Guia de Micologia

Fungi and Slime Molds of Howard
County, MD This is NOT a guide to edible fungi.

Robert and Joanne Solem References to poisonous species do not
imply the safety of species not labeled.
The authors assume no responsibility for
misuse of this information.
Version one produced March 2010. Version two, March 2011.
In cooperation with the Howard County Bird Club,

a chapter of the Maryland Ornithological Society.
This publication uses the preferred scientific names in Index Fungorum,

which may not be the ones used in currently published guides.
(Index Fungorum is the accepted authority.)
To be sure of the correct English or scientific name,

use the Index ( page 405 )
Based on Howard County field observations,

supplemented with a variety of copyright material
Solem: odenata@msn.com
Cover photo: Orange Jelly (Dacrymyces palmatus), High Ridge Park, R Solem.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ............................................................... 2 Introduction
Introduction ... …………………………………………………2 The material in this guide pertains solely to Howard County, a small, rapidly-
Layout ................................................................................. 3 urbanizing central Maryland county. Most of the land lies within the Piedmont;
Acknowledgments… ………………………………………….3 only the narrow section east of I-95 is in the Coastal Plain. Oak/hickory/beech
Photographers .................................................................... 3 forests predominate with extensive native pines only in the easternmost area.
Planted blocks of conifers are found along the two reservoirs.
Gilled Fungi......................................................................... 4
Maps and more detailed information about any of the public sites referred to can
Fleshy Pore Fungi........................................................... 206 be found in the site guides in the on-line publication Birding Howard County,
Maryland.
Polypores ........................................................................ 242
Fungi identification is notoriously complex. This handbook undoubtedly contains
unintentional errors. Corrections will continue to be made in future revisions.
Others ............................................................................. 311
Species names are those shown in Index Fungorum. Use of recent
Slime Molds .................................................................... 387 nomenclature may mean the scientific names are not identical to those in books.
Previously used scientific names are shown under Synonyms. If there is a
Appendices .................................................................... 402 reasonable possibility that there is more than one similar species, the scientific
References.............................................................. 402 name is followed by the phrase “[cluster],” “[complex],” or '[group]." Many species
Glossary................................................................. 403 do not have widely used common names; others have multiple names. The most
Locations................................................................. 404 widely used one (or two) have been included.
Index ............................................................................... 405 Identifications (unless otherwise indicated) are based on macro characteristics
only. Some species names are followed by the phrase “[or near]” when we were
not confident of identification based on macro characteristics alone. In such
cases, it is an indication that the species shown is the most likely, based on
range. Species that have been identified by microscopic examination of spores
(by R Orr) are so indicated.
2
Acknowledgments
Layout Of the many people who have provided assistance with this project,
Each species appears on one page (photos in left column and some deserve special mention. Ricahrd Orr and Grazina McClure have
description in right). been enjoyable companions on numerous outings. Richard’s assistance
with identifications and his generosity in sharing photographs have
Color of rectangle in cell to right shows form of Fruiting Body: greatly enhanced the scope and appearance of this guide; his
Gilled Pores Polypores Other Slime molds microscopic examination of selected spores has made some
Common Name Latin Name identifications possible. Grazina’s sharp eyes and keen observational
[Common Name 2] Family [or Class] skills have been essential in the field; she has also assisted with many
identfifications. Skilled photographers Wes and Sue Earp have brought
enthusiasm, an intense interest in natural history, and a ready wit to
J F M A M J J A S O N D outings.
--- -++ ++-
At the risk of omitting someone, we would also like to express our
Phenogram: (above) shows fruiting times. Each month (J, F, …) is divided into gratitude to the many individuals who shared photographs, provided
three 10-day periods. A hyphen (-) indicates a date from references; a plus (+)
property access, gave valuable advice, and/or spent time in the field with
indicates a date from Howard County records.
us. They include Jeff Culler, Ward Ebert, Kevin Heffernan, Emy
ID: Short summary of chacacteristics helpful (or unique) in Holdridge, Kathie Lillie, Nancy Magnusson, Mike McClure, Helen
identifying the species shown. Only distinctive information is Metzman, Sue Muller, Paul Noell, Bonnie Ott, Kurt Schwarz, Jay
included here. Sheppard, Chuck Stirrat, Kate Tufts, June Tveekrem, Martha and Don
Habitat: Substrate and other preferences. Waugh, and Michele Wright.
Cap/Fertile Body: Diameter of cap in inches and metric. Measurement in the
text body is thickness of flesh of cap/fertile body, expressed as millimeters or We are grateful to Howard County Department of Recreation and Parks
ratio to thickness of gills/pores/fertile surface. for access to parks and open space.
Gills/ Pores/Fertile Surface: Measurement in the text body is thickness of
gills/pores/fertile surface, expressed as millimeters or ratio to cap/fertile body — B&JS
flesh.
Spores: Color. Italics mean authors have obtained a spore print.
Stalk: First measurement is length, second is diameter.
Frequency: Uncommon – recorded from 1 or 2 county sites; Occasional 3-5;
Fairly common 6-9; Common 10-14; Very common 15+. Photographers
Locations: Five letter location. See page 404.
J Culler – Jeff Culler R Orr – Richard Orr
Notes: Clarifying material.
S Earp - Sue Earp B Ott – Bonnie Ott
Synonyms: Latin name(s) by which the species has been identified historically.
References: Bar. BBF. Bin. BRB. Kae. Kuo. Lin. M&M. McK. Myx. Pac. W Earp – Wes Earp K Schwarz – Kurt Schwarz
Phi. Rog. Roo. Rus. K Lillie – Katharine Lillie J Solem – Joanne Solem
See “References” on page 402 for expansion of trigraphs. Kuo and Rog are N Magnusson – Nancy Magnusson R Solem – Robert Solem
websites. Entries for the other references are followed by page numbers for text,
H Metzman – Helen Metzman J Tveekrem – June Tveekrem
then the page number (or plate number) of the picture if it is not on the same
page as the text. S Muller – Sue Muller
Photographs, with identifying information, left side of each page.

Complete names of photographers are shown on page 3, lower right.
3
Gilled Fungi
GENERA IN ALPHABETIC ORDER
(as they appear in the guide)
Agaricus Lentinus
Agrocybe Lepiota
Amanita Lepista
Ampulloclitocybe Leucoagaricus
Armillaria Leocopaxillus
Baeospora Lyophyllum
Callistosporium Macrolepiota
Cantharellus Marasmiellus
Catathelasma Marasmius
Cheimonophyllum Megacollybia
Chlorophyllum Melanoleuca
Chrysomphalina Mycena
Clitocybe Neolentinus
Collybia Nolanea
Conocybe Omphalotus
Coprinellus Panaeolus
Coprinopsis Panellus
Coprinus Panaeolina
Cortinarius Parasola
Craterellus Paxillus
Crepidotus Pholiota
Cystoderma Phylloporus
Entoloma Phyllotopsis
Flammulina Pleurotus
Galerina Plicaturopsis
Gymnopus Pluteus
Gymnopilus Psathyrella
Hebeloma Psilocybe
Hohenbuehelia Resupinatus
Humidicutis Rhodocollybia
Hygrocybe Russula
Hygrophorus Schizophyllum
Hygrophoropsis Stropharia
Hypholoma Tapinella
Inocybe Tricholoma
Kuehneromyces Tricholomopsis
Laccaria Tubaria
Lacrymaria Xeromphalina
Lactarius Xerula
Lentinellus
4
Meadow Mushroom Agaricus bisporus Meadow Mushroom Agaricus bisporus
Agaricaceae
J F M A M J J A S O N D
--- -++ ++-
ID: Cap white/gray; smooth; convex (nearly flat in age). Stalk

white; ring usually collapses.
Habitat: Scattered or groups/clusters/fairy rings. Grassy areas (but
not in forests).
Cap: 1.5-2.8” [4-7 cm]
White to gray/gray-brown. Dry. Smooth. Convex (nearly flat in age).
Margin inrolled when young, may show veil remnants on margin. Flesh
white, firm (ages/stains pink/brown).
Gills: Pinky brown to bright pink (dark brown in age). Free/attached to
collar. Crowded. Secondary gills.
Spores: Dark brown/black.
Stalk: 1 - 2.4” [4 – 8 cm]
White. Smooth. Usually cylindrical or tapers down; ring usually collapses.
No volva. Flesh white. Stuffed.
Frequency: Occasional.
Locations: GUIPK, RIVHL, RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP.

TOP: Schooley Mill Park, 9/13/2009, J Solem.
SIDE: Guilford Park, 10/19/2009, J Solem. Synonyms: A. campestris. Psalliota campestris.
RING and GILLS: Guilford Park, 10/19/2009, J Solem.
GILLS: Guilford Park, 10/19/2009, J Solem. References: Bar 193. Lae 160. M&M 283. McK 256, 31.
Phi 219. Roo 47. Rus 55, 16. Kuo.
5
None Agaricus moelleri None Agaricus moelleri
Agaricaceae
--- -+- -++ ++- --+
ID: Cap white w/ grayish-brown scales; convex, flattened in age.

Stalk white w/ bulbous base; ring w/ cottony patches on
underside. Odor unpleasant. Use KOH.
Habitat: Scattered or groups. In forests (especially hardwoods), grassy
areas w/ trees, sawdust piles.
Cap: 1 – 3.5” [2.5 – 9 cm]
White base color covered w/ tiny grayish/grayish-brown scales. Convex
(broadly convex/flattened in age). Low umbo, disc sometimes flattened.
Flesh (6 mm) white. Odor unpleasant. Cap yellow w/ KOH.
Gills: White, becoming pink, dark brown in age. Free. Crowded. Depth 7
mm. Secondary gills.
Spores: Dark brown.
Stalk: 4” x 1/4 - 1/2” [3.5 – 10 cm x 5 – 13 mm]
White (flesh in base stains yellow). Smooth. White partial veil
membranous w/ cottony patches; veil may have brown droplets/stains.
Nearly equal w/ bulbous/abruptly bulbous base. Superior single-layered
ring w/ cottony patches on underside.
Frequency: Fairly common.
Locations: BIGBR, HAMVL, HIRIP, LONGC, RKBRP, ROGOR,
WESRP, WINTR.
Notes:
Synonym: A. placomyces.
References: Bar 194. BBF 53, 271. M&M 278. McK 258, 32. Phi 225.
Kuo. Rog.
SIDE: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL: Wincopin Trail, 7/18/2010, J Solem.
STALK and GILLS w/ VEIL INTACT: Wincopin Trail, 7/18/2010, J Solem.
PARTIAL VEIL, RING and CAPS: Rocky Gorge, 9/19/2009, R Solem.
6
Wood Mushroom Agaricus silvaticus [complex] Wood Mushroom Agaricus silvaticus [complex]
Agaricaceae
---- --- -+- --- --- -++ --- +--
ID: Cap off-white, covered w/ pinkish-brown scales; convex

(nearly flat in age). Stalk dingy pink (darker in age); persistent
flaring ring.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in coniferous, hardwood
(occasionally), or mixed forests.
Cap: 2 – 4” [5 – 10 cm]
Off-white. Dry. Covered w/ obscure to dense pinkish-brown scales.
Convex (nearly flat in age). Margin inrolled when young. Flesh white, firm
(ages/stains pink/red).
Gills: Grayish-pink (dark reddish-brown in age). Free. Crowded.
Spores: Gray/darkbrown.
Stalk: 2.4 – 4.3” x 0.4 – 0.8” [6 – 11 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Dingy pink (pinkish-brown in age). Nearly smooth; fibrils above/below
ring. Usually cylindrical or tapers up w/ rather bulbous base. Partial veil
may leave persistent, flaring ring. Flesh white (stains pink/red). Hollow.
TOP: Rockburn Branch Park, 6/16/2009, J Solem.
Locations: HIRIP, MPENA, RKBRP, ROGOR.
GILLS and RING: Rockburn Branch Park, 6/16/2009, J Solem.
SIDE: Rockburn Branch Park, 6/16/2009, R Solem. References: Bar 193. BBF 52key. Lae 163. M&M 277.
CAP, RING and STALK: Rockburn Branch Park, 6/16/2009, J Solem. McK 260, 31. Phi 220.
7
Cracked-top Agrocybe Agrocybe molesta Cracked-Top Agrocybe Agrocybe molesta
Strophariaceae
--- +-+ ---
ID: Cap creamy white; convex; margin may have veil fragments.
Gills light, becoming browner. Stalk color of cap, smooth or scaly,
central.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On grass and decomposing grass litter.
Cap: 1.6– 3.5” [4 – 9 cm]
Creamy-white (yellow-brown/brown in age). Surface smooth, dry, but
may show cracks in age. Convex (broadly convex/flat in age). Margin
often w/ partial veil fragments. Flesh white, thick.
Gills: White/pale (dark purple-brown in age). Attached, covered w/
whitish partial veil.
Spores: Dark brown.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.9” x 0.2 – 0.6” [4 – 10 cm x 5 – 15 mm]
White to brownish, smooth/finely hairy; nearly equal, central; ring usually
disappears.
Frequency: Uncommon.
Locations: HENPV, ROGOR.
Synonyms: Agrocybe dura. Agaricus molestus.
References: Bar 214. BBF 55fn. Lin 558fn. M&M 271.
McK 305, 17. Phi 226. Roo 267. Kuo.
TOP: Rocky Gorge, 5/8/2010, S. Muller.

CAPS and GILLS: Rocky Gorge, 5/8/2010, S. Muller.
OVERALL: Rocky Gorge, 5/8/2010, S. Muller.
8
Spring Agrocybe Agrocybe praecox [complex] Spring Agrocybe Agrocybe praecox [complex]
Strophariaceae
--- --+ ---
ID: Cap whitish-yellow (brown in age); moist, smooth; convex

(depressed in age). Stalk white (yellowish-brown in age); thin ring.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in forests, lawns, fields, decaying
wood.
Cap: 1.1 – 2.8” [3 – 10 cm]
Whitish/yellow/tan/rusty brown/brown on disc and overall in age. Moist.
Smooth. Convex (convex/flat/depressed in age). Flesh = gill layer; white.
Gills: Whitish (grayish/brownish to rusty-brown in age).
Notched/attached. Close. Broad. Secondary gills.
Spores: Rusty-brown.
Stalk: 1.1 – 4” [3 – 10 cm]
White (yellowish/brown in age). Smooth to longitudinally striate.
Equal/slight flare at base. Whitish thin partial veil may leave small, thin,
superior ring.
Locations: RKBRP.
Notes: Complex of several forms and possibly several species.
Synonym: Pholiota praecox.
References: BBF 57, 272. Lae 85. Lin 558, 225. M&M 272. Phi226.
SIDE: Rockburn Branch Park, 5/25/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and RING: Rockburn Branch Park, 5/25/2009, J Solem.
9
Cecilia’s Amanita Amanita ceciliae Cecilia’s Amanita Amanita ceciliae
Amanltaceae
------- --- --- --- -+- --- +--
ID: Cap brown/gray w/ patches; convex (flatter in age). Stalk

white/gray w/ patches, volva patches on stalk.
Habitat: Alone, scattered, clusters. On ground in forests.
Cap: 1 – 4.7” [5 – 12 cm]
Brown/gray w/ patches, usually darker in center. Convex/flat. Flesh
white.
Gills: Whitish. Free to slightly attached. Crowded. Short secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2.8 – 7.1” x up to 0.8” [7 – 18 cm x 2 cm]
White/gray. Smooth/finely hairy. Slight taper upward;
no swollen base. No ring. White/gray volva leaves flakes/patches on
stalk. Stuffed.
Locations: BIGBR, RKBRP.
SIDE: Big Branch, 9/17/2008, J Solem. Notes: Do not taste!

References: Bar 235. M&M 39. Phi 21. Roo 237. Kuo.
10
Citron Amanita Amanita citrina Citron Amanita Amanita citrina
Amanltaceae
--- --- +++++
ID: Cap greenish-yellow w/ warts (usually), smooth to sticky;

convex, flatter in age. Stalk white, greenish-yellow ring,
conspicuous bulb. Odor of potatoes?
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in mixed forests.
Cap: 2 – 4.5” [5 – 12 cm]
Pale greenish-yellow, often w/ tannish stains. Smooth. Dry to sticky.
Usually w/ some random floccose/fibrous grayish warts (which may wash
off). Convex/nearly flat. Margin smooth (slightly striate in age) w/ veil
remnants. Odor of potatoes?
Gills: White/whitish. Free/finely attached. Crowded. Moderately broad.
Partial veil greenish-yellow.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2.2 – 5” x 1/4 – 3/4" [6 – 13 cm x 6 – 20 mm]
White w/ tannish stains. Scaly/smooth/silky. Tapers up. Conspicuous
marginate basal bulb. Superior, pendant, pale greenish-yellow ring.
Stuffed/hollow.
Locations: BIGBR, HIRIP, PIGTL, RKBRP, GUIPK.
Notes: Do not taste!

ID was by macro characteristics, not by microscopic examination of
spores.
Synonym: Subgenus Phalloidae.
References: Bar 237. BBF 61. Lae 150. Lin 531, 125.
M&M 36. McK 222, 28. Pac 5. Phi 27.
TOP: Pigtail,10/6/2009, R Solem.

STALK: Pigtail,10/6/2009, R Solem.
PARTIAL VEIL: Pigtail,10/6/2009, R Solem.
BULB: Pigtail,10/6/2009, R Solem.
11
Coker’s Amanita Amanita cokeri Coker’s Amanita Amanita cokeri
Solitary Lepidella Solitary Lepidella Amanltaceae
--- --+ +-- --- ---
ID: Cap white/ivory w/ large warts; convex to nearly flat. Stalk w/

scales near base; spindle-shaped bulb.
Habitat: Single, scattered. On ground in mixed
(oak-pine) forests.
Cap: 3 – 6” [7.5 – 15 cm]
White/ivory. Pyramidal, wartlike patches over whole cap. Convex/nearly
flat. Margin may have veil fragments. Little or no odor. Flesh = gill layer
(9 mm).
Gills: White/yellowish/pink-tinged. Free/somewhat attached. Crowded.
Broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 5 – 8” [12.5 – 20 cm]
White. Concentric down-curved scales near base. Large spindle-shaped,
rooting bulb up to 2” [5 cm] wide. Stuffed.
Locations: SLMLP, WESRP.

spores.
Synonym: Subgenus Lepidella.
TOP and BULB; Schooley Mill Park, 9/1/2009, J Solem.
TOP and RING: North Laurel Park, 8/27/2009, J Solem. References: BBF 61key. Bin 9. Lin 531, 166. M&M 46.
VEIL, GILLS and RING: Schooley Mill Park, 9/1/2009, J Solem. McK 222, 28. Phi 22. Roo 50.
BULB: Schooley Mill Park, 9/1/2009, J Solem.
12
Yellow Patches Amanita flavoconia Yellow Patches Amanita flavoconia
Amanltaceae
--- -++ +++ --+
ID: Cap yellow w/ yellow warts (may wash off). Stalk white w/
yellow flocculence, white/yellow ring; thin bulb w/ yellow warts.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground/moss in hardwoods or mixed
forests.
Cap: 1.2 – 4” [3 – 9 cm]
Yellow (tinted orange, especially near center). Numerous randomly
arranged bright yellow/orange floccose warts. Dry/sticky. Smooth. Flesh
white.
Gills: White. Rounded/attenuate. Moderately crowded. Moderately
broad. Partial veil yellow/orangish-yellow. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 4.5” [5 – 12 cm]
White. Coated w/ yellow flocculence, especially near base. Bulb small,
ovoid, often w/ bright yellow warts at base. Ring superior, pendant,
white/yellow, membranous, thin. Stuffed/fairly solid.
Locations: FARMS, HIRIP, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR.

References: Bar 238. BBF63, 273. Bin 15. Lin 534, 136, 139. M&M
34. McK 224, 26. Phi 31. Roo 54.
SIDE: Pigtail, 8/17/2009, R Solem.
TOP: Pigtail, 8/17/2009, R Solem.
RING and VOLVA: Pigtail, 8/17/2009, R Solem.
13
Yellow Blusher Amanita flavorubescens Yellow Blusher Amanita flavorubescens
Amanltaceae
--- --+ +-- --- ---
ID: Yellow w/ or w/o warts/patches. Yellowish

pendant/membranous ring. Club-shaped bulb. Flesh slowly stains
reddish.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in mixed forests
(especially oak).
Cap: 1.5 – 4.4” [4 – 11 cm]
Golden-/brownish-yellow. Smooth (viscid when moist); may or may not
have yellowish warts/patches. Convex (nearly plane in age). Flesh
whitish, slowly stains reddish.
Gills: Creamy white. Free or nearly. Close/crowded. Partial veil
whitish/yellowish.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 5.5” x 0.4 – 0.8” [5 – 14 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Whitish/yellowish, usually w/ reddish stains near base. Nearly smooth.
Club-shaped bulb often tapers and often has yellowish patches. Ring
yellowish, thin, pendant, membranous. Flesh yellowish, slowly stains
reddish.
Locations: MPENA. RKBRP.

References: Bin 17. BBF 63, 272. Lin 535, 135, 678. McK 225, 26.
M&M 34. Phi 28. Roo 55.
OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park, 7/28/2010, R Orr.

OVERALL: MPENA, 7/26/2010, R Orr.
14
Tawny Grisette Amanita fulva Tawny Grisette Amanita fulva
Amanltaceae
+---- --- --+-
ID: Cap orange/brown, margin lighter. Stalk white; loose, sac-like

volva.
Habitat: Solitary, clustered. On disturbed ground in forests.
Cap: 1.2 – 3.9” [3 – 9.9 cm]
Yellow-/orange-brown, lighter at margin. StIcky at first or when wet.
Conical (becomes convex/nearly flat). Margin prominently grooved.
Gills: White. Free/slightly attached. Close. Broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2.8 – 5.9” x 0.2 – 0.8” [7 – 15 cm x 5 – 20 mm]
White or a few gray scales. Slight taper upward. No ring. White sac-like
volva fitting loosely around stalk (sometimes discolored grayish/reddish-
brown). Hollow.
Locations: NOLAP, TUFTS.

References: Bar 236. BBF 58key. Lae 152. Lin 536, 115, 674.
M&M 32. McK 238, 25. Pac 15. Phi 20.
TOP and VOLVA: North Laurel Park, 9/30/2008, J Solem.

GILLS, STALK and BULB: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, R Solem.
15
Gemmed Amanita Amanita gemmata [group] Gemmed Amanita Amanita gemmata [group}
Amanltaceae
---+ +-- --- -++
ID: Gray/light cap expands fast. Warts often wash off. Ring and
volva may fragment.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in coniferous, deciduous, and
mixed forests.
Cap: 1.2 – 4.3” [3 – 11 cm]
Light gray/dull yellow. Sticky when young. Convex (flat in age). White
warts often wash off. Margin may be lined in age. Flesh white.
Gills: White. Free. Close/crowded. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.6 – 5.9” x 3/4" [4 – 15 cm x 2 cm]
White. Smooth. Tapers up w/ small basal bulb. Fragile white ring and
volva often fragment.

References: BBF 60key. Kuo.

GILLS, RING, STALK, BULB: Rockburn Branch, 7/28/2010, J Solem.
16
American Caesar’s Mushroom Amanita jacksonii American Caesar’s Mushroom Amanita jacksonii
Amanltaceae
+--+- +++ +-- ---
ID: Cap yellow/orange, shiny to sticky; convex (flat in age). Stalk

pale yellow, yellow ring, thick white volva.
Habitat: Solitary, loosely grouped. On ground in mixed forests.
Cap: 2.5 – 9” [6 – 22 cm]
Reddish-orange (center)/yellowish-orange (margin). Dry/sticky. Smooth,
shiny. Convex/flat, usually w/ umbo. Grooved margin, may show patches
of white veil tissue. Flesh white.
Gills: Pale yellow. Free. Crowded. Fairly broad. Pale yellow-orange
partial veil.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 3.5 – 9” [6 – 22 cm]
Pale yellow (sometimes streaked w/ orange). Smooth/ scaly/roughened.
Tapered upward. Pale yellow/orange superior ring. White, thick lobed,
sheathing volva. Stuffed/hollow; brittle.
Locations: LONGC, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP.

Synonyms: Amanita caesarea. Amanita umbonata.

References: Bin 19. Lae 145. Lin 528, 142, 681. M&M 31.
McK 217, 25. Pac 15. Phi 18. Roo 52. Kuo.
OVERALL: Hammond Village, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
17
Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria
Amanltaceae
++- --+ --- -++ --+ -+-
ID: Cap orange/yellow or red w/ large pale warts. Stalk pale yellow
(stains yellow); white/pale yellow ring; bulb shape varies.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in forests under trees or in grassy
areas.
Cap: 1.8 – 7” [4.5 – 18 cm]
Orange/yellow cap: var formosa. Red cap: var muscaria. Darker in
center, fades to margin. Covered w/ concentric/irregularly arranged
floccose warts (pallid/tan/yellowish). Smooth. Dry/sticky. Grooved
margin. Convex/flat (in age). Flesh white, thick.
Gills: White/cream. Free/finely attached. Crowded. Broad.
White/yellowish partial veil.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.8 – 6.5” [4 – 15 cm]
White to pale yellow. Stains yellow. Scaly/fibrous; roughened. Slight
taper upward. Bulbous; lower stalk w/ rings of universal veil tissue.
SIDE: (v formosa): Mt. Pleasant, 9/2/2009, R Orr. Membranous white/pale yellow pendant ring. Bulb may be root-like or
SIDE: (v. muscaria): High Ridge Park, 6/17//2008, J Solem. concentric. Stuffed (hollow in age).
TOP and BULB: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/22/2009, R Solem.
PARTIAL VEIL, STALK and BULB: River Hill, 11/16/2009, R Solem. Frequency: Fairly common.
Locations: ANNRK, BIGBR, GUIPK, HAMVL, PIGTL, RIVHL, RKBRP.

Parasitized by Hypomyces hyalinus (which see).
References: 273. Bar 239. BBF 64. Bin 21. Lae 146. Lin 539, 143,
144, 680, 540, 137, 677. M&M 33. McK 227, 26. Pac 2. Phi 16. Roo
56. Rus 63, 21.
18
False Caesar’s Mushroom Amanita parcivolvata False Caesar’s Mushroom Amanita parcivolvata
Amanltaceae
--- --+ --- ---
ID: Red/red-orange w/ or w/o warts/patches. Yellowish

pendant/membranous ring. Club-shaped bulb.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in mixed forests (oak), on lawns
under oaks.
Cap: 1 – 5” [2.5 – 12.5 cm]
Red when young (center reddish, margin orange in age) w/ cottony,
yellowish warts/patches. Hemispherical (convex/flat/sunken center in
age). Smooth; tacky when wet. Margin often w/ veil remnants.
Gills: Yellowish. Free. Crowded. Broad
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 5” x 1/8 – 5/8” [2.5 – 12.5 cm x 3 – 15 mm]
Yellowish. Mealy/powdery. Rounded bulb often w/ veil remnants.
Locations: HAMVL, PIGTL.

References: Bin 27. BBF 59key. Lin 542; 140. McK 229, 25. M&M
33fn. Roo 239.
BUTTON: Pigtail, 8/31/2010, R Orr.

GILLS, STALK and CAP: Pigtail, 8/29/2010, R Orr.
19
None Amanita polypyramis None Amanita polypyramis
Amanltaceae
--- --+ -+- +-- ---
ID: Cap white w/ patches/ warts; hemispheric (flatter in age). Stalk

w/ skirt-like fragile ring; large base; large volva w/ concentric rings
and splits. Strong unpleasant odor.
Habitat: Solitary; microrhizal w/ conifers and hardwoods (especially
oaks).
Cap: 3 – 6” [7 – 21 cm]
Whitish. Covered w/ sticky powder that soon becomes aggregated into
warts/patches. Moist/dry. Broadly convex/nearly flat. Flesh white, firm.
Strong odor of old tennis shoes.
Gills: Creamy/dirty buff, waxy. Free/nearly so. Crowded.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 4 – 8” x 0.4 – 0.8” [7 – 20 cm x 1 – 3.5 cm]
Colored like cap. Covered w/ powdery material when young; then
scattered/abundant fibrils. Tapers to apex; club-shaped bulb w/ splits.
Large skirt-like, fragile, whitish ring that often disappears. Volva large w/
concentric rings.
Locations: HIRIP, NOLAP, PIGTL, ROGOR, WINTR.

spores.
Synonym: Subgenus Lepidella.
References: Bin 29. McK 232, #28. M&M 42. Kuo.
SIDE: (note quarter for size): Rocky Gorge, 9/19/2009, R Solem.

CUT SURFACES: North Laurel Park, 9/12/2009, J Solem.
SIDE: North Laurel Park, 9/12/2009, J Solem.
20
Gray Veiled Amanita Amanita porphyria Gray Veiled Amanita Amanita porphyria
Amanltaceae
+--- --- --- ---
ID: Cap brownish-gray (w/ possibly a few gray warts). Stalk

whitish w/ gray fibers; pale gray ring; marginate bulb.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups, clusters. On ground in mixed
forests.
Cap: 1.8 – 4.5” [4 – 12 cm]
Dark brownish-gray (darkest toward center). May have a few floccose
gray warts. Dry/sticky. Smooth. Margin smooth/vaguely striate. Flesh
whitish.
Gills: White/pale gray. Free/attached. Close. Broad. Partial veil gray.
Depth = 2X cap flesh. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 4.5” x 0.2 – 0.8” [5 – 12 cm x 6 – 18 mm]
Whitish w/ gray fibers. Nearly smooth; upper surface striate. Pale gray
ring adheres to stalk. Nearly round marginate bulb. Stuffed/hollow.
Locations: HIRIP.
SIDE: High Ridge Park, 6/23/2009, R Solem. Notes: Do not taste!

TOP: High Ridge Park, 6/23/2009, J Solem.
GILLS, STALK and BULB: High Ridge Park, 6/23/2009, J Solem. References: Bar 240. BBF 66, 273. Lae 151. Lin 544, 149. M&M 41.
McK 233, 27. Phi 33. Roo 59. Rog.
21
Blusher Amanita rubescens Blusher Amanita rubescens
Amanltaceae
+-+ +-+ +++ ++- ++-
ID: Cap tan w/ lighter warts. Stalk white/pale pink; membranous

ring; bulb elongate w/ reddish stains. Cap and stalk slowly stain
red, then black
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in forests under trees or in grassy
areas.
Cap: 1.5 – 8” [4 – 20 cm]
Bronze (light tan) w/ brown/red tints (center darker). Slowly stains
reddish then blackish. Random floccose tan/reddish-tan warts. Dry;
sticky when wet. Smooth. Margin white, slightly grooved (or not) w/
remnants of veil. Flesh (12 mm, <= gill layer); white.
Gills: White, often w/ reddish discolorations. Free/finely attached.
Crowded. Broad. White/tan partial veil. Dried gills are chalky.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 3 – 8” x 0.3 – 1.5” [7 – 25 cm x 7 – 40 mm]
White/pale pink/tan. Slowly stains reddish. Smooth/floccose; lower stalk
infrequently w/ rings of universal veil tissue. Membranous white/pale tan
pendant ring. Bulb elongate w/ reddish stains. Solid/ stuffed.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: ANNRK, BIGBR, BRNBR, HAMVL, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC,
NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, SVMLT, WESRP, WINTR.
SIDE: High Ridge Park, 6/21/2009, R Solem.

RING and GILLS: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, R Solem. Notes: Do not taste!
CAPS: Western Regional Park, 8/9/2009, J Solem. Parasitized by Hypomyces hyalinus (which see).
References: Bar 240. BBF 66, 274. Bin 31. Lae 147. Lin 545, 132.
M&M 38. McK 235, 26. Pac 11. Phi 28. Roo 60. Rus 64, 22.
22
Grisette Amanita vaginata Grisette Amanita vaginata [complex]
[complex] Amanltaceae
+--++ --+ --+ +--++
ID: Cap grayish-brown; convex (flat/depressed in age); margin

grooved. Stalk w/ club-shaped bulb; white sac-like volva. No ring.
Habitat: Solitary, custered. On disturbed ground in forests under trees or
in grassy areas.
Cap: 1.2 – 3.9” [3 – 10 cm]
Gray/grayish-brown, sometimes with a few white/grayish patches, lighter
at margin. Sticky at first or when wet. Curved (becoming convex/nearly
flat). Margin prominently grooved.
Gills: White. Free/slightly attached. Close. Broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2.8 – 5.9” x 0.2 – 0.8” [7 – 15 cm x 5 – 20 mm]
White or a few gray scales. Ovoid/club-shaped bulb. No ring. White sac-
like volva fitting loosely around stalk (sometimes discolored
grayish/reddish-brown). Hollow.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, CASCT, HAMVL, LONGC, MPENA,
SIDE: Browns Bridge,10/16/2008, J Solem. NOLAP, RKBRP, SLMLP, TUFTS, WESRP.
BUTTON: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, R Orr.
TOP: Big Branch, 9/7/2009, J Solem.
References: Bar 236. BBF 58key. Lae 153. Lin 549, 112. M&M 32.
McK 237, 25. Pac 15. Phi 20. Rus 66, #23. Kuo.
23
Destroying Angel Amanita virosa [complex] Destroying Angel Amanita virosa [complex]
Amanltaceae
+---- +++ -++ -+--
ID: Cap white (discolored center?), shiny to sticky; convex (flatter

in age). Stalk white/tan, membranous ring; large white volva.
Habitat: Solitary (usually), scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood or
mixed forests under trees or in grassy areas.
Cap: 1.1– 5.1” [3 – 13 cm]
White or w/ discolored center. Dry to sticky. Smooth, shiny. No warts,
Convex (flatter in age). Margin w/ veil remnants. Flesh white.
Pronounced (disagreeable) odor in age (raw potatoes?)
Gills: White-cream. Free/finely attached. Close. Slender. Depth = 1-2X
cap flesh. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2.4 – 8” [6 – 20 cm]
White/tan. Smooth/roughened. Slight taper upward. Ring superior, thin.
Volva (1 – 1.5 “ [ 2.5 – 3.8 cm]) white, large; buried but separates from
stalk. Solid.
GILLS, RING, STALK and VOLVA: Long Corner, 8/9/2009, R Solem.
TOP: Cedar Lane Park, 9/15/2008, J Solem. Locations: BIGBR, CEDLP, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, PIGTL,
SIDE: (dirt on cap, not warts): Scott’s Cove, 9/30/2009, J Solem. ROGOR, WINTR.

Synonym: Section Phalloidae.
References: Bar 241. BBF 67, 274. Lae 150. Lin 551, 123, 124, 672.
M&M 29. Roo 62. Rus 67, #24. Kuo.
24
Club Foot Ampulloclitocybe clavipes Club Foot Ampulloclitocybe clavipes
Fat-footed Clitocybe Fat-footed Clitocybe Hygrophoraceae
--- --- --- +++ ++-
ID: Cap gray-brown; convex (depressed in age). Base

bulbous/club-shaped. Aromatic.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in coniferous and
hardwood forests.
Cap: 0.8 – 3.5” [2 – 9 cm]
Gray-/olive-brown, paler toward margin (buff in age). Moist. Smooth/felty/
irregular; may have matted fibers. Convex becoming flat w/ depressed
center (w/ or w/o umbo). Margin elevated and wavy in age. Flesh whitish/
watery-gray, limp in wet weather, brittle in dry. Spicy odor.
Gills: Whitish, pale yellowish/cream in age. Decurrent. Close/subdistant,
often forked/crossveined. Depth
2 mm. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.4 – 2.4” x 0.1 – 0.6” [1.5 – 6 cm x 4 – 20 mm]
Whitish w/longitudinal olive-gray fibrils. Tapered upward. Base
bulbous/club-shaped, often w/ white mycelium.
Locations: ANNRK, RKBRP, ROGOR.
Synonym: Clitocybe clavipes.
References: Bar 253. BBF 93, 277. Lae 40. Lin 745, 320. M&M 185.
McK 139, 16. Pac 81. Phi 61. Roo 129. Rus 70, 26.
OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park,10/18/2010, R Orr.

CAP, STALK and BASE: Scott’s Cove, 10/6/2008, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Annapolis Rock,11/18/2010, J Solem.
25
Honey Mushroom Armillaria mellea Honey Mushroom Armillaria mellea
Physalacriaceae
+ ++ + --- --+ --- --- +++ +-+
ID: Cap yellowish-brown, center darker. Stalk lighter,

thick/membranous ring.
Habitat: Clusters. On/near hardwood trees and stumps (especially
oaks).
Cap: 1.6” – 7.9” [4 – 20 cm]
Yellowish-brown, usually w/ darkish erect hairs in center (predominantly
yellow w/ darker center in age). Sometimes dry but typically viscid.
Convex/nearly flat. Low umbo. Flesh white.
Gills: White/pale buff. Attached/subdecurrent (w/ decurrent lines to ring).
Depth 4 mm.
Spores: Pale cream.
Stalk: 2 – 7.9” x 0.2 – 1.4” [5 – 20 cm x 0.5 – 3.5 cm]
White (yellowish to brown or olive in age). Stains brownish. Often scaly
below ring in age, partial veil thick and membranous, whitish on top,
yellowish below, leaves disc-like ring.
Locations: BIGBR, DANPV, DFWMA, GONRA, HENPV, HIRIP,
MPENA, RKBRP, SLMLP.
Synonym: Armillariella mellea.
Notes: The mycelium forms “boot laces” (black root-like structures)
between the tree bark and heartwood.
References: Bar 246. BBF 69, 274. Bin 263. Bin 263. Lae 80.
Lin 736, 182, 206. McK 136, 15. Pac 85. Phi 42. Roo 30.
Rus 156, #74.
SIDE: MPENA,10/3/2009, R Solem.

GILLS and RINGS: MPENA, 10/3/2009, R Orr.
“BOOT LACES” Rockburn Branch Park, 2/6/2011, R Solem.
SIDE: Schooley Mill Park,10/5/2009, J Solem.
26
Ringless Honey Mushroom Armillaria tabescens Ringless Honey Mushroom Armillaria tabescens
Physalacriaceae
++++ -+- --- --+
ID: Cap orangish-brown w/ fibers, broad umbo. Strong pleasant

odor.
Habitat: Clusters. On/near hardwood trees and stumps (especially
oaks).
Cap: 1.2 – 4” [3 – 10 cm]
Orangish-brown/brown w/ darker, cottony hairs/fibers. Dry.
Convex/broadly convex w/ broad umbo (flat/slightly depressed in age).
Veil remnants on margin. Flesh white/brownish. Strong pleasant odor.
Gills: White (pinkish-brown in age). Subdecurrent. Close. Attached.
Spores: Cream/white.
Stalk: 3 – 8” x 0.2 – 0.6” [7.5 – 20 cm x 5 – 15 mm]
Whitish near top, yellowish/brownish-gray below. Vertically
scurfy/fibrous. Tapered toward base. Stuffed.
Locations: CEDLP, CENPK, MPENA, NOLAP, RKBRP, SLMLP.

References: BBF 70, 274. Bin 265. Lae 42. M&M 151. McK 137, 15.
Phi 42.
HABITAT and OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/1/2010, R Orr.

OVERALL (young): Rockburn Branch Park,8/1/2010 , R Orr.
CAPS (white spores on cap): North Laurel Park, 9/12/2010, J Solem.
STALKS and GILLS: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/12/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL (old): Rockburn Branch Park, 8/1/2010, R Orr.
27
Conifer-cone Baeospora Baeospora myosura Conifer-cone Baeospora Baeospora myosura
Marasmiaceae
--- --- +++
ID: Cap cinnamon; convex, flesh thin. Long white mycelium at

base.
Habitat: Groups. On conifer cones (white pine; ours: loblolly pine).
Cap: 1/4 – 3/4 ” [5 – 20 mm]
Cinnamon/pale tan. Moist. Smooth. Convex. Flesh very thin.
Gills: White. Attached. Very crowded. Narrow.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.4 – 2” x 1/32 – 1/16” [1 – 5 cm x 1 – 2 mm]
Whitish/brownish. Minutely hairy. Long white hairs (mycelium) at base.
Hollow.
Locations: RKBRP.
Synonym: [Original description] Collybia conigena.
References: Bar 260. BBF 71, 275. Lin 738, 9. M&M 136.
CAP (on pine cone): Rockburn Branch Park, 11/23/2010, J Solem.

GILLS and STALKS: Rockburn Branch Park, 11/1/2010, J Solem.
CAPS: Rockburn Branch Park, 11/1/2010, J Solem.
28
Lavender Baeospora Baeospora myriadophylla Lavender Baeospora Baeospora myriadophylla
Marasmiaceae
--- --- -+- -+- ---
ID: Cap and gills lavender; convex, flatter in age.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On decaying hardwoods and conifers.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.5” [1 – 4 cm]
Lavender/dingy lavender (ochre-brown w/ lavender margin in age),
center darker. Moist, hygrophanous. Smooth. Convex/nearly flat,
sometimes depressed in disc. Flesh white/grayish-brown w/ gelatinous
layer.
Gills: Lavender/dingy lavender. Attached; nearly free in age. Close to
crowded. Depth 2 mm. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2” x 1/16 – 1/8” [2 – 5 cm x 1 – 3 mm]
Lavender/brownish-lavender. Dry. Smooth. White mycelium. Hollow.
Locations: PIGTL.
OVERALL: Pigtail, 8/20/2009, R Solem. Synonym: Collybia myriadophylla.
CAP and STALK BASE w/ MYCELIUM: Pigtail, 9/15/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and STALKS: Pigtail, 9/15/2009, J Solem.
References: BBF 72, 275. Lae 132. Lin 739, 105. M&M 136fn. Phi 89.
Roo 153.
29
None Callistosporium purpureomarginatum None Callistosporium purpureomarginatum
Tricholomataceae
--- --- +--
ID: Cap purplish-red. Gills pinkish-/purplish-red. Metallic

aftertaste.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. Well-decayed oak logs.
Cap: 0.6 – 1.5” [1.5 – 4 cm]
Purplish-red/brownish-violet when moist, dries to pinkish-tan.
Bluish/brownish-purple band (1/8”, 2-3mm) at margin. Smooth. Convex
(nearly flat in age). Flesh yellowish, thin. Metallic aftertaste.
Gills: Pinkish-yellow w/ purple overtones, edges reddish-purple.
Attached. Close. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.5” x 1/16 – 1/8” [2 – 4 cm x 1.5 – 4 mm]
Reddish-purple w/ yellow toward base and apex (brownish in age).
Equal. Flesh yellow. Hollow.
Locations: HENPV.
References: BBF 73, 275. M&M 159fn. Roo 154.
SIDE: Henryton, 9/4/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Henryton, 9/4/2009, J Solem.
CAP: Henryton, 9/4/2009, R Solem.
MATURE GILLS and STALK: Henryton, 9/4/2009, R Solem.
30
Golden Chanterelle Cantharellus cibarius Golden Chanterelle Cantharellus cibarius
Cantharellaceae
+++- -++ +++-
ID: Cap yellow-orange; flat (somewhat depressed in age). Blunt

gill-like ridges.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in forests.
Cap: 0.6 – 5.5” [1.6 – 14 cm]
Yellow-orange to yellow. Dry. Nearly smooth. Convex to nearly flat,
sometimes w/ depressed center. Margin thin, inrolled when young,
uplifted and wavy in age (sometimes crimped or lobed). Flesh white.
Apricot odor; sometimes w/ peppery taste.
Fertile Surface: Pale yellow/yellow/orange; stains ochraceous.
Decurrent w/ forked blunt gill-like ridges, crossveins.
OVERALL: Henryton, 7/128/2010, R Orr. Spores: Pinkish-cream/pale buff.
Stalk: 0.6 – 2.8” [1.6 – 7 cm]
Pale yellow/yellow-orange. Stains ochraceous. Smooth. Thick at top.
Locations: BIGBR, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC, PIGTL, WINTR.

References: Bar 250. BBF 32, 36. Bin 97. Lin 387, 308, 427.
M&M 335. McK 81, 7. Pac 154. Phi 248. Roo 126. Rus 100, #49.
Kuo. Rog.
31
Cinnabar Chanterelle Cantharellus cinnabarinus Cinnabar Chanterelle Cantharellus cinnabarinus
Cinnabar-red Chanterelle Cinnabar-red Chanterelle Cantharellaceae
++-+ +++ +++ -+- ---
ID: Cap salmon-red, fades; convex/funnel-shaped in age. Blunt

gill-like ridges. Peppery taste.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground/in moss in hardwood forests
(especially oak).
Cap: 0.4 – 1.8” [1 – 4.5 cm]
Reddish-orange/salmon-red fading to paler pinkish-orange (colors fade
in sunlight). Smooth (or nearly). Convex, broadly convex and depressed
(funnel-shaped in age). Margin inrolled/uplifted) wavy in age. Flesh pale
pink/white (becoming reddish-orange near cap surface). Taste slowly
becomes peppery.
Fertile surface: Pale reddish-orange to orange-salmon. Decurrent w/
distant forking, blunt, gill-like ridges w/ crossveins.
Spores: Pinkish-cream.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2” x 0.1–- 0.4” [2 – 5 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Reddish-orange; pale pinkish-orange in age. Cylindrical/ tapering
downward, often curved.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP,
SAVPK, SVMLT, TUFTS.
McK 82, 7. Phi 253. Roo 113. Rus 102, 50.
TOP: MPENA, 8/19/2009, R Solem.
SIDE: Savage Park, 6/25/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL: MPENA, 9/18/2009, J Solem.
32
Smooth Chanterelle Cantharellus lateritius Smooth Chanterelle Cantharellus lateritius
Cantharellaceae
++++- +++ +--
ID: Cap yellow-orange, flat (depressed; fades in age). Smooth or

only shallow ridges.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On ground in hardwood (especially
oak) or mixed forests.
Cap: 0.6 – 4.8” [1.6 – 12 cm]
Yellow-orange to yellow (fades in age). Dry. Nearly smooth. Convex to
nearly flat, often w/ low, broad umbo or depressed. Margin often lighter in
color (but blackens w/ age), thin, inrolled when young, uplifted and wavy
in age (often crimped or lobed). Flesh light yellow.
Fertile Surface: Pale yellow/yellow/orange. Decurrent w/ smooth to
merely shallowly wrinkled outer/under surface; crossveins.
Spores: Pinkish-yellow/pale yellowish-orange.
Stalk: 0.6 – 3.1” [1.6 – 8 cm]
Pale yellow/yellow-orange. Smooth. Thick at top, tapering downward.
Locations: DFWMA, HAMVL, HIRIP, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP,
SUKBR, SVMLT.
Notes: Kuo: The under/outer surface of Cantharellus cibarius has well
developed false gills.
Synonym: Craterellus cantharellus.
References: BBF 34, 37. Bin 99. Lae 276. Lin 390, 428. M&M 331.
McK 83, 7. Phi 251. Roo 127. Kuo. Rog.
SIDE: Schooley Mill Park, 7/1/2009, R. Solem

FERTILE SURFACE and STALK: MPENA , 8/19/2009, J Solem.
33
Small Chanterelle Cantharellus minor Small Chanterelle Cantharellus minor
Cantharellaceae
+++ ++- +++ +++
ID: Cap yellow-orange, smooth; nearly flat, slightly depressed

center. Blunt gill-like ridges.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground/moss in hardwood forests.
Cap: 0.2 – 1.1” [6 – 30 mm]
Yellow-orange to yellow (fades in age). Dry. Nearly smooth. Convex to
nearly flat, slightly depressed center. Flesh orange, soft.
Fertile Surface: Orange/yellow-orange. Decurrent w/ forked blunt gill-
like ridges, crossveins.
Spores: Pinkish-yellow/pale yellowish-orange.
Stalk: 0.6 – 2.4” [1.6 – 6 cm]
Pale yellow/yellow-orange. Smooth. Thick at top, tapering downward.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, HAMVL, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC, NOLAP,
PIGTL, SUKBR, TUFTS.
Notes: May be confused w/ miniature forms of Cantharellus cibarius.
References: Bar 251. BBF 31. Lin 391, 57. M&M 334. McK 84, 7.
Phi 248. Roo 114. Rus 103, #51. Kuo.
TOP: Big Branch, 8/21/2009, R Solem.

OVERALL: Big Branch, 8/21/2009, R Solem.
SIDE: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, R Solem.
FERTILE SURFACE: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, R Solem.
34
None Catathelasma ventricosum None Catathelasma ventricosum
Tricholomataceae
+--- --+ +++
ID: Cap whitish/gray-brown; squat. Stalk mostly buried; double

ring. Taste unpleasant.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in duff in coniferous or
mixed forests.
Cap: 3 – 6” [7.5 – 15 cm]
Whitish to gray/brown. Dry. Smooth, becoming patchy/scaly w/
concentric fibril rings. Margin lighter; inrolled, usually has bits of partial
veil. Flesh white, thick.Taste unpleasant.
Gills: White/buff, decurrent. Close to subdistant. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 4” [5 –1O cm]
White above double ring, brownish-yellow below. Tapered downward
and usually mostly buried. Ring and veil remnants usually prominent.
Flesh white. Solid.
Locations: BIGBR, NOLAP, PIGTL, SAVPK.
Synonym: Catathelasma ventricosa.
References: BBF 75, 275. Bar 246. Lin 742, 212. M&M 104.
Pac 52fn.
TOP: Savage Park,10/3/2008, W Earp.

GILLS and RING: Big Branch, 9/28//2009, R Solem.
35
White Oysterette Cheimonophyllum candidissimum White Oysterette Cheimonophyllum candidissimum
Cyphellaceae
--- +-- +-- ---
ID: Cap kidney-shaped w/ white hairs. Off-center or stalkless.

Habitat: Solitary, groups. On dead hardwoods.
Cap: 0.4 – 0.8” [1 – 2 cm]
White hairs on yellowish background. Hemispheric/ kidney-shaped.
Margin inrolled, slightly grooved in age. Flesh thin, soft, whitish/yellowish.
Gills: White/yellowish-tan. Decurrent. Subdistant/fairly close. Rather
broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: Off-center or none.
Locations: BIGBR, HENPV.
Synonym: Pleurotus candidissimus.
References: Bar 297. BBF 75, 276. Lin 743, 496. M&M 138. Phi 67.
GILLS and ATTACHMENT; Henryton Rd, 9/1/2008, J Solem.

36
Green-spored Mushroom Chlorophyllum molybdites Green-spored Mushroom Chlorophyllum molybdites
Agaricaceae
--+ -+- ---
ID: Cap white w/ pinkish patches, slowly stains brown/reddish.

Stalk w/ fringed white ring.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups, fairy rings. In lawns, meadows,
gardens.
Cap: 2.8 – 12” [7 – 30 cm]
White; when young covered w/ large pinkish- brown/cinnamon patches
(scale-like in age). Slowly stains brown/reddish. Margin w/ partial veil
remnants. Flesh white, thick in center.
Gills: White (greenish/grayish-green in age); stains yellow/brownish.
Free. Close.
Spores: Green/yellowish-green/greenish-gray.
Stalk: 4 – 10” x 0.4 – 1” [10 – 5 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
White/tan, stains brown. Cylindrical/tapered upward. Superior fringed
white ring (brownish on underside in age). Flesh staining red/orange-
brown. Hollow.
Locations: FARMS, ORRBB, RKBRP.

References: M&M 52. BBF 76, 276. Lae 166fn. Lin 509, 169, 170.
M&M 52. McK 240, 29. Phi 37. Roo 64.
OVERALL: Rockburn Branch, 9/14/2008, J Solem.

EMERGING: Beaverbrook, 8/28/2009, R. Orr
CAP and STALK: (w/ 6” ruler): Beaverbrook, 8/30/2009, R. Orr. .
GILLS (mature): Beaverbrook, 8/30/2009, R. Orr.
CLOSEUP of GILLS:(mature): Beaverbrook, 8/30/2009, R. Orr.
37
None Chrysomphalina strombodes None Chrysomphalina strombodes
Hygrophoraceae
---- -+- +++ +++ --- -+- ---
ID: Grayish-brown (soon yellow); convex (funnel-shaped in age).

Variable.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On dead/decaying wood of
hardwoods and conifers.
Cap: 1 – 4” [2.5 – 10 cm]
Grayish-brown apressed fibers cover base layer when young (stretched
out and streaked so appears yellow in age). Convex
(depressed/shallowly funnel-shaped in age). Margin wavy in age. Flesh
whitish/yellowish, thin.
Gills: Yellowish-white/pale yellow. Decurrent. Distant. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: Up to 2.4” x 0.4” [6 cm x 8 mm]
Whitish/yellowish/pale grayish. Dry. Minutely hairy. More or less equal.
Locations: BIGBR, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP,
WESRP.
Notes: Microscopic examination of spores by R. Orr is basis for
OVERALL: Pigtail, 7/15/2010, R Solem.
identification.
GILLS and STALK: Pigtail, 7/15/2010, J Solem.
SIDE: High Ridge Park, 8/26/2009, J Solem. Synonyms: Gerronema strombodes. Omphalia strombodes. Clitocybe
TOP: High Ridge Park, 8/26/2009, R Solem. strombodes.
References: BBF 79key. Phi 92. Rog. Kuo.
38
None Clitocybe eccentric [or near] None Clitocybe eccentrica [or near]
Tricholomataceae
+-++ +-- +-- --- --- ---
ID: Caps variable w/ age (whitish/yellowish/brownish); convex

(funnel-shaped in age). Stalk w/ white rhizomorphs at base.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On wood (primarily hardwood) or woody
debris.
Cap: 0.4 – 2.4” [1 – 6 cm]
Whitish/pale brownish/orangish-yellow; changes color markedly in age.
Dry. Smooth. Convex (flat/shallowly funnel-shaped in age). Margin
frequently inrolled and split in age. Flesh pale yellow. Strong odor.
Gills: White/buff. Decurrent. Fairly crowded.
Spores: White/creamy.
Stalk: 1.2 – 2” x 0.3” [3 – 5 cm x 7 mm]
Light yellow. Dry. Smooth or finely hairy above; densely hairy at base.
More or less equal. White rhizomorphs at base. Yellow flesh. Stuffed.
Locations: HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, SAVPK.

Notes: C. eccentrica may not be exact identification; see Kuo for details.
References: Kuo.

TOP: High Ridge Park, 6/21/2009, J Solem.
39
None Clitocybe flavidella [or near] None Clitocybe flavidella [or near]
Tricholomataceae
--- --- -+-
ID: In pine needles. Golden-brown/buff cap; margin inrolled; gills

buff; stalk color of cap. White mycelium.
Habitat: Groups/small clusters in pine needles.
Cap: 3/8 – 1.4” [1 – 3.5 cm]
Yellow/golden-brown (buff in age). Convex (flat/depressed in age). Moist
when young. Margin inrolled (finely lined in age).
Gills: Buff. Broadly attached. Close/nearly distant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 3/4 – 1.6” x 3/16” [2 – 4 cm x 4 mm]
Golden-brown/buff, brownish toward base. Smooth/shiny above. Hollow.
White mycelium.
Locations: ANNRK.
Notes: There are other golden-brown species under conifers (see Kuo).
BBF (82key) describes Clitocybe coniferophila, which may be similar.
References: Kuo.
OVERALL: Annapolis Rock, 11/19/2010, J Solem.

GILLS, STALk and BASE: Annapolis Rock, 11/19/2010, J Solem.
40
None Clitocybe robusta None Clitocybe robusta
Tricholomataceae
--- --- -+-
ID: Cap white/pale buff; smooth; convex (may be depressed in

age); margin wavy in age. Base bulbous/club-like.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On ground in coniferous and
hardwood forests.
Cap: 2 – 7” [5 – 18 cm]
White, pale buff/pale tan in age. Smooth, satiny, dry (viscid when wet).
Convex becoming nearly flat, sometimes w/ shallow depressed center.
Margin inrolled (expanded/wavy/lobed in age). Flesh white, thick.
Gills: White, pale buff/pinkish-buff in age. Attached/ subdecurrent.
Close/crowded; sometimes forked/crossveined.
Spores: Pale yellow/cream/light tan.
Stalk: 1.6 – 4” x 0.4 – 1.4” [4 – 10 cm x 1 – 3.5 cm]
Whitish. Covered w/ matted fibrils. Sometimes grooved. Cylindrical w/
bulbous/club-like base. Flesh white. Solid, hollow in age.
Locations: BIGBR.
References: BBF 85, 277. M&M 187fn. Phi 58.

SIDE, GILLS and STALKS: Big Branch, 10/16/2008, J Solem.
41
Clustered Clitocybe Clitocybe subconnexa Clustered Clitocybe Clitocybe subconnexa
Tricholomataceae
--- --- --+ --- ---
ID: Cap white, smooth; convex (flat/depressed in age). Stalk base

cottony.
Habitat: Clusters. On ground in hardwood forests.
Cap: 1 – 2.5” [2.5 – 6.5 cm]
White/buff/pale pinkish-brown. Dry. Smooth, satiny. Flattened/depressed
in center in age. Inrolled margin. Flesh white, stains pinky-brown.
Gills: Whitish (pale pinkish-buff in age). Attached/subdecurrent.
Crowded; occasionally forked. Depth 1 – 2 mm. Secondary gills.
Spores: Pinkish-buff (after 5 day wait).
Stalk: 1 – 2.5” x 0.5 – 1” [2.5 – 6.5 cm x 12 – 25 mm]
Whitish (or like cap). Smooth to silky-fibrillose; sometimes scurfy at apex,
cottony at base. Equal/tapered upward.
Locations: RKBRP.
Synonym: C. caespitosus.
References: McK 144, #16. Roo 246.
TOP: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/22/2009, R Solem.

GILLS and STALKS: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/22/2009, R Solem.
42
Tuberous Collybia Collybia tuberosa Tuberous Collybia Collybia tuberosa
Bolbitiaceae
--+ --- --- ---
ID: Pinkish cap. White “root” w/ reddish-brown sclerotia.

Habitat: Groups. On blackened remains of mushrooms (Russula and
Lactarius) or on humus/decaying wood.
Cap: 1/8 – 5/8” [2 – 15 mm]
Pinkish-buff on disc, whitish toward margin (whitish overall in age).
Convex (flat in age, often w/small depression or small broad umbo).
Margin may be striate. Flesh whitish.
Gills: Whitish/pinkish buff. Attached. Close/subdistant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.4 – 2” x 1/16” [1 – 5 cm x 1.5 mm]
Whitish/pinkish-buff (stains darker). Dry, scurfy/pruinose at apex. Nearly
equal. Hollow in age.
Notes: May have white rhizomorphs; always has base attached to dark
reddish-brown, shiny, oval sclerotium (1/8 – 1/2” x 1/8 – 1/4” [3 – 13 mm
x 2 – 6 mm]).
Locations: WESRP.
McK 151, 17. Phi 73.
SIDE (showing rhizomorphs): Western Regional Park,

8/21/2010, J Solem.
SIDE (showing sclerotia): Western Regional Park, 8/21/2010, J Solem.
43
Dunce Cap Conocybe apala Dunce Cap Conocybe apala
White Dunce Cap White Dunce Cap Bolbitiaceae
--++- --+ +-+ -+-
ID: Cap white, center yellow; conical (flat in age). Stalk w/ basal
bulb.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. In mulch or grassy areas.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.1” [1 – 3 cm]
Whitish/creamy-white, ochraceous tinge on disc; center yellow. Dry.
Smooth. Conical/bluntly conic (bell-shaped
to almost flat and wrinkled in age). Grooved margin. Flesh whitish, thin.
Gills: Whitish (tawny/reddish-cinnamon in age). Free. Close. Very
narrow.
Spores: Reddish-cinnamon.
Stalk: 1.5 – 4” x 1/l6 – 1/8” [4 – 10 cm x 1 – 3 mm]
White. Powdery/nearly smooth/translucent. Cylindrical. No ring. Usually
w/ basal bulb. Hollow.
Locations: BIGBR, HAMVL, MBRKP, MPENA, RKBRP, WESRP.
Notes: Disappears by midday according to Læssøe.
Synonym: C. lacteal.
McK 308, 38. Pac 200fn. Phi 214. Roo 191.

CAP and STALK: Patuxent Quarter Rd, 6/1/2010, H Metzman.
GILLS: Patuxent Quarter Rd, 6/1/2010, H Metzman.
CAP: Patuxent Quarter Rd, 6/1/2010, H Metzman.
44
Brown Dunce Cap Conocybe tenera Brown Dunce Cap Conocybe tenera
Bolbitiaceae
+-- +-- --- --- --- --- --+
ID: Cap rusty-brown; conic/bell-shaped, striate.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in forests, gardens, lawns, fields.
Cap: 0.4 – 0.8” [1 – 2 cm]
Red-/rusty-brown/fulvous (pale tawny/ocracheous in age). Conic/bell-
shaped. Striate from margin to disc. Flesh pale whitish-brown.
Gills: Whitish; pale-/cinnamon-brown in age. Nearly free.
Close/subdistant. Narrow.
Stalk: 1.1 – 3.1” x 1/16 – 1/8” [3 – 8 cm x 1 – 3 mm]
Whitish; brown/dark brown in age. Pruinose/nearly smooth. Equal/slightly
enlarged base.
CAP, STALK S and GILLS: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 5/9/2009, S. Muller.
Locations: ANNRK, FARMS, GONRA, HAMVL.
McK 309, 38. Pac 200. Phi 214.
45
Mica Cap Coprinellus micaceus Mica Cap Coprinellus micaceus
Psathyrellaceae
+-- ++- --- --- --- --+ -++++
ID: Cap tawny w/ mica-like scales. Deliquesces.

Habitat: Dense clusters. In grass or on decaying hardwood.
Cap: 0.8 – 2” [2 – 5 cm]
Tawny/orange-brown disc, yellowish-tan toward margin, grayish/dark
grayish-brown in age. Granular scales in button stage, then smooth but
grooved. Curved/egg-shaped (bell-shaped/convex in age). Margin
inrolled, then curls upward; irregular in age. Flesh whitish, very thin.
Gills: Grayish-buff, then gray (black as they deliquesce). Attached, but
then separate from cap. Crowded.
Spores: Black.
Stalk: 1 – 3.1” x 1/8 – 1/4 ” [2.5 – 8 cm x 2 – 5 mm]
White/transparent. Smooth. Dry. Cylindrical/enlarged base. Hollow in
age.
Locations: CASCT, DANPV, HIRIP, MPENA, RKBRP, SLMLP, WINTR.
Synonym: Coprinus micaceus.
McK 276, 34. Pac 226. Phi 236. Rus 29, 4.

DELIQUESCING CAPS: Schooley Mill Park, 10/21/2009, J Solem.
DELIQUESCING GILLS: Rockburn Branch Park, 5/20/2010, R Solem
46
Alcohol InkyCap Coprinopsis atramentaria Alcohol Inky Cap Coprinopsis atramentaria
Tippler’s Bane Tippler’s Bane Psathyrellaceae
--- --- --- --- --- -+- ---
ID: Cap gray/gray-brown; egg-shaped (convex in age as it

deliquesces).
Habitat: Clusters. On grass or woodchips at tree bases.
Cap: 1.5 – 3” [4 – 7.5 cm]
Gray/gray-brown (white when very young). Smooth slightly scurfy
(sometimes w/ tiny scales); striated. Dry. Oval/egg-shaped (convex in
age). Flesh grayish-white (becoming black as it deliquesces).
Gills: White, soon gray (black as they deliquesce). Free. Crowded.
Spores: Black.
Stalk: 1.5 – 6” x 0.4 – 0.8” [4 – 15.5 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
White. Silky. Tapered downward or equal. Annular ring at base. Hollow in
age.
Locations: HIRIP.
Notes:
Very bad digestive reaction w/ alcohol.
Synonym: Coprinus atramentarius.
OVERALL (w/ deliquescing caps): High Ridge Park, McK 276, 34. Pac 223. Phi 235. Rus 190, 90.
10/17/2010, J Solem.
CAP: High Ridge Park, 10/17/2010, J Solem.
GILLS and STALKS: High Ridge Park, 10/17/2010, J Solem.
47
None Coprinopsis lagopus None Coprinopsis lagopus
Psathyrellaceae
++- --- -+- --- --- ---
ID: Cylinder covered w/ white/grayish fibrils when young; gray,

bell-shaped and striated in age. Stalk floccose (& large) when
young; smooth in age.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. Wood chips, sawdust, hay bales.
Cap: 0.4 – 2” [1 – 5 cm]
Surface covered w/ coat of erect/recurved white/grayish-white cottony
fibers/scales (which disappear in age); often deeply grooved.
Grayish/black in age; brown disc. Oval/elliptic (convex/bell-shaped in
age). Margin inrolled, then curls upward; irregular in age. Flesh grayish
to black.
Gills: White, then gray (black as they deliquesce). Attached, but then
separate from cap. Close.
Spores: Black.
Stalk: 1.5 – 4” x 1/16 – 3/16 ” [4 – 10 cm x 1.5 – 4 mm]
White. Floccose (smooth in age). Dry. Hollow in age.
Locations: BONOT, LILLI, MPENA.
Synonyms: Coprinus lagopus. Coprinus lagopides.
Phi 234.
OVERALL: Manahan Drive, 7/19/2010, B Ott.

SIDES: Roxbury Mill Road,5/4/2010, K Lillie.
OVERALL: Roxbury Mill Road, 5/18/2010, K Lillie.
GILLS: Roxbury Mill Road, 5/18/2010, K Lillie.
48
Onion Stalk Coprinus cepaestipes Onion Stalk Coprinus cepaestipes
Agaricaceae
--- -++ --- +--
ID: Cap white/pale yellow (grayish-brown in age) w/

powdery/granular scales, prominent umbo, striations to margin;
bell-shaped (convex/ conic in age). Stalk w/ mealy fragments,
persistent ring. White flesh stains yellow.
Habitat: Clusters. In rich soil or mulch piles.
Cap: 0.8 – 3.1” [2 – 8 cm]
White/pale yellow (grayish-brown in age) under powdery/fibrillose-
granular scales. Prominent umbo. Long and bell-shaped (convex/conic in
age). Margin striate to edge. Flesh white, stains yellow; thin.
Gills: White (dingy in age). Free. Crowded. Narrow.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.6 – 4.7” x 1/8 – 1/4” [4 – 12 cm x 3 – 6 mm]
White. Bruises yellow. Sparse, mealy/filamentous fragments. Narrowly
bulbous, tapering to very narrow tip. Persistent ring. Hollow.
Locations: HAMVL, MCLUR, SLMLP.
Synonym: Leucocoprinus cepaestipes.
References: Lin 515, 179. McK 245, 29. M&M 55. Roo 66. Kuo. Rog.
YOUNG CAP: Mt. Albert Road, 7/30/2010, J Solem.

CAP: Mt. Albert Road, 7/30/2010, J Solem.
SIDE SHOWING RING: Mt. Albert Road, 7/30/2010, J Solem.
UNEXPANDED CAP (cut): Mt. Albert Road, 7/30/2010, J Solem.
SIDE: Mt. Albert Road, 7/30/2010, J Solem..
49
Shaggy Mane Coprinus comatus Shaggy Mane Coprinus comatus
Agaricaceae
--+-- --- --- --- -++ -++
ID: Cap whitish w/ brown scales; cylindrical (flat in age as it

deliquesces).
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On disturbed ground, in grass,
woodchips.
Cap: 1.1 – 2” [3 – 5 cm], 2 – 3.1” [3 – 5 cm] in age
White w/ brownish disc. Covered w/ coarse white/ reddish-brown scales,
darkest at tip. Dry. Curved/ cylindrical (broadly conic to nearly flat in
age). Margin inrolled, then curls upward. Flesh white (becoming black as
it deliquesces). Odor not distinctive.
Gills: White/pinkish (black as they deliquesce). Attached, then free.
Crowded.
Spores: Black.
Stalk: 3 – 12” x 0.4 – 1” [7.5 – 30 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
White. Nearly smooth. Tapered upward. Partial veil may leave thin, loose
ring when young. Bulbous base may root. Hollow.
Locations: ALRLF, DFWMA, HIRIP, ORRBB, RIVHL, RKBRP,
WINTR.
References: Bar 195. BBF 103, 280. Lae 174. Lin 597, 704.
OVERALL: Mt Pleasant, 6/8/2009, B Ott.

SIDE and RING: River Hill,10/30/2009, J Solem.
DELIQUESCING CAPS: River Hill,10/30/2009, R Solem.
50
Crumble Cap Coprinus disseminatus Crumble Cap Coprinus disseminatus
Agaricaceae
-+-+- -+- --- +-- +++
ID:. Caps small, yellowish/brownish-gray; conical, pleated. Gills

become black but do not deliquesce.
Habitat: Dense groups. In moss; on hardwood debris, bark, or buried
wood.
Cap: 0.2 – 0.6” [0.5 – 1.5 cm]
Pale yellowish, brownish-gray w/ yellow-brown on disc in age. Minutely
scurfy. Hemispheric/bell-shaped/conical, deeply pleated.
Gills: White, ashy/black in age. Attached. Nearly distant. Broad.
Spores: Blackish.
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.2” x 1/64 – 1/32” [2 – 3 cm x 0.5 – 1 mm]
White/light tan/gray. Smooth/minutely hairy. Hollow. Fragile.
Locations: BIGBR, GONRA, HENPV, MPENA, WINTR.
Notes: Does not deliquesce.
References: Bar 198. Roo 155. Lin 598, 4. Lae 143. M&M 227.
Pac 225. Phi 234.
OVERALL: Big Branch, 5/29/2010, W Earp.

OVERALL: Wincopin, 6/15/2009, R Solem.
GROUP: Henryton, 9/4/2009, R Solem.
51
Scaly Inky Cap Coprinus variegatus Scaly Inky Cap Coprinus variegatus
Agaricaceae
+-+++ -+- -++
ID: Cap grayish w/ dingy scales; egg-shaped when young.

