Professional Documents
Culture Documents
For help in diagnosing and controlling plant diseases contact your Coun-
ty Ag Comissioners (CA) or county extension agent, your state Diagnostic
Lab, your state Department of Agriculture or your Cooperative Extension
Specialist.
Fasciation. Joining side by side; a plant disease with flattened and some-
times curved shoots.
Fascicle. A small bundle or cluster.
Filiform. Threadlike.
Fimbriate. Fringed, or toothed.
Flag. A branch with dead leaves on an otherwise green tree.
Flagellum, pl. Flagella. Whiplike organ on a motile cell; cilium.
Fruiting Body. Fungus structure containing or bearing spores; mushroom,
pycnidium, perithecium, apothecium, etc.
Fumigant. A volatile disinfectant, destroying organisms by vapor.
Fungicide. Chemical or physical agent that kills or inhibits fungi.
Fungi Imperfecti. Fungi that have not been connected with the perfect or
sexual stage; most are imperfect states of Ascomycetes.
Fungistatic. An agent preventing development of fungi without killing
them.
Fungus, pl. Fungi. An organism with no chlorophyll, reproducing by sexual
or asexual spores, usually with mycelium with well-marked nuclei.
Fusiform. Spindle-like, narrowing toward the ends.
Fusoid. Somewhat fusiform.
Haustorium, pl. Haustoria. Special hyphal branch extended into living cell
for purpose of absorbing food (Fig. 3.41).
Heteroecious. Undergoing different parasitic stages on two unlike hosts, as
in the rusts.
Heterothallic. Of a fungus, sexes separate in different mycelia.
Holocarpic. Having all the thallus used for a fruiting body.
Homothallic. Both sexes present in same mycelium.
Host. Any plant attacked by a parasite.
Hyaline. Colorless, or nearly transparent.
Hymenium. Spore-bearing layer of a fungus fruiting body.
Hyperplastic. Term applied to a disease producing an abnormally large
number of cells.
Hypha, pl. Hyphae. Single thread of a fungus mycelium.
Hypoplastic. Term applied to a disease with subnormal cell production.
Hyphopodium, pl. Hyphopodia. More or less lobed appendage to a hypha.
Hysterothecium. Oblong or linear perithecium, sometimes considered an
apothecium, opening by a cleft.
Immune. Exempt from disease; having qualities that do not permit infection.
Immunization. Process of increasing the resistance of a living organism.
Imperfect Fungus. One lacking any sexual reproductive state.
Imperfect State. State of life-cycle in which asexual spores, or none, are pro-
duced. See Anamorph.
Incubation Period. Time between inoculation and development of symp-
toms that can be seen.
Indehiscent. Of fruit bodies, not opening, or with no special method.
Infection. Process of beginning or producing disease.
1156 Glossary
Infection Court. Place where an infection may take place, as leaf, fruit, petal,
etc.
Injury. Result of transient operation of an adverse factor, as an insect bite,
or action of a chemical.
Innate. Bedded in, immersed.
Inoculation. Placing of inoculum in infection court.
Inoculum. Pathogen or its part, as spores, fragments of mycelium, etc., that
can infect plants.
Inoperculate. Not opening by a lid.
Intercellular. Between cells.
Intracellular. Within cells.
Intumescence. Knoblike or pustulelike outgrowth of elongated cells on
leaves, stems, etc., caused by environmental disturbances.
Lamella. Gill.
Lesion. Localized spot of diseased tissue.
Locule. A cavity, especially one in a stroma.
Obligate Parasite. A parasite that can develop only in living tissues, with no
saprophytic stage.
Obovate. Inversely ovate, narrowest at base.
Obtuse. Rounded or blunted, greater than a right angle.
Oogonium, pl. Oogonia. Female sex organ in the Oomycetes (Fig. 2.1).
Oomycetes. Subclass of the Phycomycetes, gametangia of unequal size.
Oospore. Resting spore formed in a fertilized oogonium.
Operculate. With a cover or lid, as in some asci.
Ostiole. Porelike mouth or openings in papilla or neck of a perithecium or
pycnidium.
Phialide. A cell that develops one or more open ends from which a basipetal
succession of conidia develops without an increase in length of the
phialide itself.
Physiogenic Disease. Caused by unfavorable environmental factors.
Physiologic Races. Pathogens of same variety and species structurally the
same but differing in physiological behavior, especially in ability to par-
asitize a given host.
Phytopathology. Plant pathology, science of plant disease.
Phytoplasma. A MLO that is pathogenic to plants.
Pileus. Hymenium-supporting part of a fruit body of a higher fungus; the
cap of a mushroom.
Primary Infection. First infection by a pathogen after going through a rest-
ing or dormant period.
Prokaryotic. Organisms which lack a true nucleus; includes bacteria and
mycoplasmalike organisms.
Promycelium. Basidium of rusts and smuts.
Pulvinate. Cushionlike in form.
Pycnidium, pl. Pycnidia. Flasklike fruiting body containing conidia.
Pycnium. Spermagonium in the rusts, the 0 stage, resembling a pycnidium
(Fig. 3.55).
Teleomorph. State of life-cycle in which spores are formed after nuclear fis-
sion.
Teliospore. Winter or resting form of rust spore, from which basidium is
produced (Figs. 3.54, 3.55, 3.56).
Telium. Sorus producing teliospores.
Thallophyte. One of the simpler plants, belonging to the algae, bacteria, fun-
gi, slime molds, or lichens.
Thallus. Vegetative body of a thallophyte.
Tolerant. Capable of sustaining disease without serious injury or crop loss.
Toxin. Poison formed by an organism.
Tylosis pl. Tyloses. Cell outgrowth into cavity of xylem vessel, plugging it.
Bailey LH, Ethel ZB (compilers) (1941) Hortus second. The MacMillan Company, New
York
Baker KF (ed) (1957) The U.C. System for Producing Healthy Container-grown plants.
California Agricultural Experimental Station Manual 23, 332 pp
Barnett HL, Hunter BB (1998) Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. 4th edn. Burgess
Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 218 pp
Bawden FC (1964) Plant Viruses and Virus Diseases, 4th edn. The Ronald Press Com-
pany, New York
Beemster ABR, Dijkstra J (eds) (1966) Viruses of Plants. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New
York
Bessey EA (1950) Morphology and Taxonomy of Fungi. The Blakiston Company,
Philadelphia, PA. And Hafner Publishing Co., 1961
Birchfield W (1957) The burrowing nema situation in Florida. J Econom Entomol
50:562–566
Bisby GR (1945) An Introduction to the Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Fungi. Com-
monwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England
Boyce JS (1961) Forest Pathology, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New
York
Brandes GA, Tulio MC, Skiles RL (eds) (1959) Compendium of Plant Diseases. Rohm
& Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA
Bray DF (1958) Gas Injury to Shade Trees. Sci Tree Topics 2(5):19–22. Bartlett Tree
Research Laboratories, Stamford, CT
Brierley P (1944) Viruses described primarily on ornamental or miscellaneous plants.
Plant Disease Reporter Supplement 150:410–482
Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallvitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L (1996) Virus of Plants. Descrip-
tions and List from the VIDE Database. CAB International, University Press, Cam-
bridge, pp 1484
Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (1974) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th
edn. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD
Buhrer EM (1954) Common names of some important plant pathogenic nematodes.
