Trang, Satun, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Distribution. Andaman Is., Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia,
Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Borneo, Sumatra.
Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat?, Narathiwat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, C Himalaya, Dendrobium gratiotissimum Rchb.f.
Myanmar, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E:
evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt. Chaiyaphum.
Dendrobium mbriatum Hook. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,500 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak; SW: Dendrobium gregulus Seidenf.
Kanchanaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW:
Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Distribution. Endemic.
evergreen forest, 400-1,500 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,100 m alt.
Dendrobium ndlayanum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Dendrobium grifthianum Lindl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Region. N: Nan, Tak; NE: Nakhon Phanom; SW:
Loei. Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Dendrobium exile Ridl. 300-500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium harveyanum Rchb.f.
Region. P: Satun, Songkhla. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Dendrobium formosum Roxb. ex Lindl. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium hendersonii A.D. Hawkes & A.H. Heller
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW:
Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga.

Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Thammarat, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
50-2,300 m alt.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Dendrobium friedericksianum Rchb.f. Sumatra.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri,
142 1
Dendrobium henryi Schltr. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium indragiriense Schltr.
Region. NE: Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb.f. Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat. Dendrobium infundibulum Lindl.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-2,100 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Dendrobium intricatum Gagnep.
Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: without Region. SE: Trat.
locality; P: Phangnga. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi. Dendrobium jenkinsii Wall. ex Lindl.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
600-1,600 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China,
Dendrobium hymenanthum Rchb.f. Laos, Vietnam.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Satun.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Dendrobium kanburiense Seidenf.
Borneo, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Dendrobium hymenopterum Hook.f. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. 300-500 m alt.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Dendrobium keithii Ridl.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Dendrobium incurvum Lindl. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ranong, Phangnga, Krabi?, Trang.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga, Satun. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-700 m alt.
Dendrobium kentrophyllum Hook.f.
Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Sakon Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang , Satun.
Nakhon. Distribution. E Himalaya, Laos, Peninsular Malsaysia,
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Borneo, Sumatra.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Philippines. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
500-1,100 m alt. Dendrobium kontumense Gagnep.
Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. var. lampangense Region. NE: Bueng Kan, Nakhon Phanom; E: Ubon
Rolfe Ratchathani.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Lampang, Tak, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
Phitsanulok; NE: Nakhon Phanom. forest, 200-300 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Dendrobium kratense Kerr
Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat
Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. var. pallidum Thani, Phangnga.
Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P:
Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi,
Dendrobium lagarum Seidenf.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Saraburi.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.

Habitat. Not recorded. Region. P: Phangnga.
Dendrobium lampongense J.J. Sm. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Moluku,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid Sumatra.
Region. P: Chunphon, Ranong, Satun. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Dendrobium monticola P. F. Hunt & Summerh.
Dendrobium lamyaiae Seidenf. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Nepal, Himalaya, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. E: no specic locality. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Laos. Dendrobium moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Dendrobium leonis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak;
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. NE: Phetchabun.
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Phanom; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Chon Buri, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Thammarat, Satun, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 300-800 m alt.
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Dendrobium mucronatum Seidenf.
Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Dendrobium lindleyi Steud. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium nanocompactum Seidenf.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Phrae, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Uttaradit, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Region. Without locality (probably Prachinburi).
Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri, Distribution. Endemic.
Chanthaburi, Trat. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Dendrobium nathanielis Rchb.f.
S. China, Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. NE: Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom;
mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P:
hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt. Surat Thani, Trang, Narathiwat.
Dendrobium linguella Rchb.f. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia,
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, 50-300 m alt.
Sumatra. Dendrobium ochreatum Lindl.
Dendrobium lituiorum Lindl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Loei.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Distribution. E Nepal, NE India, Banglasdesh, Myanmar,
Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi. Laos.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,600 m alt.
China, Laos, Vietnam. Dendrobium oligophyllum Gagnep.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
evergreen forest, 300-800 m alt. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Dendrobium lueckelianum Fessel & M. Wolff Chon Buri, Chanthaburi.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-700 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Dendrobium pachyglossum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1300 m alt.

Dendrobium mannii Ridl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Si Sa Ket; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Ranong.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Laos, Vietnam, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Peninsular Malaysia. evergreen forest, 100-1,200 m alt.
0-700 m alt.
Dendrobium pachyphyllum (Kuntze) Bakh. f.
Dendrobium metachilinum Rchb.f. Region. N: Tak; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat
144 1
Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Dendrobium perpaulum Seidenf.
Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800-2,000 m alt.
pine forest, 0-800 m alt.
Dendrobium planibulbe Lindl.
Dendrobium palpebrae Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Phangnga, Satun, Narathiwat.
Region. N: Nan; NE: Nakhon Phanom; SW: Phetchaburi; Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra,
SE: Prachin Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat. Philippines.
Distribution. Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Laos, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Dendrobium polyanthum Wall. ex Lindl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun,
Dendrobium pandaneti Ridl. Loei; SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. P: Phangnga, Trang. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Andaman Is.,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Dendrobium panduriferum Hook.f. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,600 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium porphyrochilum Lindl.
Region. N: Chumphon, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt. Phetchaburi; P: Krabi.
Dendrobium parciorum Rchb.f. ex Lindl. Distribution. Nepal, NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. N: Nan, Phitsanulok. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-2,000 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, S China, Laos, Dendrobium praecinctum Rchb.f.
Vietnam, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 500-800 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; NE: Loei.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, S China.
Dendrobium parcum Rchb.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Nakhon Dendrobium proteranthum Seidenf.
Phanom; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. Endemic.
400-1,500 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500 m alt.
Dendrobium parishii Rchb.f. Dendrobium pulchellum Roxb. ex Lindl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
NE: Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi. NE: Phetchabun,Loei; SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi;
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, C: Saraburi; P: Trang.
S China, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Dendrobium parvum Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium pycnostachyum Lindl.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-900 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Dendrobium peguanum Lindl. 500-1,100 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak. Dendrobium rhodostele Ridl.
Distribution. India, Nepal, C Himalaya, Myanmar. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Dendrobium pendulum Roxb. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-250 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang. Dendrobium salaccense (Blume) Lindl.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak, Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon

Nayok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Region. P: Pattani.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Sumatra. Dendrobium sociale J.J. Sm.
0-700 m alt. Region. SE: Trat.
Dendrobium sanguinolentum Lindl. Distribution. Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Region. P: Pattani. Dendrobium strongylanthum Rchb.f.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Philippines. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900 mm alt. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Hainan.
Dendrobium scabrilingue Lindl. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium stuposum Lindl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos. Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. 100-700 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium subulatum (Blume) Lindl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phrae, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Trang, Satun.
Nakhon, Mukdahan; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Satun.
Distribution. Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., Myanmar, Laos, Dendrobium sulcatum Lindl.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines. Region. N: Nan.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Laos.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt.
Dendrobium senile C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Dendrobium sukhakulii Hort.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; Region. N: Nan.
NE: Loei; P: Ranong. Distribution. Laos.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,500 m alt. Dendrobium sutepense Rolfe ex Downie
Dendrobium setifolium Ridl. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Sukhothai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,700 m alt.
Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Dendrobium terminale C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
0-500 m alt. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China,
Dendrobium signatum Rchb.f. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang,
Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Dendrobium thyrsiorum Rchb.f. ex Andr
Nakhon. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak;
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China,
300-1,300 m alt. Laos, Vietnam.
Dendrobium singaporense A.D. Hawkes & A.H. Heller
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium tortile Lindl.
Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt. Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani,
Phangnga, Phuket.
Dendrobium sinuatum (Lindl.) Lindl. ex Rchb.f. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Andaman Is.,
146 1
Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
evergreen forest, 100-1,300 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Dendrobium trigonopus Rchb.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium williamsonii Day & Rchb.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; NE: Phetchabun, Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: no specic localily.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Dendrobium trinervium Ridl. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium xanthophlebium Lindl.
Region. P: Phangnga, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia. Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar.
Dendrobium truncatum Lindl. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,700 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Dendrobium ypsilon Seidenf.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala. Region. P: Phatthalung.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Distribution. Endemic.
Sumatra. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt. Dendrochilum pallidiavens Blume
Dendrobium umbonatum Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Krabi, Songkhla, Yala.
Region. P: Trat. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Distribution. Vietnam. Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Philippines.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Dendrobium unicum Seidenf. Dendrochilum viride Seidenf.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-350 m alt.
Dendrobium uniorum Griff. Didymoplexiella ornata (Ridl.) Garay
Region. P: Pattani. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Phangnga, Yala,
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Narathiwat.
Sumatra, Sulawesi. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-900 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 150-400 m alt.
Dendrobium venustum Teijsm. & Binn. Didymoplexiella siamensis (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi; P: Ranong. Buengkan.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Japan.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
300-700 m alt. 500-1,000 m alt.
Dendrobium villosulum Wall. ex Lindl. Didymoplexiella trichechus (J.J. Sm.) Garay
Region. P: Ranong. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Distribution. Sumatra
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 150-500 m alt.
Dendrobium viridulum Ridl. Didymoplexiopsis khiriwongensis Seidenf.
Region. P: Phangnga. Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Si Thammarat, Satun.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Distribution. Hainan, Vietnam.
Dendrobium wardianum R. Warner Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Didymoplexis exipes J.J. Sm.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Vietnam. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,900 m alt. Distribution. Java.
Dendrobium wattii (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt.

Didymoplexis micradenia (Rchb. f .) Hemsl. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid. Region. P: Chumphon.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Distribution. Taiwan, Vietnam to W Pacic. Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-500 m alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Didymoplexis pallens Griff. Disperis neilgherrensis Wight
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. NE: Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Trang.
Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, Taiwan,
Trang. Japan, Java, New Guinea and Caroline Is.
Distribution. Afghanistan to SW Pacic. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 400- 1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-700 m alt. Drymoda picta Lindl.
Didymoplexis striata J.J. Sm. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi. Distribution. S Myanmar.
Distribution. Borneo, Java. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-500 m alt. Drymoda siamensis Schltr.
Dienia ophrydis (J. Knig) Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; E: Nakhon Distribution. Laos.
Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,200 m alt.
Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Narathiwat. Eclecticus chungii P. OByrne
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to SW Pacic. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. Cultivated.
evergreen forest, near sea level-1,200 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Dilochia wallichii Lindl. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Epigeneium amplum (Lindl.) Summerh.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala, Pattani, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Loei; SW: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan).
Java, Borneo and New Guinea. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Habitat. Tropical evergree forest, hill evergreen forest, China, Vietnam.
900-1,200 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,500 m alt.
Diplomeris pulchella D. Don Epigeneium fargesii (Finet) Gagnep.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. NE: Buengkan. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Distribution. Bhutan, E Himalaya, China, Taiwan.
Habitat. In rock crevices on sandstone plateau in mixed Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,700 m alt.
deciduos forest, 300-400 m alt.
Epigeneium nakaharae (Schltr.) Summerh.
Diploprora championii (Lindl.) Hook.f. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Rai; SW: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan).
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Distribution. Taiwan.
Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500 m alt.
Chanthaburi, Prachinburi; P: Ranong.
Distribution. S India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Himalaya, Epipactis ava Seidenf.
Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
1,200-1,900 m alt. Distribution. Laos.
Diploprora truncata Rolfe ex Downie
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Epipogium roseum (D. Don) Lindl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son; NE: Loei. Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,700 m alt. Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, phetchaburi; SE: Chon
Buri; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Dipodium paludosum (Griff.) Rchb.f. Distribution. Tropical Africa to SW Pacic.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Chumphon. evergreen forest, 0-high altitude
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines. Eria acervata Lindl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, swamp forest, 50-100 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: widely distributed; NE: Phetchabun; E:
Dipodium pictum (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
148 1
Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi. Eria brevicaulis Seidenf.
Distribution. Nepal, Myanmar, China, Laos, Cambodia, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Vietnam. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous Distribution. Endemic.
forest, dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,600 m alt.
500-1,300 m alt.
Eria carinata Gibson
Eria afnis Griff. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Vietnam, Peninsular
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun. Malaysia.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. 1,300-2,300 m alt.
Eria amica Rchb.f. Eria cepifolia Ridl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak, Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat , Narathiwat.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-500 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Laos,
Vietnam.
Eria clavicaulis Wall. ex Lindl.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest,
1,000-1,800 m alt.
Eria apertiora Summerh. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,800 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Eria concolor C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Buri; P: Ranong, Surat Thani.
Distribution. Nepal, Myanmar.
800-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Eria bambusifolia Lindl. dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 300-1,300 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei.
Eria conica Summerh.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,100 -1,500 m alt.
Eria biora Griff. Habitat. No information available.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Eria coronaria (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Phatthalung, Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Vietnam.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Borneo, Java,
Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,400 m alt. Eria cristata Rolfe
Eria bilobulata Seidenf.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
Distribution. Myanmar, China.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
1,200-1,500 m alt.
Eria bipunctata Lindl. Eria dasypus Rchb.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, S China,
Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
100-1,400 m alt.
Eria bractescens Lindl. Eria densa Ridl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai; NE:
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen, Nakhon Phanom; E:
Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra.
Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi, Uthai Thani; SE:
Chon Buri; P: Krabi, Phangnga, Trang.
Distribution. Tropical Asia from India to New Guinea. Eria discolor Lindl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
100-700 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Nan,

Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; Region. SE: Trat.
SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Narathiwat. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 150 m alt.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra Eria lineoligera Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
evergreen forest, 300-1,300 m alt. Region. N: Tak.
Eria eriopsidobulbon C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Eria longifolia Hook.f.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,300 m alt. Region. P: Pattani.
Eria oribunda Lindl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Eria marginata Rolfe
Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Ranong, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Phangnga, Satun. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Borneo, Sumatra, Distribution. Myanmar, S China.
Philippines. Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,100-1,500 m alt.
50-1,400 m alt. Eria merguensis Lindl.
Eria globulifera Seidenf. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phetchaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Distribution. Myanmar.
Chanthaburi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. India, Laos, Vietnam. 450-1,100 m alt.
300-1,200 m alt. Eria mucronata Lindl.
Eria javanica (Sw.) Blume Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Yala, Pattani,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Narathiwat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Yala, Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea.
Pattani. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Borneo, Java,
Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines, New Eria muscicola (Lindl.) Lindl.
Guinea. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; E:
300-800 m alt. Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE:
Trat; P: Phatthalung.
Eria lacei Summerh. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, China,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Laos, Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,900 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600-1,700 m alt. Eria myristiciformis Hook.
Eria lancifolia Hook.f. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Kanchanaburi.
Region. P: Surat Thani. Distribution. Myanmar.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. 300-2,100 m alt.
Eria laniceps Rchb.f. Eria neglecta Ridl.
Region. NE: Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos. Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200 m alt.
Eria lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod Eria nutans Lindl.
Region. Widely distributed. Region. P: Pattani.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra.
Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900 m alt.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
forest, tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Eria obesa Lindl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Eria latilabellis Seidenf. Distribution. Nepal, Myanmar.
150 1
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, Eria pulchella Lindl.
Eria oblitterata (Blume) Rchb.f. Region. SW: Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Narathiwat.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Distribution. Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Pattani, Yala. Sulawesi, Sumatra.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level to 500 m alt.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is. Eria pusilla (Griff.) Lindl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
600-900 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Eria ochracea Rolfe Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 900-1,500 m alt.
Region. P: Satun. Eria robusta (Blume) Lindl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Region. P: Pattani.
Eria ornata (Blume) Lindl. Distribution. S Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea, W Pacic.
Region. P: Krabi, Surat Thani, Satun. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,100 m alt.
Distribution. Boneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines. Eria siamensis Schltr.
200-450 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Eria pachystachya Lindl. Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Krabi.
Region. P: Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun. Distribution. Vietnam.
Distribution. Vietnam, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, 600-1,500 m alt.
700-1,300 m alt. Eria simplex Seidenf.
Eria paniculata Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Distribution. Endemic.
Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, 450-900 m alt.
China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Eria spicata (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz.
Borneo. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
600-1,500 m alt. Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Eria pannea Lindl. Distribution. Nepal, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. Widely distributed. 300-2,100 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Laos, Eria sutepensis Rolfe ex Downie
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
evergreen forest, 800-1,800 m alt. NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi.
Eria pellipes Rchb.f. ex Hook.f. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Eria tenuiora Ridl.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-500 m alt. Region. SE: Trat; P: Phangnga, Trang, Krabi.
Eria perpusilla S.C.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level to 600 m alt.
P: Ranong. Eria tomentosa (J. Knig) Hook.f.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW:
near sea level to 800 m alt. Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani,
Eria pilifera Ridl. Phangnga.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Vietnam.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evegreen forest, dry evergreen forest, near sea level to 200 m alt.
100-1,000 m alt.

Eria trilophota Lindl. Habitat. Upper montane forest, 1,500-1,900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Eulophia andamanensis Rchb.f.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. No information available. Distribution. Andaman Is., Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos,
Eria truncata Lindl. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Beach forest, dry evergreen forest, tropical
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Eulophia angustilabris Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan.
1,200-1,700 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Eria vittata Lindl. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Eulophia bicallosa (D. Don) P. F. Hunt & Summerh.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600-1,700 m alt. Distribution. Tropical Asia to N Australia.
Eria wildiana Rolfe ex Downie Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-900 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Eulophia chaunanthe Seidenf.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. NE: Udon Thani.
Habitat. Upper montane scrub forest, 1,600-2,000 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Eria xanthocheila Ridl. Habitat. Not recorded, 200 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Eulophia dufossei Guillaumin
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Phetchaburi; P: Ranong. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; C: Pathum Thani.
Distribution. Myanmar, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Not recorded, 50-100 m alt.
500-1,000 m alt.
Eulophia ava (Lindl.) Hook.f.
Eriodes barbata (Lindl.) Rolfe Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. NE: Phetchabun.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S Vietnam.
China, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Eulophia graminea Lindl.
Erythrodes blumei (Lindl.) Schltr. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. Widely distributed.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to Marianas.
Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, mixed deciduous forest, 0-300 m alt.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Eulophia herbacea Lindl.
evergreen forest, 500- 1,600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Phetchabun; E: Nakhon
Erythrodes hirsuta (Griff.) Ormerod Ratchasima; SE: Sa Kaeo.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Region. NE: Phetchabun. Laos.
Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Hainan, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, ca 900 m alt. evergreen forest, 100-900 m alt.
Erythrorchis altissima (Blume) Blume Eulophia macrobulbon (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Hook.f.
Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Sa Kaeo, Trat; P:

Chumphon, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Yala.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, China, Japan, Taiwan,
Phanom, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket; SW: Phetchaburi.
Philippines.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 700 m alt.
Esmeralda clarkei Rchb.f. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,100 m alt.
Eulophia pauciora Guillaumin
Distribution. Nepal, NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S
China, Vietnam.
152 1
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Region. P: Phangnga, Pattani.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Java,
450-1,100 m alt. Sumatra, New guinea, Solomon Is., N Queensland..
Eulophia promensis Lindl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Flickingeria mbriata (Blume) A.D. Hawkes
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos. Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 650 m alt. Nayok; SW: Trat; P: Surat Thani, Trang, Yala.
Eulophia siamensis Rolfe ex Downie Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Nicobar Is.,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Andaman Is., S China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.,
Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket. Sulawesi, Philippines.
Distribution. S China. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill 0-700 m alt.
evergreen forest, 200-1,100 m alt. Flickingeria forcipata (Kraenzl.) A.D. Hawkes
Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. P: Krabi.
Region. Widely distributed. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to W Pacic. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Flickingeria fugax (Rchb.f.) Seidenf.
mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
hill evergreen forest, 0-2,100 m alt. Region. N: Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) J.J. Sm. Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid. Distribution. India, Nepal, C Himalaya, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Region. N: Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Ratchasima; Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest,
SW: Phetchaburi. 300-800 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to Queensland. Flickingeria insularis Seidenf.
Flickingeria albopurpurea Seidenf. Region. P: Phuket, Satun.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam. Flickingeria pallens (Kraenzl.) A.D. Hawkes
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
300-600 m alt. Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si
Flickingeria angustifolia (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Thammarat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Distribution. China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Flickingeria pardalina (Rchb.f.) Seidenf.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Surat Thani,
700-1,000 m alt. Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Flickingeria appendiculata (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Distribution. Peninsula Malaysia.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. P: Phangnga. 100-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra. Flickingeria parishii Seidenf.
Flickingeria bancana (J.J. Sm.) A.D. Hawkes Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Kanchanaburi.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Distribution. Myanmar.
Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Borneo, Sumatra. evergreen forest, 300-1,100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt. Flickingeria ritaeana (King & Pantl.) A.D. Hawkes
Flickingeria compressa Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Tak; Sw: Phetchaburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. NE India, Vietnam.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, 700-1,100 m alt.
600-800 m alt. Flickingeria unibulbis Seidenf.
Flickingeria convexa (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Narathiwat.

Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 250 m alt. Gastrochilus obliquus (Lindl.) Kuntze var. suavis
Flickingeria xantholeuca (Rchb.f.) A.D. Hawkes (Seidenf.) Z. H. Tsi
Region. N: Surat Thani, Pattani, Narathiwat. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-200 m alt. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest,
600-800 m alt.
Galeola cathcartii Hook.f.
Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid. Gastrochilus pseudodistichus (King & Pantl.) Schltr.
Distribution. NE India. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,000 m alt. Distribution. NE India, C Himalaya, E Himalaya, S China,
Taiwan, Vietnam.
Galeola nudifolia Lour. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,600-1,700 m alt.
Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Gastrochilus rutilans Seidenf.
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi; Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani. Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,400 m alt.
Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Philippines. Gastrochilus sukhakulii Seidenf.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
hill evergreen forest, 50-1,100 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Gastrochilus bellinus (Rchb.f.) Kuntze Distribution. Myanmar.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Gastrochilus sutepensis (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf. &
Distribution. Myanmar, S. China, Laos, Vietnam. Smitinand
Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch. -Ham. ex Sm.) D. Don Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Nakhon Sawan.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Gastrochilus yunnanensis Schltr.
Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Hainan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Distribution. Bangladesh, S China, Vietnam.
Philippines. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,600 m alt.
200-1,400 m alt. Gastrodia exilis Hook.f.
Gastrochilus hainanensis Z. H. Tsi Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phisanulok; NE: Loei; SE: Chon
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Buri; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. S India, NE India, N Sumatra.
Distribution. C Hainan, Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, evergreen forest, 700-1,500 alt.
200-800 m alt.
Gastrodia mbriata Suddee
Gastrochilus intermedius (Griff. ex Lindl.) Kuntze Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SW: Phetchaburi.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, S China, Vietnam. Hatitat: Tropical evergreen forest, 700-900 m alt.
Gastrodia javanica (Blume) Lindl.
Gastrochilus minor Seidenf. (nom. illeg.) Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Nakon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat , Satun.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. China, Taiwan, Nansei-shoto, Peninsular
Distribution. Endemic. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Gastrochilus obliquus (Lindl.) Kuntze var. obliquus Gastrodia theana Aver.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. C: Nakhon Nayok.
Region. Widely distributed. Distribution. Vietnam.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, C Himalaya, Andaman Is., Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700 m alt.
Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Gastrodia verrucosa Blume
mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt.
154 1
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra. Ryukyu, Vietnam, Java, Philippines.
Habitat. Lower montane forest, 1,200 m alt. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Geodorum appendiculatum Griff. evergreen forest, 500-1,650 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Goodyera hispida Lindl.
Region. SE: Trat. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. NE India. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Geodorum attenuatum Griff. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook.
Region. Widely distributed. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Hainan, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak; NE:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Phetchabun; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-900 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Geodorum citrinum Jacks. Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Japan, Indochina, Borneo,
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Sumatra, Java, Philippines.
Region. Widely distributed. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. deciduous and hill evergreen forests, 500-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Goodyera pusilla Blume
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,200 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Geodorum densiorum (Lam.) Schltr. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Songkhla.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 500 m alt.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi; SE: Chon Goodyera schlechtendaliana Rchb.f.
Buri; P: Surat Thani. Habit. Terrestrial Orchid.
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia to W Pacic. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; P:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
mixed deciduous forest, 50-700 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,
Geodorum pulchellum Ridl. Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-2,100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan. Goodyera thailandica Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial Orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,000 Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nong Khai; E: Nakhon
m alt. Ratchasima.
Geodorum recurvum (Roxb.) Alston Distribution. India (Orissa).
Habit. Terrestrail orchid Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Udon 200-1,150 m alt.
Thani, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Goodyera viridiora (Blume) Blume
Kanchanaburi. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Hainan, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E:
Cambodia, Vietnam. Chaiyaphum; C: Nakhon Nayo; P: Phangnga, Krabi,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous, hill Yala.
evergreen forest, 200-1,300 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,
Geodorum siamense Rolfe ex Downie Taiwan, Ryukyu, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Queensland, SW
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei, Mukdahan, Pacic Is.
Khon Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi, Uthai Thani. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,650 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
200-500 m alt. Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chon Buri, Sa Kaeo; P: Chumphon,
Goodyera bida (Blume) Blume Surat Thani, Trang, Satun.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Prachuap Khiri Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Sulawesi,
Khan. Philippines, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Solomon Is., Fiji.
Sulawesi, Timor. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-2,100 m alt. 0-300 m alt.
Goodyera fumata Thwaites Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.

Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak; SW: Region. Widely distributed.
Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Andaman Is., Myanmar, S China, Hainan,
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,

Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines. Habenaria ciliolaris Kraenzl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
0-500 m alt. Region. N: Nan.
Grosourdya callifera Seidenf. Distribution. SE china, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habenaria commelinifolia (Roxb.) Wall. ex Lindl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Grosourdya muscosa (Rolfe) Garay Region. N: Chiang Rai; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Lop Buri;
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. SE: Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Grassy places in dipterocarp forest, 50-400 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-200 m alt. Habenaria corymbosa C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Habenaria acuifera Wall. ex Lindl. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei;
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
Phetchabun, Loei, Kalasin; E: Chaiyaphum, Surin, Si Sa Distribution. Myanmar.
Ket , Ubon Ratchathani. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Indochina, evergreen forest, 600-1,900 m alt.
Peninsular Malaysia. Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry deciduous Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,300 m alt. Region. widely distributed.
Habenaria amplexicaulis Rolfe ex Downie Distribution. Himalaya to China, Japan, Peninsular
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Malaysia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae, Tak; NE: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Mukdahan. evergreen forest, mixed
Distribution. Vietnam. deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, 50-1,800
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, m alt.
200-1,300 m alt. Habenaria diphylla (Nimmo) Dalzell
Habenaria anomaliora Kurzweil & Chantanaorr. Habit. Terrestrial Orchid
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son; NE: Loei,
Region. C: Nakhon Nayok. Buengkan, Sakon Nakhon; C: Nakhon Nayok; E:
Distribution. Laos. Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Secoundary evergreen forest, scrub forest over Distribution. India to China, Philippines.
sandstone; 700-850 m alt. Habitat. Sandy soil in dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill
Habenaria austrosinensis Tang & F.T. Wang
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habenaria erostrata Tang & F.T. Wang
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Prachin Buri. Region. SE: Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri.
Distribution. China. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Grassland; 50 m alt.
Habenaria avana Hook.f. Habenaria falcatopetala Seidenf.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Old rice eld; 800 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,650 m alt.
Habenaria carnea Weathers Habenaria furcifera Lindl.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Nakhon Si Region. widely distributed, except Peninsular Thailand.
Thammarat, Trang, Satun. Distribution. Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. S China, Laos.
Habitat. On limestone rocks in tropical evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed
low altitudes. deciduous forests, 100-1,050 m alt.
Habenaria chlorina C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Habenaria godefroyi Rchb.f.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun , Phrae, Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani.
Sukhothai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Nakhon. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos. 250-900 m alt.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen Habenaria hastata Seidenf.
forest, 359-1,300 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
156 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak. Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok ,
Distribution. Endemic. Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,100 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam,
Habenaria holotricha Gagnep. Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei. 300-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Laos. Habenaria mandersii Collett & Hemsl.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, upper montane scrub Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
forest, 900-2,000 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Kalasin; E: Ubon Ratchathani;
Habenaria hosseusii Schltr. SE: Prachin Buri.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, open oak-pine forest,
Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: 250-1,050 m alt.
Phetchabun, Sakon Nakhon; E: Buri Ram; SW: Uthai Habenaria marginata Colebr.
Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang , Phrae.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp Distribution. Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
forest, 50-900 m alt. Myanmar, S China.
Habenaria humidicola Rolfe Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 200-1,100 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habenaria medioexa Turrill
Distribution. S China. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Sawan;
Habitat. Upper montane scrub forest, ca 1,600 m alt. NE: Loei, Nong Khai; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Habenaria khasiana Hook.f. Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. S China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Sukhothai; NE: Loei, Buengkan, Malaysia.
Sakon Nakhon; E: Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat. bamboo forest, 100-400 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Indochina. Habenaria myriotricha Gagnep.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, pine forest, near Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
sea level to 1,300 m alt. Region. N: Tak, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Unknown locality.
Habenaria limprichtii Schltr. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. In limestone crevices; 600 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok. Habenaria poilanei Gagnep.
Distribution. S & C China, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, pine forest, 1,100-2,000 m alt. Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Rayong.
Habenaria lindleyana Steud. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Open area among granite rocks; ca 100 m alt.
Region. widely distributed. Habenaria porphyricola Schltr.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak; NE:
deciduous, pine and bamboo forests, to 1,000 m alt. Loei.
Habenaria longitheca Seidenf. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Deciduous forest, 100-700 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habenaria reexa Blume
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 950-1,550 m alt. Region. NE: Loei; P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Habenaria lucida Wall. ex Lindl. Phatthalung, Songkhla.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Java.
Phayao, Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Tak; NE: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-1,200 m alt.
Phetchabun, Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin; E: Habenaria reniformis (D. Don) Hook.f.
Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga.
Buri, Chon Buri. Distribution. India, Nepal, S China, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Indochina. Sumatra.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Bamboo or scrub forests over sandstone or
50-1,300 m alt. limestone; 150-850 m alt.
Habenaria malintana (Blanco) Merr. Habenaria rhodocheila Hance
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Region. widely distributed.