Deliquensces. Odor unpleasant (garlicky).
Habitat: Dense clusters. On decaying hardwood (often on buried wood
in lawns).
Cap: 1.5 – 3” [4 – 7.5 cm]
Grayish-brown/gray w/ white/dingy yellow scales that wash off.
Curved/ovoid, bell-shaped in age. Flesh pale tan. Garlic odor (strong and
unpleasant).
Gills: White; quickly gray, purplish-brown/black in age and deliquescing.
Free. Very crowded.
Spores: Black.
Stalk: 2 – 4.8”x 0.2 – 0.4” [5 – 12 cm x 5 – 10 mm]
Whitish. Scurfy/smooth near top; fibrillose from base to obscure ring
area. Tapers to top. Whitish flesh. Hollow in age.
Locations: CASCT, DANPV, MPENA, SLMLP, WINTR.

Synonym: Coprinus quadrifidus.
References:. Bar 195. BBF 105, 281. Lin 601, 703. McK 280, #34.
Phi 236. Roo 206. Rus 24, 1.
CAPS: Daniels, 6/19/2009, J Solem.

GILLS and DELIQUESCING CAPS: Schooley Mill Park,
5/18//2009, J Solem.
CUT CAP: Daniels, 6/19/2009, J Solem.
DELIQUESCING GROUP: Savage Park, 7/19/2008, J Solem.
52
Silvery-violet Cort Cortinarius alboviolaceus Silvery-violet Cort Cortinarius alboviolaceus
Cortinariaceae
--+ +-+ +++++
ID: Cap violet/lilac w/ silvery fibrils; bell-shaped (flat in age).

Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground in duff in coniferous and hardwood
forests.
Cap: 1.2 – 3.8” [3 – 9.8 cm]
Pale violet/lilac-buff, covered w/ silvery fibrils. Dry. Shiny, silky. Bell-
shaped (convex/nearly flat in age w/ low, broad umbo). Margin inrolled.
Flesh pale violet.
Gills: Pale violet/grayish, lilac; cinnamon-brown in age. Attached. Close.
Broad.
Spores: Rusty-brown/brown.
Stalk: 1.6 –- 3.1” x 0.2 – 0.4” [4 – 8 cm x 2 – 20 mm]
White to somewhat colored like cap. Dry. Sheathed from base to annular
zone w/ white silky veil. Tapered upward. White partial veil leaves thin
annular zone. Flesh turns lavender.
CAP: Big Branch, 9/28/2009, R Solem.
CAPS, STALK, GILLS and PARTIAL VEIL: Pigtail, 10/6/2009, R Solem. Locations: BIGBR, GUIPK, HAMVL, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP.
OVERALL: Hammod Village, 9/3/1979, J Solem.
GILLS: North Laurel Park, 10/12/2008, J. Solem. Synonym: Subgenus Sericeocybe.
M&M 315. Pac 179. Phi 177.
53
None Cortinarius camphoratus None Cortinarius camphoratus
Cortinariaceae
+--- -+-
ID: Cap w/ silvery bloom at first w/ buff fibrils. Gills lilac.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood, coniferous,
or mixed forests.
Cap: 1.5 – 4” [4 – 10 cm]
Silvery whitish bloom at first, coated w/ tiny fibrils (buff w/ lilac
tints/golden in age). Dry. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat in age), w/
or w/o low broad umbo. Margin inrolled (expanded in age). Flesh (>= gill
layer) pale lilac/purplish.
Gills: Lilac; dull brown in age. Attached. Subdistant. Broad.
Spores: Rusty-brown; brown.
Stalk: 2 – 4 x 0.4 – 0.8” [5 – 10 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Light colored/purple. Covered w/ white silky-matted fibrils from base to
annular zone. Tapered upward. Club-shaped base. Flesh white.
Locations: NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP.
References: BBF 106, 281. Phi 125.
TOP: North Laurel Park, 10/12/2008, J Solem.

GILLS and STALK: North Laurel Park, 9/1/2010, J Solem.
GILLS: North Laurel Park, 10/12/2008, J Solem.
54
Corrugated Cort Cortinarius corrugatus Corrugated Cort Cortinarius corrugatus
Cortinariaceae
-+- -++ -+-
ID: Cap reddish-orange; hemispheric, flatter in age. Stalk base to

ring zone w/ cottony veil.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground in duff in forests.
Cap: 2 – 5.8” [5 – 15 cm]
Reddish-orange, fades to yellowish at margin. Smooth, shiny, viscid
when fresh (often finely wrinkled to deeply lined in age). Hemispheric
(broadly convex/nearly flat in age). Margin inrolled when young
(expanded in age), often w/ veil remnants.
Gills: Buff/orangish. Attached. Crowded. Narrow.
Spores: Rusty-brown, brown.
Stalk: 2.4 – 5.8” x 0.4 – 0.8” [6 – 15 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
White/pale buff/cream. Dry. White-pruinose at apex, covered from base
to annular zone w/ white, cottony, membranous veil. Equal/tapered
down. Solid.
Locations: HIRIP, PIGTL, ROGOR.
Synonym: Subgenus Myxacium.
References: Bar 227. BBF 107, 282. Bin 105. M&M 320. Phi 160.
Roo 272.
OVERALL: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/28/2009, R Solem.
GILLS: Pigtail, 9/28/2009, J Solem.
SIDE: Pigtail, 9/28/2009, J Solem.
55
Sticky Violet Cort Cortinarius iodes Sticky Violet Cort Cortinarius iodes
Spotted Cort Cortinariaceae
--- -++ -++ +-+
ID: Cap and gills lilac/purplish. Cap and stalk slimy.

Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On ground under hardwoods.
Cap: 0.8 – 2.4” [2 – 6 cm]
Dark lilac/purplish, fading in age and developing yellowish spots,
yellowish umbo or overall; varieties may have yellow center. Smooth,
slimy. Bell-shaped, broadly convex in age. Margin inrolled, veil
fragments. Flesh white, then gray.
Gills: Lilac/violet; grayish cinnamon in age. Attached. Close. Depth = 2X
Stalk: 1.5 – 2.8” x 0.2” – 0.6” [4 – 7 cm x 5 – 15 mm]
Violet/purplish; sometimes white toward base. Slimy. Smooth. Cylindrical
or tapered upward. May have pale violet partial veil near top. Flesh
white.
Locations: BIGBR, LONGC, PIGTL, ROGOR, SAVPK, TUFTS.
Notes: C. iodioides cap has a bitter taste: C. iodes does not.
Synonym: Subgenus Myxacium.
References: Bar 228. BBF 109, 282. Bin 109. Lin 617, 344.
M&M 320. Roo 193. Roo 193.

CAP: Pigtail, 8/20/2009, J Solem.
GILLS: Pigtail, 8/20/2009, J Solem
56
None Cortinarius privignus [or near] None Cortinarius privignus [or near]
Cortinariaceae
--- --+ ---
ID: Cap center red-brown (wet) or yellow-brown (dry). Stalk club-

shaped. Strong odor (spicy or plant-like).
Habitat: Scattered. On ground in moss in mixed forests or hemlocks.
Cap: 1.6 – 2.8” [4 – 7 cm]
Center dark red-brown when wet, drying to yellow-brown. Smooth,
slightly shiny. Conical/bell-shaped. Margin covered w/ fine white veil
fragments. Flesh pallid w/ red-brown patches, fragile. Odor strong, plant-
like or spicy.
Gills: Milky-coffee/pale cinnamon (darker cocoa-brown in age). Notched.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.5” x 1/4 – 1/2” [4 – 9 cm x 7 – 15 mm]
White w/ matted hairs. Striated. Club-shaped. Stuffed.
Locations: BIGBR.
Notes: Rogers is the only source with a description and photo that seem
to match the specimens here.
Synonym: Subgenus Telamonia.
References: Phi 182. Rog.

CAPS and GILLS: Big Branch, 9/28/2009, R Solem.
57
None Cortinarius pulchrifolius None Cortinarius pulchrifolius
Cortinariaceae
--+ ---+
ID: Cap lilac w/ silky white fibrils; hemispheric/ convex. Stalk w/

flat onion bulb.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground in forests.
Cap: 1.2 – 3.8” [5 – 12 cm]
White/lilac w/ reddish/tannish center. Covered w/ fine, silky, white fibrils.
Smooth, shiny. Convex/bell-shaped w/ broad umbo.
Gills: Lilac; dark purple-brown in age. Attached. Close. Depth 1 – 2 mm.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.1” x 0.2 – 0.4” [5 – 10 cm x 8 – 16 mm]
Colored like cap. Dry. Tapered upward, large, fat oniony bulb up to 1.2”
[30 mm] wide; covered w/ white fibers. Flesh turns lavender. Stuffed.
Locations: BIGBR, PIGTL, RKBRP.
Synonym: Subgenus Sericeocybe.
References: Phi 177. Rog.

GILLS and TOP: Pigtail, 10/6/2009, R Solem.
58
Blood-red Cort Cortinarius sanguineus Blood-red Cort Cortinarius sanguineus
Cortinariaceae
--- --- --+ --- ---
ID: Cap dark orange-red w/ silky fibrils. Gill and stalk color like
cap.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground or in moss under hardwoods or
white pines.
Cap: 0.8 – 2.3” [2 – 6 cm]
Dark blood/orange-red. Covered w/ silky fibrils. Convex (flattened in
age). Flesh tan.
Gills: Colored like cap or darker; rusty tinged in age. Attached. Crowded.
Narrow.
CAPS and GILLS: Long Corner, 9/29/2008, J Solem.
Stalk: 0.8 – 3” x 1/8 – 1/4” [2 – 7.5 cm x 3 – 6 mm]
Colored like cap or darker. Slightly thickened at base.
Locations: LONGC.
Synonym: Subgenus Dermocybe.
References: Bar 230. Phi 191. Roo 194. Rog.
59
Red-gilled Cort Cortinarius semisanguineus Red-gilled Cort Cortinarius semisanguineus
Cortinariaceae
--- --- --+ --- ---
ID: Gills dark blood-red. Cap yellow-brown w/ matted fibrils; umbo.

Stalk dull yellow.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground or in moss in forests.
Cap: 0.8 – 2.4” [2 – 6 cm]
Yellow-brown/cinnamon-buff; disc darker in age. Surface dry, covered w/
tiny matted fibrils. Bell-shaped/ convex (broadly convex/nearly flat w/ low
umbo in age). Margin inrolled (expanded in age). Flesh whitish/
yellowish.
Gills: Dark blood-red/cinnabar. Attached. Crowded. Narrow.
Stalk: 0.8 – 3” x 1/8 – 1/4” [2 – 6 cm x 3 – 6 mm]
Dull yellow; often reddish/whitish at base and whitish at apex. Fibrillose.
Equal. Thin, fibrous annular zone. Solid.
Locations: BIGBR, PIGTL.
Synonym: Subgenus Dermocybe.
McK 293, #36. M&M 318. Phi 191. Roo 194.
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sept99.html.

TOP: Pigtail, 9/25/2009, R Solem.
GILLS: Pigtail, 9/25/2009, R Solem.
60
Violet Cort Cortinarius violaceus Violet Cort Cortinarius violaceus
Cortinariaceae
-++ ---
ID: Cap dark violet w/ dark tuft-like fibrils. Gill and stalk color like
cap.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground or in moss in forests.
Cap: 2 – 4.8” [5 – 12 cm]
Dark violet to purple. Covered w/ fibers that form tiny tufts/scales. Dry.
Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat in age, w/ or w/o small umbo). Margin
inrolled (expanded in age). Flesh dark violet/grayish.
Gills: Dark violet (grayish cinnamon-brown in age). Attached/notched.
Subdistant. Broad.
Spores: Rusty-brown/rusty-cinnamon.
Stalk: 2.8 – 5.5” x 0.4 – 4” [7 – 14 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Dark violet/purplish. Dry. Covered w/ tiny matted fibrils. Tapered upward.
Partial veil leaves thin violet annular zone. Club-shaped base.
Locations: LONGC, PIGTL, WESRP.
Synonym: Subgenus Continarius.
McK 294, 36. M&M 312. Pac 176.
SIDE: Western Regional Park, 9/29/2009, J Solem.

GILLS, CAP and STALKS: Western Regional Park, 9/29/2009, J Solem
61
Black Trumpets Craterellus fallax Black Trumpets Craterellus fallax
Cantharellaceae
+++-- --+ +--
ID: Cap funnel-shaped, gray-brown/blackish. Fertile surface w/

blunt ridges; stains black.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On ground in forests.
Cap: 0.4 -3.1” [1 - 8 cm]
Grayish-brown/dark brown/blackish w/ darker radiating fibers/tiny scales.
Funnel-shaped and deeply depressed. Margin inrolled
(arched/wavy/irregular in age). Flesh color like surface, thin, brittle to
fibrous.
Fertile Surface: Gray/brown/blackish, often w/ ochre- orange tints;
stains black. Decurrent or w/ shallow, blunt vein-like ridges.
Spores: Buff ( see Notes).
Stalk: Dark brown/blackish. Indistinct below fertile surface. Often hollow.
Locations: BIGBR, LONGC, PIGTL.
Notes: C. fallax has ochracheous-orange/ochracheous-buff spores. C.
cornucopioides has whitish spores.
McK 85, #7. Pac 155 and fn. Phi 248. Roo 117. Rus 105, #53.

OVERALL: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, J Solem.
62
Flat Crep Crepidotus applanatus [or near] Flat Crep Crepidotus applanatus [or near]
Inocybaceae
+++ +++ +++ ++- --+
ID: Cap white, shell-like. Gills pinky-brown in age.

Habitat: Clusters. On dead or decaying hardwoods (rarely conifers).
Cap: 0.4 – 1.5” [1 – 4 cm]
White, pinkish-tan/cinnamon-brown in age. Smooth. Moist. Margin
inrolled; striate when fresh. Fibrillose at point of attachment (like white
plug). Flesh (= gill layer) white.
Gills: White; pinky-brown in age. Attached. Radiate from point of
attachment. Crowded/close. Secondary gills.
Spores: Brown/cinnamon-brown.
Stalk: None.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: CASCT, DANPV, HENPV, HOLLO, LONGC, MPENA,
PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, SUKBR, WESRP, WINTR.
Notes: More than 100 species; examine spores for certainty.
References: Bar 220. Lin 636, 494. M&M 286. Phi 243.
OVERALL: Wincopin, 6/17/2009, J Solem.

GILLS: Wincopin, 6/17/2009, J Solem.
63
None Crepidotus crocophyllus [or near] None Crepidotus crocophyllus [or near]
Inocybaceae
----- --- +++ +++ +++ ++- --+
ID: Cap ground color buff w/ dark brown fibrils. Gill color like cap.
Habitat: Scattered, clusters. On debarked hardwood or hardwood (rarely
conifer) litter.
Cap: 0.6 – 2.4” [0.5 – 6 cm]
Variable (buff/yellow/orange ground color). Covered w/ dark brown fibrils.
Dry. Shell-/fan-shaped, broadly convex. Flesh soft, thin.
Gills: Color variable (like cap), becoming brown from spores. Radiate
from point of attachment. Crowded to close. Secondary gills.
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: None.
Locations: MPENA.
References: Bar 221. M&M 285. Phi 243. Roo 18fn. Kuo.
SIDE: MPENA, 9/18/2009, R Solem.

GILLS: MPENA, 9/18/2009, R Solem.
64
Jelly Crep Crepidotus mollis [or near] Jelly Crep Crepidotus mollis [or near]
Inocybaceae
-++ ---
ID: Cap ochracheous-white w/ appressed white/ brownish fibrils.

Habitat: Groups. On decaying hardwood (rarely conifer) bark.
Cap: 0.4–- 3.1” [1 – 8 cm]
Color variable, olive-brown/ochraceous/ochracheous-white. Coated w/
appressed white/brownish fibers. Hygrophanous. Kidney-/fan-/shell-
shaped, somewhat convex/nearly flat. Flesh
(1 mm) w/ gelatinous layer.
Gills: Whitish; becoming cinnamon/grayish-cinnamon. Close to crowded.
Edges entire or fimbriate. Secondary gills.
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: None.
Locations: MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP.
Synonyms: C. fulvotomentosus, C. calolepis.
M&M 285. McK 295, 37. Pac 290. Phi 242. Roo 18.
TOP: Pigtai, 8/17/2009, J Solem.

65
None Cystoderma terreii None Cystoderma terreii
Agaricaceae
--+ --+ --++
ID: Cap rusty-cinnamon w/ mealy scales; convex (flat in age). Gills

w/ partial veil. Stalk club-shaped; ring. Odor unpleasant.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, clusters. Under conifers, occasionally
hardwoods, sometimes on well-rotted wood.
Cap: 1 – 3.5” [3 – 8 cm]
Cinnabar-red to orange/rusty-cinnamon; margin lighter. Covered w/
mealy granular scales. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat In age). Flesh
whitish. Odor unpleasant in age.
Gills: White (at first covered w/ partial veil). Attached (pulling away in
age). Close or crowded.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.4 – 4” x 1/4 – 1/2” [3 – 6 cm x 1 – 1.5 cm]
Whitish/pale cinnamon near apex. Sheathed w/ cinnabar/brown granules
(which may wear away) from base up to ring zone; superior flimsy ring.
Dry. More-or-less club-shaped.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, PIGTL, RKBRP.

Notes: ID based on microscopic examination by R Orr to determine the
presence of cheilocystidia. (Cystoderma terreii has them and
Cystoderma granulosum does not.)
Synonym: Cystoderma cinnabarinum.
References: BBF 116. Lae 96. M&M 110. Phi 40. Roo 32fn. Kuo.
Rog.
GILLS, STALK and RING: Pigtail, 9/25/2009, J Solem.

CAPS and STALKS: Pigtail, 9/25/2009, R Solem.
GILLS, PARTIAL VEILS and STALKS: Pigtail, 9/25/2009, J Solem.
66
Abortive Entoloma Entoloma abortivum Abortive Entoloma Entoloma abortivum
Entalomataceae
--- -+- +-+ +--
ID: Cap and stalk gray. Aborted: chalk-white lumps.

Habitat: Scattered, clusters. On ground or near rotting stumps in mixed
woods. Usually near Armillaria (Honey Mushrooms).
Cap: 2 – 4” [5 – 10 cm]
Pale gray/grayish-brown. Typically convex (sometimes w/ low
umbo)/slightly depressed. Edge inrolled (often irregular in age). Flesh (=
2X gill layer) white.
Aborted Fruiting Bodies: 1 – 2” high x 1 – 4” wide
[2.5 – 5 cm x 2.5 – 10 cm] Chalky white, usually in groups/clusters w/
pink marbling in spongy white inner flesh.
Gills: Grayish (pinkish in age). Typically subdecurrent/decurrent. Close.
Spores: Salmon-pink.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 1/4 – 5/8” [2.5 – 10 cm x 5 – 15 mm]
Whitish/grayish. Dry. Scurfy. Usually enlarged base. Base usually
coated w/ white mycelium. Solid.
Locations: BIGBR, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, RKBRP, SLMLP.

ABORTED FORM: MPENA, 10/1/2009, J Solem. Notes: Do Honey Mushrooms (Armillaria spp.) cause distortions in the
GILLS and STALKS: MPENA, 10/2/2009, J Solem. Entoloma fruiting bodies or vice versa? The former is the traditional view,
but Roody (p 134) mentions a study by mycologist T. J. Volk and others
that it may be the latter (Entoloma causing the change in Armillaria).
Synonym: Clitopilus abortivus.
References: Bar 189. BBF 117, 284. Lin 641, 253, 670. M&M 215.
McK 310, #35. Phi 157. Roo 133. Rus 60, #19.
67
Blue-toothed Entoloma Entoloma serrulatum Saw-toothed Leptonia Entoloma serrulatum
Saw-toothed Leptonia Blue-toothed Entoloma Entalomataceae
--- --- -++ -+-
ID: Cap bluish-black (grayish-purple in age). Gill finely toothed w/

dark blue-black edges. Stalk color like cap. Strong odor.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground or in moss in mixed woods;
sometimes on mossy logs.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.5” [1 – 4 cm]
Dark bluish-black (grayish-purple w/scaly center in age).
Convex/depressed. Flat or raised margin. Strong, unpleasant odor.
Gills: Surface whitish at first, becoming bluish-/pinkish-gray; finely
toothed dark bluish-black edges. Attached/slightly decurrent.
Stalk: 1.5 – 3” x ca. 1/8” [1 – 4 cm x 1.5 – 3 mm]
Bluish-black. Smooth but scurfy at apex. White mycelium at base.
Locations: ROGOR, SUKBR, WESRP.
Synonym: Leptonia serrulata.
References: BBF 190, 299. Lin 644, 101. M&M 212. Roo 123. Kuo.
SIDE: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/19/2009, R Solem. http://www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/gilled%20fungi/species%20pages/Lepton
STALKS and GILLS: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/19/2009, R Solem. ia%20serrulata.htm has photos.
68
Straight-stalked Entoloma Entoloma strictius Straight-stalked Entoloma Entoloma strictius
Entalomataceae
+---- --- --- ---
ID: Cap gray-brown, conical. Gills white, becoming pinkish.

Habitat: Scattered, clusters. On ground or rotting logs in wet areas of
woods.
Cap: 1 – 2” [2.5 – 5 cm]
Grayish-brown. Conical/bell-shaped (flat w/ irregular umbo in age).
Margin lined when moist.
Gills: White, becoming pinkish. Attached/nearly free. Close.
Stalk: 2 – 4” x 1/16 – 1/4” [5 – 10 cm x 1.5 – 5 mm]
Whitish/grayish. Dry. Silky. Twisted longitudinal lines. Base coated w/
white mycelium. Hollow.
Locations: LONGC.
OVERALL: Long Corner, 7/16/2010, R Solem.
STALK and GILLS: Long Corner,7/16/2010, J Solem. Notes:
CAP and STALK: Long Corner, 7/16/2010, J Solem.
Synonyms: E. strictior. Nolanea strictior. Nolanea stricta.. Agaricus
strictior.
References: Lin 646, 274, 670. M&M 214. Kuo.
69
Spring Entoloma Entoloma vernum Spring Entoloma Entoloma vernum
Entalomataceae
-+- --- ---
ID: Brown/tan, conic/bell-shaped; grayish gills; brown stalk.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered, on ground in mixed woods.
Cap: 1 – 2” [2.5 – 5 cm]
Dark brown (tan in age), conic/bell-shaped (more convex in age),
retaining pointed umbo in most specimens. Flesh pale brown.
Gills: Grayish to pinkish-brown, attached, subdistant, broad.
Stalk: 1.5 – 3.1” x 1/8 – 3/8” [4 – 8 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Brown, scurfy-fibrous, base w/ white mycelium.
Locations: PIGTL.
Synonym: Nolanea verna.
References: BBF 215, 303. Lin 646, 282. Roo 278.
70
Velvet Shank Flammulina velutipes Velvet Shank Flammulina velutipes
Physalacriaceae
++ -+- --- +-++ +++ +++
ID: Cap orangish-brown, center darker; sticky/viscid. Stalk velvety,

dark reddish-brown.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On hardwood trees/logs/stumps.
Cap: 0.8 – 2.8” [2 – 7cm]
Orangish-brown/reddish-yellow, center darker. Slimy in wet weather,
very sticky when dry. Smooth. Convex (nearly flat in age). Margin yellow
w/ veil remnants; inrolled at first, grooved in age. Flesh thin, yellowish,
usually watery.
Gills: Yellowish. Attached/notched (subdecurrent in age). Close. Narrow.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 3” x 1/8 – 1/4” [2.5 – 7.5 cm x 3 – 7 mm]
Yellowish and smooth at top; dark reddish-brown and velvety from base
up. Flesh white, leathery and fibrous; stains yellow. Hollow in age.
Frequency: Fairly common (in rainy weather).
Locations: CASCT, GONRA, LKELK, MPENA, MTPLT, RKBRP,
SAVPK, WINTR.
Synonym: Collybia velutipes.
McK 152, 17. Pac 46. Phi 73.
OVERALL: Lake Elkhorn, 11/15/2008, J Solem.

GILLS: Lake Elkhorn, 11/15/2008, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Mt. Pleasant, 11/7/2010, R. Orr
71
Deadly Galerina Galerina marginalis Deadly Galerina Galerina marginalis
Strophariaceae
+---- -+++ ++++
ID: Cap light tan. Stalk brown w/ gray-white fibrils; persistent ring.
White mycelium at base. Distinct odor when cut.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On decaying hardwood/conifer logs
and stumps.
Cap: 1 – 2.5” [2.5 – 6.5 cm]
Light tan and smooth when dry, dark brown and viscid when moist.
Hygrophanous. Convex (w/ or w/o small umbo). Margin inrolled, faintly
striate. Flesh pale yellow/orangish, thick. Distinct odor when cut.
Gills: Pale yellowish-/orange-brown (rusty-brown in age). Attached.
Close. Broad. Secondary gills.
Stalk: 1.1 – 3.5” x 1/8 – 3/8” [3 – 9 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Brown/blackish-brown base color w/ grayish-white fibrils. Dry. Smooth to
slightly pruinose at apex. Persistent membranous superior ring, often
brown on top and white on bottom. Base usually w/ white mycelium.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: CASCT, GONRA, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL,
RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.

Synonym: G. autumnalis.
McK 296, 37. Phi 216. Roo 33. Rus 155, #73.
SIDE: Henryton, 10/26/2009, R Orr.

CAP and GILLS: Wincopin, 11/6/2009, R Orr.
RING, STALK and SUBSTRATE: Gorman Stream Valley NRA,
10/11/2009, R Solem.
72
Little Brown Collybia Gymnopus alkalivirens Little Brown Collybia Gymnopus alkalivirens
Marasmiaceae
--- --- --- -+- --- --- --- ---
ID: Purple-brown (wet)/ reddish-brown (dry). Gills reddish-brown.

Stalk purple-brown. Stains olive-green w/ KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. Decaying wood/leaf litter/among
moss in hardwoods.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.4” [1 – 3.5 cm]
Dark purple-/reddish-brown (moist), red-/yellow-brown (dry).
Hygrophanous and dull. Smooth. Hemispheric (convex/nearly flat in age
w/ low umbo). Margin striate. Flesh white/reddish-brown.
Gills: Reddish-/purple-brown (blackish when dry). Attached/nearly free.
Close.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.1 – 3.1” x 1/16 – 1/8” [3 – 8 cm x 1 – 3 mm]
Dark purple-brown/brown/blackish, often paler at apex w/ matted fibers
at base. Equal/enlarged at base.
Locations: PIGTL.
Synomym: Collybia alkalivirens.
Notes: All parts stain olive-green w/ KOH.
References: BBF 93, 278. Lin 753, 108. Phi 73. Rog.
http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/col/levipeds.html#alkalivirens
73
Oak Collybia Gymnopus dryophilus Oak Collybia Gymnopus dryophilus
Marasmiaceae
--+ -+- --- --- -+- --- --- --+
ID: Cap orangish-brown, very pale in age; convex (flat in age).

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On hardwood/conifer twigs and duff, leaf
litter.
Cap: 0.4 – 3” [1 – 7.5 cm]
Dark reddish-brown/brown, darker center (tan/orangish-brown/very pale
in age). Moist. Smooth. Convex (broadly convex/flat in age), small umbo.
Margin darker, inrolled, veil remnants. Flesh whitish, thin.
Gills: Whitish/pinkish/ (one variety is yellow); orange in age.
Attached/free. Crowded.
Spores: White/creamy/pale yellowish.
Stalk: 0.4 – 3.9” x 1/16 – 1/4” [1 – 10 cm x 2 – 7 mm]
Whitish at top, light buff below; becoming darker. Dry. May be slightly
twisted/flattened. Usually w/ thin, whitish rhizomorphs attached to base.
Locations: BIGBR, DFWMA, MPENA, PIGTL, WESRP.
Notes: Parasitized by Syzygospora mycetophila. (Collybia Jelly; creating
pale, jellylike growths on the stem, gills, and cap).
Synonym: Collybia dryophila.
Lin 755, 80. M&M 178. McK 149, 17. Pac 34. Phi 70. Roo 170.
Rus 35, #8. Kuo. Rog.
TOP (old): Pigtail, 11/21/2009, R Solem.
GILLS, STALKS, BASE w/ RHIZOMORPHS: David Force WMA,
5/20/2009, J Solem.
74
Big Laughing Gym Gymnopilus junonius [group] Big Laughing Gym Gymnopilus junonius [group]
Big Laughing Mushroom Big Laughing Mushroom Strophariaceae
--- --- --- --+
ID: Decaying or buried wood. Smooth ochre-orange caps, thick

stem. Superior ring.
Habitat: Scattered, clustered. Decaying wood or on ground on buried
wood.
Cap: 3 – 7” [7.5 – 18 cm]
Pale yellow-/ochre-orange. Dry. Smooth (scaly in age). Convex (broadly
convex/nearly flat in age). Flesh pale yellow (darker in age). Taste bitter.
Gills: Ochracheous buff (yellow/rusty in age). Attached/ decurrent.
Close. Edges minutely fringed.
Spores: Rusty-brown/rusty-orange.
Stalk: 2 – 7” x 0.4 – 1.1” [5 – 18 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
Colored like cap; often brownish near base. Streaked w/ tiny fibrils.
Tapered upward; base abruptly narrows. Partial veil typically leaves
superior ring.
Locations: RKBRP.
Synonym: Gymnopilus spectabilis.
References: Bar 222. BBF 122, 285. Lin 623, 214. McK 298, 37.
M&M 295. Pac 198. Roo 35fn.
OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/21/2010, R Solem.

GILLS and STALKS: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/21/2010, R Solem.
75
Poison Pie Hebeloma sinapizans Poison Pie Hebeloma sinapizans
Strophariaceae
--- --- --- ++++
ID: Cap cinnamon-tan, sticky-smooth. Odor radish-like.

Habitat: Groups, fairy rings. In grassy areas under hardwoods or
conifers.
Cap: 1.8 – 5.9” [4 – 15 cm]
Cinnamon-tan to darker reddish-brown. Sticky smooth. Convex/broadly
convex (flat in age), low umbo; whitish sheen when young. Cottony
margin. Flesh whitish (5 – 6 mm). Odor radish-like.
Gills: Pale clay color (cinnamon-brown/brown in age). Attached and
often notched. Close; edges minutely ragged in age. Depth 14 mm.
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.1” x 0.2 – 0.4” [4 – 13 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
White to buff (brownish from base upward in age). Scurfy/scaly. Nearly
equal w/ fairly abrupt swollen base. Flesh whitish, thick.
Locations: ANNRK, CENPK, HAMVL.
Notes:
References: BBF 123fn. Lae 67fn. McK 300. Roo 279fn. Kuo.
TOP: Centennial Park, 11/1/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Centennial Park, 11/1/2009, J Solem.
FAIRY RING: Centennial Park, 11/1/2009, J Solem.
76
Leaflike Oyster Hohenbuehelia petaloides Leaflike Oyster Hohenbuehelia petaloides
Pleurotaceae
---- --- -+-
ID: Cap tan/pale brown; fan-/funnel-shaped. Stubby stalk.

Habitat: Solitary, groups, clusters. On wood, woody debris, or mulch.
Cap: 1 – 3” [2.5 – 7.5 cm]
Tan/pale brown/grayish-brown. Minutely hairy to smooth. Fan-
shaped/somewhat funnel-shaped. Flesh white, thin, gelatinous.
Gills: Whitish/grayish. Decurrent to base of stalk. Crowded. Narrow;
minutely fringed edges. Depth = 2X cap flesh. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: Lateral. Whitish, hairy. Short, stubby.
Locations: ROGOR.
References: BBF 125, 286. Lin 760, 433. McK 153, 20.
Roo 20fn.
TOP: Scotts Cove, 9/19/2009, J Solem.

GILLS: Scotts Cove, 9/19/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL: Scotts Cove, 9/19/2009, R Solem.
77
Orange-gilled Waxy Cap Humidicutis marginata Orange-gilled Waxy Cap Humidicutis marginata
Hygrophoraceae
--- +-- --+ ---
ID: Cap and gills orange-yellow. Stalk yellow. Use KOH.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground/moss/leaf litter in mixed forests.
Cap: 0.6 – 1.5” [1.5 – 4 cm]
Orange-yellow (bright orange-/golden-yellow in age). Moist, slightly sticky
when wet. Smooth. Conic (bell-shaped/nearly flat in age). Margin
striated. Flesh yellow, thin. KOH stains cap olive.
Gills: Orange-yellow/yellow. Attached. Distant. Broad. Depth = 4X cap
flesh.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 1/8 – 3/8” [2.5 – 10 cm x 3 – 9 mm]
Pale/orange-yellow; sometimes white at base. Smooth. Moist. Flesh
yellow. Hollow in age.
Locations: HIRIP, RKBRP.
Synonyms: Hygrocybe marginat. Hygrophorus marginatus.
McK 200, #22. Phi 74. Roo 177. Rus 71, #27.

CAPS: High Ridge Park, 9/27/2009, J Solem.
SIDE: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/22/2009, R Solem.
CAP, STEMS and GILLS: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/22/2009, R Solem.
78
Chanterelle Waxy Cap Hygrocybe cantharellus Chanterelle Waxy Cap Hygrocybe cantharellus
Hygrophoraceae
--- --+ --- +--
ID: Red-orange cap; decurrent lighter gills.

Habitat: Groups, clusters. On humus or decaying wood.
Cap: 0.4 – 4.8” [1 – 3.5 cm]
Orange/orange-red/scarlet (paler in age). Convex (flat/ depressed in
age). Dry. Silky/finely roughened. Margin wavy/recurved in age.
Gills: Creamy-/orange yellow. Decurrent. Distant. Broad. Waxy.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 4.8” x 1/8 – 1/4” [2.5 – 12 cm x 2 – 5 mm]
Color of cap or paler. Smooth. Dry. Fragile. Equal/tapers down.
Locations: HAMVL, RIVHL.
OVERALL: Hammond Schools, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
Synonym: Hygrophorus cantharellus.
79
Scarlet Waxy Cap Hygrocybe coccinea Scarlet Waxy Cap Hygrocybe coccinea
Hygrophoraceae
--- --- --- --+ --+
ID: Red-orange cap; decurrent lighter gills.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in coniferous and
hardwood forests.
Cap: 0.8 – 3.1” [2 – 9 cm]
Orange/orange-red/scarlet (paler orange-red in age). Conic (flat/convex
w/ umbo in age). Dry. Smooth. Flesh yellow-orange, thin, fragile.
Gills: Yellowish/red-orange/creamy peach. Attached. Close/subdistant.
Broad. Waxy.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.8 – 3.1” x 1/8 – 3/8” [2 – 8 cm x 2 – 10 mm]
Yellow-orange/orange-red (may be paler downward). Smooth. Dry. Often
w/ white mycelium at base.
Locations: GONRA, HAMVL.
Synonym: Hygrophorus coccineus.
References: Bar 270. BBF 138, 287. Lin 658, 65. McK 198, 22.
M&M 63. Phi 80.
OVERALL: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 10/31/2010, J Solem.

SIDE: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 10/31/2010, J Solem.
CAPS: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 10/31/2010, J Solem.
GILLS: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 10/31/2010, J Solem.
80
Witch’s Hat Hygrocybe conica Witch’s Hat Hygrocybe conica
Hygrophoraceae
+---- --- ---
ID: Cap orange-red, bruises black; conical. Gills and stalk yellow-
orange, bruise black.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in coniferous or mixed forests.
Cap: 0.8 – 3.5” [2 – 9 cm]
Dark orange-red/orange, lighter toward margin, sometimes w/ olive-
green tints. Quickly staining black in age or when bruised. Conical; umbo
w/ point, striations. Flesh like cap, thin, bruises black.
Gills: Light yellow/greenish-orange, waxy; bruise black. Free. Close.
Broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.8 – 4” x 1/8 - 3/8” [2 – 10 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Yellow/yellow-orange, pale near base; bruises black. May be striate.
Equal. Hollow. Fragile.
SIDE: Wincopin, 6/15/2009, R Solem. Locations: WINTR.
CAP: Wincopin, 6/15/2009, J Solem.
Notes:
Synonym: Hygrophorus conicus.
References: Bar 269. BBF 138, 287. Lae 104. Lin 658, 71, 72.
M&M 62. McK 198, #22. Pac 110. Phi 76. Roo 173.
81
Golden Waxy Cap Hygrocybe flavescens Golden Waxy Cap Hygrocybe flavescens
Hygrophoraceae
---- --+ +-- --- --- -++ ++- +++
ID: Cap orange/yellow (fades to pale yellow); viscid; conical,

flattened in age.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground, in moss , or along woodland
trails.
Cap: 0.8 – 2.5” [2 – 6.5 cm]
Orange/yellow (fades to pale yellow). Smooth/viscid, shiny.
Conical/broadly conical (flattened/depressed w/ upturned margin in age).
Flesh thin, white/yellowish.
Gills: Yellow/orange; white edges. Free or nearly. Close/distant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.6 – 2.8” x 0.3 – 0.5” [4 – 7 cm x 8 - 12 mm]
Yellow (center flushed w/ orange). Equal; compressed/ fluted.
OVERALL: Pigtail, 9/28/2009, R Solem. Locations: CASCT, HENPV, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR,
SLMLP, TUFTS, WINTR.
References: Bar 270. BBF 129key. Lin 660, 48. M&M 65.
McK 199, 22. Phi 79. Roo 175.
82
Fading Scarlet Waxy Cap Hygrocybe miniata Fading Scarlet Waxy Cap Hygrocybe miniata
Hygrophoraceae
--- +-- --- --+
ID: Cap, gills, and stalk scarlet.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground, in moss, or on decaying
hardwoods and conifers.
Cap: 0.8 – 1.6” [2 – 4 cm; ours 8 – 12 mm!]
Scarlet (fades to orange/yellow. Smooth [opposite photos finely hairy].
Convex (broadly convex in age). Flesh colored like cap, thin.
Gills: Scarlet (paler orange, yellow/orange-pink in age). Attached,
sometimes slightly decurrent. Distant. Broad (but thin edge).
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 3” [2.5 – 7.5 cm; ours 2 – 3 cm x 2 – 5 mm]
Scarlet (paler orange, yellow, orange-pink in age).
Locations: LONGC, RKBRP.
Synonym: Hygrophurus miniatus.
References: Bar 270. BBF 141-2, 288. Lae 143. Lin 663, 69.
M&M 63. McK 201, 22. Pac 106. Roo 120fn.

SIDE: Long Corner, 8/7/2009, R Solem.
83
Parrot Waxy Cap Hygrocybe psittacina Parrot Waxy Cap Hygrocybe psittacina
Parrot Mushroom Parrot Mushroom Hygrophoraceae
-+- --- --- --+
ID: Cap olive-green at first, soon pinkish-orange; sticky/slimy

(wet), smooth/shiny (dry). Stalk, color like cap.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground under hardwoods or conifers or in
grassy areas.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.2” [1 – 3 cm]
Green/olive-green (amber-/pinkish-orange in age). Sticky/slimy (wet),
smooth/shiny (dry). Broadly conic (broadly convex/flat in age),
sometimes w/ broad umbo. Margin striate, translucent (opaque in age).
Flesh thin.
Gills: Yellow-orange/greenish/reddish, waxy. Attached. Subdistant.
Depth = 4X cap flesh. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.2 – 2.8” [3 – 7 cm]
Green (amber-orange/yellowish-white/pinkish in age). Equal. Hollow.
Locations: PIGTL, TUFTS.
Notes: At least 5 varieties distinguished by color/odor (BBF).
Synonym: Hygrophorus psittacinus.
McK 202, #22. Pac 108.
OVERALL: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, R Solem.

CAPS, GILLS and STALKS: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, R Solem.
84
Bitter Waxy Cap Hygrocybe mucronella Bitter Waxy Cap Hygrocybe mucronella
Hygrophoraceae
--- --- --- --+
ID: Cap and stalk, bright orange-red. Taste bitter.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in moss under conifers.
Cap: 0.5 – 1.2” [1.3 – 3.2 cm]
Bright orange-red, lighter toward margin (chrome yellow in age). Smooth,
sticky. Margin slightly translucent-striate. Convex (broadly convex in
age). Flesh thin, reddish-orange. Taste bitter.
Gills: Whitish (yellow/yellowish-orange in age). Attached. Subdistant.
Broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 2.5” x 1/16 – 1/4” [2.5 – 6.3 cm x 2 – 7 mm]
Colored like cap or paler; often translucent. Smooth. Sticky. Nearly
equal.
Locations: PIGTL.
Synonyms: Hygrocybe reai, Hygrophorus reai.
References: BBF 144, 289. Phi 80. Rog.
SIDE: Pigtail, 10/23/2009, R Orr.
85
Snow White Waxy Cap Hygrocybe virginea [complex] Snow White Waxy Cap Hygrocybe virginea
Hygrocybe virginea var virginea
Hygrophoraceae
--- --- --- ++++
ID: Off-white cap; thick and waxy gills.

Habitat: Solitary, small groups. On ground in coniferous and mixed
forests.
Cap: 0.4 – 2.8” [1 – 7 cm]
Off-white. Convex (broadly convex/flat to shallow central depression w/
uplifted margin in age). Moist/greasy. Smooth. Flesh white.
Gills: Whitish. Subdecurrent. Distant. Thick and waxy.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.8 – 3.5” x 0.4” [2 – 9 cm x 1 cm]
Whitish. Dry. Smooth/finely hairy. Often tapers down.
Locations: BIGBR, LONGC, PIGTL, RKBRP.

Synonyms: Hygrophorus niveus. Hygrophorus virgineus. Hygrocybe
borealis. Hygrocybe nivea. Camarophyllus borealis.
References: Bar 272. BBF 129. M&M 64fn. Phi 76. Roo 119fn. Kuo.
Rog.
CAPS: Pigtail, 10/9/2010, J Solem.

86
Nested Waxy Cap Hygrophorus nitidus [or near] Nested Waxy Cap Hygrophorus nitidus [or near]
Hygrophoraceae
---- --- -++ --- ---
ID: Cap apricot; convex (depressed in age). Gills pale yellow.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in moss under hardwoods.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.6” [1 – 4 cm]
Apricot/yellow/orange. Smooth w/ small concentric rings. Convex
(flat/slightly depressed in age). Margin inrolled. Flesh (1 – 2 mm)
yellowish, soft.
Gills: Pale yellow, waxy. Decurrent; subdistant. Depth
1 – 2 mm. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.2 – 3.1” x 1/8 – 1/4” [3 – 8 cm x 2 – 5 mm]
Color like cap. Dry. Smooth. Equal. Hollow.
Locations: MPENA.
Synonym: Hygrocybe nitidus.
References: Bar 272. BBF 129key. M&M 64.
OVERALL: MPENA, 9/18/2009, B. Ott.

CAPS and GILLS: MPENA, 9/22/2009, J Solem.
SIDE (old): MPENA, 9/22/2009, J Solem.
87
False Chanterelle Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca False Chanterelle Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca
Hygrophoropsidaceae
+-+ --+ --- ---
ID: Cap orange, darker at center; funnel-shaped in age; margin

inrolled.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On wood, needles, duff, or other
conifer debris; also found on hardwood debris.
Cap: 0.8 – 3” [2 – 7.5 cm]
Orange overall, sometimes yellow/orange brown, darker at center.
Dry/slightly moist; minutely velvety/rather smooth. Flat-topped (funnel-
shaped in age). Margin inrolled (may remain so). Flesh orangish.
Fertile Surface: Pale orangish-yellow/deep orange. Decurrent, narrow
but typically w/ thickened blunt edges; regularly forked. Close/almost
crowded.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 0.2 – 0.8” [2.5 – 10 cm x 6 – 20 mm]
Central/off-center/almost lateral. Orange overall; usually finely hairy. Dry.
Curved, tapers up from base. Flesh orangish; fairly tough.
Locations: LONGC, MPENA, ROGOR, WESRP.

OVERALL: Long Corner, 9/29/2009, J Solem. Notes: No rose-apricot fragrance detected. McKnight includes
SIDE (old): MPENA, 8/2/2009, R Solem. hardwoods for habitat.
McK 154, 16. Phi 87. Roo 138. Rus 73, 28.
88
None Hypholoma capnoides None Hypholoma capnoides
Strophariaceae
+-- --- ++- --- ---
ID: Cap yellow-orange; convex.

Habitat: Scattered, clusters. On conifer logs/stumps.
Cap: 1 – 2.8” [2.5 – 7 cm]
Yellow-orange/reddish-orange/orange-cinnamon. Dry/ moist (greasy, not
sticky). Convex/broadly convex. Margin typically w/ white veil remnants.
Flesh white.
Gills: Whitish/grayish (purple-brown in age). Attached. Close.
Spores: Purple-brown/purple.
Stalk: 2 – 4” x 1/8 – 3/8” [5 – 10 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Whitish/yellow (rusty brown from base upward in age). Fibrillose.
Cylindrical/tapered upward. Partial veil usually leaves annular zone.
Hollow in age.
Locations: RKBRP, WINTR.
Synonym: Naematoloma capnoides.
References: Bar 202. BBF 147key. Lae 86. Lin 708, 62. M&M 245.
McK 268, 33. Pac 213. Phi 216. Roo 157fn.
OVERALL: Beaverbrook, 9/10/2008, R Orr.

GILLS and CAP: Wincopin, 10/5/2009, J Solem.
89
Sulphur Tuft Hypholoma fasciculare Sulphur Tuft Hypholoma fasciculare
Strophariaceae
+-- -+- --- --+ --+ -++ ++-
ID: Cap sulphur-yellow; convex, flat in age.

Habitat: Dense clusters. On logs and stumps (mostly conifers) or on
ground nearby.
Cap: 0.8 – 3.1” [2 – 8 cm]
Orange-yellow/sulphur-yellow/greenish-yellow (brownish in age). Smooth
(may be slippery when wet). Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat in age),
often w/ umbo. Margin inrolled at first; may have veil remnants. Flesh
pale yellow, moderately thick, stains brownish. Taste bitter (immediately
spit out!).
Gills: Yellow/greenish-yellow, then grayish; tinged olive or purple-brown
in age. Attached. Crowded. Thin. Secondary gills.
Spores: Purple-brown.
Stalk: 2 – 4.8” x 1/8 – 3/8” [5 – 12 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Off-center. Pale yellow/yellow; fulvous from base upward in age.
Fibrillose. Cylindrical/tapered either way; may be round or compressed;
somewhat twisted. Partial veil usually leaves annular zone. Hollow.
Locations: CASCT, GONRA, HIRIP, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP,
SAVPK, SLMLP, WESRP.
OVERALL: High Ridge Park, 11/20/2009, R Solem.
GILLS and STALKS: Schooley Mill Park, 5/8/2009, J Solem.
SIDE: MPENA, 9/22/2009, J Solem.
Notes:
BBF says both habitats, Bar conifers only.
Synonym: Naematoloma fasciculare.
McK 269, 33. Pac 214. Phi 216. Roo 157.
90
Brick Top Hypholoma lateritium
Brick Top Hypholoma lateritium
Strophariaceae
--- --- ++- +++
ID: Cap brick-red/rusty-brown w/ yellowish fibrils.

Habitat: Scattered, clusters. On hardwood stumps/logs.
Cap: 1 – 4” [2.5 – 10 cm)
Brick-red w/scattered yellowish fibrils; yellow-orange near margin.
Moist/dry. Smooth. Convex (broadly convex/ nearly flat in age). Margin
inrolled; may have veil patches. Flesh dull yellow/pale yellowish-
brown/white, thick, firm.
Gills: Whitish/pale greenish-yellow (purplish-gray/
purple-brown in age). Attached (or contact stalk but not attached). Close.
Narrow.
Spores: Purple/black.
Stalk: 2 – 4” x 0.2 – 0.6” [5 – 10 cm x 6 – 15 mm]
Pale yellow/whitish above ring, dull brown/grayish below, covered w/
reddish-brown fibrils. Cylindrical. Partial veil leaves sparse ring/annular
zone, may have thin, fibrillose ring. Hollow.
Locations: CASCT, CENPK, HIRIP, RKBRP, SLMLP, WINTR.
Notes: May grow on exposed roots of trees blown over. Also see
Hypholoma fasciculare.
Synonyms: Hypholoma sublateritium. Naematoloma sublateritium.
References: Bar 201. BBF 148, 290. Lae 87. M&M 245. McK 270, 33.
Pac 213fn. Phi 216. Roo 208. Rus 193, 92.
CAPS: Wincopin, 10/10/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and CAPS: Wincopin, 10/10/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL: High Ridge Park, 11/24/2008, J Solem.
91
None Inocybe atripes [or near] None Inocybe atripes [or near]
Cortinariaceae
--- --- --- --- --+
ID: Mixed woods. Brown (fades); conic; fibrillose/ scaly; stem

brown from base up.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in mixed woods.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.5” [1.5 – 3.5 cm]
Tawny-olive/brown (tawny in age). Broadly conic. Fibrillose to scaly.
Flesh white.
Gills: Pale (tawny in age). Attached.
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 1.1 – 2.4” x 1/8 – 1/2” [3 – 6 cm x 3 – 8 mm]
Pale, brown from base up, pruinose/slightly fibrillose. Dry.
Locations: RKBRP.
References: Phi 210.
CAP: Rockburn Branch Park, 11/23/2010, J Solem.
OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park, 11/23/2010, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Rockburn BranchPark, 11/23/2010, J Solem.
.
92
None Inocybe lacera [or near] None Inocybe lacera [or near]
Inocybaceae
--- ------ --- --+ --- --- ---
ID:. Shaggy dull brown cap and stalk.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. Sandy soil under conifers/ mixed woods.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.5” [1 – 4 cm]
Dull brown (tawny in age). Fibrillose to scaly. Margin often ragged/torn.
Flesh whitish.
Gills: Whitish (grayish-brown in age). Attached/notched.
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 1.1 – 2.4” x 1/8 – 1/2” [3 – 6 cm x 3 – 6 mm]
Grayish-brown, fibrillose. Dry.
Locations: BIGBR.
References: BBF 150, 291. Lin 630, 315. M&M 303.
SIDE: Big Branch, 7/27/2010, R Solem.

GILLS: Big Branch, 7/27/2010, J Solem.
93
Changeable Pholiota Kuehneromyces mutabilis Changeable Pholiota Kuehneromyces mutabilis
Strophariaceae
--- -+- +--
ID: Cap reddish-brown/ tawny, sticky smooth; convex (flat w/

umbo in age). Stalk off-white w/ downcurled scales below ring.
Brown color of cap rubs off on fingers. Odor unpleasant.
Habitat: Clusters. On logs or stumps of hardwoods or conifers.
Cap: 0.6 – 2.4 ” [1.5 – 6 cm]
Reddish-brown to tawny; dries to ochre/yellowish-buff. Moist/sticky,
smooth; brown color rubs off on fingers. Conical; convex (flat w/ umbo in
age). Inrolled margin. Flesh white, soft, thin. Odor unpleasant.
Gills: Warm buff (cinnamon in age). Attached/slightly decurrent. Close.
Medium/broad.
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 2 – 4” x 1/16 – 5/8” [5 – 10 cm x 1.5 – 15 mm]
Off-white/brownish. Dry. Silky above ring remnants, downcurled scales
below. Equal. Hollow.
Locations: BIGBR, MPENA.
Synonym: Pholiota mutabilis.
References: Bar 218. BBF 226key. Lin 715, 227. M&M 263.
McK 272, 33. Pac 196. Phi 203. Roo 39.
CAP and GILLS: Big Branch, 11/3/2009, R Orr.

GILLS and CAP: Big Branch, 11/3/2009, R Solem.
SIDE: Big Branch 11/3/2009, R Solem.
CAPS: Big Branch 11/3/2009, J Solem.
CAPS: MPENA 10/14/2009, J Solem.
CAPS: Big Branch 11/3/2009, J Solem.
94
Deceiver Laccaria laccata Deceiver Laccaria laccata
Common Laccaria Common Lacaria Hydnangiaceae
+-++ -++ +-- ++- +++ ++- ++++
ID: Cap orange/red-brown; convex (slightly depressed in age).

Gills pinkish/ flesh color. Stalk often twisted/flattened.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, small clusters. On ground in wide variety of
habitats (mown grass, mixed woods, in moss under pines).
Cap: 0.4 – 2.2” [1 – 6 cm]
Orange to red-brown (pale tan in age), fading in sunlight. Finely
fibrillose/smooth, usually breaks up early into minute, very soft upturned
scales. Dry. Convex/broadly convex, slightly depressed. Margin
translucent/grooved (or not) w/ partial veil remnants. Flesh color like cap.
Thin (1 mm).
Gills: Pinkish/flesh color (sometimes purplish in age); slightly waxy.
Attached/notched/subdecurrent/decurrent. Close to distant. Broad. Thick
to thin.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.6 – 4” x 1/8 – 3/8” [1.5 – 10 cm x 3 –10 mm]
Orangish/red-brown (buff in age). Fibrous. Longitudinally grooved (or
not); often twisted/flattened. Sometimes tapered upward or w/ slight bulb.
Base whitish and hairy.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: ANNRK, BIGBR, BRNBR, DFWMA, HIRIP, HOUO, LONGC,
MCLUR, NOLAP, PIGTL, RIVHL, RKBRP, SAVPK.
M&M 108. McK 156, 18. Pac 76. Phi 69. Roo 181fn. Rus 74, 29.

CAPS: River Hill, 11/14/2008, S Earp.
OVERALL: River Hill, 11/14/2008, J Solem.
CAP: David Force WMA, 5/20/2009, J Solem.
GILLS: David Force WMA, 5/20/2009, J Solem.
95
Purple-gilled Laccaria Laccaria ochropurpurea Purple-gilled Laccaria Laccaria ochropurpurea
Hydnangiaceae
--- +++ --- +---+
ID: Cap light violet-brown/purple (buff in age); finely fibrous,

(slightly scaly in age or not); convex (slightly depressed in age).
Gills violet/violet-gray. Stalk w/ striations/scales.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, rarely clusters of 2 – 4. On ground in
coniferous or mixed woods (especially oak-pine).
Cap: 2 – 5” [5 – 12.5 cm]
Purple/light violet-brown/pinkish-buff (buff in age). Nearly smooth/finely
fibrous (occasionally slightly scaly in age). Convex (slightly depressed in
age). Flesh white/violet-buff.
Gills: Dark purple/violet/violet-gray. Attached/somewhat decurrent.
Close/subdistant. Thick and waxy.
Spores: White/pale-violet.
Stalk: 0.6 – 1.2” [1.5 – 3.5 cm]
Ground color light-brown/pinkish-buff (buff in age). Brownish/reddish-
brown longitudinal striations/scales. Sometimes enlarged base.
Locations: HOUOS, LONGC, PIGTL.

References: Bar 300. BBF 258. Lin 762, 254, 336. M&M 106. Phi 68.
Roo 249. Rus 76, #30.

GILLS, CAP and STALK: Long Corner, 8/7/2009, J Solem.
96
None Laccaria tortilis None Laccaria tortilis
Hydnangiaceae
++--- --- ---
ID: Cap pinkish-brown; striate, margin undulate. Gills pale pink.

Stalk color of cap.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On sandy or bare soil in damp woods in
floodplain, often on banks of streams or ponds.
Cap: 1.5 – 2.8” [0.5 – 1.5 cm]
Pale pinkish-brown/more reddish. Dry. Scurfy. Depressed/almost funnel-
shaped. Margin flesh-pink, undulate, striate when wet. Flesh = gill layer.
Gills: Pale pink; waxy. Attached. Broad. Distant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.2 – 0.6” x 1/32 – 3/32” [4 – 14 mm x 1 – 2 mm] Color of cap.
Base covered w/ white mycelium. Hollow.
References: Bar 278 [color not true]. Rog.
http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/botany/
botany_sites/fungi/species/L.tortilis/mushroom.html.

97
Velvety Psathyrella Lacrymaria lacrymabunda Velvety Psathyrella Lacrymaria lacrymabunda
Psathyrellaceae
+---- --- --- -+- ---
ID: Cap orange-brown w/ dense, tiny silky fibrils; margin w/ veil

remnants; hemispheric/curved (flat in age). Stalk w/ yellowish-
brown fibrils below annular zone, whitish above.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, clusters. On ground in grassy or open wooded
areas.
Cap: 0.8 – 4.8” [2 – 12 cm]
Orange-/dark-brown. Surface covered w/ dense layer of tiny, silky fibers.
Hemispheric/convex (convex to finally flat in age). Margin w/ veil
remnants.
Gills: Purple-/dark-brown, edges white. Attached. Close.
Spores: Brownish-black.
Stalk: 1.1 – 4.8” x 1/8 – 5/8” [3 – 12 cm x 3 – 16 mm]
Yellowish-brown. Smooth and whitish above ring (if present). Dull
orange-brown fibers/scales below.
Locations: HIRIP, PIGTL.
Synonyms: Psathyrella velutina. Hypholoma velutinum. Lacrimaria
SIDE: High Ridge Park, 9/12/2009, J Solem. velutina.
GILLS: High Ridge, 9/12/2009, J Solem. References: BBF 239, 307. Lin 609, 99. M&M 239. McK 285, 35.
GILLS, PARTIAL VEIL and STALKS: Pigtail, 5/13/2010, J Solem.. Pac 220. Phi 232. Roo 203. Rus 52, #14.
98
Fragrant Lactarius Lactarius camphoratus Fragrant Lactarius Lactarius camphoratus
Aromatic Milky Aromatic Milky Russulaceae
+ +-+ --- ---
ID: Small reddish-brown cap, often somewhat depressed. Latex

watery-white. White mycelium. Use KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. Wet ground in mixed forests.
Cap: Dark reddish-brown (sometimes rusty-brown in age). Convex w/
umbo (broadly convex/slightly depressed in age). Smooth (usually).
Flesh cinnamon/whitish, brittle. Latex white or watery-white (does not
stain). Odor of maple sugar (sometimes). Taste slightly bitter. KOH
stains cap olive.
Gills: Whitish/pale pink (reddish in age). Attached/slightly decurrent.
Close/crowded.
Spores: White/off-white.
Stalk: 1.2 – 3.9” x 0.4” [1.5 – 6 cm x 1 cm]
Colored like cap. Equal. Smooth or white hairs at base.
Locations: PIGTL, RKBRP.
References: BBF 163key. Lin 681, 295. M&M 92. Roo 84. Rog. Kuo.
OVERALL: Pigtail, 7/27/2010, J Solem.

GILLS (w/ latex): Pigtail, 8/29/2010, R Orr.
TOP: Pigtail, 8/29/2010, R Orr.
99
None Lactarius chelidonium None Lactarius chelidonium
Russulaceae
--- +-+ ----+
ID:. Yellow; soon funnel-shaped; Latex white, soon yellow.

Habitat: Scattered. Under pines.
Cap: 1.8 – 3.5” [3 – 9 cm]
Pale yellowish-cinnamon (nearly white in age). Convex (depressed, then
funnel-shaped in age). Moist, but soon dry. Margin incurved at first. Latex
copious, white, quickly changes to yellow.
Gills: Whitish/pale orange-buff. Attached/slightly decurrent. Narrow.
Close.
Spores: Pale yellow.
Stalk: 1.1 – 3.1” x 3/8 – 3/4” [3 – 8 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Whitish (orange-buff in age). Smooth. Hollow. Sometimes w/ stiff hairs at
base.
Notes: Photos of Lactarius chelidonium var. cheldonium.

References: BBF 160key. BHB 160, 65. M&M 88fn. Phi 102.
OVERALL, GILLS and LATEX: Rockburn Branch Park,

8/25/2010, R Orr.
GILLS, LATEX and STALK: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
100
None Lactarius chrysorrheus None Lactarius chrysorrheus
Russulaceae
---- -+- ++- --- ---
ID: Cap pale pink; convex (funnel-shaped in age). Latex white and
copious, immediately yellows.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, clusters. On ground under hardwoods (often
oak).
Cap: 1.2 – 3.9” [3 – 10 cm]
Pale pinkish/pale cinnamon. Smooth/finely roughened, often w/ vague
concentric rings. Moist or dry. Broadly convex w/ inrolled margin
(shallowly depressed/funnel-shaped in age). Latex copious, white and
immediately yellows. Flesh white, yellow when cut.
Gills: Whitish/pale yellowish; bruise brownish. Attached/ slightly
decurrent. Close. Secondary gills.
Spores: Yellowish.
Stalk: 1.2 – 3.2” x 0.4 – 0.8” [3 – 8 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Whitish. Dry. More or less equal. Flesh white; yellows when cut. Solid;
stuffed in age?
CAPS (w/latex): High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, R Solem. Locations: HIRIP, LONGC, NOLAP, PIGTL.
CUT SURFACE: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, J Solem.
GILLS w/ LATEX and STALKS: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, J Solem.
Notes:
References: Bin 133. BBF 157key. M&M 91. Phi 115. Russula Kuo.
101
Corrugated-cap Milky Lactarius corrugis Corrigated-cap Milky Lactarius corrugis
Russulaceae
+-- --- -+- +++ ---
ID: Cap reddish-brown w/ concentric rings; convex (flat in age).

Latex white and sticky, stains tawny brown. Fishy odor.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground or in moss in hardwood or mixed
forests.
Cap: 1.5 – 7.8” [4 – 20 cm]
Reddish-/vinaceous-brown, paler or orange-brown margin, (often w/
white bloom). Dry. Surface velvety. Convex (nearly flat w/ depressed
center in age). Margin often wrinkled/finely corrugated. Flesh white,
stains brown. Latex white, copious and sticky; stains gills/flesh tawny
brown. Odor fishy in age.
Gills: Pale cinnamon-/golden-brown; stains darker. Attached. Close;
occasionally forked. Depth = 2X cap flesh.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 4.4” x 0.6 – 1.1” [5 – 11 cm x 1.5 – 3 cm]
Pale grayish-cinnamon/pale pinkish-cinnamon, sometimes w/ whitish
bloom. Dry. Velvety. Equal. Solid.
SIDE: Pigtail, 8/17/2009, R Solem. Frequency: Occasional.
GILLS, LATEX and STALK: Pigtail, 9/7/2009, R Solem.
Locations: LONGC, NOLAP, PIGTL.
CUT SURFACE: Pigtail, 8/17/2009, J Solem.
TOP: Pigtail, 8/17/2008, J Solem. Synonym: L. volemus var. subrugosus.
References: Bar 306. BBF 168, 293. Lae 52fn. Lin 682, 293.
McK 329, 40. Pac 127fn. Phi 107. Roo 86. Rus 77, #31. Rog.
102
Deceptive Milky Lactarius deceptivus Deceptive Milky Lactarius deceptivus
Russulaceae
--- +-- --- --- ---
ID: Cap whitish w/ yellowish/brownish stains; convex (broadly

funnel-shaped in age). Latex stays white but stains brownish.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in mixed forests (often
oak-hemlock).
Cap: 3 – 10” [7.5 – 25.5 cm]
Whitish, often w/ yellowish/brownish stains (dull brownish-ochre in age).
Convex (broadly funnel-shaped in age). Margin distinctly inrolled and
cottony when young. Flesh white, thick. Latex white, unchanging, but
stains tissues brownish.
Gills: White (cream/pale ochre in age). Attached. Close/ subdistant.
Spores: White/pale ochre-buff.
Stalk: 1.5 – 4” x up to 1.1” [4 – 10 cm x 3 cm]
White. Stains brownish in age. Dry. Scurfy/nearly smooth. Stuffed.
Locations: HIRIP.
References: BBF 169, 294. Bin 139. Lin 683, 248. M&M 97.
McK 329, 41. Pac 133fn. Phi 110. Roo 88.
GILLS, LATEX, and STALKS: High Ridge Park, 7/3/2009, J Solem.
103
False Saffron Milkcap Lactarius deterrimus False Saffron Milkcap Lactarius deterrimus
Spruce Saffron Lactarius Spruce Saffron Lactarius Russulaceae
--- --- --- -+-
ID: Cap yellow-gold, zoned w/ bands of rusty-orange; slippery

(wet); convex (funnel-shaped in age). Latex orange, slowly stains
yellow-orange, then blue-green, finally grayish-green.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in coniferous forests.
Cap: 1.1 – 5.1” [3 – 13 cm]
Yellow-gold/pinkish-orange/carrot orange, zoned w/ bands of rusty-
orange; pale white/orange in center w/ greenish spots in age. Smooth,
slippery when wet. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat/funnel-shaped in
age). Margin inrolled and powdery (uplifted in age). Flesh whitish/pale
yellowish-orange, stains green, then grayish/grayish-brown. Latex
orange, slowly staining yellow-orange, then blue/green, then grayish-
green.
Gills: Yellow-gold/pinkish-orange/carrot-orange (pale salmon-
buff in age); stains blue/green/gray-green. Attached/slightly decurrent.
Narrow. Close.
Spores: Cream/whitish.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3” x 0.6 – 1.1” [4 – 7.5 cm x 1.5 – 3 cm]
Colored like cap, whitish at base (often w/ green/blue spots/stains in
age). Dry. Smooth. Cylindrical/ tapered at base. Stuffed (hollow in age).
Locations: BRNBR.
References: BBF 170, 293. Lae 46fn. Roo 89.
GILLS and STALK: Browns Bridge,10/16/2008, J Solem.
TOP: Browns Bridge,10/16/2008, J Solem.
SIDE: Browns Bridge,10/16/2008, J Solem.
104
Gerard’s Milky Lactarius gerardii Gerard’s Milky Lactarius gerardii
Russulaceae
--- --+ -+- ---
ID: Cap purple-brown, dry, velvety; convex (flat in age). White

flesh turns pinkish-orange. Latex stays white.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood (often
oak)/coniferous forests.
Cap: 1.2 – 5.1” [3 – 13 cm]
Brown/yellow-brown/tan. Dry. Velvety. Convex (broadly convex/flat in
age). Margin uplifted/wavy in age. Flesh white; pinky-orange when cut.
Latex white, unchanging.
Gills: Whitish/cream. Close. (Attached slightly, distant, and broad in
age). Depth 4 mm (= cap flesh). Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.4 – 3.1” x 04 – 0.8” [3.5 – 8 cm x 8 – 20 mm]
Dark-/yellow-brown. Dry. Velvety. Equal (or tapers up) w/ abruptly
tapered base. Stuffed (hollow in age).
OVERALL: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, J Solem. Locations: LONGC, PIGTL.
GILLS w/ LATEX: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, R Solem.
CAP: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, J Solem. References: BBF 170, 293. Bin 141. Lin 684, 362. M&M 96fn.
Phi 104. Roo 90. Rog.
105
Gray-brown Lactarius Lactarius griseus Gray-brown Lactarius Lactarius griseus
Russulaceae
--- --+ --- ---
ID: Cap dark brown; convex/nearly flat, small umbo. Base coated
w/ mycelium. Latex white and scant, dries yellowish.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. In moss or on well-decayed wood.
Cap: 0.6 – 2” [1.5 – 5 cm]
Dark brown-/gray-purple (paler purple-/red-brown on
disc, purplish-/reddish-buff on margin in age). Convex/ nearly flat w/
depressed center and small pointed umbo. Margin inrolled (expanded
and uplifted in age). Flesh white/yellow. Latex white and scant, drying to
yellowish.
Gills: Whitish (pinkish/purplish-buff in age). Decurrent. Broad.
Close/subdistant.
Spores: Yellowish.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2.5” x 1/8 – 3/8” [2 – 6.5 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Colored like gills at apex, purplish below (pale rosy-brown in age). Dry.
Equal. Base coated w/ mycelium. Hollow.
Locations: ROGOR.
Synonym: L. glabripes.
References: Bar 307. BBF 171, 294. M&M 99. Phi 121. Roo 91.
CAPS: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 8/24/2009, J Solem.

GILLS: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 8/24/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and STALKS (w/ mycelium): Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 8/24/2009, R Solem.
106
Buff Fishy Milky Lactarius luteolus Buff Fishy Milky Lactarius luteolus
Russulaceae
--+ --- --+ --- ---
ID: Cap whitish-buff; convex. Stalk fuzzy/velvety, stains brown.

Latex white and copious, stains gills brown. Unpleasant/fishy odor
in age.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. In hardwood/mixed forests.
Cap: 1 – 3.1” [2.5 – 8 cm]
Whitish/buff w/ white bloom (brownish in age). Dry. Velvety. Convex/flat
(often shallowly depressed in age). Flesh white, stains brown. Latex
copious, white, stains gills brown. Odor not distinctive when young,
fishy/unpleasant in age.
Gills: Whitish-cream; stains yellow-brown/brown. Attached/slightly
decurrent. Close. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 2.4” [2.5 – 6 cm]
Whitish-buff. Stains brown. Dry. Fuzzy-velvety. Nearly equal/ tapers
down. Stuffed (hollow in age).
CAP: High Ridge Park, 6/21/2009, J Solem. Locations: HIRIP, PIGTL.
GILLS, LATEX and CAP: High Ridge Park, 6/21/2009, R Solem.
References: BBF 173, 294. Bin 147. Lin 687, 250. Roo 95. Rog.
107
None Lactarius mutabilis None Lactarius mutabilis
Russulaceae
-+- --- --- +--
ID: Cap reddish-brown; concentric sticky zones (wet), smooth

(dry); hemispheric (expanded in age). Stalk color of cap. Watery
white latex unchanging.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in coniferous/mixed forests.
Cap: 1.2 – 3.1” [3 – 8 cm]
Dark-/walnut-/reddish-brown w/concentric bands/zones. Slightly sticky
(wet)/smooth (dry). Almost hemispheric (convex/slightly
depressed/expanded in age). Latex watery-white, unchanging.
Gills: Whitish; tinged yellowish/stained dingy red.
Attached/subdecurrent. Close. Narrow/medium.
Spores: Creamy/whitish/yellowish.
Stalk: 1.2 – 3.1” x 0.5 – 0.8” [3 – 8 cm x 6 – 10 mm]
Color of cap. Dry. Smooth. Stuffed.
Locations: HIRIP, LONGC.
Note: June specimen was smaller.
References: BBF 157key. Rog.