Plant Disease Reporter 38:535–541
Burkholder WH (1957) In Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edn. The
Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, pp. 89–183, 288–292, 349–359,
579–597
Burnett, HC (1965) Orchid Diseases. State of Florida Dept. of Agriculture, Div. of Plant
Industry, Vol. I, No. 3, Gainesville, FL
Cairns EJ et al (1954) Symposium on new developments and new problems concerning
nematodes in the South. Plant Disease Reporter Supplement 227:75–107
Campana R, chairman (1957) Guide for community-wide control of Dutch elm disease.
Midwestern Chapter, National Shade Tree Conference
Caroselli NE (1957) Verticillium Wilt of Maples. Rhode Island Agriculture Experiment
Station Bulletin 335:3–84
Carter JC (1964) Illinois Trees: Their Diseases. IL National History Survey Circular 46.
Urbana, IL. Rev.
1166 Selected Bibliography
Darrow GM, McGrew JR, Scott DH (1957) Reducing Virus and Nematode Damage to
Strawberry Plants. USDA Leaflet 414
Davies RE, Sinclair WA (1998) Phytoplasma identity and disease etiology. Phytopathol-
ogy 88:1372–1379
Davis RE, Whitcomb RF, Steere RL (1968) Remission of aster yellows disease by antibi-
otics. Science 161(3843):793–795
Davis SH, Hamilton CC (1955) Diseases and Insect Pests of Rhododendron and Azalea.
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Circular 571
Dickson JG (1956) Diseases of Field Crops, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company,
Inc., New York
Dickson RC (1955) A working list of the names of aphid vectors. Plant Disease Report
39:445–452
Diener TO (1979) Viroids and Viroid Diseases. John Wiley & Sons, NY, pp 252
— (1987) The Viroids. Plenum Press, NY, pp 344
Dimock AW (1953) The Gardener’s ABC of Pest and Disease. M. Barrows and Compa-
ny, Inc., New York
Dimock AW et al (1975) 1975 Cornell Recommendations for Commercial Floriculture
Crops. N.Y. State College of Agriculture, Ithaca, NY
Dimond AE, Stoddard EM (1955) Toxicity to Greenhouse Roses from paints Containing
Mercury Fungicides. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 595
Dittmer DS (ed) (1959) Handbook of Toxicology, Vol V: Fungicides. W. B. Saunders
Co., Philadelphia, PA
Dochinger LS (1957) Verticillium wilt, its nature and control. Proc. National Shade Tree
Conference 33:202–212
Doolittle SP, Taylor AL, Danielson LL (1961) Tomato Disease and Their Control. USDA
Agriculture Handbook 203
Dowson WJ (1957) Plant Diseases Due to Bacteria, 2nd edn. Cambridge University
Press, New York
Drews-Alvarez R. (2003) Fungi Blackspot, in Encyclopedia of Rose Science, in 3 vol-
umes, 1800 pp
Duddington CL (1957) The Friendly Fungi. A New Approach to the Eelworm problem.
Faber and Faber, London
Elliott C (1952) Manual of Bacterial Plant Pathogens, rev. edn. The Williams and
Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD
Emsweller SL, Brierley P, Smith FF (1963) Roses for the Home. USDA Home and
Garden Bulletin 25
Engelhard AW (1957) Host index of Verticillium albo-atrum. Reinke & Berthe. Plant
Disease Report Supplement 244:23–49
Esau K (1961) Plants, Viruses, and Insects. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Fauquet CM, Berthiaume L, Ackermann HW, Calisher CH, Goldbach R, Payment P
(1995) Introduction to the universal system of virus taxonomy. Archives Virology
Supplement 10:1–18
Fauquet CM, Martelli GP (1995) Updated ICTV list of names and abbreviations of virus-
es, viroids and satellites infecting plants. Archives Virology 140:393–413
1168 Selected Bibliography
Fawcett HS (1936) Citrus Diseases and Their Control, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Book
Company, Inc., New York
Felt EP, Rankin RH (1932) Insects and Diseases of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. The
Macmillan Company, New York
Fenska RE (1954) Tree Experts Manual, 2nd edn. A T De La Mare Company, Inc, New
York
Filipev IN, Schuurmans Stekoven JH (1941) A Manual of Agricultural Helminthology.
E J Brill Co, Leiden, Holland
Fischer GW (1953) Manual of the North American Smut Fungi. The Ronald Press Com-
pany, New York
Fischer GW, Holton CS (1957) Biology and Control of the Smut Fungi. The Ronald
Press Company, New York
Fitzpatrick HM (1930) The Lower Fungi – Phycomycetes. McGraw-Hill Book Compa-
ny, Inc, New York
Forsberg JL (1975) Diseases of Ornamental Plants. Univ. of Illinois, College of Agricul-
ture Special Publ. No 3, Urbana, lL
Fowler ME, Gravatt GF (1945) Reducing Damage to Trees from Construction Work.
USDA Agricultural Farmers Bulletin 1957
Frear DEH (ed) (1968) Pesticide Handbook Entoma, 20th edn. College Science Publish-
ers, State College, PA (Revised each year, this edition lists 9486 pesticides by trade
names and formulae.)
— (1955) Chemistry of the Pesticides, 3rd edn. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Prince-
ton, NJ
Gambrell FL, Gilmer RM (1956) Insects and Diseases of Fruit Nursery Stocks and Their
Control. NY (Geneva) Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 776
Garrett SD (1944) Root Disease Fungi. Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, MA
Gilman JC (1957) A Manual of Soil Fungi, 2nd edn. Iowa State College Press, Ames,
IA
Gleason ML, Helland SJ (2003) Fungi: Botrytis, in Encyclopedia of Rose Science, in 3
volumes, 1800 pp
Golden AM (1956) Taxonomy of the Spiral Nematodes (Rotylenchus and Stelicoty-
lenchus) and the Developmental Stages and Host Parasite Relationships of R. bux-
ophilus n. sp. Attacking Boxwood. University of Maryland Bulletin A-85
Golden AM, Taylor AL (1956) Rotylenchus christiei, n. sp., a new spiral nematode asso-
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Goodey T (1933) Plant Parasitic Nematodes and the Diseases They Cause. E. P. Dutton
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— (1963) Soil and Fresh Water Nematodes, 2nd edn. Methuen & Co., Ltd., London,
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Goodman RN, Kiraly Z, Zaitlin M (1967) The Biochemistry and Physiology of Infec-
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Gould CJ (ed) (1957) Handbook on Bulb Growing and Forcing. Northwest Bulb Grow-
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Selected Bibliography 1169
Gould CJ, Harris MR, Eade GW. Disease of Ornamentals. Washington State University,
Agricultural Extension Mimeograph 683
Gram E, Weber A (1953) Plant Diseases in Orchard, Nursery and Garden Crops. Ed. and
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Hedden OK, Wilson JD, Sleesman JP (1966) Equipment for Applying Soil Pesticides.
USDA Agriculture Handbook 297
Hepting GH (1968) Diseases of Forest and Shade Trees of the United States. Distributed
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1170 Selected Bibliography
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Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 308
Hubert FP (1951) Common names of diseases of woody plants. Plant Disease Report
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Hutchinson MT (1959) Crop rustling nematodes cost $15 million yearly. New Jersey
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Irons F (1967) Hand Sprayers and Dusters. USDA Home and Garden Bulletin 63
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Jenkins WR, Taylor DP (1967) Plant Nematology. Reinhold Publishing Corporation,
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Crop Plants in Maryland. University of Maryland Bulletin A-89
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of Control. USDA Circular 931
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30:194–201
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Selected Bibliography 1171
Lentz PL (1955) Stereum and Allied Genera of Fungi in the Upper Mississippi Valley.