Distribution. Myanmar, SE China, Laos, Vietnam, Habenaria viridiora (Rottler ex Sw.) R. Br.
Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and mixed Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket;
deciduous forests, often SE: Prachin Buri.
near streams, 200-1,300 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, S China,
Habenaria rostellifera Rchb.f. Indochina.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Grassy areas, rice elds; 100-200 m alt.
Region. widely distributed. Hemipilia calophylla E.C. Parish & Rchb.f.
Distribution. S China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Open areas in deciduous forest, savanna, marshy Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; SW:
places, to 1,100 m alt. Kanchanaburi.
Habenaria rostrata Wall. ex Lindl. Distribution. Myanmar, China, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Limestone crevices in hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Sakon 650-1,700 m alt.
Nakhon, Mukdahan; E: Amnat Charoen, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Vuijk
Ratchathani; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai , Phayao, Nan, Tak.
Habitat. Open areas in deciduous forest, savanna, pine Distribution. N India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,
forest, 50-1,100 m alt. Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java,
Habenaria rumphii (Brongn.) Lindl. Philippines, Sulawesi, Timor.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Open places in hill evergreen forest on limestone;
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: 900-2,300 m alt.
Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket; SE: Prachin Buri, Sa Kaeo; P: Herpysma longicaulis Lindl.
Krabi. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Moluccas, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:
Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Kanchanaburi.
Guinea ans Queensland. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,
Habitat. Grassland, marshy areas, pine forest, 50-1,300 m alt. Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habenaria siamensis Schltr. Habitat. Humus rich, moist places in hill evergreen forest,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. 1,200-1,700 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Sakon Hetaeria afnis (Griff.) Seidenf. & Ormerod
Nakhon. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. S China. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Nan, Tak, Phitsanulok; SE:
Habitat. Grassy places; 150-1,500 m alt. Chanthaburi.
Habenaria stenopetala Lindl. Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai , Chiang Rai, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani. 650-1,050 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Hetaeria alta Ridl.
S China, S Japan, Vietnam, Philippines. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. P: Ranong.
500-1,700 m alt. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habenaria thailandica Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-400 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Hetaeria anomala Lindl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai , Phayao, Lampang, Tak; SW: Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Region. N: Phitsanulok; P: Ranong, Satun.
Ranong. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Hainan, Taiwan,
Distribution. Indochina. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp Philippines.
forest, bamboo forest, 20-650 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, c 1,100 m alt.
Habenaria trichosantha Lindl. Hetaeria armata Ormerod & H.A. Pedersen
Region. N: Sukhothai. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. No information available. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Habenaria vidua C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Hetaeria nlaysoniana Seidenf.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat
Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Thani.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S China.
Habitat. In limestone rock crevices, 700-1,800 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, to
158 1
800 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100 m alt.
Hetaeria obliqua Blume Ipsea thailandica Seidenf.
Region. P: Satun. Region. NE: without exact locality.
Distribution. Hainan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Distribution. Endemic.
Borneo. Habitat. No information available.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Lecanorchis betongensis Suddee & H.A. Pedersen
Hetaeria oblongifolia Blume Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. P: Yala.
Region. N: Tak; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; Distribution. Endemic.
SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 500-600 m alt.
C: Lop Buri; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat Lecanorchis javanica Blume
Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Distribution. From Sri Lanka to Japan, to NE Australia, SW Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Pacic Is. Distribution. Vietnam, Java.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
to 500 m alt. 1,000-1450 m alt.
Hetaeria youngsayei Ormerod Lecanorchis malaccensis Ridl.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; P:
Uthai Thani; SE: Chanthaburi. Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Hainan, Hong Kong. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
100-500 m alt. evergreen forest, 100-1,400 m alt.
Holcoglossum amesianum (Rchb.f.) Christenson Lecanorchis multiora J.J. Sm.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Laos, Trang, Narathiwat.
Cambodia. Distribution. S China, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest. Sumatra.
Holcoglossum kimballianum (Rchb.f.) Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
100-1,200 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Lecanorchis nigricans Honda
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-1,700 m alt. Distribution. Japan, Taiwan, S China.
Holcoglossum subulifolium (Rchb.f.) Christenson Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Liparis atrosanguinea Ridl.
Loei. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Hainan, Vietnam. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,600 m alt. Phangnga.
Hygrochilus parishii (Veitch & Rchb.f.) Ptzer Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Sumatra.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Ubon Liparis aurita Ridl.
Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Laos, Vietnam. P: Chumphon, Phangnga.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous Distribution. Lesser Sunda Is.
forest, dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
100-900 m alt.
Liparis balansae Gagnep.
Hylophila lanceolata (Blume) Miq. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Region. P: Satun. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Distribution. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt.
Liparis barbata Lindl.
Ione rutilans Seidenf. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Krabi.

Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Hainan, Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, New Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.
Guinea. Liparis gibbosa Finet
evergreen forest, 50-1,000 m alt. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Satun,
Liparis bicolor J.J. Sm. Songkhla, Yala.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang). Malaysis, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is.,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java and Sumatra. Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Fiji, New
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, ca 500 m alt. Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu.
Liparis bistriata C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Liparis jovispluvii C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S china. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet; SW:
Liparis bootanensis Griff. Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhong Ratchasima; Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen
SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan. forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. C Himalaya to Japan and Malesia. Liparis lacerata Ridl.
Liparis caespitosa (Lam.) Lindl. Region. P: Ranong.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Region. Rather widely distributed. Sumatra.
Distribution. Tanzania to Mozambique, Tropical Asia and S Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.
Pacic. Liparis latifolia Lindl.
evergreen forest, 500-1,800 m alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Liparis condylobulbon Rchb.f. Distribution. S china, Hainan, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, New Guinea.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phuket. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-400 m alt.
Distribution. Taiwan, Indochina to SW Pacic. Liparis luteola Lindl.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
300-500 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Liparis distans C.B. Clarke Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S china,
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, S china, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl.
Philippines. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; SE: Trat.
Liparis downii Ridl. Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical regions.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; E: Chaiyaphum; P: 300-700 m alt.
Songkhla. Liparis nigra Seidenf.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Cambodia. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun.
400-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Vietnam.
Liparis elliptica Wight Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,600 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Liparis odorata (Willd.) Lindl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Habit. Terrestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet; SW:
Ranong. Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh,
Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Vietnam, Java, Philippines, Fiji, Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Nansei-shoto, Laos,
New Caledonia, Samoa. Cambodia, Vietnam, Caroline Is.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
400-1,300 m alt. evergreen forest, 200-1,100 m alt.
Liparis ferruginea Lindl. Liparis parviora (Blume) Lindl.
Region. P: Phangnga. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Phangnga.
Distribution. S China, Hong Kong, Cambodia, Vietnam, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
160 1
Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea. dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) A. Rich.
Liparis petiolata (D. Don) P. F. Hunt & Summerh. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: widely distributed.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Peninsular
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, S. China, Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines.
Vietnam. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 20-700 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 2,100 m alt. Luisia antennifera Blume
Liparis plantaginea Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Yala.
Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Vietnam. Sumatra.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-300 m alt.
evergreen forest, 300-1,200 m alt. Luisia brachystachys (Lindl.) Blume
Liparis regnieri Finet Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P:
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Trang.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 750 m alt. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Liparis resupinata Ridl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. evergreen forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Luisia curtisii Seidenf.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, S China. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; P: Phangnga, Satun.
Liparis rheedei Lindl. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid. Philippines.
Region. P: Phatthalung, Narathiwat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
Lesser Sunda Is., New Guinea. Luisia liformis Hook.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 600-1,000 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Liparis rhombea J.J. Sm. Region. N: Phrae.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, S China,
Region. P: Ranong. Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt. 200-500 m alt.
Liparis siamensis Rolfe ex Downie Luisia macrotis Rchb.f.

Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos. Distribution. NE India, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
forest, dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, evergreen forest, 0-1,100 m alt.
300-1,500 m alt. Luisia morsei Rolfe
Liparis tenuis Rolfe ex Downie Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei. Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,300 m alt. Luisia primulina C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Liparis tschangii Schltr. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. NE: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Phetchabun; E: Distribution. Andaman Is., Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia.
Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam. Luisia psyche Rchb.f.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
forest, dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang,
300-1,400 m alt. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Ubon
Liparis viridiora (Blume) Lindl. Ratchathani.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. Widely distributed. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill
Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia. evergreen forest, 200-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Luisia recurva Seidenf.

Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Surat Thani, Narathiwat.
Region. NE: Chaiyaphum, Loei. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Distribution. Endemic. Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines.
Luisia secunda Seidenf. Malleola dentifera J.J. Sm.
Region. NE: Nong Khai; P: Ranong, Narathiwat. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Distribution. Endemic. Ratchasima; C: Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
0-300 m alt. Borneo, Sumatra.
Luisia thailandica Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Malleola insectifera (J.J. Sm.) J.J. Sm. & Schltr.
Chaiyaphum. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Moluku.
forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 400-500 m alt.
700-1,300 m alt. Malleola macranthera (Ridl.) Holttum
Luisia trichorrhiza (Hook.) Blume Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Trang, Yala.
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan; E: Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Malleola penangiana (Hook.f.) J.J. Sm. & Schltr.
Myanmar. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, dry Region. SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Yala.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, 50-700 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Luisia tristis (G. Forst.) Hook.f. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Malleola seidenfadenii Christenson
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Lampang, Tak; SW: Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri. Region. N: Phetchabun.
Distribution. Tropical Asia to W Pacic. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 500-900 m alt.
50-300 m alt.
Malleola sylvestris (Ridl.) Garay
Luisia zollingeri Rchb.f. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Yala.
Region. Widely distributed. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Andaman Is., S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Micropera obtusa (Lindl.) Tang & F.T. Wang
mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt. Region. P: Phangnga.
Distribution. Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
Macodes petola (Blume) Lindl. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani. Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Philippines. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia,
Laos, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Macropodanthus alatus (Holttum) Seidenf. & Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. mixed deciduous forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
Region. SE: Sa Kaeo.
Distribution. Andaman Is., Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Micropera rostrata (Roxb.) N. P. Balakr.
0-300 m alt. Region. N: Tak; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya.
Malaxis chamaeorchis (Schltr.) Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. 500-1,300 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Micropera thailandica (Seidenf. & Smitinand) Garay
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
170-1,400 m alt. Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon
Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun.
Malleola aberrans (Schltr.) J.J. Sm. Distribution. Vietnam.
162 1
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-700 m alt. Pacic.
Microsaccus grifthii (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 300-1,300
m alt.
Region. SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Phangnga, Nervilia cumberlegii Seidenf. & Smitinand
Trang, Pattani. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines. Distribution. Taiwan.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-200 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 750 m alt.
Monomeria barbata Lindl. Nervilia khaoyaica Suddee, Watthana & S. W. Gale
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Distribution. Endemic.
Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700-800 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-2,200 m alt. Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr.
Monomeria longipes (Rchb.f.) Aver. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. forest, 500-600 m alt.
Myrmechis pumila (Hook.f.) Tang & F.T. Wang Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatt. & McCann
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China, SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi,
Vietnam. Trang, Satun, Pattani.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, ca 2,320 m alt. Distribution. India, E Himalaya, Laos.
Neogyna gardneriana (Lindl.) Rchb.f. mixed deciduous forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Nervilia maculata (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Schltr.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,300-1,600 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume forest, 300-500 m alt.
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr.
Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines. Chumphon, Surat Thani.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to N Australia.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-1,000 m alt.
Nephelaphyllum tenuiorum Blume
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Nervilia punctata (Blume) Makino
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Nakhon Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Ratchasima; P: Surat Thani. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Distribution. Hong Kong, Hainan, Vietnam, Peninsular Distribution. Tropical Asia to Fiji.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Neuwiedia siamensis de Vogel
evergreen forest, 500-1,400 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Nervilia aragoana Gaudich. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Nakhon Phanom, Khon Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-800 m alt.
Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; Neuwiedia singapureana (Wall. ex Baker) Rolfe
P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Satun. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to Pacic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt. Borneo, Sumatra.
Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Oberonia acaulis Griff.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Prachin Buri. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical old world to SW

Ratchasima. Oberonia gammiei King & Pantl.
Distribution. India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat;
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-2,300 m alt. P: Phatthalung.
Oberonia anthropophora Lindl. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Laos, Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, mixed deciduous forest, 0-800 m alt.
Peninsular Malaysia. Oberonia grifthiana Lindl.
Oberonia brachystachys Lindl. Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SE: Chon Buri; P: Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Surat Thani. Oberonia helferi Hook.f.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Peninsular Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Malaysia. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Myanmar.
evergreen forest, 100-1,100 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 500-600 m alt.
Oberonia cavaleriei Finet Oberonia jenkinsiana Griff. ex Lindl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest. China, Vietnam.
Oberonia dolichocaulis Seidenf. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Oberonia kanburiensis Seidenf.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 840 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Oberonia emarginata King & Pantl. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Oberonia kwangsiensis Seidenf.
Ratchasima. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Vietnam. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
700-1,400 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
Oberonia ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl. 300-500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Oberonia langbianensis Gagnep.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Vietnam. Distribution. Vietnam.
Oberonia falcata King & Pantl. Oberonia longibracteata Lindl.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok. Region. P: Ranong.
Distribution. Nepal, E Himalaya, Vietnam, Peninsular Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, S China, Hainan, Vietnam.
Malaysia, Sumatra. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,200 m alt.
Oberonia longirachis Seidenf. & H. A. Peders.
Oberonia falconeri Hook.f. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; Distribution. Endemic.
SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Laos, Vietnam,
Peninsular Malaysia.
Oberonia lycopodioides (J. Knig) Ormerod
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest,
300-900 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular
Oberonia fungumolens Burkill Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Sulawesi,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Philippines.
Region. P: Phatthalung. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Oberonia maxima C.S.P. Parish ex Hook.f.
164 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai. 500-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar. Oberonia rasmussenii Seidenf.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
600-1,300 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Oberonia miniata Lindl. Distribution. Vietnam.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Oberonia rulabris Lindl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Trat; P: Ranong,
Narathiwat.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; China, Hainan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malysia.
SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Krabi. evergreen forest, 50-1,900 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S Oberonia spiralis Lindl.
China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines. Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Celebes,
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,400 m alt. New Guinea.
Oberonia nitida Seidenf. Habit. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-250 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Oberonia teres Kerr
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, 600 m alt. Distribution. NE India, S China.
Oberonia obcordata Lindl. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, 300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Oberonia variabilis Kerr
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, S China. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,900 m alt. Distribution. SE Hainan, Vietnam.
Oberonia pachyphylla King & Pantl. Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Oberonioides oberoniiora (Seidenf.) Szlach.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid.
Chumphon, Satun. Region. SE: Trat.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Vietnam. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Oberonia pachyrachis Rchb.f. ex Hook.f. Odontochilus brevistylus Hook.f.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S Distribution. SE Tibet , S China, Vietnam, Peninsular
China, Vietnam. Malaysia.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 750-1,200 m alt.
800-1,300 m alt.
Odontochilus duplex (Holttum) Ormerod
Oberonia prainiana King & Pantl. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Chumphon. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Peninsular Malaysia, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, ca 750 m alt.
Java.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Odontochilus elwesii C.B. Clarke ex Hook.f.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-700 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan;
Oberonia pumilio Rchb.f. NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China, Taiwan,
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga. Vietnam.
Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Sumatra. 800-1,450 m alt.
Odontochilus lanceolatus (Lindl.) Blume
Oberonia pyrulifera Lindl. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi. Phet.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, S China. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China,

Taiwan, Vietnam. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-2,000 m alt. Vietnam.
Odontochilus macranthus Hook.f. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 2,200-2,500 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Pachystoma pubescens Blume
Region. P: Yala. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, ca 1,200 m alt. Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to SW Pacic.
Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Habit. Holomycotrophic Orchid. mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,600 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang. Panisea apiculata Lindl.
Distribution. Myanmar, SE Tibet, S China, Vietnam, Japan. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, ca 1,350 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang. Panisea distelidia I. D. Lund
Distribution. Myanmar, SE Tibet, S China, Vietnam and Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Japan. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, ca 1,350 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar.
Odontochilus tortus King & Pantl. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Panisea tricallosa Rolfe
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Bhutan, Myanmar, SE Tibet, S China, Laos, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok.
Vietnam. Distribution. NE India,Nepal, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,200 m alt.
750-1,560 m alt. Panisea uniora (Lindl.) Lindl.
Odontochilus uniorus (Blume) H.A. Pedersen & Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Ormerod Region. Widely distributed.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, S china,
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-800 m alt. 500-1,300 m alt.
Ornithochilus difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Schltr Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. Widely distributed. Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S china, Laos, Distribution. Hainan, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f.) Stein
evergreen forest, 0-1,600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Ornithochilus yingjiangensis Z.H.Tsi Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. W Myanmar, SW China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest.
Distribution. S China. Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb.f.) Stein var. callosum
Habitat. Lower montane forest, 1,700-1,800 m alt.
Otochilus albus Lindl. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; SE: Trat.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SW: Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam. 300-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-2,300 m alt. Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb.f.) Stein var. potentianum
Otochilus fuscus Lindl. (O. Gruss & Roeth) P.J. Cribb
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Region. Occurrence unknown.
Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Distribution. Endemic.
Chanthaburi, Trat. Habitat. Not recorded, 700-950 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam,
Cambodia.
Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb.f.) Stein var. sublaeve
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,600 m alt. (Rchb.f.) P.J. Cribb
Otochilus porrectus Lindl. Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga, Krabi, Songkhla.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Pen. Thailand to NW. Pen. Malaysia.
166 1
Paphiopedilum charlesworthii (Rolfe) Ptzer Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Lower montane scrub forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Paphiopedilum thaianum Iamwir.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, SW China. Region. P: Phangnga.
Habitat. Limestone cliffs in hill evergreen forest, Distribution. Endemic.
1,200-1,600 m alt. Habitat. Limestone cliffs in tropical evergreen forest,
Paphiopedilum concolor (Lindl. ex Bateman) Ptzer 350-450 m alt.
Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum O. Gruss & Roellke
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid.
Region. widely distributed. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. SE Myanmar, SW China, Indochina. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. On limestone cliffs in mixed deciduous forest, dry Distribution. SW China.
evergreen forest, Habitat. In shade of evergreen forest, 500-750 m alt.
hill evergreen forest, 90-1,000 m alt.
Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein
Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi. NE: Loei; SE: Trat.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, SW China, Laos.
Habitat. On limestone cliffs in tropical evergreen forest, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-2,000 m alt.
near sea level.
Papilionanthe biswasiana (Ghose & Mukerjee) Garay
Paphiopedilum godefroyae (God. Leb.) Stein var.
godefroyae Habit. Lithophytic orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Krabi. Distribution. Myanmar, S China.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Upper montane forest, 2,000-2,100 m alt.
Habitat. In shade on limestone; 0-100 m alt.
Papilionanthe hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
Paphiopedilum godefroyae (God. Leb.) Stein var. Habit.
ang-thong (Fowlie) Braem Region. P: Ranong, Chumphon, Surat Thani.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Region. P: Surat Thani. Sumatra.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, swamp forest, 0-100 m alt.
Habitat. In shade on limestone; near sea level.
Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr.
Paphiopedilum godefroyae (God. Leb.) Stein var. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
leucochilum (Rolfe) Hallier Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae;
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Lithophytic orchid. NE: Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom, Khon Kaen; SW:
Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Phuket,
Distribution. Endemic. Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. In shade on limestone; near sea level. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Andaman
Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein var. Is., Nicobar Is., Laos, Vietnam.
esquirolei (Schltr.) K. Karas. & K. Saito mixed deciduous forest, 0-800 m alt.

Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid. Parapteroceras carnosum (Seidenf.) Aver.
Region. NE: Loei. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. SW China, N Laos, Vietnam. Region. C: Prachinburi.
Habitat. Lower montane scrub forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f.) Stein
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Parapteroceras elobe (Seidenf.) Aver.
Region. P: Trang, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 200 m alt. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb.f.) Stein
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Ephiphytic Orchid. Pecteilis hawkesiana (King & Pantl.) C.S. Kumar
Region. N: Tak, Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. E & NE Myanmar, SW China. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Sakon
Habitat. Deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 900-2,200 m alt. Nakhon; E: Ubon Ratcha Thani; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin
Buri.
Paphiopedilum sukhakulii Schoser & Senghas Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid. forest, 100-800 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei.

Pecteilis henryi Schltr. Peristylus carnosipetalus Kurzweil
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Uttaradit; NE: Nong Khai; SE: Sa Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Kaeo, Prachin Buri. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Habitat. Exposed limestone crevices; 1,500-2,000 m alt.
Cambodia. Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl.
Habitat. Open marshy places in oak-pine forest, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
oak-dipterocarp frest; 670-1,100 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak,
Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf. Phitsanulok , Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Prachin Buri.
Region. Widely distributed. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, china, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi, Timor. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed deciduous forest, pine forest, bamboo forest, 200- 1,600 m alt.
and deciduous dipterocarp forests, 50-1,100 m alt. Peristylus densus (Lindl.) Santapau & Kapadia
Pelatantheria bicuspidata Tang & F.T. Wang Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae. Kamphaeng Phet, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E:
Distribution. S China. Chaiyaphum.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 300-500 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Cambodia,
Pelatantheria cristata (Ridl.) Ridl. Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, pine forest, 1,300-2,200 m alt.
Region. P: Songkhla, Satun, Trang. Peristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lindl.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Region. N: widely distributed; NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon
Pelatantheria ctenoglossum Ridl. Nakhon; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Ranong, Phangnga, Satun.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; NE: Phetchabun, Nong Khai; Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri Chanthaburi. China, Taiwan, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra,
Distribution. S China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Subda Is.,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, New Guinea.
100-800 ma alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed
deciduous and hill evergreen forests, 250-1,500 m alt.
Pelatantheria insectifera (Rchb.f.) Ridl.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Peristylus gracilis Blume
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Prachin Buri. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phayao, Nan; P: Phangnga.
Distribution. Distribution. NE India, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Habitat. Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Is.
Pelatantheria woonchengii P. OByrne 150-1,700 m alt.
Region. Cultivated in Singapore. Peristylus hamiltonianus (Lindl.) Lindl.
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal.
Pennilabium struthio Carr Habitat. No information available.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Peristylus holttumii Seidenf.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt. Region. P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Pennilabium proboscidcum A. S. Rao & J. Joseph Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, to 300 m alt.
Region. NE: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Peristylus kerrii Seidenf.
Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. NE India. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Endemic.
50-700 m alt. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 400 m alt.
Peristylus afnis (D. Don) Seidenf. Peristylus lacertifer (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak, Kamphaeng Phet. Region. Widely distributed.
Distribution. N India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos. Distribution. E Himalaya, Myanmar, China, Japan, Taiwan,
Habitat. Grassy areas in dry evergreen forest, 700-800 m alt. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed
168 1
deciduous and pine forests, 100-1,900 m alt. Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f.
Peristylus maingayi (King & Pantl.) J.J. Wood & Ormerod Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Region. NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi.
Region. SE: Trat. Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S china,
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Taiwan, Nansei-shoto, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines.
Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, New Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,500 m alt.
Guinea, Queensland. Phaius takeoi (Hayata) H.J. Su
Habitat. Sandy soil in grassy places; near sea level. Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Peristylus mannii (Rchb.f.) Mukerjee Region. N: Tak, Phitsanulok.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, swamp forest, 600-1,400 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, S China. Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume
Habitat. Savanna; ca 1,600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Peristylus parishii Rchb.f. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E:
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Chiayaphum.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phrae; NE: Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to S Pacic.
Phetchabun; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Chanthaburi, Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Trat; P: Trang. 500-2,100 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, deciduous forest, bamboo forest,
50-1,800 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Peristylus phuwuanensis Kurzweil Region. Widely distributed.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. Bangladesh, Nicobar Is., Myanmar, Laos,
Region. NE: Buengkan. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java,
Habitat. Sandy soil in dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
ca 200 m alt. mixed deciduous forest, 0-800 m alt.
Peristylus prainii (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb.f.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; Region. Widely distributed.
SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Saraburi. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Distribution. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam. China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, pine Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines.
forest, 150-1,550 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
0-700 m alt.
Peristylus rigidus Kurzweil
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Phalaenopsis nleyi Christenson
Distribution. Endemic. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 850-1,800 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Peristylus tentaculatus (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Phalaenopsis lowii Rchb.f.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lamphun, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.; E: Nakhon Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Distribution. Myanmar.
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Ranong. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest on
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, limestone, 0-500 m alt.
Vietnam. Phalaenopsis mirabilis (Seidenf.) Schuit.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, grassy pine forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
100-1,800 m alt. Region. N: Tak; SW: Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani.
Phaius avus (Blume) Lindl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,000 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei. Phalaenopsis parishii Rchb.f.
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to SW Pacic. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000-1,600 m alt. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Phaius indochinensis Seidenf. & Ormerod Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: 400-700 m alt.
Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Pattani. Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habit. Lithophytic orchid, terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. Widely distributed.
evergreen forest, 500-1,500 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China, Hainan,

Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-2,000 m alt.
Sumatra. Phreatia densiora (Blume) Lindl.
Habitat. Beach forest, tropical evergreen forest, dry Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, hill Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Phalaenopsis sumatrana Korth. & Rchb.f. Sumatra, Moluku, Philippines.
Region. P: Pattani. Phreatia formosana Rolfe ex Hemsl.
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 500-700 m alt. Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Phalaenopsis thailandica O. Gruss & Roeth Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phreatia listrophora Ridl.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Moluku,
Pholidota aidiolepis Seidenf. & de Vogel Sulawesi.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Phreatia palmifrons Ormerod
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1350 m alt. Region. P: Satun.
Pholidota articulata Lindl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700 m alt.
Region. Widely distributed. Phreatia plantaginifolia (J. Knig) Ormerod
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Satun, Yala.
Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen Distribution. Andaman Is., Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
forest, dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines.
100-1,800 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Pholidota carnea (Blume) Lindl. 0-1,200 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Phreatia sulcata (Blume) J.J. Sm.
Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Lesser Sunda Is., Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago. Moluku, Lesser Sunda Is., Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
900-1,200 m alt.
Platanthera angustata (Blume) Lindl.
Pholidota convallariae (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Hook.f. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Yala, Pattani.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Distribution. Widespread from Peninsular Malaysia to
Ratchasima. Ryukyu Is., New Guinea.
Distribution. NE india, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, ca 1,100 m alt.
Vietnam, Java, Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Platanthera angustilabris Seidenf.
700-1,400 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid, Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok.
Pholidota imbricata Lindl. Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. Widely distributed.
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to SW Pacic. Pleione maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. & Paxton
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, 50-1,400 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S
Pholidota longibulba Holttum China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Pleione praecox (Sm.) D. Don
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,000 m alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Pholidota recurva Lindl. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, E Himalaya,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok; Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,700-2,400 m alt.
NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. Nepal, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Vietnam.
170 1
Plocoglottis bokorensis (Gagnep.) Seidenf. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. hill evergreen forest, near sea level to 1,300 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Trat; Pomatocalpa angustifolium Seidenf.
P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam. Region. NE: Nong Khai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P:
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Ranong, Krabi.
250-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Vietnam.
Plocoglottis gigantea (Hook.f.) J.J. Sm. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-700 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Pomatocalpa diffusum Breda
Region. P: Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Plocoglottis javanica Blume Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Region. P: Songkhla, Pattani. Pomatocalpa kunstleri (Hook.f.) J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Nicobar Is., Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Region. P: Yala.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-600 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Plocoglottis lowii Rchb.f. Moluku, Philippines.
Region. P: Chumphon, Trang, Songkhla. Pomatocalpa maculosum (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Moluku, Sumatra, New Guinea. Region. SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, E Himalaya, Andaman Is., Nicobar
Plocoglottis quadrifolia J.J. Sm. Is., Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines.
Region. P: Surat Thani. Pomatocalpa maculosum (Lindl.) J.J. Sm. subsp.
andamanicum (Hook.f.) Watthana
Poaephyllum pauciorum (Hook.f.) Ridl. Region. P: Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. E Himalaya, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., Laos,
Region. P: Surat Thani. Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Philippines.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Pomatocalpa spicatum Breda
Podochilus cultratus Lindl. Region. Widely distributed.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Andaman
Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Kanchanaburi. Is., S China, Hainan, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam. Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Moluku,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Sulawesi, Philippines.
300-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Podochilus lucescens Blume 0-800 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Pomatocalpa tonkinense (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
Region. SE: Trat; P: widely distributed. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Region. C: Nakhon Nayok.
Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines. Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Podochilus microphyllus Lindl. Porpax elwesii (Rchb.f.) Rolfe
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Ranong, Narathiwat. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Distribution. Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,400 m alt.
0-1,200 m alt.
Porpax gigantea Deori
Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H. R. Sweet Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. Widely distributed. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical and subtropical America and Asia. Porpax grandiora Seidenf.

Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Satun.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,700-1,800 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level.
Porpax lanii Seidenf. Renanthera histrionica Rchb.f.
Region. NE: Loei. Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P:
Distribution. Vietnam. Surat Thani, Songkhla, Satun.
Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Porpax parishii (Lindl. & Rchb.f.) Rolfe Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Renanthera isosepala Holttum
Distribution. Myanmar. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 450-600 m alt. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Pathom.
Porpax scaposa Seidenf. Distribution. Borneo.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Rhomboda abbreviata (Lindl.) Ormerod
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-2,000 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Porpax ustulata (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Rolfe Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1500 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; Rhomboda lanceolata (Lindl.) Ormerod
SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; SW: Prachuap Khiri
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Khan; SE: Chanthaburi.
100-1,200 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Peninsular Malaysia to Sulawesi,
Pteroceras compressum (Blume) Holttum Philippines.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. HabitatHill evergreen forest, 900-1,200 m alt.
Region. N: Phetchabun. Rhomboda moulmeinensis (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.)
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra. Ormerod
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-900 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Pteroceras leopardinum (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan.
& Smitinand Distribution. SE Tibet, S China, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hon Son; NE: Loei. Rhynchogyna luisifolia (Ridl.) Seidenf. & Garay
Distribution. S India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sumatra, Philippines. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100-1,300 m alt. Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri; P: Phangnga,
Pteroceras pallidum (Blume) Holttum Phuket, Phatthalung.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, 0-700 m alt.
Sumatra, Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines. Rhynchogyna saccata Seidenf. & Garay
Pteroceras teres (Blume) Holttum Region. N: Chiang Rai.
Region. Widely distributed. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest.
Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Rhynchostylis coelestis (Rchb.f.) A.H. Kent
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sunda Is., Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Mukdahan,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Nakhon Phanom; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Uthai
evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt. Thani, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan
Renanthera coccinea Lour. SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong. mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam. hill evergreen forest, 0-1,200 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl.
Renanthera elongata (Blume) Lindl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei, Khon
Kaen, Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan; E: Nakhon
172 1
Ratchasima, Surin; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Satyrium yunnanense Rolfe ssp. longispina Kurzweil &
Sa Kaeo. Suksathan
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Hainan, Laos, Cambodia, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. Region. NE: Phitsanulok.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry Distribution. Endemic.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, 100-500 m alt. Habitat. Grassland in hill evergreen forest, ca 2,100 m alt.
Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume Schoenorchis fragrans (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. & Smitinand
Region. Widely distributed. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Region. NE: Nong Khai; E: Chaiyaphum.
Myanmar, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., S China, Cambodia, Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Sumatra,Philippines. 200-700 ma alt.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-800 m alt. Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J.J. Sm.
Robiquetia pachyphylla (Rchb.f.) Garay Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son. Distribution. NE India, E Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam. China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500-1,900 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Robiquetia spathulata (Blume) J.J. Sm. 600-1,700 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Schoenorchis micrantha Reinw. ex Blume
Region. Widely distributed. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Region. P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Moluku. Sumatra, Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is.,
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Queensland, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu.
0-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Robiquetia succisa (Lindl.) Seidenf. & Garay Schoenorchis minutiora (Ridl.) J.J. Sm.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; E: Nakhon Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Ratchasima; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia.
Chanthaburi. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar,
S China, Laos, Vietnam. Schoenorchis pachyacris (J.J. Sm.) J.J. Sm.
mixed deciduous forest, 0-700 m alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Distribution. Java, Sumatra.
Saccolabiopsis pusilla (Lindl.) Seidenf. & Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.

Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Schoenorchis secundiora (Ridl.) J.J. Sm.
Distribution. Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
300-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Sarcoglyphis mirabilis (Rchb.f.) Garay Schoenorchis seidenfadenii Pradhan

Habit. Ephiphytic orchid. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Region. N: Uttaradit, Sukhothai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Region. N: Chaing Mai; NE: Nong Khai, Sakhon Nakhon;
Khon Kaen. E: Chaiyaphum.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 100-300 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Sarcoglyphis smithiana (Kerr) Seidenf.
Habit. Ephiphytic orchid. Seidenfadenia mitrata (Rchb.f.) Garay
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Chaing Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Khon Kaen,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 500 m alt. Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C:
Saraburi.
Sarcoglyphis thailandica Seidenf. Distribution. Myanmar.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum. forest, hill evergreen forest, 100-1,800 m alt.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Sirindhornia mirabilis H.A. Pedersen & Suksathan
1,000-1,600 m alt. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.