GILLS w/ LATEX: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, J Solem.
108
Eyespot Milky Lactarius oculatus Eyespot Milky Lactarius oculatus
Russulaceae
--- --+ --- ---
ID: Reddish-brown cap; watery latex.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in pines.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.8” [1 – 4.5 cm]
Orange-/dark reddish-brown, margin paler (fades in age but umbo
remains darker, an “eyespot”). Broadly convex (flat w/ depressed center
and small umbo). Sticky (shiny when dry). Latex watery, unchanging.
Gills: Cream/pinkish buff (stain darker in age). Attached. Close.
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.8” x 1/8 – 3/8” [2 – 4.5 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Pinkish-brown/pinkish-orange. Equal. Moist. Hollow.
Locations: RKBRP.
References: BBF 174, 295. BHB 212, 100. M&M 100. Phi 122.
OVERAll: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, R Orr.

GILLS and LATEX: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
109
Peppery Milkcap Lactarius piperatus Peppery Milkcap Lactarius piperatus
Peppery Milky Peppery Milky Russulaceae
-+-- +++ --- -+- ---
ID: Cap buff; convex/flat (funnel-shaped in age). Stalk white. Latex

white/cream, may dry brownish. Pronounced odor, acrid taste.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood or mixed forests.
Cap: 2 – 4.7” [5 – 12 cm]
Buff/pinkish tan. Often zonate, smooth. Convex/flat/ funnel-shaped.
Margin inrolled, hairy (smooth/wrinkled
in age). Flesh white/pinkish tan. Latex white/cream; unchanging or may
dry pale green/brownish. Taste acrid. Pronounced odor.
Gills: White/cream tinged w/ pink; bruise brown. Decurrent. Close/very
crowded. Narrow, often forked.
Spores: Cream/white.
Stalk: Up to 2.8” x 1.2” [7 cm x 3 cm]
White/flesh-colored. Dry. Smooth. Solid.
Locations: BIGBR, HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP.

Notes: Bitter acrid taste grows stronger. Do not swallow!
References: Bar 309. Bin 153. BBF160key. Lae 43. M&M 97. McK
333, 41. Pac 121. Phi 109. Rus 79, 33. Kuo. Rog. http://www.first-
nature.com/fungi/id_guide/ russulaceae/lactarious_piperatus.htm

GILLS, LATEX and STEM: Pigtail, 6/30/2009, R Solem.
110
None Lactarius quietus None Lactarius quietus
Russulaceae
--+ --- ---
ID: Purplish-brown. Latex white/ watery. Use KOH.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground among oaks.
Cap: 1.2 – 4.4 [3 – 11 cm]
Dark purplish-brown/purplish-gray (dark red-brown in center, paler
margin in age). Broadly convex (flat w/ depressed center in age). Cap w/
white fibrils (smooth in age). Odor of burnt sugar (or not). Latex white
when young, watery in age. Cap stains pale brown w/ KOH.
Gills: White/whitish w/ pink tints (stain orange-cinnamon in age).
Attached. Narrow. Close.
Spores: Pinkish-buff.
OVERALL: Pigtail, 8/31/2010, R Orr.
Stalk: 1.1 – 5.5” x 1/4 – 3/8” [4 – 14 cm x 5 – 10 mm]
Covered w/ white fibrils (smooth and color of cap in age, darkening
toward top). Equal or base slightly enlarged. Solid becoming hollow.
Locations: PIGTL.
Note: Photo of L. quietus var incanus.
References: Bin 155. BBF 176, 295. BHB 230, 112-3. Roo 101.
111
Sulphur-milk Lactarius Lactarius theiogalus Sulphur-milk Lactarius Lactarius theiogalus
Russulaceae
+-- --- --- --- --++
ID: Cap cinnamon/orange; convex, funnel-shaped in age. Base

coated w/ mycelium. Latex white, may dry yellowish.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. Wet ground in leaf liter or in moss in mixed
woods.
Cap: 0.8 – 2.8” [2 – 7 cm]
Cinnamon to orange-/reddish-brown. Surface smooth. Convex (flat to
funnel-shaped in age). Margin inrolled. Flesh white (yellow from latex).
Latex white, may dry yellowish, becomes bitter tasting.
Gills: Pinkish-cinnamon (darker in age). Attached/decurrent.
Close/subdistant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 2” x 1/4 – 3/8” [2 – 6.5 cm x 6 – 10 mm]
Colored like cap or paler. Smooth. Equal/swollen at base. Base coated
w/ mycelium. Hollow in age.
Locations: BIGBR, HIRIP.

Synonym: L. thejogalus.
Notes: Varieties may have a different preferred name.
References: BBF 165key. Phi 125. Roo 106.
OVERALL: Big Branch 6/7/2010, R Solem.

GILLS, LATEX and STEM: Big Branch 6/7/2010, J Solem.
112
Yellow Latex Milky Lactarius vinaceorufescens Yellow Latex Milky Lactarius vinaceorufescens
Russulaceae
--+ --- ++-
ID: Cap pinkish-cinnamon (darkens in age); smooth; nearly flat

(slightly depressed in age). Stalk pinkish-white. Latex white,
rapidly turns sulphur-yellow.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in coniferous forests.
Cap: 1.6 – 4.8” [4 – 12 cm]
Pale pinkish-cinnamon; pinkish-buff at margin (darker pinkish-/orange-
cinnamon in age). Smooth. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat/slight
depression in age). Margin inrolled (expanded/uplifted/uneven in age).
Flesh white/pinkish, gradually stains bright sulphur-yellow; moderately
thick. Latex white, rapidly turns sulphur yellow.
Gills: Whitish/pinkish-buff (spotted vinaceous red/pinkish-brown/dark
reddish-brown in age). Close.
Spores: White/cream/yellowish.
Stalk: 1.6 – 2.8” x 0.4 – 1” [4 – 7 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Pinkish-white (darkening in age). Nearly smooth. Cylindrical/slightly
expanded downward. Stuffed/
hollow. White/brownish stiff hairs at base.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, NOLAP, PIGTL.
References: BBF 179, 296. Lin 695, 288. M&M 91fn. Roo 108.
CAP: Browns Bridge,10/16/2008, J Solem.

GILLS and LATEX: Browns Bridge,10/16/2008, J Solem.
113
Voluminous-latex Milky Lactarius volemus Voluminous-latex Milky Lactarius volemus
Apricot Milky Cap Apricot Milky Cap Russulaceae
++-+ --- --+ ---
ID: Cap orange-brown, margin paler (fades in age); broadly

convex (funnel-shaped in age). Latex white, dries brown. Foul
odor in age.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood/ mixed
forests.
Cap: 2 – 4” [5 – 10 cm]
Orange-/cinnamon-brown in center, paler toward margin (fades in age).
Wide, broadly convex (broadly funnel-shaped in age). Margin inrolled w/
veil remnants; ages brownish. Flesh (6 mm) pale yellow; bruises brown.
Latex white, dries dark brown/black. Develops foul (fishy) odor in age.
Gills: Whitish-cream; bruise tawny-brown. Broad. Decurrent, often
forked. Depth 6 – 10 mm.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 4.5” [5 – 11.5 cm]
Pale orange-brown/dull orange. Nearly smooth. Equal/ tapers to base.
Stuffed (sometimes hollow in age).
CAP: North Laurel Park, 8/30/2009, J Solem.
SIDE: North Laurel Park, 8/30/2009, J Solem. Locations: CASCT, HIRIP, NOLAP, PIGTL, SAVPK.
GILLS and LATEX: North Laurel Park, 8/30/2009, J Solem.
References: BBF 180, 297. Bin 163. Lae 54. Lin 696, 291. M&M 95.
McK 340, 40. Pac 127. Roo 109. Rus 82, #35.
114
Stalked Lentinus Lentinellus flabeliformis . Stalked Lentinus Lentinellus flabeliformis
Navel Sawgill Navel Sawgill Auriscalpiaceae
+-- --- --- --- +-- ---
ID: Cap brownish, hygrophanous, center depressed in age. Gills

serrated. Taste acrid.
Habitat: Solitary, small groups. On hardwoods and conifers (sometimes
on moss).
Cap: 1/4" – 2” [0.5 – 5 cm]
Brownish/pinkish, hygrophanous. Smooth. Convex/nearly flat (center
depressed in age). Taste acrid.
Gills: Off-white, beige; serrated. Attached (almost decurrent), subdistant.
Spores: Off-white/buff.
Stalk: 1/4 – 2” x 1/32 – 1/8” [0.7 – 5 cm x 1 – 4 mm]
Brown overall. Central to eccentric. Dry, tough.
Locations: PIGTL.
Synonyms: L. ompalodes. L. bisus. Lentinus omphalodes.
References: BBF 182, 297. Lin 764, 297. Phi 241. Kuo.
SIDE: Pigtail,10/8/2010, R. Orr.

TOP: Pigtail, 6/2/2010, J Solem.
115
Bear Lentinus Lentinellus ursinus Bear Lentinus Lentinellus ursinus
Auriscalpiaceae
---- --- -+- --+ +-- --- +-- +++
ID: Cap velvety w/ dark brown center and paler margin;

semicircular and nearly flat w/ appressed light hairs. Gills serrated.
Odor.
Habitat: Clusters. On hardwood logs and branches (especially oak,
maple, beech).
Cap: 1 – 4” [2.5 – 10 cm]
Darker brown in center, paler toward margin. Velvety w/ fibrils. Cuticle
tough. Semicircular/convex/nearly flat. Margin inrolled w/ appressed light
hairs, veil remnants. Flesh whitish/pale brownish, firm. Definite odor
when cut. Taste acrid.
Gills: Pinky-brown/yellow-tan; serrated. Close/ subdistant, radiate from
point of attachment. Depth 5 – 7 mm.
Spores: White.
Stalk: None.
Locations: BIGBR, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP.

SIDE (white spores on top): Pigtail,11/21/2009, R Orr.
TOP: Pigtail,11/21/2009, R Orr. References: Bar 293. BBF 182, 297. Bin 365. Lae 178fn.
OVERALL: Rckburn Branch Park, 6/16/2009, R Solem. Lin 765, 502. M&M 146. McK 159, 17. Roo 21.
GILLS: Big Branch,10/9/2009, J Solem.
116
Hairy Panus Lentinus strigosus Hairy Panus Lentinus strigosus
Ruddy Panus Ruddy Panus Polyporaceae
-+- --- --- --- --- -+- ---
ID: Densely hairy cap; fan-shaped. Bitter taste.

Habitat: Solitary, clusters. On hardwoods.
Cap: 1 – 3” [2.5 – 7.5 cm]
Pinkish-tan/reddish-brown (purple tints when young, paler in age).
Densely hairy, velvety/fuzzy. Fan-/funnel-shaped, sometimes lobed.
Margin inrolled and hairy. Flesh white, thin, tough. Taste bitter.
Gills: White to tan. Close, narrow.
Spores: White/off-white toward cream.
Stalk: Pinkish-tan/light reddish-brown. Short, stubby, lateral, hairy.
Locations: MPENA.
Synonyms: Lentinellus strigosus. Panus rudis.
References: BBF 184, 297. Bin 367. Lin 791, 505. M&M 141.
Roo 144.

GILLS: MPENA, 5/17/2010, J Solem.
117
Sharp-scaled Lepiota Lepiota aspera Sharp-scaled Lepiota Lepiota aspera
Agaricaceae
--- --- -+---
ID:. Cap white w/ cinnamon-brown scales (easily wiped off);

convex (nearly flat in age), umbo sometimes. Gill edges
sometimes toothed. Stalk white; ring often collapses.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground or decayed wood in
forests (especially hardwood).
Cap: 0.8 – 4.4” [2 – 11 cm]
White w/ reddish-/cinnamon-brown scales. Dry. Smooth; when small has
erect, pointed scales (easily wiped off). Convex (broadly convex/nearly
flat in age), sometimes w/ umbo. Flesh white.
Gills: White; edges sometime toothed. Nearly free. Close. Narrow.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.8 – 4.4” x 3/8 – 5/8” [5 – 11 cm x 1 – 1.6 cm]
White. Smooth. Cylindrical, somewhat bulbous. White partial veil leaves
white ring w/ reddish-brown scales on margin; ring often collapses.
Locations: SVMLT.
Synonym: Lepiota acutesquamosa [complex].
References: BBF 188, 298. Lin 513, 163. M&M 56. McK 240, 29.
SIDE: Savage Mill Trail, 9/19/2008, J Solem. Pac 27.
TOP: Savage Mill Trail, 9/19/2008, J Solem.
OVERALL: Savage Mill Trail, 9/19/2008, J Solem.
118
Flowery Blewit Lepista irina Flowery Blewit Lepista irina
Tricholomataceae
--- --- +++
ID: Cap whitish (pinkish-buff in age); smooth (dry)/viscid (wet);

convex (flat in age). Sometimes lobed/wavy. Stalk whitish,
smooth/scurfy (often grooved in age); club-shaped.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground or duff in coniferous or mixed
forests.
Cap: 1.6 – 5.1” [4 – 13 cm]
Whitish; buff/pinkish-buff in age. Smooth. Dry; sticky; sometimes w/
water spots or pitted. Convex (broadly convex/flat, may have low umbo
in age). Margin inrolled and cottony (expanded and smooth in age), often
lobed/ wavy. Flesh whitish/pinkish, thick.
Gills: Whish; pale pinkish-buff in age. Attached/subdecurrent/
notched(?). Crowded. Depth 5 mm.
Spores: Pale pinkish-buff/grayish-pink/off-white.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.1” x 0.4 – 1” [4 – 8 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Whitish/pale tan (tan in age). Stains brownish. Dry. Smooth/scurfy (often
longitudinally grooved in age). Cylindrical/tapered upward. Base
sometimes bulbous/club-shaped. Solid.
Locations: ANNRK, GUIPK, MPENA, RKBRP.
Notes:
Synonym: Clitocybe irina.
References: Bar 280. BBF 84, 277. Lae 57. M&M 186. McK 141, 16.
Roo 242.
OVERALL: Annapolis Rock,10/14/2008, J Solem.
GILLS and CAPS: Annapolis Rock,10/14/2008, J Solem.
SIDE: MPENA,10/3/2009, R Solem.
119
American Lepiota Leucoagaricus americanus American Lepiota. Leucoagaricus americanus
Reddening Lepiota Reddening Lepiota. Agaricaceae
--- -++ ++- -+-
ID: Cap white (reddish in age) w/ reddish-brown scales (easily

wiped off); hemispheric (flat/slightly depressed in age. Stalk
swollen at base. Flesh white; stains yellow-orange, then grayish-
red.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On stumps, wood chips, sawdust, mulch piles,
or mown grass.
Cap: 0.8 – 4.3” [2 – 11 cm]
White (reddish in age) w/ center brownish. Pinkish-/reddish-brown small,
erect, pointed scales (easily wiped off in age). Dry. Hemispheric/convex
(nearly flat/slightly depressed in age), often w/ umbo. Margin striate.
Flesh white, stains yellow/yellow-orange, then grayish-red.
Gills: White. Reddish/brownish in age. Free. Close. Broad.
Spores: White/off-white.
Stalk: 3 – 5” [7.6 – 12.7 cm]
White, stains yellow-orange (stains red in age). Usually enlarged in
middle, swollen at base. White membranous ring (may disappear early).
Flesh stains yellow/yellow-orange. Solid (hollow in age).
OVERALL (young): High Ridge Park, 9/12/2009, J Solem. Frequency: Fairly common.
SIDE w/RING and STALKS: Big Branch, 8/21/2009, R Solem.
GILLS and CAPS: High Ridge Park, 9/12/2009, J Solem. Locations: BIGBR, HIRIP, PIGTL, RKBRP, SUKBR, WESRP.
GILLS, RINGS and STALKS: Big Branch, 8/21/2009, R Solem.
Synonyms: Lepiota americana. Leucocoprinus americana.
References: BBF 185key. M&M 54. McK 244, 29. Phi 35. Rus 83, 36.
Kuo.
120
Smooth Parasol Leucoagaricus leucothites Smooth Parasol Leucoagaricus leucothites
Agaricaceae
-+- --- ---
ID: Cap white/grayish, smooth or slightly rough w/ small scales;

egg-shaped (convex/ nearly flat in age). Stalk white (may stain
yellow); double-edged ring, often moveable.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. Grassy areas.
Cap: 2 – 4.8” [5 – 12 cm]
White/dull-white/grayish; sometimes stains yellow. Dry. Smooth/slight
roughness w/ small scales. Egg-shaped (convex/nearly flat in age).
Margin w/ partial veil remnant. Flesh white/tan (not staining).
Gills: White, pinkish/grayish/pale brown in age. Free, close, broad.
Spores: White/gray/cream.
Stalk: 2 – 4.8” x 0.4 – 0.8” [5 – 12 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
White; may stain yellow. Dry. Partial veil leaves double-edged ring (often
movable). Stuffed (hollow in age).
Locations: RKBRP.
OVERALL, GILLS and STALK: Rockburn Branch Park, Synonyms: L. naucinus. L. naucinoides. Lepiota naucinoides. L.
9/14/2008, J Solem. naucina.
McK 243, #29. Phi 35. Roo 70. Rus 161, #77.
121
Red-tinged Lepiota Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus Red-tinged Lepiota. Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus
Agaricaceae
--- -+- --- ---
ID: Reddish-/coral-pink; rounded; white stalk w/ ring.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in hardwoods, on
compost, on leaf litter.
Cap: 1.1 – 3.1” [3 – 8 cm]
Reddish/brownish-pink (coral-pink/pinkish-orange/brownish-pink in age).
Rounded (convex/flat w/ unbo in age). Margin often torn/cracked.
Smooth/dry (cracked/covered w/ tiny scales in age). Disc remains
uncracked/smooth and darker red-brown/coral-pink. Flesh white.
Gills: White w/ no staining. Free. Close. Narrow.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 5.8” x 1/8 x 3/8” [5 – 15 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
White (sometimes discolored in age). Equal/ tapers up. White
membranous veil forms superior ring. Hollow in age.
Locations: MPENA.
Synonym: Lepiota rubrotincta.
References: Bar 243. BBF 189, 298. Lin 523, 159. Phi 37. Kuo.

RING and CAP: MPENA, 8/19/2010, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: MPENA, 8/19/2010, J Solem.
122
White Leucopax Leucopaxillus albissimus White Leucopax Leucopaxillus albissimus
Tricholomataceae
--- --- +--
ID: Cap white, smooth/lumpy; convex (flat in age). White

mycelium at base.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground, leaves (needles), or buried wood
in forests.
Cap: 1 – 3.8” [2.5 – 9.5 cm]
White (pale yellow-brown in age or not). Dull, smooth (finely cracked and
breaking into tiny irregular patches in age). Convex (nearly flat in age).
Margin inrolled (even in age), often finely grooved, sometimes lobed.
Flesh (4 mm) white.
Gills: White. Attached/decurrent. Close/crowded. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.1 – 2.8” x 0.2 – 0.6” [3 – 7 cm x 6 – 16 mm]
Often off-center. White. Tapered upward. Base typically covered w/ white
OVERALL: Rocky Gorge Reservoir,10/6/2008, J Solem. mycelium and trapped debris. Stuffed.
CAP, GILLS and BURIED WOOD SUBSTRATE: Rocky Gorge
Reservoir,10/6/2008, J Solem. Frequency: Uncommon.
Locations: ROGOR.
Phi 67. Kuo. Rog.
123
None Leucopaxillus laterarius None Leucopaxillus laterarius
Tricholomataceae
--- --- --- --- --- +--
ID: Cap dull white (or pinkish), smooth, obtuse. White mycelium at
base. Taste mealy/ bitter.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground/leaves (needles)/buried wood in
forests.
Cap: 1.4 – 7” [3.5 – 18 cm]
Dull-white/white w/dull-pinkish tinge. Smooth. Obtuse/ convex. Margin
inrolled at first, often finely grooved. Flesh (4 mm) white, firm. Taste
bitter.
Gills: White. Attached. Close/crowded. Depth 3 mm.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.9” x 0.4 – 0.8” [4 – 10 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
White. Expands at base. Base typically covered w/ white mycelium.
Locations: NOLAP.
References: BBF 192key. M&M 120. McK 163, 18. Kuo.
SIDE: North Laurel Park,11/2/2008, J Solem.

GILLS and STALK: North Laurel Park,11/2/2008, J Solem.
OVERALL: North Laurel Park,11/2/2008, J Solem.
124
Fried Chicken Mushroom Lyophyllum decastes Fried Chicken Mushroom Lyophyllum decastes
Lyophyllaceae
---+ --- --- --- --- ---+++ ---
ID: Yellowish-brown convex/flat cap; whitish gills.

Habitat: Usually large clusters. Various (on ground in forests, edge of
trails, woodland edges, grassy areas).
Cap: 2 – 5” [5 – 12.5 cm]
Gray/grayish-yellow/yellowish-brown. Convex (nearly flat in age).
Smooth. Moist. Flesh whitish. Odor and taste not distinctive (but
variable).
Gills: Whitish (little/no color change when bruised). Attached/
subdecurrent. Close. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 4” x 1/4 – 3/4” [5 – 10 cm x 2 – 20 mm]
White (soon brownish below). Smooth. Dry.
Locations: NOLAP. ORRBB.
Kuo.

GILLS, STALK and CAPS: North Laurel Park,11/6/2010, J Solem.
125
Parasol Mushroom Macrolepiota procera Parasol Mushroom Macrolepiota procera
Agaricaceae
--- +-- --- ---
ID: Cap brown, dry and smooth when young (whitish w/ dingy
scales and dark umbo in age); convex (broadly convex in age).
Gill edges fringed. Stalk somewhat bulbous; movable ring.
Habitat: Solitary, small groups. On ground along paths in forests.
Cap: 2.8 – 8” [7 – 25 cm]
Whitish (dingy grayish/brownish between brown scales w/ dark umbo in
age). Dry. Smooth when young. Convex (convex/broadly convex in age).
Flesh white (sometimes tinged reddish).
Gills: White (brown/pinkish in age); edges fringed. Free. Close. Broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 5.9” x 0.4 – 0.8” [14 – 20 cm x 5 – 15 mm]
White at top, shades of brown at bottom. Tapered upward, occasionally
bulbous. Thick-edged movable ring. Flesh stains yellow-orange/saffron.
Locations: ORRBB, SLMLP.
OVERALL: Beaverbrook, 8/2009, R Orr. Synonyms: Lepiota procera. Leucoagaricus procerus. Leucocoprinus
CAP and STALK: Sch ooley Mill Park, 9/13/2008, J Solem. procera.
CAP, RING and STALK: Schooley Mill Park, 9/13/2008, J Solem.
References: Bar 245. Lae 165. Lin 520, 172. M&M 53. McK 245, 29.
Pac 20. Phi 34. Roo 72. Rus 85, 37. Kuo.
126
White Marasmius Marasmiellus candidus White Marasmius Marasmiellus candidus
Marasmiaceae
-++ ++- +-+ ---+
ID: Cap white, minutely hairy; convex, margin grooved. Stalk shiny
white.
Habitat: Groups, in rows. On twigs and stems (especially of Rubus) in
wet weather.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.2 “ [1 – 3 cm]
White/translucent (spotted in age). Dry, minutely hairy. Convex/flat,
radially grooved. Margin folded/wavy.
Gills: White/pinkish. Attached. Distant. Moderately broad w/ marked
crossveins.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.4 – 0.8” x 1/32 –1/16” [1 – 2 cm x 1 – 1.5 mm]
Central/off-center. Shiny-white; blackish toward base. Cylindrical, curved.
Solid.
Locations: HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL.
Synonyms: Marasmius candidus. Marasmiellus albuscorticis. M.
magnisporus.
References: Bar 264. Lae 139fn. Lin 770, 488. Pac 30fn.
GILLS: Long Corner, 11/9/2009, R Orr.

CAPS: MPENA, 8/2/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL: MPENA, 8/2/2009, R Solem.
127
None Marasmius capillaris None Marasmius capillaris
Marasmiaceae
--- ++- --+ +++ +++ +-+
ID: Cap yellowish, lighter center w/ small depression; margin

grooved. Gills attached to collar. Stalk darker at base in age.
Habitat: Groups, never clustered. On oak leaves.
Cap: 1/8 – 3/4 ” [3 – 20 mm]
White/yellowish/rarely pale orange; white/yellowish at center. Convex w/
small depression in center. Margin grooved. Flesh white, very thin at
margin.
Gills: White/pale yellow. Attached to collar (free or collapsed onto upper
stalk). Narrow/rather broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.6 – 3.5” x <1/32” [1.5 – 8.5 cm x 0.3 – 1 mm]
Yellowish-white/pale yellow at top (reddish-/dark-/ blackish-brown overall
in age). Typically wiry, curled (or not). Sometimes tiny bulb at base;
minimal rhizomorphs brown/blackish.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, HENPV, HIRIP, HOLLO, HOUOS,
LONGC, MPENA, SUKBR, WESRP.
Notes: Contrast w/ M. rotula which grows in clusters on dead wood.
References: Bar 264. Lin 774. Kuo.
GILLS: MPENA, 8/2009, R Solem.

OVERALL: Western Regional Park, 9/28/2008, J Solem.
128
None Marasmius cohaerens None Marasmius cohaerens
Marasmiaceae
--- -+- ++- ---
ID: Cap reddish-brown (lighter in age); convex/flat. Stalk darkens

from base up, hairy; pale yellow mycelium.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On leaf litter/woody debris in hardwood forests
(oak-hickory or beech-maple).
Cap: 0.4 – 2 “ [1 – 3.5 cm]
Yellowish-/reddish-brown, sometimes fading along margin (lighter in
age). Smooth/somewhat wrinkled. Broadly convex/flat. Margin striated.
Gills: Pale (tan/light brown in age). Attached. Distant (or nearly).
Spores: White/cream.
Stalk: 0.4 – 0.8” x 1/32 –1/16” [3 – 8 cm x 3 mm]
Yellowish-brown (soon darkening from base up to dark brown). Dry.
Equal; straight/slightly curved. Whitish/ pale yellow mycelium.
Locations: HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA.
References: Bar 262. BBF 199-200key. Lin 771, 38. Phi 88. Kuo.

GILLS and CAPS: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, R Solem.
129
Fairy Ring Mushroom Marasmius oreades Fairy Ring Mushroom Marasmius oreades
Marasmiaceae
--- --- --- --+ ---
ID: Cap yellowish-white/tan; broadly bell-shaped w/ broad umbo.

Stalk yellowish-white above, brownish below.
Habitat: Scattered, fairy rings/arcs. In grass (lawns).
Cap: 0.4 – 1.8” [1 – 4.5 cm]
Tan/yellowish-white/brown. Shiny and smooth (wet), dull (dry). Broadly
bell-shaped w/ broad umbo. Flesh white, thick.
Gills: Pale tannish/yellow. Free/attached. Close/distant. Narrow (broad
in age). Rather thick.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.4 – 2.8” x 1/8” or larger [1 – 7 cm x 2 – 5 mm]
Yellowish-white/orangish at apex, more brownish below. Flexible but
tough.
Locations: UMDCF.
OVERALL: UMDCF, 8/30/2009, R Orr.

CAP, GILLS and STALK: UMDCF, 8/30/2009, J Solem.
130
None Marasmius pulcherripes None Marasmius pulcherripes
Marasmiaceae
+---- -+- -+- ---
ID: Cap bright pinkish-brown, smooth and dry, revives when wet;
convex, margin grooved. Stalk black, wiry.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in forests.
Cap: 1/8 –1/2” [4 – 12 mm]
Bright pinkish-brown/red-brown. Dry (reviving when wet). Smooth.
Convex/bell-shaped, grooved. Flesh thin.
Gills: Whitish. Attached. Narrow. Distant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: Up to 2” x ca. 1/32” [5 cm x 0.3 – 1 mm]
Black. Wiry.
Locations: SLMLP, SUKBR, TUFTS.
References: Bar 263. Lin 776.
OVERALL: Schooley Mill Park, 9/13/2008, J Solem.

OVERALL: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, J Solem.
131
Horsehair Fungus Marasmius rotula Horsehair Fungus Marasmius rotula
Pinwheel Marasmius Pinwheel Marasmius Marasmiaceae
--- ++- +-+ +-+ --- ---
ID: Cap whitish; hemispheric w/ small depression. Gills attached

to collar. Stalk yellowish-brownish above, darker at base and in
age.
Habitat: Groups on dead wood.
Cap: 1/8 – 3/4” [3 – 20 mm]
White/yellowish. Convex/hemispheric w/ small depression. Flesh thin.
Gills: White/pale yellow. Attached to collar. Narrow to rather broad.
Distant.
Spores: ?
Stalk: 0.6 – 3.5” [1.5 – 8.5 cm]
Yellowish-white/brownish at apex; reddish/blackish- brown in age.
Sometimes tiny bulb at base.
Locations: CASCT, HOLLO, HOUOS, MPENA, RKBRP, TUFTS,
WESRP.
Notes: At least 5 varieties distinguished by color/odor (BBF). Contrast w/
M. capillaris which grows on oak leaves.
McK 167, 19. Pac 33. Phi 90. Roo 158.
OVERALL: Henryton, 10/26/2009, R Orr.

GILLS AND STALKS: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, R Solem.
132
Orange Pinwheel Marasmius Marasmius siccus Orange Pinwheel Marasmius Marasmius siccus
Marasmiaceae
--- -+- -+- --- ---
ID: Orange/yellowish-brown, bell-shaped, strongly grooved. Gills

white/pale yellow. Long stalk.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. Decaying leaves, twigs, conifer needles
(white pine).
Cap: 1/8 – 1 “ [3 – 25 mm]
Orange/reddish-orange/yellowish-brown (fading to orange-
yellow/brownish-orange). Surface roughened. Cushion-/bell-shaped
(convex, disc depressed in age), strongly grooved. Flesh white, thin.
Gills: White/pale yellow. Notched or free. Distant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2.8” x 1/32” [2 – 7 cm x 0.2 – 1 mm]
Yellowish (darkens to brown from bottom up). Cylindrical; equal; hollow.
Locations: MPENA, PIGTL.
McK 168, 19. Phi 90.
OVERALL: Pigtail,7/15/2010, J Solem.

CAP and GILLS: Pigtail,7/15/2010, R Solem.
133
Orange-yellow Marasmius Marasmius strictipes Orange-yellow Marasmius Marasmius strictipes
Marasmiaceae
--- --- --- --- --+-+
ID: Light yellow to tan, convex, margin uplifted in age. Gills

white/pale orangish-yellow.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. Decaying deciduous leaves.
Cap: 0.8 – 2.5 “ [2 – 6.5 cm]
Light yellow/orangish in spots at edge (tan in age). Moist.
Convex/broadly umbonate (especially in age). Margin uplifted in age.
Flesh white/yellowish-white. Taste peppery.
Gills: Yellowish-white/pale orangish-yellow. Attached but often receding.
Narrow. Close/crowded. Secondary gills.
Spores: White/cream/yellowish.
Stalk: 1 – 3.5” x 1/8 – 3/8” [2.5 – 8.5 cm x 3 – 9 mm]
White/pale yellow. Hollow. Yellow mycelium binds to mat of leaves.
Notes: Top photo is an older specimen. Identification based on macro
characteristics. May be confused with Gymnopus strictipes.
Synonyms: [Original description] Collybia strictipes. Gymnopus
strictipes.
References: BBF 202, 301. Lin 776, 32. Phi 73. Kuo. Rog.
CAP: Wincopin,10/29/2010, J Solem.

GILLS and STALK: Wincopin,10/29/2010, J Solem.
CLOSEUP OF GILLS: Wincopin,10/29/2010, J Solem.
134
Broad Gill Megacollybia platyphylla Broad Gill Megacollybia platyphylla
Marasmiaceae
--+ +++ +++ +++ ++- ---
ID: Cap dull brownish-gray, streaked w/ dark radial fibers.

Stalk white, dry; not easily detached from cap; rhizomorphs at
base.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups, clusters. On or near decaying
hardwoods.
Cap: 1 – 6” [2.5 – 15 cm]
Dull brownish-gray (center darker); streaked w/ dark radial fibers.
Dry/moist. Smooth. Convex/nearly flat. Flesh white, moderately thick in
center.
Gills: White/grayish; margin wavy. Attached. Subdistant. Very broad.
Thick (13 mm). Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 3 – 5” x 0.4 – 1.2” [7.5 – 12.5 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
White. Dry. Does not detach easily from cap. White, thick rhizomorphs.
Equal/tapers down. Hollow.
Frequency: Common.
OVERALL: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, J Solem. Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, HENPV, HOUOS, LONGC, MPENA,
CAP: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, J Solem. NOLAP, OTHER, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.
SIDE: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, J Solem.
GILLS: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, R Solem. Synonym: Tricholomopsis platyphylla.
McK 194, 20. Phi 53. Roo 209. Rus 86, #38.
135
None Melanoleuca alboflavida None Melanoleuca alboflavida
Tricholomataceae
--- --- -+- ---
ID: Cap yellowish-brown (lighter in age), umbo darker; convex

(slightly depressed in age). Gills waxy. Stalk whitish, grooved w/
dark fibers.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood/mixed
forests.
Cap: 2 – 4” [5 –10 cm]
Yellowish-brown (yellowish-white in age), umbo
remains darker. Moist. Smooth. Convex/nearly flat/
slightly depressed w/ low umbo. Flesh white.
Gills: Whitish/pinky; waxy. Attached. Typically notched. Crowded.
Narrow.
OVERALL: North Laurel Park, 8/11/2008, J Solem.
Stalk: 1.2 – 6” x 0.2 – 0.4” [3 –15 cm x 5 – 10 mm]
Whitish. Dry. Longitudinally grooved w/ dark fibers. Typically slightly
twisted. Slightly tapers up. Pliable.
Locations: NOLAP.
References: BBF 203, 301. Lin 716, 235. McK 169, #18. Phi 57.
136
Orange Bonnet Mycena acicula Orange Bonnet Mycena acicula
Coral Spring Mycena Coral Spring Mycena Mycenaceae
--- --- --- --- --- --- +---
ID: Cap yellow-orange w/ red center (fades in age); bell-shaped

(flatter in age); margin grooved. Stalk yellow; white hairs at base.
Habitat: Solitary, small groups. On decaying leaves, small twigs, duff; in
wet forests, seeps, or along streams.
Cap: 1/8 – 0.5” [3 – 12 mm]
Reddish-/yellow-orange (fading to a yellow-orange w/ red center).
Powdery (smooth in age). Bell-shaped/ convex (nearly flat in age).
Margin grooved. Flesh whitish/yellowish, thin.
Gills: White/pale yellow/yellow-orange. Narrowly attached/ notched.
Subdistant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.5 – 2.5” x 1/32’ [4 – 6.5 cm x 1 mm]
Yellow/pale orange. Smooth/slightly powdery-scurfy. Cylindrical. White
hairs at base.
Locations: SAVPK.
References: Lae 137. Lin 778, 68. Phi 99. Roo 185.
SIDE and GILLS: Savage Park,10/3/2008, W. Earp.

OVERALL: Savage Park,10/3/2008, J Solem.
137
Yellow-stalked Mycena Mycena epipterygia Yellow-stalked Mycena Mycena epipterygia
Mycenaceae
--- --- +-- --+
ID: Yellowish (grayish-pink in age), stalk yellow (but fades); hairs

at base. Conifers or hardwoods.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. In coniferous or hardwood forests.
Cap: 3/8 – 3/4” [1 – 2 cm]
Dark yellowish, sometimes tinged grayish-green (white/ grayish-pink in
age). Egg-shaped (convex w/ umbo in age). Often slimy. Margin
becomes grooved. Flesh yellowish, thin.
Gills: Yellowish/white. Attached. Subdistant. Narrow.
Spores: White/pale buff.
Stalk: 2 – 3” x 1/32 – 1/16” [5 – 7.5 cm x 0.75 – 1.5 mm]
Bright yellow (fades in age). Cylindrical. Hollow. Coarse hairs at base.
Locations: RKBRP.
References: BBF 205key. Lin 779, 45. M&M 166. Phi 99.

GILLS: Rockburn Branch Park, 11/23/2010, J Solem.
SIDE: Rockburn Branch Park,11/23/2010, J Solem.
138
Common Mycena Mycena galericulata Common Mycena Mycena galericulata
Mycenaceae
--- --- --- -++ +++
ID: Cap dirty tan; bell-shaped w/ broad umbo; radially lined. Gill
edges serrated in age. Stalk grayish-white.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On decaying hardwood stumps/logs.
Cap: 1 – 3” [2.5 – 7.5 cm]
Brownish (dirty tan/cinnamon-brown in age). Bell-shaped w/ broad umbo.
Margin w/ veil remnants, inrolled (spreading in age), wrinkled to radially
lined. Flesh thin (1 mm).
Gills: Whitish/grayish/pink-tinged; edges serrated in age. Attached.
Close/almost distant. Moderately broad, crossveins. Depth 3 mm.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 5” x 1/16 – 1/4” [5 – 12.5 cm x 1.5 – 5 mm]
Grayish-white above, darker gray/brown below. Smooth/ light appressed
hairs. Equal or twisted. Mycelium white. Hollow. Brittle.
Locations: GONRA, HAMVL, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL,
RKBRP.
References: BBF 209key. Lin 780, 6. M&M 171. McK 172, 19.
Rus 87, #39. Kuo.
OVERALL: Henryton, 10/2/2009, J Solem.

GILLS: Long Corner, 9/13/2009, R Solem.
139
Bleeding Mycena Mycena haematopus Bleeding Mycena Mycena haematopus
Mycenaceae
---- --- --- --- --- -++ +-+ ---
ID: Exudes dark red latex when broken. Cap dark reddish-brown,
margin much lighter. Stalk color like cap.
Habitat: Solitary (sometimes), clusters (typical). On wood..
Cap: 3/8 – 2” [1 – 5 cm]
Dark reddish-brown at center, fades toward margin (reddish-gray but
covered at first w/ frosted, white downiness). Conic/hemispheric (bell-
shaped in age). Margin lighter, striate, straight but often torn/ragged.
Flesh thin. Exudes dark blood-red latex when cut.
Gills: Whitish/grayish (dirty reddish-brown in age). Finely attached.
Close to subdistant. Narrow/moderately broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 1/32 – 1/8” [2.5 – 10 cm x 0.75 – 3 mm]
Reddish-brown. Upper part initially densely pruinose (smooth in age).
Base hairy. Exudes dark blood-red latex when cut. Hollow.
Locations: BIGBR, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR,
SLMLP.
McK 173, 19. Pac 90. Phi 94.

GILLS and STALKS: Long Corner, 9/13/2009, R Solem.
140
Clustered Bonnet Mycena inclinata [or near] Clustered Bonnet Mycena inclinata [or near]
Mycenaceae
+--- --- --- --+ +++ ++--
ID: Cap gray-brown; bell-shaped. Stalk top light, darker below;

white mycelium at base. Odor.
Habitat: Dense clusters. On hardwood (oak) stumps or logs.
Cap: 0.8 – 1.2” [2 –3 cm]
Gray-brown. Conical expanding to bell-shaped, w/ prominent darker
umbo (flat in age). Margin slightly overhangs gills, striate. Flesh whitish,
thin. Odor rancid/mealy. Taste mild.
Gills: Whitish/fleshy-pink. Attached. Depth = 2X cap flesh.
Stalk: 2.4 – 3.9” x 1/16 – 1/8” [6 – 10 cm x 2 – 4 mm]
White at top, darker brown-red towards base (which is covered w/ fine
white down). Hollow.
Locations: HENPV, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP.
Notes: Spores of M. pseudoinclinata differ microscopically; identification
was based on macro characteristics.
References: BBF 209key. Lae 133. Lin 780fn. M&M 171. Pac 92.
Rog.
SIDE: Henryton,10/26/2009, R Orr.

CAP and GILLS: Henryton,11/17/2009, R Orr.
GILLS and STALKS: Henryton,11/17/2009, R Orr.
141
Orange Mycena Mycena leaiana Orange Mycena Mycena leaiana
Mycenaceae
--- --- +-- --- -++ --- --+ ---
ID: Clusters, often on downed limb. Cap reddish-orange, paler in

age; hemispheric/convex; grooved. Stalk base densely hairy. May
stain hands orange.
Habitat: Clusters. On stumps/downed limbs/ground in hardwood forests.
Cap: 0.4 – 2” [1 – 5 cm]
Reddish-orange (yellowish-orange/pale in age). Viscid/slightly glutinous.
Convex/hemispheric (may be slightly depressed in age), grooved. When
young, margin typically translucent, grooved and moist. Flesh
white/orangish, thick.
Gills: Pinkish-orange/orange; stains yellowish-orange, edges brilliant
reddish-orange/orangish-red. Notched. Close, forked. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 3” x 1/16 – 1/8” [2.5 – 7.5 cm x 1.5 – 4 mm]
Orange overall, sometimes yellow near top. Powdery (smooth/glutinous
in age). Sometimes slightly enlarged top. Base densely hairy (typically
orangish). Hollow; pliable.
Locations: CASCT, RKBRP, SAVPK, SUKBR.
Notes: Stains hands orange.
References: Bar 288. BBF 212, 302. Lin 781, 64. M&M 166. McK
174, #19. Phi 98. Roo 159.
OVERALL: Savage Park, 8/27/2008, J Solem.

CAPS, GILLS and STALKs: Savage Park, 10/27/2008, J Solem.
142
Walnut Mycena Mycena luteopallens Walnut Mycena Mycena luteopallens
Mycenaceae
---- --- --- --+ ---
ID: Cap yellow-orange (yellowish-white in age); oval (flatter in

age); margin becomes grooved. Stalk yellow; hairs at base.
Habitat: Small groups on decaying walnut/hickory nut hulls.
Cap: 1/4 – 0.6” [8 – 15 mm]
Bright yellow-orange (yellowish-white/tan in age). Smooth and glabrous.
Oval (nearly flat or small umbo in age). Margin becomes grooved. Flesh
whitish/yellowish, thin.
Gills: Yellowish/pinkish w/ white edges. Variously attached. Subdistant.
Fairly broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 4” x 1/32 – 1/16” [5 – 10 cm x 0.75 – 1.5 mm]
Orangish near apex, yellowish below. Cylindrical. Hollow. Coarse hairs at
base.
Locations: CASTR.
Notes: Photos are of old specimens.
References: BBF 212, 302. Bar 285. Lin 782, 52. M&M 134.
OVERALL: Cascade Trail, 6/25/2010, R Orr.

OVERALL: Cascade Trail, 6/25/2010, J Solem.
143
Pink Mycena Mycena pura Pink Mycena Mycena pura
Mycenaceae
--- --- --- --- --+ --- ++- ---
ID: Variable color (pink/purple/red/lilac). Convex/flat. Smooth.

Odor/taste of radishes. Gills broad w/ whitish edges.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, gregarious. On ground in hardwood or
coniferous woods.
Cap: 0.8 – 3” [2 – 7.5 cm]
Color quite variable (pink, purple, red, lilac). Convex/flat. Smooth. Moist.
Odor/taste of radishes.
Gills: Whitish/bluish/purplish w/ whitish edges. Close. Very broad.
Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 1/16 – 1/4” [2.5 – 10 cm x 1.5 – 6 mm]
Color of cap or paler. Flattened/twisted. Base somewhat enlarged.
Hollow.
Locations: HENPV, HIRIP, PIGTL.
References: Bar 286. BBF 213, 302. Phi 95.
OVERALL (old): Henryton, 8/26/2010, J Solem.

STALK and CAP: Pigtail, 10/9/2010, J Solem.
144
None Mycena stipata [or near] None Mycena stipata [or near]
Mycenaceae
---- --- --- --- --- --- -+- +--
ID: Cap gray-brown; conical/bell-shaped. Alkiline odor (or not).

Habitat: Dense clusters. On conifer stumps or logs.
Cap: 0.2 – 1.2” [5 – 30 mm]
Gray-brown/brown. Conical, expanding to bell-shaped. Margin slightly
striate. Flesh whitish, thin. Strong alkaline odor (or not).
Gills: Whitish. Attached. Close/distant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2.4 – 3.9” x 1/16 – 1/8” [1.5 – 11 cm x 1 – 3 mm]
Brown/gray-brown. Pliable.
References: M&M 170.
GILLS and STALKS: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/13/2008, J Solem.

SIDE: Wincopin ,11/6/2009, R Orr.
CAPS: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/13/2008, J Solem.
145
Scaly Lentinus Neolentinus lepideus Scaly Lentinus Neolentinus lepideus
Polyporaceae
--- --- +-- --- ---
ID: Cap whitish w/ coarse brown scales; convex, margin strongly

inrolled. Stalk color like cap except red-brown at base.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, clustered. On decaying conifer wood;
occasionally on oak, fence posts, railroad ties.
Cap: 1.2 – 10” [3 – 25 cm]
Whitish w/ coarse, brown scales. Convex/nearly flat. Margin strongly
inrolled. Flesh firm, white; tough in age.
Gills: White/yellowish; edges serrate. Decurrent lines short distance
down stalk. Close/subdistant. Depth 1.5 mm.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 4 “ x 0.4 – 1” [2.5 – 10 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Whitish. Red-brown at base. Develops brown scales. Dry. Equal.
Locations: NOLAP.
Synonym: Lentinus lepideus.
References: BBF 184, 297. Lae 35fn. Lin 766, 222. M&M 146. McK
159, 15. Phi 243.
SIDE: North Laurel Park, 7/5/2009, R Solem.

GILLS and STALK: North Laurel Park, 7/5/2009, R Solem.
TOP: North Laurel Park, 7/5/2009, J Solem.
146
Yellow Nolanea Nolanea iveus Yellow Nolanea Nolanea murrayi
Yellow Unicorn Entoloma Yellow Unicorn Entoloma Entalomataceae
++--- +-+ --- ---
ID: On ground in forests. Cap orange-yellow, fades in age,

smooth, moist; bell-shaped, pointed umbo; convex in age. Stalk
yellow w/ white mycelium.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in forests.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.2” [1 – 3 cm]
Yellow/orangish-yellow (fades in age). Moist. Smooth. Bell-
shaped/convex (more convex in age), small pointed umbo. Margin splits
in age. Flesh yellowish.
Gills: Yellow (pinkish tinged in age). Narrowly attached/notched.
Subdistant. Broad.
Stalk: 2 – 4” x 1/16 – 1/4” [5 – 10 cm x 2 – 5 mm]
Yellow. Dry. Hollow. White mycelium.
Locations: LONGC, PIGTL.

Synonyms: Entoloma cuspidatum. Entoloma murrayi.
SIDE: Long Corne, 6/27/2009, R Solem.
CAP: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, R Solem. References: Bar 184. BBF 214, 303. Lin 643, 50. M&M 213. McK
GILLS: and STALKS: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, R Solem. 311, #38. Phi 156. Roo 196.
147
Salmon Unicorn Entoloma Nolanea quadrata Salmon Unicorn Entoloma Nolanea quadrata
Entalomataceae
+--- +-- --- ---
ID: Cap salmon-orange, fades in age, smooth, moist; bell-shaped,

pointed umbo; convex in age. Stalk salmon-orange w/ white
mycelium.
Habitat: Scattered. On ground or moss in forests.
Cap: 0.6 – 2” [1.5 – 5 cm]
Salmon-orange (fades in age). Moist. Smooth. Bell-shaped/convex (more
convex in age), small pointed umbo.
Gills: Salmon-orange. Narrowly attached. Subdistant. Broad.
Stalk: 2 – 4” x 1/16 – 1/4” [5 – 10 cm x 2 – 5 mm]
Salmon-orange (sometimes greenish in age). Hollow. White mycelium.
Locations: LONGC.
Synonyms: Entoloma salmoneum (?), Nolanea salmonea (?).
References: Bar 184. BBF 214, 303. Lin 644, 49. McK 311, #38.
SIDE: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, J Solem. M&M 212fn. Phi 156. Roo 196fn.
GILLS and STALK: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, J Solem.
148
Jack O’ Lantern Omphalotus illudens Jack O’ Lantern Omphalotus illudens
Marasmiaceae
+-+-+- +--+
ID: Cap bright orange (darkens in age), sticky. Stalk color like
gills, scurfy in age.
Habitat: Clusters. Base of hardwood trees and stumps (especially
oak)/on ground on buried wood.
Cap: 2.8 – 7” [7 – 18 cm]
Bright orange/ yellowish-orange (often reddish-brown in age). Sticky.
Convex (nearly flat/shallowly depressed in age), often w/ small umbo.
Flesh white w/ orange tint. Pronounced (sweet) odor.
Gills: Yellow-orange. Decurrent. Close. Narrow. Thin.
Spores: Whitish-cream.
Stalk: 2 – 7.8” x 0.3 – 1.2” [5 – 20 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
Yellow-orange. Dry. Scurfy in age. Nearly equal (or tapers down). Solid.
Locations: CASCT, HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP,
ROGOR.
Synonym: Clitocybe illudens.
References: Bar 295. BBF 216, 303. Bin 379. Lin 787, [788], 310,
426, 483. M&M 154. McK 178, 17. Pac 86fn. Phi 238. Roo 146.
Rus 89, #89.

GILLS and STALK: Pigtail, 8/20/2009, R Solem.
FAIRY RING: Pigtail,10/6/2009, R Solem.
149
Bell-cap Panaeolus Panaeolus papilionaceus Bell-cap Panaeolus Panaeolus papilionaceus
var papilionaceus var papilionaceus.
Agaricales
+--- -+- -+- ---
ID: Cap brownish, smooth; bell-shaped in age. Gills grayish (black

in age). Stalk w/ dense gray fuzz.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On rotted horse manure.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.5” [1 – 4 cm]
Brownish/olive-gray/grayish-tan. Surface smooth or nearly. Conic (bell-
shaped in age). Margin rimmed w/ tooth-like whitish veil remnants.
Gills: Grayish (becoming black in age). Notched. Subdistant. Broad.
Spores: Blackish.
Stalk: 2.4 – 5.5” x 1/16 – 1/4” [6 – 14 cm x 1.5 – 5 mm]
Grayish-white (brown in age). Pruinose (dense gray fuzz). Hollow.
Locations: HENPV.
Synonyms: Panaeolinus campanulatus. Panaeolus retirugis.
Panaeolus sprinctrinus.
286, 35. Pac 218. Phi 236.
SIDE: Henryton, 8/13/2009, R Solem.

CAPS and GILLS: Henryton, 8/13/2009, R Solem.
GILLS and STALKS: Henryton, 5/30/2010, N Magnusson.
150
Mower’s Mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. Mower’s Mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii
Agaricales
--+ --+ +-- ++- -+- ---
ID: Cap grayish-brown (lighter in age); convex/bell-shaped,

margin grooved when fresh. Stalk white (darkens in age).
Habitat: Scattered, groups. In grassy areas.
Cap: 0.2 – 1.1” [5 – 30 mm]
Reddish-brown/grayish-brown (grayish-tan in age). Dry. Smooth
(sometimes finely cracked when dry). Convex/ bell-shaped. Margin
slightly grooved when fresh/moist. Flesh brown/tan, thin, brittle.
Gills: Brown (purple-/blackish-brown in age). Attached. Close.
Spores: Light-/dark-/purple-brown/brown.
Stalk: 1 – 4’ x 1/16 – 1/8” [2.5 – 10 cm x 1.5 – 3 mm]
White/pinkish-brown (darkening in age). Smooth. Cylindrical (or w/
small/hairy bulb at base). Hollow; splits lengthwise.
CAPS: GILLS and STALKS: Big Branch, 7/2/2009, R Solem.
Locations: BIGBR, HIRIP, HOUOS, JACPD, SLMLP.
Synonyms: Panaeolinus foenisecii. Psilocybe foenisecii.
McK 282, 35. Pac 216. Roo 200. Rus 30, 5.
151
Late Fall Oyster Panellus serotinus Late Fall Oyster Panellus serotinus
Mycenaceae
--- -+- ---
ID: Cap greenish-yellow w/ purple tint, slippery/sticky (fuzzy in

age). Stalk hairy, short, lateral. Bitter?
Habitat: Groups, overlapping clusters. On dead hardwood logs or sticks
(beech), occasionally conifers (hemlock).
Cap: 1 – 4” [2.5 – 10 cm]
Yellowish-green/greenish-yellow, usually w/ purplish tint.
Smooth/slippery/sticky (velvety/fuzzy in age). Hemispheric. Margin
inrolled at first. Flesh white, firm. Taste may be bitter.
Gills: Yellowish/orangish-yellow. Attached/decurrent. Close.
Spores: Yellowish.
Stalk: Lateral. Yellowish/brownish. Hairy. Short.
Locations: LONGC, RKBRP.

Notes: After autumn’s first frosts.
Synonym: Sarcomyxa serotina.
M&M 140. McK 180, 20. Phi 245. Roo 22. Rus 198, #95.
OVERALL: Long Corner,11/9/2009, J Solem.

SIDE w/ GILLS: Long Corner,11/9/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and STALKS: Long Corner,11/9/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL: Long Corner,11/9/2009, R Solem.
152
Bitter Oyster Panellus stipticus Bitter Oyster Panellus stipticus
Luminescent Panellus Luminescent Panellus Mycenaceae
+++ --- --- -++ +++ +++ +-+ +++
ID: Cap pale brownish, minutely fuzzy; margin flares in age. Stalk
short , lateral.
Habitat: Groups, clusters or rows. On dead hardwood logs/sticks.
Cap: 0.2 – 1.2” [5 – 30 mm]
Dingy-white/pale brownish. Surface minutely scaly/ hairy/fuzzy.
Semicircular/kidney-shaped. Margin flares in age. Flesh tan, thin. Taste
slowly becomes acrid. (Spit out immediately!)
Gills: Pinkish/pale brownish. Attached/decurrent. Close/ crowded.
Narrow. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: Lateral. Whitish/brownish. Hairy. Short; cylindrical/ flattened.
Frequency: Very common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, DFWMA, GONRA, HAMVL, HENPV,
HIRIP, HOLLO, HOUOS, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP,
SUKBR, WESRP, WINTR.
Notes:
When very fresh, may give off a greenish glow in total darkness for
several minutes.
Synonym: Panus stypticus.
OVERALL: High Ridge, 9/9/2009, R Solem.
GILLS: Hammond Village, 11/23/2010, J Solem. References: Bar 296. BBF 219, 304. Bin 383. Lae 181. Lin 790, 501.
153
Japanese Parasol Parasola plicatilis Japanese Parasol Parasola plicatilis
Psathyrellaceae
--- +-- --- -++ -+-+
ID: Cap gray, grooved. Gills attached to collar-like ring.

Habitat: Scattered, clusters. In lawns and fields.
Cap: 0.4 – 1” [1 – 2.5 cm]
Gray/pale grayish-brown. Grooved. Curved/ovoid/ convex/nearly flat
(depressed disc in age). Flesh grayish, thin, fragile.
Gills: Grayish-buff, then gray; black in age (not deliquescing or only a
little). Free (attached to collar-like ring). Subdistant/distant. Brittle.
Spores: Blackish.
Stalk: 1.1 – 2.8” x 1/32 – 1/8” [3 – 7 cm x 1 – 3 mm]
White/transparent. Smooth. Dry. Cylindrical/enlarged base. Hollow in
age.
Locations: HIRIP, ORRBB, SLMLP, WESRP.
Notes: Appears overnight (when wet) and withers by noon.
Synonym: Coprinus plicatilis.
References: Bar 197. BBF 104, 281. Lae 177. Lin 600, 3. McK 279,
34. M&M 228. Pac 229.
OVERALL: High Ridge Park, 8/12/2008, J. Solem.
154
Poisonous Paxillus Paxillus involutus Poisonous Paxillus Paxillus involutus
Pacillaceae
--- --+ --- ---
ID: Cap orange-brown, smooth (dry), sticky/greasy (wet), covered

w/ matted hairs; flat/depressed in age. Gills stain reddish-brown.
Stalk yellow-brown. Odor.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground/decaying wood at base
of stump in coniferous/mixed forests.
Cap: 1.6 – 4.8” [4 – 12 cm]
Orange/dull brown/yellow-brown/red-brown, sometimes w/ olive tints;
covered w/ matted hairs. Smooth (dry), somewhat sticky/greasy (wet);
occasionally finely cracked in age. Flat w/ depressed center in age.
Margin inrolled until maturity. Flesh white/dull yellow/pale tan; stains
reddish-brown. Mushroomy odor.
Gills: Tan/dull yellow/olive-yellow; stains reddish-brown. Decurrent.
Crowded. Broad; forked and often pore-like near stalk.
Spores: Rust-ochre/white.
Stalk: 0.8 – 4” x 0.2 – 0.8” [2 – 10 cm x 6 – 20 mm]
Central/off-center and eccentric. Yellow-brown, often w/ darker brown
TOP: High Ridge Park, 8/27/2008, J. Solem. stains. Smooth. Cylindrical/tapered upward. Firm.
SIDE: High Ridge Park, 8/27/2008, J. Solem.
GILLS: High Ridge Park, 8/27/2008, J. Solem. Frequency: Uncommon.
Locations: HIRIP.
Notes:
References: BBF 220, 304. Lae 35. Lin 671, 287. M&M 289. McK
313, 38. Pac 236. Roo 149.
155
None Pholiota alnicola [complex] None Pholiota alnicola [complex]
Strophariaceae
---- --+ ++- ---
ID: Cap orange (gold in age); conical. Stalk gold, striated orange-
brown; ring remnants.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, close groups. On logs/stumps of
hardwoods/conifers, or buried wood.
Cap: 1.8 – 3.1” [4.3 – 9.2 cm]
Orange (gold in age). Cracks in age. Conical. Margin inrolled w/
fragments of veil along edge. Flesh (= 3X gill layer) yellow, thick. Strong
(unpleasant) odor when cut.
Gills: Yellow-orange; orangy-brown in age. Close. Narrow. Secondary
gills.
Spores: Cinnamon-brown.
Stalk: 2 – 3” x 3/8 – 1” [5 – 7.5 cm x 1.2 – 2.5 cm]
Striated orange-brown on gold. Dark fibrils (red-brown near base),
remnants of ring 3/8” [1.2 cm] from top, yellow above ring. Flesh white;
yellow when cut. Hollow. Most specimens had curved stalks.
Locations: HENPV, MPENA, RKBRP.

Notes: Descriptions of possible species included in cluster vary greatly
from source to source (e.g., BBF, Bar, Kuo) so above description is only
from specimens collected.
Synonym: Subgenus Flammula.
References: Bar 217. BBF 227key. Lae 91. Pac 192. Kuo.

GILLS, STALK, REMNANT of RING: Rockburn Branch Park,
9/22/2009, R Solem.
CAPS: Henryton,10/2/2009, R Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/22/2009, R Solem.
156
Bitter Pholiata Pholiota astragalina Bitter Pholiata Pholiota astragalina
Strophariaceae
--- --- --+
ID: Cap pinky-orange, paler margin (fades in age), smooth, sticky

when wet; conic (convex w/ umbo in age). Stalk white above, dull
orange below, white mycelium at base.
Habitat: Solitary, small groups. On logs or stumps of conifers.
Cap: 0.4 – 2” [2 – 5 cm]
Pinky-orange/apricot, paler margin (fading in age). Smooth w/ irregular
hairs; sticky when wet. Conic (convex with umbo or flat/recurved in age).
Margin irregular in age. Flesh yellow, soft. Taste bitter.
Gills: Light yellow/yellow-orange; discolor when bruised. Notched/nearly
free. Close. Moderately broad.
Spores: Orange-brown.
Stalk: 2 – 3.5” x 1/6 – 1/4” [5 – 9 cm x 4 – 7 mm]
White above; dull orange below. Orange/yellow fibrils. Equal. White
mycelium. Hollow.
Locations: HIRIP.
References: Bar 218. Lin 712, 66. M&M 261. Phi 202. Rog.

SIDE (young): High Ridge Park, 10/29/2009, J Solem.
GILLS: High Ridge Park ,10/29/2009, R Solem.
157
Golden Pholiota Pholiota aurivella Golden Pholiota Pholiota aurivella
Strophariaceae
--- --- --- +-- ---+
ID: Cap orangish-yellow, sticky/slimy under large flat scales. Stalk

yellowish-brown w/ fibrous scales below annular zone.
Habitat: Clusters. On trunks or stumps.
Cap: 1.5 – 6 ” [4 – 15 cm]
Cuticle orangish-yellow/yellowish-orange. Sticky/slippery/ slimy/smooth
beneath dispersed layer of large flattened scales (usually arranged
concentrically). Convex/nearly flat. Margin inrolled. Flesh yellow. Odor
indistinct or somewhat sweet.
Gills: Pale yellowish (reddish-brown in age). Attached. Close. Depth =
3X cap flesh.
Spores: Brown/rusty-brown.
Stalk: 2 – 3” x 1/4 – 5/8” [5 – 7.5 cm x 5 – 15 mm]
Yellowish/yellowish-brown. Covered w/ fibrous scales below annular
zone. Dry. Hollow.
Locations: HENPV, MPENA.
Notes: Idendification by microscopic examination of spores by R Orr.
Synonyms: P. adiposa, P. squarrosa-adiposa.
McK 270, #33. Pac 190fn. Phi 201. Roo 38.
SIDE: Henryton, 10/2/2009, R Solem.

GILLS and STALKS: Henryton, 10/2/2009, R Solem.
158
None Pholiota granulosa None Pholiota granulosa
Strophariaceae
++ +++ -++ --- --- -++
ID: Cap yellowish-brown, covered w/ tiny dark scales; convex.

Stalk pale yellow, darker below. White mycelium at base.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, close groups. On logs/stumps.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.4” [1 - 3.5 cm]
Yellowish-brown, covered w/ tiny dark scales. Dry. Convex/broadly
convex. Margin w/ yellowish/orangish veil remnants. Flesh light yellow.
Gills: Yellow/orange (brown and spotted in age). Attached. Close.
Secondary gills.
Spores: Orange-brown.
Stalk: Up to 1.8” x 0.1” [5 cm x 3 mm]
Pale yellow/orange; darker below. Scaly/flaky. Ring disappears. Flesh
light yellow. Hollow. White mycelium.
Locations: BRNBR, FULSA, MPENA, SLMLP, WINTR.
OVERALL: Browns Bridge, 10/16/2008, J Solem. Synonym: Flammula granulosa.

GILLS: Schooley Mill Park, 10/21/2009, J Solem.
References: Bar 218. BBF 224fn.
SIDE: Schooley Mill Park, 10/21/2009, J Solem.
http://www.mykoweb.com/Pholiota/species/ Pholiota_granulosa.html
159
Honey Scaly Mushroom Pholiota squarrosoides Honey Scaly Mushroom Pholiota squarrosoides
Strophariaceae
+--- --- --- --- +++ ---
ID: Cap white/buff, densely covered w/ tan scales, slimy when

wet; convex/flat. Gills never greenish. Stalk white/yellowish w/
brownish scales, whitish ring disappears. No odor.
Habitat: Clusters (rarely solitary or scattered). On or near hardwood
trees or stumps.
Cap: 0.8 – 3.9” [2 – 10 cm]
White/buff, densely covered w/ tan scales. Slimy when wet. Convex/flat.
Margin w/ yellowish veil remnants. Flesh pale yellow.
Gills: Whitish (brown in age), never greenish. Attached/ decurrent.
Close. Secondary gills.
Spores: Cinnamon-brown.
Stalk: Up to 3.9” x 0.4” [10 x 1 cm]
White/yellowish. Brownish scales. Whitish ring disappears.
Locations: HENPV, MPENA, ORRBB, RKBRP, SLMLP.
Notes: Confirmed by microscopic examination of spores by R Orr. (P.
squarrosa [not found] is supposed to have garlicy odor.)
References: Bar 216. Lac 191fn. Lae 79. Lin 717, 184, 188. McK 273,
#33. Phi 205. Roo 40. Kuo.

160
None Pholiota terrestris [or near] None Pholiota terrestris [or near]
Tricholomataceae
---- --- --- --- --- --- --- -+-
ID: Cap yellowish/reddish/grayish, center often darker, slimy when

wet; convex (nearly flat in age). Stalk color of cap, ring zone, white
rhizomorphs at base.
Habitat: Clusters. On ground in disturbed areas (roadbeds, path sides,
etc.); occasionally on visible wood.
Cap: 3 – 6” [2 – 8 cm]
Light-/dark-/yellowish-/reddish-/grayish-brown; often darker in center.
Small brownish scales may wear off in age. Dry (slimy in wet weather).
Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat in age). Margin usually finely
hairy/scaly.
Gills: Pale (dirty-yellow/cinnamon brown in age). Attached. Crowded.
Narrow.
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 1.2 – 3.1” x 0.4” [3 – 8 cm x 1 cm]
Color of cap. Dry. Smooth or finely hairy above ring zone, sheath-like
below ring (w/ downcurled scales). More or less equal. Densely hairy at
base. White rhizomorphs. Hollow.
Locations: RIVHL.
Notes: Kuo discusses the “terrestrial” pholiotas.
References: BBF 225key. Lin 718, 181. Phi 206. Kuo.
CAPS: River Hill,11/14/2008, J Solem.

GILLS and STALK: River Hill,11/14/2008, J Solem.
161
Gilled Bolete Phylloporus rhodoxanthus Gilled Bolete Phylloporus rhodoxanthus
Boletaceae
++++ +++ +++ ---
ID: Cap dull red, somewhat velvety; cracks may expose yellowish
flesh; convex (depressed in age). Stalk dull reddish-brown,
bruises yellow; yellow mycelium at base. Use NH4OH.
Habitat: Solitary, small groups. On ground/moss in hardwoods
(especially oak), conifers, or mown grass at edge of mixed forest.
Cap: 1.5 – 4” [4 – 10 cm]
Dull red/reddish-brown/olive-brown. Dry; somewhat velvety; cracks may
expose yellowish flesh. Convex (flat/shallowly depressed in age). Flesh
white, thick in center. NH4OH turns cap blue-gray.
Fertile Surface (“Gills”): Deep yellow/olivaceous-yellow; bruises blue.
Decurrent. Moderately well spaced. Separable from cap, often wrinkled
w/ crossveining.
Spores: Olivaceous/light yellow-brown.
Stalk: 1.1 – 3.5” x 0.2 – 0.5” [3 – 9 cm x 6 – 12 mm]
Dull yellow/reddish-brown. Nearly smooth. Tapered downward. Bruises
yellow. Yellow mycelium. Solid.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BRNBR, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, PIGTL,
RKBRP, ROGOR, SAVPK, SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.
References: Bar 159. BBF 353, 369. Bin 171. Lae 42. Lin 672,
324, 326. M&M 353. McK 314, 38. Pac 238. Phi 253. Roo 150.

162
Mock Oyster Phyllotopsis nidulans Mock Oyster Phyllotopsis nidulans
Nestcap Nestcap Tricholomataceae
--- --- --+ +++-
ID: Cap pinkish-orange (fades in age), hairy; kidney-shaped. Foul

odor. Bitter.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, overlapping clusters. On dead hardwoods
(but also on pines).
Cap: 1 – 3” [2.5 – 7.5 cm] (sometimes more)
Yellowish/pinkish orange; brownish/fading to orangish-yellow in age.
Densely fuzzy. Convex/kidney-shaped/nearly flat. Margin inrolled. Flesh
orangish. Foul odor. Taste very bitter.
Gills: Yellow/orange. Close/crowded. Fairly narrow. Secondary gills.
Spores: Pale pink to peachy-pink.
Stalk: None/very short. Base white, flocculose.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, HENPV, HIRIP, PIGTL, WINTR.

Notes: Similar species, P. subnidulans has more orange color, more
widely spaced and thinner gills (McKnight).
M&M 140. McK 181, 19. Phi 245. Roo 24.
TOP: Henryton, 11/17/2009, J Solem.

GILLS: Henryton, 11/17/2009, J Solem.
163
Veiled Oyster Pleurotus dryinus Veiled Oyster Pleurotus dryinus
Pleurotaceae
+--- --- --- ---
ID: Cap white w/ fibrils, margin inrolled. Stalk off-center; often

tapered down.
Habitat: Solitary/scattered/clustered. Decaying hardwoods.
Cap: 2 – 5” [5 – 12.5 cm]
White ground color (dull yellow-tan in age). Dry. Tiny matted grayish
fibrils (scurfy in age). Convex (broader in age). Margin inrolled (decurved
at maturity, often w/ flaps of white veil). Flesh white, firm, thick. Pungent
odor in age.
Gills: White. Eccentric/central. Decurrent. Close to subdistant.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 10” [5 – 12.5 cm]
Whitish. Equal/tapered down. May have membranous ring.
Locations: FARMS.
References: Bar 292. BBF 231, 306. Lin 792, 495. M&M 155fn.
Phi 238. Roo 42.
SIDE: St. Michaels Road, 6/28/2010, J Solem.

SIDE (young): St. Michaels Road, 6/28/2010, S Earp.
GILLS and STALK: St. Michaels Road, 6/28/2010, S Earp.
GILLS and STALK: St. Michaels Road, 6/28/2010, S Earp.
164
Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus [complex] Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus [complex]
Pleurotaceae
++-+++ +++ --- -++ +-+ ++- +++ ++++
ID: Cap color variable, fan-shaped; flesh thickness varies.

Stalkless or off-center.
Habitat: Scattered (sometimes), overlapping clusters. On hardwood
(usually) trees/logs/stumps.
Cap: 1.5 – 7.1” [4 – 18 cm]
Variable (dark brown, yellowish/grayish-brown, pale gray/tan, yellowish-
buff, creamy white, white). Moist/dry (but not viscid). Smooth or w/
appressed white hairs. Convex, oyster shell- to fan-shaped. Margin
inrolled. Flesh white, firm. (Some specimens had thick flesh, others thin.)
Pungent odor (or not).
Gills: White/grayish-white/pale cream. Decurrent. Close to subdistant.
Soft. Secondary gills.
Spores: White, buff, cream, or grayish- blue/lilac.
Stalk: When present, off-center/lateral 1.5” x 1.4”
[4 x 3.5 cm] White/dingy yellow. Dry. Solid. Often coated w/ downy
white hairs near base.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, CENPK, DANPV, DFWMA, FARMS,
FULSA, GONRA, GUIPK, HENPV, HIRIP, HOUOS, LKELK, MPENA,
MCHPV, MTPLT, NOFPK, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, UMDCF,
WESRP, WINTR.
References: Bar 291. BBF 232, 306. Bin 397. Lae 178. Lin 793,
484, 497. M&M 142. McK 181, 20. Pac 113. Phi 238. Roo 25.
Rus 200, 97.