USDA monograph 24
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2069
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Maramorosch K, Shikata E, Granapos RR (1968) Mycoplasma-like bodies in leathop-
pers and diseased plants. Phytopathology 58:886
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Marshall RP, Waterman AM (1948) Common Diseases of Important Shade Trees. USA
Farmers Bulletin 1987
Martelli GP (1992) Classification and nomenclature of plant viruses: state of the art.
Plant Disease 76:436–442
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pp 497–519
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— (1965) Rusts of Juniper, flowering crabapple and hawthorn. American Horticultural
Magazine 44:29–32
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sification and nomenclature. Archives Virology 143:1645–1654
McFadden LA (1961) Palm diseases. Am Horticult Mag 40:148–150
McGrew JR (1966) Strawberry Diseases. USDA Farmers Bulletin 2140
Meister RT (ed) (1967) Farm Chemicals; 1967 Handbook. Meister Publishing Company,
Willoughby, OH (Revised each year)
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New York
Miller HN (1955) Investigations with Antibiotics for Control of Bacterial Diseases of
Foliage Plants. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. J Series 420
Mills WD, Laplante AA (1954) Diseases and Insects in the Orchard. Cornell Extension
Bulletin 711
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culture Miscellaneous Publications 725
Moore WC (1939) Diseases of bulbs. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (Great
Britain) Bulletin 117
Murphy FA, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Ghabrial SA, Jarivs AW, Martelli GP, Mayo
MA, Summers MD (1995) Virus taxonomy, classification and nomenclature of
1172 Selected Bibliography
Weiss, Freeman (1940) Ovulinia, a new generic segregate from Sclerotinia. Phytopathol-
ogy 30:236–244
— (1945) Viruses described primarily on leguminous vegetables and forage crops. Plant
Disease Reporter Supplement 155:82–140
— (1945) Viruses, virus diseases and similar maladies on potatoes, Solanum tuberosum.
Plant Disease Reporter Supplement 155:82–140
Welch DS, Matthysse JG (1955) Control of the Dutch Elm Disease in New York State,
Cornell Extension Bulletin 932
Westcott C (1953) Garden Enemies. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, NJ
— (1961) Are You Your Garden’s Worst Pest? Doubleday and Company, Inc., New York
— (1964) The Gardener’s Bug Book. 3rd edn. Doubleday and Company
— (1965) Anyone Can Grow Roses, 4th edn. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc
Westcott C, Walker JT (eds) (1966) Handbook on Garden Pests. Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, Brooklyn, NY
Whetzel HH (1945) A synopsis of the genera and species of the Sclerotiniaceae, a family
of stromatic inoperculate Discomycetes. Mycologia 37:648–714
Wolf FA, Wolf FT (1947) The Fungi. Vols. I, II. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
Xu, X, Pettitt T (2003) Fungi: Downy Mildew, in Encyclopedia of Rose Science, in 3
volumes, 1800 pp
Zaumeyer WJ, Thomas HR (1958) Bean Diseases and Their Control. USDA Farmers
Bulletin Dept. of Botany 1692
Zundel GL (1953) The Ustilaginales of the World. Dept. Botany, Penn State College
Contribution 176
Let me repeat that the references cited are a mere sampling of the vast
amount of material published on plant diseases. Most plant pathologists will
have access to the Plant Disease Reporter, Plant Disease, Phytopatholo-
gy, Review of Applied Mycology, Mycologia, Biological Abstracts, Journal
of Economic Entomology, Agricultural Chemicals, NAC News, Arborists’
News, Proceedings of the International Shade Tree Conference, and other
technical publications. Gardeners will find information on plant diseases in
the publications of single plant societies, such as the American Camellia
Society and the American Rose Society. State agricultural experiment sta-
tions have a wealth of material. Government publications are available from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash-
ington, DC 20402 http://www.gpo.gov/su_docs/index.html.
Index
oakesii 224, 751, 909, 980 Alternaria 150, 218, 303, 456, 1048
spinulosus 930 alternata 150, 303, 456, 711, 771,
werii 930 896, 945, 978, 999, 1112, 1131,
Aleurodiscus spp. 731, 838, 908 1144
Alfalfa angustiovoidea 303, 1085
arborescens 711, 896, 1130
Dwarf 884
Blight 151–153
Mosaic 713, 745, 783, 808, 990, 996,
brassicae 303, 767, 796, 911, 973,
1029, 1035, 1095, 1098, 1121
1043, 1119
Mosaic Alfamovirus 603
brassicae var. microspora 1052
Alfamovirus 70 brassicicola 303, 304, 767, 1108
Algal Spot 308 cassiae 150, 783, 819
Algerian Navel Orange 805 catalpae 304, 785
Alkali Injury 415 chrysanthemi 304, 802, 1107
Alkalinity 415 citri 304, 456, 723, 803, 804, 891,
Allamanda 710 929, 991
Alliaria (Garlic Mustard) 710 citri var. cerasi 792
Alligatorweed consortiale 821
Stunting Closterovirus 603 crassa 828
Allionia (Trailing Four-O’Clock) 710 cucumerina 151, 821, 960, 1086,
1133
Allium altaicum 986
dauci 151, 782, 996
Allium pskemense 986
dauci f. sp. solani 872
Allium vavilovii 986
dianthi 780, 833, 946
Allspice dianthicola 152
(Pimenta) 710 fasciculata 304, 1054
Almond helianthi 152, 1097
(Prunus amygdalus) 711 iridicola 918