Region. N: Tak. sea level.
Distribution. Endemic. Spathoglottis plicata Blume
Habitat. Exposed grassy slopes on degraded limestone hill; Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
900-1,000 m alt. Region. SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani,
Sirindhornia monophylla (Collett & Hemsl.) H.A. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Pedersen & Suksathan Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia to W Pacic.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Region. N: Tak. Spathoglottis pubescens Lindl.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Habitat. Exposed grassy slopes on degraded limestone hill; Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
900-1,000 m alt. Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Nong
Sirindhornia pulchella H.A. Pedersen & Indham. Khai, Sakhon Nakhon; SE: Trat.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China,
Region. N: Chaing Mai. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habitat. Exposed limestone crevices in upper montane evergreen forest, 300-1,600 m alt.
scrub forest, 1,800-2,200 m alt. Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames
Smitinandia helferi (Hook.f.) Garay Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Rayong.
Region. NE: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Distribution. From C & E Russia to S & E Asia across
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Trang, Satun. Malesia to Australia, SW Pacic Is.
Distribution. Laos, Andaman Is. Habitat. Exposed grassy places; near sea level to 500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Staurochilus dawsonianus (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
Smitinandia micrantha (Lindl.) Holttum Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lampang.
Region. Widely distributed. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos.
Distribution. NE india, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, evergreen forest, 100-900 m alt.
Borneo. Staurochilus fasciatus (Rchb.f.) Ridl.
0-500 m alt. Region. Widely distributed.
Spathoglottis afnis de Vriese Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Buengkan, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan; evergreen forest, 0-1,300 m alt.
E: Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani, Si Sa Ket; SW: Staurochilus gibbosicalcar Seidenf.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Sa Kaeo, Chanthaburi; Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Distribution. Endemic.
Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, scrub forest on limestone;
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, dry 0-200 m alt.
deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest,
300-1,000 m alt. Staurochilus ramosus (Lindl.) Seidenf.
Spathoglottis aurea Lindl. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar.
Region. P: Yala. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra,
Borneo, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi. Stereochilus dalatensis (Guillaumin) Garay
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun
Spathoglottis eburnea Gagnep. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,400 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Sukhothai; NE: Phetchabun.
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Stereochilus erinaceus (Rchb.f.) Garay
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
forest, 300-800 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Spathoglottis hardingiana C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
altitude known.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid, lithophytic orchid.
Region. P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun. Stereochilus pachyphyllus (Cavestro) Cavestro
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, often on limestone; near Region. N: Chiang Mai.
174 1
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
Habitat. Not recorded. NE: Loei.
Stereosandra javanica Blume Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Habit. Holomycotrophic orchid. Vietnam.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Phetchabun; SW: Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,800 m alt.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Sunipia soidaoensis (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt
Pattani, Satun. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. E Himalaya, S China, Taiwan, Nansei-shoto, Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Distribution. S China.
Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Samoa. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Sunipia thailandica (Seidenf. & Smitinand) P. F. Hunt

Sunipia andersonii (King & Pantl.) P. F. Hunt Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. S China
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt.
Taiwan, Vietnam.
Sunipia viridis (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt
Sunipia angustipetala Seidenf. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,400 m alt.
Taeniophyllum calceolus Carr
Sunipia annamensis (Ridl.) P. F. Hunt Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga, Krabi, Satun.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Taeniophyllum liforme J.J. Sm.
Sunipia australis (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Surat Thani, Chumphon,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Satun, Pattani.
Region. P: Ranong Distribution. Andaman Is., Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo,
Distribution. Endemic. Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, New Guinea.
Sunipia bicolor Lindl. Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume
Region. N: Chiang Rai. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China. Distribution. Tropical and Subtropical Asia.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,800 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Sunipia cumberlegei (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt 100-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Taeniophyllum gracillimum Schltr.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. E: Buri Ram; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Chumphon,
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400 m alt. Ranong, Surat Thani, Narathiwat.
Sunipia grandiora (Rolfe) P. F. Hunt Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Region. N: Tak. Taeniophyllum insulare Seidenf.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,100 m alt. Region. P: Satun.
Sunipia minor (Seidenf.) P. F. Hunt Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen fores; near sea level.
Region. NE: Loei. Taeniophyllum pahangense Carr
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,500 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Sunipia rimannii (Rchb.f.) Seidenf. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 500-800
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi. m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China. Taeniophyllum pusillum (Willd.) Seidenf. & Ormerod
Sunipia scariosa Lindl. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan;
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,

Songkhla, Narathiwat. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution. S China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Distribution. NE India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Sumatra.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 700-800 m alt.
Taeniophyllum quadrilobum Seidenf. Thaia saprophytica Seidenf.
Region. P: Songkhla. Region. N: Tak; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi..
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
Tainia angustifolia (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook.f. forest, 300-800 m alt.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Thecopus maingayi (Hook.f.) Seidenf.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Buri. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam. Region. P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Tainia bicornis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Thecostele alata (Roxb.) C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.
Region. N: Phayao. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chon Buri; P:
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Java. Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang,
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest. Pattani, Narathiwat.
Tainia latifolia (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam,
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Habitat. Dry Evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Ratchasima. Thelasis carinata Blume
Distribution. NE india, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
S China, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Java, Sumatra. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,500 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Tainia longiscapa (Seidenf.) J.J. Wood & A.L. Lamb Philippines.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 750-1,000 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei. Thelasis khasiana Hook.f.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,300-1,400 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Tainia paucifolia (Breda) J.J. Sm. Loei.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Distribution. NE India, S China, Vietnam.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Thelasis micrantha (Brongn.) J.J. Sm.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Region. P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Tainia penangiana Hook.f. Phatthalung.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Philippines, New Guinea.
Ratchasima, Surin; SE: Trat; P: Ranong, Songkhla. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, S China, Taiwan, Thelasis pygmaea (Griff.) Lindl.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. Widely distributed.
evergreen forest, 200-1,400 m alt. Distribution. Tropical and subtropical asia.
Tainia speciosa Blume Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Satun. Thrixspermum acuminatissimum (Blume) Rchb.f.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum;
Tainia viridifusca (Hook.) Benth. ex Hook.f. C: Nakhon Nayok.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Distribution. Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Sumatra, Philippines.
Loei. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-700 m alt.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, S China, Thrixspermum amplexicaule (Blume) Rchb.f.
Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200-1,900 m alt. Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani,
Tainia wrayana (Hook.f.) J.J. Sm. Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Distribution. Andaman Is., Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Moluku, Sulawesi, Philippines,
176 1
New Guinea, Solomon Is. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Narathiwat.
Thrixspermum ancoriferum (Guillaumin) Garay Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Region. NE: Loei. Thrixspermum scopa (Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.) Holttum
Distribution. Vietnam. Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, montane scrub forest, Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Trang.
1,300-1,400 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Thrixspermum annamense (Guillaumin) Garay Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Thrixspermum sutepense (Rolfe ex Downie) Tang & F.T. Wang
Distribution. S China, C Taiwan, Vietnam. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-700 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Thrixspermum calceolus (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Distribution. Vietnam.
Region. P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Songkhla. Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Kuntze
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Sumatra. Region. Widely distributed.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-5 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Andaman Is.,
Thrixspermum centipeda Lour. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Region. Widely distributed. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, E Himalaya, Myanmar, 0-700 m alt.
S China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid, terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak, Phitsanulok;
dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, 0-1,500 m alt. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Satun.
Thrixspermum leucarachne Ridl. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, E Himalaya, Andaman Is.,
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; P: Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat. forest, hill evergreen forest, 700-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f. var. bracteata (Roxb.) N.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Pearce & P.J. Cribb
Thrixspermum merguense (Hook.f.) Kuntze Region. N: Chiang Mai (Doi Sithep).
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, E Himalaya,
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Myanmar.
Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Ranong. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Myanmar, Taiwan, Vietnam, Peninsular Thunia bensoniae Hook.f.
Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
0-700 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar.
Thrixspermum musciorum A. S. Rao & J. Joseph Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,000 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Thunia pulchra Rchb.f.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; Habit. Terrestrail orchid.
P: Pattani. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat.
Distribution. S & NE India. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 600-700 m alt.
0-300 m alt.
Trias intermedia Seidenf. & Smitinand
Thrixspermum pensile Schltr. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Region. SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi. Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Satun.
Distribution. S Taiwan, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-900 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest,
Thrixspermum recurvum (Hook.f.) Kuntze 0-300 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Trias mollis Seidenf.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. P: Ranong.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-100 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Thrixspermum ridleyanum Schltr. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-300 m alt.

Trias nana Seidenf. Is.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Sumatra, Moluku, Lesser Sunda Is.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest 0-500 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 50-800 m alt. Trichoglottis scaphigera Ridl.
Trias nasuta (Rchb.f.) Stapf Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. P: Surat Thani, Yala.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Distribution. NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar, Vietnam. Trichoglottis seidenfadenii Aver.
Trias oblonga Lindl. Region. N: Chiang Mai (Fang).
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; P: Ranong. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Andaman Is., Trichoglottis triora (Guillaumin) Garay & Seidenf.
Myanmar. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SW: Kanchanaburi.
evergreen forest, 100-1,100 m alt. Distribution. S China, Vietnam.
Trias picta (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) C.S.P. Parish ex Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest.
Hemsl. Trichotosia dasyphylla (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Kraenzl.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak,
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chiyaphum; SW:
Trias rosea (Ridl.) Seidenf. Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Trang.
Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Laos,
Distribution. Myanmar. Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
forest, tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Trichoglottis bipunctata (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Tang & evergreen forest, 300-1,400 m alt.
F.T. Wang
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Trichotosia ferox Blume
Region. Widely distributed in PEN. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Distribution. Myanmar, to Peninsular Malaysia. Region. P: Pattani.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 0-300 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra,
Lesser Sunda Is.
Trichoglottis cirrhifera Teijsm. & Binn. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Region. Widely distributed.
Distribution. Nicobar Is., Peninsular Malaysia, Java. Trichotosia gracilis (Hook.f.) Kraenzl.
0-600 m alt. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Trichoglottis crociaria Seidenf. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Region. Without locality. Trichotosia microphylla Blume
Habitat. No information available. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia,
Trichoglottis lanceolaria Blume Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun. 750-1,200 m alt.
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Sumatra. Trichotosia pauciora Blume
Region. P: Yala.
Trichoglottis lorata (Rolfe ex Downie) Schuit. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang.
Distribution. S China. Trichotosia pulvinata (Lindl.) Kraenzl.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat;
Trichoglottis retusa Blume P: Ranong, Phangnga, Satun.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. Nepal, S China, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia,
Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Rendong Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
178 1
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level to 500 m alt. Vanda brunnea Rchb.f.
Trichotosia rotundifolia (Ridl.) Kraenzl. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan;
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Satun. NE: Sakhon Nakhon; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 100-200 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Trichotosia velutina (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Kraenzl. evergreen forest, 300-1,500 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Vanda coerulea Griff. ex Lindl.
Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Satun, Songkhla. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China.
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 700-1,600 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, near sea level to 750 m Vanda coerulescens Griff.
alt. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, S China.
Region. Widely distributed except PEN. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Distribution. NE India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S evergreen forest, 500-1,000 m alt.
China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb.f.
Sumatra, Philippines. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, hill Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan ,Lampang,
evergreen forest, 100-1,300 m alt. Tak; NE: Loei.
Tropidia curculigoides Lindl. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: evergreen forest, 500-1,500 m alt.
Ranong. Vanda abellata (Rolfe ex Downie) Christenson
Distribution. E Himalaya to New Caledonia. Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun,
50-600 m alt. Loei.
Tropidia pedunculata Blume Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos.
Habit. Terrestrail orchid. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, hill
Region. Widely distributed. evergreen forest, 300-1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Himalaya to New Guinea. Vanda lilacina Teijsm. & Binn.
evergreen forest, 0-1,100 m alt. Region. Widely distributed, except in Peninsular.
Tuberolabium rhopalorrhachis (Rchb.f.) J.J. Wood Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. forest, dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest,
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, 100-1,200 m alt.
Sumatra, Moluku, Philippines. Vanda liouvillei Finet
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, hill evergreen foret; Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
750-1,200 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; NE: Sakhon
Uncifera obtusifolia Lindl. Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Surin.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Distribution. NE India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous
Distribution. NE india, Nepal, E Himalaya. forest, 100-300 m alt.
Habitat. Montane scrub forest, 1,400-1,500 m alt. Vanda pumila Hook.f.
Uncifera thailandica Seidenf. & Smitinand Habit. Epiphytic orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, E Himalaya, Myanmar,
Distribution. S China. S China, Laos, Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,200 m alt. Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,300 m alt.
Vanda bensonii Bateman Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, tak.
Loei. Distribution. Sri Lanka, NE India, E Himalaya, Myanmar.
Distribution. NE India, Myanmar. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 500-900 m alt.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 800-1,300 m alt. Vandopsis gigantea (Lindl.) Ptzer
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW:

Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga, Phuket, Nakhon Si Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam,
Thammarat, Satun. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Philippines.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 400-650 m alt.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, Vrydagzynea lancifolia Ridl.
Vandopsis lissochiloides (Gaudich.) Ptzer Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, lithophytic orchid. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo.
Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; E: Ubon Habitat. No information available.
Ratchathani, Si Sa Ket, Buri Ram. Vrydagzynea tristriata Ridl.
Distribution. Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Sulawesi, Moluku, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Philippines, New Guinea. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 200-300 m alt. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo.
Vanilla albida Blume Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 300-800 m alt.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Zeuxine afnis (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook.f.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phangnga, Krabi, Region. Widely distributed.
Trang, Songkhla. Distribution. India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S
Distribution. Taiwan, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, China, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Borneo, Sumatra, Java. Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, deciduous and hill evergreen forests, 20-1,600 m alt.
70-600 m alt.
Zeuxine bidupensis Aver.
Vanilla aphylla Blume Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei
Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Distribution. India, Vietnam.
Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chanthaburi; P: Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,400-2,100 m alt.
Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Trang,
Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Zeuxine clandestina Blume
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Malaysia, Java. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java.
deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp forests, 50-500 m alt. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest.
Vanilla borneensis Rolfe Zeuxine ava (Wall. ex Lindl.) Trimen
Habit. Ephiphytic Orchid, Lithophytic orchid. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak ,
Prachinburi. Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, dipterocarp forest, to 400 m alt. Distribution. W Himalaya, NE India, Nepal, Bhutan,
Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Vanilla grifthii Rchb.f. Habitat. Mixed deciduous, dry evergreen and hill evergreen
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, Lithophytic orchid. forests, 200-1,650 m alt.
Region. P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Zeuxine glandulosa King & Pantl.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, edge of swamp forest, to Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
100 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Trat; P: Ranong.
Distribution. NE India, Bhutan.
Vanilla siamensis Rolfe ex Downie Habitat. Tropical evergreen and dry evergreen forests, to
Habit. Epiphytic orchid, Lithophytic orchid. 600 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang; SW:
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi. Zeuxine membranacea Lindl.
Distribution. S China. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Sa Kaeo
200-1,200 m alt. , Prachin Buri; P: Songkhla.
Distribution. India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Hong
Ventricularia tenuicaulis (Hook.f.) Garay Kong, Indochina, Papua New Guinea.
Habit. Epiphytic orchid. Habitat. Savanna, open deciduous forest, 50-1,100 m alt.
Region. N: Tak; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, Phangnga, Narathiwat. Zeuxine nervosa (Wall. ex Lindl.) Benth. ex Trimen
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Terrestrial orchid.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, hill evergreen forest, Region. Widely distributed.
0-1,100 m alt. Distribution. NE India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, S
China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Ryukyu Is., Philippines.
Vrydagzynea albida (Blume) Blume Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen and hill
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. evergreen forests, to 1,400 m alt.
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga.
180 1
Zeuxine parvifolia (Ridl.) K. Schum. & Fedde Pandanus acaulescens H.St. John
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habit. Acaulescent tall shrub.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae, Phitsanulok, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Distribution. Endemic.
Phetchaburi; P: Songkhla. Habitat. Evergreen mountain forests, 800-900 m.
Distribution. Myanmar, S China, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.
Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Herb, shrub.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen, dry evergreen, mixed Region. Cultivated.
deciduous forest and hill evergreen forests, 50-1,400 m alt. Distribution. Probable origin in Indonesia (Moluccas) and
Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. cultivated throughout SE Asia.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Uses. Widely used for scenting foods.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Pandanus bidus H.St. John
Distribution. S & E Asia to Lesser Sunda Is., New Guinea. Habit. Shrub.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 900-1,200 m alt. Region. NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Zeuxine violascens Ridl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial orchid. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 1,000 m.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Pandanus caleis H.St. John
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java. Habit. Tree.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, 500-750 m alt. Region. C: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Krabi,
Pandanaceae Surat Thani.
Benstonea afnis (Kurz) Callm. & Buerki Habitat. Limestone outcrops, hills.
Habit. Treelet, shrub.
Region. P: Trang. Pandanus capusii Martelli
Distribution. Peninsular Thailand to Philippines. Habit. Shrub.
Habitat. Peat swamps, forest river edges. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Trat.
Benstonea humilis (Lour.) Callm. & Buerki Habitat. Along stream, dry evergreen forest.
Habit. Shrub, herb.
Region. C: Nakhonnayok; N: Chiangmai; NE: Loei; P: Pandanus crinifolius Martelli
Phanghga, Ranong, Trang, Yala; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; Habit. Shrub.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. P: Ranong, Trang.
Distribution. NE India , Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 300 m. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Benstonea nana (Martelli) Callm & Buerki Pandanus brosus Gagnep.

Habit. Acaulescent large shrub. Habit. Shrub.
Region. P: Phatthalung, Trang. Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Phetchabun,
Distribution. Malaysia. Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Sa Kaeo.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, along stream. Distribution. China, Indochina.
Habitat. Along streams, often on rocks, dry evergreen forest.
Benstonea ornata (Kurz) Callm & Buerki
Habit. Treelet. Pandanus helicopus Kurz ex Miq.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Habit. Shrub.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. Region. SE: Trat; P: Narathiwat.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,350 m. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.
Habitat. In swamps, sometimes along river.
Freycinetia angustifolia Blume Pandanus irregularis Ridl.
Region. SE: Trat; P: Phangnga, Krabi, Narathiwat. Habit. Shrub, treelet.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Region. P: Surat Thani.
Philippines. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Peat swamp forest. Habitat. Limestone hills.
Freycinetia javanica Blume Pandanus kaida Kurz

Habit. Woody climber. Habit. Shrub, Tree.
Region. P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Region. Cultivated.
Phangnga, Yala. Distribution. Probably an Indian origin and cultivated
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. throughout SE Asia for the brous leaves.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen and swamp forests. Pandanus obconicus H.St.John
Freycinetia sumatrana Hemsl. Habit. Shrub.
Habit. Woody climber. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi;
Region. SE: Trat; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Narathiwat. P: Chumphon, Yala
Distribution. Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Peninsular Distribution. Endemic.
Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest.
Habitat Lowland evergreen forest, swamp forest.

Pandanus obovatus H.St. John Acrachne racemosa (Heyne ex Roth) Ohwi
Habit. Shrub, tree. Habit. Annual tufted to ascending herb.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. NE: Mukdahan; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Lop Buri,
Distribution. Endemic. Bangkok; P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Limestone hills. Distribution. Africa, Arabia, India, Sri Lanka, Afghaistan,
Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze Pakistan, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia,
Habit. Tree. Australia, Pacic Islands.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Trat, Rayong; P: Habitat. Open wet ground, sandy soil near the river, also in
Narathiwat, Ranong, Trang. deciduous forest, to ca 300 m alt.
Distribution. India to SE Asia. Acroceras tonkinense (Balansa) C.E. Hubb. ex Bor
Habitat. Along sandy coast, sometime inland in swamp
areas. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Pandanus penangensis Ridl. Region. All over the country.
Habit. Tall tree. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Phangnga, Habitat. Dry evergreen and montane forests, stream banks,
Ranong, Surat Thani. to 1,800 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Acroceras zizanioides (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Dandy
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Pandanus penetrans H. St. John Region. N: Tak; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habit. Treelet. Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Yala.
Region. N: ChangMai, Mae Hong Son, Nan; NE: Loei. Distribution. America, Tropical Africa, India, Myanmar,
Distribution. Cambodia. Indochina.
Habitat. Evergreen mountain forest, 900-1,400 m. Habitat. Open ground, along roadsides, swamp areas, to ca
300 m alt.
Pandanus reticulosus H. St. John
Habit. Shrub. Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Uttaradit; NE: Loei; Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
C: Chaiyaphum. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. America, Tropical Africa, Sri Lanka, India,
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Australia.
Habitat. Damp or shady areas, deciduous dipterocarp and
Pandanus stelliger Ridl. mixed deciduous forests, or open sandy and wet sites in
Habit. Treelet. disturbed areas, 200-1,000 m alt.
Region. P: Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Pandanus yvanii Solms Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei,
Habit. Shrub. Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Uthai Thani,
Region. P: Phatthalung, Trang, Narathiwat. Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, Australia.
Habitat. Peat swamp forest. Habitat. Open areas, grassy mixed deciduous and deciduous
dipterocarp-pine forests, also on limestone hill, to 1,300 m alt.
Philydaceae
Andropogon burmanicus Bor
Philydrum lanuginosum Banks ex Gaertn. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. P: Chumporn, Narathiwat. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Distribution. China, Japan, Taiwan, Andaman Is., Myanmar, Habitat. Open grassland, dry evergreen forest, ca 400 m alt.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malasia, New Guinea, Australia,
Caroline Is. Andropogon chinensis (Nees) Merr.
Habitat. Near coastal, sandy soil. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Surin; SE: Prachin Buri.
Poaceae (Gramineae) Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina.
Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard Habitat. Lowland deciduous forests, 100-600 m alt.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Andropogon distachyos L.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen; SW: Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; P: Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Distribution. Africa, South Africa, Mediterranean region,
Narathiwat. Arabia.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, Habitat. Open slope, ca 800 m alt.
Malaysia, Philippines.
Andropogon fastigiatus Sw.
Habitat. Swampy areass, rice elds, edges of mixed
Habit. Annual caespitose herb.
deciduous and evergreen forests, also along river banks,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
low altitude.
Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi.
182 1
Distribution. Throughout the tropics. Aristida adscensionis L.
Habitat. Dry open areas, sandy soils, deciduous dipterocarp Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
forest, 150-600 m alt. Region. NE: Khon Khen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Andropogon polyptychos Steud. Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Rayong.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Tropical and warm-temperate regions.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. Open sandy soil areas, deciduous dipterocarp and
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina. mixed deciduous forests, under 200 m alt.
Habitat. Grassland and wet places, ca 500 m alt. Aristida balansae Henrard
Anthoxanthum horseldii (Benn.) Reeder Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Indochina.
Distribution. India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Indochina, Habitat. Open and partly shady areas, deciduous dipterocarp
Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines. and mixed deciduous forests, wet ground close to beach,
Habitat. Grassland at high altitude, ca 2550 m alt. low altitude.
Apluda mutica L. Aristida chinensis Munro
Habit. Pernnial scandent or decumbent herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. All over the country. Region. Most regions exceptin the peninsular.
Distribution. Africa, Russia, Arabia, India, Sri Lanka, Distribution. China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malaysia,
Pakistan, China, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia (Celebes), Philippines.
Malesia, Australia. Habitat. Open sandy ground, deciduous forest, savannah, to
Habitat. Open places in deciduous forests, up to 2,000 m alt. 600 m alt.
Apocopis collinus Balansa Aristida culionensis Pilg. ex Perkins
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. NE: Udon Thani; E: Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nong Khai; E: Nakhon
Sa Kaeo. Ratchasima, Buri Ram, Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Distribution. Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan). Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Satun,
Habitat. Open grassy and wet ground areas, deciduous Songkhla.
dipterocarp forests, 50-200 m alt. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia
Habitat. Savannah, deciduous dipterocarp to evergreen
Apocopis courtallumensis (Steud.) Henrard forests, also in scrub, to 600 m alt.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SE: Aristida cumingiana Trin. & Rupr.
Sa Kaeo. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka. Region. Most regions except in the peninsular.
Habitat. Open areas or partly shady places, deciduous Distribution. Africa, India, Nepal, China, Myanmar,
dipterocarp-oak forest, 500-600 m alt. Indochina, Indonesia (Celebes), Philippines, Australia.
Habitat. Open sandy soil areas, mixed deciduous and
Apocopis intermedius (A. Camus) Chai-Anan deciduous dipterocarp-pine forests, to 1,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial rhizomatous.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla, Arthraxon castratus (Griff.) V. Naray. ex Bor
Pattani. Habit. Annual decumbent herb.
Distribution. China, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE:
Habitat. Open sandy areas, grasslands, to 500 m alt. Prachin Buri.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia.
Apocopis mangalorensis (Hochst. ex Steud.) Henrard Habitat. Savannah, deciduous dipterocarp forest, 200-300 m alt.
Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino
Habit. Annual ascending or prostrate herb.
Habit. Annual decumnent herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Trang.
Habitat. Open gravel slopes, ca 300 m alt.
Distribution. Africa, tropical and warm-temperate Asia,
Apocopis siamensis A. Camus Australia.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Habitat. Lowland open areas, limestones ground, deciduous
Region. N: Tak; SW: Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: dipterocarp forest, 100-400 m alt.
Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri.
Arthraxon lanceolatus Hochst. var. lanceolatus
Habit. Perennial or annual decumbent and stoloniferous herb.
Habitat. Open moist sandy areas, deciduous dipterocarp
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon
forest, under 100 m alt.
Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri.
Apocopis wrightii Munro Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Indochina,
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Indonesia.
Region. NE: Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Deciduous and open pine-oak forests, also
Distribution. China. limestone ground, 200-1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Open areas, gravelly places, deciduous dipterocarp
forests, 100200 m alt.

Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. meeboldii Arundinella setosa Trin. var. setosa
(Stapf) Welzen Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Perennial or annual decumbent and stoloniferous herb. Region.All over country, in the peninsular recorded only
Region. N: Tak. from Krabi.
Distribution. India, Indochina. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China,
Habitat. Open deciduous forests, along seasides. Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp, mixed deciduous and
Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. pine-oak forests, open grasslands, on rocks by the sea,
Habit. Annual loosely tufted or decumbent herb.
502650 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok;
SW: Kanchaburi. Arundinella setosa Trin. var. esetosa Bor ex S.M. Phillips
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia. & S.-L. Chen
Habitat. Moist places, evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
limestone scrub, to 1,800 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok.
Arthraxon microphyllus (Trin.) Hochst. Distribution. India, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Vietnam,
Habit. Annual loosely tufted herb. Malaysia, Sumatra.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Pine-oak forests, grassy hillsides, 5001350 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Indochina. Arundo donax L.
Habitat. Montane forest, ca 1,000 m alt. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Arundinella bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce Region. All over the country.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb with creeping rhizomes Distribution. Native to Mediterranean Region. and tropical
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Ma, Chiang Rai; SW: Asia.
Uthai Thani. Habitat. River banks, along streams, marshy areas, to 500 m alt.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv.
Myanmar, Vietnam. Habit. Perennial creeping herb.
Habitat. Open areas, roadsides, deciduous dipterocarp-oak, Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
oak-pine, and montane forests, also marshy places and rice Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Krabi, Nakhon Si
elds, 400-2,500 m alt. Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Arundinella cochinchinensis Keng Distribution. Native to tropical America, introduced in
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. tropical.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Cultivated as lawns.
Distribution. China, Vietnam. Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf
Habitat. Open grassy, montane and pine forests, Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
1,0001,500 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Arundinella decempedalis (Kuntze) Janowski Distribution. Native to tropical Africa.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habitat. Cultivated.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Brachiaria distachya (L.) Stapf
Distribution. India, India. Habit. Annual prostrate herb.
Habitat. Open grassy elds, 600-1,200 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon
Arundinella holcoides (Kunth) Trin. Ratchasima, Udon Thani; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap
Habit. Annual loosely tufted herb. Khiri Khan; C: Lop Buri, Bangkok; P: Krabi, Satun,
Region. P: Ranong. Pattani.
Distribution. India, Mayanmar, Indonesia, Philippines. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia,
Habitat. Open grasslands, ca 10 m alt. Philippines.
Habitat. Open sandy ground, on beaches, edge of cultivated
Arundinella kerrii Teerawat. & Sungkaew areas, to 1,200 m alt.
Habit. Perennial loosely tufted herb.
Region. NE: Nahkon Phanom. Brachiaria kurzii (Hook.f.) A. Camus
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Annual decumbent herb.
Habitat. Open grassy ground areas, ca 200 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei; C: Lop Buri,
Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri.
Arundinella kokutensis Teerawat. & Sungkaew Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Habit. Annual loosely tufted herb. Habitat. Open waste ground, mixed deciduous forest,
Region. SE: Trat. 50-1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Moist mossy rocks along stream, evergreen forest. Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf
Habit. Perennial rambling herb.
Arundinella nepalensis Trin. Region. All over the country.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Distribution. Widely cultivated in tropical Africa, Asia,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: America
Loei. Habitat. Probably an escape from cultivation on marshy
Distribution. Africa, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, ground, river banks, edges of lakes and ponds.
China, Vietnam, Australia.
Habitat. Open areas, hill slopes, grasslands, deciduous Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf
dipterocarp-oak, dipterocarp-pine forest, 5001,700 m alt. Annual tufted to ascending.
184 1
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Udon Capillipedium assimile (Steud.) A. Camus
Thani Khon Kaen; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Chai Nat. Habit. Pernnial decumbent-ascending herb.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Ching Rai,
Habitat. Open scrub, mixed deciduous forest, cultivated Lamphun; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
areas, 50-150 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Japan,
Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A. Gardner & C.E. Hubb. Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. On hill or mountain slopes, deciduous dipterocarp
to montane forests.
Habit. Annual decumbent to prostrate herb.
Region. All over the country. Capillipedium laoticum A. Camus
Distribution. Tropical regions of the World. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habitat. Open waste places, on limestone hills, rice elds, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai; SW: Uthai Thani,
mixed deciduous forest, to 1,200 m alt. Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Laos.
Brachiaria ruziziensis Germ. & C.M. Evrard Habitat. Open area, deciduous dipterocarp-oak forests.
Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Pathum Thani, Nakhon Nayok; Capillipedium longisetosum Bor
SE: Chon Buri, Rayong; P: Songkhla. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Habitat. Cultivated throughut the country. Chon Buri, Sa Kaeo.
Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc. Habitat. Open area, wet meadow, on sandy soil.
Habit. Annual prostrate herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Udon Capillipedium parviorum (R. Br.) Stapf
Thani; E: Buri Ram; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; C: Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Sing Buri, Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai, Phitsanulok; NE:
Nakhon Si Thammarat. Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Native to Tropical Asia and Australia, Distribution. Africa, Arabia, India, China, Indochina,
introcuced in Africa. Malesia, Australia.
Habitat. Open grassy ground, sandy soil along stream, Habitat. On hills and mountain slopes, deciduous to
weeds in paddy elds, sandy shore, also deciduous montane forests.
dipterocarp forest, to 1,100 m alt. Capillipedium spicigerum S.T. Blake
Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Annual tufted to decumbent. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Distribution. China, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Philippines,
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Phuket. Indonesia, Australia.
Distribution. Africa, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Habitat. Open grasslands, deciduous scrub, 550-1,300 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Capillipedium sulcatum Bor
Habitat. Open areas in evergreen and montane forests, also Habit. Annual ascending to perennial tufted herb.
in cultivated upland elds, to 1,800 m alt. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi.
Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habitat. On hills, deciduous forests.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai, Nan, Tak, Sukhothai, Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult.
Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; Habit. Annual ascending herb.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Lop Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Buri, Nonthaburi, Bangkok; SW: Kanchanaburi, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan; C:
Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Prachin Buri, Bangkok
Chon Buri, Sa Kaeo, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Krabi, Distribution. S Africa, tropical Asia, Australia, America.
Trang, Songkhla, Yala. Habitat. Open sandy area, along roadsides.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, introduced in America.
Habitat. Along roadsides, on hill slope, open grassland, Cenchrus echinatus L.
along streams in deciduous forests. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen; SW: Prachup Khiri Khan; C:
Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng Bangkok.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Native to America, a widespread weed to
Region. E: Buri Ram; C: Bangkok, Suphan Buri; SW: tropical Africa, Asia, Australia.
Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Seashore sand dunes, shady sandy areas, along
Distribution. S Europe, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, roadsides.
Russia, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Deciduous forests. Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Region. All over the country.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, Australiam, Polynesia.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Partly shady areas, mixed deciduous to montane
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia. forests, to 2,000 m alt.
Habitat. Open area, along roadsides and riverbanks.