GILLS: Browns Bridge, 11/9/2008, J Solem.
TOP: Wincopin, 8/26/2007, J Solem.
GILLS: MPENA, 10/2/2009, J Solem.
TOP: Mount Pleasant, 8/31/2007, J Solem.
SIDE: MPENA, 8/31/2009, R Orr.
165
Crimped Gill Plicaturopsis crispa Crimped Gill Plicaturopsis crispa
Pleurotaceae
--- -+- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --+ +-- ---
ID: Cap yellow-brown w/ dense hairs (white in age); shell-shaped.

Gill-like folds whitish/grayish, crimped/forked.
YOUNG OLD
Habitat: Groups, overlapping clusters. On branches and trunks of
hardwoods (beech, birch).
Cap: 3/8 – 7/8” [1 – 2.3 cm]
Yellow-orange, reddish-/yellow-brown (white in age). Dry. Covered w/
dense layer of fine hairs. Fan-/shell-shaped. Margin whitish/pale yellow;
undulating/lobed/scalloped; inrolled or decurved; wavy and usually torn
in age. Flesh thin, leathery (moist)/brittle (dry).
Gill-like Folds: Whitish/grayish; crimped/forked. Subdistant. Narrow.
Spores: White.
Stalk: None; or short, narrow extension of cap.
Locations: DANPV, LONGC, RKBRP, SLMLP.
References: Bar 296 and 147. BBF 27, 9. Lin 493, 472. M&M 435.
McK 80. Roo 27.

YOUNG
TOP: Long Corne r, 10/23/2010, R Solem.
FERTILE SURFACE: Long Corner, 10/23/2010, R Solem.
OLD
TOP: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/21/2010, R Orr.
FERTILE SURFACE: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/21/2010, R Orr.
166
Yellow Pluteus Pluteus admirabilis Yellow Pluteus Pluteus admirabilis
Pluteaceae
--- --+ +-- --- -+- --- ---
ID: Yellow/yellow-brown. Bell-shaped/flat. Gills

yellowish/brownish-pink.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. Decaying hardwood.
Cap: 3/8 – 1.1” [1 – 3 cm]
Bright yellow (hygrophanous, fades to yellow-brown in age). Moist when
fresh. Wrinkled or nearly smooth. Broadly convex/ bell-shaped w/ low
umbo (flat in age). Margin translucent/striate. Flesh white/yellowish.
Gills: Whitish, then yellowish (brownish-pink in age). Free. Close.
Spores: Brownish-pink.
Stalk: 1 – 2.4” x 1/16 – 1/8” [2.5 – 6 cm x 1.5 – 3 mm]
Yellow (darker in age). Moist. Smooth. Nearly equal.
Locations: HIRIP, MPENA.

Synonym: Pluteus admirabilis.
References: Bar, 188. BBF 234, 306. Lin 63, 229. M&M 202. McK
248, 30. Phi 159. Roo 161fn. Kuo.
167
Fawn Mushroom Pluteus cervinus Fawn Mushroom Pluteus cervinus
Deer Mushroom Deer Mushroom Pluteaceae
+++ +++ +++ -++ +++ +++ -++ +++
ID: Cap dull brown/gray-brown, viscid when wet; convex/bell-

shaped (flat in age), broad umbo. Stalk off-white/ brown; readily
separates from cap. Taste of radishes.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. Decaying wood (visible or buried), sawdust
piles, wood chips.
Cap: 1.2 – 4.7” [3 – 12 cm]
Dull-/gray-brown/cinnamon-brown. Smooth/streaked; often wrinkled
when young, greasy when wet. Convex/bell-shaped w/ broad umbo
(broadly convex/flat in age). Margin w/ veil remnants. Flesh (7 mm)
white. Taste of radishes.
Gills: White/pale-pink/salmon or light brown/tan. Free. Broad. Close.
Depth 13 mm.
Spores: Pink/salmon/brownish-pink.
Stalk: 2.0 – 3.9” x 0.2 – 0.8” [5 – 10 cm x 6 – 20 mm]
Off-white/brown. Smooth/dull brown/gray fibers. Cylindrical/bulged at
bottom. Flesh fibrous. Solid.
SIDE: Rockburn Branch Park, 5/20/2009, J Solem. Locations: ANNRK, BIGBR, CEDLP, DANPV, DFWMA, FULSA,
CAP: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, J Solem. GONRA, HENPV, HIRIP, HOUOS, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, PIGTL,
GILLS, STALK, and SIDE: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, J Solem. RKBRP, ROGOR, SAVPK, SLMLP, SUKBR, SVMLT, TUFTS, WESRP,
GILLS and STALK: Savage Park, 10/27/2008, J Solem. WINTR.
Notes: Cap readily separates from stalk.
Synonym: P. atricapillus.
168
Common Psathyrella Psathyrella candolleana Common Psathyrella Psathyrella candolleana
Suburban Psathyrella Suburban Psathyrella Psathyrellaceae
+---- -+- --- ----+
ID: Cap pale/dark honey-yellow, whitish in age; conic/ convex

(nearly flat in age). Stalk white, silky w/ white fibrils.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. Near decaying hardwood stumps; on
woodchips or lawns.
Cap: 1.1 – 4” [3 – 10 cm]
Pale/dark honey-yellow, sometimes purplish-brown near margin (whitish
in age). Covered w/ silky white fibrils when young. Conic/convex (nearly
flat in age). Margin striate w/ veil remnants. Flesh (1 mm) pale yellow/
whitish.
Gills: White/pinkish (gray-brown/violet in age); edges whitish and very
finely scalloped. Attached. Close/crowded. Thicker (4 mm) than cap
flesh.
Spores: Purplish-brown.
Stalk: 2 – 4.4” [5 – 11 cm]
White. Coated w/ silky white fibrils. Equal. Partial veil leaves evanescent
superior ring (or not). Hollow.
Locations: HENPV, MPENA.
McK 281, #25. Phi 234. Roo 201. Rus 34, #7.

CAPS, GILLS and STALK: MPENA, 10/14/2009, R Solem.
CAP and STALK (young): Henryton, 7/12/2010, J Solem.
169
None Psathyrella delineata None Psathyrella delineata
Psathyrellaceae
--- --+ -+- +++
ID: Cap reddish-/rusty-brown (fades in age); radially wrinkled;

broadly convex (nearly flat in age). Stalk whitish w/ silky fibrils;
white mycelium at base.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On decaying hardwood, mulch, or debris.
Cap: 1.1 – 2” [3 – 10 cm]
Dark reddish-/rusty-brown (dull orange-brown/dingy tan
in age). Covered w/ silky white fibrils in youth. Radially grooved/wrinkled.
Obtuse/convex/broadly convex (nearly flat in age), sometimes w/ broad
umbo. Margin sometimes w/ veil remnants. Flesh watery-brown.
Gills: Dull-white/pale brown (purplish-/rusty-brown w/ edges minutely
fringed in age). Free/attached high. Some w/ white edges.
Spores: Purple-brown/black.
Stalk: 1.5 – 4” x 3/8 – 5/8” [4 – 10 cm x 1 – 1.6 cm]
White/silky pruinose near apex; whitish/pale brown below; coated w/ silky
fibrils (darker in age). Conspicuous white mycelium.
Locations: FARMS, MPENA, PIGTL, ROGOR, SLMLP, WESRP.
References: Bar 206. BBF 238, 307. McK 282, 35. Phi 232. Roo 213.
Kuo.
SIDE: Western Regional Park, 10/31/2010, R Orr.

OVERALL w/ MYCELIUM: MPENA, 10/1/2009, J Solem.
PARTIAL VEIL, GILLS and STALK: Rocky Gorge Reservoir,
9/19/2009, J Solem.
MATURE GILLS and STALKs: Rocky Gorge Reservoir,
9/19/2009, R Solem.
170
None Psathyrella gracilis [or near] None Psathyrella gracilis [or near]
Psathyrellaceae
---- -+- --- ---
ID: Cap clay-colored/darker, margin often w/ pinkish hues; convex

(nearly flat in age). Stalk whitish.
Habitat: Scattered, small clusters. In woods/grassy areas, often in
woody debris.
Cap: 0.6 – 2” [1.5 – 5 cm]
Clay-colored/darker; may change color as it dries out. Margin often
develops pinkish hues. Smooth (wrinkled in age). Convex/broadly bell-
shaped/broadly conical/nearly flat. Margin lined (or not).
Gills: Pale (dark brown in age). Attached. Close.
Spores: Purplish-brown/purplish-black.
Stalk: 2.4 – 4.8” x up to 1/8” [6 – 12 cm x 3 mm]
Whitish. Smooth/fibrous. Equal.
Locations: PIGTL.
References: BBF 237key. McK 283, 35. Phi 232. Kuo.
171
Clustered Brittlestem Psathyrella multipedata Clustered Brittlestem Psathyrella multipedata
Psathyrellaceae
--- --- --- +++-+
ID: Cap clay-brown, darkens in age, grooved; convex. Stalk white,

brittle; base extends into soil.
Habitat: Dense clusters. On ground or decayed wood in forests, often
beside trails or in grass.
Cap: 0.4 – 1 2” [1 – 3 cm]
Clay-brown/yellow-brown; dark (blackish-brown in age). Bluntly
conical/convex, grooved. Margin w/ veil remnants. Flesh white, thin.
Gills: Tan/gray-brown (purple-brown in age). Notched. Crowded.
Narrow. Secondary gills.
Spores: Blackish-brown.
Stalk: 2.8 – 4.8” [7 – 12 cm]
White. Brittle. Base extends into soil. Hollow.
Locations: HAMVL, MPENA, WINTR.
References: Bar 203. Lae 108. Rog.
OVERALL: Wincopin,10/10/2008, J Solem.

GILLS and STALKS: Wincopin,10/10/2008, J Solem.
172
Clustered Psathyrella Psathyrella piluliformis Clustered Psathyrella Psathyrella piluliformis
Psathyrellaceae
--- +-+ --- ++- +
ID: Cap reddish-brown w/ sparse whitish fibrils; convex/broadly

convex. Stalk shiny-white, lower part w/ red-brown matted hairs.
Bitter.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On decaying hardwood logs/ stumps.
Cap: 0.6 – 2” [ 1.5 – 5 cm]
Reddish-brown (reddish-/cinnamon-brown in age). Hygrophanous.
Sparsely coated w/whitish silky fibrils. Convex/broadly convex. Margin w/
veil remnants, faintly striate. Flesh tan/beige. Taste bitter.
Gills: Brown to purple-brown. Attached. Close. Narrow. Depth = 2 – 3X
Spores: Purple/dark brown.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2” x 1/8 –1/4” [2 – 8 cm x 2 – 5 mm]
Shiny-white or spattered. Dry. Lower part covered w/ red-brown matted
hairs. Hollow.
Locations: BIGBR, MPENA, NOLAP, SLMLP.
Synonym: P. hydrophila.
References: Bar 203. BBF 238key. Lin 607, 93. M&M 239. McK
283, 35. Phi 232. Rog.
OVERALL: MPENA, 8/2/2010 , R Solem.

SIDE: MPENA, 8/2/2009, J Solem.
173
None Psathyrella septentrionalis None Psathyrella septentrionalis
Psathyrellaceae
--- -++ +--+
ID: Cap reddish-brown w/ silky whitish fibrils; obtuse/convex,

flatter in age; margin w/ partial veil when young. Stalk white.
Habitat: Scattered, clusters, groups. On decaying hardwood
logs/stumps.
Cap: 0.6 – 2” [1.5 – 5 cm]
Reddish-brown (pale to dark reddish-/cinnamon-brown in age). Sparsely
coated w/ silky whitish fibrils. Obtuse/convex (nearly flat in age). Margin
w/ white tooth-like veil remnants when young, grooved in age. Flesh
watery-brown/tan.
Gills: Pale brown (dark-brown in age). Attached. Close, forked. Depth =
2X cap flesh.
Spores: Purple-black.
Stalk: 0.6 – 2.4” x 1/16 – 1/4” [1.5 – 6 cm x 1.5 – 5 mm]
White (pale brown from base up in age). Powdery near top, silky
fibrillose/smooth below. Cylindrical. Partial veil white. Fibrous. White
mycelium at base.
Locations: MPENA, RKBRP, SLMLP, WINTR.
References: BBF 239, 307. Phi 327.

VEIL REMNANTS on CAP: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/14/2008, J Solem.
GILLS and STALKS: MPENA, 9/22/2009, J Solem.
174
Dung-loving Psilocybe Psilocybe coprophila Dung-loving Psilocybe Psilocybe coprophila
Strophariaceae
--- -+- --- --- ---
ID: Dark brown, shiny; convex; margin w/ tiny white patches. Gills
purple-brown, edges whitish.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On horse and cow dung.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.1” [1 – 3 cm]
Dark reddish-/orangish-brown. Dry/moist. Smooth, shiny. Convex/bell-
shaped. Margin typically w/ tiny white patches. Flesh brownish.
Gills: Pale brown/purplish-brown; edges whitish. Attached. Subdistant.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2” x 1/16 – 1/8” [2 – 5 cm x 1.5 – 4 mm]
Whitish (brown in age). Coated w/ tiny white scales/flecks. Equal. Partial
veil evanescent.
Locations: LONGC.
Roo 204.
CAP: Long Corner, 7/15/2010, J Solem.

OLD SPECIMENS: Long Corner, 7/15/2010, J Solem.
175
Black Jelly Oyster Resupinatus applicatus [or near] Black Jelly Oyster Resupinatus applicatus [or near]
Tricholomataceae
+--- --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Cap dark bluish-gray. Gills gray, then darker than cap.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On hardwoods (recently dead
wood).
Cap: 0.2 – 0.4” [4 – 11 mm]
Dark bluish-gray/grayish-black. Dry. Coated w/ tiny fibers.
Semicircular/fan-shaped (from lateral point); or saucer-shaped and
attached at central point (when growing on underside of logs). Flesh thin,
blackish.
Gills: Pale gray (dark gray/blackish in age). Subdistant. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: None or tiny pseudostem colored as cap.
Locations: BIGBR.
Notes: Kuo provides macro characteristics to distinguish this from
Resupinatus alboniger [not found].
TOP: Big Branch, 5/29/2009, W Earp. References: Bar 297. BBF 242, 308. Lin 795, 486. Kuo.
GILLS: Big Branch, 5/29/2009, W Earp. Also, there are photos on the web showing lateral attachment, e.g.,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Resupinatus_applicatus.jpg
176
Spotted Collybia Rhodocollybia maculata Spotted Collybia Rhodocollybia maculata
Marasmiaceae
--- --- --- +-+
ID: Cap white (rusty-brown steaks in age); convex (nearly flat in

age). Some gills serrated. Stalk w/ striations, color of cap.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, fairy rings. On ground in forests.
Cap: 1.4 – 4” [3.5 – 10 cm]
Pinkish-tan (white w/ rusty/reddish-brown streaks/spots in age). Convex,
sometimes w/ low, broad umbo (broadly convex/nearly flat in age).
Margin often splits. Flesh (10 mm) white. Odor somewhat unpleasant.
Taste bitter.
Gills: Whitish/buff (brown/rusty spots in age); some serrated. Attached.
Close/crowded. Depth 4 – 6 mm. Secondary gills.
Spores: Pinkish-/yellowish-buff.
Stalk: 2 – 4.8” x 3/8 – 1/2” [5 – 12 cm x 1 – 1.3 cm]
Whitish (rusty-brown spots in age). Dry. Longitudinally striate. Nearly
equal. White mycelium. Stuffed.
Locations: HENPV.
Synonym: Collybia maculata
McK 150, 17. Phi 73. Roo 253.
CAP and GILLS: Henryton,10/26/2009/2009, R Orr.

GILLS: Henryton,10/26/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Henryton,10/26/2009, J Solem.
177
Whitish Brittlegill Russula albidula [complex] Whitish Brittlegill Russula albidula [complex]
Russulaceae
---- --- --- +-+ +--
ID: Cap white/cream, sticky when wet; broadly convex (shallowly

depressed in age). Stalk white. Taste strongly peppery.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in mixed forests.
Cap: 0.8 – 3.1” [2 – 8 cm]
White/cream. Dry; viscid when wet. Broadly convex/flat (shallowly
depressed in age). Margin faintly striate. Flesh white, brittle. No
pronounced odor. Strong peppery taste.
Gills: White (pale yellowish in age). Attached. Close.
Stalk: 1 – 2.8” x 0.4 – 1.5” [2.5 – 7 cm x 1.0 – 2.3 cm]
White. Dry. Smooth. Cylindrical/tapers up. Stuffed (hollow in age).
Locations: BIGBR, HIRIP, LONGC, PIGTL, RKBRP.
Notes: ID was by macro characteristics, not by microscopic examination
of spores.
References: McK 317, 39. M&M 77.

GILLS, STALK S and CAP: Pigtail, 10/6/2009, J Solem.
178
Short-stemmed Russula Russula brevipes Short-stemmed Russula Russula brevipes
Russulaceae
+--+ --+ ++- ---+
ID: Cap white/cream (yellowish in age), coated w/ tiny matted

fibrils (& dirt); convex (funnel-shaped in age); margin uplifted in
age. Stalk color of cap.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in pine needles or in
mixed forests.
Cap: 3.5 – 8” [9 –- 20 cm]
White/cream (yellowish in age). Dry. Coated w/ tiny matted, fibrils and
often covered w/ dirt. Convex (nearly flat/funnel-shaped in age). Margin
inrolled (uplifted in age). Flesh (8 mm) white; brittle at first but spongy in
age. Taste acrid.
Gills: White, cream; stain reddish-brown. Attached/decurrent. Crowded.
Narrow, forked. Depth 2 mm.
Spores: White/cream/pale yellow.
Stalk: 1 – 3” x 1 – 1.5” [2.5 – 7.5 cm x 2.5 – 4 cm]
White/cream, often w/ pale greenish band at apex. Stains brownish. Dry.
Smooth. Cylindrical/slight taper downward.
Locations: HIRIP, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP.
Notes: Var acrior, bluish-green tints on gills and stalk top, very acrid
taste. Attacked by Hypomyces lactiflourum (which see).
TOP: North Laurel Park, 8/30/2009, R Solem.
OVERALL: North Laurel Park, 7/29/2008, J Solem. 318, 39. Pac 141fn. Phi 126. Roo 217fn.
GILLS: North Laurel Park, 8/30/2009, J Solem.
179
Firm Russula Russula compacta Firm Russula Russula compacta
Compact Russula Compact Russula Russulaceae
--- -++ ---
ID: Cap white/cream, stains cinnamon-brown, sticky when wet;

convex (flat/ depressed in age). Stalk color and staining like cap.
Odor fishy/ unpleasant in age.
Habitat: Solitary, scttered, groups. On ground in hardwood/forests.
Cap: 2.8 – 5.9” [7 – 15cm]
White/cream; stains cinnamon-/yellowish-/orangish-brown. Dry; sticky
when wet. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat and often depressed or
funnel-shaped in age). Flesh (= 2X gill layer) white, brittle at first but
spongy w/ yellowish tones in age. Odor fishy/unpleasant.
Gills: White; stain reddish brown. Attached. Close/subdistant, often
forked near stalk. Narrow/broad. Short secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.8 – 4.8” x 0.4 – 15” [2 – 12 cm x 1 – 4 cm]
White. Stains reddish-brown. Dry. Smooth. Cylindrical
but flared near top. Hollow in age.
Locations: HIRIP, NOLAP.
CAP: High Ridge Park, 8/13/2008, J Solem. References: BBF 244, 309. Lin 699, 286. McK 318, 39. Phi 126.
GILLS: North Laurel Park, 8/30/2009, J Solem. Roo 220. Rus 93, #43.
GILLS, STALK and CAPS: North Laurel Park, 8/30/2009, R Solem.
180
Green Quilt Russula Russula crustosa Green Quilt Russula Russula crustosa
Russulaceae
--- --+ ---
ID: Grayish-green quilt-like w/ orange tones; dull. Stalk yellowish.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in mixed forests (oak).
Cap: 2 – 6” [5 – 15 cm]
Grayish-/yellowish-green (often w/ orange tones). Convex (flat w/ sunken
center/vase-shaped in age). Dry, dull w/ whitish bloom; cracked, quilt-like
(sticky when wet).
Gills: White (yellow in age). Attached. Close. Somewhat broad.
Spores: Pale orange-yellow.
Stalk: 1.4 – 3.1” x 0.6 – 1.8” [3.5 – 8.5 cm x 1.5 – 4.5 cm]
Yellowish-white. Dry. Dull, smooth/felty. Longitudinal wrinkles. Stuffed
(becoming hollow).
Frequency: Uncommon?
Locations: PIGTL.
of spores.
References: Bar 312. Bin 179. Lin 700, 356. McK 325fn. M&M 79fn.
Phi 138. Roo 234fn.

181
None Russula decolorans None Russula decolorans
Russulaceae
--- --- --+-+
ID: Smooth orange cap. Flesh stains dark brown when cut. Use
KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground under conifers.
Cap: 1.5 – 4” [5 – 15 cm]
Coppery-/dull-orange. Smooth; viscid when wet. Convex (flat w/ central
depression or shallowly vase-shaped in age). Margin striate in age.
Flesh white, brittle, slowly stains gray/black when cut. Tastes mild. No
strong odor. KOH turns cap yellow (dissolves orange pigments).
Gills: Grayish-cream/yellowish-white. Attached, often forked near stalk.
Crowded. Bruise brown.
Spores: Pale/deep yellow.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 0.4 – 1.1” [4 – 12 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
White (gray in age or when handled). Dry. Smooth. Equal. Stuffed
(hollow in age).
Locations: GUIPK.
References: Bar 313. Lin 704fn. M&M 77fn. Phi 146. Kuo.
OVERALL: Guilford Park,10/29/2010, J Solem.

STALK and CAP: Guilford Park,10/29/2010, J Solem.
CLOSEUP OF FORKED GILLS: Guilford Park,10/29/2010, J Solem.
182
Almond-scented Russula Russula grata Almond-scented Russula Russula grata
Russulaceae
+---+ ++- ---
ID: Cap white/cream, sticky when wet; broadly convex (shallowly

depressed in age). Stalk white. Taste not distinctive or becomes
acrid.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in mixed forests.
Cap: 1.5 – 4” [2.5 – 10 cm]
Tawny to yellowish-brown (ivory when young). Smooth; viscid when wet.
Convex (broadly convex in age). Margin striate. Flesh white, brittle. Taste
not distinctive or becomes acrid.
Gills: Grayish-cream/yellowish-white. Attached. Crowded.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 0.4 – 1.1” [2.5 – 10 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
White/yellowish-white. Dry. Smooth. Equal. Stuffed (hollow in age).
Locations: LONGC. MPENA. RKBRP.
of spores.
Synonym: Russula laurocerasi.
References: Bar 315. BBF 245, 309. Bin 195. Lin 704, 306. McK 22fn.
M&M 82. Phi 128. Roo 227.
CAP: Long Corner ,6/19/2010, J Solem.

OVERALL: Long Corner, 6/19/2010, R Orr.
183
Green Russulas Green Russulas Green Russulas Green Russulas
Russulaceae
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- -----
ID: Any greenish-capped russula that does not stain when

bruised and has no distinguishing features to facilitate
identification based on macro characteristics. (The literature also
states that identification may be difficult when examining spores
under a microscope.)
Frequency: Common and widespread
Examples of species that probably occur in Howard County:
Russula crustosa (Bar 312, Bin 179)*
R. modesta (Bin 199)
R. olivacea (Bar 310)
R. subgraminicolor (BBF 246, 309)
R. varieta (Bin 211)
R. virescens (M&M 312, Roo 179)*
* These are documented in this publication.
Photo 1: R Orr. Photos 2, 3, 4: J Solem. Photos 5, 6: R Solem.
184
Blushing Russula Russula nigricans [complex] Blushing Russula Russula nigricans [complex]
Russulaceae
--- --- -+- -++
ID: Flesh stains bright orange/red, then blackish. Cap whitish

(blackish-brown in age); tacky when young, often cracked in age.
Acrid taste.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in moss/leaves in conifer
and hardwood forests.
Cap: 2 – 5.9” [5 – 15 cm]
Whitish (brownish/blackish-brown in age). Tacky when young, then dry;
often cracked/fissured in age. Felty. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat
w/ sunken center in age). Flesh white; stains bright orange/red, then
brownish/black. Taste slowly acrid.
Gills: Whitish; stain bright reddish, then black. Attached to collar.
Distant. Broad. Brittle.
Spores: White/pale cream.
Stalk: 1.1 – 3.1” x 0.4 – 1.5” [3 – 8 cm x 1 – 4 cm]
Whitish. Stains like cap. Some reticulation. Cylindrical. Flesh white.
Solid.
Locations: NOLAP, RKBRP.
Notes: Stains hands red. Russula nigricans is part of a cluster of
several species according to Kuo.
References: Bar 311. Bin 201. BBF 245.309. Lae 122. Pac 135fn.
Phi 128. Kuo.
GILLS, STALK, CAP: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/22/2009, R Solem.

GILLS and CAP: Rockburn Branch Park,10/13/2008, J Solem.
185
Matt Yellow Russula Russula ochroleucoides Matt Yellow Russula Russula ochroleucoides
Russulaceae
---- --- -+- --- ---
ID: Cap color variable, dull (dry), viscid (wet). Stalk white, base
yellowish-brown. Fishy odor.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood forests
(especially beech, birch, oak).
Cap: 1.5 – 3.5” [4 – 9 cm]
Variable (dull gray/grayish-green/olivaceous-buff/ olivaceous-brown).
Viscid when moist; soon dry and dull. Convex (flattened/depressed in
center in age). Margin often inrolled at first. Flesh white/grayish. Fishy
odor.
Gills: White/pale buff, often w/ brownish stains. Attached/ subdecurrent.
Close. Brittle.
Spores: Peachy-/buffy-yellow.
Stalk: 1.4 – 3.1” x 1 – 1.4” [3.5 – 8 cm x 1 – 3.5 cm]
White; yellowish-brown at base. Smooth/somewhat wrinkled. More or
less equal.
Locations: ROGOR.
References: Phi 143. Roo 229. Kuo.
CAP: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/19/2009, R Solem.

GILLS and STALK: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/19/2009, R Solem.
186
None Russula pulchra None Russula pulchra
Russulaceae
--- --- --+
ID: Cap reddish-orange (paler in age), minutely fibrillose, often

cracked in age. Stalk white (pink tones?)
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground under oaks.
Cap: 2.4 – 3.1” [4 – 10 cm]
Reddish-orange (pale peach in age). Dry. Minutely fibrillose; smooth and
often finely cracked in age. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat w/
depressed center in age). Margin finely striate. Flesh (6 mm) white,
stains pink.
Gills: White/cream. Attached. Subdistant. Broad.
Spores: White/cream/pale yellow.
Stalk: 1.1 – 4” x 0.6 – 1” [3 – 10 cm x 1.5 – 2.5 cm]
White (occasionally w/ pink tones). Dry. Smooth. Equal. Stuffed.
Locations: NOLAP.
References: BBF 246, 309. Bin 205. Phi 148. Roo 230.
CAP: North Laurel Park, 9/27/2009, J Solem.

GILLS and STALK: North Laurel Park, 9/27/2009, J Solem.
187
Red Russulas Red Russulas Red Russulas Red Russulas
Russulaceae
--- --- --- --- --- -----
ID: Any “russulas” with a reddish cap that do not stain when
bruised and have no distinguishing features to facilitate
identification based on macro characteristics. (The literature also
states that identification may be difficult when examining spores
under a microscope.)
Frequency: Common and widespread
Examples of species that probably occur in Howard County:
Russula cystidiosa (Bin 181)
R. emetica (Bar 314, M&M 83)
R. fragilis (M&M 84)
R. lentiginosa (Bin 197)
R. paludoca (Bar 313)
R. sanguinea (Bar 313, M&M 84)
R. tenuipes (BBF 246, 309)
Photo 1, 5: R Solem. Photos 2, 3, 4: J Solem.
188
Green Quilt Russula Russula virescens Green Quilt Russula Russula virescens
Russulaceae
+---- --- --- ---
ID: Cap gray/blue-green, quilt-like patches; hemispheric (broadly

convex in age). Stalk white.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in mixed forests (oak, beech,
pine).
Cap: 3 – 4.5” [7.6 – 11.5 cm]
Grayish-/dull bluish-green, lighter “quilt-like patches.” Dry; dull/velvety,
cracks into quilt-like patches. Hemispheric (broadly convex w/ depressed
center in age). Margin faintly striate. Flesh white, brittle.
Gills: White (pale yellowish in age). Attached. Close.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1.2 – 2.5” x 0.3 – 1.5” [3 – 6.5 cm x 0.8 – 2.3 cm]
White. Dry. Smooth. Equal.
Frequency: Uncommon?
Locations: LONGC.
Notes: Microscopic examination of spores by R Orr is basis for
identification.
References: Lae 131. Lin 700fn. M&M 79. Pac 146. Phi 138.
Roo 234.
SIDE: Long Corner, 6/19/2010, R Orr.

189
Shellfish-scented Russula Russula xerampelina Shellfish-scented Russula Russula xerampelina
Crab Russula Crab Russula Russulaceae
--- -++ ----+
ID: Cap purple/olive-green, stains ochre/olivaceous,

smooth/powdery; convex (flat in age). Stalk white to red, stains
like cap. Odor fishy/crab-like.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in conifer or mixed
forests.
Cap: 2 – 6” [5 – 15 cm]
Purple/olive-green/purple-red, blackish red near margin. Stains
ochre/olivaceous. Dry. Smooth/powdery. Convex (flat/slightly depressed
in age). Flesh white (brown in age). Fishy or shellfish smell.
Gills: White/cream. Attached. Distant in age.
Spores: Yellow/pale ochre.
Stalk: 2 – 3” x 0.6 – 1.2” [5 – 7.5 cm x 1.5 – 3 cm]
White to red. Stains ochre/olivaceous. Smooth/powdery.
Wrinkled/grooved. Tapered upward. Solid (hollow/ spongy in age).
Synonym: R. atropurpurea (listed in Pac 138).
References: Bar 314. Lae 127. Lin 707, 330. McK 325, 40. Phi 137.
Kuo.
CAP: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/12/2009, R Solem.

GILLS: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
190
Split Gill Schizophyllum commune Split Gill Schizophyllum commune
Schizophyllaceae
--- +++ ++- +++ +++ +++ +++ ++- +-- +-+ +++ ++-
ID: Cap grayish-white w/ dense hairs; shell-shaped. Gill-like folds

brownish-gray, often serrated, split lengthwise.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, overlapping clusters. On decaying
hardwoods.
Cap: 0.4 – 1.8” [1 – 4.5 cm]
White/grayish-white. Dry. Covered w/ dense layer of fine hairs. Fan-
/shell-shaped. Margin inrolled; nearly flat when wet, wavy and usually
torn in age. Flesh whitish/grayish (brownish tones in age); thin, leathery.
Gill-like Folds: White/gray or pinkish-/brownish-gray; often
serrated/torn. Subdistant. Narrow. Split lengthwise along free margin (at
least when wet).
Spores: White.
Stalk: None; or short, narrow extension of cap.
Locations: BIGBR, CEDLP, DANPV, DFWMA, DORWD, FARMS,
FULSA, GONRA, HAMVL, HENPV, HIRIP, HOLLO, HOUOS, LONGC,
MPENA, MCHPV, NOFPK, NOLAP, OFRR, PIGTL, RKBRP, SAVPK,
SLMLP, SUKBR, TROYH, WESRP, WINTR.
OVERALL, TOP: MPENA, 12/23/2008, J Solem. References: Bar 295. BBF 27, 9. Lae 181. Lin 493, 487. M&M 139.
OVERALL. TOP: MPENA, 12/5/2009, R Orr. McK 80, 6. Pac 292. Phi 245.
FERTILE SURFACE: MPENA, 12/23/2008, J Solem.
FERTILE SURFACE: Big Branch, 5/29/2009, W Earp.
191
None Stropharia coronilla None Stropharia coronilla
Strophariaceae
--- --- --- -+- --- ---
ID: Golden-brown/buff cap. Persistent ring. Use KOH.

Habitat: Single, scattered. In grassy/bare soil areas in forests, lawns,
pastures.
Cap: 1 – 2” [2.5 – 5 cm]
Yellowish/golden brown (buff/creamy white in age). Dry/ tacky (sticky
when wet). Convex/nearly flat. Margin w/ veil remnants. Flesh white, soft.
KOH turns cap reddish.
Gills: Whitish (purple-brown in age). Attached. Close. Broad.
Stalk: 1 – 2” x 1/8 – 3/8” [5 – 10 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Whitish. Woolly/fibrous (smooth in age). Dry. Cylindrical/tapered upward.
Persistent ring usually grooved on upper surface, collects purplish-gray
spores. Base w/ white mycelium.
Locations: MPENA.
Notes:
Synonym: Stropharia bilamellata (?)
References: BBF 149key. Lin 727, 215. M&M 255. McK 264, 32. Kuo.
GILLS, STALK and CAP: MPENA, 10/13/2010, J Solem.

GILLS, RINGS and STALKS: MPENA, 10/13/2010, J Solem.
192
Wine-cap Stropharia Stropharia rugosoannulata Wine-cap Stropharia Stropharia rugosoannulata
Strophariaceae
+-- --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Reddish-purple (tan in age); bell-shaped (flat in age). Thick

persistent segmented ring.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. Wood chips, mulch, straw.
Cap: 1.6 – 5.9” [4 – 15 cm]
Reddish-purple/reddish-brown (tan, buff, pale gray in age). Broadly
convex/bell-shaped (flat in age). Smooth. Dry. Flesh white, thick
Gills: White but soon purplish-gray, then grayish-/ purplish-black.
Attached/notched. Crowded. Broad.
Spores: Purple-black.
Stalk: 2.8 – 7.9” x 0.4 – 1.2” [7 – 20 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
OVERALL: MPENA, 5/5/2009, J Solem. White (stains yellow/brown in age). Fibrous. Persistent superior thick
GILLS, RINGS and STALKS: MPENA, 5/5/2009, J Solem. cottony-membranous ring w/ segmented underside and
segmented/grooved upper surface.
Locations: MPENA.
Phi 229. Roo 78.
193
Velvet Paxillus Tapinella atrotomentosa Velvet Paxillus Tapinella atrotomentosa
Velvet–footed Pax Velvet–footed Pax Tapinellaceae
++-- +-+ --+ ---
ID: Stalk velvety w/ matted blackish-brown hairs. Cap dull olive-

brown w/ matted hairs.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, clusters. On decaying conifer logs or stumps,
or on partially buried wood.
Cap: 1.5 – 5.8” [4 – 15 cm]
Dull olive-/rusty-/yellowish-/blackish-brown. Felty/ smooth; covered w/
matted hairs. Convex (flat and sometimes depressed in center in age).
Margin inrolled when young. Flesh whitish, thick, tough.
Gills: Tan/yellow-brown/dull yellow. Decurrent. Close, often forked/pore-
like near stalk. Depth = cap flesh.
Spores: Dull yellow/pale brownish-yellow.
Stalk: 0.8 – 4” x 0.4 – 1.2” [2 – 10 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
Eccentric/nearly lateral. Light brown. Velvety w/ covering of densely
matted dark-/blackish-brown hairs. Equal/ tapers up. Flesh whitish. Solid.
Locations: HAMVL, HENPV, LONGC, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR.
Synonym: Paxillus atrotomentosus.
References: Bar 224. BBF 220, 10. Lin 670, 322. M&M 288. Pac 237.
Phi 196. Roo, 148, McK 313, 38. Rus 92, #42.
CAPS: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 8/24/2009, J Solem.

GILLS, STALK, and CAP: Pigtail, 6/30/2009, R Solem.
194
None Tapinella panuoides
None Tapinella panuoides
Tapinellaceae
--- -+- --- --+ --- --- ---
ID: Cap olive-brown; convex (depressed in age). Gills easily

separated from cap.
Habitat: Scattered, overlapping clusters. On decaying conifer wood.
Cap: 1 – 4.4” [2.5 – 11 cm]
Olive-yellow/yellow-brown. Convex (flat w/ depressed disc in age).
Margin inrolled, uplifted (thin and wavy in age). Flesh whitish/pale cream.
Gills: Pale yellow/yellow-orange. Radiate from point of attachment.
Sometimes crossveined, wavy, or corrugated. Easily separated from cap.
Spores: Yellowish.
Stalk: None/rudimentary.
Locations: WINTR.
Notes:
Phylotopsis nidulans is similar but has foul smell and densely hairy cap
(M&M 288) and is usually on hardwood (Roo 24).
Synonym: Paxillus panuoides.
McK 313.

GILLS: Wincopin, 6/15/2009, R Solem.
195
Earth-gray Tricholoma Tricholoma myomyces Earth-gray Tricholoma Tricholoma myomyces
Tricholomataceae
---+ ++-+
ID: Cap ashy-gray, fibrillose/scaly; convex (flat in age), low umbo.

Stalk white/ grayish.
Habitat: Clusters. On ground in conifer forests.
Cap: 1 – 2.5” [2.5 – 6.5 cm]
Dark-/ashy-gray to brownish-gray. Dry. Fibrillose/tomentose, becoming
more or less scaly. Convex (flattened in age), usually w/ low umbo.
Margin uplifted in age. Flesh 1 – 3 mm.
Gills: White/grayish. Notched. Moderately close. Thicker (3 – 7 mm)
than cap flesh.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 2” x 0.2 – 0.4” [2.5 – 5 cm x 5 – 10 mm]
White/tinged grayish. Smooth/fibrillose (top third w/ appressed white
hairs; bottom w/ longer dark hairs). Equal. Hollow, fragile, easily splitting
lengthwise.
Locations: DFWMA, HAMVL, RIVHL.
Synonym: Tricholoma terreum.
References: Lae 59. Lin 806. Pac 64. Phi 50. Roo 263.
SIDE: River Hill,10/30/2009, R Solem.
OVERALL: River Hill,10/30/2009, R Solem.
196
None Tricholoma pardinum None Tricholoma pardinum
Tricholomataceae
--- --- ---++
ID: Cap whitish, fiber-streaked surface broken up into gray/dark

gray/lavender flat scales; convex (flat w/ umbo in age). Stalk color/
texture like cap, part in ground.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in moss in mixed (acid) woods.
Cap: 2 – 6” [5 – 15 cm]
Whitish base color. Dry. Fiber-streaked surface broken up into gray/dark
gray/lavender flat scales. Convex/ broadly convex (flat w/ umbo in age).
Flesh off-white.
Gills: White/cream or pinkish tinge. Notched. Close. Moderately broad.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 6” x 0.3 – 0.8” [5 – 15 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
White. sometimes w/ brownish fibers. Dry. Smooth. Sometimes
enlarged/club-shaped base and dark w/ part in ground. Flesh white.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, NOLAP.
Notes:
References: Bar 299. Lae 60fn. Lin 801, 355. M&M 126. McK
188, #21. Pac 65. Phi50.
PARTIAL VEIL, GILLS, STALK and CAP: Browns Bridge, 11/11//2008, J
Solem.
CAP: Browns Bridge, 11/11//2008, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Browns Bridge, 11/11//2008, J Solem.
197
None Tricholoma serratifolium [or near] None Tricholoma serratifolium [or near]
Tricholomataceae
--- ---+-
ID: Cap whitish w/ radiating gray fibrils (or scales). Gill edges
often serrated/eroded. Stalk color/texture like cap. Acrid aftertaste.
Habitat: Scattered. On ground in hardwood forests.
Cap: 1.1 – 3.1” [3 – 8 cm]
Whitish base color w/ pale-/brownish-gray tints. Dry. Silky w/ radiating
fibrils, sometimes w/ tiny grayish/ brownish scales. Depressed center.
Inrolled margin. Flesh white (pale-/brown-gray in age). Acrid aftertaste.
Gills: White; edges often serrated/eroded; sometimes blackening; bruise
yellow-orange, fade to brown. Attached. Close. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
GILLS, STALK and CAP: Big Branch, 11/3/2009, R Orr.
Stalk: 0.5 – 1” x 1/6 – 1/4 ” [1.3 – 2.5 cm x 4 – 7 mm]
White. Gray fibrils, scurfy. Almost equal. Often dingy white at base.
Stuffed.
Locations: BIGBR.
References: BBF 257key, Kuo key.
198
Decorated Mop Tricholomopsis decora Decorated Mop Tricholomopsis decora
Tricholomataceae
+--- --- -++ --- ---
ID: Cap yellowish w/ blackish fibrous scales; convex/flat, central

depression. Stalk color/texture like cap.
Habitat: Solitary, small groups. On debarked conifers.
Cap: 1 – 2.2” [2.5 – 6 cm]
Yellowish base color w/ blackish pointed fibrous scales. Convex/nearly
flat, sometimes w/ central depression. Margin irregular/wavy. Flesh
yellowish, jelly-like.
Gills: Yellow. Attached. Crowded. Narrow. Depth = 2X cap flesh.
Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 1 – 2.2” x 1/8 – 3/8” [2.5 – 6 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Yellow. Tiny, blackish scales. Flesh yellowish. Hollow.
Locations: BRNBR, WINTR.
References: Bar 302. BBF 266, 313. Lae 66fn. Lin 807, 302. M&M
160. McK 195, 20. Pac 72fn. Phi 55. Roo 214fn. Kuo.
CAPS: Browns Bridge, 8/24/2009, J Solem.
GILLS and STALK: Browns Bridge, 8/24/2009, J Solem.
199
Plums and Custard Tricholomopsis rutilans Plums and Custard Tricholomopsis rutilans
Tricholomataceae
--- --- --- --- --- +-- ---
ID: Cap yellowish w/ purplish-red scales/fibers; center depressed.

Gills yellow. Stalk color like cap.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On decaying conifers (especially pine).
Cap: 2 – 4” [5 – 10 cm]
Yellowish base color w/ red/purplish-red scales/fibers. Dry. Convex,
central depression (nearly flat in age). Flesh pale yellow, thick.
Gills: Yellow. Attached/notched. Close. Depth = cap flesh.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 2 – 4.3” x 0.4 – 1” [5 – 11 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Yellowish ground color. Red/purplish-red scales/fibers. Dry. Cylindrical,
often curved. Flesh pale yellow. Often hollow in age.
Locations: WINTR.
McK 194, 20. Pac 72. Phi 52.
CAP: Wincopin, 10/10/2008, J Solem.

CAP, GILLS and STALK: Wincopin, 10/10/2008, J Solem.
200
Fringed Tubaria Tubaria furfuracea Fringed Tubaria Tubaria furfuracea
Inocybaceae
--- +-+ +++ --- --+ --- --- ---
ID: Cap reddish-brown w/ whitish matted fibers; flat (margin

uplifted in age). Stalk (fibrous annular zone?); copious white
mycelium at base.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters (sometimes). On wood chips/debris,
or buried wood.
Cap: 0.4 – 2” [1 – 5 cm]
Reddish-brown (fading to tan/pinkish-buff). Moist and slippery when
fresh. Hygrophanous. Coated w/ whitish matted fibrils. Flat/convex.
Margin inrolled (wavy/uplifted in age). Flesh yellow-brown, thin.
Gills: Pale yellowish-buff (pale yellow-brown in age). Attached. Close.
Moderately broad.
Spores: Ochre-/brownish-ochre.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2” x 1/8 – 1/4” [2 – 5 cm x 2 – 6 mm]
Coated w/ whitish fibrils (become pale brown); silky
to pruinose above ring. Partial veil white, sometimes leaves fibrous
superior ring/annular zone. Copious white mycelium. Hollow.
Locations: DANPV, FARMS, HENPV, HIRIP, NOLAP, PIGTL, WESRP.
References: Bar 219. Lin 639, 78. M&M 292. BBF 268, 314. McK
303, 37. Phi 216.
OVERALL: North Laurel Park, 5/8/2009, R Solem.

GILLS and STALK: North Laurel Park, 5/8/2009, R Solem.
201
Bell-shaped Fuzzy Foot Xeromphalina campanella Bell-shaped Fuzzy Foot Xeromphalina campanella
Mycenaceae
--- --+ --- --- --- -+- ---
ID: Cap yellowish-orange, moist; broadly convex (depressed in

age); margin grooved. Stalk yellow at top, shades darker at
bottom; long orangish-brown hairs at base.
Habitat: Dense clusters. On decaying (often moss-covered) conifer
logs/stumps.
Cap: 1/8 – 1” [3 – 25 mm]
Yellowish-orange/orangish-brown. Moist. Smooth. Convex/broadly
convex (depressed center in age). Grooved margin, inrolled at first.
Gills: Pale yellow/pale orange. Attached at first, then decurrent.
Subdistant /distant. Secondary gills.
Spores: Pale buff.
Stalk: 0.4 – 2” x 1/32 – 1/8” [1 – 5 cm x 0.5 – 3 mm]
Yellow at top, shading below to dark reddish-brown. Tuft of long
orangish/brown hairs at base. Hollow.
Locations: PIGTL.
Notes: X. kauffmanii grows on hardwoods.
Synonyms: Omphalia campanella. Omphalopsis campanella.
195, 20. Phi 93. Rus 202, 98.

GILLS and STALKS: Pigtail, 10/13/2009, R Solem.
202
None Xeromphalina cauticinalis None Xeromphalina cauticinalis
Mycenaceae
---- --- -++ --- ---
ID: Cap orange-brown; convex w/ depression (flatter in age). Stalk

yellow-brown, darker at base. Bitter.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups (occasionally). In conifer forests on
debris.
Cap: 1/8 – 1” [5 – 25 mm]
Yellow-/orange-brown. Convex, depressed in center (nearly flat in age).
Taste slowly becomes bitter.
Gills: Pale yellow. Attached at first, then decurrent. Subdistant.
Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.4 – 3.1” x 1/32 – 1/16” [3 – 8 cm x 1 – 2.5 mm]
Yellow-brown to dark brown at base. Equal and straight. Pliant, tough.
Locations: LONGC, PIGTL, RKBRP.
References: M&M 193.
http://mushroomobserver.org/name/show_name/533

GILLS and STALK: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/12/2009, R Orr.
CAPS: Rockburn Branch Park, 9/12/2009, R Orr.
203
None Xeromphalina kauffmanii None Xeromphalina kauffmanii
Mycenaceae
--- +-- --- --+ --- --- ---
ID: Cap yellow (fades in age); smooth, moist; convex w/

depression. Margin inrolled/grooved. Stalk yellow above, darker
below.
Habitat: Dense clusters. On hardwood logs/stumps.
Cap: 0.2 – 1” [5 – 25 mm]
Brownish-yellow/rusty/yellowish, paler toward margin (fading in age).
Moist. Smooth. Convex/broadly convex w/ deep central depression.
Margin inrolled and grooved. Flesh light yellow, stains brown.
Gills: Pale yellow. Decurrent. Close, many cross-veins. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: 0.4 – 1.6” x 1/16 – 1/8” [1 – 4 cm x 1 – 2 mm]
Rusty-yellow above, darker brown below. Smooth/finely hairy.
Cylindrical, rather pliable. Hollow.
Locations: DANPV, HAMVL, PIGTL, ROGOR, SAVPK, SVMLT.
Notes: X. campanella grows on conifers.
References: M&M 193fn. McK 196. Roo 124fn. Kuo.
OVERALL: Savage Park, 10/3/2008, W Earp.

204
Rooted Collybia Xerula furfuracea [or near]
Rooted Collybia Xerula furfuracea [or near]
Physalacriaceae
--- -+- --- -+- +++ ---
ID: Cap brown w/ darker grooved margin; flat (depressed in age),

distinct umbo, rubbery skin. Stalk long w/ long underground
portion.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in mixed forests;
infrequently on decayed hardwood logs.
Cap: 0.8 – 4” [2 – 10 cm]
Light brown/dark grayish-brown w/ darker margin. Dry/slippery. Finely
velvety (nearly smooth in age). Convex/nearly flat w/ rubbery cuticle;
grossly wrinkled around distinct umbo, grooved (depressed in age).
Flesh white.
Gills: White. Attached but typically separating from cap in age.
Subdistant. Fairly broad. Secondary gills.
Spores: White.
Stalk: Above ground portion 3 – 8” x 0.1 – 0.8”
[7.5 – 20 cm x 3 - 20 mm] White beneath grayish/brownish
scales/fibers. Usually tapered upward, twisted. Flesh white. Hollow.
Locations: HIRIP, LONGC, PIGTL, RKBRP, WESRP.
Synonym: Oudemansiella radicata.
References: Bar 303. BBF 270, 314. M&M 174 fn. Pac 38. Roo 265.
Kuo.
OVERALL: (first 2) Rockburn Branch Park,

9/14/2008 and 8/12/2009, J Solem.
SIDE with ROOT: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/12/2009, R Solem
GILLS, STALK and ROOT: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/12/2009, J Solem.
205
Fleshy Pore Fungi
Aureoboletus
Boletochaete
Boletellus
Boletus
Bothia
Chalciporus
Gyroporus
Leccinellum
Retiboletus
Strobilomyces
Suillus
Tylopilus
Xanthoconium
206
None Aureoboletus auriporus
None Aureoboletus auriporus
Boletaceae
--+ +-- --- ---
ID: Cap pinkish-cinnamon (paler in age); coated w/ mottled fibrils,

moist and sticky; convex (flat in age); bleeds pink. Pores golden-
yellow (duller in age), bruise olive/dull brick red. Stalk
yellow/pinkish-brown; copious white mycelium at base.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. Under oaks.
Cap: 0.8 – 3.1” [2 – 8 cm]
Pinkish-cinnamon or pinkish-/vinaceous-brown (fading in age). Coated w/
matted fibrils. Moist and sticky. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat in
age). Flesh white/pale yellow, bleeds pink; cuticle and tubes easily
separated from flesh.
Pores: Brilliant golden-yellow (dull yellow in age). Slowly stain olive/dull
brick-red. Circular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (6 – 15 mm).
Spores: Olive-brown.
Stalk: 1.5 –- 4.5” x 0.3 – 0.6” [4 – 11.5 cm x 6 – 17 mm]
Pale yellow at apex, streaked/flushed pale pinkish-brown downward.
Flesh white. Solid. Copious white mycelium at base.
Synonyms: B. auriporus, B. viridiflavus.
References: Bin 45. BBF 337, 364. BRB 95. Phi 256. Roo 325.
CAP: Big Branch, 8/5/2009, J Solem.

PORES and STALK: Big Branch, 8/5/2009, J Solem.
207
Two-colored Bolete Boletochaete bicolor Two-colored Bolete Boletochaete bicolor
Red-and-Yellow Bolete Red-and-Yellow Bolete Boletaceae
+--+++ ++- ---
ID: Cap dark red/pink (yellow and finely cracked in age); convex
(flat/irregular in age); flesh yellow, stains blue. Pores yellow (dingy
in age), usually stain greenish-blue. Stalk club-shaped; yellow at
top, remainder rosy-red.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. In hardwood (oak) or mixed forests.
Cap: 2 – 6” [5 – 15.5 cm]
Dark red or other shades of red/pink (turns yellow in age). Dry. Velvety
when young (finely cracked in age). Convex (flat/irregular in age). Flesh
pale yellow, slowly/quickly staining blue.
Pores: Yellow (dingy yellow/olive in age). Stains greenish-blue
(sometimes). Free to attached. Angular. (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (3 – 10 mm).
Spores: Olive/gray-brown.
Stalk: 2 – 4” [5 – 10 cm]
Yellow at top, red/rosy red for remainder. Cylindrical/club-shaped. Flesh
yellow, quickly stains blue (or not). Solid.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, HENPV, HIRIP, MPENA, NOLAP, PIGTL, SAVPK,
SLMLP, TUFTS, WESRP.
Synonym: Boletus bicolor.
References: Bar 163. BBF 337, 364. Bin 47. BRB 97. Lae 190.
Lin 566, 412. M&M 394. Phi 258.

PORES: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, R Orr.
208
Ash-tree Bolete Boletinellus merulioides Ash-tree Bolete Boletinellus merulioides
Boletaceae
--- -++ --- -+-
ID: Cap reddish-brown; convex (flat in age). Pores pale yellow,

large. Stalk off-center.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground under or near ash trees
(obligate).
Cap: 2 – 4.8” [5 – 12 cm]
Yellowish-/reddish-brown. Dry/slightly sticky. Smooth
or w/ tiny fibers. Convex w/ inrolled margin when young; flat to
concave/wavy/irregular in age. Flesh yellow, sometimes slowly staining
blue-green when cut.
Pores: Pale yellow/dull gold. Usually bluing slowly when bruised,
gradually discolors reddish-brown. Pores elongated/radially arranged, a
little gill-like (1/mm or larger). Tubes (3 – 6 mm).
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.6” x 0.2 – 1” [2 – 4 cm x 6 – 25 mm]
Apex color like pores, lower color like cap. Lacks glandular dots; bruises
red-brown. Nearly equal; often curved, off-center.
Locations: EBERT.
Synonym: Gyrodon merulioides.
Notes: Howard County specimens were under 35-year old ash trees. B.
meruliodes is symbiotic with Meliarhizophagus fraxinifolii, the "leafcurl
ash aphid." The mushroom forms sclerotia that surround and protect the
aphid; in exchange, the aphid's honeydew gives nutrients to the fungus.
References: Bar 161. BBF 336, 10. BRB 187. Lin 564, 452. M&M 353.
McK 101, 12. Phi 275. Roo 321. Kuo.
OVERALL: Hallmark Road, 8/20/2009, R Solem.

PORES: Hallmark Road, 8/20/2009, R Solem.
209
None Boletus curtisii None Boletus curtisii
Boletaceae
--+ +-- --- ---
ID: Yellow-orange; convex; viscid; stalk similar.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in coniferous or mixed
woods.
Cap: 1.1 – 3.5” [3 – 9.5 cm]
Yellow-orange (brownish/whitish areas in age). Convex (broadly
convex/flat in age). Viscid/glutinous. Margin w/ narrow band of tissue;
incurved when young,
Pores: Whitish/buff/pale yellow (darker in age). Circular/angular (2 –
3/mm). Tubes (6 – 12 mm).
Stalk: 2.4 – 4.8” x 1/4 – 1/2” [6 – 12 cm x 6 – 13 mm]
Pale yellow/yellow. Viscid/glutinous. Scurfy at apex, smooth below. Base
w/ white mycelium.
Locations: HAMVL.
References: BRB 106, 289. M&M 389.

PORES and STALK: Hammond Schools, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
210
King Bolete Boletus edulis King Bolete Boletus edulis
Boletaceae
--- --- --+ +-- --+
ID: Cap brown/yellowish-tan, sticky when wet; convex/nearly flat.

Pores whitish (brownish-yellow in age). Stalk white/pale brown,
whitish reticulation on upper 1/3; sometimes bulbous. Use KOH
and NH4OH.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in forests (especially
conifer).
Cap: 1.8 – 10” [4.5 – 25.5 cm]
Brown/reddish-brown/pale cinnamon-brown//rusty-red/yellowish-tan. Dry,
sticky when wet. Smooth/slightly wrinkled. Convex/nearly flat. Flesh
white. Stains orange w/ KOH or NH4OH.
Pores: White (yellow/olive-yellow, brownish-yellow in age). Bruises
yellowish-olive/dull orange-cinnamon/pale yellowish-brown. Circular (2 –
3/mm). Tubes (10 – 30 mm).
Stalk: 2 – 10” x 0.8 – 3” [5 – 25.5 cm x 2 – 7.5 cm]
White/pale brown. Distinct whitish reticulation on upper 1/3. Enlarging
downward/nearly equal; sometimes bulbous. Solid. Stains orange w/
KOH.
Locations: ORRBB, RKBRP.
References: Bar 163. BBF 339, 365. BRB 108. Lae 187. Lin 568, 405.
M&M 392. McK 104, 13. Pac 240. Phi 272. Roo 301.

SIDE: Beaverbrook, 8/25/2009, R Orr.
PORES: Beaverbrook, 8/25/2009, R Orr.
CAPS: Beaverbrook, 8/25/2009, R Orr.
211
None Boletus fagicola None Boletus fagicola
Boletaceae
--- --- --+ --- ---
ID: Brown/yellow-brown; convex; velvety. Pores brown/yellow-

brown. Everything stains blue when cut, although not necessarily
at the same rate.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. Under hardwoods (oak, beech).
Cap: 1.5 – 6” [4 – 15 cm]
Brown/yellow-brown. Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat in age). Dry.
Velvety (sometimes cracked in age). Margin even, incurved when young,
may be yellow. Rapidly stains blue when cut.
Pores: Dark yellow-brown/brown (bright yellow near margin).
Circular/angular (1 – 3/mm). Tubes (8 – 20 mm). Rapidly stains dark
blue.
Stalk: 1.5 – 3.5” x 3/8 – 1” [4 – 9 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Yellowish/ochracheous ground color w/ brownish/grayish pruinescence.
Dry. Reticulation upper third/near top; base may be reddish. Stains
brown. When cut, flesh stains blue. Equal. Solid.
Locations: PIGTL.
Notes: Flesh stains orange w/ KOH; pores stain dark brown w/ KOH.
Synonym: Boletus spraguei.
CUT PORES, FLESH and CUT STALK: Pigtail, 8/31/2010, R Orr. References: BRB 109, 291. Roo 293fn.
CUT: Pigtail, 8/31/2010, R Orr.
212
Frost’s Bolete Boletus frostii Frost’s Bolete Boletus frostii
Apple Bolete Apple Bolete Boletaceae
--- --+ +-- ---
ID: Cap blackish-red/bright red (fades in age); convex (flat in age);

flesh yellow. Pores drab red (paler in age). Stalk reticulate, club-
shaped, dark red. Cap and pores stain blue rapidly; stalk slowly.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood forests (especially
oak).
Cap: 2 – 6” [5 – 15.5 cm]
Blackish-red/bright red (blood-red w/ yellowish spots in age). Whitish
bloom becomes smooth (sticky when wet). Convex (flat in age). Margin
inrolled when young (upturned in age). Flesh yellowish, rapidly stains
blue.
Pores: Dark red (paler in age); often w/ yellow droplets. Rapidly stain
blue. Circular (2 – 3/mm). Tubes (6 – 15 mm).
Stalk: 1.6 – 4.8” x 0.4 – 1” [5 – 15.5 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Dark red, often yellowish/white at base. Deeply and coarsely reticulate.
Club-shaped (cylindrical in age). Flesh slowly stains blue.
Locations: HAMVL.
References: BBF 339, 365. Bin 53. BRB 114. Lin 568, 408. M&M 385.
McK 106, 13. Phi 266. Roo 290.

SIDE: Hammond Schools, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
213
None Boletus hortonii None Boletus hortonii
Boletaceae
--- --+ --- --- ---
ID: Chestnut/ochre (or paler). Pitted cap. Pores and stalk yellow.
Use NH4OH and KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. Mixed woods (oak, beech, hemlock).
Cap: 1.6 – 4.8” [4 – 14 cm]
Chestnut/ochre, cinnamon/reddish-brown (sometimes paler in age). Dry
(viscous when moist). Dimpled/ pitted. Flesh whitish, sometimes bluing
weakly/slowly (or not).
Pores: Yellow (sometimes duller-/olive-yellow in age).
Sometimes staining slowly/weakly blue. Circular/angular
(2-3/mm). Tubes (5-10 mm).
Stalk: 2.4 – 4” x 1.4 – 0.8” [6 – 10 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Pale yellow/tan (occasionally w/ reddish tones near base). Equal/tapers
up.
Locations: MPENA.
Synonyms: Leccinum hortonii. Xerocomus hortinii.
Notes: Cap bluish-green flash w/ NH4OH (then olive-brown); olive-
brown w/ KOH.
References: Bin 57. BRB 119, 295-6. Phi 263. Rog. Kuo.
CAPS, PORES and STALKS: MPEA, 7/22/2010, R Solem.
214
Clustered Brown Bolete Boletus innixus Clustered Brown Bolete Boletus innixus
Boletaceae
--- --- --+ --- ---
ID: Grayish-brown, cap cracks in age; bright yellow pores.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground under hardwoods (oaks).
Cap: 1.1 – 3.1” [3 – 8 cm]
Reddish-/yellow-/grayish-brown. Cracked in age; dry, viscid when wet.
Convex (broadly convex in age).
Pores: Golden yellow (dull yellow in age). Circular/angular (1 – 3/mm; 2
mm in age). Tubes (3 – 10 mm).
Stalk: 1.1 – 2.4” x 3/8 – 5/8” [3 – 6 cm x 1 – 1.6 cm}
Yellowish w/ dark brown tones. Often enlarged down, club-shaped then
tapered. May show yellow mycellium.
Locations: HAMVL, RKBRP.
Synonyms: Aureoboletus innixus. Boletus caespictosus.
References: Bin 63. BBF 340, 365. BRB 123, 297. Phi 274. Roo 327.
CAP: Hammond Schools, 8/25/2010, J Solem.

CAP and PORES: Hammond Schools, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
215
None Boletus longicurvipes None Boletus longicurvipes
Boletaceae
+--- ---++
ID: Cap yellow-orange (olive-green in age), sticky when fresh;

convex (broader in age). Pores pale yellow. Stalk
whitish/yellowish; scurfy scales reddish in age.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in oak-pine forests.
Cap: 0.6 – 2.4” [1.6 – 6 cm]
Yellow-brown/yellow-orange/orange/reddish-orange/orange-brown (often
olive-green w/ orange center in age). Smooth/slightly wrinkled/pitted;
sticky/slimy when fresh. Convex (broadly convex in age). Flesh (8 mm)
white, becoming pale yellowish.
Pores: Pale-/dingy-/olive-yellow or greenish-gray. Circular/ angular
(2/mm). Tubes (8 – 12 mm).
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 2 – 3.5” x 0.4 – 0.8” [5 – 9 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Whitish/yellowish or w/ reddish-pinkish-tan tones. Scurfy w/ tiny scales
yellow (reddish in age). Nearly equal/ tapers up; often curved above
base. Solid. White mycelium.
Locations: BRNBR, HENPV, HIRIP, NOLAP.
Synonym: Leccinum longicurvipes.
References: BBF 341, 365. BRB 125. Phi 260. Roo 328.

PORES and STALK: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, R Solem.
216
Pallid Bolete Boletus pallidus Pallid Bolete Boletus pallidus
Boletaceae
-+- +-+ ++-
ID: Cap whitish-buff; dingy and cracked in age, sticky when wet;
convex (flat in age). Pores lemon-yellow, more yellow in age, stain
greenish-blue then grayish-brown. Stalk whitish; white mycelium
at base.
Habitat: Solitary, close groups. On ground or rotted wood in mixed
forests (especially oak).
Cap: 1.8 – 6” [4.5 – 15.5 cm]
Whitish/buff/pale gray-brown (dingy brown w/ rose tints
in age). Dry, slightly sticky when wet; finely cracked in age. Convex
(broadly convex/flat/slightly depressed in age). Flesh (= 2X tubes)
whitish/pale yellow, slowly stains pinkish/bluish/yellow and becomes
spongy.
Pores: Lemon-yellow (yellow/greenish-yellow in age). Stains greenish-
blue, then grayish-brown. Circular, angular in age (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (7 –
20 mm).
Spores: Olive/brown/gray.
Stalk: 2 – 4.8” x 0.4 – 1” [5 – 12 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Whitish, sometimes yellow at top w/ reddish flush at base in age.
Smooth/slightly reticulate near top. Flesh ometimes stains blue or yellow.
Solid/spongy. Often w/ white mycelium at base.
Locations: BIGBR, FARMS, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC, PIGTL, RKBRP.
References: Bar 162. BBF 342, 366. Bin 73. BRB 136. M&M 396.
Phi 258. Roo 318.

PORES and STALK: Pigtail, 8/4/2009, J Solem.
CAP: Henryton, 9/4/2009, J Solem.
217
None Boletus pulverulentus None Boletus pulverulentus
Boletaceae
--- --- --- ---+
ID: Flesh, pores, stalk instantly stain deep blue then gray/brown.
Cap yellow-brown, viscid when wet; convex (flatter in age). Pores
yellow. Stalk yellow top, reddish-
brown below; white mycelium at base.
Cap: 1.5 – 3” [4 – 7.5 cm]
Dark yellow-brown/dark-/reddish-brown. Viscid when wet.
Velvety/powdery (smooth/irregular and slightly shiny in age). Convex
(nearly flat in age). Thick yellow flesh, instantly staining deep blue.
Pores: Yellow/golden-yellow. Instantly staining deep blue, later
tan/brown. Irregular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (6 – 12 mm).
Stalk: 1.8 – 3.6” x 0.4 – 1” [4 – 8 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Yellow at top, reddish-orange/reddish-brown below.
Faint striations. Cylindrical. Flesh instantly bruises black-blue, then
gray/brown. White mycelium at base.
Locations: ROGOR.
References: BRB 144. Lae 192. Pac 255. Phi 262. Roo 320.
OVERALL: Rocky Gorge Reservoir,10/6/2008, J Solem]

CUT (fruiting body): Rocky Gorge Reservoir,10/6/2008, J Solem.
218
None Boletus rubellus [complex] None Boletus rubellus [complex]
Boletaceae
+-+ --- +-+ --- ---
ID: Flesh, pores, stalk stain bluish-green. Cap dark red; cracked in
age, velvety; convex (flatter in age). Pores yellow. Stalk yellow at
top, rest w/ reddish dots. Cap and stalk flesh yellow.
forests (especially oak and beech).
Cap: 0.8 – 3.1” [2 – 8 cm]
Dark red (brick-red in age). Dry, often cracked in age. Velvety. Convex
(nearly flat/typically depressed in age). Veil remnant white. Flesh bright
yellow, stains blue/bluish-green.
Pores: Yellow. Bruise bluish-green. Typically depressed in age. Angular
and thick-walled (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (6 – 10 mm).
Stalk: 1.1 – 3.1 ” x 1/4 – 1/2” [3 – 8 cm x 5 – 13 mm]
Yellow at apex w/ dull reddish dots from base to apex, bruises brown.
Equal/tapers down, often w/ narrowed base. Flesh yellow at top, red near
base, stains blue/bluish-green. Fibrous.
Locations: CASCT, MPENA, NOLAP.
Synonym: Xerocomus rubellus.
References: BBF 344, 366. Bin 79. BRB 152. Lae 193. Phi 258.
OVERALL: MPENA, 8/26/2009, ROrr.
CAP: North Laurel Park, 8/4/2008, J Solem. Rog.
219
Red-mouth Bolete Boletus subvelutipes [group] Red-mouth Bolete Boletus subvelutipes [group]
Boletaceae
--- --+ --+ ---
ID: Cap variable. Pores red to orange. All parts stain blue/blue-
black.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground under hardwoods (oak).
Cap: 2.4 – 5.1” [6 – 13 cm]
Color variable (cinnamon-/yellow-/reddish-brown to reddish-
orange/orange-yellow). Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat in age).
Finely velvety (finely cracked in age). Dry. Cap, flesh, pores, and stalk
quickly stain blue/blue-black. Flesh yellow, stains blue instantly, fades to
white.
Pores: Red to orange (paler in age). Circular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (8 – 26
mm). Stain dark blue/blue-black quickly when bruised.
Spores: Pale brown.
Stalk: 1.1 – 4” x 3/8 – 3/4” [3 – 10 x 1 – 2 cm]
Reddish-yellow w/ red dots. Young specimens w/ yellow stiff hairs at
base (dark red in age).
Locations: HAMVL, RKBRP.
Notes:
References: Bin 85. BBF 347, 367. BRB 167, 315. Kuo.

PORES and STALK: Rockburn Branch Park, 7/28/2010, J Solem.
220
None Boletus variipes
None Boletus variipes
Boletaceae
--- --- -- --+ --- ---
ID: Brownish cap, white pores; tan, sometimes reticulated stalk.

Use KOH and NH4OH.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. Under hardwoods (occasionally conifers).
Cap: 2.4 – 8” [6 – 20 cm]
Brown, grayish-/yellowish-brown. Convex (broadly convex/flat in age).
Dry. Velvety (cracks in age). Flesh white. Cap stains dark amber w/
purplish-black zone w/ KOH or NH4OH. Flesh stains pale pinkish-orange,
then grayish w/ KOH.
Pores: White (yellowish-olive in age). Circular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (1 – 3
cm).
Stalk: 3.1 – 6” x 0.4 – 1.4” [8 – 15 cm x 1 – 3.5 cm]
Whitish to yellowish-/grayish-brown. Reticulated or not. Equal or tapers
up. Solid.
Locations: HAMVL.
References: BBF 326key. BRB 168, 316. Phi 269.

221
None Boletus vermiculosoides None Boletus vermiculosoides
Boletaceae
--+ --- --- ---
ID: Yellow (brown in age); top a little woolly; yellow flesh. Pores
dark brown. Stalk brown over pale yellow. All parts stain blue, then
dark or orangish-brown. Use NH4OH and KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground under oak.
Cap: 1.5 – 4.8” [4-12 cm]
Yellow (brown in age). Convex (broadly convex in age). Dry. A little
woolly. Flesh yellow (pale yellow in age), turns blue immediately when
cut. Odor disagreeable.
Pores: Dark brown (paler in age). Stain blackish-blue, then slowly dull
brownish-orange. Circular/angular (2-3/mm). Tubes (6-20 mm).
Stalk: 1.5 – 4” x 0.4 – 0.8” [4 – 10 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Brownish-pruinose over dull whitish/pale yellow ground color w/ olive
tints. Stains blue, then dark brown.
Locations: BIGBR, MPENA.
Notes: Cap turns mahogony-red/very dark brown w/ NH4OH or KOH.
Blued flesh yellow-orange/deep yellow, then white w/ NH4OH or KOH.
References: Bin 91. BBF 347, 367. BRB 169, 316. Roo 293
CAP: MPENA, 7/22/2010, J Solem.