Bud Failure 603, 711 lancipes 1037
Calico 603, 711 leucanthemi 304
Flowering (Prunus triloba) 712 longipes 304, 978
Scab 571 mali 456, 721, 1041
Aloe 712 nelumbii 944
Alpakesa yuccifolia 344 oleracea 304, 796, 906, 911, 1043,
1066, 1119
Alphacryptovirus 70
oleraceae 767
Alstroemeria 712
panax 152, 304, 725, 834, 874, 1065,
mosaic 712 1119
Mosaic Potyvirus and Alstromeria passiflorae 304, 998
Streak Potyvirus 603 polypodii 304, 857
streak 712 porri 218, 985, 1069
Alternanthera 712 radicina 456, 782, 1086
Mosaic 862, 969, 1071 raphani 305, 1043, 1091, 1119
Mosaic Potexvirus 603 Rot 456
1180 Index
Anise tiliae 84
(Pimpinella anisum) 717 veneta 84
Anise-Tree Apioplagiostoma populi 1031
(Illicium floridanum) 717 Apioporthe 225
Anisogramma anomala 225, 895 anomala 225, 895
Annellophora 305 apiospora 225, 844
phoenicis 305, 991 Apiosporina 134, 139
Anoda 717 collinsii 139, 714
Anther Smut 591 morbosa 134
Anthracnose 87–91, 96, 327 Apiosporium
Anthriscus (Chervil) 718 pinophilum 924
Anthurium 718 Aplopsora 536
Antidesma (Chinese-Laurel) 718 nyssae 536, 1119
Aphanomyces 457 Aposphaeria
cladogamus 457, 995, 1082, 1112 fuscomaculans 261
cochlioides 457, 749 Apostrasseria
euteiches 457, 787, 999, 1084, 1101 (Ceuthospora) 466
eutiches 745, 959 lunata 466
raphani 458, 768, 796, 906, 973, Appendiculella
1043, 1066 araliae 141
Aphanomyces sp. 1012 calostroma 141
Aphelandra (Zebra plant) 718 perseae 141
Aphelenchoides 386 Apple
besseyi 386, 1056, 1093 (Malus sylvestris) 718
fragariae 386, 716, 724, 738, 750, Blotch 221
759, 771, 809, 824, 845, 854–857, Canker 266, 267
901, 911, 929, 937, 946, 968, 974, Chlorotic Leaf Spot 722, 1006
1016, 1021, 1032, 1038, 1058, Chlorotic Leaf Spot Trichovirus 604
1073, 1093 Dapple 604
parietinus 387, 918, 964 Green Mottle 604
ritzemabosi 387, 389, 707, 716, 735, Mosaic 722, 896, 1006, 1054, 1094
800, 826, 881, 945, 964, 1010, Mosaic Ilarvirus 604
1067, 1144, color plates 11, 12 Rot 114
subtenuis 389, 974 Scab 576
tagetae 956 Stem Grooving Capillovirus 604
Aphelenchoides sp. 776, 818, 837, 871, Stem Growing 722
914, 1003 Stem-Pitting 604
Aphelenchoides spp. 1053 Apple-Of-Peru
Aphelenchus (Nicandra) 722
agricola 716 Apricot
avenae 974 (Prunus armeniaca) 723
Apical Leaf Roll 1035 Gummosis 605, 724
Apiognomonia 84 Pucker Leaf 724
errabunda 84 Ring Pox 605, 724, 1027
1182 Index
cucurbitarum 166, 743, 821, 859, ledi var. cassandrae 537, 790, 1084
983, 1011, 1015, 1086, 1101, ledi var. groenlandici 537
1126 ledi var. rhododendri 537, 1049
infundibulifera 166, 901, 922, 1078 ledicola 537, 932, 1084
persicaria 1001 moneses 537
Choanephora sp. 1144 piperiana 537, 1049, 1084
Choanephoraceae 51 pirolata 537, 966, 1084
Chocolate Leaf Spot 308 roahensis 1049
Chokeberry (Aronia) 798 roanensis 1084
Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) 798 weirii 538, 1084
Chondropodium 229 Chrysopsis (Golden Aster) 801
pseudotsugae 229, 838 Chytridiomycota 47
Chondrostereum Ciberinia
purpureum 528 camelliae 209
Christie’s Spiral Nematode 409 Ciboria 166
Christie’s Stubby Root Nematode 409 acerina 166
Christmas Berry (Heteromeles arbutifo-
carunculoides 166, 972
lia) 799
Ciborinia 167, 315
Christmas Cactus (Zygocactus trunca-
acerina 953
tus) 799
bifrons 1031
Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger) 799
candolleana 980
Christmasberry
confundens 1031
Scab 573, 574
erythronii 167, 849
Chrysanthemum
foliicola 1137
(Dendranthema grandiflora) 800
Aspermy 621 gracilipes 949
B Carlavirus 622 gracilis 167, 849
Chlorotic Mottle Viroid 621, 801 seaveri 316
Flower Distortion 621, 801 trillii 1114
Foliar Nematode 387 violae 1127
Leaf Spot 321, 359 whetzelii 315
Mosaic 622, 801 wisconsinensis 1137
Ring Spot 622, 801 Cimicifuga (Bugbane, Black
Rosette 622, 801 Cohosh) 801
Rust 566 Cinchona 801
Stunt 801, 802 Cineraria
Stunt Viroid 622 (Senecio) 801
Chrysomyxa 537 Mosaic 622, 802
arctostaphyli 537, 747, 1084 Cinnamon-Tree (Cinnamomum zey-
cassandrae 716 landicum) 802
chiogenis 537, 797 Cintractia 583
empetri 537, 820, 1084 luzulae 1140
ilicina 537, 904 Cirsium (Plumed Thistle) 802
ledi 537, 932, 1084 Cissus 802
Index 1205
Clasterosporium Clitocybe
cornigerum 909 monadelpha 468, 1001, 1039
Clasterosporium sp. 719 olearia 981, 1025
Clausena (Wampi) 805 parasitica 903, 1001
Clavariaceae 61 Root Rot 467, 468
Clavibacter tabescens 468, 700, 704, 705, 721,
agcopyri 101 724, 726, 737, 738, 740, 770, 774,
cassiicola 1029 776–778, 784, 786, 790, 791, 794,
fascians 101, 780, 800, 871, 892, 797, 804, 811, 812, 815, 818, 825,
896, 915, 975, 1015, 1016, 1040, 836, 842, 845, 849, 850, 877, 884,
1069, 1091, 1100 891, 893, 902, 904, 908, 913, 921,
flaccumfaciens 101, 743, 1078 922, 925, 944, 946, 949, 951, 954,
humiferum 101, 1030 981, 983, 992, 993, 996, 1001,
ilicis 903 1008, 1018, 1021, 1025, 1028–
michiganense 101, 763, 766, 789, 1030, 1039, 1053, 1062, 1090,
828, 841, 890, 923, 1011, 1033, 1092, 1096, 1099, 1100, 1105,
1060, 1110, 1114 1109, 1118, 1126, 1135
michiganense subsp. michiga- Clivia 807
nense 101 Closterovirus 71
michiganense subsp. sepe- Cloudy Spot 498, 1111
donicum 102 Clove Rot 503
poinsettiae 102, 1029 Clover 1000
sepedonicum 102, 748, 1033 (Alsike) Mosaic = Clover Yellows Vein
xyli subsp. cynodontis 103, 885 Potyvirus 625
xyli subsp. xyli 103 (Red) Vein Mosaic Carlavirus 625
Claviceps (Trifolium incarnatum, T. pratense, T.