Centotheca longilamina Ohwi Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Distribution. India.
Trang. Habitat. Open sandy areas, moist soils, river banks.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Chrysopogon orientalis (Desv.) A. Camus
Malaysia, Indonesia. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habitat. Along trails in deep shade evergreen forest, to 800 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Chionachne massiei Balansa Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Malesia.
Habit. Perennial or annual tufted herb. Habitat. Roadsides, on limestone, coastal sandy areas, open
Region. Chiang Mai; SW: Ratchaburigr; C: Bangkok; deciduous forest, low altitude.
Saraburi. Chrysopogon perlaxus Bor
Distribution. China, Vietnam. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habitat. Moist and open mixed deciduous and dry evergreen Region. SE: Prachinburi, Chon Buri.
forests, rice elds and disturbed areas, to 425 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Chloris barbata Sw. Habitat. Dry limestone hills, ca 75 m alt.
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Chrysopogon serrulatus Trin.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. Subtropical ans tropical regions. Region. C: Saraburi; SE: Rayong, Trat; P: Trang.
Habitat. Coastal areas, as weed in open waste areas. Distribution. S Africa, Madagascar, India, Afganistan,
Chloris gayana Kunth. Myanmar.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous to ascending herb. Habitat. Open deciduous forests, sandy beaches.
Region. SW: Prachup Khiri Khan. Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty
Distribution. Native to Africa, wildely introduced as fodder Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
grass and naturalized throughout the tropics and Region. All over the country.
subtropics. Distribution. India, Africa, China, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Open grassland. Habitat. Damp places, ooded ground, riverbank, roadsides,
Chloris montana Roxb. cultivated for erosion control along roadside
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous to tufted herb. embankment.
Region. NE: Maha Sarakham; SW: Prachup Khiri Khan. Coelachne minuta Bor
Distribution. India, Mauritious. Habit. Annual decumbent herb.
Habitat. Old rice paddy eld, low altitude. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Chloris pycnothrix Trin. Distribution. India, Indochina.
Habit. Annual stoloniferous herb. Habitat. Wet and swamp areas, ca 100 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Coelachne simpliciuscula (Steud.) Munro ex Benth.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, America.
Habitat. Open disturbed pine forest, ca 1,500 m alt.

Habit. Annual prostate herb.
Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei,E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
Perennial ascending herb with creeping rhizomes SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Phuket.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malesia.
Distribution. Tropical Asia, Polynesia. Habitat. Sandy or clayey soil in damp places, moist
Habitat. Open areas, old clearing and waste grounds, grassland, margin of a small lake, rice elds, swampy
roadsides. places, 100-1,300 m alt.
Chrysopogon festucoides (C.Presl) Veldkamp Coelachne soerensenii Bor
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Habit. Annual prostate herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; C: Chai Nat, Ang Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Thong, Nakhon Nayok. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. India, Indochina. Habitat. Moist ground in dry deciduous forest, 50-100 m alt.
Habitat. Rice elds, humid to swampy areas.
Coelorachis cancellata (Ridl.) Bor
Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Choiv. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habit. Perennial tufted or ascending herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E:
Region. N: Lamphun, Tak; SE: Chon Buri; SW: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket, Ubon
Kanchanaburi. Ratchathani.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Open deciduous forests, grassland. Habitat. Open deciduous forests, wet and sandy soil,
Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin. subsp. gryllus 50-1,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Coelorachis glandulosa (Trin.) Stapf ex Ridl.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Lampang; NE: Loei. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. Mediterranean, Nepal, China. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Montane forest, grassland. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Chrysopogon lawsonii (Hook.f.) Veldkamp Habitat. By streams on sandy banks, deciduous forests, up
to 1,000 m alt.
186 1
Coelorachis helferi (Hook.f.) Henrard Cymbopogon annamensis (A. Camus) A. Camus
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
E: Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Distribution. Indochina.
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Saraburi; SE: Habitat. Open grasslands, edges of deciduous dipterocarp
Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla. forest, 250-400 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Cymbopogon calcicola C.E. Hubbard
Habitat. Evergreen and deciduous forests, wet places, to Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
200 m alt. Region. P. Nakhon Si Thammarat
Coelorachis striata (Steud.) A. Camus var. pubescens Distribution. Indochina, Malesia
(Hack.) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen Habitat. Open slopes among crevices of limestone hills.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Cymbopogon calciphilus Bor
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Lampang; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon
Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Phangnga. Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap
Distribution. China, India, Indochina. Khiri Khan;
Habitat. Moist areas, mixed deciduous forest, 100-2,200 m alt. Distribution. Endemic.
Coix aquatica Roxb. Habitat. Limestone hills on the banks of river, ca 130 m alt.
Habit. Perennial aquatic herb. Cymbopogon cambogiensis (Balansa) E.G. Camus & A. Camus
Region. N: Tak, Nakhon Sawan; NE: E: Ubon Ratchathani;
C: Nakhon Pathom, Pathum Thani, Nakhon Nayok, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Bangkok SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Region. C: Chai Nat, Suphan Buri; SE: Prachin Buri,
Phangnga, Phatthalung, Songkhla. Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Distribution. Indochina.
Malaysia. Habitat. Lowland savannah, deciduous forest, ca 50 m alt.
Habitat. Shallow water, margin of the lake, riverbanks.
Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. lacryma-jobi Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf
Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; E: Surin; SE: Prachin Buri; C:
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Bangkok; P: Surat Thani.
Phrae, Tak, Sukhothai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun, Distribution. Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea.
Loei, Khonkaen, E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi. Habitat. Cultivated as a kitchen plant.
Distribution. India, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Indochina,
Malesia. Cymbopogon clandestinus (Steud.) Stapf
Habitat. Cultivated, open wet on on sandy or muddy places, Habit. Perennial or annual caespitose herb.
mixed deciduous forest and distrubed vegetations, to Region. N: Chiang Mai.
1,500 m alt. Distribution. Myanmar.
Habitat. Open areas, hill slopes, mixed deciduous forest, ca
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf 600 m alt.
Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Cymbopogon exuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W.Watson
Loei, Phetchabun. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; SW: Ratchaburi,
Malesia. Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri; P: Ranong, Satun.
Habitat. Cultivated, at high altitude. Distribution. India, Nepal, Mayanmar, Indochina,
Indonesia.
Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. monilifer Watt Habitat. Teak forest, grassland, limestones, 100-1,500 m alt.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; C: Bangkok. Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor
Distribution. Myanmar. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habitat. Cultivated. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. India, Bhatan, Myanmar, Indochina.
Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa (Oliv.) Stapf Habitat. Grasslands and pine forests, 1,300-2,000 m alt.

Habit. Annual ascending herb. Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) W. Watson
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok.
Philippines. Distribution. India, throughout the tropics.
Habitat. Cultivated. Habitat. Open deciduous forests, ca 100 m alt.
Coix puellarum Balansa Cymbopogon microstachys (Hook.f.) Soenarko
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Region. N: Mae Hong Son; C: Chai Nat; SE: Chanthaburi;
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Cultivated, among grasses along the road, ca 1,300 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Habitat. Open rocky ground, open forests, to 1,000 m alt.

Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle Distribution. Africa, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Vietnam.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, sunny areas.
Region. Cultivated all over the country. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, introduced to Indochina, Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Indonesia. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Habitat. Open areas in lowland, to 400 m alt. Distribution. Tropical and sub-tropical and warm-temperate
Cymbopogon traninhensis (A. Camus) Soenarko regions of the Old World.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habitat. Open areas, waste places, along roadsides.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Uses. Forage.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Laos. Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf
Habitat. Rocky hill slopes, open savannah, 1,000-1,900 m alt. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; NE: Nakhon Phanom; E:
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi, Distribution. Africa, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Vietnam.
Trat; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. Deciduous forests, openground, edge of rice eld,
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia. open scrub, to 200 m alt.
Habitat. Cultivated. Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Region. Most regions except in the lower peninsular.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. Africa, India, Nepal, Pakistan, China,
Distribution. Tropic and warm-temperate regions Myanmar, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia.
throughout the world. Habitat. Open areas, along roadsides.
Habitat. Cultivated. Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) C.E. Hubb.
Uses. Animal nutrition and protect soit erosion. Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C:
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Bangkok.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Africa to India and Malesia.
Distribution. Africa, wildely introduced as fodder grass. Habitat. Open elds.
Habitat. Very large stand along road, very rarely owering. Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus
Cynodon radiatus Roth. Habit. Perennial tufted and stoloniferous herb.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; C: Bangkok; SW: Distribution. India to S China and Malaysia.
Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; P: Surat Thani. Habitat. Along roadsides, open elds, open waste ground.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, China, Dichanthium mucronulatum Jansen
Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habitat. Open grassy ground, along roadsides. Region. SW: Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Steud) Stapf Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Habit. Perennial or annual creeping herb. Habitat. Limestone hills.
Region. All over the country. Digitaria abludens (Roem. & Schult) Veldkamp
Distribution. Tropical Asia, Australia.
Habitat. Along river banks in evergreen forest.

Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus Region. N: Chiang mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae; Ne: Loei, Maha
Habit. Perennial or annual creeping herb. Sarakham; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Region. All over the country. SE: Chon Buri.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Indochina, Peninsular Distribution. India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, China,
Malaysia, Australia. Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines.
Habitat. Along shady bamboo forest and edges of evergreen Habitat. Open area in mixed deciduous and deciduous
forests. dipterocarp forests, 50-1,000 m alt.
Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus var. latifolium Digitaria argyrotricha (Andresson) Chiov.
(Honda) Ohwi Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habit. Annual creeping herb. Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Region. All over the country. Distribution. Native to Africa.
Distribution. India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Malesia. Habitat. Open moist area, sandy soil, roadsides.
Habitat. Along shady and swampy areas in evergreen Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.
forests. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus Region. All over the country.
Habit. Annual ascending to decumbent herb. Distribution. Africa, India, China, Myanmar, Malaysia,
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Australia.
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Habitat. Sand dune, sandy area, waste ground, roadsides.
Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani,
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
188 1
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Digitaria petelotii Henr.
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Region. All over the country. Region. NE: Maha Sarakham.
Distribution. Throughout the Tropics and subtropics. Distribution. Cambodia.
Habitat. Roadsides, waste ground. Habitat. Open dry ground area.
Digitaria didactyla Willd. Digitaria pulsilla Ridl.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai
Distribution. Native to Mascarene Islands, introduced in Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
tropical countries. Habitat. Open rocky ground, ca 300 m alt.
Habitat. Weed in plantation areas. Digitaria radicosa (Miq.) Miq.
Digitaria fuscescens (J. Presl) Henrard Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Phetchabun,
Region. N: Tak; NE: Khon Kaen; SE: Chanthaburi. Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; C: Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Distribution. South America, India, Myanmar, Malaysia. Ranong, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Roadsides, waste ground, roadsides, weed in Distribution. India, Nepal, China, Japan, Myanmar,
plantation areas. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia, Indian Ocean
Digitaria heterantha (Hook.f.) Merr. Islands, Madagascar, Pacic Islands.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habitat. Weed in plantation and open moist areas, roadsides,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Phetchaburi, Prachusp bamboo forest, 200-1,300 m alt.
Khiri Khan; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
Thani. Habit. Annual procumbent or prostate herb.
Distribution. China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Philippines. Loei, Sakon Nakhon, E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Habitat. Coastal areas, sand dune, open grassy ground, old Prachup Khiri Khan.
clearing, to 800 m alt. Distribution. Widely distributed in tropic, subtropic and
Digitaria horizontalis Willd. warm-temperate regions throughout the world.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habitat. Roadsides, weedy places.
Region. N: Sukhothai; C: Bangkok. Digitaria setifolia Stapf.
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the world. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Phetchabun, Loei,
Habitat. Open grassland. udon Thani; SW: Kanchanaburi: C: Bangkok; P: Surat
Digitaria larsenii Bor Thani, Pattani.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Widely distributed in tropic Region. of the
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Old World.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Open grassland, pine and deciduous dipterocarp
Habitat. On lime stone hills, ca 700 m alt. forests, 300-2,000 m alt.
Digitaria longiora (Retz.) Pers. Digitaria setigera Roth

Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. All over the country. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Phetchabun; SW:
Distribution. India, Ceylon, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; SE: Rayong,
Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, America. Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Habitat. Open dry ground, sandy soil, mixed deciduous and Thammarat, Phattalung, Yala.
deciduous dipterocarp forests, to 1,200 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Myanmar,
Vietnam. Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, Madagascar,
Digitaria mollicoma (Kunth) Henrard Pacuc Islands.
Habit. Annual ascending or stoloniferous herb. Habitat. Open wet places, limestone hill, to 1,100 m alt.
Region. N: Nakhon Sawan.
Distribution. China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Digitaria siamensis Henrard
Pacic Islands. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Habitat. Open grassland. Region. NE: Loei; Maha Sarakham SW: Kanchanaburi; C:
Suphan Buri, Saraburi.
Digitaria nuda Schumach. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Habitat. Open places, pine and deciduous dipterocarp
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Phetchabun. forests, to 1,200 m alt.
Distribution. Widely distributed in the tropic and subtropic
regions. Digitaria ternata (A. Rich.) Stapf
Habitat. Weed in eld of highland rice, ca 900 m alt. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Digitaria orbata Hughes Distribution. Widely distributed in tropic Region. of the
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Old World.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Open wet places, along roadsides, to 1,500 m alt.
Distribution. Australia.
Habitat. Open dry ground. Digitaria thwaitesii (Hack.) Henrard

Region. NE: Phetchabun; E: Chiyaphum. Habitat. Open grassy and wet sandy soil areas, seasonally
Distribution. India. ooded atlands, paddy elds, edge of rocky or
Habitat. Wet areas, mixed deciduous forest, 200-800 m alt. sandstone areas, to 1,100 m alt.
Digitaria tomentosa (J. Koenig ex Rotter) Henrard Echinochloa colona (L.) Link
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Region. SW: Ratchaburi. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. India, Indochina. Distribution. Africa, America, Asia, Australia.
Habitat. Open dry ground, limestone rock, ca 100 m alt. Habitat. Swamp area, open waste ground, roadside, weed in
Digitaria violascens Link plantation areas, rice eldm to 1,200 m alt.
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Uses. Forage.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv.
Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Bangkok; P: Ranong. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Region. All over the country.
China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Distribution. Africa, Asia.
Australia, South America. Habitat. Weeds in rice elds, marshy areas, roadside, open
Habitat. Weed in rice elds, roadsides on dry ground, waste ground.
deciduous dipterocarp to montane forests, 100-1,900 m alt. Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P. Beauv.
Dimeria fuscescens Trin. Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
Region. N: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; P: Satun. Kanchanaburi; C: Ayutthaya, Bangkok; P: Narathiwat.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal. Distribution. Native to Africa, widely introduced as fodder.
Habitat. Open and grassy areas, on rocky places, clayey soil Habitat. Aquatic weeds.
or sandstone, pine forest, 8001,300 m alt. Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.
Dimeria kerrii Teerawat. & Sungkaew Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Region. N: Tak.
Region. P: Satun. Distribution. Cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions
Distribution. Endemic. of the Old World.
Habitat. Grasslands, ca 50 m alt. Habitat. Cultivated as cereal crop.
Dimeria kurzii Hook.f. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.
Annual caespitose herb Habit. Annual tufted or ascending herb.
Region. N: Loei, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; Region. All over the country.
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga, Satun, Songkhla. Distribution. Tropic and subtropics.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Open waste places, roadside, disturbed areas.
Habitat. Open grassy and wet sandy soil areas, paddy elds, Elytrophorus spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus
also in deciduous dipterocarp forest, to 1,200 m alt. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Dimeria leptorhachis Hack. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Habit. Perennial, caespitose herb. Distribution. Africa, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar,
Region. SE: Trat. Vietnam, Australia.
Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia. Habitat. Open grassland, rice eld.
Habitat. On open rocky areas, stony hillsides, ca 600 m alt. Enteropogon dolichostachyus (Lag.) Keng
Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. var. ornothopoda Ridl. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Saraburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P:
Region. All over the country. Surat thani
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar,
Vietnam, Malaysia, Java, Philippines, Australia. Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia.
Habitat. Open grassy and wet sandy soil areas, rice elds, Habitat. Open rocky ground, limestone hills, shady waste
on rocks by the sea, stream banks, secondary forest, to ground, deciduous forest 150-300 m alt.
700 m alt. Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud.
Dimeria pubescens Hack. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Annual herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; P: Chumphon. Distribution. Tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia.
Distribution. Sri Lanka. Habitat. Open sandy ground in deciduous dipterocarp,
Habitat. Gregarious on wet rocks, silica soil and open sandy evergreen to montane and pine forests, by stream,
ground areas, open pine forest, 1,1001,300 m alt. swampy places and paddy eld, to 1,700 m alt.
Dimeria sinensis Rendle Eragrostis brownii (Kunth) Nees.
Annual, caespitose herb Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Nakhon Phanom, Nong Khai; Region. All over the country.
E: Chaiyaphum, Surin; C: Bangkok, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Malaysia,
Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga. Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia, Pacic
Distribution. China. Islands.
190 1
Habitat. Open sandy areas, sandstone soil, in paddy elds, Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Myanmar,
roadsides, by strem, deciduous dipterocarp and mixed Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, New Guinea.
deciduous forests. Habitat. On dry mud in savannah, riverbed, sandy ground,
Eragrostis burmanica Bor slope hill in mixed deciduous forest, 50-300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Eragrostis montana Balansa
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet, Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Nakhon Sawan; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Indochina. Distribution. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia.
Habitat. Humid sandy soil, by strem, deciduous dipterocarp Habitat. Open sandy and wet soil, by river, scrub, near sea,
forest. dipterocarp forests, boggy place sandstone, to 800 m alt.
Eragrostis capensis (Thunb.) Trin. Eragrostis minor Host
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Region. NE: Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom.
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic of the Old World. Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the world.
Habitat. Sandy soil, open grassy pine forest, dry ground, to Habitat. Sand banks, ca 200 m alt.
1,300 m alt. Eragrostis nigra Nees ex Steud.
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janch. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China,
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic of the Old World. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, ca 1,100 m alt. Habitat. On ridges, open moist ground along roadsides at
Eragrostis ciliata (Roxb.) Nees high altitude.
Habit. Perennial or annual tufted herb. Eragrostis patula (Kunth) Steud.
Region. N: Sukhothai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Rayong; Habit. Annual ascending herb.
SW: Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Rayong. Distribution. Tropical regions of the World.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Habitat. Roadside, 1,000-2,000 m alt.
Habitat. Waysides, dry ground, open deciduous forest, Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees
50-400 m alt. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Eragrostis cumingii Steud. Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Annual to perennial tufted herb. Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of Asia, Europe
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Khon Kaen; and America.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; P: Satun. Habitat. Open sandy soil.
Distribution. China, Japan, Indochina and Australia. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.
Habitat. On dry in mud and open marsh, sandy old elds with Habit. Annual tufted herb.
scatter trees, damp ground, to 700 m alt. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW:
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; SE: Trat; P: Nakhon
Habit. Perennial densely tufted herb. Sritamarat.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. Tropic and temperate regions of the Old
Distribution. Native to Africa, introduced elsewhere as a World.
fodder grass. Habitat. Open sandy soil, waste places, rice elds.
Habitat. Cultivated. Eragrostis riparia (Willd.) Nees
Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Region. SW: Prachup Khiri Khan.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic of the Old World. Habitat. Loamy seashore, beach forest.
Habitat. Weed in nursery, ca 900 m alt. Eragrostis superba Peyr
Eragrostis cylindrica (Roxb.) Arn. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Australia, tropical
Distribution. China, Taiwan. America.
Habitat. Edge of evergreen forest. Habitat. Cultivated.
Eragrostis elongata (Willd.) J.Jacq. Eragrostis spartinoides Steud.
Habit. Perennial tufted or caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. NE: Loei, Khon Kaen. Region. NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; E: Nakhon
Distribution. China to Australia. Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon;
Habitat. Dry rice eld, deciduous forest, 300-400 m alt. Surat Thani.
Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia, Australia, Pacic Islands.
Habit. Annual to perennial ascending herb. Habitat. Deciduous forest, open grassy ground, 50-1,300 m
Region. All over the country. alt.

Eragrostis subsecunda (Lam.) E.Fourn Eremochloa maxwellii Veldkamp
Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Khon Kaen; Region. E: Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani.
C: Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri, Trat; P: Ranong, Trang, Distribution. Endemic.
Satun. Habitat. Grassland in deciduous forest, ca 125 m alt.
Distribution. Temperate and tropical Asia, Australaia. Eremochloa muricata (Retz.) Hack.
Habitat. Dry rice eld, open sandy ground, near sea, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
rosdsides, to 450 m alt. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; SW: Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi,
Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Habit. Annual to perennial ascending herb. Distribution. India, Indochina, Australia.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Open sandy soil in deciduous forest, ca 50 m alt.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Eremochloa petelotii Merr.
Habitat. Moist sandy soil, rice elds, forest margins, in Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
marshy meadow on loamy soil. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin.
Uses. Forage. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam.
Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin. Habitat. Common in paddy elds, ca 250 m alt.
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Eremochloa renvoizei Traiperm & Boonkerd
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Rayong; SW: Kanchanburi, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Satun. Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic Region. of the world. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Lateritic soil, roadsides, open scrub, under 100 m alt. Habitat. In moist soil in crevices between sandstone rocks
Eremochloa attenuate Buit. near stream in pine forest, at 1,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Eriachne pallescens R. Br.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang; NE: Loei; E: Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Si Sa Ket. Region. P: Throughout the region.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China,
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, 450-1,800 m alt. Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Eremochloa bimaculata Hack. Habitat. Open sandy areas, swamp margin, coastal dunes,
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. open beach forest, to 200 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Surin, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Eriachne triseta Nees ex Steud.
Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Sa Kaeo. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SE:
Malesia, Australia. Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Chumphon, Phangnga,
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forests, to 650 m alt. Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia to Australia.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habitat. Open sandy glades, sand dune areas, open beach
Region. All over the country. forest, open area in deciduous dipterocarp forest, to 300 m alt.
Distribution. China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Eriochloa fatmensis (Hochst & Steud.) Clayton
Malesia, Australia. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous, deciduous dipterocarp forest and Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Phetchabun,
pine forests, forest margins, to 2,200 m alt. Udon Thani; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
Eremochloa ciliatifolia Hack. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Habitat. Sunny places, edges of swamp area, to 300 m alt.
Region. NE: Petchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Trat. Eriochloa meyeriana (Nees) Pilg.
Distribution. Mayanmar, Vietnam. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habitat. Grasslands, deciduous dipterocarp and pine forests, Region. C: Suphan Buri, Bangkok, Samut Prakan.
250-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Tropical and subtropical regions of the World.
Eremochloa eriopoda C.E. Hubb. Habitat. Open areas, waste ground, roadsides
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Eriochloa polystachya Kunth
Region. NE: Nong Khai, Mukdahan; E: Si Sa Ket, Ubon Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Ratchathani. Region. NE: Phetchabun.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, Malesia. Distribution. Malesia, tropical America.
Habitat. Open rocky area in deciduous dipterocarp forests, Habitat. In ditch along the road, to 900 m alt.
sandy soil, to 200 m alt.
Eremochloa lanceolata Buit.
Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia,
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Satun. America.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. In rice elds, swampy and salty areas, to 300 m alt.
Habitat. Grassland, deciduous dipterocarp forest, ca 125 m alt.
192 1
Eulalia bicornuta Bor 1,900 m alt.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Eulalia tetraseta Ohwi
Region. NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. Myanmar. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Open grassy pine forest, 100-1,300 m alt. Distribution. Indochina.
Eulalia contorta (Brongn.) Kuntze Habitat. Sloping sanstone with some seeping water, sandy
Habit. Annual tufted herb. old elds, 150-850 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henrard
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram; Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Chai Nat, Lop Buri; SE: Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; E: Nakhon Ratchasima,
Chanthaburi. Buri Ram; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi,
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Trat; P: Chumphon, Surat thani, Phatthalung, Pattani,
Australia. Satun, SongKhla.
Habitat. Open deciduous dipterocarp forest, savannah, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
100-600 m alt. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Eulalia irritans (R. Br.) Kuntze Habitat. Open moist sandy soil places, open savannah,
Habit. Annual tufted herb. deciduous and evergreen forests, to 1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chon Buri. Habit. Perennial densely tufted herb.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina, Austrlia. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Savannah, on clayey soil, deciduous forest, to 800 Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, China, Taiwan,
m alt. Japan, Myanmar, Indochina, Philippines.
Eulalia leschenaultiana (Decne.) Ohwi Habitat. Roadsides, hill slope, deciduous dipterocarp forest,
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. 350-700 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Songkhla. Eustachys tenera (J.S.Presl) A. Camus
Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Indonesia, Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Philippines, Australia. Region. P: Surat Thani.
Habitat. Open scrub, deciduous dipterocarp forest, 50-450 Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
m alt. Habitat. Open rocky slope, weed in coconut plantations.
Eulalia monostachya (Balansa) A. Camus Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwai
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Sa Kaew, Region. NE: Loei.
Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla, Pattani. Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Japan,
Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malesia, Austrasia. Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Papau New Guinea,
Habitat. Sandy ground near sea, savannah, deciduous forest, Philippines.
to 300 m alt. Habitat. Partly shady areas, sandstone rocks, along streams,
Eulalia quadrinervis (Hack.) Kuntze 1,1001,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Garnotia ciliata Merr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Ratchaburi. Habit. Annual ascending or decumbent herb.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Korea, Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Myanmar, Vietnam, Philippines. Distribution. China.
Habitat. Open deciduous forest, 50-1,600 m alt. Habitat. In ditches along main roads, moist places on rocky
Eulalia siamensis Bor slopes, 1,3002,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Garnotia patula (Munro) Munro ex Benth.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Region. NE: Loei.
Malaysia, Philippines. Distribution. India, China, Vietnam and Malaysia.
Habitat. Hill slopes, open deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest, Habitat. Along streams or moist places on open area of
400-1,500 m alt. dwarf oak forest, 1,3001,500 m alt.
Eulalia smitinandiana Bor Garnotia tenella (Arn. ex Miq.) Janowski
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Region. NE: Loei. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Vietnam,
Habitat. Rocky ground in pine forest, ca 1,300 m alt. Malasia, Java, Papua New Guinea.
Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze Habitat. Sunny or shady and moist areas, on tree trunks,
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. mossy rocks, rocky ground areas, stream banks, hill
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: slopes of evergreen and montane forests, 1002600 m alt.
Ratchaburi. Garnotia thailandica Gould
Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S China, Indochina, Perennial decumbent herb
Korea, Japan. Region. P: Trang.
Habitat. Grassland, montane and open deciduous forests, to Distribution. Endemic.

Habitat. Open patches of montane forest, ca 1,800 m alt. carp forest, to 1,500 m alt.
Germainia capitata Balansa & Poitr. Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habit. Perennial prostate herb.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket; SE: Region. NE: Loei.
Chanthaburi; P: Satun, Songkhla. Distribution. Tropical and temperate regions of the world.
Distribution. China, Vietnam, Indonesia (Aru Island), New Habitat. Open pine forest, ca 1,300 m alt.
Guinea, Australia. Hemarthria compressa (L.f.) R. Br.
Habitat. Wet and open sandy and clayey soil areas, also in Habit. Perennial decumbent to stoloniferous herb.
pine forests, to 1,300 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae,
Germainia khasyana Hack. Sukhothai; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Ratchasima; C: Ayutthaya, Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China,
Distribution. India and Myanmar. Japan, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Open swampy areas, tropical grasslands, Habitat. Paddy elds, moist places, to 1,300 m alt.
1501,200 m alt. Hemarthria debilis Bor
Germainia lanipes Hook.f. Habit. Annual caespitose herb.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Swampy areas, ca 50 m alt.
Habitat. Open grassy vegetation areas, dry hill sides in Hemarthria longiora (Hook.f.) A. Camus
deciduous dipterocarp forests, also on limestone hills, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
150-900 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Udon Thani,
Germainia pilosa Chai-Anan Nakhon Phanom, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima,
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Roi Et, Si Sa Ket; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Chai Nat,
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan. Saraburi, Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. China, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Moist sandy soil in open areas, stream banks, Habitat. Moist places, sandy soil, river banks, to 2,350 m alt.
deciduous dipterocarp and mixed deciduous forests, Hemarthria pratensis (Balansa) Clayton
500800 m alt. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Germainia thailandica (Bor) Chai-Anan Region. NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom.
Annual tufted herb Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Habitat. Open sandy moist and swampy areas, also in pine
Distribution. Endemic. forest, to 1,300 m alt.
Habitat. Montane forest, ca 2,000 m alt. Hemarthria stolonifera Bor
Germainia thorelii A. Camus Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Regions: E: Ubon Ratchathani. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Laos. Habitat. Wet places, sea level.
Habitat. On sloping sandstone with seeping water areas, Hemisorghum mekongense (A. Camus) C.E. Hubb
150900 m alt. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Gymnopogon delicatulus (C.B. Clarke) Bor Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom, Nong Khai.
Habit. Annual erect herb. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos.
Regions: N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Habitat. Open sandy areas, along river, ca 200 m alt.
Loei, Nakhon Phanom; E: Ubon Ratchathani, Nakhon Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schut.
Ratchasima; SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Sa Kaew.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina.

Habitat. Open areas of sandy soil, roadsides, moist areas, on
sandstone bedrock areas, savannah in deciduous
Distribution. Tropics and subtropics of the World.
diptercarp forest, 100-500 m alt.
Habitat. Roadsides, open waste places, rice elds, open patches
Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze on rocky limstone hills, deciduous dipterocarp and dry
Habit. Annual tufted herb. evergreen forests, 50-800 m alt.
Lamphun, Lampang; NE: Loei, Nong Khai, Sakon
Heteropogon triticeus (R. Br.) Stapf ex Craib
Habit. Perennila tufted to rootstock herb.
Nakhon; SE: Chon Buri.
Region. Most regions except in the peninsular.
Distribution. Throughout the tropics.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, S China,
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forests, grasslands, to 1,450 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Hackelochloa porifera (Hack.) D. Rhind. Habitat. Open grassy ground, on slope of limestone hill, in
Habit. Annual tufted herb. savannah, 100-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina.
Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Arn.
Habitat. Bamboo forest, open areas in deciduous diptero-
194 1
Habit. Perennial prostate to stoloniferous herb. Imperata cylindrical (L.) Raeusch.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial rhizomatous herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Region. All over the country.
China, Indochina, Malesia. Distribution. Widespread in South America, Africa, Europe,
Habitat. Floating by edge of a pool, small ponds, lakes, tropical Asia, Malesia, Australia.
reservior. Habitat. Weeds in open areas, roadsides, abandoned elds.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees to 2,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Isachne albens Trin.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habitat. Swampy ditches, muddy stream banks, to 400 m Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar,
alt. Vietnam.
Hymenachne assamica (Hook.f.) Hitch. Habitat. Along road in disturbed pine forest, open sandy
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. soil, at streams, to 1,500 m alt.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Bangkok; P: Isachne cochinchinensis Balansa
Phatthalung. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia. Region. P: Satun, Pattani.
Habitat. Along edges of paddy elds, open swampy areas. Distribution. Indochina.
Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf Habitat. Open sandy soil, grassy ground, ca 5 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Isachne confusa Ohwi
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi. Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; N: Chiang Mai; P: Trang,
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Indochina, Indonesia. Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat
Habitat. Marshy areas, dump places in open savannah, pine Distribution. India, Bangladesh, China, Malesia.
forest, 600-1,300 m alt. Habitat. Open marshy ground, swamp areas, sandy soi, to
Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf 100 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Isachne dioica Swallen
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Habit. Annual decumbent herb.
Loei, Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum. Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Africa, Madagascar, Indochina, Indonesia. Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. Edge of deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest, moist Habitat. In moist places along roadsidesm to ca 400 m alt.
areas in savannah, 850-1,300 m alt.
Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze
Hyparrhenia nyassae (Rendle) Stapf Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Distribution. Tropical Africa, Indochina. China, Japan, Korea, Indochina, Malesia, Australia,
Habitat. Edge of deciduous dipterocarp forest, ca 750 m alt. Pacic Islands.
Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf var. siamensis W.D. Habitat. Moist places, in swamp, rice elds, open marsh,
reservoir.
Clayton
Habit. Annual to perennial tufted herb. Isachne kinabaluensis Merr.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phitsanulok, Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Phetchabun; E: Surin. Region. NE: Loei; C: Bangkok; P: Nakhon Sri Thamarat.
Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Open sandy places, roadsides, edge of deciduous Habitat. Moist places, open grassy pine forest, edge of
dipterocarp pine forest, to 1,900 m alt. canals, to 1,700 m alt.
Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth. var. majus Isachne polygonoides (Lam) Dll
(Nees) Stieber Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Habit. Perennial caespitose to ascending herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE:
Region. All over the country. Chanthaburi; P: Ranong.
Distribution. India, Japan, China, Malesia. Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. Shady area, swampy places, on rock by streams, Habitat. Open grassy and marshy grounds, to 900 m alt.
mixed deciduous and dry evergreen to montane forests, Isachne puberula Bor
to 2,000 m alt. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Imperata conferta (J. Presl) Ohwi Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat.
Habit. Perennial rhizomatous herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Udon Thani; SW: Habitat. Sandy soil, open grassland in deciduous forest, ca
Kanchanaburi; P: Krabi. 50 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Isachne pulchella Roth
Habitat. Open areas, beaches, old clearings, sandy and Habit. Annual prostrate herb.
clayey soils, to 450 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE:
Chanthaburi; P: Ranong.

Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indochina, Ischaemum polystachum J. Presl
Malaysia. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Habitat. Shallow water of small lake, 400-800 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum,
Isachne schmidtii Hack. Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Ranong.
Habit. Annual prostrate herb. Distribution. India, Indochina.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Pattani. Habitat. Along river banks, near stream, 50-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.
Habitat. Marshy ground, ca 900 m alt. Habit. Annual tufted to decumbent herb.
Isachne smitinandiana A. Camus Region. All over the country.
Habit. Annual prostate herb. Distribution. Tropical Asia, widely introduced throughout
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. the tropics.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Open moist sandy soil places, roadsides, paddy
Habitat. Open sandy ground, open savannah, damp ground, elds, to 1,800 m alt.
open wet areas, 1,000- 1,300 m alt. Uses. Forage.
Ischaemum barbatum Retz. var. barbatum Ischaemum tenuifolium A. Camus
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. All over the country. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Ratchathani; SE: Chanthaburi.
Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. Paddy elds, wet place, up to 1,500 m alt. Habitat. Grasslands in deciduous dipterocarp forest, to
1,300 m alt.
Ischaemum barbatum Retz. var. lodiculare (Nees) Jansen
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Ischaemum thomasii Traiperm & Boonkerd
Region. NE: Petchabun, Loei, Udon Thani, Nong Khai, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Krabi.
Roi Et, Si Sa Ket; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Distribution. Endemic.
Satun. Habitat. On open ground in evergreen forest, ot 1,450 m alt.
Distribution. SE Asia. Ischaemum timorense Kunth
Habitat. Open grassy pine forest, open areas, 50-1,300 m alt. Habit. Annual loosely tufted to stoloniferous herb.
Ischaemum hansenii Bor Region. N: Chiang Rai; C: Bangkok; SW: Kanchanaburi; P:
Habit. Annual toperennial prostate to decumbent herb. Chumphon, Ranong, Phangnga, Trang, Songkhla, Yala.
Region. P: Trang. Distribution. Tropical Asia, widely introduced throughout
Distribution. Endemic. the tropics.
Habitat. Creeping on rocks, by the sea, at sea level. Habitat. Roadsides, near streams in savannahs, evergreen
forest, to 1,500 m alt.
Ischaemum hubbardii Bor Uses. Fertilizer.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Iseilema siamensis C.E. Hubbard
Distribution. India. Habit. Annual prostrate herb.
Habitat. Open grassland, 1,900-2,300 m alt. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; C: Chai Nat.
Ischaemum ciliare Retz. Habitat. Bamboo forest, under 100 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted to prostate herb.
Region. All over the country. Iseilema thorelii A. Camus
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Indochina, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Malasia. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE:
Habitat. Open places, roadsides, paddy elds, to 1950 m alt. Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi.
Uses. Forage. Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. Open savannah, rice elds, deciduous forest, ca 200 m alt.
Ischaemum magnum Rendle
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Jansenella grifthiana (C. Muell.) Bor
Region. C: Saraburi, Bangkok; P: Trang, Satun, Songkhla. Habit. Annual ascending to decumbent herb.
Distribution. Myanmar, Malesia. Region. P: Ranong.
Habitat. River banks, canals and lakes, to 300 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar.
Uses. Forage. Habitat. Open areas on mountain ridges, montane forest,
1,0001,300 m alt.
Ischaemum muticum L.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Kerriochloa siamensis C.E. Hubb.
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Throughout the region. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Indochina, Khiri Khan; SE: Chanthaburi.
Malesia, Australia, Pacic Islands. Distribution. Indochina.
Habitat. Creeping grasses along roads and seashores, at sea Habitat. Open sandy soils, 150-600 m alt.
level. Leersia stipitata Bor
Uses. Forage, protect soil erosion. Habit. Perennial decumbent with stoloniferous herb.
196 1
Distribution. Topical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Region. SW: Prachub Khiri Khan; P: Surat thani, Krabi,
Habitat. Open wet places, rice eld, riverbanks. Satun, Songkhla.
Leersia hexandra Sw. Distribution. East Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina,
Perennial decumbent herb Malesia, Australia, Pacic Islands.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Open sandy ground, seashore, to 300 m alt.
Distribution. Topical and subtropical regions of the World. Lophatherum gracile Brongn.
Habitat. Wet places, open waste areas ooded ground, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
riverbanks, rice eld, edge of lake and pond. Region. All over the country.
Leptaspis urceolata (Roxb.) R. Br. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Myanmar,
Habit. Annual erect to ascending herb. Indochina, Malesia.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Trang. Habitat. Shady understory of dry evergreen and bamboo
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, forests, river banks.
Malesia. Melinis nerviglumis (Franch.) Zizka
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Annual to perennial decumbent to ascending herb. Distribution. Africa, Indochina
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Rocky ground, deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest,
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China, Japan, to 1,300 m alt.
Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia. Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka
Habitat. Moist places, rice eld, riverbanks, hot water Habit. Annual ascending to tufted herb.
spring, swampy areas, deciduous dipterocarp forest. Region. All over the country.
Uses. Fodder. Distribution. Native to Africa.
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth Habitat. Weed in plantation areas, roadsides.
Habit. Perennial decumbent herb. Microchloa indica (L.f.) P. Beauv.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Samut Prakan; SE: Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Chon Buri, Trat; P: Trang Regions: All over the country.
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Distribution. Tropical regions of the world.
Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Habitat. Open areas, sandy soil on rocky ground, deciduous
Habitat. Dry mud close to sea, seashore, rice eld, diptercarp forest.
mangrove forest. Microchloa kunthii Desv.
Leptochloa malayana (C.E.Hubb.) Jansen ex Veldkamp Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Regions: N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, America.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Habitat. Open areas, deciduous diptercarp and pine forests,
Surat Thani, Trang, Songkhla. 800-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Microstegium ciliatum (Trin.) A. Camus
Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Habit. Perennial rambling herb.
Habitat. By rocky stream, swampy areas, paddy eld, edges Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, SW:
of deciduous and evergreen forests, to 200 m alt. Kanchanburi; P: Phatthalung, Phangnga, Trang.
Leptochloa neesii (Thwaites) Benth. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China,
Habit. Annual to perennial caespitose herb. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Region. SW: Ratchaburi. Habitat. Edge of evergreen forest, 50-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. India, Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Microstegium delicatulum (Hook.f.) A. Camus
Habitat. Waterhole. Habit. Annual ascending to rambling herb.
Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi Region. E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Distribution. Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Habitat. Roadsides, shady river border in forest, ca 600 m alt.
Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok, Samut Prakan; SE: Microstegium fasciculatum (L.) Henrard
Prachin Buri; P: Surat Thani. Habit. Perennial rambling herb.
Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae; NE:
Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, America. Loei; E: Chaiyaphum; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon,
Habitat. Waste places, plantation areas, roadsides, tidal Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun.
swampy places, edge of evergreen forest, to 300 m alt. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia,
Leptochloa tectoneticola (Backer) Jansen ex Veldkamp Indonesia.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habitat. Roadsides, open to partly open deciduous and
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei; P: Surat thani evergreen forests, 50-1,300 m alt.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Microstegium petiolare (Trin.) Bor
Habitat. By path in mixed deciduous and evergreen forests, Habit. Perennial rambling herb.
to 300 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
Lepturus repens (G.Forst.) R. Br. Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habitat. Marshy areas, along the streams in montane forest,

1,300-1,500 m alt. Australia.
Miscanthus fuscus (Roxb.) Benth. Habitat. Open clayiey ground areas, moist savannah,
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. 800-2,200 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; E: Chaiyaphum; Oryza meyeriana (Zoll. & Moritzi) Baill.
SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Ang Thong, Nakhon Nayok; P: Habit. Perennial loosely tufted herb.
Surat Thani. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Indochina,
Habitat. Rice elds, open swampy areas, 50-150 m alt. Malesia.
Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth Habitat. Mixed deciduous to evergreen forests, limestone hill.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Oryza minuta J.Presl
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial caespitose to ascending herb.
Distribution. India, China, Indochina. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Bangkok.
Habitat. Deciduous, pine and bamboo forests, up to 400 m alt. Distribution. India, Indochina, Malesia.
Mnesithea mollicoma (Hance) A. Camus Habitat. Swampy places, damp ditch, evergreen and
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. deciduous forests, to 800 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang; NE: Oryza nivara S.D.Sharma & Shastry
Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Trang, Songkhla. Region. NE: Nong Khai, Udon Thgani; E: Nakhon
Distribution. China, Indochina, Malesia. Ratchasima, Buri Ram.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous to evergreen forests, to 1,200 m alt. Distribution. India, Indochina.
Mnesithea thailandica Traiperm & Bunkerd Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Oryza ofcinalis Wall. ex Watt
Region. E: Roi Et. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. C: Saraburi.
Habitat. Paddy elds, ca 100 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China,
Myriostachya wightiana (Nees ex Steud.) Hook.f. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habitat. Semi-shady areas, alluvial plains.
Region. P: Trang. Oryza punctata Kotschy ex Steud.
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchc. Distribution. Africa, Indochina.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Habitat. Watercovered soil.
Region. All over the country. Oryza ridleyi Hook.f.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Myanmar, Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb.
Indochina, Malesia. Region. SW: Ratchaburi; C: Bangkok; SE: Sa Kaeo,
Habitat. Open areas, on hill slopes, deciduous dipterocarp Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi
and mountane forests. Distribution. India, Indochina.
Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard Habitat. Open area near stream, wet places, to 100 m alt.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Oryza rupogon Griff.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Habit. Perennial tufted to stoloniferous herb.
Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Pattani. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Africa, India, Pakistan, Indochina. Distribution. Tropical Asia, Australia.
Habitat. Edge of mixed deciduous forest. Habitat. Swampy and open marshy areas, edge of peat
Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) P. Beauv. swamp forest, rice eld.
Habit. Annual prosrate herb. Oryza sativa L.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phayao; NE: Loei, Khon Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Kaen; P: Surat Thani. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Tropical regions of the World. Distribution. SE Asia, cutivated world wide in the tropic
Habitat. Sunny to shady areas, along small stream, mixed and warm-temperate regions.
deciduous forest, to 1,000 m alt. Habitat. Cultivated.
Oplismenus compositotus (L.) P. Beauv. Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb.
Region. All over the country. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Tropical regions of the world. Distribution. Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina,
Habitat. Open to shady areas, on limestone, sandy moist Malesia, Australia.
places, mixed deciduous to montane forests, to 2565 m alt. Habitat. Swamp areas, marshy ground, rice elds, river
Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze. bank, open areas in mixed deciduous and evergreen
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. forests, to 300 m alt.
Regions: NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Saraburi. Panicum antidotale Retz.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Indochina, Malesia, Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
198 1
Region. P: Ranong. Habitat. Swamps, ponds, by streams, riverbanks, on
Distribution. Native from Iran to India, widely introduced sandstone and hill slopes.
as forage grass. Panicum longiloreum M.M. Rahman
Habitat. Cultivated. Habit. Perennial prostrate herb.
Panicum atrosanguineum Hochst. ex A. Rich. Region. C: Ayutthaya.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. Habitat. Floating in paddy elds, sea level.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Panicum luzonensis J. Presl
Habitat. Swampy areas, ca 250 alt. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Panicum auritum J. Presl & Nees Region. All over the country.
Habit. Perennia ascending herb. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, Phillipines,
Region. All over the country. New Guinea, Australia.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China, Indochina, Habitat. Open places in lowland, paddy eld, to 300 m alt.
Malesia, Papua New Guinea. Panicum maximum Jacq.
Habitat. Paddy elds, swampy areas, along stream, open Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
marshy ground, sand-bank, to 800 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Panicum brevifolium L. Distribution. Native to tropical Africa and America
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Habitat. Widely cultivated as fodder.
Region. All over the country. Uses. Forage.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Panicum mindanaense Merr.
Habitat. Open partly shad, bamboo forest and edges of Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
evergreen forest, to 1,800 m alt. Region. SW: Phetchaburi.
Panicum curviorum Hornem. Distribution. Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Habitat. Ppen sandy soil, ca 50 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Panicum miliaceum L.
Khan, Ratchaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Indonesia, New Region. NE: Kalasin; C: Chai Nat, Bangkok; P: Nakhon Si
Guinea. Thammarat, Pattani, Yala.
Habitat. Open sandy areas in deciduous dipterocarp forests, Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, widely introduced
open ground near sea, rocky ground, to 200 m alt. to tropic and temperate regions of the world.
Panicum elegantissimum Hook.f. Habitat. Cultivated.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Panicum notatum Retz.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial scrambling herb.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Region. All over the country.
Philippines, Borneo. Distribution. India, Bhutan, S China, Indochina, Malesia.
Habitat. Open sandy ground, deciduous forest, along the Habitat. Edge of evergreen forest, deciduous and bamboo
road, to 500 m alt. forests.
Panicum hayatae A. Camus Panicum paludosum Roxb.
Habit. Annual decumbent to rambling herb. Habit. Perennial ascending herb.
Region. P: Trang. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Phayoa, Chiang Mai,
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia. Phitsanulok; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Open places evergreen forest, to 1,800 m alt. Ratchasima; C: Ayutthaya.
Panicum humidorum Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Indochina, Malesia,
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. New Guinea, Australia.
Region. C: Bangkok. Habitat. Swampy ditch in paddy elds, on mud, riverbanks,
Distribution. India, Indochina, Malesia. sandy ground, open grassy dipterocarp pine forest, to 700 m alt.
Habitat. By ditch in fruit garden, ca 5 m alt. Panicum repens L.
Panicum humile Nees ex Steud. Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun; NE: Nong Khai; C: Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the World.
Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri; P: Habitat. Open grassy ground, marshy areas, ponds, waste
Chumphon, Surat Thani, Satun. ground, roadsides, riverbanks, rice elds, also in mixed
Distribution. Tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, deciduous forest, to 1,200 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia. Uses. Forage.
Habitat. Open sandy, savannah, rocky ground, near sea, Panicum sarmentosum Roxb.
deciduous forest, 200-600 m alt. Habit. Perennial scrambling or rambling herb.
Panicum incomtum Trin. Region. All over the country.
Habit. Perennial rambling herb. Distribution. India, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Malesia, New
Region. All over the country. Guinea, Australia.
Distribution. India, Bhutanm China, Myanmar, Indochina, Habitat. Old clearing, waste ground, mixed deciduous and
Malesia, Australia. evergreen forests, to 1,200 m alt.

Panicum trachyrhachis Benth. Uses. Pasture grass, protect soil erosion.
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Paspalum distichum L.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Udon Thani;
Habitat. Swamp area, open marshy ground, ca 20 m alt. E: Si Sa Ket, Surin; SW: Ratchaburi; C: Pathum Thani,
Panicum trichoides Sw. Bangkok.
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the world.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; Habitat. Open swampy areas, to 1,800 m alt.
C: Lop Buri; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Uses. Pasture grass.
Thammarat. Paspalum longifolium Roxb. var. longifolium
Distribution. Native to tropical America, introduced in Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
tropical Africa and Asia. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Open rocky ground, evergreen forest, scrub near Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China,
sea, to 200 m alt. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Australia, Pacic Islands.
Parahyparrhenia laegaardii Veldkamp Habitat. Swampy and damp places in sandy soil, marshy
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. ground, rice eld, edge of peat swamp forest, also in
Region. E: Ubon Ratchatani. deciduous dipterocarp forest, to 700 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Paspalum longifolium Roxb. var. lorirachis Bor
Habitat. Sloping sandstone with some seeping water, ca 150 m alt. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Parahyparrhenia siamensis Clayton Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Satun. Habitat. Cultivated.
Distribution. Endemic. Paspalum notatum Flgg
Habitat. Open grassy wet grounds. Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Parahyparrhenia tridentata Clayton Region. NE: Khon Kaen.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. Native to tropical and subtropical America,
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan. widely introduced in tropical and warm-temperate
Distribution. Probably Endemic. regions.
Habitat. Wet places, 100-300 m alt. Habitat. Cultivated.
Uses. Forage.
Paspalidium avidum (Retz.) A. Camus
Habit. Perennial caespitose to decumbent herb. Paspalum plicatulum Michx.
Region. Most regions except in the peninsular. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. Tropical Asia, Australia. Region. NE: Maha Sarkham.
Habitat. Limestones, wayside weed, waste grounds, mixed Distribution. Native to tropical ans subtropical America,
deciduous forest, to 1,800 m alt. widely introduced in tropical and warmtemperate
regions.
Paspalidium punctatum (Burm.) A. Camus Habitat. Cultivated.
Habit. Perennial prostate herb.
Uses. Pasture grass.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Ang Thong,
Bangkok. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. scrobiculatum
Distribution. East Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, Habit. Annual to perennial tufted to ascending herb.
Myanmar, Vietnam, Malesia. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Flooded rice elds, wet places, wayside weed, Distribution. Tropics and subtropics of the Old World.
open shallow pond, marshy places, ca 50 m alt Habitat. Open marshy grounds, swamp areas, riverbanks,
open grassy places.
Paspalum canarae (Steud.) Veldkamp Uses. Forage.
Habit. Annual prostate to decumbent herb.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. auriculatum
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina. (J. Presl) Merr.
Habitat. Swamp areas, 1,200-1,800 m alt. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. with stolon Distribution. Tropics and subtropics of the Old World.
Region. All over the country. Habitat. Swamp areas, 200-1,800 m alt.
Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the world. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. bispicatum Hack.
Habitat. Open waste ground, roadsides, open wet places,
rice elds, along stream, forest edges. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Uses. Forage. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phayao, Phitsanulok;
Paspalum dilatatum Poir. NE: Loei, Udon Thani; E: Chaiyaphum; C: Ang Thong,
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Ayutthaya, Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat
Region. All over the country. Thani, Satun, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Native to South America, widely distributed Distribution. India, Vietnam.
throughout the propics. Habitat. River banks, in muddy areas, plantation areas, to
Habitat. Cultivated. 500 m alt.
200 1
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. orbiculare (E.Forst.) Hack. open savannah, deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest, to 700
m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Perotis rara R. Br.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Annual decumbent herb.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Australia, Polynesia. Distribution. China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Habitat. Rice elds, open wet places, marshy grouns, edge Habitat. Open areas of sandy ground, near sea, open grassy
of small ponds. forest.
Paspalum vaginatum Sw. Phacelurus cambogiensis (Balansa) Clayton
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Suphan Buri, Bangkok, Samut Prakan; SE: Distribution. Cambodia.
Chachoengsao, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Habitat. Edge of swamp areas, 200-250 m alt.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Distribution. Tropics and subtropics of the World. Phacelurus zea (C.B. Clarke) Clayton
Habitat. Open wet areas, edge of mangrove, salt waste Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
ground, in tidal swamp, salt marsh, to 50 m alt. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum.
Distribution. India, China, Indochina.
Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. Habitat. Deciduous oak and pine forests on clayey soil, in
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. savannah, 600-900 m alt.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
Habitat. Open moist ground, roadsides at high altitude. Habit. Robust perennial with creeping rhizome herb.
Uses. Lawns and recreation areas, pasture, protect soil Region. N: Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima C:
erosion. Bangkok.
Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. Habitat. Flooded ground, river banks, edge of lake, pond,
Habit. Annual ascending herb. reservoir, marshy places.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, NE: Phetchabun,
Loei, E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Ang Thong, Saraburi, Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.
Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi. Habit. Robust perennial with creeping rhizome herb.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Roadsides, weed in plantation areas. Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World, Australia.
Habitat. Riverbanks, edge of mangrove swamp, open waste
Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Schult. ground, marshy places, moist savannah, to 1,000 m alt.
Region. All over the country. Poa annua L.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Habit. Annual tufted to stoloniferous herb.
Habitat. Open waste areas, roadside, weed in plantation Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai.
areas. Distribution. Throughout the world.
Uses. Fresh fodder or as hay. Habitat. Weed in highland plantation areas, cultivated as
lawn grass at high altitude.
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Habit. Perennial tufted to ascending herb.
Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Songkhla. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Native to Africa. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal Bhutan, Pakistan,
Habitat. Cultivated. China, Japan, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Uses. Forage. Habitat. Moist areas, damp areas, by streams, on rocks in
stream, deciduous and evergreen forests, 300-2,000 m alt.
Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, NE: Sakon Nakhon; SW: Habit. Perennial tufted to ascending herb.
Ratchaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang rai; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
Thani, Phuket, Patthalung, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Kanchanaburi; P: Nahkon Sri Thammarat.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Indochina Distribution. Tropical Asia, Australia.
throughout Malesia. Habitat. Wet places, on rocks along stream, among rocks in
Habitat. Open sandy waste place, sandy moist ground, near deciduous and evergreen forests, 150-1,000 m alt.
sea, open scrub and secondary growth, to 300 m alt. Polytoca R. Br.
Perotis hordeiformis Nees ex Hook. & Arn. Polytoca digitata (L.f.) Druce
Habit. Annual decumbent or stoloniferous or loosely tufted Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun,
Region. Most regions except in the peninsular. Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Chaiyaphum,
Distribution. India, Pakistan, China, Taiwan, Indochina, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Prachin Buri, Sa Kaeo; P:
Malesia. Satun.
Habitat. Open sandy soil areas, roadsides, limestone hills, Distribution. India, Sikkim, Bhutan, China, Myanmar,
Vietnam, Indonesia (Java) and Philippines.

Habitat. Open and shaded areas, disturbed areas, roadsides, Sawan; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen, E:
deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest, tropical grasslands, to Chaiyaphum; SW: Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi; C:
1,500 m alt. Saraburi.
Polytoca wallichiana (Steud.) Benth. Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malesia.
Habit. Annual to Perennial tufted herb. Habitat. Open moist ground, on limestone, roadsides,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; SW: grasslands, mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests,
Kanchanaburi; C: Chai Nat; P: Surat Thani. 100-800 m alt.
Distribution. India, Sikkim, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar. Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton
Habitat. Deciduous forests, edge of or in swamps, open Habit. Annual erect herb.
areas or along banks of streams, 100750 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Polytrias indica (Houtt.) Veldkamp Distribution. Throughout the Old World tropics.
Habit. Perennial prostate herb. Habitat. Weed in plantation areas, along roadsides, to 1,300
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun; E: Nakhon m alt.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok; P: Ranong, Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.
Phuket. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Indochina, Malesia. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phrae, Nan, Tak, Kamphaeng Phet;
Habitat. Waste grounds, shaddy places on limestone, mixed NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Nakhon
deciduous forest, roadsides, planted as a lawn-grass, to Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok,
500 m alt. Bangkok; SE: Chanthaburi.
Pseudanthistiria burmanica Hook.f. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China, Myanmar,
Habit. Annual prostrate herb. Indochina, Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea.
Region. SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi. Habitat. Riverbanks, hill slope, disturbed areas, open
Distribution. Indochina. ground, roadsides, 200-1,200 m alt.
Habitat. Seasonally ooded at, deciduous forest, 50-100 m alt. Saccharum longisetosum (Andersson) V. Naray. ex Bor
Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Stapf Distribution. India, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Indochina.
Habit. Annual prostate herb.
Habitat. Edges of evergreen forest, savannah, 600-1,300 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Nan,
Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Uthai Thani, Saccharum ofcinarum L.
Kanchanaburi. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. Tropic regions of the World. Region. Cultivated on a large scale All over the country.
Habitat. Montane and dry evergreen forests, moist places, to Distribution. Tropical and subtropical countries.
1,800 m alt. Habitat. Lowlands to highlands in sandy soil with good
drainage.
Pseudoraphis balansae Henrard
Habit. Perennial prostate herb. Saccharum narenga (Nees ex Steud.) Hack.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. Indochina. Region. N: Chiang Rai; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; P: Surat
Habitat. Water hole, ca 50 m alt. Thani.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, Myanmar,
Pseudoraphis brunoniana (Griff.) Pilg. Indochina.
Habitat. Edge of open deciduous forests, open wet ground;
Region. C: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Nakhon Nayok,
ca 200 m alt.
Saraburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Songkhla
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Saccharum rupilum Steud.
Indochina, Malesia. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habitat. Flooded areas, rice eld, small pond, to 50 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, China.
Pseudoraphis minuta (Mez) Pilg. Habitat. On hillslopes, ca 1,500 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Saccharum procerum Roxb.
Distribution. India, Indochina. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habitat. Not recorded. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar.
Pseudoraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Vickery Habitat. Open wet places, roadside.
Region. NE: Udon Thani, Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom; C: Saccharum spontaneum L.
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Nakhon Nayok; SE: Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Chanthaburi. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Tropical and warm-temperate regions of the Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World, Australia.
Old World. Habitat. Open wet places, riverbanks, edge of pond and
Habitat. Partly submerged in ponds, rice eld, 20-50 m alt. small lake, old paddy eld, ooded areas, open waste
ground.
Pseudosorghum fasciculare (Roxb.) A. Camus Uses. Fodder, thatching, protect soil erosion, ornamental,
paper pulp.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Ching Rai, Lampang, Tak, Nakhon
202 1
Sacciolepis fenestrata Bor Surin; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri; P:
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Satun.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Distribution. Tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate
Distribution. Endemic. regions of the world.
Habitat. On lateritic soil in open thorny scrub, 70 m alt. Habitat. Rocky ground, open grassy pine forests, open moist
ground, sandy wet places, savannah, 100-1,300 m alt.
Sacciolepis indica (L.) A. Chase var. indica
Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb. Sehima nervosum (Rottler) Stapf
Region. All over the country. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World, Australia. Region. Most regions except in the peninsular.
Habitat. Open wet ground, marshy places, rice eld, weeds Distribution. Tropical Arica and Asia, Australia.
in cultivated areas and savannah. Habitat. Open sandy soil, rocky ground, limestone hill, on
rock near sea, deciduous dipterocarp forest, to 1,300 m alt.
Sacciolepis indica (L.) A. Chase var. turgida (Ridl.)
Gilliland Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth
Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Region. E: Ubon Ratchasima.
Khon Kaen; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri; P: Distribution. Native to Africa, perharps introduced in
Chumphon, Satun. tropical Asia.
Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World, Australia. Habitat. Open area in deciduous forests, ca 270 m alt.
Habitat. Open moist ground, marshy areass, rice eld. Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Sacciolepis indica (L.) A. Chase var. villosa (Hook.f.) Ohwi Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW:
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi; C: Chi Nat, Bangkok; SE: Sa
Distribution. India. Kaeo, Chon Buri.
Habitat. Open grassland, edge of deciduous Distribution. Origin uncertain, now widely cultivated
dipterocarp-pine forest. throughout Asia, Africa, America, Europe.
Habitat. Cultivated, open areas in deciduous forest, grassy
Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf ground, rice eld, to 50 m alt.
Habit. Perennial decumbent herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; E: Nakhon Setaria palmifolia (J. Koenig) Stapf
Ratchasima; C: Ang Thong, Bangkok; SE: Rayong; P: Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Ranong, Phuket. Region. All over the country.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Distribution. West Aca, tropical Asia.
Habitat. Swamp areas, marshy ground, 100-700 m alt. Habitat. River banks, along stream, semi-shady areas, moist
ground, deciduous and evergreen forests, to 2,500 m alt.
Sacciolepis myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus
Habit. Annual tufted herb. Setaria parviora (Poir.) M. Kurgulen
Region. All over the country. Habit. Annual to Perennial tufted herb.
Distribution. Tropical regions of the Old World. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Open marshy ground, rice eld, by pond in Distribution. Tropic and subtropic regions of the world.
savannah, swamp areas, moist clearing limestone, to 500 Habitat. Open areas, sandstone and sandy soils, on rocky
m alt. plain, open grassy forest, deciduous and evergreen
forests, to 1,300 m alt.
Sacciolepis tenuissima C.E. Hubb.
Habit. Annual ascending herb. Setaria plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke
Region. N: Tak; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Habit. Perennial caespitose to decumbent herb.
Chanthaburi. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun,
Distribution. Endemic. Loei.
Habitat. Open savannah, open ground, deciduous Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Japan,
dipterocarp forest, ca 100 m alt. Indochina, Malaysia.
Habitat. Open areas, edge of deciduous dipterocarp and dry
Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Buse evergreen forests, 100-600 m alt.
Habit. Annual prostrate to rambling herb.
Region. All over the country. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.
Distribution. Tropical and warm-temperate regions of the Habit. Annual caespitose to ascending herb.
World. Region. All over the country.
Habitat. Along roadsides, hill slope, open sandy moist Distribution. Native to temperate to sub-tropical Asia.
areas, savannah, deciduous forests, 200-1,000 m alt. Habitat. On hill slope, grassy pine forest, opend ground,
moist ground in savannah, rice elds, river banks, edge
Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilg of deciduous and evergreen forests.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex Moss
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, 600-800 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Native to tropical and S Africa.
Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston Habitat. Cultivated.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei; E:

Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. ground, evergreen forest, 50-100 m alt.
Habit. Annual tufted to caespitose herb. Spinifex littoreus (Burm.f.) Merr.
Region. Most regions except in the peninsular. Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb.
Distribution. Tropical and warm-tempreate regions of the Region. SW: Phetchaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan, SE: Chon
Old World, introduced in America. Buri; P: Surat Thani, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Sandy soil, river banks, plantation areas, old Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Indochina,
clearing places, deciduous forest, open waste areas, Malesia.
roadside, 50-600 m alt. Habitat. On sand by beach, sand dune, open seashore.
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Spodiopogon lacei Hole
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Tropical and warm-tempreate regions of the Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina.
Old World, introduced elsewhere. Habitat. On slpoes of limestone hills, deciduous pine-oak
Habitat. Riverbanks, to 450 m alt. forest, 200-1,600 m alt.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Sporobolus coromandelianus (Retz.) Kunth
Habit. Annual erect to tufted herb. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Region. Cultivated. Region. NE: Maha Sarakham; C: Lop Buri; SW: Prachup
Distribution. Native to Africa, widely cultivated in the tropics. Khiri Khan.
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, introduced in Australia.
Habit. Perennial ascending herb. Habitat. Open sandy soil areas, roadsides, old rice elds,
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Bangkok. 50175 m alt.
Distribution. Native to Mediterranean region, widely Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P.Beauv.
introduced. Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Habitat. Open and wet areas. Region. All over the country.
Uses. Forage. Distribution. Tropical Asia, Australia.
Sorghum nitidum (Vahl) Pers. Habitat. Open waste ground, roadsides, open grassy
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. dipterocarp-pine forest, old rice elds, to 1,600 m alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Ching Rai, Pha Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) Clayton
Yao, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
Phetchabun, Loei, Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom, Khon Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Bangkok; SE: Prachin Buri,
Kaen; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Chanthaburi
Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Saraburi, Lop Distribution. Tropical Asia.
Buri; SE: Prachin Buri, Sa Kaeo, Chachoengsao. Habitat. Open clearing, limestone hills, roadsides, on humid
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China, Japan, sand, evergreen forest, 200-1,100 m alt.
Myanmar, Philippines, Australia, Pacic Islands.
Habitat. Roadsides, open grassy ground, deciduous and pine Sporobolus harmandii Henrard
forests, to 1,300 m alt. Habit. Annual tufted herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; C: Bangkok; SE: Rayong; P:
Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc. var. propinquum Ranong, Satun.
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Sumatra.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Habitat. Open grassy ground, sandy soil, waste areas, ca 10 m alt.
Region. N: Ching Rai, Uttaradit, Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon
Sawan. Sporobolus humilis J. Presl. var. humilis
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Malesia. Perennial tufted to stoloniferous mat-forming.
Habitat. Open marshy places, roadsides, river banks. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malesia, and
Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc. var. siamense Philippines.
(Piper) Snowden Habitat. On dried mud, ca 300 m alt.
Region. N: Lamphun, Uttaradit, Sukhothai, Kamphaeng
Sporobolus humilis J. Presl subsp. minor Veldkamp
Phet, Nakhon Sawan; C: Chai Nat, Sing Buri, Lop Buri,
Region. C: Bangkok.
Suphan Buri, Anf Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya,
Distribution. Tropical Asia.
Saraburi, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Nayok, Nonthaburi,
Habitat. Paddy eld.
Bangkok.
Distribution. South India to Thailand. Sporobolus kerrii Bor
Habitat. Roadsides, wet places, open marshy places, river Annual tufted herb
banks. Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Sphaerocaryum malaccense (Trin.) Pilg.
Habitat. Open areas of sandy soil in montane forest,
Habit. Annual prostrate herb.
savannah, rocky ground, open grassland of silica soil,
Region. SE: Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
1,000-1,400 m alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Indochina,
Malesia. Sporobolus tetragonus Bor
Habitat. Wet bank of stream, damp rocks by stream, swamp Habit. Annual loosely tufted herb.
204 1
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun; NE: Habitat. On hill slope, savannah, 700-1,600 m alt.
Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Thailand. Habit. Annual ascending herb.
Habitat. Open areas, deciduous dipterocarp and bamboo Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet.
forests, 50-700 m alt. Distribution. India, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Indochina,
Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank) Kuntze Indonesia, Australia.
Habit. Annual, loosely tufted herb. Habitat. Open wet places, open grassy forest, rice eld,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SW: Kanchanaburi. deciduous forest, 450-1,800 m alt.
Distribution. Native to tropical America, introduced to Themeda triandra Forssk.
elsewhere. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Habitat. Grassy elds, semi-shade sandy soil areas, Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Sukhothai; NE:
roadsides, to 700 m alt. Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; E: Roi Et; SW:
Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth Kanchanaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Lop Buri; SE: Sa
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Kaeo, Prachin Buri.
Region. SW: Petchaburi, Prachup Khiri Khan; C: Bangkok; Distribution. Tropical Africa, Asia, Australia.
SE: Chon Buri; P: Chumphon, Pattani. Habitat. Open grassy ground, savannah, deciduopus and
Distribution. Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical pine forests, to 1,300 m alt.
regions. Uses. Savanna pastures for live-stock.
Habitat. Sandy beaches, open areas on saline soil pains in Themeda villosa (Poir.) A. Camus
clay or loamy soil, open wet swamp behind the beach, Habit. Perennial tufted herb.
riverbanks near the coast, to 10 m alt. Region. All over the country.
Sporobolus wallichii Munro ex Thwaites Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China,
Habit. Annual to perennial loosely tufted herb. Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
Region. N: Lampang; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Open moist places, savannah, deciduous forest,
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar. roadside, hill slope, edge of evergreen forest, along
Habitat. Semi shady areas in mixed deciduous and dry stream on rocky ground.
evergreen forests, to 800 m alt. Thuarea involuta (G. Forst.) R. Br. ex Sm.
Stenotaphrum helferi Munro ex Hook.f. Habit. Perennial prostrate, stoloniferous herb.
Habit. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; SE: Rayong,
Region. C: Bangkok; P: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Satun, Songkhla.
Distribution. China, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia. Distribution. Tropical Asia, Australia, Pacic Islands.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 50 m alt. Habitat. Seashores, sand dune, coral beach.
Thelepogon elegans Roth Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda
Habit. Annual decumbent herb. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Region. N: Lampang, Tak; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Lop Region. All over the country.
Buri, Saraburi. Distribution. Tropical Asia.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Habitat. Hill slope, moist ground, river banks, open grassy
Habitat. Roadsides, open areas in mixed deciduous forest, ground, deciduous and evergreen forests, roadside.
50-300 m alt. Uses. Young leaves for cattle and buffaloes, large
Themeda arguens (L.) Hack. inorescences for making brooms, ornamental, as a hedge.
Habit. Annual caespitose herb. Tragus mongolorum Ohwi
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Sukhothai; E: Amnat Charoen; SW: Habit. Annual decumbent, stoloniferous herb.
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachip Khiri Khan; C: Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum,
Saraburi; SE: Chon Buri; P: Chumphon. Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin; S-W: Kanchanaburi,
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia, Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Chai Nat, Lop Buri.
Australia. Distribution. East Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Mongolia
Habitat. Open scrub, grassy ground, on limestone hill, Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia.
deciduous forests, to 1,500 m alt. Habitat. Open areas, roadsides, granite hills, limestone
Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) A. Camus areas, savannah, to 450 m alt.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Tripogon larsenii Bor
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Tak; NE: Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Loei, Sakhon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaohum; SE: Prachin Buri; Region. N: Phitsanulok.
P: Songkhla. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Habitat. Open sandstone plateau in moss, ca 1,300 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia. Tripogon siamensis Bor
Habitat. Savannah, deciduous and pine-oak forests, to 1,600 m alt. Habit. Perennial caespitose herb.
Themeda caudate (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) A. Camus Region. NE: Loei.
Habit. Perennial tufted herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. Habitat. On rocky ground along edge of montane forest,
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Myanmar, 1,300 m alt.
Indochina, Malesia.