PORES and STALK: MPENA, 7/22/2010, J Solem.
CHEWED CAP: MPENA, 7/22/2010, J Solem.
222
None Boletus vermiculosus [cluster] None Boletus vermiculosus [cluster]
Boletaceae
-+- --+ +-+ ++-
ID: Cap, pores, stalk instantly stain deep blue. Pores deep red.
Cap tan/brown, velvety; convex (flat in age). Stalk light yellow w/
brownish prunescence. Use KOH and NH4OH.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in hardwood forests
(oak).
Cap: 1.5 – 4.5” [4 – 11.5 cm]
Brown to date-brown. Dry. Dull, velvety at first, sometimes cracked in
age. Convex/broadly convex (flat in age). Margin inrolled at first.
White/light yellow flesh (8 mm) instantly (or slowly) staining dark blue
when bruised. Cap stains vinaceous w/ KOH or NH4OH.
Pores: Dark-/coffee-/orange-brown. Instantly staining blackish-blue.
Angular (2 – 3/mm). Tubes (6 – 20 mm).
Spores: Olive-brown/tan.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.5” x 0.4 – 0.8” [4 – 9 cm x 1 – 2 cm
Light yellow w/ brownish pruinescence. Tapers up. Flesh light yellow,
instantly staining dark blue.
Locations: BIGBR, FARMS, PIGTL, SAVPK.
Notes: Tubes on one specimen were only 1 mm long. Kuo: Boletus
vermiculosoides lacks yellow tones in the cap.
References: BBF 348, 367. BRB 170. Phi 270. Roo 293fn.
OVERALL: Big Branch, 8/5/2009, J Solem.

OVERALL (old): Pigtail, 6/18/2009, R Solem.
PORES and STALK: Savage Park, 9/18/2008, J Solem.
CAP: Pigtail, 9/7/2009, J Solem.
PORES and STALK: Pigtail, 9/7/2009, J Solem.
223
None Bothia castanella None Bothia castanella
Boletaceae
--- --+ --- ---
ID: Reddish-brown, convex, buff gills. Use KOH and NH4OH.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. Under oaks.
Cap: 1.1 – 3.1” [3 – 8 cm]
Reddish-/burgundy-/darker yellow-brown. Convex (flat or shallowly
depressed in age). Dry. Densely tomentose (nearly smooth in age).
Margin even/wavy or irregular.
Pores: Pinkish-buff/tan/buff (darker yellowish-brown in age). Stains
ochracheous-tawny. Angular/elongated, radiating (2 mm). Tubes (6 mm).
Spores: Pale ochre-brown.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2.8” x 1/4 – 3/4” [2 – 7 cm x 6 – 20 mm]
Color of cap or paler. Smooth or reticulate at top. Equal (or slight taper
either way). Solid.
CAP: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
Locations: RKBRP.
Notes: With KOH, cap dark brown, then amber/yellowish amber; variable
w/ NH4OH. Flesh pale brown w/ KOH; pale yellow w/ NH4OH.
Synonyms: Suillus castanellus. Boletinus castanellus. Boletinus
squarrosoides.
References: Bin 217. BBF 334key. BRB 232, 334. Roo 309.
224
Purple-red Bolete Chalciporus rubinellus Purple-red Bolete Chalciporus rubinellus
Boletaceae
--+ --- ---
ID: Rose-red velvety cap, pores, and stalk. Flesh bright yellow.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in mixed woods.
Cap: 0.8 – 1.8” [2 – 4.5 cm]
Red/reddish (yellow in age). Broadly conic (broadly convex in age). Dry,
viscid when moist. Velvety/ somewhat tomentose. May crack in age.
Flesh bright yellow.
Pores: Rose-red (dull rose-red/rose-pink in age). Angular (1-2/mm).
Tubes (6-10 mm).
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.4” x 1/4 - 1/2” [2 – 3.5 cm x 6 – 12 mm]
Red/reddish (yellowish in age). Nearly equal. Solid.
PORES and STALK: MPENA, 7/22/2010, R Solem. Frequency: Uncommon.
Locations: MPENA.
Synonym: Boletus rubinellus.
References: BRB 174, 318.
225
Chestnut Bolete Gyroporus castaneus Chestnut Bolete Gyroporus castaneus
Boletaceae
--- --- -++ --- ---
ID: Chestnut color, rounded cap; velvety/smooth. Margin may split

in age. Pores whitish. Stalk brittle.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in mixed
hardwood/conifer forests.
Cap: 1.1 – 4” [3 – 10 cm]
Chestnut-/yellow-/orange-brown. Rounded/broadly convex (flat/slightly
depressed in age). Finely velvety/nearly smooth. Dry. Margin often
splits/flares in age. Flesh white, brittle.
Pores: Whitish/buff/yellowish. Circular (1 – 3/mm). Tubes (5 – 8 mm).
Spores: Pale yellow/buff.
Stalk: 1.1 – 3.5” x 1/4 – 5/8” [3 – 9 cm x 6 – 16 mm]
Color of cap or lighter at apex. Surface uneven, lacks reticulation.
Thicker in middle. Stuffed but hollow in age. Brittle.
SIDE: Western Regional Park, 8/21/2010, J Solem. Notes: Cap stains yellow, then bleaches white w/ KOH; stains amber-
PORES and STALK: Western Regional Park, 8/21/2010, J Solem. orange w/ NH4OH.
Locations: HENPV, MPENA, PIGTL, SUKBR, WESRP.
References: BBF 350, 368. BRB 189. Lin 575, 384. McK 110, 11.
M&M 367. Phi 274. Roo 331.
226
Red Gyropurus Gyroporus purpurinus Red Gyropurus Gyroporus purpurinus
Boletaceae
--- -+-
ID: Cap vinaceous red; uneven; convex (flatter in age). Pores

white (yellow in age). Stalk color of cap.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in hardwood forests (oak).
Cap: 0.4 – 3.5” [1 – 9 cm]
Vinaceous red/burgundy. Dry. Uneven, minutely velvety. Broadly convex
(flatter and somewhat sunken in age). Margin even. Flesh (4 mm) white,
hard, brittle.
Pores: White (slowly aging yellow). Typically depressed near stalk in
age. Circular (1 – 3/mm). Tubes (5 – 8 mm).
Spores: Bright yellow.
Stalk: 1.2 – 2.4” x 1/8 – 3/8” [3 – 6 cm x 3 – 8 mm]
Color of cap or browner. Dry, somewhat roughened/velvety, lacks
reticulation. Hollow in age.
Locations: TUFTS.
References: BRB 191. Lin 576, 411. Kuo. Rog.
TOP: Duvall Road, 9/14/2009, J Solem.

PORES, STALK and CAP: Duvall Road, 9/14/2009, R Solem.
227
None Leccinellum albellum None Leccinellum albellum
Boletaceae
---+ +-- +-- --- ---
ID: Cap color variable (whitish/brownish/gray); pitted and cracked

in age; hemispheric. Pores white (brownish in
age). Stalk whitish or colored like cap, rough w/ whitish scabers.
Habitat: Solitary, groups.On ground in hardwood forests (especially
oak).
Cap: 1 – 2.5” [2.5 – 6.5 cm]
Variable (whitish/grayish-buff/pale tan/brownish-gray). Dry. Smooth to
pitted; cracked in age. Hemispheric. Flesh white.
Pores: White (yellowish-gray/brownish in age). Angular (< 1/mm). Tubes
(<= 10 mm).
Spores: Brown/olive-brown.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.5” x 0.2 – 0.5” [4 – 9 cm x 5 – 12 mm]
Whitish or colored like cap. Surface rough (whitish/
brown scabers in lines in age). Cylindrical/tapers up. Solid/stuffed.
Locations: BIGBR, LONGC, WESRP.
Synonym: Leccinum albellum.
References: Bin 165. BRB 194. M&M 371. Roo 332. Phi 279.
Kuo.

PORES AN D STALK: Long Corner, 8/7/2009, J Solem.
228
Gray Bolete Retiboletus griseus Gray Bolete Retiboletus griseus
Boletaceae
--- --- +++ ---
ID: Cap brownish-gray(yellow/ochre tints in age); convex (flat in

age); flesh may stain. Pores whitish, may stain brownish-gray.
Stalk whitish w/ yellow reticulation.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in mixed forests (especially oak).
Cap: 1.1 – 3.1” [3 – 8 cm]
Pale/dark/brownish-gray (sometimes w/ yellow/ochre tints in age). Dry.
Dark fibers, smooth and dull (often scaly in age). Convex (almost flat in
age). Flesh whitish w/ yellow-brown around pores. Stains dingy
red/brown (or not).
Pores: Whitish/grayish/dingy gray-brown (not yellow). Stains
brownish/gray. Circular (1 – 2/mm) Tubes (8 – 20 mm).
Spores: Ochre/yellow-brown.
Stalk: 1.6 – 5.8” x 0.4 – 1.4” [4 – 14.5 cm x 1 – 3.5 cm]
Whitish/grayish (yellow tones from base up in age and may have reddish
stains). Yellow reticulation becoming dark in age. Flesh yellow, solid.
Locations: FARMS, HAMVL, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, WESRP.
Synonym: Boletus griseus.
OVERALL: North Laurel Park, 8/11/2008, J Solem. References: Bar 165 BBF 340, 365. Bin 55. BRB 116. Lin 570fn.
Phi 266. Roo 302.
229
Ornate-stalked Bolete Retiboletus ornatipes Ornate-stalked Bolete Retiboletus ornatipes
Goldstalk Goldstalk Boletaceae
+-- --- --+ ---
ID: Cap variable (gray to brown), center often darker, velvety;

convex (flat in age); flesh yellow. Pores yellow, stain brighter.
Stalk golden-yellow (darker in age), coarse reticulation.
Habitat: Solitary, close groups. On ground in hardwood forests, often in
disturbed areas.
Cap: 1.6 – 6.3” [4 – 16 cm]
Variable (pale-/purplish-gray, yellow, olive, or brown), often dark at
center to yellow at margin. Dry. Velvety. Convex (nearly flat in age).
Flesh yellow, thick.
Pores: Yellow; staining brighter or yellow-brown. Attached. Circular (1 –
2/mm). Tubes (4 – 15 mm).
Spores: Olive/gray-brown/dark yellow-brown.
Stalk: 3.1 – 6” x 0.4 – 1” [8 – 15.5 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Golden-yellow (brownish in age). Coarse and raised reticulation.
OVERALL: North Laurel Park, 8/4/2008, J Solem. Cylindrical/slightly tapered upward. Flesh bruises darker orange-yellow.
PORES and STALK: North Laurel Park, 8/4/2008, J Solem. Solid.
Locations: BIGBR, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP.
Synonyms: Boletus ornatipes. Boletus retipes.
References: Bin 71. BRB 134. Lin 570, 418. M&M 391. BBF 342.
Bar 161. McK 107, 13. Phi 264. Roo 304.
230
Old Man of the Woods Strobilomyces confusus Old Man of the Woods Strobilomyces confusus
Strobilomyces strobilaceus Strobilomyces strobilaceus
Boletaceae
+-++ ++- +++ +-+ ---
ID: Cap grayish w/ coarse gray/blackish scales; conic/ convex

(flatter in age). Flesh, pores, stalk stain reddish-orange then black.
Pores white (gray-black in age). Stalk reticulate at top, shaggy
below ring.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground or well-rotted wood in
hardwood/mixed forests.
Cap: 1.1 – 6” [3 – 15.5 cm]
Whitish/grayish ground color, covered w/ gray/purplish- gray/ blackish
scales (coarse, woolly, or cottony; flattened or erect). Convex/broadly
convex (flattened in age). Margin w/ cottony pieces of grayish, torn
partial veil. Flesh nearly white, quickly stains orange-red/orange, then
black.
Pores: White, then gray; black in age. Stains reddish, then black.
Attached/near decurrent. Angular (1 – 2mm). Tubes (10 – 15 mm).
Spores: Black.
Stalk: 1.6 –- 4.8” x 0.4 – 1” [4 – 12 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Grayish. Reticulate at top. Shaggy below ring. Partial veil grayish,
cottony/woolly, leaving one or more rings/shaggy zones.
Cylindrical/enlarged base. Solid. Whitish; stains reddish-orange, then
black.
OVERALL (S. confusus): Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, R Orr
Frequency: Common.
OVERALL (S. strobilaceus): P igtail, 8/29/2010, R Orr
PORES (old): David Force WMA, 7/12/2008, J Solem. Locations: BIGBR, DFWMA, HENPV, HIRIP, HOUOS, LONGC,
TOP: North Laurel Park, 8/4/2008, J Solem. NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR, SAVPK, SVMLT.
SIDE (young): Savage Park, 6/25/2009, R Solem.
Notes: Species distinguished by microscopic examination of spores:
Strobilomyces confusus (RKBRP) and Strobilomyces strobilaceus
(PIGTL). Top two photos were identified by examination of spores,
bottom three were not.
Synonym: Strobilomyces floccopus (for S. strobilaceus).
References: Bar 159, 65. BBF 345, 10. Bin 213, 215. Lae 185. Lin
580, 581, 379. McK 112, #12. M&M 388, 388fn. Phi 285.
231
Chicken-fat Suillus Suillus americanus Chicken-fat Suillus Suillus americanus
American Slippery Jack American Slippery Jack Boletaceae
--+ --+ --- ---
ID: Cap golden-yellow, lumpy; obtuse/convex (broadly convex in

age). Pores yellow (darker in age). Stalk yellow w/ reddish
glandular dots; attached to soil by coarse brownish-white strands.
Flesh, pores, stalk stain brownish.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. Under white pines (obligate).
Cap: 1.1 – 4” [3 – 10 cm]
Golden-/ochre-yellow w/ cinnamon/reddish-brown patches/streaks.
Sticky/slimy when wet. Obtuse/convex (sometimes flat/broadly convex in
age), occasionally w/ umbo. Margin inrolled w/ white/yellow/pale brown
cottony veil tissue. Flesh yellow, thin, stains purple-brown.
Pores: Yellow (browner in age). Slowly stains reddish brown. Often
decurrent. Angular, occasionally radially elongated (1 – 2 mm wide).
Tubes (7 – 10 mm).
Spores: Brown/dull cinnamon.
Stalk: 1.2 – 3.5” x 1/8 – 3/8” [3 – 9 cm x 3 – 10 mm]
Yellow, speckled w/ reddish/dark-brown glandular dots/smears. Often
bruises wine-red/wine-brown. Veil typically does not leave a ring. Base
attached to mossy soil by coarse, brownish/white strands.
Notes: Stains fingers brownish.
Synonym: Boletus americanus.
References: Bar 177. BBF 354, 369. BRB 227. Lae 200fn. Lin
581, 416. M&M 361. McK 113, 12.Phi 288. Roo 335. Rus 172, 85.
OVERALL (old): North Laurel Park, 7/29/2008, J Solem.

PORES: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, R Orr.
232
Granular-dotted Bolete Suillus granulatus Granular-dotted Bolete Suillus granulatus
Boletaceae
--- --- --- +++ -++ ++-
ID: Stalk whitish (yellowish in age) covered w/ copious

pinkish/brownish dots/smears. Cap variable (tan to orangish-
cinnamon), broadly convex; flesh stains yellow in age, not blue.
Pores whitish (yellowish in age).
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground under pines.
Cap: 2 – 4.8” [5 – 12 cm]
Variable (tan, brown, cinnamon, orangish-cinnamon). Sticky/shiny when
fresh. Broadly convex, Margin even, lacks veil remnants. Flesh (13 mm)
pallid, slowly stains yellow in age, does not stain blue.
Pores: Whitish (yellowish in age). Stains/ages dull cinnamon. Attached.
Irregular (1/mm). Tubes (4 – 10 mm).
Spores: Light brown/reddish-brown.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.1” x 0.3 – 1” [4 – 8 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Whitish (yellowish in age, especially at top). Covered w/ conspicuous
pinkish-tan/brownish glandular dots/ smears. Cylindrical/tapered
downward. Solid.
SIDE and CAP: Big Branch, 9/7/2009, J Solem.
PORES and STALK: Big Branch, 10/16/2008, J Solem. Frequency: Fairly common.
CAP: Big Branch,10/16/2008, J Solem.
GLANDULAR DOTS ON STALK: Schooley Mill Park,10/12/2010, J Solem Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, DFWMA, GUIPK, LONGC, RIVHL, RKBRP,
ROGOR, SLMLP.
Synonym: Boletus granulatus.
M&M 358. McK 115, #11. Pac 252. Phi 290. Roo 336. Rus 121, #66.
233
Painted Bolete Suillus pictus Painted Bolete Suillus pictus
Boletaceae
--+ --- --- --- ---
ID: Cap yellow, covered w/ conspicuous pink/dark red

patches/scales; convex (flatter in age); flesh yellow. Pores
yellow/dingy-yellow; not easily separated from cap. Stalk covered
w/ reddish scales/patches.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground under white pine (obligate).
Cap: 1.1 – 4.8” [3 – 12 cm]
Yellow flesh covered w/ conspicuous pink/red/dark red patches/scales.
Convex (broadly convex/nearly flat in age). Margin inrolled (decurved in
age). Flesh yellow, may stain slightly reddish.
Pores: Yellow/dingy yellow. May stain reddish/brownish. Slightly
decurrent. Angular, somewhat radially arranged (hexagonal; 0.5 – 5
mm). Tubes (4 – 8 mm, < flesh layer) not easily separated from cap.
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 1.6 – 4.8” x 0.4 – 1” [4 – 12 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Covered w/ reddish scales/fibers/patches. No glandular dots/smears.
Veil on young specimens may leave grayish ring. Equal. Solid.
Locations: LONGC.
Synonyms: Suillus spraguei. Boletinus pictus.
M&M 359. McK 118, #11. Phi 286. Roo 288. Rus 122, #67.
PORES and STALK: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, R Solem.
234
Spicy Suillus Suillus punctipes Spicy Suillus Suillus punctipes
Boletaceae
--- --- --+ --+
ID: Stalk densely covered w/ brown dots/smears (not reticulate).

Stains fingers yellow/brownish. Cap ochre/orange. Pores orange-
brown. Stalk dull ochre-orange in age. Odor. Use KOH and
NH4OH.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On ground under conifers.
Cap: 1.1 – 4” [3 – 10 cm]
Dull ochre-orange, darker umbo. Smooth, sticky; surface covered w/ tufts
of tiny gray/brown matted fibers when young. Conic. Margin even or w/
narrow tissue band. Flesh pale yellow/yellow-orange (turns rosy-brown
when cut, not bluing). Odor spicy/pungent, less agreeable in age.
Pores: Brown (orange-brown/dark to dingy yellow in age). May stain
brownish. Attached. Circular/angular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (6 – 12 mm).
Spores: Brown.
Stalk: 1.6 – 3.5” x 3/8 – 5/8” [4 – 9 cm x 1 – 1.6 cm]
Dull orangish-brown (dull ochre-orange/ochre-yellow in age). Densely
covered w/ brown/dark brown glandular dots/smears, not reticulate.
Solid/stuffed. Equal, often curved.
Locations: GUIPK.
Notes: Stains fingers brownish or yellow. KOH on cap stains dull purple;
SIDE: Guilford Park, 9/30/2009, J Solem. on flesh purplish. NH4OH on flesh stains reddish.
CAP: Guilford Park, 9/30/2009, R Solem.
References: BBF 358, 370. BRB 249. Phi 290. Roo 295.
PORES and STALK: Guilford Park, 9/30/2009, R Solem.
235
Slippery Jill Suillus salmonicolor Slippery Jill Suillus salmonicolor
Boletaceae
--- --- --+ ---
ID: Cap varies yellow to brown, very slimy when wet;

convex/nearly plane. Pores dingy yellow (brownish in age). Stalk
yellow w/ reddish glandular dots. Use NH4OH and KOH.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. Under pines.
Cap: 1.1 – 3.8” [3 – 9.5 cm]
Variable (dingy yellow, yellowish-orange, ochracheous-salmon,
cinnamon-/olive-/yellow-brown. Dry: shiny. Wet: sticky/slimy. Bluntly
rounded/convex/nearly plane. Flesh yellow/orange/ orange-buff.
Pores: Yellow/dingy yellow/yellowish-orange/salmon (brownish in age).
Circular/angular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (8 – 10 mm).
Spores: Brown/cinnamon-brown.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 1/4 – 5/8” [2.5 – 10 cm x 6 – 16 mm]
Whitish/yellowish/pinkish-ochraceus, speckled w/ reddish-/dark-brown
glandular dots/smears. Veil leaves a ring.
Locations: RKBRP.
Notes: Button and very young w/ thick sticky partial veil. Cap purplish-
red, then purplish-black w/ NH4OH or KOH. Flesh dark purplish-red w/
NH4OH or KOH.
PORES, STALK, RING: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/18/2010, J Solem. Synonyms: Suillus subluteus. Suillus pinorigidus. Suillus cothurnatus.
CAP: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/18/2010, J Solem. References: Bar 171. BBF 358, 370. BRB 250, 340. Lin 589, 371.
BUTTON STAGE and SPLIT: Rockburn Branch Park,
M&M 365. Roo 286fn.
10/18/2010, J Solem.
236
Black Velvet Bolete Tylopilus alboater Black Velvet Bolete Tylopilus alboater
Boletaceae
--+ -+- --+ ---
ID: Cap dark grayish-brown (stains reddish-gray, then black);

convex (flatter in age). Pores white/gray (stain reddish, then
black). Stalk w/ slight reticulation (near apex). Flesh stains
pinkish-orange w/ KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground under hardwoods (especially oaks).
Cap: 1.1 – 5.8” [3 – 15 cm]
Black/dark grayish-brown (white bloom in youth); stains pinkish-reddish-
gray, then black. Dry. Finely velvety (occasionally finely cracked in age).
Convex (broadly convex/flat in age). Margin extends slightly beyond
pores. Flesh white/gray; tastes somewhat sweet.
Pores: White/gray (pinkish/flesh-colored in age). May stain reddish and
become black. Pores (2/mm) angular/ irregular. Tubes (2 – 10mm).
Spores: Pinkish/deep flesh color.
Stalk: 1.5 – 4” x 0.6 – 1.5” [4 – 10 cm x 1.5 – 4 cm]
Colored like cap or paler. Equal/tapers up. Solid. Slight reticulation near
apex.
CAP: Pigtail, 7/15/2010, J Solem. Frequency: Occasional.
PORES and STALK: Pigtail, 7/15/2010, J Solem. Locations: CASTR, PIGTL, MPENA.
SPLIT (young): Cascade Trail, 6/25/2010, J Solem.
References: BBF 359, 371. Bin 227. BRB 256, 341. Lin 590, 377.
M&M 379. Phi 282. Roo 337.
237
Bitter Bolete Tylopilus felleus Bitter Bolete Tylopilus felleus
Boletaceae
--- --+ +-+ +-- -+-
ID: Cap pinkish-purple (shades of brown/tan in age);

rounded/convex (flatter in age). Pores white (darker in age). Stalk
w/ prominent brown reticulation (at least upper 1/3). Use NH4OH
and KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground or decaying wood in forests.
Cap: 2 – 11.8” [5 – 30 cm]
Pinkish/reddish-purple (tan/brown/buff in age); often slowly stains
brown/orange-yellow. Dry. Minutely felty (smooth in age); sometimes
sticky when wet. Rounded/convex (broadly convex/flat in age). Margin
may become pitted in age. Flesh
(12 – 14 mm) white and spongy; very bitter. May slowly stain pinkish
when cut.
Pores: White; pinkish/pinkish-tan in age. May stain reddish/ brown.
Attached/subdecurrent. Nearly circular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (10 – 20 mm).
Spores: Pinkish-brown/reddish-brown/rosy-brown.
Stalk: 1.5 – 7.9” x 0.4 – 1.2” [4 – 20 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
Brown/white above, brown below. Often bruises olive/ olive-brown.
Prominent brown reticulation (over upper third). Tapers up, bulbous.
Solid.
Locations: BIGBR, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP.
OVERALL: Big Branch,10/16/2008, J Solem.

SIDE: Big Branch,10/16/2008, J Solem. Notes:
PORES and STALK: Big Branch,10/16/2008, J Solem. KOH and NH4OH stain cap amber-/reddish-orange. KOH stains flesh
greenish-olive. NH4OH on flesh flashes pale yellow surrounded by pale
blue.
References: Bar 168. BBF 361, 371. Bin 233. BRB 263. Lae 186. Lin
593, 382. M&M 377. McK 122, 12. Pac 241. Phi 284. Roo 310.
238
Violet-gray Bolete Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus Violet-gray Bolete Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus
Boletaceae
++++ +++ ++-
ID: Cap purple-brown, velvety; convex (flatter in age). Pores off-

white (darker in age). Stalk purplish. Very bitter.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On ground in hardwood/ oak-pine
forests; on grass/moss.
Cap: 1.5 – 5.9” [4 – 15 cm]
Purple (purple-brown/purple-gray/brown/dull cinnamon/tan in age);
occasionally overlaid w/ whitish bloom. Dry. Velvety, sometimes cracking
in age. Convex (flat in age). Margin inrolled at first. Flesh white, very
bitter.
Pores: White/off-white (pinkish/dull pinkish-tan in age). Attached. Nearly
circular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (4-18 mm, > cap flesh).
Spores: Pinkish-brown/dull yellowish-pink.
Stalk: 3.1 – 4.8” x 0.4 – 0.8” [8 – 12 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Predominately violet/purple (sometimes marbled w/ white, dull
purple/purple-gray/purple-brown/brown in age). May bruise olive/olive-
brown. Sometimes slightly reticulate at top. Cylindrical/tapered upward,
base white/stained olive. Solid, then stuffed; hollow in age.
Locations: BIGBR, HAMVL, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, ORRBB,
PIGTL, RKBRP, SVMLT.
References: BBF 362, 371. Bin 239. BRB 268. Lin 594, 381.
M&M 380. McK 124, 12. Phi 282. Rus 124, 68.

PORES abd CAP: Pigtail, 9/7/2009, R Solem.
PORES and STALKS (young): Pigtail, 9/7/2009, R Solem.
239
Reddish-brown Bitter Bolete Tylopilus rubrobrunneus Reddish-brown Bitter Tylopilus rubrobrunneus
Bolete Boletaceae
--+ +-- +--
ID: Cap bright purple (purple-brown in age), velvety; convex (flat

in age). Pores white (dingy pinkish-brown in age). Stalk
white/brown, often enlarging downward. Very bitter.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On ground in hardwood or oak-pine
forests.
Cap: 3.1 – 11.8” [8 – 30 cm]
Dark/bright purple (purple-/dark reddish-brown in age). Dry. Velvety.
Convex (nearly flat in age). Margin inrolled at first. Flesh white, very
bitter.
Pores: White (becoming pinkish to dingy pinkish-brown in age). Usually
stain brown. Circular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (8 – 20 mm).
Spores: Reddish-brown/dull pinkish-brown.
Stalk: 2.4 – 7.8” x 0.4 – 2” [6 – 20 cm x 1 – 5 cm]
White/brown, develops olive/olive-brown stains from base up. Finely
reticulate at apex, smooth below. Equal/tapers up. Solid.
Locations: LONGC, ORRBB, RKBRP.
Notes: Spores (R. Orr microscopic examination) of specimen in photo 3
were most like T. rubrobrunneus.
References: Bin 245. BBF 362, 372. BRB 271. Lin 593. M&M 380.
McK 123. Roo 340.
OVERALL: (young) Big Branch, 8/3/2008, J Solem.

OVERALL: (young) Big Branch, 8/3/2008, J Solem.
CAPS, PORES, and STALK: Beaverbrook, 9/6/2009, R Orr.
240
Spotted Bolete Xanthoconium affine Spotted Bolete Xanthoconium affine
Boletaceae
--- --- --- +--
ID: Cap reddish-/orange-brown, mottled w/ pale spots. Pores

white (yellow in age), bruise ochre. Stalk whitish, stains pinkish-
tan.
Habitat: Scattered, close groups. On ground in mixed forests.
Cap: 1.4 – 4” [3.5 – 10 cm]
Reddish-brown/brown or orange-/yellow-brown, mottled w/ white/pale
yellow spots. May slowly stain yellow. Smooth/ roughened. Convex.
Flesh white.
Pores: White/pinkish-white (yellow in age). Depressed near stalk in age.
OVERALL: Hammond Village, 9/3/1979, J Solem.
Stain yellow/olive-ochre. Circular (1 – 2/mm). Tubes (8 – 14 mm).
Spores: Yellow-brown/amber.
Stalk: 1.1 – 4” x 0.3 – 0.8” [3 – 10 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Whitish; tinged yellowish. Bruising pinkish-tan/brown. Often enlarged
base. Flesh pinkish.
Locations: HAMVL.
Notes: Var maculosus is spotted; var affinis is not.
Synonym: Boletus affinis.
References: Bar 161. BBF 336, 364. Bin 249. BRB 275. Lin 565, 383.
M&M 389. McK 103, 13. Phi 256. Roo 342. Rus 117, 63.
241
Polypores
Bjerkandera Merulius
Cerrena Onnia
Coltricia Phaeolus
Cryptoporus Phellinus
Daedalea Phlebia
Daedaleopsis Polyporus
Fistulina Poronidulus
Fomes Postia
Fomitopsis Pseudochaete
Ganoderma Pycnoporellus
Gloeophyllum Pycoporus
Grifola Royoporus
Hapalopilus Sarcodon
Hericium Steccherinum
Hydnellum Stereum
Hydnophlebia Thelephora
Hydnum Trametes
Irpex Trametopsis
Ischnoderma Trichaptum
Laetiporus Tyromyces
Lenzites Xylobolus
Meripilus
242
Smoky Polypore Bjerkandera adusta Smoky Polypore Bjerkandera adusta
Polyporaceae
--- --- --- --- -++
ID: Dead wood. Gray-brown bracket w/ gray pores.

Habitat: Fused clusters. Dead wood of hardwoods & conifers. Usually
overwinters. Gray-brown (darker in age).
Fruiting Body 3/4 – 1.2” x 3/8 – 3/4" [2 – 4 cm x 1 - 2 cm] Gray-brown
w/ white margin (darker w/ black margin in age). Leathery, often w/
matted hair. Bracket-/shelf-like often fused. Flesh to 1/4" [6 mm].
Pores: Smoke-gray (darkens in age). Circular/angular (4-6/mm). Tubes
(2 mm).
Spores: White.
Locations: ANNRK, RKBRP.
References: Bar 151. Bin 315. BBF 392fn. Lin 445, 582. Phi 317. Kuo.
OVERALL: Annapolis Rock,11/19/2010, J Solem.

UPPER SURFACE: Annapolis Rock,11/19/2010, J Solem.
PORES: Annapolis Rock,11/19/2010, J Solem.
243
None Cerrena unicolor
None Cerrena unicolor Polyporaceae
+-- -+- -+- +-- +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ -++ +++ ---
ID: Body color variable (brown w/ white margin when young; gray
when mature; green w/ algae when old); kidney-/fan-shaped;
concentrically zoned, velvety/hairy. Pores whitish (gray in age);
small and round when young, slot-/tooth-like when mature.
Habitat: Overlapping clusters. Dead hardwood logs, stumps..
Fruiting Body: 0.2 – 3” [0.5 – 7.5 cm]
Whitish/brownish when young w/ white margin, whitish (often green from
algae) in age. Velvety to hairy, usually concentric rings of texture or color
(more obvious when young). Kidney-/fan-shaped, thick. Margin wavy.
Flesh white. Unpleasant odor when cut.
Pores: Whitish (gray in age); smaller when young (2 – 3/mm), more
round; maze-/slot-/tooth-like in age. Tubes (<=4 mm).
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, CEDLP, CENPK, DANPV, FULSA,
GONRA, HENPV, HIRIP, HOLLO, HOUOS, HOWCH, MPENA, MTPLT,
OVERALL (young, mature and old specimens): High Ridge Park, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, SUKBR, TROYH, WESRP, WINTR.
9/9/2009, R Solem. References: Bin 325. Lae 224 fn. Lin 450, 540. M&M 430. Phi 315.
UPPER SURFACE (old w/ algae); Wincopin, 5/1/2009, J Solem. Roo 370. Kuo. Rog.
PORES (old): Wincopin, 5/1/2009, J Solem.
244
Shiny Cinnamon Polypore Coltricia cinnamomea Shiny Cinnamon Polypore Coltricia cinnamomea
Hymenochaetaceae
++++ ++- +++ --- --- ---
ID: Body color variable (amber to reddish-/rusty-brown);

circular/irregular/fused; concentrically zoned and silky; thin and
fibrous. Pores yellowish-/reddish-brown (not decurrent). Stalk
reddish-brown, velvety/hairy, central.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, fused together. On ground along roadsides
and paths in forests.
Fruiting Body: 0.5 – 2” [1.2 – 5cm]
Bright reddish-cinnamon/amber-brown/dark rusty-brown. Silky, shiny,
concentrically zoned. Circular/irregular, flat/ depressed, sometimes
several fused. Margin faintly grooved, thin and sharp. Flesh thin, rusty-
brown, fibrous, tough.
Pores: Yellowish-/reddish-brown, not decurrent. Angular (2 – 4/mm).
Spores: Yellowish-brown.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, CASCT, HIRIP, LONGC, PIGTL, SAVPK,
SLMLP, SVMLT.
Notes: C. perennis has decurrent pores; C. cinnamomea does not.
References: BBF 382, 395. Lin 450, 445. M&M 415fn. Pac 266fn.
OVERALL: Long Corner, 7/162010, R Orr. Phi 302. Roo 351fn.
SIDE: Savage Mill Trail, 8/6/2008, J Solem.
PORES: Long Corner, 7/16/2010, R Orr.
245
Cinnamon Polypore Coltricia perennis Cinnamon Polypore Coltricia perennis
Hymenochaetaceae
--- --- --- -+- ---
ID:). Body brownish-orange; circular/irregular/fused; concentrically

zoned and velvety; thin and fibrous.
Pores grayish (browner in age), decurrent. Stalk brown, velvety,
central.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, fused together. On ground, often under
conifers.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 4.8” [2 – 11 cm]
Brownish-orange/pale cinnamon-brown (dark brown/grayish in age).
Concentrically zoned, dull/velvety/felted; fibrous-tough.
Circular/irregular/flat/depressed/funnel-shaped, often fused w/ adjacent
specimens. Margin thin, sharp, wavy.
Pores: Grayish (yellowish-/reddish-brown in age); stains brown.
Decurrent. Angular (2 – 4/mm).
Spores: Pale yellowish-brown.
OVERALL: MPENA, 9/18/2009, B Ott. Frequency: Uncommon.
SIDE: MPENA, 9/18/2009, B Ott.
Locations: MPENA.
Notes: C. perennis has decurrent pores; C. cinnamomea does not.
References: Bar 135. BBF 383, 395. Lae 206. Lin 451. M&M 415.
Pac 266. Phi 301. Roo 351.
246
Veiled Polypore Cryptoporus volvatus Veiled Polypore Cryptoporus volvatus
Cryptic Globe Polypore Cryptic Globe Polypore Polyporaceae
--- -+- --+ --- +-- --- ---+
ID: Body whitish/tan; spherical/ellipsoid/hoof-shaped; stalkless.

Pores covered w/ veil, exposed only at maturity.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On trunks and stumps of conifers.
Fruiting Body: 0.6 – 3.4” [1.5 – 8.8 cm]
Whitish/tan/pale yellow-brown. Smooth. Nearly spherical/ ellipsoid/hoof-
shaped, stalkless. Flesh white, soft-corky.
Pores: White/pinkish/pale brown, covered by thick whitish/ yellowish
membranous veil, tearing open at maturity. Circular (3 – 5/mm).
Spores: Pinkish-buff.
Notes: Breakdown of veil assisted by various insects and other tiny
arthropods, which bore holes through the membrane.
Roo 492.
OVERALL (maturing): North Laurel Park, 4/18/2009, R Solem.

LOWER SURFACE (mature): North Laurel Park, 4/18/2009, R Solem.
247
Thick-maze Oak Polypore Daedalea quercina Thick-maze Oak Polypore Daedalea quercina
Fomitopsidaceae
--- --+ -+- +-- +-- --- --+ -++ +-- ++- --- +--
ID: Body color variable (often brownish/orangish);

semicircular/kidney-shaped; concentrically zoned and velvety
(smooth and cracked in age), margin blunt and lighter. Pores
orange when fresh (gray-brown in age); elongated; may be
smaller near margin. Aromatic.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On decaying hardwood (oak).
Fruiting Body: 2 – 8” x 3.1” thick [5 – 20 cm x 8 cm]
Variable (usually brownish-yellow/brownish-orange). Felted/velvety, often
concentrically zoned; smooth (cracked/ furrowed in age).
Semicircular/kidney-shaped. Margin blunt and whitish. Fleshy leathery to
corky/woody.
Pores: White to pale yellow-/grayish-brown (orange when fresh).
Conspicuously labyrinthine (or elongated), may be smaller near margin.
Slots may be up to 9 mm long; walls .5 mm thick.
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CENPK, DANPV, GONRA, HOUOS, MPENA,
NOLAP, SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.
M&M 425. McK 125, #14. Pac 293. Phi 312. Roo 371fn.

UPPER SURFACE: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 2/28/2011, J Solem
PORES: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 2/28/2011, J Solem.
248
Thin-maze Flat Polypore Daedaleopsis confragosa Thin-maze Flat Polypore Daedaleopsis confragosa
Polyporaceae
--- --- ++- -+- --+ --- --- --- --- -++ +++ --+
ID: Body color variable (creamy white/dark brown;

semicircular/kidney-shaped; concentrically zoned and
smooth/velvety, margin thin and lighter. Pores white/grayish-
brown, usually labyrinthine and elongated; stain pinkish-brown
when young.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On decaying hardwood (especially
oak).
Fruiting Body: 1.1 – 6” x 0.5” thick [3 – 15.5 cm x 1.2 cm] Variable
(creamy-white, tan, grayish, pale-/dark-brown). Velvety/smooth, distinct
concentric zones. Semicircular/kidney-shaped/flat/slightly convex. Margin
sharp and thin. Flesh (5 mm) whitish/pale brown, bruising pink, aging
brown, fibrous-tough. Odor pleasant.
Pores: White to pale brown/grayish-brown. Usually labyrinthine w/
elongated or gill-like pores (5/mm). Stain pinkish-brown when young.
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, GONRA, HOWCH, MPENA, MTPLT,
PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.
Synonym: Daedalea confragosa.
UPPER SURFACE: Big Branch, 5/29/2009, W Earp.
PORES and UPPER SURFACE: Pigtail,11/21/2009, R Orr. References: Bar 143. BBF 379, 396. Bin 331. Lae 227. Lin 454, 481.
M&M 425fn. McK 126. Phi 312. Roo 371.
249
Beefsteak Fungus Fistulina hepatica Beefsteak Fungus Fistulina hepatica
Fistulinaceae
MATURE YOUNG
+-+ +-+ +++ +++ +-++
ID: Body dark red/reddish-orange (yellow-orange when young),

gelatinous,flesh oozes pink/red. Pores white/ pinkish-yellow.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, often fused. On living (especially oak) or dead
hardwood trees/stumps/logs.
Fruiting Body: 2.8 – 10” [7 – 25.5 cm]
Reddish-orange/pinkish-red/dark red/purplish-brown; when young, light-
/golden-orange. Smooth/velvety, gelatinous, often sticky/slimy.
Oval/circular. Margin rounded/sharp/wavy/lobed. Flesh (2 – 5 cm thick)
dingy-white/pinkish/reddish zoned w/ darker and paler areas; darkens on
exposure, oozes pink/red when fresh. Taste acidic.
Pores: White/pinkish-yellow. Stains reddish-brown in age. Circular (1 –
3/mm).
Spores: Pinkish-salmon.
Locations:, CASCT, GONRA, HAMVL, HIRIP, HOUOS, LONGC,
NOLAP, SLMLP, WINTR.
References: BBF 375, 396. Bin 337. Lae 213. Lin 455, 513.
M&M 426. McK 129, 14. Pac 307. Phi 304. Roo 352.
Mature:
UPPER SURFACE: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, J Solem.
Young:
UPPER SURFACE: Long Corner, 7/10/2009, R Solem.
PORES: Long Corner, 7/10/2009, R Solem.
250
Tinder Polypore Fomes fomentarius Tinder Polypore Fomes fomentarius
Polyporaceae
--- --- --- --- --- +-+ --- --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Brown/ gray. Hoof-shaped, furrowed, crusty/cracked. Flesh

fibrous-tough woody.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, overlapping clusters. On decaying hardwood
trunks.
Fruiting Body: 2.4 – 8” x up to 2” thick [6 – 20.54 cm x 5 cm]
Pale/dark gray (sometimes pale/dark brown). Hoof-shaped, surface
concentrically furrowed/zoned, hard, thick, crusty, finely
cracked/roughened or smooth; margin blunt (extends beyond top
surface). Flesh (3 cm) yellowish-brown,fibrous-tough/woody.
Pores: Pale brown, depressed circular [3-5/mm].
Spores: White.
Locations: CASCT.
References: Bar 141. Bin 373. BBF 388, 396. Lin 457, 527.
M&M 425. Phi 306. Roo 372.
OVERALL: Cascade Trail, 6/4/2010, R Solem.

PORES; Cascade Trail, 6/4/2010, R Solem.
OVERALL (old): Cascade Trail, 6/4/2010, J Solem.
251
Rosy Polypore Fomitopsis cajanderi Rosy Polypore Fomitopsis cajanderi
Polyporaceae
MATURE YOUNG
--- --- --- --- +-- --- -+- +-- --- --+ --- ---
ID: Body reddish-/grayish-brown; fan-shaped/irregular, often

descends substrate; bumpy w/ matted hairs, margin wavy. Pores
rosy-pink/pinkish-white. Pleasant odor.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, overlapping clusters. On decaying conifers
(rarely hardwoods).
Fruiting Body: 1 – 5.5” [2.5 – 14 cm]
Pinkish-brown/reddish-brown/grayish-brown. Corky/brittle when dry,
covered w/ tiny matted hairs, smooth/roughened (but not cracked), faintly
zoned. Fan-shaped/semicircular/irregular, convex/nearly flat. Margin
sharp, often wavy, whitish when young. Flesh rosy-pink, stains pinkish-
brown. Pleasant odor.
Pores: White/pinkish-yellow. Stains reddish-brown in age. Circular w/
distinct cylinders (1 – 3/mm). Tubes (1 mm). Surface often irregular and
descending substrate.
Spores: Whitish.
Locations: GONRA, HENPV, RKBRP, SAVPK, SLMLP.
References: Bar 142. BBF 389, 396. Lin 458, 524. Phi 309.
MATURE: Roo 373fn.
UPPER SURFACE: Savage Park,10/27/2008, J Solem.
OVERALL: Savage Park,10/27/2008, J Solem.
PORES and UPPER SURFACES: Savage Park,10/27/2008, J Solem.
YOUNG:
252
Red-belted Polypore Fomitopsis pinicola Red-belted Polypore Fomitopsis pinicola
Fomitopsidaceae
--- --- -+- --- --- --- --- +-- --- --+ --- ---
ID: Top various colors (greenish/brownish/blackish but reddish

near margin).
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On living conifers (also hardwoods).
Fruiting Body: 2.8 – 15” [7 – 38 cm]
Variously colored (greenish-gray/grayish-brown/blackish-brown). Shelf-
/hoof-shaped. Concentrically furrowed (perennial). Hard. Finely
cracked/smooth. Typically reddish near margin; margin creamy yellow,
thick, rounded, covered w/ sticky reddish-brown resin. Flesh creamy-
white/pale brown (<1.5” [4 cm]), corky/woody.
Pores: Creamy-white, bruises yellow. Circular.
(3 – 5/mm).
Spores: Whitish.
Locations: MCHPV, RKBRP.
References: Bar 142. BBF 388, 11. Lin 459, 531. Phi 309. Roo 373.

PORES: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/1/2010, R Solem.
PORES: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/1/2010, J Solem.
253
Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum
Ganodermataceae
--- +-+ --+ +++ -+- --+ -+- --- --- --- +-- ---
ID: Body gray/blackish-brown; shelf-like/hoof-shaped;

concentrically zoned w/ hard crusty surface, margin thin and often
white. Pores white, stain/etch brown. Cuticle separated from flesh
by thin (< 0.5 mm) dark layer.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, overlapping clusters. On decaying wood
(especially hardwood); frequently on wounds on living trees.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 26” x 2.4” thick [5 – 65 cm x 6 cm]
Gray/grayish-black/brown. Surface hard, thick, crusty, concentrically
furrowed, finely cracked and roughened; thickened at point of
attachment. Shelf-like/hoof-shaped. Margin often white, thin. Flesh (>= 8
mm) ginger-brown, corky/woody/punky; cuticle separated from flesh by
thin (< 0.5 mm) dark layer.
Pores: White; stain brown. Circular (4 – 6/mm). Can be separated into
individual tubes (6 – 15 mm).
Spores: Brown.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: CASCT, DANPV, DFWMA, DORWD, FARMS, GONRA,
HENPV, MPENA, SLMLP, WINTR.
M&M 421. McK 127, 14. Pac 303. Roo 374.
OVERALL: Gorman NRA, 2/28/2011, J Solem.

PORES: Lake Kittamaqundi, 2/2/2009, J Solem.
254
Lacquered Polypore Ganoderma lucidum Lacquered Polypore Ganoderma lucidum
Ling Chih Ling Chih Ganodermataceae
Growing
--- --- --+ +-- -+- ++- ++- ---
ID: Body brownish-red, sticky when young, looks lacquered when

old; shelf-like/ irregular, concentrically zoned, margin
yellowish/white. Pores white/cream (ochre in age). Stalk typically
lateral.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On decaying hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 11.8” x up to 1.1” thick [5 – 30 cm x 3 cm]
Brownish-red in age, yellowish/whitish near margin. Lacquered surface
(sticky when young), concentrically zoned, shallowly furrowed. Kidney-
shaped. Flesh whitish (soft and corky), (brown in age and fibrous-tough).
Pores: White/cream (ochre in age). Bruise brown when fresh. Circular (4
– 6/mm). Tubes (10 – 20 mm).
Stalk: 1.1 – 6” x 0.4 – 1.5” [3 – 13.5 cm x 1 – 4 cm]
Typically lateral but sometimes off-center/central or absent, brownish-
red/mahogany/blackish-brown, shiny, lacquered surface.
Spores: Brown.
Dry
Locations: HENPV, HIRIP, HOLLO, JACPD, RKBRP, ROGOR.
Notes: In one case, each of several year’s annual growth started from
the cap of the previous year’s growth.
Ganoderma tsugae grows on rotting coniferous wood.
References: Bar 139. Bin 277. Lae 206. Lin 460, 514. M&M 422.
Pac 264. Roo 354fn.
Growing:
OVERALL: Hollofield, 7/22/2008, J Solem.
Dry:
SIDE: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/19/2009, R Solem.
SIDE: Rockburn Branch Park,10/13/2008, J Solem.
255
Varnish Shelf Ganoderma tsugae Varnish Shelf Ganoderma tsugae
Varnish Cap Varnish Cap Ganodermataceae
--- --- -+- --- --+ --- --- ---
ID: Body brownish-red and orange outward, sticky when young,

looks lacquered when old; shelf-like/irregular, concentrically
zoned, margin whitish. Pores white/cream (brown in age). Stalk
typically lateral (if present).
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On decaying conifers.
Fruiting Body: 2.4 – 12” x up to 1.1” thick
[6 – 31 cm x 3 cm] Brownish-red to mahogany near center or overall,
brownish-/reddish-orange outward, light/whitish near margin. Lacquered
surface, concentrically zoned, shallowly furrowed. Fan-/kidney-shaped.
Flesh whitish, soft-corky/fibrous-tough.
Pores: White/creamy-white (brown in age or bruised). Circular (4 –
6/mm).
Stalk: 1.1 – 6” x 0.4 – 1.5” [3 – 13.5 cm x 1 – 4 cm]
Typically lateral but sometimes off-center/central or absent, brownish-
red/mahogany/blackish-brown, shiny, lacquered surface.
Spores: Brown.
Notes: Ganoderma lucidum grows on rotting hardwood.
References: BBF 277, 296. Lin 461, 515. M&M 422fn. Pac 304.
Phi 306. Roo 354. Rus 125, #69.
OVERALL: North Laurel Park, 7/11/2008, S Earp.

256
Yellow-red Gill Polypore Gloeophyllum sepiarium Yellow-red Gill Polypore Gloeophyllum sepiarium
Gloeophyllaceae
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- +-- --+ --- ---
ID: Body yellowish-/reddish-brown, fan-shaped, concentrically

zoned, uneven, tufts of tiny hairs, smooth in age, margin lighter.
Pores golden-/rusty-brown, gill-like labyrinthine pores.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, rosette-like clusters. On decaying wood
(usually conifers).
Fruiting Body: 1 – 4” [2.5 – 10 cm]
Bright yellowish-red/reddish-brown, margin whitish- orange-/brownish-
yellow, irregular/wavy w/tufts of tiny hairs; distinct zones/furrows. Surface
covered w/ short stiff hairs (matted/felty or nearly smooth in age). Fan-
shaped. Flesh yellow-/rusty-brown, fibrous-tough.
Pores: Golden-/rusty-brown. Gill-like to labyrinthine (often both)
sometimes elongated pores (1 – 2/mm).
Spores: White.
Locations: HIRIP.
References: Bar 142. BBF 379, 396. Lae222fn. Lin 463, 516.
M&M 427. Pac 295. Phi 312. Roo 371fn

PORES and TOPS: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, R Solem.
257
Hen of the Woods Grifola frondosa Hen of the Woods Grifola frondosa
Meripilaceae
+--- --- +++ ---
ID: Rosette of flattened caps w/ white/creamy-white pores when

fresh. Cap brownish-gray, dull dark brown in age, matted and
woolly, margin thin and wavy. Stalk off-center and repeatedly
branched.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground at base of living/ dead trees/stumps
(especially oak or maple). In open woods.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 3.1” x ca. 1/4 ” [2 – 8 cm x 6 mm]
Gray/brownish-gray, dull dark brown in age. Smooth/ finely matted and
woolly; faintly/distinctly zoned. Overlapping caps branching from main
stalk. Margin thin, wavy. Flesh white.
Pores: White/creamy-white. Angular but may be gill-like (1 – 3/mm).
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.8” x up to 4” [2 – 4.5 cm x 10 cm]
White, repeatedly branched.
Spores: White.
Locations: MPENA, RKBRP, SAVPK, SLMLP, WESRP.
OVERALL: Savage Park,10/3 2008, W Earp. Notes: Fruiting bodies to 24” [60 cm] diameter or more. Blackening
OVERALL: Schooley Mill Park,10/5/2009, J Solem. Polypore (Meripilus sumstineiII) is similar but all parts bruise blackish.
OVERALL: Western Regional Park, 7/31/2008, J Solem.
References: BBF 385, 397. Bin 281. Lae 216. Lin 463, 474, 475.
258
Tender Nesting Polypore Hapalopilus nidulans Tender Nesting Polypore Hapalopilus nidulans
Polyporaceae
++++ ++- +++ +-+ --- +++ +++
ID: Cap dull brown/orange (brown in age). Convex (furrows in

age). Flesh soft (brown, fibrous in age). Pores angular. Use KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, overlapping clusters. Decaying hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: 1 –- 4.8” x up to 1.1” thick
[2.5 – 12 cm x 3 cm] Dull brownish-orange/cinnamon. Surface matted
hairs (smooth in age). Fan-shaped/semicircular. Convex, often w/
furrows. Margin sharp (except when immature), curved. Flesh pale
cinnamon, soft (brown, fibrous-tough in age). Turns violet-purple w/
KOH.
Pores: Ocraceous/cinnamon-brown (brown in age). Angular (2 – 4/mm).
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, DANPV, GONRA, HENPV, HIRIP, HOWCH,
HOUOS, LONGC, MARPV, MPENA, MCHPV, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP,
WESRP, WINTR.
Synonyms: H. rutilans. Polyporus nidulans. Inonotus nidulans.
References: Bar 150. Bin 347. BBF 390, 397. Lin 464, 510. Phi 302.
OVERALL (old): Pigtail,10/23/2009, R Solem.
UPPER SURFACE (maturing): Western Regional Park, 10/31/2010, R
Roo 375.
Orr.
PORES (young): Daniels, 6/3/2010, R Solem.
259
Bear’s Head Tooth Hericium americanum Bear’s Head Tooth Hericium americanum
Hericiaceae
--+ --- --- ---
ID: Body whitish (yellowish in age), shaggy “beard” of forking

branches w/ spines as bundles at tips of branches.
Habitat: Solitary. On decaying hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: 4 – 12” x 6 – 15”
[10 – 30.5 cm x 15.5 – 36 cm]. Whitish/yellowish, flesh thick, white,
soft. Cluster of compact, forking branches w/ spines arranged primarily
as bundles at tips of branches, arising from a common base.
Spores: White.
Locations: LONGC.
Notes: Compare H. erinaceus (Satyr’s Beard).
OVERALL: Long Corner, 8/25/2009, J Solem. References: Bar 122. M&M 408, BBF 402. Roo 396fn.
OVERALL (from above): Long Corner, 8/25/2009, R Solem.
260
Satyr’s Beard Hericium erinaceus Satyr’s Beard Hericium erinaceus
Bearded Tooth Bearded Tooth Hericiaceae
+ +---- +-- --- --+ +++ -+-
ID: Body whitish (yellowish in age); shaggy “beard” w/ long spines.

Habitat: Solitary. On living trunks or fallen logs of hardwoods (especially
oak).
Fruiting Body: 2.8 – 8” x 3.8 – 8” [9.5 – 20 cm x 7 – 20.5 cm].
Whitish/yellowish. Flesh, thick, white, soft. Cushion-shaped, branchless,
giving rise to long spines (2 – 7 cm), tapering to point.
Spores: White.
Locations: HENPV, MPENA, NOLAP, RKBRP, SAVPK, SLMLP,
WESRP, WINTR.
Notes: Compare H. americanum (Bear’s Head Tooth).
References: BBF 407, 412. Bin 283. Lin 430, 547. M&M 407. McK
91, 9. Pac 314. Roo 395.
OVERALL: Marriottsville Rd, 5/15/2010, B Ott.

OVERALL (old): North Laurel Park, 11/24/2007, N. Magnusson.
261
None Hydnellum aurantiacum
None Hydnellum aurantiacum
Bankeraceae
--+ --+ ---
ID: Cap rusty-red; velvety; flat (depressed in age). Fertile surface

grayish-tan spines. Stalk orange (darker in age);
cylindrical/irregular. Strong odor.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in conifer forests.
Cap: 1 – 4” [2.5 – 10 cm]
Orange/rusty-red. Flat (depressed in age), occasionally fused w/ other
caps or w/ aborted mini-caps on top of main cap. Surface velvety (but
often ridged/bumpy), dry. Flesh dull brown, zoned, tough and fibrous.
Unpleasant odor when cut.
Fertile Surface: Grayish-tan/reddish-brown (darker brown in age);
covered w/ crowded spines (1.5 – 2.5 mm). Upper flesh, soft and corky.
Stalk: 3/8 – 3/4” x 3/8 – 3/4” [1 – 2 cm x 1 – 2 cm]
Orange (rusty-/dark-brown in age) cylindrical/somewhat irregular,
sometimes spongy near base.
Spores: Brown/gray-brown.
References: Lin 431, 479. M&M 406. McK 92, 8. Phi 320. Kuo.

CAP: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, R Solem.
FERTILE SURFACE: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, R Solem.
262
Zonate Tooth Hydnellum concrescens Zonate Tooth Hydnellum concrescens
Bankeraceae
--- +-- ---
ID: Cap concentric rings of various colors; roughened; convex

(depressed/ funnel-shaped in age); margin white, wavy. Fertile
surface of vinaceous-cinnamon spines. Stalk color like cap. Odor
unpleasant.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, fused together on ground under conifers and
hardwoods.
Cap: 1 – 5.5” [2.5 – 14 cm]
Marginal zone white (stains purple-brown/brown-black), inner zones
various colors convex/nearly flat, often depressed/funnel-shaped,
surface roughened/irregular w/ pits and horn-like projections/ridges,
conspicuous concentric zones. Flesh orange-/reddish-brown, fibrous-
tough. Odor unpleasant when cut.
Fertile Surface: Covered w/ vinaceous-cinnamon spines w/ paler tips
whiich continue down stalk; spines (1 – 3 mm).
Stalk: 0.4 – 1.4” x 0.4 – 1.5” [1 – 3.5 cm x 1 – 4 cm]
Colored like cap, typically tapers up.
Spores: Pale brown.
OVERALL: Pigtail, 9/7/2009, R Solem. Frequency: Uncommon.

TOP: Pigtail, 9/7/2009, R Solem. Locations: PIGTL.
FERTILE SURFACE: Pigtail, 9/7/2009, R Solem.
References: Bar 126. BBF 408, 412. Kuo.
263
Spongy Foot Hydnellum spongiosipes Spongy Foot Hydnellum spongiosipes
Bankeraceae
+-- +++ -+- -----
ID: Cap cinnamon-/dark-brown, velvety, irregular/lumpy; single or

fused; convex (flat in age); upper layer (flesh pale brown, fairly
soft), lower layer (dark brown, corky). Fertile layer pale-/lilac-
brown, dark in age, crowded spines. Stalk dark brown, velvety;
club-shaped, swollen, spongy.
Habitat: Clustered. On ground in hardwood forests (especially oak).
Cap: 0.8 – 4” [2 – 10 cm]
Cinnamon-/dark-brown, velvety, sometimes pitted; paler areas bruising
dark brown; single/fused w/ other caps; shallowly convex (broadly
convex/flat in age).
Fertile Surface: Pale-/lilac-brown; sometimes bruising dark brown
(darker brown in age); continues down stem; covered w/ crowded spines
(4 – 7 mm). Flesh: upper layer pale brown and fairly soft; lower layer
dark-/purplish-brown and corky.
Stalk: 1.2 – 4” x 0.4 – 1.2” [3 – 10 cm x 1– 3 cm]
Dark brown; velvety, club-shaped, swollen and much thicker below;
spongy/fibrous.
Spores: Brown.
SPINES and CAPS: Big Branch, 7/2/2009, R Solem. Locations: BIGBR, FARMS, PIGTL, SLMLP.
SIDE w/ FERTILE SURFACE: Pigtail, 8/4/2009, R Solem. References: Bar 124. Lin 434, 446. Kuo.
EMERGING FRUITING BODIES: Big Branch, 7/2/2009, J Solem.
264
Sweet Spine Hydnellum suaveolens Sweet Spine Hydnellum suaveolens
Bankeraceae
+--- --- ---
ID: Cap beige/tan (center darker in age), tomentose; shallowly

convex (flat in age). Fertile surface buff/deep brown, pallid spines.
Stalk bright violet-blue, tomentose; darkens when rubbed.
Habitat: Solitary (usually), sometimes fused in groups. On ground in
conifer forests.
Cap: 1.6 – 5.9” [4 – 15 cm]
Dull white/beige (deep brown from center out in age), convex (expanded
and flattened in age), tomentose, soft, flesh fibrous.
Fertile surface: Spines (1/16 – 1/4” [2 – 5 mm]) pallid, buff/deep brown;
long, decurrent.
Stalk: 1.2 – 2” x 0.4 – 1” [3 – 5 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]
Bright violet-blue, zoned w/ violet/violet-black; tomentose; hard, woody,
darkens when rubbed. Violet-blue mycelium.
Spores: Brown.
Locations: BIGBR.
References: Lin 433fn. McK 94, 8. M&M 405. Phi 323. Rog.
265
Brown-toothed Crust Hydnochaete olivacea Brown-toothed Crust Hydnochaete olivacea
Hymenochaetaceae
--- --- ++- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- ---
ID: Brown-toothed in age, pores of crust have flattened teeth. Use

KOH.
Habitat: Usually fused into large expanses on dead hardwood (oak)
branches or limbs still on tree.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 4" x 4 – 8" [5 – 10 cm x 10 – 20 cm]
Dull yellowish-/reddish-brown (brown in age). Pores quickly become
spine-like w/ flattened teeth. Margin may be brownish-yellow (becomes
brown in age). Flesh (1-3 mm) leathery, brown, tough, fibrous; turns dark
brown/black w/ KOH.
Locations: GONRA, HAMVL, MCLUR.
Synonyms: Hydnoporia fuscescens. Irpex cinnamomeus.
References: Bin 349. BBF 401key. Lin 438, 577. Phi 324. Rog.
OVERALL:, Benson Branch, 3/11/2011, R Solem.

CLOSEUP:, Benson Branch, 3/11/2011, R Solem.
266
Spreading Yellow Tooth Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza Spreading Yellow Tooth Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza
Meruliaceae
+-- +-- --+ --- --- -+- ---
ID: Bright orange-yellow toothed sheet w/ long rhizomorphs.

Habitat: Sheet-like and flattened against underside of hardwood logs.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 2.4” [2 – 6 cm] sheet
Bright orange-yellow, toothed surface w/ branching rhizomorphs (3.9 –
7.9” [10 – 20 cm] long).
Locations: MPENA, PIGTL, WINTR.
Synonyms: Phanerochaete chrysorhiza. Hydnum chryscomum.
Mycoacia fragilissima.Oxydontia fragilissima.
References: BBF 401key, 437-438key. Lin 423, 558
www-messiah-edu_Oakes_fungi_on_wood_teeth and spine_species
pages_Phane.pdf

OVERALL (more distant view): Pigtail, 6/7/2010, R Solem.
YOUNG (w/ rhozomorphs): MPENA, 7/5/2010, R Solem.
267
Hedgehog Mushroom Hydnum repandum Hedgehog Mushroom Hydnum repandum
Hydnaceae
+--- --- --- --+ ---
ID: Cap yellow-orange; felty (wrinkled/pitted in age); convex/nearly

flat; margin wavy; Fertile surface creamy/ orange-yellow, darkens
when rubbed; long spines. Cap and stalk stain orange-yellow.
Cap: 0.8 – 6” [2 – 15.5 cm]
Yellow-/brownish-orange to apricot-/reddish-orange; convex/ nearly flat,
sometimes slightly depressed; dry, felty, wrinkled/ pitted in age; margin
wavy, sometimes indented/lobed; flesh white, thick, firm, brittle, stains
orange-yellow.
Fertile surface: 1/8 – 3/8” spines [3-10 mm]
Spines creamy-white/orange-yellow, darken when rubbed; not decurrent
or irregularly so.
Stalk: 1 – 4” x 0.4 – 1.4” [2.5 – 10 cm x 1 – 3.5 cm]
White w/ orange tints or colored like cap; nearly equal; solid; bruises
orange-yellow.
Spores: White.
OVERALL: Savage Park, 6/25/2009, R Solem. Frequency: Uncommon.
CAP: Savage Park, 6/25/2009, J Solem.
Locations: PIGTL, SAVPK.
FERTILE SURFACE, Savage Park 6/25/2009, R Solem.
CLOSEUP OF SPINES: Savage Park, 6/25/2009, R Solem. Notes: Description is of v. repandum; v. album is white, bruising orange.
Synonym: Dentinum repandum.
McK 89, 8. Pac 272. Phi 320. Roo 398.
268
Milk-white Toothed Polypore Irpex lacteus Milk-white Toothed Polypore Irpex lacteus
Meruliaceae
--- -++ +++ -++ +++ -++ +-- --+ --+ +++ +++ ---
ID: Body white/creamy-white; spreads from crust-like mass,

tomentose. Pores white/cream, irregular/split in age. Stalkless.
Habitat: Spreading overlapping clusters. On decaying hardwood
branches or twigs.
Fruiting Body: 0.4 – 1.1” [ 1 – 3 cm]
White/creamy-white. Dry. Tomentose/hairy. Shell-/petal-
shaped/semicircular/convex/nearly flat; overlapping and often fused,
projecting from a spreading, crust-like mass. Flesh white/pale tan, thin,
fibrous-tough.
Pores: White/cream. Angular (2 – 3/mm); tubes and pores split in age,
becoming tooth-like/jagged.
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, DANPV, DFWMA, FULSA, GONRA,
HENPV, HOUOS, HOWCH, MPENA, MCHPV, MTPLT, PIGTL, RKBRP,
ROGOR, SAVPK, SLMLP, TUFTS, WINTR.
Synonym: Polyporus tulipifera.
References: BBF 378, 397. Bin 361. Lin 467, 584. Phi 324. Roo 400.

OVERALL: Pigtail,11/21/2009, R Orr.
PORES: Savage Park,10/27/2008, J Solem.
269
Resinous Polypore Ischnoderma resinosum Resinous Polypore Ischnoderma resinosum
Fomitopsidaceae
+ --- -+- ---
ID: Body brownish-orange or darker; semicircular, often descends

substrate (but, see young), concentrically furrowed, margin thick
and lighter. Pores white (bruise brown and in age).
Habitat: Solitary, overlapping clusters. On decaying wood (oak).
Fruiting Body: 3 – 10” [7.5 – 25.5 cm]
Dull brownish-orange to dark brown. Surface concentrically-/radially-
furrowed (faintly/distinctly zoned in age); fleshy, soft and velvety when
young, later covered w/ thin, glossy, resinous crust. Semicircular/fan-
shaped/convex. Margin white/ochre, thick, rounded, exudes drops of
clear/amber fluid when young. Flesh
(up to 2 cm) whitish/pale yellow; soft, becoming fibrous in age.
Pores: White (pale brown in age); slowly bruising brown. Pores
angular/circular (4 – 6/mm). May extend down substrate.
Spores: Whitish.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, HENPV, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP,
WINTR.
Notes: Globular/irregular when very young.
References: Bar 140. BBF 391, 398. Bin 363. Lin 468, 525. Phi 306.
Roo 377.

OVERALL (young): Henryton, 10/2/2009, R Solem.
PORES: Schooley Mill Park, 10/21/2009, J Solem.
PORES EXUDING FLUID: Pigtail, 10/8/2010 R Orr.
OVERALL: Schooley Mill Park,11/3/2010, R Orr.
270
Chicken Mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus Chicken Mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus
Chicken of the Woods Chicken of the Woods Fomitopsidaceae
Sulphur Shelf Sulphur Shelf
+ ++ ++- ---+++ +++ +++ +-+ ---
ID: Rosette of flattened caps w/ sulphur-yellow (or white) pores

when fresh. Cap dull orange; velvety; margin blunt; wavy, often
lobed
Habitat: Solitary, overlapping clusters or rosettes. On living/dead
hardwoods (especially oak and cherry) or conifers.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 12” x up to 0.8” [5 – 31 cm x 2 cm]
Bright/dull orange, then orange-yellow; bleaches white in age. Dry.
Surface velvety/densely matted and woolly; radially wrinkled and
roughened. Fan-/petal-shaped. Margin pale orange, blunt, dry, often
lobed. Flesh white, fleshy/firm, moist (rigid/brittle/fibrous in age).
Pores: Bright sulphur-yellow (or white, depending on variety), tan in age.
Angular (indistinct when young); 3 – 4/mm.
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, CEDLP, DANPV, GONRA, HENPV, HIRIP,
HOUOS, LONGC, MPENA, MCHPV, MTPLT, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP,
SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.
Notes: Chicken and White Chicken (L. cincinnatus) have been lumped,
UPPER SURFACE: High Ridge Park, 8/13/2008, J Solem. Synonyms: Polyporus sulphureus. Laetiporus Cincinnatus. L.
PORES: MPENA, 10/7/2007, S Earp. sulphureus var. cincinnatus.
References: Bar 149. BBF 386, 398. Bin 289 & 291. Lin 468, 478, 511.
M&M 428. McK 127, 14. Lae 215. Phi 303. Roo 378. Rus 42, 12. Kuo.
271
Gilled Bracket Lenzites betulina Gilled Bracket Lenzites betulina
Multicolor Gilled Polypore Multicolor Gilled Polypore Polyporaceae
--- -+- +++ -++ +-+ ++- -+- --- --+ +++ +-- ---
ID: Pores white/creamy-white, gill-like. Body color variable

(white/pink to brown/green w/ algae); shelf-like; velvety/ hairy.
Stalkless. Odor.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On decaying hardwood (occasionally conifers).
Fruiting Body: 1.1 – 4” [3 – 10 cm]
Variable (white/pink/gray/yellow/orange/brown or green [colored w/
algae]), concentric rings. Velvety/hairy. Semicircular/fan-shaped,
stalkless. Flesh white (1 mm), fibrous-tough. Pronounced odor.
Pores: White/creamy-white. Conspicuously gill-like (radiating from point
of attachment), sometimes forking, occasionally w/ elongated pores near
margin. Tubes (6 – 12mm).
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, FULSA, GONRA, HAMVL, HENPV, HIRIP,
HOWCH, MPENA, MCHPV, MTPLT, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP.
M&M 427. McK 128, 14. Pac 294. Phi 312.

PORES: High Ridge Park, 11/24/2008, J Solem.
OVERALL: Howard Chapel Road, 3/8/2011, R Solem.
272
None Lenzites elegans None Lenzites elegans
Polyporaceae
--+- --- --- +-- +--
ID: Body whitish (may be darker in age); bracket-/kidney-shaped

or irregular; stalkless. Fertile surface whitish/ grayish,
angular/maze-like/slots.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On hardwood stumps/logs (occasionally on
pine).
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 5.5” [2 – 14 cm]
Whitish/yellowish/buff (sometimes darker in age). Lumpy near point of
attachment, may have concentric zones of texture. Irregularly bracket-
/kidney-shaped or flattened-convex. Smoother toward margin (thin, more
or less wavy). Flesh whitish, tough/ corky (stiff in age).
Pores: Whitish/grayish. Variable (poroid [1-2/mm, round or angular];
maze-like slots <= 2 mm wide; gill-like), often all three present, changing
shape from base to margin. Tubes/gills <= 6 mm deep.
Stalk: None or rudimentary (up to 1.1” [3 cm]).
Spores: White.
Locations: NOLAP, WINTR.
Synonym: Trametes elegans.
References: BBF 381, 400. Roo, 371 fn. Kuo.
UPPER SURFACE: Wincopin, 7/18/2010, J Solem.