africana 924 repens, T. stoloniferum, T. subter-
cynodontis 886 raneum, T. vesiculosum) 807
microcephala 886 Club Leaf 625
purpurea 741, 886, 1028, 1050 Cyst Nematode 398
Clavicipitaceae 55 Dodder 274
Claytonia (Spring Beauty) 806 Proliferation 131, 1092
Clematis Proliferation Subgroup A Phytoplas-
Leaf 306 ma 745
Leaf Spot 321 Wound Tumor Phytoreovirus 626
Clematis (including Virgins-Bower) 806 Yellow Edge 1092
Cleome (Spider-Flower) 806 Yellow Edge Phytoplasma 896
Clerodendron Zonate Ring Spot 625 Yellow Mosaic 808, 1124
Clerodendrum (Glorybower) 807 Yellow Mosaic Potexvirus 625
Clethra (Sweet Pepperbush, White- Yellow Vein 745, 783, 889, 1029,
Alder) 807 1138
Climacoden septentrionalis 528 Yellow Vein Mosaic 626
Clinopodium (Basil-Weed) 807 Club Root 268
Clintonia 807 Clypeolella leemingii 867
Index 1207
galactinum 471, 712, 721, 754, 807, Leaf Curl Bigeminivirus 627
832, 836, 904, 922, 946, 971, 981, Root Rot 506, 508
1096 Cotton Root-Knob Nematode 403
koleroga 167 Cottony Rot 526
laetum 718 Coursetia 816
microsclerotia 167 Covered Kernel Smut 586
radiosum 471 Covered Smut 589
salmonicolor 167, 718, 858, 1004 Cowania 816
stevensii 167 Cowpea
vagum 167 (Vigna sinensis) 816
Corydalis 814 Aphid-Borne Mosaic 816
Corynebacterium Canker 128, 130
agropyri 103 Chlorotic Mottle 745, 1004, 1095
humiferum 103 Mosaic 1080
Coryneform Group Mycobacteri- Mosaic Comovirus 627
aceae 101 Severe Mosaic 816
Coryneliaceae 54 Cowpea Mosaic 747, 903
Corynespora 319, 471
Crabapple
cassiicola 471
Flowering (Malus) 816
Corynespora cassiicola 319, 738, 784,
Cracked Stem 422, 787
859, 914, 940, 945, 983, 1029, 1038,
Crackneck 800
1068, 1078, 1079, 1109, 1111, 1127,
Cranberry
1133
(Vaccinium, subgenus Oxycoc-
Coryneum 168
cus) 817
asperulum 825
Bitter Rot 487
beierincki 784
Blotch Rot 455
berckmansii 168, 726, 727, 825
Blight 168, 169 Early Rot 487, 488
Canker 232 End Rot 487
cardinale 232, 726, 727, 825, False Blossom 627, 818
916, 925 Hard Rot 496
carpophilum 168, 711, 723, 792, 976, Ring Spot 818
1000, 1026 Rose Bloom 290
foliicola 232, 719, 1005 Crape-Myrtle
japonicum 980 (Lagerstroemia) 818
microstictum 168, 756, 1088 Powdery Mildew 453
negundinis 759 Crassula 818
rhododendri 1049 Creeping Zinnia
tumoricola 844 (Sanvitalia procumbens) 819
Cosmopolitan 463 Creosote Bush (Larrea) 819
Cosmos 815 Cribropeltis 286
Cotoneaster 815 Cribropeltis citrullina 286, 1133
Cotton Criconella
(Gossypium) 815 xenoplax 390
Index 1211
ranunculi 716, 1045 839, 841, 843, 846, 853, 875, 911,
serotinum 930, 962 913, 918, 933, 937, 960, 984, 987,
thalictri 958 996, 997, 1004, 1033, 1043, 1050,
veronicae 1125 1061, 1063, 1081, 1092, 1097,
winteri 830 1101, 1110, 1116, 1119
wyomingense 830 carotovora pv. 926
Entylomella armoraciae 354 carotovora pv. atroseptica 1033
Ephelis sp. 1008 carotovora pv. carotovora 1011, 1086
Epichloe typhina 886 carotovora pv. chrysanthemi 1029
Epicoccum 243, 299, 325, 476, 1007 carotovora subsp. atroseptica
asterinum 326, 1142 107, 108
granulatum 721 carotovora subsp. carotovora 107,
neglectum 993 108, 969
nigrum 243, 326, 476, 948, 960 carotovora var. carotovora 782
purpurascens 713, 737, 874 carotovorus 821
Epicoccum sp. 299, 744, 756, 1079 chrysanthemi 109, 782, 800, 1016,
Epifagus virginiana 747 1110, color plate 6
Epigaea (Mayflower, Trailing Arbu- cypripedii 109, 987
tus) 847 cytolitica 826
Epilobium dieffenbachiae 833
(Willow-Herb, Fireweed) 847 dissolvens 813
Episcia 848 herbicola 109, 839, 892
Epoxiconazole 20 nigrifluens 1130
Eradicant 11 nimipressuralis 109, 844, 980, 1136
Eranthemum 848 quercina 980
Eremothecium coryli 1112 rhapontica 110
Erigeron (Fleabane) 848 rhapontici 743, 795, 933, 998, 1050
Erinose 1131 rubrifaciens 1130
Eriophyllum 848 stewartii 110, 813
Erostrotheca multiformis 374, 1101 tracheiphila 110, 821, 960, 1133
Ersiphe polygoni 826 Erwinia sp. 960, 1133
Eruca sativa 768 Eryngium (Rattlesnake Master) 849
Erwinia Erysiphe 441
amylovora 104, 712, 714, 718, 723, aggregata 442, 709
792, 793, 798, 815, 816, 894, 916, azaleae 738
944, 959, 969, 1004, 1017, 1026, berberidis 974
1039, 1041, 1042, 1045, 1083, cichoracearum color plate 9
1092 convolvuli var. convolvuli 751
aroideae 770, 773, 796, 821, 843, cruciferarum 444, 768, 1120
960, 996, 1011, 1033, 1063, 1086, galeopsidis 1071, 1088
1110, 1133 graminis 444, 762, 887
carnegieana 106, 769 heraclei 444, 782, 787, 996
carotovora 732, 743, 767, 768, 770, knautiae 1065
773, 782, 787, 800, 824, 826, 829, orontii 444
Index 1223
oxysporum f. sp. rhois 1096 819, 824, 828, 834, 842, 851, 865,
oxysporum f. sp. sedi 1066 871, 878, 880, 902, 913, 927–929,
oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae 691, 1082 934, 942, 945, 956, 964, 965, 969,
oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum 691, 973, 995, 1010, 1015, 1029, 1030,
801, 816, 1080 1055, 1061, 1063, 1067, 1074, 1095,
oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum 745, 1103, 1116, 1123, 1125, 1144
983, 1101 Fusarium spp. 719, 749, 756, 782, 804,
oxysporum var. redolens 483, 1021 813, 821, 829, 844, 865, 888, 953,
Patch 592 960, 991, 1001, 1004, 1012, 1035,
poae 483, 833 1036, 1053, 1087, 1094, 1102, 1145
proliferatum 483, 732, 807, 912, 986, Fusicladium 326
1085 angelicae 717, 900, 1103, 1105
Root Rot 483 aplectri 988
roseum 483, 820, 827, 1069 cerasi 793
roseum acuminatum 911 dendriticum 573
roseum f. sp. 885 eriobotryae 573, 944
roseum f. sp. sambucinum 838 levieri 1014
sambucinum 908, 1035 photinicola 573