Tripogon thorelii A. Camus Habitat. Sandy beaches, behind mangrove areas among
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Melaleuca or Spiniex zones.
Region. E: Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Indochina. Poaceae (Gramineae) subfam. Bambusoideae
Habitat. Exposed rocky places, on sanstone bedrock Bambusa afnis Munro
savannah, deciduous dipterocarp forest, 100-650 m alt. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Tripogon tridus Munro ex Stapf Region. Northern Thailand.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Habitat. Un known.
Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss
Distribution. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Indochina. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habitat. Open rocky ground, sandstone plateau, evergreen Region. N: Chiangm Mai; SE: Chon Buri; SW:
and deciduous dipterocarp forests, to 2,350 m alt. Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Urochloa glumaris (Trin.) Veldkamp Distribution. India, Indo China, Indonesia.
Habit. Annual ascending to prostrate herb. Habitat. In mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, also
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; SE: Trat. near stream in disturbed areas, to ca 700 m alt.
Distribution. India, China, Indochina, Malesia, Australia. Uses. Planted as wind break, raw materials are poisonous.
Habitat. Edge of deciduous dipterocarp foresr, weeds in Bambusa beecheyana Munro
cultivated areas, near sea, to 400 m alt. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy Region. Cultivated.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Distribution. S China.
Region. NE: Khon Kaen. Uses. Young shoots edible.
Distribution. Native to tropical east Africa. Bambusa blumeana J.H. Schultes
Habitat. Cultivated. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Urochloa setigera (Retz.) Stapf Region. Cultivated.
Habit. Perennial ascending to decumbent herb. Distribution. Indochina, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Uses. Young shoots edible, clume used for construction,
Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: planted aswind break.
Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Ang Thong, Bambusa burmanica Gamble
Bangkok; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani, Krabi. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Distribution. East Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Myanmar, Indochina, Malesia. Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Malaysia.
Habitat. Old clearings places, deciduous dipterocarp and Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, 600-1000 m alt.
mixed deciduous forests, river banks, to 300 m alt.
Bambusa dolichoclada Hayata
Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Perennial prostate herb. Region. Cultivated.
Region. C: Bangkok. Distribution. China, Taiwan.
Distribution. Tropical Africa and Asia. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Banks of canals, at sea level.
Bambusa longispiculata Gamble ex Brandis
Xerochloa imberbis R. Br. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Perennial caespitose herb. Region. SW: Ratchaburi.
Region. SW: Prachup Khitri Khan; C: Bangkok, Samut Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
Sakhon, Samut Songkhram; SE: Chachoengsao, Chon Buri. Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, to ca 1,000 m alt..
Distribution. Indochina, Malesia, Australia.
Habitat. Open muddy tidal ground, loamy saline soil, in Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult.
mangroves, on beaches, salt creeks and lakes, to 100 m alt. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. C: Saraburi; SE: Chanthaburi.
Zea mays L. Distribution. SE Asia.
Habit. Annual erect herb.
Habitat. Evergreen and der evergreen forests, 100-300 m alt.
Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Native to Central America, widely cultivated Bambusa nutans Wall. ex Munro
elsewhere. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. NE: Phetchabun.
Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf Distribution. India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh.
Habit. Perennial rhizomatous herb.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forests especially edge of
Region. Cultivated.
stream, to ca 600 m alt., also cultivated.
Distribution. India, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar.
Uses. Ornamental.
Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. Bambusa odashimae Hatus. ex D.Z. Li & Stapleton
Habit. Perennial, rhizomatous and stoloniferous
mat-forming herb.
Region. All over the country. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Distribution. Widely distributed on coastal areas in tropical Region. Cultivated.
Asia and cultivated inland for lawns. Distribution. Taiwan.
206 1
Uses. Ciltivated for young shoots.
Bambusa oldhamii Munro Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. Cultivated.
Region. Cultivated. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. China, E Asia. Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland cv. Wamin
Uses. Ciltivated for young shoots.
Bambusa oliveriana Gamble Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. Cultivated.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, ca 700 m alt. Habit. Light clump bamboo.
Bambusa pallida Munro Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Distribution. S China, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, to ca 700 m alt.
Distribution. India, Bandgladesh, S China, Myanmar. Uses. Cultivated for young shoots.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, 450-700 m alt. Cephalostachyum virgatum (Munro) Kurz
Bambusa pierreana E.G. Camus Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. NE: Along Mekong river. Distribution. S China, Myanmar.
Distribution. Laos. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, to ca 700 m alt.
Habitat. River bank, ca 200 m alt. Uses. Clums used for light construction.
Bambusa pierreana E.G. Camus Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Fenzi) Makino
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. N: Phayao; SW: Phetchaburi. Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar. Region. Cultivated.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergren forests, Distribution. S China.
to ca 1000 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Bambusa ridleyi Gamble Dendrocalamus asper (J.H. Schultes) Backer ex K. Heyne
Region. P: Krabi. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. Cultivated all over the country.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 100 m alt. Philippines.
Bambusa sesquiora (MaClure) L.C. Chia & H.L. Fung Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, to ca
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. 1,000 m alt.
Uses. Cultivated for young shoots, clums also used for
Region. N: Chiang Mai. construction and chop-stics.
Distribution. N Vietnam.
Dendrocalamus barbatus Hsueh & D.Z. Li
Habitat. Montan forest, ca 1300 m alt. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Bambusa thorelii E.G. Camus Region. N: Ciang Mai, cultivated.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Distribution. S China.
Uses. Clums used for light construction.
Region. NE: Nong Khai; E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Laos. Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz
Habitat. Along Mekong river, 100-200 m alt.
Region. N:
Bambusa tulda Roxb. Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habitat. In mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, to ca
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: 1,000 m alt.
Phetchabun, Loei. Uses. Cultivated for young shoots and clums.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indochina.
Dendrocalamus copelandii (Gamble ex Brandis) N.H. Xia
Habitat. In mixed deciduous, dry evergreen and montane
forests, 300-1600 m alt. & Stapleton
Uses. Young shoots edible. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland Distribution. Myanmar.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, limestone bed rock.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Trang, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Uses. Clums used for construction, pest resistant.
Distribution. Old World tropics.
Habitat. Commonly cultivated. Dendrocalamus dumosus (Ridl.) Holttum
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. P: Chumphon, Krabi, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si
Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland cv. Vittata Thammarat, Songkhla, Satun.

Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia & J.L.Sun
Habitat. Evergreen forest, on limestone cliff, to ca 400 m alt. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Dendrocalamus elegans (Ridl.) Holttum Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chian Mai.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests,
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Songkhla. 600-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees
Habitat. Evergreen forest, on limestone cliff, under 100 m alt.
Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet;
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Lamphun, Tak; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution. India.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, 200-800 m alt.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and evergreen forest, to ca 300 m alt. Uses. Clums used for construction.
Uses. Cultivated for young shoots and clums.
Dinochloa andamanica Kurz
Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arnott ex Munro Habit. Climbing bamboo, clum single.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. P: Western coast.
Region. India, Bhutan, Nepal, S China, Myanmar, Laos. Distribution. India (Andamans).
Distribution. N: Mae Hong Son, Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Habitat. Evergreen forest, low altitudes.
Sawan.
Habitat. In dry evergreen and montane forests, 900-1100 m alt.
Dinochloa macclellandii (Munro) Kurz
Uses. Young shoots edible, clums for construction. Habit. Caespitose clump, climbing bamboo.
Dendrocalamus khoonmengii Sungkaew, Teerawat. & Hodk. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
Habitat. In Dry evergreen forest, ca 1,000 m alt.
Habit. Loosly clump bamboo.
Region. Nakhon S Thammarat. Dinochloa malayana S.Dransf.
Distribution. Endemic. Habit. Caespitose clump, climbing bamboo.
Habitat. Mountain slobe, near waterfalls, evergreen forest, Region. P: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Hammarat, Phangnga,
ca 100 m alt. Satun.
Dendrocalamus latiorus Munro Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, 1,300 m alt.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Uses. Young shoots edible.
Distribution. China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Vietnam. Fargesia schmidiana A. Camus
Habitat. Montane forest. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Dendrocalamus longispathus (Kurz) Kurz Distribution. Vietnam.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habitat. Montane forest, ca 2,300 m alt..
Region. NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Gigantochloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz
Kanchanaburi. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Region. All over the country.
Peninsular Malasia. Distribution. India, Bangladesh, S China, Myanmar,
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, to ca 400 m alt. Indochina.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, to ca
Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro 1,300 m alt..
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Uses. Young shoots edib;e, clums used for light
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Ciang Mai; NE: Loei. construction.
Distribution. S China, Myanmar, Laos, N Vietnam.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, to ca 800 m alt. Gigantochloa apus (Schult.) Kurz
Uses. Young shoot edible, clumes used for construction, Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
also ornamental. Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Dendrocalamus nudus Pilg. Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar, Peninsular
Malaysia.
Habitat. Disturbed areas, to ca 1,500 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang. Uses. Clums used for construction and furniture.
Gigantochloa atroviolacea Widjaja
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, 300-500 m alt. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Dendrocalamus pendulus Ridl. Region. Cultivated.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Distribution. Indonesia.
Region. Songkhla, Yala. Uses. Ornamental.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Gigantochloa balui K.M. Wong
Habitat. Mountain slopes, evergreen forest, also mountain Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
areas, to ca 1,200 m alt. Region. Peninsular.
Uses. Clums usde for construction. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
208 1
Habitat. Evergreen forest, usually on edges or exposed Habitat. Secoundry growth, to ca 1,200 m alt.
areas, low altitudes. Neohouzeoua kerriana S. Dransf., Pattan. & Sungkaew
Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Kurz) Backer
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Caespitose clump.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Region. P: Chumphon, Ranong.
Thammarat, Trang. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Foot of the hill in evergreen forest, near stream,
Habitat. In dry evergreen and evergreen forests, 100-700 m alt. also disturbed areas, to 1,000 m alt.
Gigantochloa latifolia Ridl. Neohouzeoua mekongensis A. Camus
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Caespitose clump.
Region. P: Yala. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Nong Khai;
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. C: Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 150 m alt. Distribution. Laos.
Gigantochloa ligulata Gamble Habitat. In dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, to
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. 1,200 m alt.
Region. P: Throughout the region. Otatea mbriata Soderstrom ex Mc Vaugh
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habitat. Disturbed areas in evergreen forest, usually under Region. Cultivated.
500 m alt. Distribution. Central America.
Uses. Shoots edible, clums used for light construction. Uses. Ornamental.
Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Munro) Kurz Phuphannochloa speciosa Sungkaew & Teerawat.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon.
Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, ca 200 m alt. Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, ca 500 m alt.
Gigantochloa poilanei (A. Camus) T.Q. Nguyen Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Solotary clump bamboo.
Region. N: Lampang. Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Vietnam. Distribution. Japan.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, ca 350 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Gigantochloa scortechinii Gamble Phyllostachys edulis (Carrire) J. Houz.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Region. Krabi, Yala, Narathiwat. Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. China.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, forest margin, 50-150 m alt. Uses. Ornamental.
Gigantochloa wrayi Gamble Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Region. Cultivated.
Region. Nakhon Si hammarat. Distribution. Taiwan.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 150 m alt.
Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro
Maclurochloa montana Benth. Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump, climbing bamboo. Region. Cultivated.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla. Distribution. China.
Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to ca 1,500 m alt.
Pseudosasa japonica Makino ex Nakai
Melocalamus arundina C.E. Parkinson Habit. Solitary clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump. Region. Cultivated.
Region. P: Prachuap Khiri Khan, Surat Thani. Distribution. Japan, S Korea.
Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, by stream, ca 100 m alt.
Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro
Melocalamus compactiorus Benth. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Habit. Caespitose clump, climbing bamboo. Region. Unknown locality.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Distribution. India, Bhutan, S China, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar. Habitat. In lower montane forest, to ca 1,200 m alt.
Habitat. In montane forest, 1,300-1,600 m alt. Uses. Clums used for making basket.
Neohouzeoua mbrita S. Dransf. Schizostachyum aciculare Gamble
Habit. Caespitose clump. Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo.
Region. P: Ranong, Phangnga.
Distribution. S Myanmar. Region. SE: Trat, Chnthaburi.

Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Sakon Nakhon.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 600 m alt. Distribution. Lao, Vietnam.
Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp forest, low altitude.
Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz Uses. For grazing.
Region. Trang. Pontederiaceae
Distribution. Java, Indonesia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, low altitude, also cultivated. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
Uses. Clums for hanicraft. Habit. Floating or creeping aquatic herbs.
Schizostachyum dullooa (Gamble) A. Camus Distribution. Native to Brazil.
Habit. Caespitose clump, climbing bamboo. Habitat. In rivers, ponds and on swampy ground at low
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi. altitudes.
Distribution. India, Bagladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam. Uses. Use as phytoremediation, paper, organic fertilizer,
Habitat. In dry evergreen and montane forest, 350-1,500 m. biogas production, human food, ber, animal fodder.
Uses. Clums used for making basket.
Monochoria elata Ridl.
Schizostachyum grande Ridl. Habit. Perennial herbs.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. C: Bangkok; P: Phatthalung.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Yala. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. In paddy elds.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 150 m alt.
Monochoria vaginata (Burm.f.) C. Presl ex Kunth
Schizostachyum insulare Ridl. Habit. Perennial herbs.
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Region. All over the country.
Region. P: Satun. Distribution. Tropical Africa, Java, Malaysia, Philippines,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia?. China, Japan.
Habitat. Coastal evergreen forest. Habitat. Common in swamps, ditches, ponds and paddy elds.
Schizostachyum zollingeri Steud. Uses. Stems and leaves used as vegetable also medicinal.
Region. Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Pgangnga.
Potamogetonaceae
Distribution. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Potamogeton octandrus Poir.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, secoundary growth, to 700 m alt. Habit. Aquatic herb.
Uses. Clums used for hadicrafts and ornamental. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Africa, Russian Far East, Mongolia, Korea,
Temochloa liliana S.Dransf. Japan, China, Taiwan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan,
Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea,
Region. Surat Thani.
Australia.
Habitat. In fresh water.
Habitat. On limestone cliff, to 100 m alt.
Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble Restionaceae
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Leptocarpus disjunctus Mast.
Distribution. S Cina, Myanmar, cultivated elswhere. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Rayong, Trat; SW:
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, to 700 m alt.. Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Songkhla.
Uses. Young shoots edible, clums for construction. Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Thyrsostachys siamemsis Gamble Habitat. Sandy area along the sea and inland saline sandy soil.
Region. Most regions, also cultivated. Ruppiaceae
Distribution. S Cina, Myanmar. Ruppia maritima L.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp Habit. Submerged herbs.
forests. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Uses. Young shoots edible, clums for light construction, Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
ornamental. Habitat. In brackish water.
Vietnamosasa ciliate (A. Camus) T.Q. Nguyen
Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Smilacaceae
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima to Ubon Ratchthani; NE: Heterosmilax japonica Kunth
Sakon Nakhon. Habit. Climber.
Distribution. Indochina. Region. SE: Trat; P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp forest, low altitude. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.
Uses. For grazing. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 400-1,500 m alt.
Vietnamosasa pusilla (A. Chev. & A. Camus) T.Q. Nguyen Heterosmilax pertenuis (T. Koyama) T. Koyama

Habit. Caespitose clump bamboo. Habit. Climber.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima to Ubon Ratchathani; NE: Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan; SE: Trat
210 1
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; SE:
Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests. Trat, Chanthaburi
Heterosmilax polyandra Gagnep. Distribution. India, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Indochina.
Habit. Climber. Habitat. Lower montane and evergreen forests, 600-1,300
Region. SE: Chanthaburi m alt.
Distribution. India, S China, Laos. Smilax grifthii A. DC.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 500 m alt. Habit. Climber.
Smilax aspericaulis Wall. ex A. DC. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Climber. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Region. N: Loei Habitat. Lower montane forest, 1,000-1,600 m alt.
Distribution. Taiwan, Philippines. Smilax hemsleyana Craib
Habitat. Lower montane forest, up to 1,500 m alt. Habit. Climber.
Smilax biumbellata T. Koyama Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Habit. Climber. Distribution. China, India, Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai Habitat.Thickets, grassy slopes, 600-1,700 m.
Distribution. India, S China, Myanmar. Smilax inversa T. Koyama
Habitat. Montane forest, 1,000-2,500 m alt. Habit. Climber.
Smilax blumei A. DC. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Surat Thani
Habit. Climber. Distribution. Indochina.
Region. P: Ranong Habitat. Evergreen forest, 1,000-1,200 m alt.
Distribution. India (Andaman Islands), Peninsular Smilax lanceifolia Roxb.
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Habit. Climber.
Habitat. Evergreen and montane forests, to 1,500 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Udon Thani; E:
Smilax bracteata C. Presl Chaiyaphum; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW:
Habit. Climber. Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Region. N: Chiang Rai; SE: Chanthaburi; SW: Prachuap Distribution. India, Bhutan, Sikkim, China, Taiwan,
Khiri Khan; P: Ranong, Krabi Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Japan, Indochina, Malesia, Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, 500-1,600 m alt.
Philippines. Smilax lanceifolia var. elongata (Warb.) F.T. Wang & Tang
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 1,300 m alt.
Smilax calophylla Wall. ex A. DC. Habit. Climber.
Habit. Straggling shrub. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Region. P: Pattani Distribution. S China, Myanmar, N Vietnam.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Habitat. Montane forest, 1,500-2,500 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 300-1,200 m alt. Smilax luzonensis C. Presl
Smilax china L. Habit. Climber.
Habit. Climber. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; E:
Region. N: Chiang Mai Chaiyaphum; SE: Chon Buri; SW: Kanchanaburi; P:
Distribution. S China, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Songkhla, Ranong, Pattani, Surat Thani
Philippines. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular
Habitat. Scrub and open forest, over 1,000 m alt. Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Philippines.
Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, up to 1,000 m alt.
Smilax corbularia Kunth
Habit. Climber. Smilax megacarpa A. DC.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Habit. Climber.
Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Songkhla Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon.
Distribution. S China, N Myanmar, Indochina, Peninsular Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China, Indochina,
Malaysia, Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines.
Habitat. Evergreen and lower montane forests, to 2,000 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, 300-1,200 m alt.
Smilax davidiana A. DC. Smilax microchina T. Koyama
Habit. Climber. Habit. Shrub.
Region. NE: Loei Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. China, Japan, N Vietnam, Laos. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Scrub forests, hilly areas, 100-1,300 m alt. Habitat. Open grassy pine forest, 1,300 m alt.
Smilax extensa Wall. ex Hook.f. Smilax myosotiora A. DC.
Habit. Climber. Habit. Climber.
Region. SE: Rayong, Trat. Region. P: Satun, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 50-1,000 m alt. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 600-1,400 m alt.
Smilax glabra Wall. ex Roxb. Smilax myrtillusA. DC.
Habit. Climber. Habit. Densely branched Shrub.

Region. N: Chiang Mai. Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Distribution. Vietnam.
Habitat. Undergrowth, high mountains; 1,300-2,600 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen and dry deciduous dipterocarp
Smilax ovalifolia Roxb. ex D. Don forest, rice elds, 100-250 m alt.
Habit. Large climber. Stemona collinsiae Craib
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Nakhon Habit. Herb.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi; SE: Sa Kaeo,
Distribution. India, Nepal, S China, Myanmar, Indochina. Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat.
Habitat. Lower montane forest, up to 1,500 m alt. Distribution. Laos.
Smilax perfoliata Lour. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest and mixed deciduous scrub,
Habit. Climber. also in swampy areas and limestone, to ca 500 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Stemona curtisii Hook.f.
Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Nepal, S China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi,
Indochina. Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Throughout the region.
Habitat. Lower montane and evergreen forests, up to 1,500 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Smilax pottingeri Prain Habitat. Deciduous, evergreen and secondary forests,
Habit. Climber. riverbanks, limestone, to 600 m alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Stemona involuta Inthachub
Distribution. N Myanmar, Laos. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Montane forests at high altitude. Region. N: Sukhothai; NE: Khon Kaen; E: Nakhon
Smilax siamensis T. Koyama Ratchasima , Buri Ram.
Habit. Climber. Distribution. Possibly Endemic.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchaburi. Habitat. In deciduous forest on rocky ground, 100-300 m alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Stemona kerrii Craib
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forest, up to Habit. Herb.
1,100 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Smilax synandra Gagnep. Lampang, Tak.
Habit. Climber. Distribution. S China, Laos.
Region. NE: Loei. Habitat. Mixed deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp
Distribution. S China, N Vietnam. forests, near streams, on limestone, 200-900 m alt.
Habitat. Lower montane forest, ca 1,300 m. Stemona phyllantha Gagnep.
Smilax verticalis Gagnep. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Suberect shrub. Region. N: Nakhon Sawan; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen; E:
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Uttaradit, Lamphun, Tak; NE: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum; SW: Phetchaburi; SE: Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi.
Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi Distribution. Cambodia.
Distribution. Indochina. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, near streams, on
Habitat. Relatively abundant in savannah scrubs, on limestone, to 1,000 m alt.
hillside, to 1,000 m alt. Stemona pierrei Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
Stemonaceae Region. E: Surin, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani.
Stemona aphylla Craib Habitat. Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Open scrub, rather wet areas in deciduous
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai, Lampang, Phrae, dipterocarp forest, 200-300 m alt.
Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Udon Thani, Stemona rupestris Inthachub
Khon Kaen; E: Ubon Ratchathani. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan.
Habitat. In dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, Distribution. Endemic.
limestone, 200-700 m alt. Habitat. Blanket marsh on sandstone, deciduous dipterocarp
Stemona burkillii Prain forest, ca 300 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Stemona tuberosa Lour.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Habit. Herb.
Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Nan,
C: Saraburi. Lamphun, Lampang, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng
Distribution. N Myanmar. Phet; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp and mixed deciduous Distribution. India, China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malesia,
forests, near streams, also on limestone, 100-900 m alt. Philippines.
Stemona cochinchinensis Gagnep. Habitat. Evergreen, mixed deciduous and deciduous
Habit. Herb. dipterocarp forests, also on limestone outcrops,
Region. NE: Udon Thani, Nong Khai, Mukdahan; E: Surin, 250-1,200 m alt.
212 1
Stichoneuron calcicola Inthachub Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Phitsanulok, Chiang mai, Tak; NE: Phetchabun;
Region. P: Surat Thani. C: Saraburi; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. S China, Laos, Vietnam.
Habitat. On limestone outcrops, to 300 m alt. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, wet areas, 100-600 m alt.
Stichoneuron caudatum Ridl. Trilliaceae
Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Paris polyphylla Sm.
Habitat. Wet habitats in evergreen forest, mostly near Region. Not recorded.
streams, to 600 m alt. Distribution. China, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Sikkim, Vietnam.
Stichoneuron halabalensis Inthachub Habitat. Forests, bamboo forests, thickets, grassy or rocky
Habit. Herb. slopes, stream sides; 100-3500 m.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Triuridaceae
Habitat. Evergreen forest, along streams, ca 150 m alt.
Sciaphila arfakiana Becc.
Strelitziaceae Habit. Saprophytic herb.
Region. P: Yala.
Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn. Distribution. Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, New
Habit. Tree Guinea.
Region. Cultivated. Habitat. On humus or among dead leaves in shade of trees.
Distribution. Native to Madagascar, widely cultivated in the
tropics. Sciaphila maculata Miers
Uses. Ornamental. Habit. Saprophytic herb.
Region. P: Trang.
Strelitzia reginae Banks ex Aiton Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, New Guinea.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. On humus or among dead leaves in shade of trees,
Region. Cultivated. 400-500 m alt.
Distribution. Native to Africa, widely cultivated in the tropics.
Uses. Ornamental. Sciaphila nana Blume
Habit. Mycotrophic herb.
Taccaceae Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines.
Tacca chantrieri Andr Habitat. On humus, under shade of bamboo, 1,000 m alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. All over the country. Sciaphila secundiora Thwaites ex Benth.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Habit. Saprophytic herb.
Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia. Region. P: Yala.
Habitat. Dryevergreen and evergreen forests, 50-1,000 m alt. Distribution. Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, New Guinea, Solomon
Uses. Young leaves and inorescences are eaten. Island.
Habitat. On dead leaves on limestone rock, 350 m alt.
Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl.
Habit. Herb. Sciaphila tenella Blume
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Habit. Myco-heterotrophic herb.
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Pattani. Region. P: Trang, Satun.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, S China, Myanmar, Laos, Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Asia.
Malesia. Habitat. In sandy soil covered by leaf litter over sandstone
Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forest, to 350 m alt. or limestone rocks, under shade in primary lowland
evergreen forest, ca 90 m alt.
Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze
Habit. Herb. Sciaphila thaidanica K. Larsen
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa Ket; SE: Prachin Habit. Saprophytic herb.
Buri, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Ranong, Phuket. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. W Africa, S & SE Asia, S Pacics, N Australia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Along seashore, beach forest. Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, in the mountain, on black
Uses. Tuber are eaten. humus soil; 1,000 m alt.
Tacca palmate Blume Typhaceae
Habit. Herb.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Trang, Surat Typha angustifolia L.
Thani, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Songkhla. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Malesia, Philippines, Region. All over the country.
Celebes. Distribution. Temperate to tropical regions.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 300 m alt. Habitat. Ponds, lakes, ditches, canals, often forming large
Uses. Tuber used as medicinal. stands.
Uses. Leaves used for thatching, matting and basket-work;
Tacca plantaginea (Hance) Drenth dried inorescences are used for decoration.