PORES: Wincopin, 7/18/2010, J Solem.
273
Black-staining Polypore Meripilus sumstinei Black-staining Polypore Meripilus sumstinei
Meripilaceae
++- --+ --- --- ++- --+
ID: Body brownish-orange; circular/irregular/fused; concentrically

zoned and velvety; thin and fibrous. Pores grayish (browner in
age), decurrent. Stalk brown, velvety, central.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground at base of hardwood trees and
stumps (oak).
Fruiting Body: 2.4 – 8” [6 – 20.5 cm]
Yellowish-tan/grayish-yellow (brownish-yellow, then dark
ocracheous/grayish-brown in age). Fan-/spoon-shaped, fleshy-fibrous.
Margin thin, sharp, wavy, often lobed. Stains black. Flesh (1.6 cm) white,
fleshy-fibrous.
Pores: White/creamy white; stain black. Angular (3 – 6/mm).
Stalk: 0.4 – 1.4” [1 – 3 cm]
Ocre/reddish-brown; stains black.
Spores: White.
Locations: LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, RKBRP, WESRP, WINTR.
Notes: Fruiting bodies to 16” (41 cm) or more. Several field guides refer
to it as M. giganteus, which is a European species.
References: Bin 373. BBF 387, 399. Lae 214. Lin 470, 471. Pac 326.
Phi 363.
UPPER SURFACE OVERALL: MPENA, 7/5/2010, R Solem.

PORES: MPENA, 7/5/2010, R Solem.
274
Trembling Merulius Merulius tremellosus Trembling Merulius Merulius tremellosus
Gelatinous Woodcrust Gelatinous Woodcrust Meruliaceae
+ +--- --- --- --- +++ +---
ID: Body white/pale yellow; crust-/shelf-like, margin curves

outward and forms shelf/bracket; flesh white/pink,
waxy/gelatinous. Fertile surface pinkish-salmon, wrinkled/ ribbed.
Habitat: Often overlapping clusters. Usually on hardwood stumps or
logs; sometimes on conifers.
Fruiting Body: 5/8 x 1/4” thick [1.5 x 0.5 cm], but usually fused.
White/pale yellow; hairy/woolly. Shallow pores/net-like folds; margin
curves outward to form shelf/bracket. Flesh white/pink, waxy/gelatinous,
thin.
Fertile Surface: Pinkish-orange/brownish-salmon.
Wrinkled/ribbed/indistinctly angular-poroid (> 1 mm) or combination.
Spores: White.
Locations: FULSA, GONRA, HENPV, MPENA, NOLAP, SLMLP,
WINTR.
Synonym: Phlebia tremellosa.
References: Bar 152. Bin 393. Lae 228. M&M 434. BBF 439. McK
79, 6. Pac 291.

OVERALL (older): Wincopin,11/6/2009, R Orr.
275
Woolly Velvet Polypore Onnia tomentosa
Woolly Velvet Polypore Onnia tomentosa. Hymenochaetaceae
-+- --- ---
ID: Body rusty-brown; shelf-like/fused; concentrically zoned,

matted hairs, wrinkled/uneven; margin blunt, lighter. Pores buff.
Stalk rudimentary/lateral, ochracheous, velvety.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, fused together. On ground, duff, decaying
wood under conifers.
Fruiting Body: 1.4 – 6.5” [3.5 – 16.5 cm]
Tan/ochraceous/rusty-brown. Dry/velvety/matted hairs, coarsely
wrinkled and uneven or smooth, exudes yellow liquid when fresh.
Circular/fan-shaped/irregular/fused. Margin blunt (wavy/irregular in age).
Flesh yellowish-/rusty-brown; fibrous-tough.
Pores: Buff, grayish-brown/dark brown in age. Angular (2 –
4/mm). Tubes (1.5 – 7 mm).
Stalk: 0.8 – 2” x 0.2 – 0.8” [2 – 5 cm x 6 – 20 mm]
Ochraceous/dark brown, sometimes rudimentary, central/off-
center/lateral, cylindrical/irregular, velvety/felty.
Spores: Pale yellow/pale brown.
Locations: NOLAP.
Synonyms: Inonotus tomentosus. Polyporus tomentosus.
OVERALL: North Laurel Park, 8/11/2008, J Solem. References: Bar 150. BBF 383, 397. Lin 471, 448. M&M 415.
SIDE: North Laurel Park, 8/11/2008, J Solem. Pac 267. Roo 356.
276
Dye Polypore Phaeolus schweinitzii Dye Polypore Phaeolus schweinitzii
Fomitopsidaceae
--- --- --- --+ --- ---
ID: Body dull orange (rusty-brown in age); oblong/irregular;

surface matted/hairy; margin sharp/wavy, sometimes lobed. Pores
greenish-/orangish-yellow (grayish-brown in age), angular. Stalk (if
present) pale brown.
Habitat: Solitary, overlapping clusters or rosettes. On roots at base of
conifers or on decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 1.5 –- 10” x up to 1.1” thick
[4 – 25.5 cm x 3 cm] Dull orange/ochre (rusty-/dark-brown in age).
Surface matted/woolly/hairy. Oval/irregular. Margin yellow-/brownish-
orange; sharp, wavy, sometimes lobed. Flesh yellowish-/reddish-brown,
fibrous-tough.
Pores: Yellow/greenish-yellow/orange (yellowish-/dark rusty-/ grayish-
brown in age). Angular 0.5 – 3/mm; walls thin.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2.8” x up to 2” thick [2 – 7 cm x 3 cm]
If present, pale-/dark-/brown, tapers down, branched or not.
Spores: Whitish/yellowish.
Locations: GUIPK.
Synonym: Polyporus schweinitzii.
References: BBF 387, 398. Lae 220. Lin 473, 480. Pac 296. Phi 304.
UPPER SURFACE: Guilford Park, 9/30/2009, J Solem.

PORES: Guilford Park, 9/30/2009, J Solem.
UPPER SURFACE and PORES: Guilford Park, 9/30/2009, R Solem.
277
Flecked-flesh Polypore Phellinus igniarius [complex] Flecked-flesh Polypore Phellinus igniarius [complex]
Hymenochaetaceae
+-- -+- -+- +++ -+- -+- -++ +-- --- --- -++ -+-
ID: Body tan/brown (dark in age); shelf-like/hoof-shaped;

concentrically furrowed, cracked in age. Pores grayish-brown,
annual layers. Stalkless.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On hardwood tree trunks (living)/
logs/stumps.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 16” x 2 – 7.9” [5 – 20 cm x 10 – 40 cm], 0.4 – 3.1”
thick [2 – 8 cm]
Tan/brown (grayish-black/black in age). Finely hairy, often concentrically
furrowed (smooth and usually cracked in age). Convex/semicircular/hoof-
shaped. Flesh rust-brown.
Pores: Grayish-brown. Circular (4 – 5/mm). Annual layer of tubes (3 – 5
mm). (Older tube layers become conspicuously stuffed w/ white threads.)
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, DANPV, HENPV, HOUOS, MTPLT,
PATBT, RKBRP, ROGOR, SAVPK, SLMLP, TROYH, WESRP.
Notes: Causes white rot. P. pini occurs on conifers.
Synonym: Fomes igniarius.
References: Bar 141. Lae 218. Lin 475, 530. Phi 307. Rog.
UPPER SURFACE: Browns Bridge, 5/12/2009, J Solem.

PORES: Daniels, 4/26/2009, R Solem.
PORES: Henryton, 11/17/2009, J Solem.
278
Coral Woodcrust Phlebia incarnata Coral Woodcrust Phlebia incarnata
Coral-pink Merulius Coral-pink Merulius Meruliaceae
+ ---- --- --- --+ +++ +++ +++
ID: Body rosy-pink; crust-/shelf-like, wavy; flesh pink, soft/leathery.

Fertile surface salmon, irregular folds w/ elongate pores.
Habitat: Overlapping clusters. On hardwood logs.
Fruiting Body: 1.2 x 1.2”; up to 6” [3 x 3 cm, up to 15 cm] Coral/rosy
pink. Nearly smooth. Crust-/shelf-like, wavy, minutely hairy. Flesh (3 mm)
pink, soft and spongy/leathery.
Fertile Surface: Pinkish-orange/brownish-salmon. Irregular or net-like
folds w/shallow, elongate pores.
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: CASCT, GONRA, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL,
RKBRP, SAVPK, SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.
Synonym: Merulius incarnates.
References: Bar 152. BBF 439. Bin 391. M&M 434. McK 79, #6.
OVERALL: Schooley Mill, 11/15/2009, R Solem.

UPPER SURFACE: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, J Solem.
PORES: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, R Solem.
279
Wrinkled Crust Phlebia radiata Wrinkled Crust Phlebia radiata
Meruliaceae
+ + +--- --- --- --- +++ ++--
ID: Body orange to pink; crust-like, wavy; flesh pink, soft/leathery.

Fertile surface salmon, irregular folds w/ elongate pores.
Habitat: Irregular, radiating from central point. On hardwood and conifer
logs.
Fruiting Body: 0.4 – 4” across” [1 – 10 cm]
Orange to pink. Nearly smooth w/ edges slightly folded over. Crust
fungus, wavy w/ white hairy edge. Flesh (3 mm) pink/purplish,
spongy/leathery.
Fertile Surface: Orange to pink (rarely tan w/ orangish edges. Wrinkles
and folds radiate more or less from a central point.
Spores: White.
Locations: CASCT, HENPV, MCLUR, RKBRP, SLMLP, WINTR.
Synonym: Phlebia merismoides.
References: Bar 152. BBF 441key. Lin 424, 587. Phi 318. Kuo.
OVERALL: Schooley Mill, 11/3/2010, J Solem.

INFERTILE SURFACE: Schooley Mill, 11/3/2010, J Solem.
280
None Polyporus admirabilis [or near] None Polyporus admirabilis [or near]
Polyporaceae
--- --- -++ -+- ---
ID: Rosette of flattened fan-shaped/circular caps w/ white pores

when fresh. Cap white/creamy; margin blunt, wavy/ lobed. Stalk
white/yellow-brown, off-center, narrow. Odor.
Habitat: Solitary, overlapping clusters or rosettes. On decaying
hardwood trunks or stumps (or on ground nearby).
Fruiting Body: 4 – 14” x up to 2” thick [10 – 36 cm x 5 cm] Bright-
/creamy-white. Dry, smooth, even. Fan-shaped/circular (slightly
depressed/ to funnel-shaped in age). Margin blunt, wavy, sometimes
lobed. Flesh white/creamy-white (5 mm), fibrous-tough (softer when
young). Odor strong and unpleasant or sickeningly sweet.
Pores: White. Pores circular to angular (3 – 5/mm); circular (1/mm) when
mature. Pores continue down substrate.
Stalk: 1 – 3.5" x up to 1.75" [2.5 – 9 cm x 4.5 cm]
Whiter/yellowish-brown w/ narrowed base.
Spores: White.
Locations: RKBRP, ROGOR.
Notes: Other references (on web) talk about a complex, which may
explain discrepancies. Color to the eye was much lighter (whiter) than
photos show.
References: BBF 388, 399.

OVERALL and PORES: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/30/2009, R Solem.
281
Hexagonal-pored Polypore Polyporus alveolaris Hexagonal-pored Polypore Polyporus alveolaris
Polyporaceae
+-+-- ++- ++- ++- +++ --+ +++ ++--+
ID: Pores white/cream, hexagonal/diamond-shaped, radially

arranged. Body reddish-yellow, center darker (fades in age);
semicircular/fan-shaped; margin wavy/scalloped. Stalk minimal
(short, stubby).
Habitat: Scattered. On dead branches of hardwoods.
Reddish-yellow/orangish (fades in age); darker at attachment point.
Scaly (smoother in age). Semicircular or kidney-/fan-shaped.
Wavy/scalloped edge. Flesh (2 mm) white.
Pores: White/cream/light yellow. Diamond-shaped/hexagonal
(1 – 3/mm); usually radially arranged; descend stalk (if present).
Stalk: White/cream. Usually minimal (short, stubby, lateral).
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, CASCT, DANPV, GONRA, LONGC,
MPENA, MCHPV, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, SUKBR, WESRP, WINTR.
Synonyms: P. mori. Favolus alveolaris.
References: Bar 144. Bin 407. Kuo. Lin 455, 508. Pac 265. Phi 298.
Roo 363. Rog.
UPPER SURFACE: Pigtail, 10/23/2009, R Solem.

PORES: Pigtail, 10/23/2009, R Solem.
282
Spring Polypore Polyporus arcularius Spring Polypore Polyporus arcularius
Polyporaceae
--- +-+ +--
ID: Body dark brown, circular, convex to depressed; margin

incurved w/ conspicuous hairs. Pores large, hexagonal. Stalk color
of cap, smooth or scaly, central.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On decaying hardwood or buried wood.
Fruiting Body: 0.4 – 1.4” [1 – 8 cm]
Dark brown (golden-/yellow-brown in age). Surface scaly, dry. Circular,
convex to depressed/funnel-shaped. Margin incurved, lined w/
conspicuous hairs. Flesh (1.5 mm) white; fibrous-tough.
Pores: White/pale yellow. Pores elongated, hexagonal/angular (.5 –
1/mm), somewhat decurrent.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2.4” x 1/16 – 3/16” [2 – 6 cm x 1.5 – 4.5 mm]
Yellowish-brown to dark brown, scaly to smooth; nearly equal, central.
Spores: White.
Locations: NOFPK, PIGTL, WINTR.
References: Bar 144. BBF 384, 399. Bin 401. Lin 478, 509.
M&M 418. Roo 359.
UPPER SURFACE and PORES: North Farm Park, 5/4/2010, J Solem.

SIDE: North Farm Park, 5/4/2010, J Solem.
PORES and STALK (old): North Farm Park, 5/4/2010, J Solem.
283
Winter Polypore Polyporus brumalis Winter Polypore Polyporus brumalis
Polyporaceae
--- --- -+- --- --- --- --- -++ ---
ID: Overwinters. Scattered on dead hardwoods. Yellow-brown

convex/depressed cap; short stalk (usually).
Habitat: Scattered. Dead wood of fallen hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: [1.5 – 10 cm]
Yellow-/reddish-/blackish-brown. Convex/depressed. Hairy (nearly
smooth in age). Flesh thin (1 – 2 mm).
Pores: Whitish. Circular/angular (2 – 3/mm). Tubes (1 – 3 mm). Slightly
decurrent.
Stalk: 0.8 – 2.4” x 1/16 – 1/4” [2 – 6 cm x 1 – 6 mm]
Grayish/brownish. Smooth/minutely hairy. Central or eccentric.
Spores: White.
Locations: GONRA, WINTR.
References: Bar 146. BBF 384fn. Bin 405. Lin 479, 375. M&M 418fn.
Phi 300. Roo 361.
SIDE: Wincopin, 11/20/2010, J Solem.

PORES: Wincopin, 11/20/2010, J Solem.
CAPS: Wincopin, 11/20/2010, J Solem.
CAP: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 3/16/2011, J Solem.
284
None Polyporus craterellus None Polyporus craterellus
Polyporaceae
--+ --- ---
ID: Tan funnel with pores.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On dead wood/logs.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 5.5” [5 – 14 cm
Ochracheous/deep tan. Flat (center depressed in age). Funnel-shaped.
Smooth/scattered tufts of hair.
Pores: Whitish/yellowish/yellowish-brown. Decurrent. Angular (1 – 3
mm).
Stalk: 0.8 – 2” x 0.1 – 0.3” [2 – 5 cm x 3 – 8 mm]
Pale brown. Central.
Spores: White.
Locations: RKBRP.
References: BRB 359, 368.
www-messiah-edu_Oakes_fungi_on_wood_poroid fungi_species
pages_Polyporu.pdf

SIDE (PORES and STEM): Rockburn Branch Park, 8/25/2010, J Solem.
285
Dryad’s Saddle Polyporus squamosus Dryad’s Saddle Polyporus squamosus
Pheasant’s-back Polypore Pheasant’s-back Polypore Polyporaceae
+++ +++ +-+ --+ +-+ --- --- ---
ID: Body creamy-white/ dingy, covered w/ large flattened reddish-

brown scales; shape varies (fan-shaped to circular/funnel-
shaped); margin entire/lobed; flesh thick. Pores off-white, angular.
Stalk white above, brownish-black at base; off-center/rudimentary.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, overlapping clusters. On decaying hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 12” [5 – 30.5 cm]
Creamy-white/dingy-yellowish/pale yellow-brown. Covered w/large
flattened reddish-brown scales (often concentrically arranged). Kidney-
/fan-shaped or circular/funnel-shaped. Margin entire/conspicuously
lobed, thin. Flesh (up to 4 cm) white, soft-corky/fibrous-tough.
Pores: Off-white. Angular. Tubes (2 – 8 mm).
Stalk: 0.3 - 4.8” x 0.4 – 2” [1 – 12 cm x 1 – 5 cm]
White on upper portion, brown/brownish-black at base, lateral/off-
center/rudimentary.
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: CASCT, DANPV, FHWLP, GONRA, HENPV, MARPV,
MPENA, ORRBB, PIGTL, RKBRP, SAVPK, SLMLP, WINTR.
Notes: There are other smaller similar polypores: see BBF 392. Russell
says grows in spring and again in fall.
References: Bar 145. BBF 392, 11. Lae 203. Lin 481, 507. M&M
418fn. McK 129, #14.Pac 309. Phi 298. Roo 365. Rus 44, 13.
OVERALL: Daniels, 8/23/2008, N Magnusson.

UPPER SURFACE and STALKS: Font Hill Pk, 4/29/20074, J Tveekrem.
PORES: Daniels, 8/23/2008, N Magnusson.
UPPER SURFACE: Daniels, 4/26/2009, J Solem.
286
Blackfoot Polypore Polyporus varius Blackfoot Polypore Polyporus varius
Elegant Polypore Elegant Polypore Polyporaceae
+-- --+ +-+ ++- +++ --- +++ +++
ID: Body tan/cinnamon (whitish in age); kidney-shaped/ circular.

Pores white/gray (reddish in age), decurrent. Stalk tan above,
black base/lower half; central/lateral.
Habitat: Scattered. On dead branches and twigs of hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 4” [5 – 10 cm]
Cinnamon-buff/tan (whitish in age). Dry, nearly smooth. Kidney-shaped,
flat/concave. Flesh (1 – 5 mm) white/pale brown. Odor sweet.
Pores: White/gray/yellowish (light reddish-brown in age). Angular (4 –
5/mm). Tubes (2 mm) descend stalk.
Stalk: 0.2 – 3” x 0.1 – 0.6” [0.5 – 7.5 cm x 1.5 – 15 mm]
Tan/black on base or lower half; smooth or fine hairs; central/lateral.
Flesh pale brown.
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL,
RIVSY, RKBRP, ROGOR, SAVPK, SLMLP, SUKBR, WESRP, WINTR.
Synonym: P. elegans.
References: Bar 146. Lae 205. Lin 483, 453. Pac 309. Phi 300.
Roo 360fn.

CAP: Savage Park, 4/10/2009, R Solem.
STALK and PORES: Sykesville, 5/24/2009, R Solem.
CAP: Sykesville, 5/24/2009, J Solem .
SIDE: Sykesville, 5/24/2009, J Solem.
287
Little Nest Polypore Poronidulus conchifer Little Nest Polypore Poronidulus conchifer
Polyporaceae
+ + --- --- --- --- -+- ++- ---
ID: Cup white/ brown concentrically zoned; persists. Cup zoned w/

gray-white/yellow-pale brown.
Habitat: Groups. Decaying hardwood.
Cup: Up to 0.6” [1.6 cm]
Brown (white and brown in age). Smooth. Concentrically zoned
(blotched). Cup persists in age (white).
Cap: 0.4 – 2” x [1 – 5 cm]
Zones w/ contrasting colors (white/grayish-white, yellowish/pale brown.
Smooth/slightly velvety. Fan-/kidney-shaped, stiff. Margin thin, wavy.
Flesh white (1 mm), fibrous-tough.
Pores: White/yellowish. Angular (2 – 4/mm).
Spores: White.
Locations: CASCT, MPENA, MCHPV, RKBRP.
Synonym: Trametes conchifer.
References: Bar 137. BBF 393, 400. Lin 485, 485. Phi 320.
CUPS OVERALL: MPENA, 10/13/2010, J Solem.

CUPS (old): MPENA, 10/13/2010, J Solem.
288
Blue Cheese Polypore Postia caesia Blue Cheese Polypore Postia caesia
Fomitopsidaceae
--- +-- +-- ++-
ID: Body whitish/bluish (blue-gray in age), finely hairy/smooth;

semicircular; fleshy; stalkless. Pores white (blue-gray in age).
Habitat: Solitary, overlapping groups. On decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 4” x 0.8 – 2” [1 – 8 cm x 1 – 4 cm]
Whitish/bluish, blue-gray in age, hardening. Finely hairy (smooth and
pockmarked in age). Convex/flat/semicircular. Sharp margin. Flesh (1-10
mm).
Pores: White (blue-gray in age). Circular/angular (2 – 4/mm). Tubes (2 –
8 mm).
Spores: Whitish w/ gray-blue tinge/pale blue.
Locations: BIGBR, HAMVL, HENPV, SLMLP.
Synonyms: Tyromyces caesius. Oligoporus caesius.
References: 394fn. Bar 136. BBF 391fn. Lin 490, 522. Pac 308.
Phi 310. Roo 388fn. Rog.
PORES: Big Branch, 11/2/2009, J Solem.
UPPER SURFACE: Henryton, 10/9/2009, R Solem.
289
Staining Cheese Polypore Postia fragilis. Staining Cheese Polypore Postia fragilis
Fomitopsidaceae
++-- --- --- ---
ID: Body white/buff, stains/dries reddish-brown; may ooze liquid

when young; lumpy; stalkless. Pores white (stain yellow/reddish).
Habitat: Solitary, overlapping clusters, fused in rows. Decaying conifer
wood.
White/buff, staining reddish-brown when bruised or dry. Covered w/ soft
fibers (become matted in age). Fan-shaped/semicircular, sometimes
laterally fused. Soft (may ooze drops of liquid when young); fibrous-tough
in age. Flattened/convex. Stalkless.
Pores: White. Stain yellow, then reddish-brown. Angular/ irregular,
sometimes jagged (2 – 4/mm). Tubes (2 – 8 mm).
Spores: Whitish.
UPPER SURFACE: Rockburn Branch Park, 7/28/2010, R Orr.
Locations: RKBRP, SLMLP.
PORES: Rockburn Branch Park, 7/28/2010, R Solem. Synonyms: Tyromyces fragilis. Oligoporus fragilis.
References: BBF 391, 398. Lin 492, 589. Phi 310. Roo 389. Rog.
290
Reddish-brown Crust Pseudochaete tabacina Reddish-brown Crust Pseudochaete tabacina
Hymenochaetaceae
--- --- --- --- ------ --+ --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Often a large, fused sheet. Fertile surface dull brown, velvety
(fresh) or cracked (old and dry). Use KOH.
Habitat: Overlapping clusters on decaying hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: 0.4 – 0.8” W x 1/4 – 3/8” H [1 – 2 cm x
6 – 10 mm] Sterile surface: Yellowish-/orange-/dark-brown. Shelf-like
stalkless caps often fused laterally and extending 8 – 12” [20 – 30 cm].
Densely matted/woolly (nearly smooth in age). Margin orange-/bright
golden-yellow. Fertile surface: Dull brown w/ many dark-brown
setae.When dry, it is uneven, smooth/finely cracked/deeply radially
cracked on flattened part. Flesh dull brown, tough, fibrous; turns dark
brown w/ KOH.
OVERALL (infertile surface): Patapsco Female Institute, Frequency: Uncommon.
7/30/2010, R Solem.
OVERALL (side): Patapsco Female Institute, 7/30/2010, R Solem. Locations: PAFEI.
Synonym: Hymenochaete tabacina.
References: BBF 441, 578. Lin 439, 578.
291
Warted Oak Polypore Pseudoinonotus dryadeus Warted Oak Polypore Pseudoinonotus dryadeus
Hymenochaetaceae
+---- -+- -++ --+ ++- ---
ID: Body whitish-gray (dark in age); uneven/ warty/lumpy. Pores

whitish/gray-brown (dark in age). Stalkless. Odor unpleasant.
Habitat: Solitary, sometimes fused. At base of living oaks or fresh oak
stumps (infrequent on other hardwoods; found once on cherry).
Fruiting Body: 3 – 16” [7.5 – 40 cm]
Whitish-gray (gray-yellow/red-brown/blackish in age). Hairy (smooth in
age), surface uneven/warty, bumpy, exudes clear drops when young.
Convex/irregular. Flesh (1.5 – 5 cm) yellow-/rusty-brown, fibrous-tough.
Odor unpleasant.
Pores: Whitish-/gray-brown (often w/ silvery sheen); dark in age. Round
to angular (3 – 5/mm). Tubes (5 – 30 mm).
Stalk: Absent/very short. Longitudinal pits.
Spores: Whitish/pale yellow.
Frequency: Fairlycommon.
Locations: BIGBR, HENPV, HIRIP, NOLAP, PIGTL, ROGOR, SLMLP,
WESRP, WINTR.
Synonyms: Inonotus dryadeus. Polyporus dryadeus.
References: Bin 285. Lin 466, 534. Rog.

PORES and CLEAR DROPS: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, R Solem.
UPPER SURFACE: High Ridge Park, 8/26/2009, R Solem.
OVERALL (young): Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 8/24/2009, R Solem.
292
None Pycnoporellus fulgens None Pycnoporellus fulgens
Hymenochaetaceae
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- +-- --- --- ---
ID: Body pale orange; semicircular/ fan-shaped; stalkless. Pores

orange, often lacerated in age.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups, overlapping clusters. On decaying
hardwood or conifers.
Fruiting Body: 1.5 – 3.5” [4 – 9 cm]
Pale-/dark-orange to rusty. Surface covered w/ tiny, matted hairs, faint
concentric rings (nearly smooth in age); margin whitish. Semicircular/fan-
shaped, flattened/slightly convex. Flesh pale orange, corky/fibrous-tough.
Pores: Pale-/dark-orange, often lacerated in age. Circular/ angular (2 –
3/mm). Tubes (4 mm).
Spores: Whitish/buffy-white.
Locations: HIRIP.
References: BBF392, 399. Roo 382.

PORES: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, J Solem.
PORES: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, R Solem.
293
Cinnabar Polypore Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Cinnabar Polypore Pycnoporus cinnabarinus
Polyporaceae
--- --- -+- +-- --+ --- +-+ --- +-- --- +-- ---
ID: Body reddish-orange; fan-/kidney-shaped; wrinkled; stalkless.

Pores dark orange-red.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, overlapping clusters. On decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 1.1 – 5.5” x 0.6” [3 – 14 cm x 1.6 cm]
Orange to red/reddish-orange (mixed w/ other colors/fades in age).
Smooth or wrinkled. Fan-/kidney-shaped, convex/flattened. Laterally
attached (1.1 x 0.8” [3 x 2 cm]). Margin rounded/sharp. Flesh
corky/fibrous-tough.
Pores: Dark/pale orange-red. Circular/angular (2 – 4/mm). Tubes (2 – 3
mm), none at margin.
Spores: Whitish.
Locations: CASCT, HIRIP, MPENA, MCHPV, MTPLT, OFRRD,
RKBRP, SLMLP, WINTR.
References: Bar 149. BBF 393, 399. Lae 225. Lin 486, 512. M&M
429. Pac 298. Phi 304. Roo 383.
UPPER SURFACE and PORES: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, R Solem.

SIDE: Old Frederick Road, 5/22/2009, R Solem.
UPPER SURFACE (old): Old Frederick Road, 5/22/2009, R Solem.
294
Bay-brown Polypore Royoporus badius Bay-brown Polypore Royoporus badius
Polyporaceae
+---- -+- --- -+- +++ +++ ---
ID: Body reddish-brown w/ darker center when young (whole body

much darker in age); circular/irregular, typically depressed/funnel-
shaped; margin paler, uplifted/ wavy in age. Pores white/pale buff,
decurrent. Stalk reddish-brown above, black below, swollen at
attachment point, central.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, clusters. On decaying hardwood.
Fruiting Body: 1.5 – 8” [4 – 20. 5 cm]
Pale reddish-brown w/ darker center when young (soon chestnut-
brown/reddish-brown w/ blackish-brown center). Surface smooth,
dull/shiny. Circular/irregular, typically funnel-shaped/convex/slightly
depressed. Margin pale yellowish-/reddish-brown and inrolled when
young (uplifted, thin, wavy, or lobed In age). Flesh (1 mm) white; fibrous-
tough.
Pores: White/pale buff. Pores circular/angular (5 – 7/mm), more or less
decurrent.
Stalk: 0.4 – 2” x 1/8 – 5/8” [1 – 5 cm x 3 – 16 mm]
Reddish-brown near apex (or not), black below; smooth; nearly equal or
tapers down (swollen at point of attachment).
Spores: White.
Frequency: Occasiional.
OVERALL: Schooley Mill Park, 10/12/2009, J Solem Locations: DANPV, HENPV, LONGC, PIGTL, SLMLP.
PORES and STALK: Schooley Mill Park, 10/12/2009, R Solem.
TOP (old): Pigtail, 11/21/2009, J Solem Notes: Unable to determine whether this is Polyporus badius or
Royoporus badius (both are listed in Index Fungorum.
Synonym: Polyporus badius
M&M 419. Roo 360.
295
Bitter Hedgehog Sarcodon scabrosus Bitter Hedgehog Sarcodon scabrosus
Bankeraceae
--- --- -++ +-- ---
ID: Stalk colored like cap, bluish-black near base. Cap reddish-
/chestnut-brown, surface smooth (cracked/scaly showing dingy
white beneath in age); convex/nearly flat. Spines pale
brown/grayish (darker in age). Taste very bitter.
Cap: 2–- 6” [5 – 15 cm]
Pinkish-/reddish-/chesnut-/blackish-brown; surface soon becoming
cracked and scaly showing yellowish-brown/ dingy white beneath, scales
appressed/somewhat erect at center. Convex/nearly flat. Flesh whitish,
firm, brittle.
Fertile surface: Spines 1/4 – 3/8” [6 – 10 mm]; pale brown/grayish
(reddish-/dark-brown in age); decurrent.
Stalk: 1.5 – 4” x 0.6 – 1.4” [4 – 10 cm x 1.5 – 3.5 cm]
Colored like cap, bluish-green/blackish near base. Smooth, dry. Tapers
up, base swollen. Hollow in age.
Spores: Pale brown.
Locations: PIGTL.
Notes: Roody says a similar species (S. imbricatus [not found]) lacks
bluish-green at base of stalk.
Synonym: Hydnum scabrosum.
References: Bar 124. BBF 403. Lae 237. Lin 435. M&M 402fn.
McK 95, 10. Pac 270fn. Roo 404.

CAP EDGE and SPINES: Pigtail, 8/17/2009, R Solem.
296
Ochre Toothed Mushroom Steccherinum ochraceum
Ochre Toothed Mushroom Steccherinum ochraceum
Meruliaceae
--- --- +-- --- --+ ---+
ID: Body grayish-white/ochre; hairy; margin whitish. Spines ochre,

often forked. Distinct odor.
Habitat: Flat, sometimes shelving brackets. On
branches/twigs of hardwoods (cherry).
Fruiting Body: 1.2 – 12” x 1.6” [3 – 30 cm x 4 cm]
Variable (grayish-white, ochre). Hairy; zonate surface. Often laterally
fused. Margin whitish. Distinct odor.
Fertile surface: Ochre; spines up to 1 mm long, compressed, often
forked.
Spores: White.
Locations: MPENA, RKBRP, WILLK.
References: Bar 128. Lin 437, 588. Bin 417.
OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park,10/22/2010, J Solem.

SPINES: Rockburn Branch Park,10/22/2010, R Solem.
FERTILE SURFACE: Wilde Lake, 8/3/2010, R Orr.
297
Crowded Parchment Stereum complicatum Crowded Parchment Stereum complicatum
Stereaceae
+ ++ +-- --- -++ -++ ++- ------ ---
ID: Body tan/orange-brown/pinkish; densely velvety (less so in

age); often fused; stalkless. Fertile surface orange (cream in age),
smooth.
Habitat: Groups, overlapping clusters (often fusing together). On dead
hardwood branches/stumps (especially oak).
Fruiting Body: Up to 0.8” [2 cm] but usually fused together.
Tan/orange-brown/pinkish/cinnamon. Densely velvety/hairy/ appressed
hairs (sometimes nearly smooth in age). Laterally attached, irregular/fan-
shaped. Margin wavy.
Pores: Orange (cream/cinnamon-buff in age). Smooth.
Spores: White (but difficult to obtain).
Frequency: Common.
OVERALL: Scholley Mill Park, 5/82009, J Solem. Locations: BIGBR, DANPV, HENPV, HIRIP, HOUOS, LONGC, MPENA,
FERTILE SURFACE: High Ridge Park, 8/1/2009, R Solem RKBRP, SLMLP, SUKBR, TUFTS, WESRP, WINTR.
INFERTILE SURFACE: High Ridge Park, 8/1/2009, R Solem.
Notes: Sometimes parasitized by jelly fungi.
Synonym: S. remeale.
References: Bin 425. M&M 436, Lin 496, 545. Phi 319. Kuo.
298
Bleeding Oak Crust Stereum gausapatum Bleeding Oak Crust Stereum gausapatum
Stereaceae
--- --+ --- --- --- --- --- -++ --- --- --- ---
ID: Zonate bands of orange/brown/black; wavy margin.

Habitat: Dead or fallen oaks.
Fruiting Body: Up to 1.5” x 1.5” [4 cm x 4 cm]
Bands of orange/brown/black, zonate. Edges usually curl up. Margin very
light when fresh. Flexible (brittle when dry.) Often w/ sweet almond odor.
Fruiting Surface: shades of oranges tinged w/ brown. Smooth/ wrinkled.
Turns red where injured. May ooze red drops.
Spores: Pale orange.
Locations: GONRA, MPENA, WESRP.
References: Bin 419. BBF 439key. Rog.

FERTILE SURFACE (with red drops): MPENA, 8/19/2010, R Orr. INFERTILE
SURFACE: MPENA, 8/19/2010, J Solem.
END OF LOG: MPENA, 8/19/2010, J Solem.
299
False Turkey-tail Stereum ostrea False Turkey-tail Stereum ostrea
Stereaceae
--- -++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++- +++ +++ +--
ID: No pores. Body w/ conspicuous zones of various contrasting

colors; fan-/kidney-/funnel-shaped; margin thin; stalkless.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On decaying hardwood branches/
logs/stumps.
Fruiting Body: 0.4 – 2.8” [1 – 7 cm]
Typically reddish-brown and other colors (gray/yellow/ orange).
Concentrically zoned. Covered w/ fine, silky hairs. Often whitish at
margin.
Fruiting Surface: Reddish-brown/reddish-buff/buff. Smooth, no pores.
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, CEDLP, DANPV, DFWMA, DORWD,
FULSA, GONRA, HAMVL, HENPV, HIRIP, HOLLO, HOUOS, LONGC,
MARPV, MPENA, MCHPV, MTPLT, PIGTL, RKBRP, SAVPK, SLMLP,
SUKBR, SVMLT, TUFTS, WESRP, WINTR.
Synonyms: S. fasciatum. S. lobatum. S. versicolor.
References: Bar 154. BBF 443. Bin 423. Lin 497, 536. M&M 435.
McK 80, 6. Phi 315. Roo 384.
INFERTILE SURFACE: Henryton,10/26/2009, R Orr.

FERTILE SURFACE: Pigtail, 8/31/2010, R Orr
INFERTILE SURFACE (old): Wincopin,10/29/2008, J Solem.
300
Silky Parchment Stereum striatum Silky Parchment Stereum striatum
Stereaceae
--- --+ --- --- --- --- --- ++- --- --- --- ---
ID: Body silvery/pale gray w/ small silky fibers; often fused;

stalkless. Fertile surface light buff (fades in age), smooth/wrinkled.
Habitat: Groups. On dead branches/twigs of hardwoods (especially
hornbeam).
Fruiting Body: 1/4 –- 3/8” [5 – 10 mm], often laterally fused to 4” [10
cm]. Silvery/pale gray. Flat, round, sometimes conical (when small).
Small radiating silky fibers.
Pores: Light buff/ochre-buff/brown (fades in age). Smooth/ wrinkled,
sometimes concentrically zoned.
Spores: White.
Locations: GONRA, LONGC, MPENA.
References: Lin 497, 574. Phi 318. Roo 384fn. Rog.
FERTILE SURFACE: Long Corner, 8/7/2009, R Solem.
301
Common Fiber Vase Thelephora terrestris Common Fiber Vase Thelephora terrestris
Earth Fan Earth Fan Thelephoraceae
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --+ --- --- --- ---
ID: On ground/in moss in forests. Body rusty-brown (darker in

age); circular/fan-shaped overlapping caps, often fused; short stiff
matted hairs; margin lighter, woolly, looks coarsely torn. Pores
pale gray/pinkish-brown; wrinkled/ finely warted.
Habitat: Solitary, overlapping clusters. Attached to roots/ branches or
on ground/in moss in forests.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 2” x 0.5 – 2.8”
[2 – 5 cm x 1.3 – 7 cm] Rusty-/dark-/grayish-brown (blackish-brown in
age). Short, stiff hairs, often matted/scaly; somewhat concentrically
zoned. Circular to fan-shaped; stalkless caps in overlapping clusters
often laterally fused. Margin white/brown; woolly, looks coarsely torn,
often w/ small fan-shaped outgrowths. Flesh leathery. Odor unpleasant.
Pores: Pale gray/pinkish-brown/brown; somewhat wrinkled/finely warted.
Locations: PIGTL.
References: Bar 153. BBF, 426, 14. Lae 229. Lin 413, 437. M&M 437.
McK 78, 6: Pac 328. Phi 357. Roo 434fn.

FERTILE SURFACE: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, J Solem.
INFERTILE and FERTILE SURFACES: Pigtail, 8/27/2009, R Solem.
302
None Trametes hirsuta None Trametes hirsuta
Polyporaceae
--- -+- --- -+- --- --- --- --- --- -+- --- ---
ID: Cup white/ brown concentrically zoned; persists. Cap zoned w/

gray-white/yellow-pale brown.
Habitat: Clusters on dead hardwoods (rarely conifers).
Fruiting Body: 3.9 x 2.4” [10 cm x 6 cm]
Zones w/ gray/whitish/brownish shades, little contrast. Densely hairy,
radially furrowed in concentric zones. Semicurcular/ irregularly bracket-
/kidney-shaped. Margin often brownish/ blackish. Flesh whitish, thin.
Pores: Whitish (brownish/grayish/yellowish in age). Pores
circular/angular (3 – 4/mm). Tubes (6 mm).
Locations: DANPV, HIRIP, PIGTL.
Synonym: Coriolus hirsu tus.
References: Bar 137. BBF 394fn. Bin 429. Lin 489fn. Roo 386fn.
Kuo.
303
None Trametes pubescens None Trametes pubescens
Polyporaceae
+ --- --- --- --- --- +--+
ID: Body cream/yellowish-tan; fan-/kidney-shaped or irregular;

tomentose. Pores white (yellowish in age), <1 cm thick.
Habitat: Overlapping clusters. On dead hardwood branches.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 4” x < 0.4” thick [5 – 10 cm x <1 cm]
Cream/yellowish-tan. Conspicuous or faint concentric zones, noticeably
tomentose/finely hairy. Fan-/kidney-shaped, flattened.
Pores: White (yellowish in age). Circular /slightly angular (3 – 5/mm).
Tubes (<5 mm).
Spores: White.
Stalk: Rudimentary/none.
Locations: GONRA, MPENA, MTPLT.
Synonyms: Boletus pubescens. Coriolus pubescens. Polyporus
pubescens. T. merisma. T. quercina. T. velutina.
References: Bar 137. Bin 431. Lae 224fn. Phi 317. Rog.

CAP: MPENA, 12/8/2009, J Solem.
PORES: MPENA, 12/8/2009, J Solem.
304
Turkey-tail Trametes versicolor Turkey-tail Trametes versicolor
Polyporaceae
--- -++ ++- +++ --+ ++- +++ -++ ++- +++ +++ ---
ID: Body conspicuous zones w/ various contrasting colors; fan-

/kidney-/funnel-shaped, often fused; margin thin; stalkless. Pores
white/gray, small.
Habitat: Solitary, overlapping clusters or rows. On dead hardwoods (or
conifers) or in wounds.
Fruiting Body: 1 – 4” [2.5 –10 cm]
Various contrasting colors (brown/blue/gray/orange/ green) in
conspicuous concentric zones. Thin, velvety/silky/hairy, fibrous. Fan-
/kidney-shaped, flattened/ fused into rows. Margin thin. Flesh (1-2 mm)
w/ thin black layer below surface.
Pores: White/gray. Angular/circular (3 – 5/mm).
Spores: White.
Locations: ANNRK, BIGBR, CASCT, CEDLP, DANPV, DORWD,
FARMS, FULSA, GONRA, HENPV, HIRIP, HOUOS, LONGC, MPENA,
MCHPV, MTPLT, NOFPK, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR, SLMLP, TROYH,
WINTR.
Notes: False Turkey-tail (Stereum ostrea) has no pores.
Synonyms: Coriolus versicolor. Polystictus versicolor. Polyporus
versicolor.
References: Bar 138. BBF 393, 400. Bin 433. Lae 224. Lin 489,482.
M&M 430. McK 125, 14. Phi 317. Roo 385. Rus 205, #100.
OVERALL: Henryton, 9/16/2009, R Solem.

INFERTILE SURFACE: Henryton, 9/16/2009, R Solem.
INFERTILE SURFAE: Henryton, 9/16/2009, R Solem.
PORES: Big Branch, 8/21/2009, R Solem.
INFERTILE SURFACE: Annapolis Rock,4/29/2009, W Earp.
305
None Trametopsis cervina None Trametopsis cervina
Polyporaceae
--- -+- --- +-+ --+ ++- --- --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Body zones white/pinkish-buff; shell-/fan-shaped, overlapping

clusters; coarse hairs, margin uneven/wavy in age; stalkless.
Pores white (buff in age), labyrinthine/tooth-like in age.
Habitat: Overlapping clusters on decaying hardwoods (rarely conifers).
Fruiting Body: 1.1 – 3.5” x 0.4” thick [3 – 9 cm x 9 mm]
White/pinkish-buff/pale cinnamon zones. Coarse hairs. Shell-/fan-
shaped, leathery to stiff. Margin uneven/wavy in age. Flesh (1 mm)
white/pale buff, fibrous-tough.
Pores: White (cinnamon-buff in age). Irregular/angular (conspicuously
labyrinthine/tooth-like in age).
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, DANPV, PIGTL, RKBRP.
Synonym: Trametes cervina.
INFERTILE SURFACE: Big Branch, 5/29/2009, R Solem.

OVERALL (young): Pigtail, 6/13/2009, R Solem.
306
Purple Toothed Polypore Trichaptum abietinum Purple Toothed Polypore Trichaptum abietinum
Polyporaceae
--- -+- --+ --- --+ -+- +-+ --+ --- +-+ -++ ---
ID: On dead conifers. Body zones of whitish/grayish-white;

semicircular/irregular; tough and leathery; stalkless. Pores
purple/lilac (buff/brown and split in age).
Habitat: Overlapping clusters. On dead conifers.
Fruiting Body: Up to 2.4” x 1/8” [6 cm x 3 mm]
Zones of whitish/grayish-white. Smooth, not hairy. Semicircular,
irregularly bracket-/kidney-shaped, flattened-convex. Margin sometimes
pale lilac. Flesh whitish, tough and leathery.
Pores: Purple/lilac, strongest shades near margin (buff/ brownish in
age). Hairy (hairier than T. biforme according to Kuo). Angular (3 –
5/mm), split to become spines.
Spores: White.
Locations: BRNBR, DANPV, DFWMA, HIRIP, MPENA, RKBRP,
WINTR.
Notes: Smaller and thinner than T. biforme.
Synonym: Hirschioporus abientinus.
References: Bar 148. BBF 278. Lae 226. Lin 490. M&M 430fn.
Roo 387fn.
OVERALL (old): Browns Bridge, 6/13/2009, R Solem.
INFERTILE SURFACE: Browns Bridge, 6/13/2009, R Solem.
FERTILE SURFACE: Rockburn Branch Park, 10/23/2010, J Solem.
307
Violet Toothed Polypore Trichaptum biforme Violet Toothed Polypore Trichaptum biforme
Purple Toothed Polypore Purple Toothed Polypore Polyporaceae
+-- -++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ -+- +++ +++ ---
ID: On dead hardwoods. Body zones of whitish/grayish-white;

semicircular/irregular; tough and leathery; stalkless. Pores
purple/lilac (buff/brown and split in age).
Habitat: Overlapping clusters. On dead hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: Up to 2.4” x 1/8” [6 cm x 3 mm]
Zones of whitish/grayish-white. Hairy/finely hairy/smooth. Semicircular,
irregularly bracket-/kidney-shaped, or flattened-convex. Margin
sometimes pale lilac. Flesh whitish, tough /leathery.
Pores: Purple/lilac, strongest shades near margin (buff/ brownish in
age). Angular (3 – 5/mm), split to become spines. Tubes (1 – 3 mm).
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, DANPV, DFWMA, FULSA, GONRA,
HENPV, HIRIP, HOUOS, HOWCH, LONGC, MPENA, MCHPV, NOLAP,
PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, SUKBR, TUFTS, WESRP, WINTR.
Synonyms: Hirschioporus biformis. Polporus paragamenus.
References: Bin 441. Lae 226fn. Lin 490, 538. M&M 430. Phi 315.
Roo 387.

308
White Cheese Polypore Tyromyces chioneus White Cheese Polypore Tyromyces chioneus
Polyporaceae
++ +---- --+ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ---
ID: Body white (pale yellow/ gray in age); finely hairy/smooth,

oozes water when young; variety of shapes, lumpy; fleshy;
stalkless. Pores white (pale yellow/gray in age).
Habitat: Scattered. On decaying hardwoods.
Whitish. Dry and soft (but may ooze water). Smooth/slightly
tomentose/warty. Variety of shapes. Flesh (up to 2 cm) white, spongy.
Does not bruise/discolor. Unpleasant taste.
Pores: White (pale yellow/pale gray in age). Angular/ circular (3 –
5/mm). Tubes (1.5 – 8 mm).
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, DANPV, DFWMA, GONRA, GUIPK,
HENPV, HIRIP, HOUOS, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP,
SLMLP, SUKBR, WESRP, WINTR.
References: Bar 136. BBF 394, 400. Lin 491, 490. Pac 308fn.
Phi 310. Roo 388.

BODY: Pigtail, 9/25/2009, J Solem.
BODY: Pigtail, 9/15/2009, R Solem.
309
Ceramic Fungus Xylobolus frustulatus Ceramic Fungus Xylobolus frustulatus
Stereaceae
+-- -++ +++ -++ +-+ -++ -+- +-- --- -+- +++ +--
ID: Body dirty-/pinkish-white individual small “tiles.”

Habitat: Dense clusters (flat crust). On debarked oak logs, infrequently
on other hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: Up to 24” [50 cm], individual frustules (tile-like polygons)
to 0.4” [1 cm] Dirty white/pinkish-white/pale yellow-brown (grayish-
brown in age), sides dark-brown/black. Surface smooth/minutely
pimpled. Irregular tile-like segments.
Spores: White [Lincoff]. Pinkish-orangish [Kuo].
Frequency: Common.
Locations: CEDLP, DANPV, DFWMA, GONRA, HENPV, HOUOS,
HOWCH, MARPV, MPENA, MCHPV, RKBRP, SLMLP, WINTR.
Synonym: Stereum frustulosum.
References: Bar 155. Bin 445. Lin 498, 572. Kuo.
OVERALL: Henryton,7/15/2009, J Solem.

OVERALL: Henryton,7/15/2009, R Solem.
310
Others
(Puffball, Coral, Club, Jelly, Cup)
Apiosporina Hypomyces
Artomyces Hypoxylon
Ascocoryne Leotia
Auricularia Lycoperdon
Biscogniauxia Microglossum
Bisporella Mitrula
Bovista Morchella
Calocera Multiclavula
Calvatia Mutinus
Camarops Neolecta
Chlorencoelia Pachyella
Chlorociboria Peziza
Chlorosplenium Phaeocalicium
Chondrostereum Phallus
Clavaria Pseudocolus
Clavicorona Puccinia
Clavulina Ramaria
Clavulinopsis Scleroderma
Climacodon Scutellinia
Crucibulum Sparassis
Crustodontia Spathularia
Cyathus Spathulariopsis
Dacrymyces Syzygites
Dacryopinax Terana
Daldinia Tremella
Exidea Tremellodendron
Galiella Uromyces
Gloeotromera Xylaria
Hypocrea
311
Black Knot of Cherry Apiosporina morbosa Black Knot of Cherry Apiosporina morbosa
Venturiaceae
+-- +++ --+ --+ --- --- --- --- --- --- -+- +--
ID: Body black, carbonaceous; surface hard, furrowed/ cracked.

Habitat: Parasitic on living cherry and plum trees. Clasps and envelops
branches and twigs.
Fruiting Body: 1.4 – 5.5” long x 0.4 – 1” thick
[3.5 – 14 cm x 1 – 2.5 cm]. Black, carbonaceous. Surface hard, finely
roughened, typically furrowed and cracked. Flesh white when young,
soon black and brittle. Perithecia embedded near surface in a single
layer.
Locations: ANNRK, CENPK, DFWMA, MPENA, MTPLT, SLMLP.
Synonym: Dibotryon morbosum.
References: BBF 524, 527. Phi 379. Kuo.
OVERALL: MPENA,12/04/2009, R Orr.

OVERALL: Mt Pleasant,1/1/2011, K Schwarz.
312
Crown-tipped Coral Artomyces pyxidatus Crown-tipped Coral Artomyces pyxidatus
Auriscalpiaceae
++++ -++ +-+ -++
ID: On decaying hardwoods. Body white/creamy (yellow/tan in

age); coral-like; taste somewhat peppery.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On decaying hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: Up to 5.1” high [13 cm)
White/pale creamy-white (ochre-yellow/tan in age). Erect, coral-like,
numerous forked branches from a short stalk, crown-like branch tips,
smooth, moist; taste somewhat peppery. Flesh tough/brittle, white.
Spores: White.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, FULSA, GONRA, HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA,
NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR, SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.
Notes: One of the few coral fungi growing on wood.
Synonym: Clavicorona pyxidata.
73, 6. Pac 332. Phi 349. Roo 424.

OVERALL: Big Branch, 5/29/2009, R Orr.
OVERALL: Fulton South Area Park, 5/23/2009, J Solem.
313
Purple Jelly Drops Ascocoryne sarcoides Purple Jelly Drops Ascocoryne sarcoides
Ascocoryne cylichnium Ascocoryne cylichnium
Helotiales
--- -+- +++
ID: Body pink/reddish-purple; round, then cushion-shaped, finally

saucer-shaped w/ irregular margin; rubbery.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. In moss on decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 1/8 – 3/8” [3 – 10 mm]
Pink/reddish-purple. Nearly round when young, soon cushion-shaped,
then irregularly saucer-shaped w/ lobed/wavy margin. Flesh rubbery.
Spores: ?
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP,
WINTR.
Notes: Microscopic examination of spores needed to separate species.
References: Bar 56 [both]. BBF 484, 490, 498. Lin 362, 616. Phi 375.
Rog [both].
OVERALL: Big Branch,11/3/2009, R Solem.

OVERALL: Henryton,10/26/2009, R Solem.
TOPS: Henryton,10/26/2009, R Solem.
TOPS: Wincopin,11/6/2009, R Orr.
314
Tree-Ear Auricularia auricula-judae Tree-Ear Auricularia auricula-judae
Ear Fungus Ear Fungus Auriculariaceae
+ + +++ --- -+- --- -++ -+- +--++
ID: Body reddish-brown (outer), grayish-brown (inner); ear-

shaped/irregular; rubbery.
Habitat: Solitary, groups, fused clusters. On decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 1.1 – 5.9” [3 – 15 cm]
Reddish-brown (outer), yellowish-/reddish-/grayish-/purplish-brown
(inner), minutely hairy/velvety. Ear-shaped to irregularly cup-shaped;
stalkless. Flesh rubbery.
Locations: BRNBR, DANPV, GONRA, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL,
SLMLP, WILLK.
Synonyms: Auricularia auricula . Hirneola auricula-judae.
M&M 497. McK 64, 5. Pac 321. Phi 357. Roo 452.

315
Hypoxylon Canker of Oak Biscogniauxia atropunctata Hypoxylon Canker of Oak Biscogniauxia atropunctata
Xylariaceae
--- -+- --+ -+- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Gray/white sheet w/ black dots; on hardwood trunks.

Habitat: Spreading sheet of fused stomata. On hardwood trunks
(hickory, beech, oak).
Fruiting Body: Up to 5 – 6” [1.5 – 2 m]
White/pale gray, smooth; dotted w/ black perithecia.
Locations: MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP.
Synonyms: Diatrype atropunctata. Hypoxylon atropunctatum. Sphaeria
atropunctata.
Notes: Spores examined by R. Orr.
References: Bin 266.
OVERALL: Pigtail,4/12/2010, R Orr.

ENLARGED: Pigtail,4/12/2010, R Orr.
316
Lemon Drops Bisporella citrina Lemon Drops Bisporella citrina
Yellow Fairy Cups Yellow Fairy Cups Helotiales
--- --+ --- +++ +++
ID: Body lemon-/golden-yellow, smooth; shallow cup (nail-head in

side view); smooth, rubbery.
Habitat: Groups, dense clusters. On debarked and decaying hardwood.
Fruiting Body: 1/32 – 1/8” [1 – 3 mm]
Lemon-/golden-yellow (orange/yellow in dry weather). Smooth, jelly-like,
saucer-shaped (or like nail-head in side view).
Stalk: None/rudimentary; tiny, white.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: ANNRK, BIGBR, CASCT, HENPV, MPENA, MTPLT, PIGTL,
Synonyms: Calycella citrina. Heliotium citrinum.
References: Bar 59. BBF 490, 20. Lae 273. Lin 362, 568. Pac 399.
317
Tumbling Puffball Bovista pila Tumbling Puffball Bovista pila
Agaricaceae
--- --- -+- --- ---
ID: Body pinkish-white, bronze/brown in age w/ pore-like

tears/mouths. Spores white and solid, dark brown and powdery at
maturity.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in grass in forests or
pastures, or near stables.
Fruiting Body: 1.2 – 3.5” [3.2 – 9 cm]
White peridium becomes pinkish (dark brown/bronze, sometimes w/
metallic luster). At maturity forms one or more pore-like mouths that often
tear. Nearly spherical/ellipsoid, attached to soil by single cord.
Spores: White and solid, dark brown and powdery at maturity.
Locations: MPENA.
References: BBF 451, 458. Lae 255fn. Lin 820, 641. M&M 448.
McK 351, 45.
OVERALL (w/ mature spores): MPENA, 9/18/2009, R Solem.

BOTTOM (showing attachment cord): MPENA, 9/18/2009, R Solem.
318
Small Staghorn Calocera cornea Small Staghorn Calocera cornea
Dacrymycetaceae
+-+- -++ --- --- +--
ID: Body yellow, dries orange; awl-shaped, rubbery.

Habitat: Clusters. On decaying wood on branches or twigs.
Fruiting Body: 1/4 – 3/4" H x 1/16 – 1/8” W
[5 – 20 mm x 1 – 3 mm] Yellow, drying more orange. Awl-shaped
(rarely forked); tough-rubbery.
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, DANPV, HOUOS, LONGC, PIGTL, SLMLP.
References: Bin 321. Lae 250fn. Lin 381. M&M 496. Pac 340. Rog.
OVERALL (Witches’ Butter behind): Big Branch, 5/29/2009, R Solem.

COVERING LOG: Pigtail, 6/13/2009, R Solem.
319
None Calvatia craniiformis None Calvatia craniiformis
Agaricaceae
--- --- -+ ---
ID: Body white (pale brown w/ plates breaking off in age);

ellipsoid/spherical, irregular in age. Spores white and solid,
yellowish, purple-brown and powdery at maturity.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups, fairy rings. On ground in forests,
pastures, parks, or brushy areas.
Fruiting Body: 6 – 15”, to 20” [15 – 38 cm, to 50 cm]
White to creamy white, dingy/brownish in age, smooth, soft,
cracking/flaking away in age. Ellipsoid/spherical when young (often
flattened/indented in age), attached to ground by basal cord-like root.
Spores: White and soft, then yellowisn/greenish-yellow, finally greenish-
brown and powdery.
Locations: ROGOR.
References: Lin 822, 656. M&M 458. McK 353, 44. Pac 368.
Roo 440fn.
OVERALL (w/ 6” ruler): Gorman Crossing ES, 9/21/2008, R Solem.

CUT SURFACE (young): Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/19/2009, R Solem.
CUT SURFACE (maturing): Rocky Gorge Resevoir,
9/19/2009, R Solem.
320
Purple-spored Puffball Calvatia cyathiformis Purple-spored Puffball Calvatia cyathiformis
Vase-shaped Puffball Vase-shaped Puffball Agaricaceae
--- --- +-- +++ ---
ID: Body white/creamy (dingy brown and flaking away in age);

ellipsoid/spherical. Spores white/yellowish (greenish), greenish-
brown and powdery at maturity.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, fairy rings. On hard-packed earth in grassy
areas or along wood land edges.
Fruiting Body: 3.5 – 7”x to 3.5 – 8” [9 – 17.5 cm x 9 – 20 cm] White to
pale brown. smooth, then areolate, breaking into thin plates that flake off
in age. Ellipsoid/spherical or pear-/top-shaped (irregular in age). Leaves
a purple funnel-shaped cup.
Spores: White and solid, then yellowish, finally dull purple/ purple-brown
and powdery.
Locations: ALRLF, GUIPK, HAMVL, MPENA, WESRP.
References: Bar 93. BBF 452, 458. Lae 263fn. Lin 822, 653. M&M
459. McK 352, #44. Phi 330. Roo 440. Rus 99, #48.
OVERALL: UMDCF,10/10/2010, R Orr.

OVERALL (showing mature spores): MPENA,10/14/2009, J Solem.
BASES of OLD FRUITING BODIES: Alpha Ridge Landfill,
10/19/2008, J Solem.
321
None Camarops petersii None Camarops petersii
Boliniaceae
--+ +-- -+- ---
ID: Black and shiny cushion w/ dots, but slimy surface when
producing spores. Inside brownish and tough. Use KOH.
Habitat: Solitary, small clusters. On barkless fallen oaks.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 2.8” x 0.8”H [2 – 7 cm x 2 cm]
Black and shiny, covered w/ pimple-like dots; covered w/ black
slime/droplets when producing spores; covered when young w/ black
felty veil (which ruptures and becomes sheath around fruiting body).
Subcircular/elliptical, cushion-shaped, somewhat narrowed base. Interior
brownish, tough w/ black channels/pockets. May have creosote odor.
Notes: Tissues of dry specimens turn brownish in KOH.
Locations: HENPV. SLMLP.
Synonyms: Peridoxylon petersii. Numulariola petersii. Bolinia petersii.
References: Bin 323. BBF 521key. Kuo.
OVERALL: Henryton,8/2/20 10, R Orr.

CUT (exposing interior): Schooley Mill Park,7/31/2010, J Solem.
322
Green Stain Chlorociboria aeruginascens Green Stain Chlorociboria aeruginascens
Blue Stain Chlorociboria aeruginosa Blue Stain Chlorociboria aeruginosa
--------------------------
++- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Small blue-green cups; often stalkless.

Habitat: Groups/cluster on decaying hardwood (oak). Often stains
substrate (wood) blue-green.
Fruiting Body: 1/8 – 3/16" [3 – 8 mm]
Outer surface: blue-green, finely roughened. Fertile surface: Blue-green
(sometimes tinged yellow), smooth, cup-/saucer-shaped to nearly flat.
Stalk: 1/8 – 1/4" [3 – 6 mm] if present.
Blue-green, often off-center, tapers down.
Note: Species differ only in spore size (determined by microscopic
examination).
Locations: GONRA. HOWCH.
Synonym: Chlorosplenium aruginascens.
References: Bar 54. Bin 327. BBF 491, 499. Lin 361, 598. M&M 523.
Roo 459, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/jul2008.html

CLOSEUP: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 3/16/2011, J Solem.
323
None Chlorencoelia versiformis None Chlorencoelia versiformis
Hemiphacidiaceae
--+ --- ---
ID: Body fertile surface (olive-green), outer surface (dull reddish-

brown, velvety); short stalk.
Habitat: Scattered, groups. On decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 1/4 – 1” [ 6 – 25 mm] diameter
Outer surface dull reddish-brown, velvety (appressed white hairs). Fertile
surface olive-green/olive-brown/orange-brown. Saucer-/goblet-shaped.
Margin toothed/irregular, may be inrolled.
Stalk: 1/8 – 1/4” [3 – 6 mm].
Locations: PIGTL.
Synonym: Chlorosplenium versiforme.
http://www.indianamushrooms.com/chlorencoelia_versiformis.html

324
None Chlorosplenium chlora None Chlorosplenium chlora
Dermateaceae
+-+- --- --- ---
ID: Body fertile surface (yellow, then yellowish-green), outer

surface (yellow).
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 1/32 – 1/8” [1 – 3 mm] diameter
Outer surface bright yellow. Fertile surface yellow (yellowish-green in
age; may have white margin).
Saucer-shaped.
Stalk: None/minimal.
Locations: FARMS, HENPV.
Synonym: Peziza chlora.
http://www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/cup%20and%20saucer/species%20page
s/Chlorosplenium%20chlora.htm
OVERALL: Old Annapolis Road, 6/28/2010, W Earp.
325
Silver Leaf Fungus Chondrostereum purpureum Silver Leaf Fungus Chondrostereum purpureum
Cyphellaceae
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- +-- ---
ID: Ochre-buff crust w/ purplish fertile surface.

Habitat: Deciduous trees (especially Rosaceae: apple, plum; also oak
and poplar stumps and logs).
Fruiting Body: 1/4 – 3/4” [0.5 – 2 cm]; sometimes in masses 4 – 20”
long [10 – 50 cm] Cinnamon-/ochre-buff. Sometimes crimped,
sometimes lobed. Hairy to hairless/wrinkled.
Fertile surface: Light drab purple/dark wine-buff.
Locations: MTPLT.
Notes: This fungus is the cause of “silver leaf “ disease which leads to
the destruction of fruit trees.
Synonym: Stereum purpureum.
References: BBF 438key. Lin 418, 559. Rog.
CLOSEUP: Mt. Pleasant,11/7/2010, R Orr.

OVERALL: Mt. Pleasant, 11/7/2010, R Orr.
SIDE: Mt. Pleasant,11/7/2010, R Orr.
326
Smoky Worm Coral Clavaria rubicundula Smoky Worm Coral Clavaria rubicundula
Clavariaceae
--- --- -++ ---
ID: Dense clusters. Body pinkish-buff/pale grayish-pink, worm-

like/cylindrical.
Habitat: Dense clusters. On ground in hardwood/ mixed forests.
Fruiting Body: Up to 4.8” H x 1/16 – 1/4” W [12 cm x 1.5 – 6 mm]
Pinkish-buff/pale grayish-pink. Cylindrical/worm-like, apex
rounded/somewhat pointed; surface smooth. Flesh whitish, brittle. Hollow
in age.
Spores: White.
Locations: LONGC, PIGTL.
Synonym: Clavaria fumosa.
References: BBF 420, 423. Kuo. Phi 346. Roo 422.
327
White Worm Coral Clavaria fragilis White Worm Coral Clavaria fragilis
Clavariaceae
+-+ --+ +-- ---
ID: Groups. Body white, tips may yellow in age; worm-

like/cylindrical.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On ground in forests/grass.
Fruiting Body: Up to 4.5” H x 1/16 – 3/8” W
[11.5 cm x 1.5 – 6 mm] Pure white (tips may yellow in age). Flesh white,
soft, brittle. Hollow in age.
Spores: White.
Locations: CASCT, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA.
Synonym: C. vermicularis.
References: Bar 111. BBF 418. Lae 240. Lin 400, 739. M&M 340.
McK 71, #6. Pac 336fn. Phi 345. Roo 422fn.
328
Gray Coral Clavulina cinerea Gray Coral Clavulina cinerea
Clavulinaceae
--- --- -++ ++- ---
ID: Body white (ashy gray in age); coral-like, not dotted.

Habitat: Dense clusters. On ground in forests (especially conifer).
Fruiting Body: Up to 4.4” high [11 cm]
White (ashy-gray in age). Not dotted. Erect, coral-like, variable but
usually w/ numerous forked branches from a short stalk, tips
pointed/blunt, smooth/wrinkled/longitudinally grooved.
Spores: White.
Locations: GONRA, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL, TUFTS.
References: Bar 114. BBF 421, 423. Lin 402fn. M&M 345.
Phi 346. Roo 425fn.
YOUNG: Duvall Road, 9/14/2009, J Solem.
329
Crested Coral Clavulina coralloides [group] Crested Coral Clavulina coralloides [group]
Clavulinaceae
++--- +-- --- --- -----
ID: Body white/creamy (yellow/tan in age); coral-like; taste

somewhat peppery.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in fields/ forests.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 4“ x 1.2 – 4”
[2 – 10 cm x 3 – 10 cm] White/gray (tinted yellowish in age); fine
pubescence at base. Sparingly to (more commonly) repeatedly
branched. Branches: 2 – 5 mm thick; smooth; tips flattened and crested
with several sharp points. M&M: flesh not brittle, very firm, will almost
bend on itself w/o breaking. Kuo: fairly brittle.
Spores: White.
Locations: HENPV, LONGC.
OVERALL: Long Corner, 6/27/2009, R Solem. Notes: Clavulina cristata and Clavulina rugosa may represent the
extreme ends of a continuum (an idea perhaps supported by the fact that
their microscopic features are very similar), which might imply that there
is only one species involved. [Kuo; and BBF 421]
Synonyms: C. rusoga? Clavulina cristata?
References: Bar 114 (both C. cristata and C. rugosa are described).
BBF 421. Kuo. Lae 249. Lin 402, 743. M&M 345. Pac 337. Phi 346.
Roo 425.
330
Orange Spindle Coral Clavulinopsis aurantiocinnabarina Orange Spindle Coral Clavulinopsis aurantiocinnabarina
Clavariaceae
---- +-- --- --- ---
ID: Body deep reddish-orange; cylindrical, seldom branched.

Habitat: Loose to compact clusters. On ground in forests.
Fruiting Body: Up to 5” H x 1/16 – 3/8” W
[12 cm x 1.5 – 10 mm] Deep reddish-orange/paler pinkish-orange, base
may be whiter. Smooth (or top wrinkled), cylindrical/somewhat flattened,
tip rounded/pointed (sometimes branched). Flesh yellowish, thin, brittle
to fibrous. Hollow.
Spores: White/pale yellow.
Locations: PIGTL.
Notes: Compare w/ Clavulinopsis laeticolor.
References: Lin 399fn. Roo 427.
331
None Clavulinopsis laeticolor None Clavulinopsis laeticolor
Clavariaceae
+---- --+ --- --+
ID: Body orange-yellow; worm-like/cylindrical.

Habitat: Solitary, groups, clusters. On ground in forests.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 3.5” H x 0.4 – 1.1” W
[2 – 9 cm x 1 – 3 cm]
Asexual stage: 1/4 – 1” H x 1/16 – 1/8” W [5 – 25 mm x 1 – 2 mm]
Orange-yellow to orange. Unbranched, irregularly spindle-shaped; finely
roughened (wrinkled and minutely cracked in age); flesh white, fibrous-
tough. Scattered light hairs on surface, dark appressed hairs near base.
Notes: Compare w/ Clavulinopsis aurantio-cinnabarina.
Synonyms: Clavaria pulchra. Ramariopsis laeticolor.
References: Bar 115. BBF 507. Kuo. Lae 240. Lin 399fn.
332
Northern Tooth Climacodon septentrionalis Northern Tooth Climacodon septentrionalis
Shelving Tooth Shelving Tooth Phanerochaetaceae
+ --- --- --- --+-+
ID: Whitish/creamish fan-shaped caps w/ long spines w/ lacerated

tips. Top roughened in age. Odor like spoiled ham in age.
Habitat: Dense, overlapping clusters. Wounds of living hardwoods
(maple).
Cap: 4 – 10” W x 5.5” – 15” H x 1 – 2” thick
[10 – 25.5 cm x 14 – 38 cm x 2.5 – 5 cm]
Whitish/creamy yellowish (yellow-brown in age). Fan-shaped caps in
overlapping clusters w/ common base. Hairy/roughened. In age, odor like
spoiled ham, taste bitter.
Fertile Surface: Whitish; covered w/ crowded, flexible, spines 1/4 – 3/4”
(6 – 20 mm) w/ lacerated tips. Flesh whitish, zoned fibrous-tough,
flexible.
Spores: White.
Locations: GUIPK, WESRP.
Synonyms: Steccherinium septentrionale. Hydnum septentrionale.
McK 99, 9. Roo 393.
OVERALL: Guilford Park, 10/7/2010, J Solem.