sarcochroum 942 pisicola 326, 999
scirpi 761, 851, 875, 1079, 1133 pyracanthae 573, 1040
semitectum 483, 960 robiniae 326, 942
solani 179, 244, 483, 691, 707, 710, saliciperdum 573, 1138
721, 726, 746, 760, 762, 769, 771, staticis 1090
795, 800, 804, 825, 827, 833, 838, Fusicoccum 244, 1024
843, 861, 865, 870, 898, 912, 980, amygdali 244, 1001
981, 986, 1003, 1012, 1021, 1029, elaeagni 244, 842, 1058
1031, 1035, 1065, 1069, 1080, putrefaciens 756
1082, 1084, 1085, 1101, 1102, Fusicoccum sp. 731, 948, 970
1117, 1118, 1130, 1140
solani f. sp. cucurbitae 483, 1087 Gaeumannomyces 484
solani f. sp. glycines 1079 graminis 789
solani f. sp. phaseoli 484, 745, 746 graminis var. graminis 484, 888,
solani f. sp. pisi 484, 795, 999, 1101 1009, 1060, 1066, 1145
solani f. sp. radicicola 821 Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) 867
subglutinans 179, 244, 796, 986, Galax 867
1012, 1019 Galium (Bedstraw) 867
subgutinans 484 Gall 264, 290, 293
tabacinum 179, 1086 Gall Rust 551
tricinctum f. sp. poae 780, 800, 885 Gallex 26
Wilt 481, 687–689, 691 Galtonia (Summer-Hyacinth) 868
Yellows 688, 1096 Ganoderma 484
Fusarium sp. 299, 484, 732, 733, 735, applanatum 485, 704, 710, 721, 739,
737, 755, 757, 763, 768, 776, 778, 748, 817, 850, 910, 972, 1117,
779, 786, 800, 802, 805, 814, 815, 1118
Index 1229
Needle Blight 174, 177, 178, 208 nigra 837, 860, 898, 916, 924, 970,
Rust 567 1019, 1083, 1142
Hemlock (Tsuga) 898 Hesperis (Dames-Rocket) 900
Hemlock-Poplar Rust 553 Heterobasidion annosum 478
Hemp Heterodera
(Cannabis) 899 avenae 396, 999
Hemp Broomrape 223 cacti 396, 769
Hempsesbania (Sesbania) 899 carotae 396, 782
Henbane Mosaic 634 cruciferae 396, 767
Henbit (Laminum) 899 fici 397, 859
Hendersonia 300, 333 glycines 397, 744, 1079, 1111
concentrica 333, 1049 gottingiana 397, 999, 1079
crataegicola 333, 894 humuli 397, 744, 821, 999
culmiseda 994 iri 397, 887
cydoniae 1005 mothi 397, 979
davisii 902 punctata 397, 883
foliorum var. viburni 1125 rostochiensis 397, 841, 1034, 1111
magnoliae 948 schachtii 397, 748, 973, 975, 1061
opuntiae 300, 769, 770 tabacum 397, 841, 923, 1012, 1111
rubi 711 trifolii 398, 748, 780, 1079, 1082
subalbicans 775 zeae 398, 813
tenella 1063 Heterodera and Globodera 395
tini 931, 1125 Heterosporium 181
Hendersonula 246, 691 abroniae 1062
pinicola 1019 allii 334, 985
toruloidea 246, 692, 803, 948, 1130 asperatum 1077
toruloides 859 echinulatum 334, 780, 833
Hepatica 899 escholtziae 334
Heracleum (Cow-Parsnip) 900 eschscholtziae 773
Hercules-Club (Aralia spinosa) 900 gracile 334, 798
Hercules-Club (Zanthoxylum clava- gracilis 828
herculis) 900 hybridum 806
Hericium 489 iridis 865, 994
erinaceous 954, 981 magnoliae 948
erinaceus 490, 1014, 1100, 1118 syringae 181, 936
obietis 528 trillii 1115
Hericium spp. 748 tropaeoli 975
Heronsbill (Erodium) 900 variabile 334, 767, 1082
Herpobasidium Heterosporium sp. 726, 835, 875, 937,
deformans 907 946, 1059, 1115, 1127, 1129
filicinum 857 Heuchera (Alum-Root, Coral-Bells) 901
Herpotrichia 181 Hexaconazole 21
juniperi 181, 965 Hibbertia (Guinea-Gold-Vine) 901
Index 1237
Hibiscus Honey
(Arborescent Forms) (Rose-of-Sharon, Locust (Gleditsia) 906
Confederate-Rose, Chinese Hibis- Honey Plant, Bitterbush (Picram-
cus, Kenaf) 901 nia) 907
Chlorotic Ringspot 902 Honeysuckle
Chlorotic Ringspot Carmovirus 634 (Lonicera) 907
Latent Fort Pierce 902 Hop
Latent Fort Pierce Tobamovirus 634 American Latent 908
Hickory American Latent Carlavirus, Hop
Anthracnose 94 Latent Carlavirus, Hop Mosaic
Hickory (Carya) 902 Carlavirus 635
Higginisia 182 Cyst Nematode 397
hiemalis 182, 318 Latent 908
kerriae 182, 318 Mildew 451
Hippeastrum 903 Mosaic 908
Mosaic 713 Stunt Viroid 976, 1002
Hop (Humulus) 908
Mosaic Potyvirus 634
Hop-Hornbeam, Ironwood (Ostrya) 908
Hoarhound (Marrubium) 903
Hop-Tree (Ptelea) 909
Hoary-Tick Clover (Desmodium) 903
Hoplolaimus 398
Hollow Heart 425, 1034
bradys 839
Hollow Pocket 515, 517
coronatus 398, 780, 803, 887, 977,
Hollow Stem 787
981, 1020, 1101, 1111
Holly
galeatus 398
(Ilex) (Ilex opaca, American; magnistylus 398, 902
I. equifolium, English; I. cor- uniformis 398, 836, 904, 949
nuta, Chinese; I. crenata,
Hoplolaimus sp. 946, 1053
Japanese) 903
Hopperburn 425, 1034
Blight 201 Hordeivirus 72
Leaf Spot 349, 350 Hormodendron cladosporiodes 721
Osmanthus (Osmanthus ilici- Hormotheca rubicola 364
folius) 905 Hornbeam (Carpinus) 909
West Indian (Leea coccinea) 906 Horse
Hollyhock Purslane (Trianthema) 910
(Althaea) 905 Horse-Chestnut Leaf Blotch 220
Anthracnose 88 Horse-Chestnut Powdery Mildew
Mosaic 634, 905 452, 453
Rust 564 Horse-Chestnut, Buckeye (Aescu-
Holodiscus lus) 909
Witches’ Broom 635, 906 Horse-Gentian (Triosteum) 910
Holodiscus (Ocean Spray, Rock- Horse-Radish (Armoracia) 911
Spirea) 906 Horse-Radish Leaf Spot 122, 311
Homalomena 906 Horseweed (Conyza) 911
Honesty (Lunaria) 906 Hosta (Plantain-Lily) 911
1238 Index
Mosaic 745, 777, 788, 795, 865, 870, Ring Spot = Cucumber Mosaic Cucu-
934, 1061, 1082, 1087, 1121 movirus 639
Mosaic Potyvirus 637 Rosette 639, 938
Speckles Mottle 749, 934, 1082 Symptomless 938
Speckles Mottle Umbravirus 637 Symptomless Carlavirus 639
Lettuce Serotype 969 X 938
Leucojum (Snowflake) 935 Lily (Lilium) 937
Leucospermum 935 Lily-Of-The-Valley (Convallaria) 938
Leucostoma 249 Lima Bean
cincta 249, 266, 719 Mild Mottle 745
kunzei 266 Pod Blight 172
persoonii 266 Scab 598
Leucothoë 935 Limacinula anomala 140
Leucothoë Limb Blight 167, 168
Leaf Spot 345 Limber Neck 937