Xyridaceae Uses. Medicinal as a cure for ringworm, itch and leprosy,
dry inorescences used for decoration.
Xyris bancana Miq.
Habit. Caespitose perennial herb. Xyris intersita Malme
Region. NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani; SE: Habit. Annual herb.
Trat, P: Phangnga, Krabi, Songkhla. Region. N: Sukhothai; E: Loei, Udon Thani, Bueng Kan,
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Malesia Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham; E: Buri Ram,
Habitat. Wet places, sandy soil at sea level, up to 1,300 m alt. Surin, Ubon Ratchathani; C: Saraburi; SE: Prachin Buri,
Chon Buri, Chanthaburi.
Xyris bituberosa Phonsena & Chantar. Distribution. Myanmar, Indochina.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. On moist, sandy soil among grasses, to 1,300 m alt.
Region. NE: Bueng Kan, Sakon Nakhon.
Distribution. Endemic. Xyris kradungensis B.Hansen
Habitat. On open, sandy soil, wet places in deciduous Habit. Perennial herb.
dipterocarp forest, at 180-450 m alt. Region. NE: Loei, Bueng Kan.
Xyris borneensis Rendle Habitat. In open deciduous dipterocarp and lower montane
Habit. Perennial herb. pine-oak forests, 400-1,300 m alt.
Region. P: Trang, Songkhla.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Banka, Billiton, Borneo Xyris linifolia P.Royen
Habitat. On open, sandy soil, wet places in strand Habit. Perennial herb.
vegetation, at sea level up to 150(700) m alt. Region. NE: Bueng Kan.
Distribution. Laos.
Xyris buengkanensis Phonsena & Chantar. Habitat. On open, grassy places, sandy soil in deciduous
Habit. Perennial herb. dipterocarp forest, ca 200 m alt.
Region. Bueng Kan.
Distribution. Endemic. Xyris lobbii Rendle
Habitat. On open, sandy soil, wet places in deciduous Habit. Perennial herb.
dipterocarp forest, 200-450 m alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Lampang, Uttharadit; NE: Loei.
Xyris capensis Thunb. Distribution. Myanmar, Vietnam.
Habit. Aquatic annual herb. Habitat. Open grassy forest, 1,000-2,150 m alt.
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, China, Malesia, S Xyris pauciora Willd.
Africa, South America. Habit. Annual herb.
Habitat. In open, wet places, bog with shallow water, lower Region. All over the country.
montane oak forest, 900-2,400 m alt. Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, China,
Malesia, Australia.
Xyris complanata R.Br. Habitat. In open wet places among grasses, to 1,300 m alt.
Habit. Perennial herb. Uses. It is believed that a tonic of this plant relieves back
Region. NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Bueng Kan, Sakon Nakhon; and waist pains.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima, Roi Et, Si Sa Ket, Ubon
Ratchathani; SE: Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; C: Nakhon Xyris thailandica Phonsena & Chantar.
Nayok; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Habit. Perennial herb.
Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Region. NE: Loei
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, China, Malesia, Distribution. Endemic.
Australia. Habitat. On open places among grasses in lower montane
Habitat. Open, wet places, deciduous dipterocarp and lower pine-oak forest, 1,200-1,300 m alt.
montane oak forests, to 1,600 m alt. Xyris tuberosa Ridl.
Xyris emarginata Phonsena & Chantar. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. NE: Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; P: Trang,
Region. NE: Bueng Kan. Phangnga.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
Habitat. On open, sandy soil, wet places in deciduous Habitat. On open sandy soil among grasses, lower montane
dipterocarp forest, at 180 m alt. pine-oak forest, to 1,300 m alt.
Xyris grandis Ridl. Xyris wallichii Kunth
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei, Bueng Kan Region. N: Phitsanulok; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon
Distribution. Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Nayok; SE: Trat.
Habitat. Among mosses on open sandstone in lower Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular
montane and dry evergreen forests, 400-1,600 m alt. Malaysia.
Habitat. In wet places on sandstone rocks, lower montane
Xyris indica L. oak-pine forest, 1,000-1,400 m alt.
Habit. Annual herb.
Region. All over the country Zingiberaceae
Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, IndoChina,
China, Malesia, Australia. Alpinia assimilis Ridl.
Habitat. On open, swampy places, lowland to 300 m alt. Habit. Perennial herb.
214 1
Region. SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani. Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe var. nobilis (Ridl.)
Distribution. Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia. I.M. Turner
Habitat. Partly open areas in evergreen forest, 100-500 m alt. Habit. Perennial herb.
Alpinia conchigera Griff. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Habitat. Evergreen forest, 600-1,700 m alt.
Nayok, Bangkok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Trat; Alpinia mutica Roxb.
SW: Phetchaburi; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habit. Perennial herb.
Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Region. N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Thammarat, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Vietnam, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Distribution. India, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habitat. Swampy, evergreen forests, open and shaded areas, Habitat. Swampy forest and cultivated, 10-600 m alt.
0-1,200 m alt., and also cultivated.
Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. var. galanga Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Distribution. India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar.
Phetchabun, Loei; E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Habitat. Along streams, rivers and in mixed deciduous
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, forest, 900-1,100 m alt.
Phangnga, Songkhla, Yala.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China, Laos, Alpinia oxymitra K.Schum.
Vietnam, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Habit. Perennial herb.
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. Region. NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Saraburi,
Habitat. In open space area, dry evergreen and mixed Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Rayong,
deciduous forests, 50-1,250 m alt., also cultivated Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Surat Thani, Songkhla, Narathiwat.
throughout Thailand. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 1-1,150 m alt.
Alpinia intermedia Gagnep.
Habit. Perennial herb. Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum.
Region. NE: Loei. Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. Japan, China, Laos, Vietnam. Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Maha Sarakham, Khon
Habitat. Along stream in montane forest, 1,200 m alt. Kaen; SE: Chon Buri; P: Songkhla.
Distribution. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Island,
Alpinia javanica Blume Shortland Island, Pacic Island, Polynesia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Cultivated.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Pattani,
Narathiwat. Alpinia rafesiana Wall. ex Baker var. hirtior (Ridl.)
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java. Holttum
Habitat. Evergreen forests, 50-500 m alt. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Alpinia luteocarpa Elmer Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 300-1,050 m alt.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; P: Songkhla.
Distribution. Philippines. Alpinia roxburghii Sweet
Habitat. Cultivated. Habit. Perennial herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang,
Alpinia macroura K.Schum. var. macroura Uttaradit, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E:
Habit. Perennial herb. Chaiyaphum.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri, Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos,
Chanthaburi, Trat. Vietnam.
Distribution. Cambodia. Habitat. Edge of evergreen and open grassy pine forests,
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 600 m alt. 700-2,000 m alt.
Alpinia macroura K.Schum. var. glabra Alpinia scabra (Blume ) Naves
Region. SE: Trat. Region. P: Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java.
Habitat.Evergreen forest, up to 200 m alt. Habitat. Tropical rain forest.
Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe var. malaccensis Alpinia siamemsis K.Schum.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; NE: Loei; Region. NE: Khon Kaen, Maha Sarakham; C: Bangkok;
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi. SE: Chon Buri; P: Songkhla.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia. Habitat. Cultivated.
Habitat. Evergreen and mixed pine evergreen forests,
200-1,800 m alt. Alpinia vitata Bull.

Region. Cultivated. Amomum hastilabium Ridl.
Distribution. Papua new Guinea, The Solomon Island, Habit. Herb.
Polynesia. Region. P: Ranong, Phatthalung, Phuket, Trang, Nakhon Si
Habitat. Not recorded. Thammarat, Narathiwat.
Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & R.M. Smith Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest in shade or partial sun, along
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi; P: streams, or on limestone.
Nakhon Si Thammarat. Amomum koenigii J.F. Gmel.
Distribution. India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Habit. Herb.
Indochina, China, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines. Region. N: Tak, Kamphaeng Phet, Chiang Mai; E: Nakhon
Habitat. Evergreen and dry evergreen forests, 600-1,300 m alt. Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi; C: Nakhorn Nayok; SE:
Amomum aculeatum Roxb. Chon Buri, Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Phuket,
Habit. Herb. Phatthalung.
Region. SE: Trat , Chanthaburi ; N: Tak ; SW: Distribution. Myanmar, Laos.
Kanchanaburi , Prachuap Khiri Khan ; P: Ranong, Surat Habitat. Evergreen or mixed deciduous or open forests on
Thani, Phatthalung, Nakon Si Thammarat, Trang, variety of soil types.
Songkhla, Satun, Krabi, Phangnga. Uses. Young fruit can be eaten as vegetable.
Distribution. Indochina, India, Myanmar, Peninsular Amomum lappaceum Ridl.
Malaysia, Indonesia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Damp forest in shade or semi-shade. Region. P: Krabi, Pattani, Narathiwat.
Amomum argyrophyllum Ridl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Region. N: Tak, Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong. Amomum maximum Roxb.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest or tropical rain forest, in shade. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Yala.
Amomum biorum Jack Distribution. India, China.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Amomum micranthum Ridl.
Phatthalung, Songkhla, Satun. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong.
Habitat. Tropical rain forest and dry evergreen forest, in shade. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Amomum chinense Chun Habitat. Evergreen forest or mixed deciduous forest with
Habit. Herb. bamboo.
Region. NE: Nong Khai , Kalasin, Sakhon Nakhon, Nakhon Amomum microcarpum C.F. Liang & D. Fang
Phanom; E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri, Prachin Habit. Herb.
Buri, Sa Kaeo. Region. N: Nan.
Distribution. China, Indochina. Distribution. China, Vietnam, Laos.
Habitat. Dry evergreen forest, mostly disturbed areas in the Habitat. Evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, open
moist deciduous forest, border of dry evergreen forest, areas, 180-1,190 m alt.
ca 300 m. alt.
Amomum molle Ridl.
Amomum compactum Soland ex Maton Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Songkhla, Nakhon Si
Region. P: Satun. Thammarat, Phatthalung.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra). Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Lowland evergreen forest, often cultivated. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Uses. Dried fruit and seeds are used as a spice and
medicinal plant.
Amomum pierreanum Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
Amomum coriandriodorum S.Q. Tong & Y.M. Xia Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Cambodia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Nan; NE: Loei. Habitat. Evergreen forest on sandstone or granite.
Habitat. Hill evergreen and pine forest, under shade of trees
Amomum repoeense Pierre ex Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
or shrubs, moist area along stream, granite bedrock,
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chanthaburi.
850-2,249 m. alt.
Distribution. China, Indochina.
Uses. Young fruit can be eaten as vegetable.
Habitat. Evergreen or mixed deciduous forests, open areas,
Amomum gracile Blume Habit. Herb. also in disturbed area.
Region. P: Ranong, Phatthalung, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution. Laos; Peninsular Malaysia; Indonesia
Amomum schmidtii (K.Schum.) Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
(Sumatra).
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Sakon Nakhon; E:
Habitat. Evergreen forest in shade or partial sun, along
Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat.
streams, or on limestone.
216 1
Habitat. Evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, open Distribution. China, Laos, Vietnam.
areas. Habitat. Evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, open areas.
Uses. Rhizome and leaves usually fragrant, use as mixture Boesenbergia angustifolia (Hall.f.) Schltr.
of soap and shampoo. Habit. Herb.
Amomum sericeum Roxb. Region. Not recorded.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Indonesia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan, Tak, Kamphaeng Phet. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. China, Myanmar, Indochina. Boesenbergia baimaii Saensouk & K. Larsen
Habitat. Evergreen or mixed deciduous forests. Habit. Perennial herb.
Uses. Young fruit can be eaten as vegetable. Region. NE: Sakhon Nakhon.
Amomum siamense Craib Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. In dry evergreen forest on soil rich in humus,
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet. ca 350 m. alt.
Distribution. India?, China?, Myanmar? Boesenbergia basispicata K. Larsen ex Sirirugsa

Amomum spiceum Ridl. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla.
Region. P: Yala. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Evergreen forest, along main trail to waterfall,
Habitat. Evergreen forest. scattered by stream; Dry evergreen forest on granite
Amomum squarrosum Ridl. bedrock., common on damp slope in hill evergreen
Habit. Herb. jungle, ca 300 m alt.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Boesenbergia collinsii Mood & L.M. Prince
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Region. N: Lamphun, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE:
Amomum tomrey Gagnep. Phetchabun, Loei, Nong Bua Lum Phu, Khon Kaen; E:
Habit. Herb. Chaiyaphum.
Region. C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Phatthalung. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Indochina. Habitat. Limestone outcrops in secondary forest with
Habitat. Evergreen, mixed deciduous or open forests. bamboo.
Uses. Young fruit can be eaten as vegetable. Boesenbergia curtisii (Baker) Schltr.
Amomum uliginosum J.Koenig in Retz. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. SW: Ratchaburi; SE: Chon Buri; P: Surat Thani,
Region. N: Phayao, Lampang; NE: Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung,
Phanom; E: Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Trang, Satun, Yala.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri, Rayong, Distribution. Malaysia.
Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Habitat. Evergreen forest on limestone or granite bedrock,
Phatthalung, Pattani, Songkla, Narathiwat. 150-200 m alt., also cultivated.
Distribution. China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Boesenbergia ava (Ridl.) Holttum
Sumatra. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Evergreen or deciduous forest with bamboo, Region. Not recorded.
limestone or granite bedrock, Distribution. Malaysia.
200-1,325 m. alt. Habitat. Not recorded.
Uses. Seed used as medicine.
Boesenbergia gelatinosa K. Larsen
Amomum utriculosum (Ridl.) Holttum Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SE:
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Evergreen forest, on limestone, 200-900 m. alt.
Amomum verum Blackw. Boesenbergia kerrii Mood, L.M. Prince & Triboun
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phattalung, Distribution. E Myanmar.
Trang, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Habitat. In the cracks between limestone rocks.
Distribution. Cambodia, Sumatra.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, often cultivated.
Boesenbergia kingii Mood & L.M. Prince
Habit. Herb.
Uses. Dried fruit and seeds are used as a spice and medicinal plant.
Region. NE: Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Amomum villosum Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, SW China, Myanmar.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. In disturbed area on the margin of a secondary,
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si river in forest in very light shade, at 200 m alt.
Thammarat, Trang.

Boesenbergia longipes (King & Prain ex Ridl.) Schltr. Region. Cultivated.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. China, Andaman Is., Cambodia, Myanmar,
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Trang, Vietnam, Java, Malaysia, Sumatra.
Narathiwat. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Malaysia. Boesenbergia siamensis (Gagnep.) Sirirugsa
Habitat. In shaded of evergreen forest, near stream, 150 m. alt. Habit. Herb.
Boesenbergia maxwellii Mood, L.M. Prince & Triboun Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habitat. On moist slope in bamboo thicket.
Lampang, Tak. Boesenbergia tenuispicata K. Larsen
Distribution. Myanmar, Laos. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Evergreen, mixed deciduous forests. Region. P: Krabi, Surat Thani, Trang.
Boesenbergia ochroleuca (Ridl.) Schltr. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest along stream, disturbed areas.
Region. P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi. Boesenbergia thorelii (Gagnep.) Loes.
Distribution. Endemic? Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Evergreen forest on limestone, 90 m alt. Region. C: Bangkok.
Boesenbergia parvula (Wall. ex Baker) Kuntze Distribution. Laos.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; SE: Trat. Boesenbergia trangensis K. Larsen
Habitat. Disturbed areas, in evergreen forest, 850 m. alt. Region. P: Surat Thani, Krabi, Trang.
Boesenbergia petiolata Sirirugsa Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, disturbed areas, on limestone
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok; SW: bedrock, 50-100 m. alt.
Kanchanaburi; C: Saraburi. Boesenbergia xiphostachya (Gagnep.) Loes.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and evergreen forests, ca 200-300 Region. Not recorded.
m. alt. Distribution. Indochina.
Boesenbergia plicata (Ridl.) Holttum Habitat. Not recorded.
Habit. Herb. Camptandra parvula (King ex Baker) Ridl.
Region. NE: Udon Thani; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Habit. Herb.
Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Region. P: Narathiwat.
Songkhla, Narathiwat. Distribution. Malaysia.
Distribution. Malaysia. Habitat. Evergreen forest, up tp 1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, on slope along stream c.100-850 m. alt.
Caulokaempferia alba K. Larsen & R.M. Sm.
Boesenbergia prainiana (King ex Baker) Schltr. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Phitsanulok.
Region. P: Satun, Narathiwat. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Malaysia. Habitat. Flat sandstone with open grassland.
Habitat. Evergreen forest on limestone bedrock, to ca 150 m. alt.
Caulokaempferia amplexicaulis Suksathan
Boesenbergia pulcherrima (Wall.) Kuntze Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; SW: Distribution. Endemic.
Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Trat; Habitat. Exposed granite rock on mountain ridge, ca 1,770 m. alt.
P: Surat Thani.
Distribution. Myanmar. Caulokaempferia appendiculata K. Larsen & Triboun
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, limestone or granite Habit. Herb.
bedrock, ca 200-500 m. alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Boesenbergia regalis Kharuk. & Todham Habitat. Tropical moist forest
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Lampang, Tak, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Caulokaempferia bracteata K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen
Phitsanulok, Lampang; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Habit. Herb.
Ratchasima; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; C: Nakhon Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Nayok, Saraburi, Nakhon Pathom; SE: Chon Buri; P: Distribution. Endemic.
Ranong, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Habitat. Tropical moist forest.
Distribution. Not recorded. Caulokaempferia chayaniana Tiyaw.
Habitat. Evergreen or mixed deciduous forests, on Habit. Perennial herb.
limestone. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. Distribution.Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. In moist granite clefts and in rock cleavages under
218 1
evergreen lower montane scrub, 900 m. alt. Caulokaempferia satunensis Picheans.
Caulokaempferia jirawongsei Picheans. & Mokkamul Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Satun.
Region. NE: Nong Khai. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. On limestone rocks, 230 m. alt.
Habitat. On rocks facing waterfalls at an altitude as low 200 Caulokaempferia saxicola K. Larsen
m above sea level. Habit. Herb.
Caulokaempferia khaomaenensis Picheans. & Mokkamul Region. N: Phayao; NE: Nong Khai; SW: Kanchanaburi; C:
Habit. Herb. Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Evergreen or mixed deciduous forests, along
Habitat. Steep sandstone mountain, in rocky savanna forest, waterfall, open, moist places along the stream on shaded
at the altitude of 1,093-1,237 m. outcrops, ca 680-720 m. alt.
Caulokaempferia kuapii K. Larsen Caulokaempferia sirirugsae Ngamr.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi. Region. P: Phangnga.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Tropical moist forest. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 85 m alt.
Caulokaempferia larsenii Suksathan & Triboun Caulokaempferia thailandica K. Larsen
Region. N: Chiang Rai. Region. NE: Loei.
Habitat. In open area, 1,700 m. alt. Habitat. In grassland, common in pine forest, scattered in
montane and open pine forests, common on rocky ground
Caulokaempferia limiana Mokkamul & Picheans. in open pine forest, 1,000-1,350 m. alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok. Caulokaempferia violacea K. Larsen & Triboun
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 230 m alt. Region. NE: Loei.
Caulokaempferia pedemontana Triboun & K. Larsen Habitat. Scattered on at top area on sandstone bedrock,
Habit. Herb. grown on rocky surface.
Region. C: Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution. Endemic. Cautleya gracilis (Sm.) Dandy
Habitat. Among rock near stream, ca 300 m. alt. Habit. Terrestrial or epiphytic herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan.
Caulokaempferia phulangkaensis Picheans. Distribution. Himalaya.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Montane forest, mossy rocks, 1500-2,520 m. alt.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom.
Distribution. Endemic. Cornukaempferia aurantiora Mood & K. Larsen
Habitat. Lower montane coniferous forest, 1,460 m alt. Habit. Stemless herb.
Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok.
Caulokaempferia phuluangensis Picheans. & Mokkamul Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Terrestrial herb. Habitat. Not recorded.
Region. NE: Loei.
Distribution. Endemic. Cornukaempferia longipetolata Mood & K. Larsen
Habitat. Flat plateau of sandstone mountain, 1,400-1,470 m alt. Habit. Stemless herb.
Caulokaempferia phutokensis Picheans. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Distribution. Endemic. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, 270-350 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Region. Cultivated.
Caulokaempferia phuwoaensis Picheans. & Koonterm Distribution. India, Myanmar, Indochina and Peninsular
Malaysia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Cultivated.
Region. NE: Nong Khai. Uses. Rhizome used as medicinal plant.
Habitat. Moist sandstone rocks near the waterfall under the
Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
shade of mixed deciduous forests, 203-325 m alt.
Region. NE: Loei, Maha Sarakam, Nakhon Phanom, Sakon
Caulokaempferia saksuwaniae K. Larsen Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket, Surin; SE:
Habit. Herb. Chanthaburi, Chon Buri, Prachin Buri.
Region. P: Phangnga. Distribution. Laos, Cambodia.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. In open area in pine forest, deciduous forest,
Habitat. Evergreen forest. shallow swamp on sandy soil from near sea level to 1300 m. alt.

Uses. Cultivated as ornamental plants. Curcuma aviora S.Q. Tong
Curcuma amada Roxb. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; NE: Nong Khai. Distribution. S China.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. In open pine forests, above 1,400 m. alt.
Habitat. In deciduous forest. Curcuma glans K. Larsen & Mood
Uses. Medicinal. Habit. Herb.
Curcuma angustifolia Roxb Region. N: Lampang.
Habit. Herb. Distribution. Endemic to N Region.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet, Lampang, Habitat. In bamboo forest.
Lamphun, Mae Hong Son, Nakhon Sawan, Nan, Curcuma gracillima Gagnep.
Phitsanulok, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Kalasin, Khon Habit. Herb.
Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Lop
Ratchathani; SE: Chanthaburi; C: Lop Buri, Saraburi; Buri.
SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon, Surat Thani. Distribution. Laos.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Indochina and Habitat. In deciduous forest.
Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. In open areas of deciduous forest, grassland,
Curcuma harmandii Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.
roadside and sometime in partly shaded area.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SE : Chachoengsao,
Uses. Young inorescence is eaten as vegetable.
Chanthaburi, Chon Buri; C: Nakhon Nayok, Saraburi.
Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Distribution. Cambodia and Vietnam.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. In deciduous forest and dry evergreen forests,
Region. Cultivated. 100- 500 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, India.
Habitat. Cultivated.
Curcuma larsenii Maknoi & Jenjitt.
Habit. Herb.
Uses. Medicinal.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Curcuma aurantiaca Zijp Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. In open forest, moist sandy area.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Java.
Curcuma latifolia Rosc.
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Old clearing in evergreen forest and rubber
Region. N: Chiang Mai; SE: Chanthaburi.
plantation, 100-150 m alt.
Distribution. Myanmar, India.
Curcuma bella Maknoi Habitat. In deciduous forests, c 200-1,000 m. alt.
Habit. Herb.
Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. Cultivated.
Habitat. In deciduous and bamboo forests, above 300 m. alt.
Distribution. India and Myanmar.
Curcuma bicolor Mood & K. Larsen Habitat. Cultivated.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son.
Curcuma longa L.
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic to Region.
Region. Cultivated.
Habitat. In deciduous forest with limestone outcrop.
Distribution. Cultivated throughout the tropics.
Uses. Ornamental.
Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep. Uses. Rhizome used for spice and medicinal purposes.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Kamphaeng Phet, Tak; SW; Kanchanaburi,
Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp
Habit. Herb.
Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Region. Cultivated.
Distribution. P Malaysia, Java.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, c 50:300 m. alt.
Curcuma comosa Roxb. Uses. Rhizome is eaten raw as vegetable.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Phitsanulok (Cultivated).
Curcuma parviora Wall.
Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India and Myanmar.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet, Lampang,
Habitat. In deciduous and bamboo forests.
Lamphun, Mae Hong Son, Nakhon Sawan, Phitsanulok,
Uses. Medicinal.
Tak; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; E: Buri Ram, Chaiyaphum,
Curcuma ecomata Craib Nakhon Ratchasima; SE: Chanthaburi, Nakhon Nayok;
R Habit. Herb. C: Saraburi; SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Prachuap
egion. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son. Khiri Khan, Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi; P: Surat Thani.
Distribution. Endemic to N Region. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia.
Habitat. In deciduous and dry evergreen forests, 400-1,300 Habitat. Found in dry area as in deciduous forest and dry
m. alt. evergreen forest, to 1,250 m. alt.
220 1
Uses. Young inorescence is edible; cultivated as Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Khon Kean, Loei,
ornamental plants. Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chanthaburi.
Curcuma petiolata Roxb. Distribution. Cambodia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, 200-600 m. alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok; E: Chaiyaphum; Uses. Ornamental.
C: Lop Buri. Curcuma viridiora Roxb.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Java. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. In deciduous forests, 220-500 m. alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Uses. Cultivated as ornamental plants and cut-owers. Distribution. Myanmar.
Curcuma pierreana Gagnep. Habitat. Deciduous forest, ca 800 m. alt.
Habit. Herb. Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb.
Region. E: Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Vietnam. Region. Cultivated.
Habitat. In deciduous forest, ca 550 m. alt. Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & M.F. Newman Habitat. Cultivated.
Habit. Herb. Uses. Medicinal.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchatani. Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Along small stream in deciduous forest. Region. Cultivated.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. India, Myanmar, China, Indochina, Malaysia,
Curcuma roscoeana Wall. Indonesia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Cultivated.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Mae Hong Son, Phrae, Uses. Medicinal.
Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Elettariopsis curtisii Baker
Habitat. In limestone area, 200-700 m. alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. India, Peninsular Malaysia.
Curcuma rubescens Roxb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 90-800 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Elettariopsis monophylla (Gagnep.) Loes.
Region. Cultivated. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Region. NE: Nong Khai.
Habitat. Cultivated. Distribution. China, Laos.
Uses. Ornamental. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest, ca 140 m alt.
Curcuma rubrobracteata kornik., M. Sabu & Prasanthk. Elettariopsis smithiae Y.K. Kam
Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Peninsular.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Mae Hong Son, Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Phitsanulok, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. India, Myanmar. Elettariopsis triloba (Gagnep.) Loes.
Habitat. In deciduous and dry evergreen forests, 220-700 m. alt. Habit. Herb.
Uses. Ornamental. Region. P: Yala.
Curcuma singularis Gagnep. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Lamphun, Elettariopsis wandokthong Picheans. & Yupparach
Uttaradit; NE: Loei, Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom, Habit. Herb.
Phetchabun, Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin; E: Chaiyaphum, Region. SE: Prachin Buri.
Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchatani; SE: Chanthaburi, Distribution. Endemic.
Chon Buri, Trat. Habitat. Deciduous forest.
Distribution. Laos. Uses. Ornamental.
Habitat. In deciduous and mixed evergreen forests,
80-1,300 m. alt. Uses. Young inorescence is eaten as Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith
vegetable. Habit. Herb.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Curcuma sparganifolia Gagnep. Distribution. Malaysia, Indonesia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 280 m alt.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani, Nakhon Ratchasima, Si Sa
Ket; SE: Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi. Etlingera fulgens (Ridl.) C.K. Lim
Distribution. Cambodia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. In deciduous forest, 150-600 m. alt. Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Uses. Ornamental. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 200-300 m alt.
Curcuma stenochila Gagnep.
Habit. Herb.

Etlingera littoralis (J.Knig) Giseke Globba albiora Ridl. var. albiora
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. Peninsular (may be more widespread).
Distribution. China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Malaysia. Habitat. Widespread but not common.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Globba albiora Ridl. var. aurea Holttum
Etlingera pauciora (Ridl.) R.M.Sm. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Northern; Northeastern; SW: Kanchanaburi,
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Ratchaburi; C: Suphan Buri; Southeastern; P: Phangnga,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Trang, Songkhla.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Etlingera subterranea (Holttum) R.M. Sm. Habitat. Common and widespread.
Habit. Herb. Globba cambodgensis Gagnep.
Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Region. Northeastern.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
Gagnepainia godefroyi (Baill.) K. Schum. Habitat. 180-450 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Globba candida Gagnep.
Region. NE: Mukdahan; E: Ubon Ratchathani; C: Saraburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Cambodia?, Laos. Region. NE: Khon Kaen; Eastern; C: Saraburi.
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
forest, 230-1000 m alt. Habitat. 40-100 m alt.
Gagnepainia harmandii (Baill.) K. Schum. Globba cernua Baker
Region. NE, C, SE. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam? Yala, Narathiwat.
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia.
forest, 60-300 m alt. Habitat. 200-1,050 m alt.
Geostachys angustifolia K. Larsen Globba colpicola K. Schum.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Region. Southeastern.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Ca 25-850 m alt.
Geostachys decurvata (Baker) Ridl. Globba expansa Wall. ex Horan.
Region. P: Yala. Region. N, NE, E, SW, C, P.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution. Burma, China?, Cambodia, Laos, Peninsular
Habitat. Not recorded Malaysia.
Geostachys holttumii K. Larsen Habitat. Common and widespread
Habit. Herb. Globba agellaris K. Larsen
Region. P: Pattani. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N, SW
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Distribution. Endemic.
Geostachys kerrii K. Larsen Habitat. Fertile soil under evergreen forest, 450-1100 m alt.
Habit. Herb. Globba fragilis S.N. Lim
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. Southeastern?; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Krabi,
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Geostachys smitinandii K. Larsen Distribution. Malaysia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. 30-300 m alt.
Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima SW: Phetchaburi; C: Globba geoffrayi Gagnep.
Nakhon Nayok, Saraburi, SE: Chanthaburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. E: Nakhon Ratchasima; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 1,000-1,200 m alt. Chachoengsao, Sakaeo, Chanthaburi, Trat.
Globba adhaerens Gagnep. Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen
Region. N: Lamphun; NE: Phetchabun; E: Ubon forest, 0-800 m alt.
Ratchathani; Central; SE: Trat. Globba laeta K. Larsen
Distribution. Cambodia, Laos. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. 0-1,350 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun; E: Chaiyaphum; SW:
222 1
Ratchaburi; Central? Habitat. Not recorded.
Distribution. Endemic. Globba racemosa Sm.
Habitat. In shade, under evergreen forest, 0-500 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Globba leucantha Miq. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak;
Habit. Herb. Northeastern.
Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Surat Thani, Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, India, Burma, China,
Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Narathiwat. Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia. Habitat. Widespread and common.
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen Globba reexa Craib
forest, 50-1,750 m alt. Habit. Herb.
Globba leucantha Miq. var. bicolor Holttum Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang;
Habit. Herb. Northeastern.
Region. Central?, Peninsular. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia. Habitat. In coarse, gritty soil, under semi-deciduous forest,
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen usually montane, 200-1,200 m alt.
forest, 100-990 m alt. Globba schomburgkii Hook.f.
Globba marantina L. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Region. N, NE, E, SW, C, SE, P. Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei,
Distribution. Sri Lanka to Australia. Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon
Habitat. Widespread and common. Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi,
Globba mogokensis W.W. Sm. & S.C. Banerji Phetchaburi; C: Lop Buri, Suphan Buri, Saraburi,
Habit. Herb. Nakhon Nayok, Bangkok; SE: Prachin Buri.
Region. N, NE. Distribution. China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Common and widespread in forest understorey.
Habitat. 600-1,300 m alt. Globba sessiliora Sims
Globba nisbetiana Craib Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Tak; Southwestern.
Region. Northern. Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 200-375 m alt.
Habitat. In shade, under evergreen forest, 400-1,200 m alt. Globba sherwoodiana W.J. Kress & V. Gowda
Globba obscura K. Larsen Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N, NE, SW.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Distribution. Myanmar.
Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; NE: Loei, Sakon Nakhon; Habitat. 300-1,700 m alt.
E: Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Ratchaburi; C: Suphan Buri, Globba siamensis (Hemsl.) Hemsl.
Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; Southeastern; Peninsular. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Tak; NE: Nong Khai, Mukdahan; E: Ubon
Habitat. 20-1,300 m alt. Ratchathani.
Globba patens Miq. Distribution. Cambodia, Laos.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Dry dipterocarp forest, 200-600 m alt.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Globba substrigosa King ex Baker
Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. 100-1,250 m alt. Region. SW: Kanchanaburi.
Globba pendula Roxb. Distribution. Myanmar.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Evergreen forest, 150-200 m alt.
Region. E, SW, C, SE, P. Globba winitii C.H. Wright
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, Habit. Herb.
Malaysia. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Tak.
Habitat. Common in most forest types. Distribution. Endemic.
Globba praecox Chokthaweep., K.J. Williams & Paisooks. Habitat. Fertile soil under semi-deciduous forest,
Habit. Herb. 250-1,250 m alt.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Globba xantholeuca Craib
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 380-400 m alt. Region. N: Chiang Rai, Phayao, Lamphun, Phitsanulok,
Globba purpurascens Craib Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Sawan; Northeastern;
Habit. Herb. Southwestern; C: Saraburi.
Region. Northern (may be more widespread but taxonomy Distribution. Endemic.
currently uncertain). Habitat. 70-1,000 m alt.
Distribution. Not recorded. Hanifa albiora K. Larsen & Mood

Habit. Herb. Region. P: Yala.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Tropical evergreen forest, ca 1,200 m. alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 150-300 m alt. Hedychium muanwongyathiae Picheans & Wongsuwan
Hedychium biorum Sirirugsa & K. Larsen Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Region. N: Tak, Nan. Distribution. Endemic.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Lower montane scrub at the 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Habitat. Lower montane scrub on limestone hill at 750 m. alt. Hedychium neocarneum T.L. Wu, K. Larsen & Turland
Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Terrestrial, perennial herb. Region. N: Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; Distribution. China, Laos.
NE: Loei. Habitat. Lower montane scrub, 1,000-1,500 m. alt.
Distribution. Nepal, China, Bhutan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Hedychium pauciorum S.Q. Tong
Myanmar, India, Vietnam, Australia. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. Lower montane pine-oak forest or lower montane Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei.
scrub at ca 1,000 m. alt. Distribution. China.
Hedychium coronarium J. Knig Habitat. Lower montane pine-oak forest or lower montane
Habit. Perennial herb. scrub at ca 1,000 m. alt.
Region. Cultivated all over the country. Hedychium phuluangense Picheans. & Wongsuwan
Distribution. Widely cultivated throughout tropical countries. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. Easily grown in moist areas. Region. NE: Loei.
Hedychium densiorum Wall. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Lower montane scrub at 1,000-1,500 m. alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai. Hedychium roxburghii Blume
Distribution. China, Bhutan, India, Nepal. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 900 m. alt. Region. P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga.
Hedychium ellipticum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Distribution. Indonesia.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. On rock or trees near stream in evergreen forest, to
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Payao, ca 150 m. alt.
Pitsanulok; NE: Loei. Hedychium speciosum Wall.
Distribution. Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Laos, Nepal. Habit. Epiphytic Herb.
Habitat. Common in lower montane scrub, 1,000-1,474 m. alt. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nan; NE: Loei.
Hedychium avescens Lodd. Distribution. India.
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Lower montane scrub, 1,000-1,750 m. alt.
Region. NE: Loei. Hedychium siamense Picheans & Wongsuwan
Distribution. India, Nepal. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. Widely cultivated s ornamental plant. Region. P: Ranong.
Hedychium forrestii Diels Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia.
Habit. Terrestrial herb. Habitat. Tropical evergreen rain forest, ca 900 m. alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Nan; NE: Loei. Hedychium spicatum Sm.
Distribution. China, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Hedychium glabrum S.Q. Tong Distribution. India, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar, .
Habit. Herb. Habitat. Upper montane scrub or lower montane scrub at
Region. N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei. 900-2,084 m. alt.
Distribution. China, India, Myanmar, Nepal. Hedychium stenopetalum Lodd.
Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 1,600 m. alt. Habit. Perennial herb.
Hedychium gomezianum Wall. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang,
Habit. Epiphytic herb. Tak, Sukhothai; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Region. N: Tak; P: Krabi, Phangnga, Ranong, Surat Thani, Trang. Distribution. India, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar,
Distribution. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia. Vietnam.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen rain forest, ca 460 m. alt. Habitat. Uncommon scattered on montane, evergreen forest,
Hedychium longicornutum Griff. ex Baker limestone area.
Habit. Perennial herb. Hedychium tomentosum Sirirugsa & K. Larsen
Distribution. Malaysia. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. Tropical evergreen and peat swamp forests. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Hedychium malayanum Ridl. Distribution. Endemic.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. Loewr montane oak forest, limestone ridge,
224 1
1,500-2,000 m alt. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
Hedychium villosum Wall. Kaempferia candida Wall.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phitsanulok; NE: Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Loei; SE: Chanthaburi. Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Distribution. China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia.
Habitat. Lower montane rain forest or lower montane scrub on Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
sand stone, at 1,000-1,500 m. alt. Kaempferia elegans (Wall.) Baker
Hemiorchis burmanica Kurz Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Kamphaeng Phet; SW:
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi. Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Myanmar. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines.
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen Habitat. Common in undergrowth, along streams in mixed
forest, 550-1,100 m alt. deciduous forest on hill limestone.
Hemiorchis pantlingii ssp. rhodorrhachis (K. Schum.) Kaempferia fallax Gagnep.
W.M. Tan Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom; E: Amnat Charoen, Ubon
Region. N: Mae Hong Son. Ratchathani.
Distribution. NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Understorey of deciduous or mixed evergreen Habitat. Paddy eld, sandy soil.
forest, 10-910 m alt. Kaempferia lifolia K. Larsen
Hornstedtia conica Ridl. Habit. Tiny herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. NE: Mukdahan; E: Roi Et, Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. P: Narathiwat. Distribution. Laos.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Java. Habitat. Open area, deciduous dipterocarp forest.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Kaempferia galanga L.
Hornstedtia leonurus (J. Knig) Retz. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. E: Surin, Ubon Ratchathani.
Region. P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun. Distribution. Cambodia, China, India, widely cultivated in
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore. SE Asia.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Open areas deciduous dipterocarp, sandy soil.
Hornstedtia minor (Blume) Valeton. Kaempferia glauca Ridl.
Habit. Herb. Habit. Perennial, deciduous ground herb.
Region. P: Yala. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan, Java. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Habitat. Open disturbed mixed evergreen and deciduous
seasonal forest.
Hornstedtia scyphifera (J. Knig) Steud.
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia grandifolia Saensouk & Jenjitt.
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak Region. NE: Khon Kaen.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest.
Kaempferia albiora Jenjitt. & S. Ruchisansakun
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia koratensis Picheans.
Region. N: Sukhothai. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. C: Saraburi.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Endemic.
Kaempferia albomaculata Jenjitt. & K. Larsen
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia laotica Gagnep.
Region. NE: Phetchabun. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Not recorded. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. Open areas, limestone.
Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc.
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia larsenii Sirirugsa
Region. N: Tak; E: Ubon Ratchathani C: Saraburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Bangladesh. Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Habitat. Shaded, rocky area in dry deciduous forest. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, svanna, sandy soil.
Kaempferia bambusetorum K. Larsen & Jenjitt.
Habit. Herb. Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans.
Region. C: Saraburi. Habit. Herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. C: Lop Buri.

Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. Moist sandstone rocks under the shade of mixed
Habitat. Not recorded. deciduous forest, ca 164 m. alt.
Kaempferia marginata Carey ex Roscoe Kaempferia spoliata Sirirugsa
Region. Northern, Northeastern. Region. E: Si Sa Ket.
Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. Scrub, open grasslands. Habitat. Open, wet areas, sandy soil, 450 m. alt.
Kaempferia minuta Jenjitt. & K. Larsen Plagiostachys albiora Ridl.
Region. E: Ubon Ratchathani. Region. Peninsular.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Not recorded.
Kaempferia pardi K. Larsen & Jenjitt. Pommereschea lackneri Wittmark
Region. NE: Phetchabun. Region. Northern.
Distribution. Endemic. Distribution. China, Myanmar.
Habitat. Not recorded. Habitat. Montane forest.
Kaempferia parviora Wall. ex Baker Rhynchanthus longiorus Hook.f.
Region. NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Region. Northern.
Prachuap Khiri Khan. Distribution. Assam, Myanmar.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Montane forest.
Habitat. Common on beach- dry evergreen forest; disturbed Scaphochlamys biloba (Ridl.) Holttum
mixed deciduous forest on limestone. Habit. Herb.
Uses. Medicinal. Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat.
Kaempferia pulchra Ridl. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Phitsanulok, E: Ubon Ratchathani; SW: Scaphochlamys klossii (Ridl.) Holttum
Phetchaburi; C: Saraburi; SE: Chanthaburi; P: Habit. Herb.
Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Region. Peninsular.
Thammarat, Satun. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Not recorded.
Scaphochlamys kunstleri (Baker) Holttum
Kaempferia roscoeana Wall. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. Peninsular.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Distribution. Myanmar. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Habitat. Open secondary forest, ca 350 m. alt.
Scaphochlamys minutiora Jenjitt. & K. Larsen
Kaempferia rotunda L. Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak; C: Saraburi; SW: Distribution. Endemic.
Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Evergreen forest, ca 200 m alt.
Distribution. China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar.
Habitat. Open grassland, limestone hill. Scaphochlamys obcordata Sirirugsa & K. Larsen
Habit. Herb.
Kaempferia saraburiensis Picheans. Region. P: Narathiwat.
Region. C: Saraburi. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Habitat. Not recorded. Scaphochlamys perakensis Holttum
Habit. Herb.
Kaempferia siamensis Sirirugsa Region. Peninsular.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia
Region. N: Lampang, Nakhon Sawan; NE: Sakon Nakhon; Habitat. Evergreen forest.
E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Endemic. Scaphochlamys rubescens Jenjitt. & K. Larsen
Habitat. Shaded in dry evergreen forest. Habit. Herb.
Kaempferia sisaketensis Picheans. & Koonterm Distribution. Endemic.
Region. E: Si Sa Ket. Siamanthus siliquosus K. Larsen & Mood
226 1
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun,
Smithatris myanmarensis W.J. Kress Lampang, Phrae.
Region. Southwestern? Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp, bamboo, lower montane
Distribution. Myanmar. pine-oak forests, 300-1,200 m. alt.
Habitat. Not recorded. Zingiber callianthus Triboun & K. Larsen
Smithatris supraneanae W.J. Kress & K. Larsen Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Tak.
Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Montane forest, 800-1,200 m alt.
Region. C: Lop Buri, Saraburi.
Distribution. Endemic. Zingiber chantaranothaii Triboun & K. Larsen
Habitat. Limestone hill. Habit. Herb.
Uses. International horticultural trade. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Stahlianthus campanulatus O. Ktze. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest with bamboo.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N; NE. Zingiber chrysostachys Ridl.
Distribution. Vietnam. Habit. Herb.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, Region. SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Chumphon.
Stahlianthus involucratus (King ex Baker) Craib ex Loes. Habitat. In mixed deciduous-bamboo forests, 80-1,300 m. alt.
Habit. Herb.
Region. Unknown locality. Zingiber citriodorum Mood & Theilade
Distribution. Assam, East Himalaya, Bangladesh, China, Habit. Herb.
Myanmar. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,
Habitat. Not recorded. Lamphun, Lampang, Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Stahlianthus macrochlamys (Baker) Craib Habitat. In mixed deciduous dipterocarpbamboo and open
Habit. Herb.
evergreen forests, 570-1,300 m. alt.
Region. N: Chiang Mai; P: Yala.
Uses. Young oral shoots and young rhizomes are eaten by
local people.
Habitat. Pine forest at high altitudes
Zingiber cornubracteatum Triboun & K. Larsen
Stahlianthus pedicellatus Chaveer. & Mokkamul Habit. Herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. NE: Nakhon Phanom.
Habitat. Hill evergreen forest, 1,000 m alt.
Habitat. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, 200-300 m alt.
Zingiber corallinum Hance
Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Tak; SW:
Region. N; NE.
Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Laos.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, S China.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp
Habitat. In mixed bamboo evergreen forests, disturbed
forests.
mixed deciduous forests, hill evergreen forest, 500-1,600 m. alt.
Zingiber barbatum Wall. Zingiber cornubracteatum
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW:
Kanchanaburi.
Distribution. Myannar.
Habitat. In shady places, along stream, in hill evergreen
Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp and evergreen forests,
forests, 800 -1,100 m. alt.
100-300 m. alt.
Zingiber densissimum S.Q. Tong & Y.M. Xia
Zingiber bisectum D. Fang Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Tak.
Distribution. Myanmar, China.
Habitat. In open grassy area in lower montane oak-pine
Habitat. In bamboo-deciduous to evergreen forests,
forests, 900-1,600 m. alt.
500-1,000 m. alt.
Zingiber brachystachys Triboun & K. Larsen
Zingiber avomaculosum S.Q. Tong
Habit. Herb.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son; SW: Phetchaburi.
Region. C: Saraburi.
Habitat. Dry evergreen, montane and mixed deciduous
Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest with bamboo, 150-300 m alt.
Zingiber bradleyanum Craib
Zingiber avovirens Theilade Zingiber larsenii I. Theidea
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; NE: Phetchabun.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous to dry evergreen forests. Habitat. In hill evergreen forests, 800-1,400 m. alt.
Zingiber fragile S.Q. Tong Zingiber leptoscapus P. Triboun
Region. NE: Phetchabun; SW: Kanchanaburi. Region. N: Tak.
Distribution. China. Distribution. Endemic.
Habitat. In mixed bamboo-deciduous and oak-pine forests. Habitat. In mixed deciduous forests, 700-900 m. alt.
Zingiber gramineum Noranha Uses. Medicinal.
Habit. Perennial herb. Zingiber ligulatum Roxb.
Region. N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Habit. Perennial herb.
SE: Chanthaburi, Chon Buri, Rayong, Sa Kaeo; P: Surat Region. NE: Khon Kaen.
Thani. Distribution. India.
Distribution. Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia. Habitat. In shaded areas. Uses. Medicinal.
Habitat. In scrub, edge of evergreen forests, and in mixed Zingiber longibracteatum Theilade
deciduous forests, 80-1300 m alt. Uses. Young Habit. Perennial herb.
inorescence is eaten as vegetable. Region. SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Chumphon, Ranong,
Zingiber idea P. Triboun & K. Larsen Panganga, Krabi, Trang.
Habit. Rhizomatous herb. Distribution. Malaysia.
Region. SW: Kanchanaburi. Habitat. Evergreen forests, limestone foothills, to 300 m. alt.
Distribution. Endemic. Zingiber longiligulatum S.Q. Tong
Habitat. In mixed-deciduous and bamboo forests, on Habit. Perennial herb.
limestone hill, 250-800 m. alt. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Zingiber integrum S.Q. Tong Distribution. China.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In mixed deciduous forests, 750-900 m. alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Zingiber mekongense Gagnep.
Distribution. China. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous, and hill evergreen forests, Region. SE: Chanthaburi.
1,000-1,400 m. alt. Distribution. Laos, Cambodia.
Zingiber isanense Triboun & K. Larsen Habitat. Evergreen forests, low altitude.
Habit. Herb. Zingiber monglaense S.J. Chen & Z.Y. Chen
Region. NE: Mukdahan. Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. Endemic. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai.
Habitat. dry evergreen and deciduous forests. Distribution. China.
Zingiber junceum Gagnep. Habitat. In dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests.
Habit. Perennial herb. Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr.
Region. NE: Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon; E: Chaiyaphum, Habit. Perennial herb.
Amnat Chareon, Ubon Ratchathani. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. Cambodia. Distribution. Cultivated throughout the tropics.
Habitat. In deciduous forest. Habitat. In shaded, dry or moist areas.
Zingiber kelantanense C.K. Lim Zingiber neotruncatum Wu, K. Larsen & Turland
Region. P: Yala. Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan,
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Tak, Phisanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; E: Nakhon
Habitat. In dense evergreen forests. Ratchasima.
Zingiber kerrii Craib Distribution. China.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In hill evergreen forests, 900-1,800 m. alt.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Zingiber newmanii Theilade & Mood
Loei; E: Chaiyaphum. Habit. Perennial herb.
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam. Region. P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.
Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp forest, bamboo forest, Distribution. Endemic.
montane forest, 300-1,300 m. alt. Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Zingiber laoticum Gagnep. Zingiber niveum Mood & Theilade
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lumphun; NE: Loei. Region. NE: Mukdahan; E: Ubon Ratchathani.
Distribution. Laos, S China. Distribution. Laos.
Habitat. In dry evergreen, and mixed bamboo-deciduous Habitat. In deciduous forests. Uses. Ornamental
228 1
Zingiber ofcinale (L.) Roscoe Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore.
Region. Cultivated all over the country. Habitat. In dense evergreen forests, on sandy soil.
Distribution. Widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. Zingiber puberulum Ridl. var. ovoideum Houltum
Habitat. In scrub, edge of evergreen forests, 80-1,300 m, alt. Habit. Perennial herb.
Uses. Vegetable, spices and medicinal. Region. P: Ranong, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.
Zingiber olivaceum Mood & Theilade Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Habit. Perennial herb. Habitat. In dense evergreen forests, on sandy soil.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Zingiber pyroglossum P. Triboun & K. Larsen
Habitat. Evergreen forest, 400-700 m. alt.

Habit. Herb.
Zingiber orbiculatum S.Q. Tong Region. NE: Phetchabun.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Endemic.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phrae, Habitat. Montane pine forest.
Nakhon Sawan; NE: Phetchabun.
SW: Kanchanaburi.
Zingiber raja C.K. Lim & B. Kharukanant
Region. P: Narathiwat, Yala.
Habitat. Mixed deciduous and lower montane forests,
400-1,400 m. alt.
Habitat. In dense evergreen forests, on sandy soil,150-400 m. alt.
Zingiber ottensii Valeton Zingiber rarissimum
Region. Cultivated all over the country.
Distribution. Penninsular Malaysia.
Habitat. In moist and shaded area.
Habitat. In mixed deciduous and bamboo.
Zingiber pardocheilum Wall. ex Voigt Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe
Region. N: Tak.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, China.
Habitat. Edge of evergreen forests, mixed deciduous forests.
Habitat. In deciduous forest on limestone outcrops,
Zingiber parishii Hook.f. 80-1,100 m. alt.
Zingiber rubens Roxb.
Lumphun, Lampang, Nan; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi;
Region. N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai; NE: Sakon Nakhon.
C: Saraburi.
Distribution. India, Vietnam.
Habitat. In dry evergreen and mixed dipterocarp forests,
Habitat. In mixed deciduous forest, bamboo forests, mixed
700-900 m. alt.
400-900 m. alt.
Zingiber sadakornii P. Triboun & K. Larsen
Zingiber parishii Hook.f. subsp. phuphanense Triboun & Habit. Herb.
K. Larsen Region. NE: Loei.
Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon. Habitat. Mixed deciduous forest.
Habitat. Dry evergreen to mix deciduous forest. Zingiber simaoense Y.Y. Qian
Zingiber pellitum Gagnep. Region. N: Mae Hong Son.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. China.
Region. C: Saraburi. Habitat. In deciduous dipterocarp forests, 700-900 m. alt.
Habitat. In dry evergreen to deciduous forests, low alt. Zingiber smilesianum Craib
Zingiber peninsulare Theilade Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun,
Habit. Perennial herb. Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Region. SE: Chanthaburi; P: Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket. Distribution. China.
Distribution. Endemic. Habitat. In hill evergreen and pine forests, 800-1,700 m. alt.
Habitat. In disturbed evergreen forests.
Zingiber spectabile Griff.
Zingiber petiolatum (Houltum) Theilade Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. P: Throughout the region.
Region. P: Pattani, Narathiwat. Distribution. India, Malaysia.
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat. Evergreen forest, to 400 m. alt.
Habitat. Evergreen forests, low altitude.
Zingiber tenuiscapus Triboun & K. Larsen
Zingiber puberulum Ridl. var. puberulum Habit. Herb.
Habit. Perennial herb. Region. N: Tak.

Distribution. Endemic. Zingiber wrayi Ridl. var. halabala C.K. Lim
Habitat. mixed deciduous forest, 800-1,000 m. Habit. Perennial herb.
Zingiber thorelii Gagnep. Region. P: Yala.
Habit. Perennial herb. Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.
Region. N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Habitat. Evergreen forest.
Phayao, Nan, Tak; NE: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Zingiber yunnanense Tong & Liu
Khon Kaen; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SW: Habit. Perennial herb.
Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi, Chon Buri. Region. N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution. China, Laos, Cambodia. Distribution. China.
Habitat. In hill evergreen, pine and mixed deciduous Habitat. In hill evergreen forests by stream, 1,000-2,500 m. alt.
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith
Zingiber vittacheilum Triboun & K. Larsen Habit. Perennial herb.
Habit. Herb. Region. All over the country.
Region. Region. N: Tak. Distribution. Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, China, Indochina,
Distribution. Endemic. Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia.
Habitat. Mix deciduous forest. Habitat. Dry evergreen and evergreen forests, near streams,
Zingiber wrayi Ridl. var. wrayi to 1,300 m. alt. Uses. As vegetable and medicinal.
Habit. Perennial herb. Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith subsp. cochinchinense
Region. P: Yala, Narathiwat. (Gagnep.) P. Triboun & K. Larsen
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia. Habit. Perennial herb.
Habitat. Evergreen forest. Region. NE: Sakon Nakhon; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution. Cambodia.
Habitat. In dry evergreen forests.
230 1
Bibliography
Boonkerd, T. 2006. A new species of Microsorum (Polypodiaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 51: 143145.
________. 2009. Asplenium inaequilaterale: A new record for Thailand. ScienceAsia 35: 386387.
Boonkerd, T. & Nooteboom, H.P. 2001. A new species of Microsorum (Polypodiaceae) from Thailand.
Blumea 46: 581583.
Boonkerd, T. & Pollawatn, R. 2000. Pteridophytes in Thailand. Ofce of Environmental Policy and
Planning, Bangkok, 312p.
________. 2002a. Leptochilus minor Fe (Polypodiaceae), a new record for Thailand. The Natural History
Journal of Chulalongkorn University 2: 13.
________. 2002b. The rst record of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex
A.Heller (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 30: 7274.
________. 2004. A revised taxonomic account of the fern genus Woodwardia (Blechnaceae) in Thailand.
Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 32: 15.
________. 2006. Pteridophyte ora of Thong Pha Phum National Park, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.
The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 6: 1730.
________. 2011. Adiantum capillus-junonis Rupr.: An additional species of Adiantum L. (Pteridaceae) for
Thailand. ScienceAsia 37: 370372.
Boonkerd, T. & Suksathan, P. 2009. Asplenium gueinzianum Mett. ex Kuhn (Aspleniaceae), newly
discovered in Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 9(1): 9598.
Boonkerd, T. 2006. A new species of Microsorum (Polypodiaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 51: 143145.
Boonkerd, T. 2009. Asplenium inaequilaterale: A new record for Thailand. ScienceAsia 35: 386387.
Boonkerd, T., Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J. & Suddee, S. 2004. Additions to the Pteridophyte ora of
Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 32: 611.
Forest Botany Division. 2001. Thai Plant Names, Tem Smitinand, Revised Edition. Royal Forest Department,
Bangkok (In Thai).
Gagnepian, F. 1908. Zingiberaceae. in Flora generale de Indo-china VI. 5770.
Holttum, R.E. 1950. Zingiberaceae in Malay Peninsular. The Gardens Bulletin Singapore 13(1): 6572.
Jenjittikul, T. and Larsen, K. 2000. Kaempferia candida Wall. (Zingiberaceae), a new record for Thailand.
Thai For Bull (Bot.) 28: 4549.
________. 2002. Two new species of Scaphochlamys (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Nordic Journal of
Botany 22: 3538.
Kress, W.J. & Larsen, K. 2001. Smithatris, a New Genus of Zingiberaceae from Southeast Asia. Systematic
Botany 26(2): 226230.

Larsen, K. 1996. A preliminary checklist of the family Zingiberaceae in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin
(Botany) 24: 6578.
________. 2005. Distribution patterns and diversity centres of Zingiberaceae in SE Asia. Biol. Skr. 55:
219228.
Larsen, K. & Larsen, S.S. 2006. Gingers of Thailand. Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden
Organization.
Larsen, K. & Mood, J. 1998. Siamanthus, a new genus of Zingiberaceae from Thailand. Nordic Journal
of Botany 18: 393397.
Larsen, K. & Triboun, P. 1999. Hemiorchis rhodorrachis K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae), a new record for
Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) (Bot.) 28: 3943.
Larsen, K., Lock, J.M., Maas, H. and Maas, P.J.M. 1998. Zingiberaceae. in ed. Kubitzki, K. The Families
and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. 4: Flowering plants Monocotyledons (Alismataceae
Commelinaceae except Gramineae). Springer, German. p. 474-495.
Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. 2004. Adiantum phanomensis (Adiantaceae), a new fern species from
Peninsular Thailand. Harvard Papers in Botany 8: 137140.
________. 2009a. New combinations in the ferns of Thailand. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66(2): 355361.
________. 2009b. Development of a multi-access key to the ferns of Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin
(Botany), Special Issue: 134137.
________. 2009c. Lecanopteris pumila Blume (Polypodiaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest
Bulletin (Botany) 37: 5963.
Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J. & Suddee, S. 2008. Two new species of ferns from Thailand. Thai Forest
________. 2013. Asplenium contiguum Kaulf. (Aspleniaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest
Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J. & Suksathan, P. 2012. A new species of Rhachidosorus (Rhachidosoraceae),
a genus new to Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany), 40: 102104.
Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J., Boonkerd, T. & Suddee, S. 2009. Towards a stable nomenclature for Thai
ferns. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 37: 64106.
Lindsay, S., Phutthai, T., Sridith, K., Chanthanaotrapint, S. & Middleton, D.J. 2012. Actinostachys wagneri
(Schizaeaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 40: 1416.
Lindsay, S., Suddee, S., Middleton, D.J. & Pooma, R. 2004 [2003]. Matoniaceae (Pteridophyta) - a new
family record for Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 31: 4752.
Lindsay, S., Suksathan, P, & Middleton, D.J. 2010. A new species of Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from northern
Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 38: 6769.
232 1
Maknoi, C. 2008. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) with particular
reference to its occurrence in Thailand. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Prince of
Songkla University.
________. 2009. A preliminary study of the genus Hornstedtia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest
Bulletin (Botany) Special Issue: 138142.
Maknoi, C. and Sirirugsa, P. 2002. New records of Zingiberaceae from Southern Thailand. Natural History
of Siam Society 50(2): 225237.
Maknoi, C., Sirisugsa, P. & Larsen, K. 2005. New records of Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand.
Thai For Bull (Bot.) 33: 7174.
Mood, J. & Larsen, K. 1997. Cornukaempfera, a new genus of Zingiberaceae from Thailand. Natural
History of Siam Society 45: 217221.
________. 1999. New to cultivation: the genus Cornukaempferia in Thailand with description of a second
species. The New Plantsman 6: 196205.
Nanakorn, W. 1990. The Floristics Treatment of the Tribe Andropogonae: Subtribe Andropogoninae,
Anthistiriinae and Saccharinae (Gramineae) for the Flora of Thailand. Dissertation submitted for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York.
Ngamriabsakul, C. 2008. Caulokaempferia sirirugsae sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from southern Thailand.
Nordic Journal of Botany 26: 325328
Norsaengsri, M. 2006. Systematics of Poaceae Subtribe Setarinae in Thailand. Thesis for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy, Khon Kaen University.
Phonsena, P.; Chantaranothai, P.; Meesawat, A. 2012. Four new species of Xyris (Xyridaceae) from
Thailand. Blumea 57(2): 116124.
Prajaksood, A. & Chantaranothai, P. 2002. A New Species of Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae) from Thailand.
Kew Bulletin, 57: 499501.
Prajaksood, A., Parnell, J.A.N. & Chantaranothai, P. 2012. New taxa and new combinations of Eriocaulaceae
from Thailand. Kew Bull. 67(1): 131.
Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.). 1993. Flora of Thailand 6(1). Diamon Printing, Bangkok.
________. 1997. Flora of Thailand 6(3). Diamon Printing, Bangkok.
________. 2001. Flora of Thailand 7(3). Prachachon, Bangkok.

Santisuk, T & Larsen, K. (eds.). 2009. Flora of Thailand 10(1). Prachachon, Bangkok.
Seidenfaden, G. & Pedersen, H.. 2003. Contributions to the orchid ora of Thailand. XIV. Nordic
Journal of Botany 22: 525534.
Seidenfaden, G. & Smitinand, T. 19581964. The orchids of Thailand: a preliminary list. The Siam
Society, Bangkok, Thailand
Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.). 1972. Flora of Thailand 2(2). The Tister Press, Bangkok.
________. (eds.). 1975. Flora of Thailand 2(3). The Tister Press, Bangkok.
Saensouk, P., Theerakulpisut, P. & Chantaranothai, P. 2007. Cornukaempferia larsenii sp. nov.
(Zingiberaceae): A new species from Thailand. The Natural History of Chulalongkorn University,
7(2): 115119.
Saensouk, S. & Larsen, K. 2001. Boesenbergia baimaii, a new species of Zingiberaceae from Thailand.
Nordic Journal of Botany 21: 595597.
Saensouk, S & Jenjittikul, T. 2002. Kaempferia grandifolia, sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) a new species from
Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 21:13942.
Saensouk, S., Chantaranothai, P. & Larsen, K. 2003. Notes on the genus Alpinia (Zingiberaceae) in
Thailand. Thai For Bull (Bot.) 31: 95104.
Sirirugsa, P. 1989. The genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 9: 26770.
________. 1992a. A Revision of the genus Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Natural
History Siam Society 40: 6790.
________. 1992b. Taxonomy of the genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin
(Botany) 19: 115.
Sirirugsa, P. & Larsen, K. 1995. The genus Hedychium (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of
Botany 15(3): 301304.
Sirirugsa, P., Larsen, K. & Maknoi, C. 2007. The genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) : distribution and
classication with reference to species diversity in Thailand. Gard Bull Sing 59 (1&2): 203220.
234 1
Suksathan, P. 2004. A new species of Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from Thailand. American Fern Journal
94(2): 7780.
Suksathan, P., Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. 2010. Polystichum hookerianum (C.Presl) C.Chr.
(Dryopteridaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 38: 120123.
Suksathan, P. & Triboun, P. 2004. A new species of Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand.
Edinburgh Journal Botany 60(3): 513516.
Theilade, I. 1999. A synopsis of the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany
19(4): 389410.
Thitimetharoch, T. 2004. Taxonomic Studies of the Family Commelinaceae in Thailand. Thesis for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Khon Kaen University.
Traiperm, P. 2007. Systematics of Ischaeminae and Rottboellinae (Poaceae) in Thailand. Thesis for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Chulalongkorn University.
Triboun, P. 2006. Biogeography and Biodiversity of the genus Zingiber in Thailand. Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis in Biology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen.
Wilkin, P., Suksathan, P., Keeratikiat, K., Van Welzen, P. & Wiland-Szymaska, J. 2012. A new threatened
endemic species from central and northeastern Thailand, Dracaena jayniana (Asparagaceae: tribe
Nolinoideae). Kew Bulletin 67: 697705.
________. 2013. A new species from Thailand and Burma, Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan
(Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae). PhytoKeys 26: 101112.
Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Deyuan, Hong (eds.). 2000. Flora of China Vol. 24 (Flagellariaceae through
Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
________. 2006. Flora of China. Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
________. 2009. Flora of China. Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
________. 2010. Flora of China. Vol. 23 (Acoraceae through Cyperaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

1 (A Checklist of Plants in Thailand Volume 1)
. Stuart Lindsay (Pteridophytes) . Paul Wilkin (Dioscoreaceae,
Dracaenaceae) . (Orchidaceae) . Mark Newman . .
. . (Zingiberaceae); . Minoru N. Tamura (Liliaceous group)
. (Paoceae)

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all who have offered generous support on this work:
Atchara Teerawatananon (Poaceae), Charal Maknoi, Mark Newman, Pramote Triboun, Surapon Saensouk,
Thaya Jenjittikul, Wittaya Kaewsri (Zingiberaceae), David A. Simpson (Cyperaceae), Minoru N. Tamura
(Liliaceous group), Paul Wilkin (Dioscoreaceae, Dracaenaceae), Somran Suddee (Orchidaceae), and
Stuart Lindsay (Pteridophytes).
We welcome any comments for the improvement towards the next version revision.
236 1
C
CM
MY
CY
CMY

Checklist Plant Vol 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Checklist Plant Vol 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

C

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 7

A checklist of plants in Thailand is

plants) The data and information was based

accuracy, the author has coordinated

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand

information, please kindly contact the

author, to assist in developing the

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 9

Adiantum membranifolium S. Linds. & Suksathan

Dipteris conjugata Reinw. Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook.

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 11

Pteris wallichiana J. Agardh Pteris subquinata Wall. ex J. Agardh

Cephalotaxus mannii Hook.f. Nageia wallichiana (C. Presl) Kuntze

Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook. Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gard.

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 13

Crinum thaianum J. Schulze Burmannia disticha L.

Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb. Stichoneuron calcicola Inthachub

Pothos scandens L. Typhonium roxburghii Schott

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 15

Gloriosa superba L. Flagellaria indica L.

Borassodendron machadonis (Ridl.) Becc. Nypa fruticans Wurmb

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 17

Typha angustifolia L. Canna indica L.

Cyanotis axillaris (L.) Sweet Streptolirion volubile Edgew.

Iris collettii J.D. Hook. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 19

Bletilla sinensis Schltr. Bulbophyllum dayanum Rchb.f.

Calanthe pulchra (Blume) Lindl. Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf.

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd Paspalum canarae (Steud.) Veldkamp

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 21

Cheilocostus globosus (Blume) C.Specht Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Knig) C.Specht

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 23

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 25

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 27

Woodwardia harlandii Hook. Cyathea latebrosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel.

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 29

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 31

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 33

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 35

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 37

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 39

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 41

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 43

Polypodiaceae Arthromeris tatsienensis (Franch. & Bureau ex Christ)

Ctenopterella khaoluangensis (Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Parris Drynaria roosii Nakaike

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 45

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 47

Oreogrammitis reinwardtii (Blume) Parris Platycerium ridleyi Christ

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 49

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 51

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 53

Pteris subquinata Wall. ex J. Agardh Taenitis blechnoides (Willd.) Sw.

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 55

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 57

Selaginellaceae Selaginella helferi Warb.

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 59

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 61

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 63

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 65

Cupressaceae Cycas tansachana K.D. Hill & S.L. Yang

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 67

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 69

A Checklist of Plants in Thailand, Volume I 71