OVERALL: Guilford Park, 10/7/2010, R Solem.
FERTILE SURFACE: Guilford Park, 10/7/2010, R Solem.
CLOSEUP FERTILE SURFACE: Guilford Park, 10/7/2010, R Solem.
333
White-egg Birds Nest Crucibulum laeve White-egg Birds Nest Crucibulum laeve
Agaricaceae
+ +-- --- --- --- ---
ID: Body exterior surface (yellow-orange, finely velvety), interior

surface (whitish, smooth); cup filled w/ tiny “eggs.”
Habitat: Scattered to gregarious. On wood chips, twigs, leather,
cardboard.
Fruiting Body: 1/4” – 3/8” H x 1/4” – 3/8” W
[6 – 10 mm x 6 – 10 mm] Interior whitish, smooth; exterior yellowish-
orange (paler in age), hairy/finely velvety; white, membrane-like lid when
immature (coated w/ yellowish-orange fibers).
Peridioles: 1/16 – 3/32” [1.5 – 2 mm]
White/pallid, each attached beneath by tiny coiled cord.
Locations: MCHPV, PIGTL.
Synonyms: C. vulgare. C. levis. C. crucibuliforme.
366, 48. Pac 385. Phi 341. Roo 460.

334
None Crustodontia chryoscreas None Crustodontia chryoscreas
Corticiaceae
+-- -+- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Caramel brown, membranous, tightly attached to bark. Flesh

lemony-yellow. Use KOH.
Fruiting Body: Up to 1/*32” thick[1 mm]
Caramel brown, membranous. Tight. May have scattered short
warts/spines. Margin white/yellow, abrupt/somewhat thinning. Flesh
lemony- yellow, thin; stains red/purple w/ KOH.
Spores: White.
Habitat: Bark of living trees; hardwood debris (oak). Causes white heart-
rot.
OVERALL: Daniels, 2/18/2011, R Orr.
Locations: DANPV. HENPV.
Synonyms: Amethicium chrysocreus. Corticium chrysocreas. Phlebia
chrysocrea.
Notes: Spores examined by R. Orr.
References: Bin 261.
335
Splash-cup Birds Nest Cyathus stercoreus
Splash-cup Birds Nest Cyathus stercoreus Agaricaceae
--- +-- -+- -+-
ID: Body exterior surface (reddish-/grayish-brown, shaggy hair,

smoother in age), interior surface (lead gray, shiny and smooth,
not lined); cup filled w/ tiny “eggs.”
Habitat: Scattered, dense groups. On wood chips, manured soil,
herbivore dung.
[1.5 cm x 4 – 8 mm] Interior lead-gray/blue-black, shiny, smooth, not
vertically lined; exterior reddish-/chocolate-/grayish-brown, shaggy-hairy
when young (smooth in age).
Peridioles: 1/16 – 1/8” [1 – 2 mm]
Dark-gray/black, each attached beneath by tiny coiled cord.
Locations: BIGBR, HAMVL, ORRBB.
OVERALL: Beaverbrook, 8/13/209, R Orr. References: Bar 97. BBF 465. Lae 274fn. McK 367, 48. Pac 383fn.
Phi 341. Roo 460fn.
336
Streaked Birds Nest Cyathus striatus Streaked Birds Nest Cyathus striatus
Agaricaceae
-++ -++ -+- --+ +-++
ID: Body exterior surface (reddish-/grayish-brown, shaggy hair,

smoother in age), interior surface (lead gray, shiny and smooth,
not lined); cup filled w/ tiny “eggs.”
Habitat: Scattered, dense groups. On wood chips, manured soil,
herbivore dung.
[1.5 cm x 4 – 8 mm] Interior lead-gray/blue-black, shiny, smooth, not
vertically lined; exterior reddish-/chocolate-/grayish-brown, shaggy-hairy
when young (smooth in age).
Peridioles: 1/16 – 1/8” [1 – 2 mm]
Dark-gray/black, each attached beneath by tiny coiled cord.
Locations: BIGBR, HAMVL, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, WINTR.
References: Bar 97. BBF 465. Lae 274fn. McK 367, 48. Pac 383fn.
Roo 460fn.
OVERALL (young): Big Branch, 8/21/2009, R Solem.

VARIOUS STAGES: Long Corner, 8/7/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL (maturing): Big Branch, 9/7/2009, J Solem.
337
Orange Jelly Dacrymyces chrysospermus Orange Jelly Dacrymyces chrysospermus
Dacrymycetaceae
--- ++- -+- --- +-+ -++ +-+ --- +-+ +++ +++ ---
ID: On conifers. Body yellowish-orange; multi-lobed spreading

mass; rubbery.
Habitat: Dense clusters. On decaying conifer (pine) branches/ logs.
Fruiting Body: 0.4 – 1” up to 1” high [1 – 2.5 x 2.5 cm]
Orange/yellowish-/reddish-orange, whitish at base. Multi-lobed spreading
mass, rubbery (soft-rubbery in age).
Locations: GONRA, HIRIP, MPENA, NOLAP, RKBRP, ROGOR,
SLMLP, WINTR.
Synonym: Dacrymyces chrysospermus.
Notes: Tremella mesenterica (Witches’ Butter) grows on hardwoods.
References: Bar 102. BBF 432, 14. Lin 381, 567. M&M 498. Pac
323fn. Phi 358. Roo 454fn. Rus 108, 55.

SMALL CLUSTER: High Ridge Park, 5/27/2009, R Solem.
CLUSTER: High Ridge Park, 11/20/2009, R Solem.
338
Fan-shaped Jelly Fungus Dacryopinax spathularia Fan-shaped Jelly Fungus Dacryopinax spathularia
Dacrymycetaceae
+---- -+ --- --+
ID: Body yellow-orange; spatula-/fan-shaped; rubbery.

Habitat: Dense groups. On debarked hardwood.
Fruiting Body: 3/8 – 1” H x 3/16 – 3/8” W
[1 – 2.5 cm x 5 – 10 mm] Spatula-/shoehorn-shaped, wavy margin w/
deep lobes, rubbery.
Spores: Yellowish.
Locations: DANPV, HIRIP, LONGC, SVMLT, WINTR.
References: Bar 103. BBF 431, 435.
OVERALL: Henryton,10/25/2009, R Orr.

BODIES: Henryton, 8/25/2009, R Orr.
339
Carbon Balls Daldinia concentrica Carbon Balls Daldinia concentrica
Xylariaceae
+ + --- --- +++ --- --- ++--
ID: Body reddish-brown (black in age); spherical/cushion-shaped,

hard. When cut, growth rings visible.
Habitat: Solitary, clusters. On decaying hardwood.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 2” [2 – 5 cm] diameter
Reddish-brown (black in age); somewhat shiny, cushion-
shaped/spherical/irregular; flesh concentrically zoned when cut vertically,
dark purplish-brown alternates w/ darker or sometimes whitish zones,
perithecia embedded in single layer near surface.
Spores: Dark brown.
Locations: HENPV, HOUOS, MPENA, MCHPV, SLMLP, WINTR.
References: Bar 79. BBF 524, 23. Lae 257. Lin 374, 668. Pac 393.
Roo 493.
OVERALL: MPENA, 2/27/2011 R Orr .

SPLIT (showing growth rings): Woodbine Morgan Road,
11/9/2009, R Solem.
YOUNG: MPENA, 8/2/2009, R Solem.
340
Black Witches’ Butter Exidia glandulosa Black Witches’ Butter Exidia glandulosa
Auriculariaceae
+--- --- --- --- --- --- -+-
ID: Reddish to black; warty (use 20X lens).

Habitat: Hardwoods.
Fruiting Body: 3/8 – 3/4” [1 – 2 cm] fusing into long row
Reddish-/olive-black to black, warty (use 20X lens). Flesh gelatinous,
thin.
Locations: DORWD, WINTR.
References: Bar 106. BBF 429key. Bin 335. Lin 382, 563. McK 66, 5.
Pac 324. Roo 453.
OVERALL (both photos): Dorsey Woods, 4/23/2010, R Orr.
341
Granular Jelly Roll Exidia nucleata Granular Jelly Roll Exidia nucleata
Auriculariaceae
+--- --+ --- --- -++ ---
ID: Body fuses into masses; whitish/yellowish/brownish, dries to

thin membrane; contains seed-like hard whitish granules; rubbery.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On decaying hardwood.
Fruiting Body: Up to 0.6” high x 0.2 – 0.8”
[15 x 6 – 20 mm] Transparent/whitish at first; then pale-/brownish-
yellow. Smooth/slightly rough (dries to reddish-brown thin membrane in
age). Irregular; fuses into masses up to 4” [10 cm] long, containing seed-
like hard whitish granules up to 1/32” [0.5 mm] diameter.
Locations: BIGBR, ROGOR, WESRP.
References: BBF 431, 435. Lin 383fn. Pac 324.

342
Amber Jelly Roll Exidia recisa Amber Jelly Roll Exidia recisa
Auriculariaceae
+--++ ++- -+- -+- --- --- --++
ID: Body fuses into masses; yellow-/purple-brown, surface w/ tiny

blackish wart-like projections; rubbery.
Habitat: Groups, overlapping clusters. On decaying hardwood branches.
Fruiting Body: Up to 0.8” H x 0.6 – 1.4” W [2 x 1.5 cm – 3.5 cm]
Yellow-/purple-/cinnamon-brown, irregular rubbery, brain-like/lobed
masses; surface covered w/ tiny, blackish, wart-like projections, may
have small stalk-like base. Irregular, fuses into masses up to 4” [10 cm]
long.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, CENPK, DORWD, GONRA, HIRIP,
ORRBB, SLMLP.
References: BBF 432, 435. Lin 383fn. Roo 452 fn.
http://www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/jelly fungi/species
pages/Exidia recisa.htm

OVERALL: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 5/6/2009, S Muller.
343
Hairy Rubber Cap Galiella rufa Hairy Rubber Cap Galiella rufa
Auriculariaceae
++++- --- ---
ID: Body. Exterior surface: blackish-brown cup w/ matted woolly

hairs. Fertile surface: dull orange/tan, smooth; depressed.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On decaying hardwood debris.
Fruiting Body: : 0.5 – 1.1” x 0.4 – 1.4”
[1.2 – 3 cm x 1 – 3.5 cm] Fertile surface pale/dull orange/ reddish-
orange/brown/tan; smooth. Outer surface tough, brown near margin,
blackish-brown, covered w/ dense matted, woolly hairs, margin finely
toothed. Cup-shaped (closed at first). Flesh rubbery. Odor pleasant.
Spores: White.
Locations: HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL, SLMLP, TUFTS,
WESRP, WINTR.
Synonym: Bulgaria rufa.
References: Bar 57. BBF 492, 499. Bin 341. Lin 339, 614. M&M 525.
McK 35, 1. Phi 376. Roo 463.

CUP INTERIOR (fertile surface): Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, J Solem.
344
White Jelly Fungus Gloeotromera alba White Jelly Fungus Gloeotromera alba
Auriculariales
++++ -+- -+- ++- ---
ID: Body fuses into masses; whitish/ivory (purplish/ brownish in

age); rubbery.
Habitat: Dense, overlapping clusters. On debarked hardwood.
White/ivory/tinged w/ pink-violet (stains purple/yellow/ brownish in age).
Irregular, fuses into brain-like masses often covering length of log.
Locations: DANPV, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC, MPENA, SUKBR, SVMLT.
Synonym: Exidea alba.
References: Bar 106. BBF 429. Lin 383fn.

SMALL CLUSTERS: Savage Mill Trail, 6/15/2009, J Solem.
SMALL CLUSTERS: Savage Mill Trail, 6/15/2009, R Solem.
345
Cedar-Apple Rust Gymnosporangium Cedar-Apple Rust Gymnosporangium juniperi-
juniperi-virginianae virginianae
Pucciniaceae
--- --- -+- ------ --- --- --- ---
ID: Galls in cedar trees producing jelly-like horns.

Habitat: Cedar and apple trees (alternate hosts)
Fruiting Body:1 – 2 " gall [2.5 – 5 cm]
Small, greenish-brown swelling on upper surface of cedar needle in fall.
Overwinters as reddish dark-brown gall w/ small, circular depressions. In
spring produces orange (immature) to orange-brown (mature) jelly-like
horns (3/8 – 3/4" [1 – 2 cm] from depressions.
Locations: CENPK.
CLOSEUP (immature): Centennial Park, 3/20/2011, R Orr. Notes: Galls die but remain on host for more thanr a year. Horns
germinate to form spores that infect apple leaves. Major agricultural pest
for both cedars and apples.
References: BBF 469, 19. McK 69, 5.
346
Yellow Cushion Hypocrea Hypocrea gelatinosa Yellow Cushion Hypocrea Hypocrea gelatinosa.
Hypocreaceae
+---- --- ---
ID: White (very young), then pale yellow w/ green dots. Green in
age. Soft and gelatinous.
Habitat: Dense clusters. Decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 1-32 – 1/8” [1 – 3 mm]
Pale yellow (white in youth, green dots. Green/dark green in age,
perithecia). Cushion-shaped/nearly round. Flesh soft, gelatinous.
Locations: WINTR.
References: Bar 84. BBF 524, 23. Lin 371, 663.
VERY YOUNG: Wincopin, 7/18/2010, R Solem.
347
Bolete Mold Hypomyces chlorinigenus Bolete Mold Hypomyces chlorinigenus
Hypomyces chrysospermus Hypomyces chrysospermus
Hypocreaceae
+-+ --+ -++ --- -++
ID: Boletaceae parasite. Three stages: 1) white and moldy, 2)

yellow/yellow-brown and powdery, 3) amber/reddish-brown
perithecia.
Habitat: Infects most boletes (members of Boletaceae); reported on
Paxillus involutus.
Fruiting Body:
Asexual stage: 1) Verticillium, white and moldy; 2) Sepedonium, partially/
completely covers host, then yellow/yellow-brown and powdery.
Sexual stage: 3) Mypomyces, amber/reddish-brown perithecia w/
roughened/sandpaper-like surface.
Locations: HAMVL, MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, SAVPK, SLMLP, TUFTS,
WESRP.
Notes: Separation of species requires microscopic examination.
SIDE: Duvall Road, 6/12/2009, R Solem. References: Bar 83. BRB 356. Lin 371, 400. Roo 494.
348
Amanita Mold Hypomyces hyalinus Amanita Mold Hypomyces hyalinus
Hypocreaceae
+-+ --- --+ --- -+-
ID: Amanita parasite, distorts all parts. Body chalky-white, rough.

Habitat: Infects various Amanita species, distorting all parts.
Fruiting Body: 4 – 12” x up to 2.8” thick
[10 – 30 cm x 7 cm] Chalky white/yellowish/pinkish/pale orange, rough
like sandpaper, columnar/club-shaped.
Locations: ANNRK, HIRIP, NOLAP, TUFTS.
References: BBF 531. Kuo. Lae 147fn. Lin 372, 699. Phi 379.
Roo 495. Rog.

ADVANCED: Annapolis Rock, 10/14/2008, J Solem.
ADVANCED: Annapolis Rock, 10/14/2008, J Solem.
349
Lobster Fungus Hypomyces lactifluorum Lobster Fungus Hypomyces lactifluorum
Hypocreaceae
++-+- --- --- ---
ID: Lactaria and Russula parasite. Surface orange/ reddish-

orange, rough.
Habitat: Infects various members of Russulaceae (Lactaria, Russula),
growing over surface and eventually distorting all parts. Parasitized caps
are dense and often buried in conifer debris.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 7.9” [5 – 20 cm]
Orange/reddish-orange; rough (like sandpaper). White and firm within.
Locations: CASCT, DFWMA, LONGC.
References: Bar 83. BBF 531. Lae 43fn. Lin 373, 294, 429. M&M 528.
McK 29, 1. Phi 379. Roo 496. Rog.
OVERALL: David Force WMA, 7/12/2008, J Solem.
350
Beech Hypoxylon Hypoxylon fragiforme Beech Hypoxylon Hypoxylon fragiforme
Red Cushion Hypoxylon Red Cushion Hypoxylon Xylariaceae
--- --- --- +-- +--
ID: Salmon-pink, then brick-red/brown, blackening in age; surface

bumpy.
Habitat: Infects bark of various hardwoods; species are specific to each
hardwood. (Photos from specimens growing on beech.)
Fruiting Body: Individuals 1/16 – 5/8” x 1/16 – 3/8”
[1.5 – 15 mm x 1.5 – 10 mm] Grayish-white, then salmon-pink,
becoming brick-red/brown (blackens in age). Flesh black, hard. Surface
minutely bumpy. Perithecia just below surface.
Locations: CASCT, MTPLT.
References: Bar 78. BBF 522key. Lin 374,667.
OVERALL: Mt Pleasant, 11/8/2010, R Orr.

OLD (black group w/small young): Mt Pleasant, 11/8/2010, J Solem.
351
Cushion Hypoxylon Hypoxylon sp Cushion Hypoxylon Hypoxylon sp
Xylariaceae
++ + ++++- ++- +-+ --- --- --- --+
ID: Body color varies, blackening in age; surface bumpy.

Habitat: Infects bark of various hardwoods; species are specific to each
hardwood.
Fruiting Body: 1/16–5/8” x 1/16–3/8” [1.5–15 mm x 1.5–10 mm]
Color varies w/ species, all blacken in age. Flesh black, hard. Surface
minutely bumpy. Perithecia just below surface.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, DANPV, FULSA, GONRA, MPENA,
MCHPV, PIGTL, SLMLP.
Notes: References are all to specific species.
References: Bar 78. BBF 522-523 (key), 525, 527. Lin 374,667.
Lae 257. Pac 394.

352
Yellow Jelly Baby Leotia lubrica Yellow Jelly Baby Leotia lubrica
Ochre Jelly Club Ochre Jelly Club Leotiaceae
+-+ --+ +-- ---
ID: Body yellow-/orange w/ olive tints; flesh soft/gelatinous. Stalk

orange, flesh waxy.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On ground in moss, duff, or decaying wood in
hardwood or white pine forests.
Fruiting Body: 0.2 – 1.1” [6 – 30 mm]
Pale dull yellow/orange-yellow, sometimes w/ olive tints, flesh soft,
almost gelatinous.
Fertile Surface: Irregularly rounded/flattened, smooth/ furrowed/brain-
like, moist, rubbery, margin bent back.
Stalk: [2 – 6 cm x 5 – 10 mm]
Orange, scurfy or smooth, hollow, cylindrical/tapers up, sometimes
flattened, often fused at base, flesh waxy.
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR.
References: Lae 243. Lin 364, 726. M&M 519. BBF 510, 514. McK
33, 1. Pac 273. Phi 371. Roo 412fn. Rus 110, 57.
OVERALL: Browns Bridge, 7/4/2009, J Solem]

SIDE: Browns Bridge, 7/30/2009, J Solem.
GROUP: Big Branch, 7/2/2009, J Solem.
353
Smooth Puffball Lycoperdon molle Smooth Puffball Lycoperdon molle
Agaricaceae
---- --+ +-- ---
ID: Body brown (w/ small spines/granules), pear-shaped w/ large

irregular pore in age. Spores dark brown/black at maturity.
Habitat: Scattered. On ground in hardwood or white pine forests.
Fruiting Body: 0.4 – 1.6” x 0.4 – 2.4” [1 – 4 cm x 1 – 6 cm] Brown w/
small spines/granules on surface (smooth in age), spore case opens by
wide, irregular pore. Pear-shaped w/ stalk-like sterile base (w/ well-
developed chambers as wide as body, or only a narrow stalk).
Spores: White and solid, then dark brown/black and powdery.
Locations: GUIPK, LONGC, PIGTL.
References: McK 355, 46. M&M 455. Phi 332. Roo 445fn.

CUT: Pigtail, 10/8/2010. J Solem
354
Common Puffball Lycoperdon perlatum Common Puffball Lycoperdon perlatum
Gem-studded Puffball Gem-studded Puffball Agaricaceae
+ +--+- +++ -+- +++ ++-
ID: Body white/grayish (short white spines break off), olive-brown

(& smoother) in age; pear-/turban-shaped w/ top pore. Spores
white and solid (olive-brown and powdery at maturity).
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, dense clusters. On ground (not on wood) in
variety of habitats (mown grass, mulch, compost piles; on ground in
hardwood, conifer, or mixed forests).
Fruiting Body: 1 – 2.4” [2.5 – 6 cm]
White/grayish (yellow-brown in age); short, conic white spines break off
leaving nearly smooth olive-brown inner surface and one (or more)
central pores (often ragged). Pear-/turban-shaped or spherical; stalk-like
sterile base forming persistent stalk w/ spongy flesh.
Spores: White and solid, then olive-brown/gray-brown and powdery.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: ANNRK, BIGBR, CASCT, HENPV, HIRIP, HOWCH, JACPD,
MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, SAVPK, SLMLP.
Synonym: L gemmatum.
References: Bar 89. BBF 454, 16. Lae 261. Lin 825, 652, 676. M&M
453. McK 355, 46. Pac 370. Phi 332. Roo 445.
OVERALL (young): Schooley Mill Park, 10/12/2010, J Solem

OVERALL (mature): High Ridge Park, 2/16/2006, N Magnusson.
IMMATURE SPORES: Big Branch, 9/17/2008, J Solem.
MATURING SPORES and CAPS: High Ridge Park, 9/12/2008, J Solem.
MATURE CAP (in snow) w/ SPORES: Annapolis Rock, 1/20/2011, J Culler.
355
Pear-shaped Puffball Lycoperdon pyriforme Pear-shaped Puffball Lycoperdon pyriforme
Agaricaceae
++++ +---- -++ +-- +++ +++
ID: Body white (small spines/granules break off), yellow-/reddish-

brown (and smoother) in age; pear-shaped/ spherical w/ irregular
pore at top. Spores white and solid
(greenish-yellow to dark olive-brown and powdery at maturity).
Habitat: Scattered, dense, sheet-like clusters. On sawdust or decaying
wood (usually hardwood).
Fruiting Body: 0.6 – 1.8” x 0.8 – 2”
[1.5 – 4.5 cm x 2 – 5 cm] White, yellow-/reddish-brown w/ small
warts/spines/granules on surface. Pear-shaped/spherical w/
irregular/rounded pore at apex. Stalk-like sterile base (often compressed
w/ small chambers).
Spores: White and solid, then greenish-yellow, finally dark olive-brown
and powdery.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, DANPV, GONRA, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC,
MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP.
Notes: Spore cases persist. Skin becomes papery.
McK 356, 46. Pac 373. Phi 333. Roo 445fn, 446fn. Rus 112, 59.
OVERALL (young): Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 9/10/11/2009, R Solem.

OVERALL (maturing): MPENA, 10/14/2009, R Orr.
OVERALL (mature): Schooley Mill Park, 10/21/2009, J Solem.
356
None Lycoperdon radicatum None Lycoperdon radicatum
Agaricaceae
- --+ --- --- ---
ID: Body white w/ pyramidal warts, light tan/grayish in age w/ large

pore/tear. Spores white/yellowish, brown at maturity.
Habitat: Groups (several to many). On ground in grassy areas in
pastures/open woods.
Fruiting Body: 1.6 – 2.4” x 2 – 4” [4 – 6 cm x 5 – 10 cm] White when
young w/ scurfy surface/pyramidal warts, becomes light tan/yellowish,
then grayish tint in age; large pore (or tear) at maturity, gleba white when
young, yellowish, then brown at maturity. Spherical/ovoid w/ tapering
rhizomorph extending into ground.
Spores: Dark brown.
Locations: MTPLT.
Synonym: Bovistella radicata.
Notes: Fruiting body in Photo 1, <2 cm; Photos 2–3, 4 cm (one day
later); Photo 4, smallest 1 cm, largest 4 cm. Photo 5, spores through
1000x microscope and enlarged (R Orr).
References: M&M 449key.
OVERALL (young): Mt Pleasant, 8/27-28/2009, R Orr.

OVERALL (young): Mt Pleasant, 8/27-28/2009, J Solem.
MATURING SPORES: Mt Pleasant, 8/27-28/2009, J Solem.
YOUNG AND MATURE: Mt Pleasant, 8/27-28/2009, R Solem.
SPORES: Mt Pleasant, 8/28/2009, R Orr.
357
Orange Earth Tongue Microglossum rufum Orange Earth Tongue Microglossum rufum
Geoglossaceae
--- --- --+
ID: Match-stick shape; head yellow-orange and scurfy; stalk

lighter and scaly- granular.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, clusters. On ground in moss or decaying
wood.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 2.8” [2 – 7 cm] consisting of head and
stalk.
Head: 3/8 – 1.4” H x 1/8 – 5/8” W [1 – 3.5 cm x 3-16 mm] Yellow-
orange to orange; spoon-/tongue-shaped, cylindric, sometimes
compressed at center or longitudinally furrowed; covered w/ short, white
hairs or scurfy, dull.
Stalk: 0.6 – 1.8” H x 1/16 – 3/16” W
[1.5 – 4.5 cm x 1.5 – 5 mm] Yellow/orange-yellow, scaly-granular,
nearly equal, may have channel on side.
Locations: BIGBR.
References: Bar 68 BBF 510, 514. Lin 358, 685. Pac 343fn. Phi 375.
GROUP (young): Big Branch, 9/28/2009, R Solem. Roo 413.
358
Swamp Beacon Mitrula elegans Swamp Beacon Mitrula elegans
Helotiales
+-- --- --- --- ---
ID: Yellow/orange “match-stick” head on pale stalk in shallow

water in woods/bogs.
Habitat: Scattered, groups, in shallow water on decaying
leaves/needles/twigs/debris in woodlands/ bogs.
Fruiting body: 1 – 2” [2 – 5 cm], head and stalk
Head: 1/8 – 1/2”W x 1/4 – 3/4“H [3 – 12 mm x 6 – 20 mm] Translucent
yellow/orange (dull orange in age), somewhat gelatinous, smooth/slightly
wrinkled, shiny, spindle-/pear-shaped or elliptic/lobed.
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.5” x 1/16 – 1/8” [2 – 4 cm x 1.5 – 3 mm] Whitish/pale
translucent gray (sometimes pink), smooth/shiny, may taper up.
Locations: CASTL.
References: Bar 68. BBF 511, 514. Roo 413fn.
OVERALL: Castleford Drive, 4/8/2010, J Solem.

SIDE: Castleford Drive, 4/8/2010, R Solem.
TOP: Castleford Drive, 4/8/2010, J Solem.
TOP: Castleford Drive, 4/8/2010, R Solem.
359
Common Morel Morchella esculenta [complex] Common Morel Morchella esculenta [complex]
Yellow Morel Yellow Morel Morchellaceae
--+ ++-
ID: Body color variable; cylindrical w/ pits and ridges. Stalk

whitish; granular, sometimes ribbed.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in variety of habitats,
usually under trees.
Fruiting Body: : 0.8 – 7” H x 0.8 – 2.8” W
[2 – 17.5 cm x 2 – 7 cm] Whitish/grayish/yellow/yellow-brown;
ovoid/conic/somewhat cylindric, sponge-like. Pits round/
elongated/irregular.
Stalk: 1 – 4.5” x 0.8 – 2.8” [2.5 – 11.5 cm x 2 – 7 cm]
Whitish, equal or enlarged downward (sometimes massively), granular,
often ribbed, hollow.
Spores: Cream/light yellow.
Locations: FULSA, HENPV, NOFPK.
Notes: Morels have many additional common names.
McK 39, 2. Pac 286. Phi 361. Roo 485. Rus 39-42, 11.
OVERALL: North Farm Park, 5/4/2010, J Solem.

SIDE: North Farm Park, 4/29/2010, R Solem.
SIDE: Fulton South Area Park, 4/30/2010, H Metzman.
360
White Green-algae Coral Multiclavula mucida White Green-algae Coral Multiclavula mucida
Clavulinaceae
+ + +---- --- --- --- --- +-+ +++
ID: Body white/creamy, spindle-shaped w/ darker head.

Habitat: Scattered, groups. On algae-covered, wet, decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 1/8 – 5/8” x 1/32 – 1/16”
[3 – 15 mm x 1 – 1.5 mm] White/creamy-white/pale yellow; erect,
spindle-shaped to cylindric or tine-like (rarely forked); tough, waxy, stalk
poorly defined.
Locations: BIGBR, GONRA, HENPV, RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP.
Synonym: Clavaria mucida.
References: Bar 120. BBF 511, 515. Lin 406, 690. McK 71.

361
Stinkhorn Mutinus elegans, Mutinus Stinkhorn Mutinus elegans , Mutinus
caninus, Mutinus ravenelii caninus, Mutinus ravenelii
Phallaceae
+-+ --- +--
ID: Body reddish-pink; spike-like w/ slimy dark fruiting surface.

Foul odor.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground, mulch, wood chips, or decaying
wood.
Fruiting Body and Fertile Surface:
1.6 – 7” x 0.2 – 0.6” [ 4 – 17 cm x 0.5 – 1.5 cm]
Foul odor. See Notes.
Locations: ELKGP, PIGTL, UMDCF.
Notes: Kuo treats M. caninus, elegans, ravenelii as a complex.

“Spikelike, more or less equal, with a slightly swollen apex (Mutinus
caninus and Mutinus ravenelii) or more gracefully tapered toward the
apex (Mutinus elegans); stocky in Mutinus ravenelii; often slightly curved
in Mutinus elegans; sometimes whitish below, but pinkish rose (Mutinus
ravenelii) to orangish or orangish red (Mutinus elegans and Mutinus
caninus) above uniformly colored; rarely completely white, even at the
apex (Mutinus caninus var. albus); often with clinging whitish volval
remnants; minutely pocked and pitted (Mutinus elegans), or with fairly
large pits (Mutinus ravenelii); with an olive brown to brown slime towards
the apex (covering 2-3 cm in Mutinus caninus, more in Mutinus elegans)
but usually not covering the extreme tip; the slime quickly becoming foul
and odorous, and often quickly removed by insects; hollow; spongy; with
OVERALL: Elkhorn Garden Plot, 8/1/2008, J Solem. a whitish, sacklike volva at the base.”
OVERALL: UMDCF, 10/5/2009, J Solem.
[Kuo, M. (2006, September). Mutinus elegans, Mutinus caninus, and Mutinus
OVERALL: Pigtail, 8/31/2010, R Orr
ravenelii. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site:
http://www.mushroomexpert.com/mutinus_elegans.html]
M&M says M. elegans is more common, M. caninus is likely
introduced.
See also Ravenell’s Stinkhorn (Phallus revenelii) .
References: Bar 100. BBF 462, 464. Kuo. Lae 236. Lin 835, 692.
M&M 478. McK 347, 43. Pac 357. Phi 341. Roo 414. .
362
Irregular Earthtongue Neolecta irregularis Irregular Earthtongue Neolecta irregularis
Neolectaceae
--- --- --- --+ +-+-+
ID: Body bright yellow/yellow-orange; club-/spoon-shaped, often

flattened.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground in moss or duff in pine
forests.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 3.1” [2 – 8 cm] w/ head and stalk-like base; head
0.2 – 1.1” [6 – 30 mm].
Head bright yellow/orange-yellow; broadly club-/spoon-shaped,
lobed/branched; smooth/Iongitudinally furrowed/folded, often irregularly
contorted/flattened. Stalk-like base whitish/pale yellow, may be
absent/rudimentary, tapered downward.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, PIGTL.
Synonym: Sprangueola irregularis.
References: Bar 71. BBF 512, 515. Lin 359, 686. M&M 520. Roo
415fn.

OVERALL: Browns Bridge, 12/15/2008, R Solem.
OVERALL (old): Browns Bridge, 11/9/2008, J Solem.
363
None Pachyella clypeata None Pachyella clypeata
Pezizaceae
--- --- --- --- --- ---+
ID: Body medium-/dark-brown, cushion-shaped (young), cup-

shaped (mature); rubbery.
Habitat: Solitary, small groups. On water-soaked hardwood logs.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 1.6” (max 3.2”) [2 – 4 (8) cm]
Medium-/dark-brown. Cushion-shaped (young); cup-shaped (mature).
Flesh rubbery.
Locations: SLMLP.
References: Bar 64. BBF 488key. Kuo. Lin 348fn. Phi 376. .

TOP (younger specimen): Schooley Mill Park, 11/03/10, J Solem.
BOTTOM: Schooley Mill Park, 11/03/10, J Solem.
364
None Peziza atrovinosa None Peziza atrovinosa
Pezizaceae
-+- ------ ---
ID: Body exterior surface: reddish-brown cup, scurfy; fertile

surface: olive-brown, smooth; rubbery.
Habitat: Groups, dense clusters. In moss or on ground in forests.
Deeply cup-shaped. Margin ragged/wavy. Fertile surface brown ((almost
black in age w/ olive tinge from spores), smooth. Outer surface
cinnamon-brown/smoky, scurfy. Flesh rubbery.
Locations: BRNBR.
References: Phi 367.
OVERALL (side): Browns Bridge, 6/13/2009, R Solem.

OVERALL: Browns Bridge, 6/13/2009, R Solem.
OVERALL: Browns Bridge, 6/13/2009, J Solem.
365
Fairy Pins Phaeocalicium polyporaeum Fairy Pins Phaeocalicium polyporaeum
Mycocaliciaceae
+--- --- --- --- ---
ID: Parasitic on polypores. Scattered tiny black stalks.

Habitat: Scattered, groups or rows on polypores.
Head: 1/64 – 1/32” [0.2 – 0.6 mm] wide and high
Black, rounded to bluntly ovoid/cup-like.
Stalk: ca. 1/16” x <1/64” [1 – 2 mm x 0.3 mm]
Black, nearly equal/tapers up.
Locations: BIGBR.
OVERALL: Big Branch, 5/29/2009, W Earp.

ENLARGMENT: Big Branch, 5/29/2009, W Earp.
366
Ravenel’s Stinkhorn Phallus ravenelii Ravenel’s Stinkhorn Phallus ravenelii
Eastern Stinkhorn Eastern Stinkhorn Phallaceae
--- ----++ ++
ID: Body whitish-/pinkish-lilac; cylindric w/ slimy greenish-brown

fruiting surface. Foul smelling. Body egg-like before emergence.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, clusters. On/near decaying logs/ stumps, on
wood chips/debris.
Body: 1 – 1.5” x 0.8 – 1.6” [2.5 – 4.5 cm x 2 – 3 cm]
Whitish/pinkish lilac w/ pinkish-lilac (often branched) rhizomorps. When
young, egg-like (resembling small puffball), ovoid/pear-shaped, internally
gelatinous giving rise to a distinct head and stalk.
Fertile surface: 1.1 – 1.8” x 0.6 – 1.5” [3 – 4.5 cm x
1.5 – 3 cm] Narrowly bell-shaped; granular/wrinkled surface w/o
distinct pits, covered by spore mass; white-rimmed opening at apex.
Spore Mass: Slimy, foulsmelling: Greenish-brown/olive-brown. .
Locations: BIGBR, RIVHL, TUFTS.
References: Bar 99. Lae 247fn. Lin 835, 706. M&M 479. BBF 463, 17.
McK 348, 43. Pac 358fn. Roo 411fn.
SIDE: Big Branch, 11/3/2009, R Orr.

YOUNG (“EGGS”) and MATURE: River Hill, 11/14/2008, S Earp.
367
Stinky Squid Pseudocolus fusiformis Stinky Squid Pseudocolus fusiformis
Phallaceae
+--- --- --- ---
ID: Body 3 – 5 yellowish-/pinkish-orange scaly tapering arms.

Spore mass slimy, odorous.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in parks, gardens, or at borders
of open woods.
Fruiting Body [Arms]: 1 – 2.8” high [2.5 – 7 cm]
Yellowish-/pinkish-orange fruit body of 3 – 5 tapering arms rising from
common base. Arms roughened, fused or free at tips.
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.8” [2 – 4.5 cm]
Roughened above, wrinkled and tough. Volva grayish-brown/
grayish/whitish; wrinkled and tough.
Spore Mass: Olive-green/dark green; on inner surface
of arms; slimy, odorous.
Locations: GONRA.
References: Kuo. Lae 277fn. Lin 833, 695. M&M 452. McK 345, 43.
OVERALL: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 5/30/2009, R Solem.

368
Mayapple Rust Puccinia podophylli Mayapple Rust Puccinia podophylli
Pucciniaceae
+--- ---
ID: Rust on leaves of Mayapple.

Habitat: Forms a rust on leaves of Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum).
Fruiting Body: Up to 1.5” across? [3.8 cm]
Orange, powdery “rust” primarily on bottom of leaf, but also showing on
top of leaf.
Locations: SLMLP.
References:
http://www.herbarium.iastate.edu/fungi/fungispecies.php?sp=Puccinia+p
odophylli+Schwein.
LEAF TOP: Schooley Mill Park,4/25/2010, J Solem.

LEAF BOTTOM: Schooley Mill Park, 4/25/2010, J Solem.
369
Golden Coral Ramaria aurea [complex] Golden Coral Ramaria aurea [complex]
Gomphaceae
---- --+ -+- -+- ---
ID: Body orange-yellow; cauliflower-like, repeatedly branching

from white bulbous base. Odor musty.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On ground in conifer or (occasionally)
hardwood forests.
Fruiting Body: 3.1 – 3.9” x 3.9 – 7.9” [8 – 12 cm x 10 – 20 cm]
Orange-yellow. Cauliflower-like w/ repeatedly branching body w/ dense
closely packed tips, white bulbous base. Odor musty. Probably does not
bruise or turn brown w/ age.
Spores: Yellow.
Locations: PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR.
References: Bar 116. Lin 408fn. M&M 350. Rog.
SIDE: Pigtail, 8/29/2010, R Orr.

OVERALL and BASE: Rocky Gorge Reservoir, 9/9/2009, R Solem.
370
Yellow-tipped Coral Ramaria formosa Yellow-tipped Coral Ramaria formosa
Gomphaceae
---- --+ +-- --- ---
ID: Body salmon/orange-pink, lighter in age; coral-like, repeatedly

branching from pinkish/white bulbous base. Taste bitter.
Fruiting Body: Up to 5” [12.5 cm]
Pale salmon/orange-pink (yellowish to ochre in age). Branch tips blunt,
often pale-/straw-yellow when young; bruises brownish. Surface
smooth/wrinkled. Base thick, pinkish/white. Taste bitter/astringent.
Stalk: Basal stalk divides into multiple upright branches. Flesh
cream/light yellow.
Spores: Pale yellow-brown.
OVERALL (young): Pigtail, 9/7/2009, R Solem. Locations: BIGBR, PIGTL.
References: Bar 117. BBF 419. Kuo. Lae 251fn. Lin 408, 746.
Pac 330. Phi 355. Roo 431.
371
Common Earthball Scleroderma citrinum Common Earthball Scleroderma citrinum
Pigskin Puffball Pigskin Puffball Sclerodermataceae
--++ +++ +++ -+- +--+-
ID: Body brown/golden-brown w/ coarse warts/scales, top

pore/irregular tears; spherical/ ellipsoid. Spores white and solid,
then marbled gray/purplish-black; blackish-brown and powdery at
maturity.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, groups. On ground/decaying wood in
forests.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 2” H x 1 – 4” W [1.5 – 4 cm x 2.5 – 10 cm] Pale-
/yellow-/golden-brown, covered w/ coarse warts/angular scales. Round
hole/irregular tears at apex. Spherical/elipsoid. Thick, tough, warty skin.
Attached to substrate by thick, stalk-like mycelial base.
Spores: White when very young, then marbled dark gray/purplish/black,
solid and firm; blackish-brown and powdery at maturity.
Locations: ANNRK, BIGBR, BRNBR, CASCT, DFWMA, HENPV, HIRIP,
LONGC, MCLUR, MPENA, PATBT, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR, SLMLP,
SUKBR, TUFTS, WINTR.
OVERALL: Browns Bridge, 7/30/2008, J Solem. Notes:

OVERALL (old): Long Corner, 9/13/2009, R Solem. Surface skin rots away, exposing pores. Parasitized by Boletus
CUT SURFACE (maturing spores) and MATURE: High Ridge Park parasiticus [not found]. (Cap 0.8 – 3.1”, tawny-olive, convex, smooth.
6/23/2009, R Solem.
Pores yellowish. Stalk 1.1 – 2.4” x 1/4 – 1/2“, color of cap. Grows on
surface of S. citrinum.)
Synonyms: S. aurantium, S. vulgare.
References: Bar 92. BBF 456, 16. Lin 839, 654. M&M 464. McK 362,
48, Lae 256. Pac 376.Phi 335. Roo 448. Rus 113, #60.
372
Earthstar Puffball Scleroderma polyrhizum Earthstar Puffball Scleroderma polyrhizum
Earthstar Scleroderma Earthstar Scleroderma Sclerodermataceae
Star Earthball Star Earthball
--- -++ -+- ++-
ID: Body dingy/pale yellow-brown, darker in age, splits into 4 – 8

petals; thick-walled; spherical/irregular when closed. Spores
purplish/blackish-brown, firm, somewhat marbled, powdery at
maturity. Odor unpleasant.
Habitat: Forms underground. Soiitary, groups. In pine forests, along
roads, on hillsides, etc.
Fruiting Body: 1.5 – 4.5” ( up to 6” when open)
[2.5 – 10 cm; to 15.5 cm] Spherical/ellipsoid/irregular when closed;
resembles a starfish when open. Thick-walled (3 – 5 mm). Odor
unpleasant.
Surface: Dingy white/straw-colored/pale yellow-brown; rough areolate to
somewhat scaly. Splits into 4 - 8 (usually 5) star-like rays to expose
spore case.
Spores: Brown/purplish/blackish-brown; somewhat marbled when
young; firm; powdery at maturity.
Locations: BRNBR, GUIPK, HAMVL, HIRIP, NOLAP, RKBRP, TUFTS,
WAUGH, WESRP.
OVERALL (mature spores): River Hill,11/14/2008, S Earp. Synonyms: S. geaster. S. polyrhizon.

MATURE: Angelina Circle,11/1/2008, J Solem. References: BBF 456, 459. Lin 839, 642. M&M 465. McK 363, 47.
CUT SURFACE (maturing spores): Browns Bridge, Pac 376fn. Phi 335.
10/16/2008, J Solem].
373
Eyelash Cup Scutellinia scutellata
Eyelash Cup Scutellinia scutellata
Pyronemataceae
+++-- -++ +++ ++- ++- +++ +--
ID: Body small, scarlet red/bright orange, smooth; cup-/pill-

shaped; margin covered w/ tiny dark hairs.
Habitat: Dense groups (usually). On moss/decayed wood and adjacent
ground.
Fruiting Body: 0.1 H x up to 0.6“ W [2 x 6 – 15 mm]
Cup-/pill-shaped. No stem. Flesh thin and insubstantial. Fertile surface
(top/inner surface) scarlet red to bright orange, smooth. Sterile surface
(under/outer surface) brownish or pale orangish, covered with tiny dark
hairs; margin w/ longer, eyelash-like, dark hairs.
Spores: White.
Locations: CASCT, FULSA, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, NOFPK,
RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP.
Synonym: Peziza scutellina.
References: Bar 60. Kuo. Lae 268. Lin 353, 604. M&M 526.
McK 63, 4. Pac 411. Phi 373. Roo 471. Rog.
CLOSEUP: Henryton, 6/28/2009, R Solem.

GROUP: Henryton, 6/28/2009, J Solem.
GROUP: Long Corner, 7/10/2009, J Solem.
374
None Scutellinia setosa None Scutellinia setosa
Scutellinia erinaceus Scutellinia erinaceus
Pyronemataceae
-++- +--
ID: Body tiny, orange/yellow-orange, smooth; cup-/pill-shaped;

margin covered w/ tiny dark hairs.
Habitat: Dense groups (usually). On decayed wood.
Fruiting Body: 1/12 – 1/8” [2 – 3 mm]
Cup-/pill-shaped. No stem. Flesh thin and insubstantial. Fertile surface
(top/inner surface) dull orange/ orange-yellow. Sterile surface
(unde/outer surface) same; margin w/ longer, eyelash-like, dark hairs.
Locations: MPENA.
Notes: Species apparently only differ in spores (determined
microscopically).
References: Bar 60.
CLOSEUP: MPENA, 10/3/2009, R Orr.

OVERALL GROUP: MPENA, 10/1/2009, J Solem.
375
Cauliflower Mushroom Sparassis laminosa Cauliflower Mushroom Sparassis laminosa
Sparassidaceae
+-+-+ --- ---
ID: Body whitish, thin; lettice-like folded lobes; solid basal mass
near stalk.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground at base of decaying conifers (and
sometimes oaks).
Fruiting Body: 6 – 12” x 6 – 10” [15 – 30 cm x
15 – 25 cm] Whitish/pale yellow/tan, flesh thin, white. Densely packed,
lettuce-like, flattened, leafy, folded lobes (darkest and broadest at tips);
solid basal mass near stalk.
Spores: White/light ochre.
Locations: HAMVL, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP.
Synonyms: S. herbstii. S. crispa var laminose.
Pac 329. Phi 342. Rus 115, 61.

OVERALL: North Laurel Park, 8/4/2008, J Solem
376
Cauliflower Mushroom Sparassis spathulata Cauliflower Mushroom Sparassis spathulata
Sparassidaceae
+-+ --- +++ +-+ ---
ID: Body cream/gray; flattened branches unite in solid basal mass.

Unpleasant odor.
Habitat: Solitary, groups. On ground at base of decaying oaks or pines.
Fruiting Body: 6 – 15” [15 – 38 cm]
Cream/pale yellow/gray; flesh thin, white, fibrous. Flattened branches
wrinkled/curled/folded; individual branches stiff, broadest at tips, taper
down and unite to form a thick basal mass. Lacks long, rooting stalk.
Unpleasant odor.
Spores: White.
Locations: BIGBR, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL, SUKBR, WESRP,
WINTR.
References: Bar 120. BBF 415, 13. Bin 299. M&M 438. Roo 433.
Rus 115.
OVERALL: Hugg-Thomas WMA, 8/29/2008, W Earp.

OVERALL: Western Regional Park, 8/9/2009, R Solem.
377
Velvety Fairy Fan Spathulariopsis velutipes Velvety Fairy Fan Spathulariopsis velutipes
Cudoniaceae
--- --+ -+++
ID: Head brownish-yellow, flattened, irregularly wrinkled/ folded.

Stalk reddish-brown, cylindrical.
Habitat: Groups, clusters. On mossy ground or decaying wood.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 2.6” [3 – 7 cm] consisting of head and stalk.
Head: 0.4 – 1.5” H x 1/4 – 5/8” W [1 – 5 cm x 6 – 15 mm]
Yellowish/brownish-yellow. Flattened, irregularly wrinkled/ folded.
Stalk: 0.8 – 1.5” H x 1/4 – 5/8” W [2 – 4 cm x 6 –15 mm]
Reddish-brown. Equal/tapering upward, solid, velvety.
Locations: MPENA, NOLAP.
Synonym: Spathularia velutipes.
Roo 415. Kuo. Photo of young S. velutipes :
http://chestofbooks.com/flora-plants/mushrooms/The-Mushroom-
Book/Genus-Spathularia.html

SPECIMEN GROUP: MPENA, 9/22/2009, R Solem.
OVERALL: MPENA, 9/18/2009, B Ott.
378
None Syzygites megalocarpus None Syzygites megalocarpus
Mucorales
--- --- +-- --- --- --- ---
ID: Parasitic on fungi. Body bluish/gray fuzzy mold covering

victims.
Habitat: Parasitic on diverse mushrooms; widely distributed in North
America.
Fruiting Body: Fuzzy mold covering the victim's surfaces; yellow
becoming bluish/gray.
Locations: LONGC.
Notes: Kuo says it has been found on more than 65 different genera in
the United States.
References: Kuo.
379
Velvet Blue Spread Terana caerulea Velvet Blue Spread Terana caerulea
Phanerochaetaceae
--- +-- --- --- --+
ID: Body dark blackish-blue; crust-like, thin.

Habitat: Dense clusters. On underside of decaying hardwood logs or
branches (especially oak).
Fruiting Body: 1/8 – 3/4” [3 – 20 mm], spreads into patches 1.5 – 6” (or
more) [4 – 15.5 cm].
Dark blackish-blue, paler toward abrupt margin. Thin, crustlike (soft
when fresh), rounded to irregular. Flesh (1-2 mm).
Spores: White.
Locations: HIRIP, RIVHL.
Synonyms: Pulcherricium caeruleum. Corticium caeruleum.
References: BBF 432, 443. Bin 427. Lin 420, 595. Pac 319.
OVERALL: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009 R. Solem.

CLOSEUP: High Ridge Park, 9/9/2009, R Solem.
380
Jelly Leaf Tremella foliacea Jelly Leaf Tremella foliacea
Tremellaceae
++ ++ + --- --- --- --- --+ -++ +--
ID: Body pale/dark reddish-brown; lettuce-like rubbery folds.

Habitat: Solitary, scattered. On decaying hardwoods (occasionally
conifers).
Fruiting Body: 2 – 10” x 2 – 4” [5 – 25.5 cm x 5 – 10 cm]
Pale/dark reddish-brown, rarely pale brownish-yellow. Lettuce-like cluster
of leaf-like folds. Rubbery.
Locations: BIGBR, DANPV, GONRA, HAMVL, HENPV, HOUCH,
HOWCH, MPENA, MCHPV, ORRBB, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR.
References: Bar 104. BBF 433, 436.Bin 435. Lae 282. Lin 384, 754.
McK 67, #5. Pac 320fn. Roo 452fn.
OVERALL: Pigtail,10/23/2009, R Solem.

381
Witches’ Butter Tremella mesenterica Witches’ Butter Tremella mesenterica
Tremellaceae
--- ++- ++- --+ -+- -+- +-+ +-+ --- +++ -++ +-+
ID: Body pale yellow/yellow-orange; multi-lobed mass; rubbery.

Habitat: Clusters. On decaying hardwood branches/logs.
Fruiting Body: 0.6 – 2.8” [1 5 – 7 cm]
Pale yellow/yellow/yellow-orange. Wrinkled, brain-like, multi-lobed
spreading mass. Rubbery.
Spores: White/yellowish.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, CEDLP, CENPK, DANPV, DORWD,
GONRA, HAMVL, HENPV, HIRIP, HOLLO, HOUOS, MPENA, MCHPV,
PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR, SLMLP, WESRP.
Notes: Parasitic on crust fungi (Peniophora spp), which is only present
as mycelium, so appears to be parasitic on wood. Dacrymyces palmatus
(Orange Jelly) grows on conifers.
Synonym: Tremella lutescens.
McK 67, 5. Pac 320. Roo 454.
SIDE: Henryton, 12/28/2008, W Earp.

OVERALL: Henryton,12/28/2008, J Solem.
382
Jellied False Coral Tremellodendron pallidum Jellied False Coral Tremellodendron pallidum
Sebacinaceae
+--++ --+ --- --- ---
ID: Body white/buff; coral-like w/ broadly flattened branches; fused

at bases.
forests or on bark at base of oak.
Fruiting Body: 2 – 5.5” x 1 – 3.8” [5 – 14 cm x 2.5 – 9.5 cm]
White/buff. Coral-like, densely clustered, numerous broadly flattened/
somewhat cylindrical branches; leathery/fibrous-tough; fused at bases w/
tops frequently united.
Spores: ?
Locations: HIRIP, LONGC, NOLAP, RKBRP, SAVPK, WINTR.
Synonym: T. schweinitzii.
68, #5. Phi 358. Roo 435.
OVERALL: North Laruel Park, 7/17/2008, J Solem.

OVERALL (young): Savage Park, 7/25/2009, R Solem.
383
Jack-in-the-pulpit Rust Uromyces ari-triphylli Jack-in-the-pulpit Rust Uromyces ari-triphylli
Pucciniaceae
+--- ---
ID: Rust on leaves of Jack-in-the-pulpit.

Habitat: Forms a rust on leaves of Jack-in the-pulpit (Arisaema
triphyllum)
Fruiting Body: Up to 0.5” across? [1.3 cm]
"A fungal pathogen causing damage to the corm, the leaflets, and the
spathe. An infected plant is easily identified by the presence of bright
yellow, spore-producing, surface lesions. Impacts of this fungus include
reduced growth of the plant and potential flower stage regression,
reduced vegetative propagation, and inhibited pollination due to
deformations in the spathe and its covering hood. In a given population
of Jack-in-the-Pulpit, a fourth of the individuals are infected by this
fungus. Of the infected female plants, the vast majority are no longer
able to produce seeds."*
Locations: GONRA.
* www-psu-edu_dept_nkbiology_naturetrail_speciespages_jackinpulpit-
htm_i0.pdf
OVERALL: Gorman Stream Valley NRA, 4/30/2010, N Magnusson.
384
Carbon Antlers Xylaria hypoxylon Carbon Antlers Xylaria hypoxylon
Candlesnuff Candlesnuff Xylariaceae
+ ++++ ++- ++- --- --- ---
ID: Body white (asexual) to black (sexual), finely roughened;

irregularly spindle-shaped and sparingly branched.
Habitat: Solitary (infrequent), dense clusters (usually). On/near decaying
hardwood stumps.
Body: 1/4 – 1” x 1/16 – 1/8” [5 – 25 mm x 1 – 2 mm]
White when young (asexual stage), black in age (sexual stage) when
perithecia below surface emerge. Irregularly spindle-shaped. Finely
roughened, wrinkled and minutely cracked in age. Flesh white, fibrous-
tough.
Spores: Dark brown.
Locations: BIGBBR, CASCT, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL,
UMDCF, WESRP.
Notes: Asexual stage dimensions by Solem.
References: BBF 523key. Lae 248. Lin 375, 738. M&M 521fn. McK
31fn. Pac 344. Phi 375. Rog. Roo 418fn.

OVERALL: MPENA 5/31/2009, J Solem.
385
Dead Man’s Fingers Xylaria polymorpha Dead Man’s Fingers Xylaria polymorpha
Xylariaceae
+-++ +-- -++ --- --- +--
ID: Body white (asexual) to black (sexual), finely roughened;

irregularly club-shaped.
Habitat: Solitary (infrequent), dense clusters (usually). On/near decaying
hardwood stumps.
Fruiting Body: 0.8 – 3.5” x 0.4 – 1.1” [2 – 9 cm x 1 – 3 cm] White
when young (asexual stage), black in age (sexual stage) when perithecia
below surface emerge. Irregularly club-/spindle-shaped. Finely
roughened, wrinkled and minutely cracked in age. Flesh white, fibrous-
tough.
Spores: Dark brown.
Locations: CASCT, DANPV, HENPV, MPENA, RKBRP, ROGOR,
SAVPK.
References: Bar 79. BBF 526. Lae 245. Lin 376, 697. M&M 521.
OVERALL (maturing): MPENA, 7/8/2009, R Solem. McK 30, #1. Pac 345. Phi 375. Roo 418.
OVERALL (old):Savage Park, 8/24/2009, J Solem.
386
Slime Molds
(Protozoa)
Arcyria
Ceratiomyxa
Enteridium
Fuligo
Hemitricia
Lycogala
Metarichia
Mucilago
Physarum
Reticularia
Stemonitis
Trichia
Tubifera
387
None Arcyria cinerea
None Arcyria cinerea Arcyriaceae
---- --- --- --- -++ --+ -+- --- --- --- ---
ID: Body of pale gray (almost white) cylinders on blackish stalks;

several on a common stalk.
Habitat: Clusters. On well-decayed logs, bark, leaf litter, dung.
Fruiting Body: 1/12 – 1/6” [2 – 4 mm]
Pale gray (almost white) to light brown, ochraceous, or (less common)
yellowish-brown. Finger-like clusters (2- 20) on a single stalk.
Stalk: Blackish/gray.
Spores: Pale gray/light yellow.
Locations: FARMS, PIGTL, TUFTS.
Notes: Web reference has better picture than Barron.
References: Bar 40. Myx 87.
http://slimemold.uark.edu/fungi/images/NameImages/KIMFLEMING%5C
Arcyria_cinerea2KF.jpg
388
None Arcyria denudata None Arcyria denudata
Arcyriaceae
---- --- --- +-- --- --- --- -
ID: Body brick-red/purple-brown egg-shaped mass on tan stalk;

contents expand to form purple-red mesh.
Habitat: Clusters. On well-decayed logs or bark (less frequent).
Fruiting Body: Up to 1/8” tall [3 mm]
Brick-red/pinkish-red/purple-brown. Egg-shaped/short cylindrical. Outer
wall disappears and contents expand to form bright purple-red mesh,
fading in age.
Stalk: Short [1 mm], color of peridium.
Spores: Red/reddish-brown.
Locations: MPENA.
References: Bar 40 (has a good picture). Myx 88.
http://www.sanamyan.com/myxomycetes/arcyria_denudata.php
OVERALL: MPENA,7/8/09, R. Solem.

GROUP (enlarged portion of top photo): MPENA, 7/8/2009, R Solem.
389
Coral Slime Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa Coral Slime Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa
Ceratiomyxaceae
---- --- +-+ +++ -++ +++ --- -++-
ID: Body white fuzzy; dome-shaped or cylindrical.

Habitat: Clusters. On well-decayed logs.
Fruiting Body: Up to 0.4” long [1 cm]
Columnar. White, fuzzy appearance.
Stalk: Short (if visible).
Spores: White.
Frequency: Fairly common--after prolonged rainy periods.
Locations: BIGBR, HENPV, LONGC, NOLAP, WESRP, WINTR.
Notes: See diagrams in Myx 94 of various stages.
Synonym: Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. fruticulosa.
References: Bar 35. Lin 845, 740. Myx 93.
390
Coral Slime Ceratiomyxa porioides Coral Slime Ceratiomyxa porioides
Ceratiomyxaceae
---- --- +-+ +++ -++ +++ --- -++-
ID: Body white fuzzy; dome-shaped or cylindrical.

Habitat: Clusters. On well-decayed logs.
Fruiting Body: Up to 0.4” long [1 cm]
Dome-shaped, honeycombed. White, fuzzy appearance.
Stalk: Short (if visible).
Spores: White.
OVERALL: Big Branch, 8/3/2008, N Magnusson. Frequency: Common--after prolonged rainy periods.
Locations: BIGBR, BRNBR, CASCT, DANPV, HENPV, LONGC,
MPENA, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP.
Notes: See diagrams in Myx 95 of various stages.
Synonym: Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. porioides.
391
Dog Vomit Fuligo septica Dog Vomit Fuligo septica
Scrambled-egg Slime Scrambled-egg Slime Physaraceae
--+- --- -++ --- +-- --- --- ----
ID: Body white/yellow/reddish mass w/ red-brown flecks.

Habitat: Expanding clusters. On rich soil, stumps, logs, or living plants.
Usually seen in cool weather (spring and fall).
Fruiting Body: Up to 8” x 1.2” thick [20 x 3 cm]
White/yellowish/ochre/pink w/ red-brown flecks. Slimy when young
(smooth but brittle crust in age breaks away to show black spore mass).
Spores: Black/dark gray.
Notes: Cortex has calcareous granules. (Cortex of Mucilago crustacea
has calcareous crystals.)
Frequency: Common.
Locations: CASCT, GONRA, HENPV, HOLLO, HOUOS, LONGC,
MCHPV, NOLAP, OTHER, PIGTL, RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP, WINTR.
References: Bar 36. Bin 339. Lin 845, 559. Myx 123.
OVERALL: Henryton, 7/15/2009, R Solem.

392
None Hemitrichia calyculata None Hemitrichia calyculata
Trichiaceae
ENLARGEMENT OF MATURE: MPENA,
7/8/2008, R Solem.
---- --- --- --- +-- --- --- ----
ID: Mature body mustard-yellow and cottony in a shallow cup w/

short stalk. Young reddish.
YOUNG SPORANGIA of Hemitricia sp (below) Habitat: Dense clusters. On well-decayed logs/ stumps.
Fruiting Body: 1/32 – 1/8” [1 – 3 mm]
Mustard-/olive-yellow. Outer wall disappears, contents expand to form
club-shaped, cottony head supported by shallow, membranous cup
(calyculus). Young reddish, smooth; on short stalk.
Stalk: Dark red-brown.
Locations: MPENA.
Notes: Distinguished from H. clavata [not found] by shallower cup
(Solem observation).
ENLARGEMENT OF YOUNG: MPENA, 7/22/2010, R Solem. References: Bar 41 has a good picture. Myx 124.
http://www.treknature.com/gallery/Europe/Spain/photo97487.htm
Young sporangia, Bar 39
393
Wolf’s Milk Lycogala epidendrum Wolf’s Milk Lycogala epidendrum
Tubiferaceae
+ ++-+- +-- +-+ +++ +++ +++ --- +++ -++
ID: Body globular pinkish-gray (filled w/ orange liquid when

young), purple-brown in age, spores become powdery when
mature.
Habitat: Scattered, crowded groups. On decayed wood (often pine).
Fruiting Body: 1/8 – 5/8” [3 – 15 mm]
Cinnabar-red/pinkish-gray (sand-colored/olivaceous-brown/ nearly black
in age). Round or nearly round/hemispherical. Roughened.
Spores: Orange liquid when young, then solid pinkish-gray/ochre, finally
purple-brown/pinkish and powdery.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, CEDLP, CENPK, DANPV, DFWMA,
GONRA, HENPV, HIRIP, HOLLO, HOUOS, LONGC, MPENA, NOLAP,
PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR, SLMLP, SUKBR, WESRP, WINTR.
References: Bar 45. Bin 371. Lin 848, 665. Pac 395. Myx 135.
OVERALL (young): Centennial Park, 10/9/2009, B Orr.

OVERALL (maturing): Henryton, 10/26/2009, R Orr.
OVERALL (old): Big Branch, 5/29/2009, W Earp.
GROUP (very young): North Laurel Park, 10/12/2008, J Solem.
394
Multigoblet Slime Mold Metatrichia vesparium Multigoblet Slime Mold Metatrichia vesparium
Wasp Nest Slime Mold Wasp Nest Slime Mold Trichiaceae
--+- --- --- --- +-- --- --- ----
ID: Black-metallic/dark maroon sporangia (like grapes) when

young, on a common stalk.
Habitat: Dense clusters. On well-decayed wood/bark (occasionally on
dead leaves).
Fruiting Body: Up to 1/8” tall [3 mm]
Wine-red/dark maroon/black-metallic sporangia (0.4 – 0.7 mm diameter)
in clusters from common stalk. Well-marked lid breaks down at maturity
to expose bright red-brown/purplish fluffy mass of threads (capillitium).
Stalk: Short and dark (or brick-red).
Spores: Brownish-red.
Locations: MCLUR, MPENA, MCHPV.
References: Bar 42 (has a good picture). Bin 375. Lin 852, 556.
Myx 137.
http://www.sanamyan.com/myxomycetes/metatrichia_vesparium.php

ENLARGED: MPENA, 7/8/2009, R Solem.
3 and 4 - OVERALL: MCLUR, 3/12/2011, Richard Orr
395
None Mucilago crustacea None Mucilago crustacea
Didymiaceae
--- --- --- --- --- --+ --- --- ---
ID: Body chalky white/creamy/pale ochraceous, crusty; spore

mass black.
Habitat: Scattered, forms clusters. Rotting wood, decayed leaves, plant
debris, low-growing living plants.
Fruiting Body: Up to 2.8” x 2” x 0.8” thick [7 x 5 x 2 cm]
Chalky white; crystalline and crusty. Interior black.
Spores: Black.
Locatiions: HAMVL, WESRP.
Notes: Cortex has calcareous crystals. (Cortex of Fuligo sp has
OVERALL: Western Regional Park, 8/21/2010, J Solem. calcareous granules.)
396
Common Slime Mold Physarum polycephalum Common Slime Mold Physarum polycephalum [or near]
Physaraceae
--- --- --- --- --- --- --+ --- --- --- --- ---
ID: Supposedly, one of the most common slime molds; found on

decayed logs and many other substrates. The fruiting body looks
like small connected yellow globs. The plasmodium is a network of
veins.
Habitat: Decaying wood, fruiting bodies of fleshy fungi, sometimes on
living plants.
Description: Yellow-gray (rarely white) w/ scattered clusters of
yellow/white lime granules. Plasmodium yellow.
Notes: "Widely used in laboratory studies. Similar species occur in
nature."This protist may be seen without a microscope; P. polycephalum
is typically yellow in color, and eats fungal spores, bacteria, and other
microbes. The main vegetative phase of P. polycephalum is the
plasmodium (the active, streaming form of slime molds). The
plasmodium consists of networks of protoplasmic veins, and many
nuclei. It is during this stage that the organism searches for food. The
plasmodium surrounds its food and secretes enzymes to digest it.” *
Locations: PAFEI.
References: *From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CLOSEUP: Patapsco Female Institute, 7/30/2010, R Orr.

OVERALL: Patapsco Female Institute, 7/30/2010, J Solem.
397
Silver Hand Reticularia lycoperdon. Silver Hand Reticularia lycoperdon
Tubiferaceae
--- --- --- -++ +++ +-- --+ --- --- --- +-- +--
ID: Body silvery-brown/black glob, Becoming black and cracking

as it ages.
Habitat: Solitary, scattered, forms clusters. Variety of habitats but often
on decayed logs.
Fruiting Body: Up to 3.1” across [8 cm]
Silvery-brown/gray-black outer wall; base surrounded by white margin.
Spores: Dark brown.
Locations: BIGBR, DANPV, FARMS, HENPV, MTPLT, SLMLP.
Synonym: Enteridium lycoperdon.
Notes: According to information provided by R Orr, the organism starts
at the base of a tree or other substrate and and slowly climbs upward
until it matures and releases its spores.
SIDE: Henryton, 4/15/2010, R Orr.

SPLIT: Henryton, 4/15/2010, R Orr.
SIDE: Mt Pleasant, 4/24/2010, R Orr.
CUT (mature spores): Mt Pleasant, 4/24/2010, R Orr.
OLD: Big Branch, 5/12/2009, J Solem.
398
Pipe-cleaner Slime Mold Stemonitis sp Pipe-cleaner Slime Mold Stemonitis sp
Stemonitidaceae
---- --- +++ +++ +++ +-+ --- ----+
ID: Body black-brown “pipe cleaners” on short black stalks.

Habitat: Dense clusters. On dead wood (one species in leaf litter or plant
litter on forest floor).
Fruiting Body: Tufts 0.3 – 0.8” tall [7 – 20 mm]
Rusty-brown or gray-black (depending on species); fruiting bodies in
tufts, film-like base (hypothallus) brown and membranous.
Stalk: ca. 1/16” long [1.5 – 2 mm]
Shining black.
Frequency: Common.
Locations: BIGBR, CASCT, DANPV, GONRA, MPENA, PIGTL,
Notes: There are over 100 species, separable only by microscopic
examination of spores.
References: Bar 43. Lin 853-4, 550, 736. Myx 152-4.
http://www.zipcodezoo.com/Protozoa/S.Stemonitis_axifera/

ENLARGED: Rockburn Branch Park, 5/25/2009, J Solem.
ENLARGED (side): Rockburn Branch Park, 5/25/2009, J Solem.
OVERALL: Pigtail, 6/2/2010, R Solem
399
None Trichia decipiens [or near] None Trichia decipiens [or near]
Trichiaceae
---- --- --- +-- --- --- --+ +---
ID: Body white/pink/ orange masses; pear-shaped/ovate.

Habitat: Dense clusters. On well-decayed wood (conifers).
Fruiting Body: Less than 1/16” diameter [1 mm]
White/pink/yellow/orange (ochraceous/ochraceous-brown in age). Small,
pear-shaped/ovoid, very shiny. Cup-like structure persists.
Stalk: Color of fruiting body. Thin (<= height of body).
Locations: CASCT, HENPV, WESRP, WINTR.
References: Myx 155.
http//pkck,5.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Trichia+decipiens: “Plasmodium white,
OVERALL: Wincopin,10/10/2008, J Solem. pink or orange. Stalk gradually merging into the sporotheca, plicate,
ENLARGED: Henryton,10/2/2009, R Solem. brown, filled with spore-like bodies. Sporotheca obovate or pyriform.
ochraceous, very shiny. Peridium yellow or ochraceous-yellow by TL;
smooth, pleated towards the stalk, dehiscing at the apex and remaining
as a basal cup. Spore-mass, including the capillitium, ochraceous or
ochraceous-brown. Spores pale yellow.”
400
Red Raspberry Slime Tubifera ferruginosa Red Raspberry Slime Tubifera ferruginosa
Tubiferaceae
---- --- +-+ +++ -+- -++ --- +---
ID: Body pink/rose-red cake-like “tapioca” becoming red-/purplish-

brown at maturity.
Habitat: Dense clusters. On well-decayed logs or wood debris
(occasionally in leaf litter).
Fruiting Body: 1/64 x 1/8 – 1/4” high, up to 6” long
[0.5 x 3 – 5 mm x 15 cm]. Young sporangia delicate pink/bright rose-
red; at maturity spore-bearing bodies red-/purplish-brown w/ metallic,
iridescent surface, base off-white/brownish, spongy.
Spores: Umber-brown.
Locations: CASCT, DANPV, HENPV, LONGC, MPENA, PIGTL,
RKBRP, ROGOR, SAVPK, SLMLP, SUKBR, SVMLT, TUFTS, WESRP,
WINTR.
OVERALL: Mt Pleasant, 6/8/2009, B Ott.