Leveillula 445 Lime
taurica 445, 755, 774, 821, 830, 867, Anthracnose 87, 90, 92
891, 897, 902, 962, 985, 1012, Sulfur 22
1035, 1111 Lime-Induced Chlorosis 428
Lewisia (Bitterroot) 935 Limonomyces roseipellis 885
Liatris (Gayfeather) 936 Linaria (Blue Toadflax; Butter and
Lightning Injury 427 Eggs) 939
Ligustrum 936 Linden
Lilac Anthracnose 84
Blight 117 Basswood (Tilia) 939
Leaf Blight 181 Leaf Blight 165
Mildew 445 Spot Anthracnose 599
Mottle 937 Linnaea (Twin-Flower) 940
Mottle Carlavirus 637 Linospora 185, 336
Ring Spot 937 brunellae 1039
Ring Spot Carlavirus 638 gleditschiae 336
Shoot Blight 200 gleditsiae 907
Witches’ Broom 937 psederae 715
Witches’ Broom Phytoplasma 638 tetraspora 185, 1030
Lilac (Syringa) 936 Linzites betulina 981
Lily Lions-Ear (Leonotis) 940
Botrytis Blight 159 Lippia
Color Adding 638 Spot Anthracnose 600
Color Removing 638 Lippia (Fog-Fruit, Lemon-Verbena) 940
Fleck 638, 938 Lipstick Vine (Aeschynanthus) 940
Latent Mosaic 638, 938 Lirula 379
Mottle 938 abietis-concoloris 182, 378
Mottle Potyvirus 638 macrospora 379
Ring Spot 938 nervata 378
Index 1245
1001, 1003, 1012, 1034, 1043, 940, 943, 945, 949, 952, 954, 955,
1115, 1133 957, 961, 962, 966–969, 973–978,
arenaria thamesi 402, 1037 981, 984, 990, 993, 995, 998, 1005,
arenaria var. thamesi 963, 1111 1009, 1014, 1016, 1021, 1023, 1024,
chitwoodi 402, 748, 813, 1034, 1111 1029, 1030, 1032, 1033, 1040–
floridensis 1111 1042, 1051, 1053, 1055, 1057, 1059,
graminicola 402, 808, 979 1061, 1063, 1064, 1066, 1068, 1069,
hapla 402, 703, 704, 717, 741, 744, 1077, 1083, 1088, 1090, 1091, 1095,
748, 760, 772, 780, 806, 808, 813, 1097–1099, 1103–1106, 1108, 1113,
828, 841, 851, 864, 868, 873, 875, 1114, 1116, 1118, 1120, 1123, 1124,
904, 934, 956, 960, 963, 964, 969, 1127, 1135, 1137, 1141, 1143, 1144
1003, 1010, 1012, 1034, 1053, Meloidogyne spp. 720, 729, 731, 733,
1059, 1068, 1079, 1083, 1086, 740, 750, 764, 771, 781, 795, 800,
1093, 1111 801, 809, 829, 831, 837, 845, 859,
incognita 403, 703–705, 738, 744, 865, 871, 875, 880, 883, 890, 901,
760, 765, 769, 775, 782, 787, 905, 914, 921, 923, 928, 929, 937,
791, 792, 821, 828, 841, 868, 887, 939, 941, 942, 972, 989, 991, 993,
904, 918, 921, 927, 963, 969, 977, 996, 997, 999, 1008, 1010, 1015,
983, 985, 1001, 1008, 1010, 1012, 1017, 1027, 1034, 1038, 1050,
1029, 1037, 1056, 1065, 1068, 1056, 1058, 1060, 1069, 1070, 1074,
1076, 1101, 1111, 1133 1081–1083, 1087, 1101, 1120, 1123,
incognita-acrita 742, 760, 780, 864, 1125–1127, 1131, 1139
1101 Melon
javanica 403, 744, 748, 760, 767, Anthracnose 88
771, 780, 782, 792, 796, 821, 841, Leaf Curl 961
868, 904, 963, 1001, 1003, 1043, Leaf Curl Bigeminivirus 641
1058, 1063, 1068, 1074, 1079, Muskmelon, Cantaloupe, Cassabra
1111, 1133 (Cucumis melo) 959
mayaguensis 717 Necrotic Spot 960
naasi 887 Necrotic Spot Carmovirus 641
ovalis 403, 954 Root Rot 519
partityla 1008 Melothria 961
Meloidogyne sp. 704–706, 709, 711– Melting-out 330–332
713, 723, 727–730, 732, 734–736, Mentzelia (Blazing Star) 961
739, 742, 751, 757, 759, 762, 763, Menziesia 961
766, 769–771, 773, 774, 776–779, Mercury Toxicity 429, 1053
784, 785, 788, 791, 795, 797, 799, Meria 250
802, 806–808, 811–815, 820, 822, laricis 250, 930
824–827, 833, 834, 837, 839, 840, Meria laricis 930
843, 845–849, 851, 853, 862, 864– Merismodes ochracea 264
866, 872–874, 876–878, 882, 887, Merlinius joctus 409, 756
889, 891–893, 898, 899, 902, 903, Mertensia (Bluebells, Virginia
905, 907, 908, 911, 912, 915, 917, Cowslip) 961
918, 921, 922, 927, 931, 936, 938, Merulius hexa-gonoides 1068
1250 Index
obtusa 200, 259, 509, 708, 709, 721, cinnamomi 260, 509, 692, 736–738,
762, 770, 779, 815–817, 881, 906, 752, 757, 776, 786, 790, 794, 818,
936, 944, 970, 980, 1005, 1014, 825, 838, 855, 861, 896, 901, 917,
1041, 1042, 1045, 1052, 1064, 925, 930, 942, 947, 952, 953, 971,
1096 980, 981, 1006, 1021, 1025, 1049,
rhodina 259, 509, 721, 749, 770, 1083, 1084, 1118, 1121, 1123,
779, 839, 858, 952, 980, 1004, 1126, 1131, 1136, 1142
1056, 1118 citricola 510, 736, 737, 861, 898,
rhododendri 1049 938, 1021, 1049
vaccini 455 citrophthora 200, 510, 711, 723,
Physalospora spp. 951, 953, 987, 1014 737, 760, 792, 804, 907, 925,
Physarum 1000, 1006, 1009, 1049, 1067,
cinereum 888, 934, 1094, 1102 1134
plumbeum 1102 colocasiae 510, 875
polycephalum 581 cryptogea 511, 706, 734, 749, 872,
Physarum spp. 787 877, 878, 915, 925, 934, 956, 996,
Physiological 718 1002, 1035, 1059, 1074, 1084,
Physoderma 352 1091, 1097, 1112, 1131, 1144
claytoniana 806 cryptogea var. richardiae 511, 774
maydis 352, 813 drechsleri 511, 749, 861, 872, 1035,
Physoderma sp. 1064 1058, 1112
Physopella dreschleri 742, 754, 811, 892, 925,
(Angiopsora) 557 939, 1021, 1059, 1084
ampelopsidis 558, 884 erythroseptica 201, 511, 774, 1035,
compressa 558 1046, 1136
Physostegia (False Dragonhead) 1018 europa 981
Phythiogeton autossytum 786 foliarum 737
Phytophthora 200, 259, 279, 352, 509, fragariae 511, 1093
692, 748 gymnocarpa 1140
Blight 200 hedraiandra 1048
cactorum 200, 259, 509, 692, 711, hibernalis 1049
721, 723, 737, 747, 751, 755, 757, ilicis 201, 903
760, 781, 788, 792, 805, 828, 836, infestans 201, 841, 923, 977, 978,
837, 842, 844, 851, 861, 865, 875, 1015, 1033, 1110, color plate 9
880, 892, 902, 910, 925, 927, 936, inflata 844, 1049
938, 944, 946, 948, 953, 980, 987, insolita 1049
1000, 1002, 1006–1009, 1018, ipomoeae 968
1021, 1026, 1048–1050, 1074, lateralis 512, 738, 790, 925, 971,