TOP (mature): Schooley Mill Park, 5/27/2009, J Solem.
401
Lin: Linhoff, G. H. 1981. National Audubon Society Field Guide to
Appendices North American Mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York NY. One
of the earliest (and still authoritative) guides. Its disadvantage for
References
local study is that it covers all of North America; increasingly,
Each of the available fungi guides has advantages and many of the Latin names used have been superseded.
disadvantages. All require a certain amount of basic knowledge of
M&M: Miller, O.K. and H.H. Miller. 2006. North American Mushrooms:
botany and a willingness to learn mycological terminology. Books (in
A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Globe Pequot Press,
alphabetical order by abbreviation) are listed first; they are followed by
Guilford, CT. One of the most current guides. It is quite complete
two web sources.
and useful, even though the gilled mushrooms are divided by
Abbreviation Reference spore color, which cannot always be determined in the field.
Bar: Barron, G. 1999. Mushrooms of Northeast North America. Lone McK: McKnight, K. H. and V. B. McKnight. 1987. A Field Guide to
Pine Publishing, Auburn, WA. Because it is limited to Mushrooms: North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston
northeastern North America, it includes those species likely to be MA. A Peterson Field Guide. It depends on finding a drawing on
found in central Maryland; it also contains a section on slime a color plate and then looking up the text. Much useful
molds (a group missing from most other guides). A disadvantage information is contained in the individual descriptions. An
is that gilled mushrooms are divided into sections by spore color, increasing numer of Latin names have been superseded.
which cannot alwaysn be determined in the field.
Myx: Stephenson, S. L. and H. Stempen. 1994. Myxomycetes: A
BBF: Bessette, A. E., A. R. Bessette, and D.W. Fisher. 1997. Handbook of Slime Molds. Timber Press, Portland, OR. Dated
Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University but useful field guide to common slime molds of eastern United
Press, Syracuse, NY. One of the most complete guides (and States.
quite formidable for the beginner). Useful keys, concise
descriptions, numerous photographs, and the inclusion of well Pac: Pacioni, G., G. Lincoff U. S. ed. 1981. Guide to Mushrooms.
over 1,000 species make this an invaluable reference. Simon and Schuster, Inc., New York, NY. Originally published in
Italy and based on fungi found there; edited by Lincoff for the
BHB: Bessette, A. E., D. B. Harris, A. R. Bessette. 2009. Milk United States market.
Mushrooms of North America: A Field Identification Guide to the
Genus Lactarius. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY. Phi: Phillips, R. 2010. Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America.
Comprehensive keys, excellent photographs, and detailed Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY. Printed version of much that is on his
descriptions for more than 150 species. Not for the casual web page “Rogers Mushrooms” with full color illustrations for
observer. each species. Comprehensive photographic views, concise
descriptions, and keys make this an excellent resource.
Bin: Binion, D. E. et al. 2008. Macrofungi Associated with Oaks of
Eastern North America. West Virginia University Press. Roo: Roody, W. C. 2003. Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central
Morgantown, WV. A very specialized reference that is valuable Appalachians. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
for Howard County. This guide includes many fungi found in central Maryland and
has a key helpful for field use. A highly useful reference.
BRB: Bessette, A. E., W. C. Roody, and A. R. Bessette. 2000. North
American Boletes: A Color Guide to the Fleshy Pored Rus: Russell, B. 2006. Field Guide to Wild Mushrooms of
Mushrooms. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY. A Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. The Pennsylvania State
specialized guide for boletes with detailed keys, descriptions, University Press, University Park, PA. Mushrooms are divided
and photographs. Not for the casual observer. by fruiting season. Species described are useful for Howard
County; the major disadvantage is the limited number treated.
Lae: Læssøe, T. and G. Lincoff. 2002. Mushrooms. Dorling
Kindersley, Inc., New York, NY. Originally published in England Kuo: Kuo, M. 2000-2010. MushroomExpert.Com
as a guide to their fungi and edited by Lincoff for the United <http://www.mushroomexpert.com>. It is almost impossible to
States market. remain current with changes in nomenclature without recourse to
material published on the web. Kuo is a source of current
402
information and useful keys. He uses current taxonomy and has eccentric............... off-center
extensive web references to other material. One of the most entire .................... without notches or indentations
evanescent .......... present briefly, then disappearing
valuable sources of information. fairy ring ............... circular or arched zone of multiple fruiting bodies arising from a mycelium expanding
Rog: Phillips, R. 2001-2010. RogersMushrooms outward from a central point
fibril/fibriloid.......... tiny fibers/having tiny fibers
<http://www.rogersmushrooms.com>. Along with Kuo, a
fimbriate ............... minutely fringed.
comprehensive source on the web. Phillips also has extensive fibril/fibrillose ........ thread-like fibers
listings of European fungi (a number of which also occur in North fibrous .................. covered with hair-like structures
America). flat ........................ generally level or plane
floccose................ having tufts of soft hairs.
[Other]: Other web references will have the full URL. free....................... gills are not attached to stalk
funnel-shaped ...... shaped like an inverted cone
gelatinous ............ viscous, rubbery
gill......................... plate-like structure on fertile side of cap of some mushrooms
glabrous ............... smooth
gleba .................... spore-bearing tissue (in puffballs)
granular................ resembling tiny grains
Glossary grooved................ margin of cap has perpendicular furrows or channels (striate, lined)
ground.................. soil with organic matter under forests or turf; bare or covered with duff, debris, mulch,
grass, etc.
........... poisonous: do not use taste to identify! group.................... many fruiting bodies in a small area but separated (gregarious, caespitose)
acrid .....................sharp, bitter, harsh hyaline.................. colorless and clear
aethalium..............relatively large fruiting body formed from plasmodium (slime molds) hygrophanous ...... color change of mushroom tissue (cap) as it loses or absorbs water
age .......................mature, often with changes in color (see stain) or texture indented ............... having a tooth-like edge
annular zone ........indistinct ring of fibrils on stalk inrolled ................. bent inward (incurved)
apex .....................top KOH ..................... potassium hydroxide
appressed ............lying flat on the surface lateral ................... attached to margin of cap
areolate ................surface covered with a network of cracks latex ..................... fluid exuding from cut or broken surfaces of some mushrooms
anastomosing.......fusing to form a network lobed .................... margin with a roundish projection
attached ...............joined to stalk (adnate) margin.................. edge of cap
base .....................lower part of stalk marginate............. distinct edge or ridge on top of bulb (stalk base)
bell-shaped...........having a convex shape that resembles a bell mycelium.............. mass of hyphae (thread-like fungal cells), usually in substrate
ca. ................. approximately NH4OH ................. ammonia
calyculus ...............persistent cup-like structure formed by base of peridium (slime molds) notched ................ has indentation at the point of attachment on the stalk (adnexed)
cap .......................upper part of fruiting body (pileus) obligate ................ required microrhizal host
central ..................at or near the middle of the cap or stem obtuse .................. rounded or blunt
close.....................gills spaced farther apart than crowded off-center.............. to one side (eccentric)
cluster...................fungi arising from the same spot, typically touching and often attached at the base partial veil............. covers gills or pores of some mushrooms. remains may show as remnants on the
collar.....................ring at stalk apex into which gills are inserted margin of the cap or as a ring
compressed..........flattened peridiole ............... tiny, egg-like structure that contains spores
conic.....................shaped more or less like an inverted cone peridium ............... middle layer of spore case (puffballs); covering of spore mass (slime molds)
convex..................curved or rounded outward perithecium .......... minute, flask-shaped structure containing sac-like structures producing spores (plural,
cortex ...................thick covering over spore mass of aethallium (slime molds) perithecia)
crossveins ............tiny veins connecting adjacent gills pleated ................. having folds of definite widths on margin
crowded................gills very close together pore...................... open end of tubes of boletes or polypores
cuticle ...................outermost layer of cap pruinose ............... covered with a fine powder
cylindrical .............stalk is same or nearly same diameter throughout its length recurved............... having margin curled upward (or curled over)
decurrent ..............gills descend stalk reticulate .............. having net-like covering
deliquesce............liquify, e.g., gills of coprinus rhizomorph........... thick strands of thread-like filaments growing together
depressed ............sunken center of cap ribbed ................... having vertical ridges
disc.......................central area of a mushroom cap. ring ....................... remains of the partial veil on stalk
distant...................gills very widely spaced; farther apart than subdistant scaber .................. granular point on cap or stalk
duff .......................partially decayed matter on the forest floor scalloped.............. having curved projections cut along the margin
403
scaly .....................covered with projections or torn portions of a surface DANPV Daniels Road (PVSP)
scattered ..............several fruiting bodies not close together DFWMA David Force Wildlife Management Area
sclerotium.............hard knot of fungus tissue EBERT Residence on Hallmark Rd
scurfy....................roughened with scales FARMS Various locations
secondary gills .....short gills attached only to margin of cap or only to stalk or collar FULSA Fulton South Area Park
solitary..................generally only one fruiting body in area GONRA Gorman StreamValley Natural Resource Area
spindle-shaped.....wide in the middle then tapering at both ends. GUIPK Guilford Park
GWACP Gwynn Acres Path
spongy..................squishy or porous
HAMVL Hammond Village (including Solem’s)
stain......................change in color in age or by cutting or bruising; may be instantaneous, slow, or
HENPV Henryton Road (PVSP)
delayed HIRIP High Ridge Park
stalk......................structure supporting the cap or head of the fruiting body (stem, stipe) HOLLO Hollofield (PVSP)
streak ...................long, narrow mark HOUCH Houchen’s (Woodbine Morgan Road)
straight .................flat, not curved HOWCH Howard Chapel Road (PATRP)
striate ...................grooved HTWMA Hugg-Thomas Wildlife Management Area
stuffed ..................filled with soft tissue, often disappearing in age JACPD Jackson Pond
subdecurrent ........gills extending part way down stalk KALIL Residence on Roxbury Mill Road
subdistant.............gill spacing between close and distant LONGC Long Corner (PATRP)
taper .....................reduce diameter (upward or downward) MARPV Marriottsville Road (PVSP)
tomentose ............bent and matted plant hairs, forming a woolly coating MBRKP Meadowbrook Park
umbo ....................pointed or rounded elevation in center of cap MCLUR Residence on Mt. Albert Rd
universal veil ........completely encloses immature stage of some mushrooms. may form scales or MPENA Middle Patuxent Environmental Area
patches on cap, or a volva at the base of the stalk MPRED Eden Brook (Middle Patuxent River) – see GONRA
upturned ...............having margin curved upward MPRKR Kindler Road (Middle Patuxent River) – see GONRA
veil........................see partial veil or universal veil MCHPV Morning Choice Trail, Avalon (PVSP)
MTPLT Mount Pleasant (Howard County Convervancy)
viscid ....................sticky, slimy, tacky
NOLAP North Laurel Park
volva.....................cap-like sac surrounding stalk at base; the remains of the universal veil ORRBB Residence on Durham Rd - East
zonate ..................having concentric bands of different color or texture PAFEI Patapsco Female Institute
PATBT Patuxent Branch Trail
PATRP Patuxent River State Park
PIGTL Pigtail (TRIRS)
POPPK Poplar Springs Park
PVSP Patapsco Valley State Park
RIVHL River Hill (including Earp’s)
RKBRP Rockburn Branch Park
ROGOR Rocky Gorge Reservoir (includes Scotts Cove)
Locations SAVPK Savage Park
Pentagraph Location SLMLP Schooley Mill Park
SVMLT Savage Mill Trail
ALRGL Alpha Ridge Landfill TRIRS Triadelphia Reservoir
ALRGP Alpha Ridge Park TUFTS Residence on Duvall Road
ANNRK Annapolis Rock (PATRP) WAUGH Residence on Angelina Circle
BIGBR Big Branch (TRIRS) WESRP Western Regional Park
BONOT Residence on Manahan Drive WILLK Wilde Lake
BRNBR Browns Bridge (ROGOR) WINTR Wincopin Trails
CASCT Cascade Trail, Avalon (PVSP) WSRPV Woodstock Road (PVSP)
CEDLP Cedar Lane Park
CENPK Centennial Park
404
Index
abietinum Russula, 178 American Slippery Jack, 232 Pholiota, 157
Hirschioporus, 307 albissimus americana atramentaria
Trichaptum, 307 Leucopaxillus, 123 Lepiota, 120 Coprinopsis, 47
Abortive Entoloma, 67 alboater Leucocoprinus, 120 atramentarius
abortivum Tylopilus, 237 americanum Coprinus, 47
Entoloma, 67 alboflavida Hericium, 260 atricapillus
abortivus Melanoleuca, 136 americanus Pluteus, 168
Clitopilus, 67 alboviolaceus Boletus, 232 atripes
acicula Cortinarius, 53 Leucoagaricus, 120 Inocybe, 92
Mycena, 137 albuscorticis Suillus, 232 atropunctata
acutesquamosa Marasmiellus, 127 Amethicium Biscogniauxia, 316
Lepiota, 118 Alcohol Inky Cap, 47 chrysocreus, 335 atropurpurea
adiposa alkalivirens Ampulloclitocybe Russula, 190
Pholiota, 158 Collybia, 73 clavipes, 25 atrotomentosa
admirabilis Gymnopus, 73 apala Tapinella, 194
Pluteus, 167 Almond-scented Russula, 183 Conocybe, 44 atrotomentosus
Pluteus, 167 alnicola Apiosporina Paxillus, 194
Polyporus, 281 Pholiota, 156 morbosa, 312 atrovinosa
adusta alveolaris applanatum Peziza, 365
Bjerkandera, 243 Favolus, 282 Ganoderma, 254 aurantiaca
aeruginascens Polyporus, 282 applanatus, 63 Hygrophoropsis, 88
Chlorociboria, 323 Amanita applicatus aurantiacum
aeruginosa caesaria, 17 Resupinatus, 176 Hydnellus, 262
Chlorociboria, 323 ceciliae, 10 Apricot Milky Cap, 114 aurantiocinnabarina
affine Cecilia's, 10 arcularius Clavulinopsis, 331
Xanthoconium, 241 citrina, 11 Polyporus, 283 aurantium
affinis Citron, 11 Arcyria Scleroderma, 372
Boletus, 241 cokeri, 12 cinerea, 388 aurea
Agaricus Coker's, 12 denudata, 389 Ramaria, 370
bisporus, 5 flavoconia, 13 ari-triphylli Aureoboletus
campestris, 5 flavorubescens, 14 Uromyces, 384 auriporus, 207
moelleri, 6 fulva, 15 Armillaria innixus, 215
molestus, 8 gemmata, 16 mellea, 26 auricula-judae
placomyces, 6 Gemmed, 16 tabescens, 27 Auricularia, 315
silvaticus, 7 Gray Veiled, 21 Armillariella auricular
strictior, 69 jacksonii, 17 mellea, 26 Auricularia, 315
Agrocybe muscaria, 18 Aromatic Milky, 99 Auricularia
Cracked-top, 8 parcivolvata, 19 Artist’s Conk, 254 auricula-judae, 315
dura, 8 polypyramis, 20 Artomyces auricular, 315
molesta, 8 porphyria, 21 pyxidatus, 313 auricular-judae
praecox, 9 rubescens, 22 aruginascens Himeola, 315
alba umbonata, 17 Chlorosplenium, 323 aurivella
Exidea, 345 vaginata, 23 Ascocoryne Pholiota, 158
Gloeotromera, 345 virosa, 24 cylichnium, 314 auroporus
albellum Amanita Mold, 349 sarcoides, 314 Aureoboletus, 207
Leccinellum, 228 Amber Jelly Roll, 343 aspera Boletus, 207
Leccinum, 228 American Caesar's Mushroom, 17 Lepiota, 118 autumnalis
albidula American Lepiota, 120 astragalina Galerina, 72
405
badius Black Jelly Oyster, 176 Boletus Clustered, 172
Polyporus, 295 Black Knot of Cherry, 312 affinis, 241 Broad Gill, 135
Royoporus, 295 Black Trumpets, 62 americanus, 232 Brown Bolete
Baeospora Black Velvet Bolete, 237 auriporus, 207 Clustered, 215
Conifer-cone, 28 Black Witches’ Butter, 341 bicolor, 208 Brown-toothed Crust, 266
Lavender, 29 Blackfoot Polypore, 287 caespitosus, 215 brumalis
myosura, 28 Black-staining Polypore, 274 curtisii, 210 Polyporus, 284
myriadophylla, 29 Bleeding Mycena, 140 edulis, 211 Buff Fishy Milky, 107
Baoespora Bleeding Oak Crust, 299 fagicola, 212 Bulgaria rufa, 344
Lavender, 29 Blerkandera frostii, 213 Butter
Bay-brown Polypore, 295, 296 adusta, 243 granulatus, 233 Black Witches’, 341
Beacon Blewit griseus, 229 caerulea
Swamp, 359 Flowery, 119 hortonii, 214 Terana, 380
Bear Lentinus, 116 Blood-red Cort, 59 innixus, 215 caeruleum
Bear’s Head Tooth, 260 Blue Cheese Polypore, 289 longicurvipes, 216 Corticium, 380
Beard Blue Spread ornatipes, 230 Pulcherricium, 380
Satyr’s, 261 Velvet, 380 pallidus, 217 caesaria
Bearded Tooth, 261 Blue Stain, 323 parasiticus, 372 Amanita, 17
Beech Hypoxylon, 351 Blusher, 22 pubescens, 304 Caesar's Mushroom
Beefsteak Fungus, 250 Yellow, 14 pulverulentus, 218 American, 17
Bell-cap Panaeolus, 150 Bolete retipes, 230 False, 19
Bell-shaped Fuzzy Foot, 202 Apple, 213 rubellus, 219 caesia
betulina Ash-tree, 209 rubinellus, 225 Postia, 289
Lenzites, 272 Bitter, 238 spraguei, 212 caesius
bicolor Black Velvet, 237 subvelutipes, 220 Oligoporus, 289
Boletochaete, 208 Chestnut, 226 variipes, 221 Tyromyces, 289
Boletus, 208 Clustered Brown, 215 vermiculosoides, 222 caespitosus
biforme Frost’s, 213 vermiculosus, 223 Boletus, 215
Trichaptum, 308 Gilled, 162 viridiflavus, 207 Clitocybe, 42
biformis Granular-dotted, 233 Bolinia cajanderi
Hirschioporus, 308 Gray, 229 petersii, 322 Fomitopsis, 252
Big Laughing Gym, 75 King, 211 Bonnet Callistosporium
Big Laughing Mushroom, 75 Ornate-stalked, 230 Clustered, 141 purpureomarginatum, 30
bilamellata Painted, 234 Orange, 137 Calocera
Stropharia, 192 Pallid, 217 borealis cornea, 319
Birds Nest Purple-red, 225 Camarophyllus, 86 calolepis
Splash-cup, 336 Red-and-Yellow, 208 Hygrocybe, 86 Crepidotus, 65
Streaked, 337 Reddish-brown Bitter, 240 Bothia Calvatia
White-egg, 334 Red-mouth, 220 castanella, 224 craniiformis, 320
Biscogniauxia Spotted, 241 Bovista cyathiformis, 321
atropunctata, 316 Two-colored, 208 pila, 318 Calycella
Bisporella Violet-gray, 239 Bovistella citrina, 317
citrina, 317 Bolete Mold, 348 radicata, 357 calyculata
bisporus Boletinellus Bracket Hemitrichia, 393
Agaricus, 5 merulioides, 209 Gilled, 272 Camarophyllus
bisus Boletinus brevipes borealis, 86
Lentinellus, 115 castanellus, 224 Russula, 179 Camarops
Bitter Bolete, 238 pictus, 234 Brick Top, 91 petersii, 322
Bitter Oyster, 153 squarrosoides, 224 Brittlegill campanella
Bitter Pholiota, 157 Boletochaete Whitish, 178 Omphalia, 202
Bitter Waxy Cap, 85 bicolor, 208 Brittlestem Omphalopsis, 202
406
Xeromphalina, 202 cauticinalis chlorinigenus Scleroderma, 372
campanulatus Xeromphalina, 203 Hypomyces, 348 Citron Amanita, 11
Panaeolinus, 150 ceciliae Chlorociboria Clavaria
campestris Amanita, 10 aeruginascens, 323 fragilis, 328
Agaricus, 5 Cecilia's Amanita, 10 aeruginosa, 323 mucida, 361
Psalliota, 5 Cedar-Apple Rust, 346 Chlorophyllum pulchra, 332
camphorates cepaestipes molybdites, 37 rubicundula, 327
Cortinarius, 54 Coprinus, 49 Chlorosplenium vermicularis, 328
camphoratus Leucocoprinus, 49 aruginascens, 323 Clavaria fumosa, 327
Lactarius, 99 Ceramic Fungus, 310 chlora, 325 Clavicorona
candidissimum Ceratiomyxa versiforme, 324 pyxidata, 313
Cheimonophyllum, 36 fruticulosa, 390 Chondrostereu clavipes
candidissimus fruticulosa var fruticulosa, 390 purpureum, 326 Ampulloclitocybe, 25
Pleurotus, 36 fruticulosa var porioides, 391 chryscomum Clitocybe, 25
candidus porioides, 391 Hydnum, 267 Clavulina
Marasmiellus, 127 Cerrena chrysocreus cinerea, 329
Marasmius, 127 unicolor, 244 Amethicium, 335 coralloides, 330
candolleana cervina Chrysomphalina cristata, 330
Psathyrella, 169 Trametes, 306 strombodes, 38 rusosa, 330
caninus Trametopsis, 306 chrysorhiza Clavulinopsis
Mutinus, 362 cervinus Hydnophlebia, 267 aurantiocinnabarina, 331
cantharellus Pluteus, 168 Phanerochaete, 267 laeticolor, 332
Craterellus, 33 Chalciporus chrysorrheus Climacodon
Hygrocybe, 79 rubinellus, 225 Lactarius, 101 septentrionalis, 333
Hygrophorus, 79 Changeable Pholiota, 94 chrysospermus Clitocybe
Cantharellus Chanterelle Dacrymyces, 338 caespitosus, 42
cibarius, 31, 34 Cinnabar, 32 Hypomyces, 348 clavipes, 25
cinnabarinus, 32 False, 88 cibarius clustered, 42
lateritius, 33 Golden, 31 Cantharellus, 31, 34 coniferophila, 40
minor, 34 Small, 34 cincinnatus eccentrica, 39
Cantlesnoff, 385 Smooth, 33 Laetiporus, 271 Fat-footed, 25
Cap Chanterelle Waxy Cap, 79 cinerea flavidella, 40
Hairy Rubber, 344 Cheese Polypore Arcyria, 388 illudens, 149
capillaris Blue, 289 Clavulina, 329 irina, 119
Marasmius, 128 Staining, 290 Cinnabar Polypore, 294 robusta, 41
capnoides White, 309 cinnabarinum strombodes, 38
Hypholoma, 89 Cheimonophyllum Cystoderma, 66 subconnexa, 42
Naematoloma, 89 candidissimum, 36 cinnabarinus Clitopilus
Carbon Antler’s, 385 chelidonium Cantharellus, 32 abortivus, 67
Carbon Balls, 340 Lactarius, 100 Pycnoporus, 294 Club Foot, 25
castanella Chestnut Bolete, 226 cinnamomea Clustered Bonnet, 141
Bothia, 224 Chicken Mushroom, 271 Coltricia, 245 Clustered Brittlestem, 172
castanellus Chicken of the Woods, 271 Cinnamon Polypore Clustered Brown Bolete, 215
Boletinus, 224 Chicken-fat Suillus, 232 Shiny, 245 Clustered Clitocybe, 42
Suillus, 224 chioneus Cinnamon Polypore, 246 clypeata
castaneus Tyromyces, 309 citrina Pachyella, 364
Gyroporus, 226 chlora Amanita, 11 coccinea
Catathelasma Chlorosplenium, 325 Bisporella, 317 Hygrocybe, 80
ventricosa, 35 Peziza, 325 Calycella, 317 coccineus
ventricosum, 35 Chlorencoelia citrinum Hygrophorus, 80
Cauliflower Mushroom, 376, 377 versiformis, 324 Heliotium, 317 cohaerens
407
Marasmius, 129 Clitocybe, 40 coronilla crispa var laminosa
cokeri conigena Stropharia, 192 Sparassis, 376
Amanita, 12 Collibia, 28 Corrugated Cort, 55 cristata
Coker's Amanita, 12 Conocybe Corrugated-cap Milky, 102 Clavulina, 330
Collibia apala, 44 corrugatus crocophyllus
conigena, 28 lactea, 44 Cortinarius, 55 Crepidotus, 64
strictipes, 134 tenera, 45 corrugis Crowded Parchment, 298
Collybia Coprinellus Lactarius, 102 Crown-tipped Coral, 313
alkalivirens, 73 micaceus, 46 Cort crucibuliforme
dryophila, 74 Coprinopsis Blood-red, 59 Crucibulum, 334
Little Brown, 73 atramentaria, 47 Corrugated, 55 Crucibulum
maculata, 177 Coprinopsus Red-gilled, 60 crucibuliforme, 334
myriadophylla, 29 lagopus, 48 Silvery-violet, 53 levis, 334
Oak, 74 Coprinus Spotted, 56 vulgare, 334
Rooted, 205 atramentarius, 47 Sticky Violet, 56 Crucibulum
Spotted, 177 cepaestipes, 49 Violet, 61 laeve, 334
tuberosa, 43 comatus, 50 Corticium Crumble Cap, 51
Tuberous, 43 disseminatus, 51 caeruleum, 380 Crust
velutipes, 71 lagopides, 48 Cortinarius Reddish-brown, 291
Coltricia lagopus, 48 alboviolaceus, 53 Wrinkled, 280
cinnamomea, 245 micaceus, 46 camphoratus, 54 crustacea
perennis, 246 plicatilis, 154 corrugatus, 55, 56 Mucilago, 396
comatus quadrifidus, 52 privignus, 57 crustosa
Coprinus, 50 variegatus, 52 pulchrifolius, 58 Russula, 181
Common Morel, 360 coprophila sanguineus, 59 Cryptic Globe Polypore, 247
Common Puffball, 355 Psilocybe, 175 semisanguineus, 60 Cryptoporus
Common Slime Mold, 397 Coral violaceus, 61 volvatus, 247
commune Crested, 330 cothurnatus Cup
Schizophyllum, 191 Crown-tipped, 313 Suillus, 236 Eyelash, 374
compacta Golden, 370 Cracked-top Agrocybe, 8 curtisii
Russula, 180 Gray, 329 craniiformis Boletus, 210
complicatum Jellied False, 383 Calvatia, 320 Cushion Hypoxylon, 352
Stereum, 298 Orange Spindle, 331 craterellus cuspidatum
concentrica Smoky Worm, 327 Polyporus, 285 Entoloma, 147
Daldinia, 340 White Green-algae, 361 Craterellus Custard
conchifer White Worm, 328 cantharellus, 33 Plums and, 200
Poronidulus, 288 Yellow-tipped, 371 cornucopioides, 62 cyathiformis
Trametes, 288 Coral Slime, 390, 391 fallax, 62 Calvatia, 321
concrescens Coral Spring Mycena, 137 Crep Cyathus
Hydnellum, 263 Coral Woodcrust, 279 Flat, 63 stercoreus, 336
confragosa coralloides Jelly, 65 striatus, 337
Daedalea, 249 Clavulina, 330 Crepidotus cylichnium
Daedaleopsis, 249 Coral-pink Merulius, 279 applanatus, 63 Ascocoryne, 314
confusus Coriolus calolepis, 65 Cystoderma
Strobilomyces, 231 hirsutus, 303 crocophyllus, 64 cinnabarinum, 66
conica pubescens, 304 fulvotomentosus, 65 terreii, 66
Hybrocybe, 81 versicolor, 305 mollis, 65 Dacrymyces
conicus cornea Crested Coral, 330 chrysospermus, 338
Hygrophorus, 81 Calocera, 319 Crimped Gill, 166 palmatus, 338
Conifer-cone Baeospora, 28 cornucopioides crispa Dacryopinax
coniferophila Craterellus, 62 Plicaturopsis, 166 spathularia, 339
408
Daedalea Dung-loving Psilocybe, 175 Morchella, 360 Flat Polypore
confragosa, 249 dura Exidea Thin-maze, 249
quercina, 248 Agrocybe, 8 alba, 345 flavescens
Daedaleopsis Dye Polypore, 277 glandulosa, 341 Hygrocybe, 82
confragosa, 249 Ear Fungus, 315 Exidia flavidella
Daldinia Earth Fan, 302 nucleata, 342 Clitocybe, 40
concentrica, 340 Earth Tongue recisa, 343 flavoconia
Dead Man’s Fingers, 386 Orange, 358 Eyelash Cup, 374 Amanita, 13
Deadly Galerina, 72 Earthball Eyespot Milky, 109 flavorubescens
decastes Common, 372 fagicola Amanita, 14
Lycophyllum, 125 Star, 373 Boletus, 212 Flecked-flesh Polypore, 278
Deceiver, 95 Earth-gray Tricholoma, 196 Fairy Cups floccopus
Deceptive Milky, 103 Earthstar Puffball, 373 Yellow, 317 Strobilomyces, 231
deceptivus Earthstar Scleroderma, 373 Fairy Fan Flowery Blewit, 119
Lactarius, 103 Earthtongue Velvety, 378 Fly Agaric, 18
decipiens Irregular, 363 Fairy Pins, 366 foenisecii
Trichia, 400 Eastern Stinkhorn, 367 Fairy Ring Mushroom, 130 Panaeolina, 151
decolorans eccentrica fallax Panaeolinus, 151
Russula, 182 Clitocybe, 39 Craterellus, 62 Psilocybe, 151
decora edulis False Caesar's Mushroom, 19 foliacea
Tricholomopsis, 199 Boletus, 211 False Chanterelle, 88 Tremella, 381
Decorated Mop, 199 elegans False Coral fomentarius
Deer Mushroom, 168 Lenzites, 273 Jellied, 383 Fomes, 251
delineata Mitrula, 359 False Saffron Milkcap, 104 Fomes
Psathyrella, 170 Mutinus, 362 False Turkey-tail, 300 fomentarius, 251
Dentinum Polyporus, 287 Fan-shaped Jelly Fungus, 339 igniarius, 278
repandum, 268 Trametes, 273 fasciatum Fomitopsis
denudata Elegant Polypore, 287 Stereum, 300 cajanderi, 252
Arcyria, 389 Enteridium fasciculare pinicola, 253
Destroying Angel, 24 lycoperdon, 398 Hypholoma, 90 formosa
deterrimus Entoloma Naematoloma, 90 Ramaria, 371
Lactarius, 104 Abortive, 67 Fat-footed Clitocybe, 25 fragiforme
Dibotryon abortivum, 67 Favolus Hypoxylon, 351
morbosum, 312 Blue-toothed, 68 alveolaris, 282 fragilis
disseminatus cuspidatum, 147 Fawn Mushroom, 168 Clavaria, 328
Coprinus, 51 murayi, 147 felleus Oligoporus, 290
Dog Vomit, 392 Salmon Unicorn, 148 Tylopilus, 238 Postia, 290
Dryad’s Saddle, 286 salmoneum, 148 ferruginosa Tyromyces, 290
dryadeus serrulatum, 68 Tubifera, 401 fragilissima
Inonotus, 292 Spsring, 70 Fiber Vase Mycoacia, 267
Polyporus, 292 Straight-stalked, 69 Common, 302 Oxydontia, 267
Pseudoinonotus, 292 strictior, 69 Fingers Fragrant Lactarius, 99
dryinus strictius, 69 Dead Man’s, 386 Fried Chicken Mushroom, 125
Pleurotus, 164 vernum, 70 Fistulina frondosa
dryophila Yellow Unicorn, 147 hepatica, 250 Grifola, 258
Collybia, 74 epipterygia flabeliformis frostii
dryophilus Mycena, 138 Lentinellus, 115 Boletus, 213
Gymnopus, 74 erinaceus Flammula frustulatus
Dunce Cap Hericium, 261 granulosa, 159 Xylobolus, 310
Brown, 45 Scutellina, 375 Flammulina frustulosum
White, 44 esculenta velutipes, 71 Stereum, 310
409
fruticulosa gerardii Big Laughing, 75 Hohenbuehelia
Ceratiomyxa, 390 Lactarius, 105 Gymnopilus petaloides, 77
fruticulosa var fruticulosa Gerronema junonius, 75 Honey Mushroom, 26
Ceratiomyxa, 390 strombodes, 38 spectabilis, 75 Ringless, 27
fruticulosa var porioides giganteus Gymnopus Honey Scaly Mushroom, 160
Ceratiomyxa, 391 Meripilus, 274 alkalivirens, 73 Horsehair Fungus, 132
fulgens Gill dryophilus, 74 hortinii
Pyncoporellus, 293 Crimped, 166 strictipes, 134 Boletus, 214
Fuligo Gill Polypore Gymnosporangium juniperi- Leccinum, 214
septica, 392 Yellow-red, 257 virginianae, 346 Xerocomus, 214
fulva Gilled Bolete, 162 Gyrodon Humidicutis
Amanita, 15 Gilled Bracket, 272 merulioides, 209 marginata, 78
fulvotomentosus Gilled Polypore Gyroporus hyalinus
Crepidotus, 65 Multicolor, 272 castaneus, 226 Hypomyces, 349
fumosa glabripes purpurinus, 227 Hydnellum
Clavaria, 327 Lactarius, 106 Red, 227 aurantiacum, 262
Fungus glandulosa haematopus concrescens, 263
Silver Leaf, 326 Exidea, 341 Mycena, 140 spongiosipes, 264
furfuracea Gloeophyllum Hairy Panus, 117 suaveolens, 265
Tubaria, 201 sepiarium, 257 Hairy Rubber Cap, 344 Hydnochaete
Xerula, 205 Gloeotromera Hapalopilus olivacea, 266
fusescens alba, 345 nidulans, 259 Hydnophlebia
Irpex, 266 Golden Coral, 370 Hapopilus chrysorhiza, 267
fusiformis Golden Pholiota, 158 rutilans, 259 Hydnum
Pseudocolus, 368 Goldstalk, 230 Hat chryscomum, 267
Fuzzy Foot gracilis Witch’s, 81 repandum, 268
Bell-shaped, 202 Psathyrella, 171 Hebeloma scabrosum, 296
galericulata Granular Jelly Roll, 342 sinzapizans, 76 septentrionale, 333
Mycena, 139 granulatus Hedgehog Mushroom, 268 hydrophila
Galerina Boletus, 233 Heliotium Psathyrella, 173
autumnalis, 72 Suillus, 233 citrinum, 317 Hygrocybe
Deadly, 72 granulosa Hemitrichia borealis, 86
marginalis, 72 Flammula, 159 calyculata, 393 cantharellus, 79
Galiella rufa, 344 Pholiota, 159 Hen of the Woods, 258 coccinea, 80
Ganoderma grata hepatica conica, 81
applanatum, 254 Russula, 183 Fistulina, 250 flavescens, 82
lucidum, 255 Gray Coral, 329 herbstii marginata, 78
tsugae, 256 Gray Veiled Amanita, 21 Sparassis, 376 miniata, 83
gausapatum Green Stain, 323 Hericium mucronella, 85
Stereum, 299 Green-algae Coral americanum, 260 nitidus, 87
geaster White, 361 erinaceus, 261 nivea, 86
Scleroderma, 373 Green-spored Mushroom, 37 Hexagonal-pored Polypore, 282 psittacina, 84
gelatinosa Grifola Himeola reai, 85
Hypocrea, 347 frondosa, 258 auricular-judae, 315 virginea, 86
Gelatinous Woodcrust, 275 Grisette, 23 Hirschioporus Hygrophoropsis
gemmata Tawny, 15 abietinum, 307 aurantiaca, 88
Amanita, 16 griseus biformis, 308 Hygrophorus. See Hygrocybe
gemmatum Boletus, 229 hirsuta cantharellus, 79
Lycoperdon, 355 Lactarius, 106 Trametes, 303 coccineus, 80
Gemmed Amanita, 16 Retiboletus, 229 hirsutus conicus, 81
Gem-studded Puffball, 355 Gym Coriolus, 303 marginatus, 78
410
miniatus, 83 Inonotus Lacarria Laetiporus
nitidus, 87 dryadeus, 292 tortilis, 97 cincinnatus, 271
niveus, 86 nidulans, 259 Laccaria sulphureus, 271
psittacinus, 84 tomentosus, 276 Common, 95 sulphureus var. cincinnatus, 271
reai, 85 involutus laccata, 95 laeve
virgineus, 86 Paxillus, 155 ochropurpurea, 96 Crucibulum, 334
Hymenochaete irina Purple Gilled, 96 lagopides
tabacina, 291 Clitocybe, 119 laccata Coprinus, 48
Hypholoma Lepista, 119 Laccaria, 95 lagopus
capnoides, 89 Irpex lacera Coprinopsus, 48
fasciculare, 90 fusescens, 266 Inocybe, 93 Coprinus, 48
lateritium, 91 lacteus, 269 Lacquered Polypore, 255 laminosa
sublateritium, 91 Irregular Earthtongue, 363 Lacrimaria Sparassis, 376
velutinum, 98 irregularis velutina, 98 Late Fall Oyster, 152
Hypocrea Neolecta, 363 lacrymabunda laterarius
gelatinosa, 347 Sprangueola, 363 Lacrymaria, 98 Leucopaxillus, 124
Yellow Cushion, 347 Ischnoderma Lacrymaria lateritium
Hypomyces resinosum, 270 lacrymabunda, 98 Hypholoma, 91
chlorinigenus, 348 iveus Lactarius lateritius
chrysospermus, 348 Nolanea, 147 chelidonium, 100 Cantharellus, 33
hyalinus, 349 Jack in-the-pulpit Rust, 384 chrysorrheus, 101 laurocerasi
lactifluorum, 350 Jack O’ Lantern, 149 corrugis, 102 Russula, 183
hypoxylon jacksonii deterrimus, 104 Lavender Baeospora, 29
Xylaria, 385 Amanita, 17 Fragrant, 99 Lavender Baoespora, 29
Hypoxylon Japanese Parasol, 154 gerardii, 105 Leaflike Oyster, 77
Beech, 351 Jellied False Coral, 383 glabripes, 106 leaiana
Cushion, 352 Jelly Gray-brown, 106 Mycena, 142
fragiforme, 351 Orange, 338 griseus, 106 Leccinellum
Red Cushion, 351 Jelly Baby luteolus, 107 albellum, 228
Hypoxylon sp, 352 Yellow, 353 mutabilis, 108 Leccinum
igniarius Jelly Club ocultatus, 109 albellum, 228
Fomes, 278 Ochre, 353 piperatus, 110 hortinii, 214
Phellinus, 278 Jelly Drops quietus, 111 longicurvipes, 216
illudens Purple, 314 Spruce Saffron, 104 Lemon Drops, 317
Clitocybe, 149 Jelly Fungus Sulphur-milk, 112 Lentinellus
Omphalotus, 149 Fan-shaped, 339 theiogalus, 112 bisus, 115
incarnata White, 345 thejogalus, 112 flabeliformis, 115
Phlebia, 279 Jelly Leaf, 381 vinaceorufescens, 113 omphalodes, 115
incarnates Jelly Oyster volemus, 114 strigosus, 117
Merulius, 279 Black, 176 volemus var. subrugosus, 102 ursinus, 116
inclinata Jelly Roll Lactarius camphoratus, 99 Lentinus
Mycena, 141 Amber, 343 Lactarius deceptivus, 103 Bear, 116
Inky Cap Granular, 342 lactea lepideus, 146
Alcohol, 47 juniperi-virginianae Conocybe, 44 Scaly, 146
Scaly, 52 Gymnosporangium, 346 lacteus Stalked, 115
innixus junonius Irpex, 269 strigosus, 117
Aureoboletus, 215 Gymnopolis, 75 lactifluorum Lenzites
Boletus, 215 kauffmanii Hypomyces, 350 betulina, 272
Inocybe Xeromphalina, 204 laeticolor elegans, 273
atripes, 92 Kuehneromyces Clavulinopsis, 332 Leotia
lacera, 93 mutabilis, 94 Ramariopsis, 332 lubrica, 353
411
lepideus lucidum Marrasmius Milky Cap
Lentinus, 146 Ganoderma, 255 Pinwheel, 132 Apricot, 114
Neolentinus, 146 Luminescent Panellus, 153 Mayapple Rust, 369 miniata
Lepiota luteolus Meadow Mushroom, 5, 7 Hybrocybe, 83
acutesquamosa, 118 Lactarius, 107 Megacollybia miniatus
American, 120 luteopallens platyphylla, 135 Hygrophorus, 83
americana, 120 Mycena, 143 megalocarpus minor
aspera, 118 lutescens Syzygites, 379 Cantharellus, 34
naucina, 121 Tremella, 382 Melanoleuca Mitrula
naucinoides, 121 Lycogala alboflavida, 136 elegans, 359
procera, 126 epidendrum, 394 mellea Mock Oyster, 163
Reddening, 120 lycoperdon Armillaria, 26 moelleri
Red-tinged, 122 Enteridium, 398 Armillariella, 26 Agaricus, 6
rubrotincta, 122 Reticularia, 398 Meripilus molesta
Sharp-scaled, 118 Lycoperdon giganteus, 274 Agrocybe, 8
Lepista gemmatum, 355 sumstinei, 274 molestus
irina, 119 molle, 354 merisma Agaricus, 8
Leptonia perlatum, 355 Trametes, 304 molle
Saw-toothed, 68 pyriforme, 356 merismoides Lycoperdon, 354
serrulata, 68 radicatum, 357 Phlebia, 280 mollis
Leucoagaricus Lycophyllum merulioides Crepidotus, 65
americanus, 120 decastes, 125 Boletinellus, 209 molybdites
leucothites, 121 Macrolepiota Gyrodon, 209 Chlorophyllum, 37
naucinoides, 121 procera, 126 Merulius morbosa
naucinus, 121 maculata Coral-pink, 279 Apiosporina, 312
procerus, 126 Collybia, 177 incarnatus, 279 morbosum
rubrotinctus, 122 Rhodocollybia, 177 Trembling, 275 Dibotryon, 312
Leucocoprinus Marasmiellus tremellosus, 275 Morchella
cepaestipes, 49 albuscorticis, 127 mesenterica esculenta, 360
procera, 126 candidus, 127 Tremella, 382 Morel
Leucopax Marasmius Metatrichia Common, 360
White, 123 candidus, 127 vesparium, 395 Yellow, 360
Leucopaxillus capillaris, 128 Mica Cap, 46 mori
albissimus, 123 caplilaris, 132 micaceus Polyporus, 282
laterarius, 124 cohaerens, 129 Coprinellus, 46 Mower’s Mushroom, 151
leucothites magnisporus, 127 Coprinus, 46 mucida
Leucoagaricus, 121 Orange Pinwheel, 133 Microglossum Clavaria, 361
levis Orange-yellow, 134 rufum, 358 Mucilago
Crucibulum, 334 oreades, 130 Milkcap crustacea, 396
Ling Chih, 255 pulcherripes, 131 False Saffron, 104 mucina
Little Brown, 73 rotula, 128, 132 Peppery, 110 Multiclavula, 361
Little Nest siccus, 133 Milk-white Toothed Polypore, 269 mucronella
Polypore, 288 strictipes, 134 Milky Hybrocybe, 85
lobatum White, 127 Aromatic, 99 Multiclavula
Stereum, 300 marginalis Buff Fishy, 107 mucida, 361
Lobster Fungus, 350 Galerina, 72 Corrigated-cap, 102 Multicolor Gilled Polypore, 272
longicurvipes marginata Deceptive, 103 Multigoblet Slime Mold, 395
Boletus, 216 Humidicutis, 78 Gerard’s, 105 multipedata
Leccinum, 216 Hygrocybe, 78 Peppery, 110 Phathyrella, 172
lubrica marginatus Voluminous-latex, 114 murrayi
Leotia, 353 Hygrophorus, 78 Yellow Latex, 113 Entoloma, 147
412
muscaria irregularis, 363 Hydnochaete, 266 Panaeolina
Amanita, 18 Neolentinus Omphalia foenisecii, 151
Mushroom lepideus, 146 campanella, 202 Panaeolinus
Big Laughing, 75 Nestcap, 163 strombodes, 38 campanulatus, 150
mutabilis nidulans omphalodes foenisecii, 151
Kuehneromyces, 94 Hapalopilus, 259 Lentinellus, 115 Panaeolus
Lactarius, 108 Inonotus, 259 Omphalopsis Bell-cap, 150
Pholiota, 94 Phyllotopsis, 163 campanella, 202 papilionaceus, 150
Mutinus Polyporus, 259 Omphalotus retirugis, 150
caninus, 362 nigricans illudens, 149 sprianctrinus, 150
elegans, 362 Russula, 185 Onion Stalk, 49 Panellus
ravenelii, 362 nitidus Onnia Luminescent, 153
Mycena Hybrocybe, 87 tomentosa, 276 serotinus, 152
acicula, 137 Hygrophorus, 87 Orange Bonnet, 137 stipticus, 153
Bleeding, 140 nivea Orange Earth Tongue, 358 panuoides
Common, 139 Hygrocybe, 86 Orange Jelly, 338 Paxillus, 195
Coral Spring, 137 niveus Orange Mycena, 142 Tapinella, 195
epipterygia, 138 Hygrophorus, 86 Orange Pinwheel Marasmius, 133 Panus
galericulata, 139 Nolanea Orange Spindle Coral, 331 Hairy, 117
haematopus, 140 iveus, 147 Orange-gilled Waxy Cap, 78 Ruddy, 117
inclinata, 141 quadrata, 148 Orange-yellow Marasmius, 134 rudis, 117
leaiana, 142 salmonea, 148 oreades stypticus, 153
luteopallens, 143 stricta, 69 Marasmius, 130 papilionaceus
Orange, 142 strictior, 69 ornatipes Panaeolus, 150
Pink, 144 verna, 70 Boletus, 230 paragemenus
pura, 144 Yellow, 147 Retiboletus, 230 Polyporus, 308
stipata, 145 Northern Tooth, 333 ostrea parasiticus
Walnut, 143 nucleata Stereum, 300 Boletus, 372
Yellow-stalked, 138 Exidia, 342 ostreatus Parasol
Mycoacia Numulariola Pleurotus, 165 Japanese, 154
fragilissima, 267 petersii, 322 Oudemansiella Smooth, 121
myomyces Oak Crust radicata, 205 Parasol Mushroom, 126
Tricholoma, 196 Bleeding, 299 Oxydontia Parasola
myosura Oak Polypore fragilissima, 267 plicatilis, 154
Baeospora, 28 Thick-maze, 248 Oyster Parchment
myriadophylla Warted, 292 Bitter, 153 Crowded, 298
Baeospora, 29 ochraceum Late Fall, 152 Silky, 301
Collybia, 29 Steccherinum, 297 Leaflike, 77 parcivolvata
Naematoloma Ochre Jelly Club, 353 Mock, 163 Amanita, 19
capnoides, 89 Ochre Toothed Mushroom, 297 Veiled, 164 pardinum
fasciculare, 90 ochroleucoides Oyster Mushroom, 165 Tricholoma, 197
sublateritium, 91 Russula, 186 Oysterette Parrot Mushroom, 84
naucina ochropurpurea White, 36 Parrot Waxy Cap, 84
Lepiota, 121 Laccaria, 96 Pachyella Pax
naucinoides ocultatus clypeata, 364 Velvet-footed, 194
Lepiota, 121 Lactarius, 109 pallidum Paxillus
Leucoagaricus, 121 Old Man of the Woods, 231 Tremellodendron, 383 atrotomentosus, 194
naucinus Oligoporus pallidus involutus, 155
Leucoagaricus, 121 caesius, 289 Boletus, 217 panuoides, 195
Navel Sawgill, 115 fragilis, 290 palmatus Poisonous, 155
Neolecta olivacea Dacrymyces, 338 Velvet, 194
413
Pear-shaped Puffball, 356 terrestris, 161 polycephalum mori, 282
Peniophora spp, 382 Phylloporus Physarum, 397 nidulans, 259
Peppery Milkcap, 110 rhodoxanthus, 162 polymorpha paragamenus, 308
Peppery Milky, 110 Phyllotopsis Xylaria, 386 pubescens, 304
perennis nidulans, 163 polyporaeum schweinitzii, 277
Coltricia, 246 subnitulans, 163 Phaeocalicium, 366 squamosus, 286
Peridoxylon Physarum Polypore sulphureus, 271
petersii, 322 polycephalum, 397 Bay-brown, 295, 296 tomentosus, 276
perlatum pictus Blackfoot, 287 tulipifera, 269
Lycoperdon, 355 Boletinus, 234 Black-staining, 274 varius, 287
petaloides Suillus, 234 Blue Cheese, 289 versicolor, 305
Hohenbuehelia, 77 Pigskin Puffball, 372 Cinnabar, 294 polypyramis
petersii pila Cinnamon, 246 Amanita, 20
Bolinia, 322 Bovista, 318 Cryptic Globe, 247 polyrhizon
Camarops, 322 piluliformis Dye, 277 Scleroderma, 373
Numulariola, 322 Phathyrella, 173 Elegant, 287 polyrhizum
Peridoxylon, 322 pinicola Flecked-flesh, 278 Scleroderma, 373
Peziza Fomitopsis, 253 Gilled Multicolor, 272 Polystictus
atrovinosa, 365 Pink Mycena, 144 Hexagonal-pored, 282 versicolor, 305
chlora, 325 pinorigidus Lacquered, 255 porioides
scutellina, 374 Suillus, 236 Little Nest, 288 Ceratiomyxa, 391
Phaeocalicium Pinwheel Marrasmius, 132 Milk-white Toothed, 269 Poronidulus
polyporaeum, 366 Pipe-cleaner Slime Mold, 399 Pheasant’s-back, 286 conchifer, 288
Phaeolus piperatus Purple Toothed, 307, 308 porphyria
schweinitzii, 277 Lactarius, 110 Red-belted, 253 Amanita, 21
Phallus placomyces Resinous, 270 Postia
ravenelii, 367 Agaricus, 6 Rosy, 252 caesia, 289
Phanerochaete chrysorhiza, 267 platyphylla Shiny Cinnamon, 245 fragilis, 290
Phathyrella Magacollybia, 135 Smoky, 243 praecox
piluliformis, 173 Tricholomopsis, 135 Spring, 283 Agrocybe, 9
Pheasant’s-back Polypore, 286 Pleurotus Staining Cheese, 290 Pholiota, 9
Phellinus candidissimus, 36 Tender Nesting, 259 privignus
igniarius, 278 dryinus, 164 Thick-maze Oak, 248 Cortinarius, 57
Phlebia ostreatus, 165 Thin-maze Flat, 249 procera
incarnata, 279 plicatilis Tinder, 251 Lepiota, 126
merismoides, 280 Coprinus, 154 Veiled, 247 Leucocoprinus, 126
radiata, 280 Parasola, 154 Violet Toothed, 308 Macrolepiota, 126
tremellosa, 275 Plicaturopsis Warted Oak, 292 procerus
Pholiota crispa, 166 White Cheese, 309 Leucoagaricus, 126
adiposa, 158 plumbeoviolaceus Winter, 284 Psalliota
alnicola, 156 Tylopilus, 239 Wooly Velvet, 276 campestris, 5
astragalina, 157 Plums and Custard, 200 Yellow-red Gill, 257 Psathyrella
aurivella, 158 Pluteus Polyporus candolleana, 169
Bitter, 157 admirabilis, 167 admirabilis, 281 Clustered, 173
Changeable, 94 atricapillus, 168 alveolaris, 282 Common, 169
Golden, 158 cervinus, 168 arcularius, 283 delineata, 170
granulosa, 159 Yellow, 167 badius, 295 gracilis, 171
mutabilis, 94 podophylli brumalis, 284 hydrophila, 173
praecox, 9 Puccinia, 369 craterellus, 285 multipedata, 172
squarrosa-adiposa, 158 Poison Pie, 76 dryadeus, 292 septentrionalis, 174
squarrosoides, 160 Poisonous Paxillus, 155 elegans, 287 Suburban, 169
414
velutina, 98 Purple Gilled Laccaria, 96 Exidia, 343 Cgalciporus, 225
Velvety, 98 Purple Jelly Drops, 314 Red Cushion Hypoxylon, 351 rubrobrunneus
Pseudochaete Purple Toothed Polypore, 307, 308 Red Raspbery Slime, 401 Tylopilus, 240
tabacina, 291 Purple-red Bolete, 225 Red-belted Polypore, 253 rubrotincta
Pseudocolus Purple-spored Puffball, 321 Reddening Lepiota, 120 Lepiota, 122
fusiformis, 368 purpureomarginatum Reddish-brown Crust, 291 rubrotinctus
Pseudoinonotus Callistosporium, 30 Red-gilled Cort, 60 Leucoagaricus, 122
dryadeus, 292 purpureum Red-tinged Lepiota, 122 Ruddy Panus, 117
Psilocybe Chondrostereum, 326 remeale rudis
coprophila, 175 Stereum, 326 Stereum, 298 Panus, 117
Dung-loving, 175 purpurinus repandum rufa
foenisecii, 151 Gyroporus, 227 Dentinum., 268 Bulgaria, 344
psittacina Pycnoporus Hydnum, 268 Galiella, 344
Hygrocybe, 84 cinnabarinus, 294 resinosum rufum
psittacinus Pyncoporellus Ischnoderma, 270 Microglossum, 358
Hygrophorus, 84 fulgens, 293 Resinous Polypore, 270 rugosoannulata
pubescens pyriforme Resupinatus Stropharia, 193
Trametes, 304 Lycoperdon, 356 applicatus, 176 rusosa
pubescens pyxidata Retiboletus Clavulina, 330
Boletus, 304 Clavicorona, 313 griseus, 229 Russula
pubescens pyxidatus ornatipes, 230 albidula, 178
Coroilus, 304 Artomyces, 313 Reticularia Almond-scented, 183
pubescens quadrata lycoperdon, 398 atropurpurea, 190
Polyporus, 304 Nolanea, 148 retipes Blushing, 185
Puccinia quadrifidus Boletus, 230 brevipes, 179
podophylli, 369 Coprinus, 52 retirugis Compact, 180
Puffball quercina Panaeolus, 150 compacta, 180
Common, 355 Daedalea, 248 Rhodocollybia Crab, 190
Earthstar, 373 Trametes, 304 maculata, 177 crustosa, 181
Gem-studded, 355 quietus rhodoxanthus decolorans, 182
Pear-shaped, 356 Lactarius, 111 Phyllopurus, 162 Firm, 180
Pigskin, 372 radiata Ringless Honey Mushroom, 27 grata, 183
Purple-spored, 321 Phlebia, 280 robusta Green, 184
Smooth, 354 radicata Clitocybe, 41 Green Quilt, 181, 189
Tumbling, 318 Bovistella, 357 Rooted Collybia, 205 laurocerasi, 183
Vase-shaped, 321 Oudemansiella, 205 Rosy Polypore, 252 Matt Yellow, 186
Pulcherricium radicatum rotula nigricans, 185
caeruleum, 380 Lycoperdon, 357 Marasmius, 132 ochroleucoides, 186
pulcherripes Ramaria Royoporus pulchra, 187
Marasmius, 131 aurea, 370 badius, 295 Red, 188
pulchra formosa, 371 Rubber Cap Shellfish-scented, 190
Clavaria, 332 Ramariopsis Hairy, 344 Short-stemmed, 179
Russula, 187 laeticolor, 332 rubellus virescens, 189
pulchrifolius Ravenel’s Stinkhorn, 367 Boletus, 219 xerampelina, 190
Cortinarius, 58 ravenelii Xerocomus, 219 Rust
pulverulentus Mutinus, 362 rubescens Cedar-Apple, 346
Boletus, 218 Phallus, 367 Amanita, 22 Jack-in-the-pulpit, 384
punctipes reai rubicundula Mayapple, 369
Suillus, 235 Hybrocybe, 85 Clavaria, 327 rutilans
pura Hygrophorus, 85 rubinellus Hapopilus, 259
Mycena, 144 recisa Boletus, 225 Tricholomopsis, 200
415
Salmon Unicorn Entoloma, 148 semisanguineus Smoky Worm Coral, 327 Small, 319
salmonea Cortinarius, 60 Smooth Parasol, 121 Staining Cheese Polypore, 290
Nonalea, 148 sepiarium Smooth Puffball, 354 Stalked Lentinus, 115
salmoneum Gloeophyllum, 257 Snow White Waxy Cap, 86 Star Earthball, 373
Entoloma, 148 septentrionale Solitary Lepidella, 12 Steccherinium
salmonicolor Hydnum, 333 Sparassis septentrionale, 333
Suillus, 236 Steccherinium, 333 crispa var laminosa, 376 Steccherinum
sanguineus septentrionalis herbstii, 376 ochraceum, 297
Cortinarius, 59 Climacodon, 333 laminosa, 376 Stemonitis sp, 399
Sarcodon Psathyrella, 174 spathulata, 377 stercoreus
scabrosus, 296 septica spathularia Cyathus, 336
sarcoides Fuligo, 392 Dacryopinax, 339 Stereum
Ascocoryne, 314 serotina Spathularia complicatum, 298
Sarcomyxa Sarcomyxa, 152 velutipes, 378 fasciatum, 300
serotina, 152 serotinus Spathulariopsis frustulosum, 310
Satyr’s Beard, 261 Panellus, 152 velutipes, 378 gausapatum, 299
Sawgill serratifolium spathulata lobatum, 300
Navel, 115 Tricholoma, 198 Sparassis, 377 ostrea, 300
scabrosum serrulata spectabilis purpureum, 326
Hydnum, 296 Leptonia, 68 Gymnopilus, 75 remeale, 298
scabrosus serrulatum Spicy Suillus, 235 striatum, 301
Sarcodon, 296 Entoloma, 68 Spindle Coral vertsicolor, 300
Scaly Inky Cap, 52 setosa Orange, 331 Sticky Violet Cort, 56
Scaly Lentinus, 146 Scutellinia, 375 Spine Stinkhorn
Scaly Mushroom Shaggy Mane, 50 Sweet, 265 Eastern, 367
Honey, 160 Sharp-scaled Lepiota, 118 Splash-cup Birds Nest, 336 Ravenel’s, 367
Scarlet Waxy Cap, 80 Shelving Tooth, 333 Split Gill, 191 Stinkhorn, 362
Schizophyllum Shiny Cinnamon Polypore, 245 spongiosipes Stinky Squid, 368
commune, 191 Short-stemmed Russula, 179 Hydnellum, 264 stipata
schweinitzii siccus Spongy Foot, 264 Mycena, 145
Phaeolus, 277 Marasmius, 133 Spotted Collybia, 177 stipticus
Polyporus, 277 Silky Parchment, 301 spraguei Panellus, 153
Tremellodendron, 383 silvaticus Boletus, 212 Straight-stalked Entoloma, 69
Scleroderma Agaricus, 7 Suillus, 234 Streaked Birds Nest, 337
aurantium, 372 Silver Hand, 398 Sprangueola striatum
citrinum, 372 Silver Leaf Fungus, 326 irregularis, 363 Stereum, 301
Earthstar, 373 Silvery-violet Cort, 53 Spreading Yellow Tooth, 267 striatus
geaster, 373 sinzapizans sprianctrinus Cyathus, 337
polyrhizon, 373 Hebeloma, 76 Panaeolus, 150 stricta
polyrhizum, 373 Slime Spring Agrocybe, 9 Nolanea, 69
vulgare, 372 Coral, 390, 391 Spring Entoloma, 70 strictior
Scrambled-egg Slime, 392 Red Raspbery, 401 Spring Polypore, 283 Agaricus, 69
scutellata Scrambled-egg, 392 Spruce Saffron Lactarius, 104 Entoloma, 69
Scutellinia, 374 Slime Mold squamosus Nolanea, 69
scutellina Common, 397 Polyporus, 286 strictipes
Peziza, 374 Pipe-cleaner, 399 squarrosa-adiposa Collibia, 134
Scutellina Slippery Jack Pholiota, 158 Gymnopus, 134
erinaceus, 375 American, 232 squarrosoides Marasmius, 134
Scutellinia Slippery Jill, 236 Boletinus, 224 strictius
scutellata, 374 Small Staghorn, 319 Pholiota, 160 Entoloma, 69
setosa, 375 Smoky Polypore, 243 Staghorn strigosus
416
Lentinellus, 117 Polyporus, 271 Shelving, 333 tsugae
Lentinlus, 117 sulphureus var. cincinnatus Spreading Yellow, 267 Ganoderma, 256
strobilaceus Laetiporus, 271 Zonate, 263 Tubaria
Strobilomyces, 231 Sulphur-milk Lactarius, 112 Toothed Mushroom Fringed, 201
Strobilomyces sunstinei Ochre, 297 furfuracea, 201
confusus, 231 Meripilus, 274 Toothed Polypore tuberosa
floccopus, 231 Swamp Beacon, 359 Milk-white, 269 Collybia, 43
strobilaceus, 231 Sweet Spine, 265 tortilis Tuberous Collybia, 43
strombodes Syzygites Laccaria, 97 Tubifera
Chrysomphalina, 38 megalocarpus, 379 Trametes ferruginosa, 401
Clitocybe, 38 tabacina cervina, 306 tulipifera
Gerronema, 38 Pseudochaete, 291 conchifer, 288 Polyporus, 269
Omphalia, 38 tabacina elegans, 273 Tumbling Puffball, 318
Stropharia Hymenochaete, 291 hirsuta, 303 Turkey-tail, 305
bilamellata, 192 tabescens merisma, 304 False, 300
coronilla, 192 Armillaria, 27 pubescens, 304 Tylopilus
rugosoannulata, 193 Tapinella quercina, 304 alboater, 237
Wine-cap, 193 atrotomentosa, 194 velutina, 304 felleus, 238
stypticus panuoides, 195 versicolor, 305 plumbeoviolaceus, 239
Panus, 153 Tawny Grisette, 15 Trametopsis rubrobrunneus, 240
suaveolens Tender Nesting Polypore, 259 cervina, 306 Tyromyces
Hydnellum, 265 tenera Tree-Ear, 315 caesius, 289
subconnexa Conocybe, 45 Trembling Merulius, 275 chioneus, 309
Clitocybe, 42 Terana Tremella fragilis, 290
sublateritium caerulea, 380 foliacea, 381 umbonata
Hypholoma, 91 terreii lutescens, 382 Amanita, 17
Naematoloma, 91 Cystoderma, 66 mesenterica, 382 unicolor
subluteus terrestris Tremellodendron Cerrena, 244
Suillus, 236 Pholiota, 161 pallidum, 383 Uromyces
subnitulans Thelephora, 302 schweinitzii, 383 ari-triphylli, 384
Phyllotopsis, 163 terreum tremellosa ursinus
subvelutipes Tricholoma, 196 Phlebia, 275 Lentinellus, 116
Boletus, 220 theiogalus tremellosus vaginata
Suillus Lactarius, 112 Merulius, 275 Amanita, 23
americanus, 232 thejogalus Trichaptum variegates
castanellus, 224 Lactarius, 112 abietinum, 307 Coprinus, 52
Chicken-fat, 232 Thelephora biforme, 308 variipes
cothurnatus, 236 terrestris, 302 Trichia Boletus, 221
Granular-dotted, 233 Thick-maze Oak Polypore, 248 decipiens, 400 varius
granulatus, 233 Thin-maze Flat Polypore, 249 Tricholoma Polyporus, 287
pictus, 234 Tinder Polypore, 251 Earth-gray, 196 Varnish Cap, 256
pinorigidus, 236 Tippler’s Bane, 47 myomyces, 196 Varnish Shelf, 256
punctipes, 235 tomentosa pardinum, 197 Vase-shaped Puffball, 321
salmonicolor, 236 Onnia, 276 serratifolium, 198 Veiled Oyster, 164
Spicy, 235 tomentosus terreum, 196 Veiled Polypore, 247
spraguei, 234 Inonotus, 276 Tricholomopsis velutina
subluteus, 236 Polyporus, 276 decora, 199 Lacrimaria, 98
Sulphur Shelf, 271 Tooth platyphylla, 135 Psathyrella, 98
Sulphur Tuft, 90 Bear’s Head, 260 rutilans, 200 Trametes, 304
sulphureus Bearded, 261 Trumpets velutinum
Laetiporus, 271 Northern, 333 Black, 62 Hypholoma, 98
417
velutipes versiforme Warted Oak Polypore, 292 xerampelina
Collybia, 71 Chlorosplenium, 324 Wasp Nest Slime Mold, 395 Russula, 190
Flammulina, 71 versiformis Waxy Cap Xerocomus
Spathularia, 378 Chlorencoelia, 324 Bitter, 85 hortinii, 214
Spathulariopsis, 378 vesparium Chanterelle, 79 rubellus, 219
Velvet Blue Spread, 380 Metatrichia, 395 Fading Scarlet, 83 Xeromphalina
Velvet Paxillus, 194 vinaceorufescens Golden, 82 campanella, 202
Velvet Polypore Lactarius, 113 Nested, 87 cauticinalis, 203
Woolly, 276 violaceus Orange-gilled, 78 kauffmanii, 204
Velvet Shank, 71 Cortinarius, 61 Parrot, 84 Xerula
Velvet-footed Pax, 194 Violet Cort, 61 Scarlet, 80 furfuracea, 205
Velvety Fairy Fan, 378 Violet Toothed Polypore, 308 Snow White, 86 Xylaria
Velvety Psathyrella, 98 virescens White Cheese Polypore, 309 hypoxylon, 385
ventricosa Russula, 189 White Green-algae Coral, 361 polymorpha, 386
Catathelasma, 35 virginea White Jelly Fungus, 345 Xylobolus
ventricosum Hygrocybe, 86 White Oysterette, 36 frustulatus, 310
Catathelasma, 35 virgineus White Worm Coral, 328 Yellow Blusher, 14
vermicularis Hygrophorus, 86 White-egg Birds Nest, 334 Yellow Cushion Hypocrea, 347
Clavaria, 328 viridiflavus Wine-cap Stropharia, 193 Yellow Fairy Cups, 317
vermiculosoides Boletus, 207 Winter Polypore, 284 Yellow Jelly Baby, 353
Boletus, 222 virosa Witch’s Hat, 81 Yellow Latex Milky, 113
vermiculosus Amanita, 24 Witches’ Butter, 382 Yellow Morel, 360
Boletus, 223 volemus Wolf’s Milk, 394 Yellow Nolanea, 147
verna Lactarius, 114 Woodcrust Yellow Patches, 13
Nolanea, 70 volemus var. subrugosus Coral, 279 Yellow Pluteus, 167
vernum Lactarius, 102 Gelatinous, 275 Yellow Tooth
Entoloma, 70 Voluminous-latex Milky, 114 Woolly Velvet Polypore, 276 Spreading, 267
versicolor volvatus Worm Coral Yellow-red Gill Polypore, 257
Coriolus, 305 Cryptoporus, 247 Smoky, 327 Yellow-stalked Mycena, 138
Polyporus, 305 vulgare White, 328 Yellow-tippped Coral, 371
Polystictus, 305 Crucibulum, 334 Wrinkled Crust, 280 Zonate Tooth, 263
Stereum, 300 Scleroderma, 372 Xanthoconium
Trametes, 305 Walnut Mycena, 143 affine, 241
418

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Fungi and Slime Molds of Howard

County, MD This is NOT a guide to edible fungi.

Version one produced March 2010. Version two, March 2011.

In cooperation with the Howard County Bird Club,

This publication uses the preferred scientific names in Index Fungorum,

To be sure of the correct English or scientific name,

Based on Howard County field observations,

Photographs, with identifying information, left side of each page.

ID: Cap white/gray; smooth; convex (nearly flat in age). Stalk

Locations: GUIPK, RIVHL, RKBRP, SLMLP, WESRP.

ID: Cap white w/ grayish-brown scales; convex, flattened in age.

ID: Cap off-white, covered w/ pinkish-brown scales; convex

TOP: Rocky Gorge, 5/8/2010, S. Muller.

ID: Cap whitish-yellow (brown in age); moist, smooth; convex

ID: Cap brown/gray w/ patches; convex (flatter in age). Stalk

SIDE: Big Branch, 9/17/2008, J Solem. Notes: Do not taste!

ID: Cap greenish-yellow w/ warts (usually), smooth to sticky;

Notes: Do not taste!

TOP: Pigtail,10/6/2009, R Solem.

ID: Cap white/ivory w/ large warts; convex to nearly flat. Stalk w/

Notes: Do not taste!

Locations: FARMS, HIRIP, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP, ROGOR.

Notes: Do not taste!

ID: Yellow w/ or w/o warts/patches. Yellowish

Notes: Do not taste!

OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park, 7/28/2010, R Orr.

ID: Cap orange/brown, margin lighter. Stalk white; loose, sac-like

Notes: Do not taste!

TOP and VOLVA: North Laurel Park, 9/30/2008, J Solem.

Notes: Do not taste!

TOP: Rockburn Branch Park, 7/28/2010, J Solem.

ID: Cap yellow/orange, shiny to sticky; convex (flat in age). Stalk

Locations: LONGC, NOLAP, PIGTL, RKBRP.

Notes: Do not taste!

Notes: Do not taste!

ID: Red/red-orange w/ or w/o warts/patches. Yellowish

Notes: Do not taste!

BUTTON: Pigtail, 8/31/2010, R Orr.

ID: Cap white w/ patches/ warts; hemispheric (flatter in age). Stalk

Notes: Do not taste!

SIDE: (note quarter for size): Rocky Gorge, 9/19/2009, R Solem.

ID: Cap brownish-gray (w/ possibly a few gray warts). Stalk

SIDE: High Ridge Park, 6/23/2009, R Solem. Notes: Do not taste!

ID: Cap tan w/ lighter warts. Stalk white/pale pink; membranous

SIDE: High Ridge Park, 6/21/2009, R Solem.

ID: Cap grayish-brown; convex (flat/depressed in age); margin

ID: Cap white (discolored center?), shiny to sticky; convex (flatter

Notes: Do not taste!

ID: Cap gray-brown; convex (depressed in age). Base

OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park,10/18/2010, R Orr.

ID: Cap yellowish-brown, center darker. Stalk lighter,

SIDE: MPENA,10/3/2009, R Solem.

ID: Cap orangish-brown w/ fibers, broad umbo. Strong pleasant

Locations: CEDLP, CENPK, MPENA, NOLAP, RKBRP, SLMLP.

HABITAT and OVERALL: Rockburn Branch Park, 8/1/2010, R Orr.

ID: Cap cinnamon; convex, flesh thin. Long white mycelium at

CAP (on pine cone): Rockburn Branch Park, 11/23/2010, J Solem.

ID: Cap and gills lavender; convex, flatter in age.

ID: Cap purplish-red. Gills pinkish-/purplish-red. Metallic

ID: Cap yellow-orange; flat (somewhat depressed in age). Blunt

Locations: BIGBR, HENPV, HIRIP, LONGC, PIGTL, WINTR.

ID: Cap salmon-red, fades; convex/funnel-shaped in age. Blunt

ID: Cap yellow-orange, flat (depressed; fades in age). Smooth or