1083, 1087, 1093, 1101, 1112, 1018, 1127, 1142
1116, 1119, 1127, 1131, 1134 Leaf 201
cambivora 953, 1018, 1048, 1049 meadii 206, 906
capsici 200, 509, 703, 743–745, medicaginis 206
822, 1011, 1036, 1081, 1086, megasperma 512, 729, 732, 768,
1104, 1112, 1134 782, 816, 905, 1002, 1082, 1091
Index 1271
Leafroll 828, 890, 934, 978, 1113, minyus 405, 860, 883, 1005
1144 musicola 405, 740, 859, 984, 1131
Mop-Top 1036 nannus 405, 1144
Mottle 655, 797 negelectus 405, 1034
Purple Top 1035 penetrans 405, 720, 723, 749, 813,
Rot Nematode 392 855, 915, 937, 1001, 1011, 1034,
Rugose Mosaic 655, 1015, 1036 1068, 1084, 1093, 1144
S Carlavirus 655 pratensis 406, 718, 720, 744, 757,
Spindle Tuber 1036 760, 762, 767, 777, 800, 824, 829,
Spindle Tuber Viroid 655, 1113 841, 859, 873, 880, 883, 887, 905,
Vein Banding 1036 914, 937, 938, 945, 949, 974, 987,
Vein Banding = Potato Y 1005, 1027, 1053, 1061, 1074,
Potyvirus 656 1091, 1093, 1101, 1111, 1117,
Virus A 656, 978, 1036 1119, 1127, 1135
Virus M 1036 safaenis 406, 1079
Virus S 1036 scribneri 406, 713, 987, 1034, 1053,
Virus X 745, 747, 819, 837, 921, 1093
1012 sp. thornei 954
Virus Y 978, 1012, 1121 subpenetrans 406, 887
Wart 293 thornei 406, 825, 887, 976
Witches’ Broom 656, 1036 vulnus 406, 711, 723, 736, 760,
X Potexvirus 656 792, 803, 859, 864, 883, 925, 937,
Yellow Dwarf 827, 879, 1036, 1057, 1001, 1027, 1046, 1053, 1068,
1127, 1138 1131, 1137
Yellow Dwarf Nucleorhab- zeae 406
dovirus 656 Pratylenchus sp. 705, 707, 750, 771,
Yellow Spot 657, 1036 792, 820, 934, 935, 942, 981, 1010,
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) 1033 1016, 1036, 1063, 1101
Potentilla (Cinquefoil) 1036 Pratylenchus spp. 406
Potexvirus 73 Premature Ripening 197
Pothos (Epipremnum) 1036 Prenanthes (Rattlesnake-Root) 1037
Pothos, Ivy-Arum (Scindapsus) 1036 Prickly-Ash (Xanthoxylum americanum)
Potyvirus 74 1037
Pouts 1003 Prickly-Poppy (Argemone) 1037
Powdery Mildew 441, 442, 444, 446, Primrose
448–451 Leaf Spot 355
Powdery Scab 574 Mosaic 657, 1038
Pratylenchus 405 Primrose (Primula) 1037
brachyurus 405, 736, 803, 887, Privet
1003, 1023, 1034 Ring Spot 657
coffeae 405, 775, 796, 883, 1093 Privet (Ligustrum) 1038
crenatus 405 Prochloraz 23
fallax 405, 887 Propamocarb 23
hexincisus 405 Propiconazole 23
1276 Index
Saltgrass (Distichlis) 1062 907, 909, 940, 954, 962, 972, 981,
Salvinia (Aquatic Fern) 1062 1006, 1008, 1014, 1024, 1032,
Sanchezia 1062 1064, 1068, 1096, 1100, 1117,
Sand Burn 1008 1131, 1137
Sand-Myrtle (Leiophyllum) 1062 Schizothyrium 357
Sand-Verbena (Abronia) 1062 gaultheriae 357, 869, 1139
Sandvine (Ampelanus) 1062 pevexiguum 287
Sandwort (Arenaria) 1063 pomi 140, 357
Sanguisorba (Burnet) 1063 Schizoxylon macrosporum 953
Sansevieria (Bowstring-Hemp, Snake Schrankia 1065
Plant) 1063 Scilla (Squill) 1065
Sapodilla (Achras) 1063 Scindapsus 1066
Sapwood Scleroderris 262
Rot 470, 492, 517, 528, 529 abieticola 262, 861
Wound Rot 529 lagerbergii 262, 1019, 1020
Sarcinella heterospora 966 lateritium 262
Sarcotrochilia balsameae 196 Sclerophoma
Sassafras 1064 eustomonis 852
Satellivirus 74 pythiophila 197, 924
Saururus (Swamp-Lily, Water Dragon) Sclerophoma sp. 904
1064 Sclerophthora macrospora 283, 886
Sawadaea Scleropycnium 209
bicornis 954 aureum 209, 962
tulasnei 954 Sclerospora 282
Saxifrage (Saxifraga) 1064 farlowii 283, 886
Scab 485, 579, 580, 598 graminicola 283
Scabiosa 1065 Sclerotinia 262, 357, 524, 693
Scald 353, 432, 487, 488, 720, 949, (Whetzelinia) 209
985, 1005, 1034 borealis 888
Scaly Cap 492 bulborum 913, 918
Scarborough-Lily (Vallota) 1065 camelliae 211, 775
Schefflera homeocarpa color plate 10
(Brassaia actinophylla = Schefflera homoeocarpa 357, 525, 885, 886,
actinophylla) 1065 888, 1003
Dwarf (Schefflera arboricola) 1065 intermedia 525, 745, 783, 787, 1061
Ringspot 1065 minor 211, 525, 693, 725, 742, 745,
Ringspot Badnavirus 662 753, 768, 782, 783, 787, 795, 808,
Schiffnerula pulchra 142 841, 846, 853, 899, 911, 934, 945,
Schirrhia 208 979, 982, 1003, 1004, 1012, 1035,
Schizonella 585 1070, 1074, 1078, 1104, 1112,
Schizophyllum 524 1122, 1136
commune 524, 704, 709–711, 719, narcissicola 525, 975
721, 724, 726, 731, 748, 752, 772, polyblastis 211, 974
773, 785, 786, 805, 845, 884, 903, ricini 745
1290 Index
rolfsii 211, 852, 987, 1121 846–848, 851, 858, 864, 865, 875,
sativa 1116 877, 879, 886, 890, 894, 899, 900,
sclerotiorum 211, 262, 525, 526, 905, 912, 913, 915, 916, 918, 922,
706, 711, 717, 718, 721, 724, 934, 937–941, 943, 945, 946, 956,
726, 729, 732, 735, 737, 742, 745, 960, 966–968, 974, 985, 987, 991,
749, 750, 755, 758, 766, 768, 771, 994, 995, 997, 999, 1002–1004,
775, 776, 778, 779, 782–784, 787, 1009, 1011, 1013, 1016, 1018,
788, 795, 796, 800, 802, 804, 808, 1024, 1033, 1039, 1045, 1050,
811, 812, 815, 821, 822, 825, 827, 1052, 1055–1061, 1065, 1066,
829, 834, 840, 846, 847, 853, 858, 1069, 1070, 1074, 1078, 1086,
862–865, 867, 870, 872, 874, 875, 1089–1093, 1097, 1100, 1101,
877, 879, 883, 899, 905, 913, 934, 1103, 1104, 1106, 1108, 1110,
936, 938, 939, 945, 951, 956, 960, 1115, 1116, 1118, 1119, 1121,
962, 967, 973, 974, 983, 986, 996, 1122, 1125, 1127, 1130, 1133,
997, 999, 1000, 1003, 1004, 1006, 1135, 1138, 1143, 1144
1010, 1012, 1013, 1015, 1018, rolfsii var. delphinii 735, 1039
1024, 1029, 1035, 1038, 1040, Sclerotium sp. 828, 885, 920, 975,
1043, 1045, 1056, 1058, 1059, 1059, 1132, 1143
1061, 1065, 1067, 1069, 1074, Scoleconectria cucurbitula 255
1078, 1079, 1082, 1087, 1091, Scolecosporiella sisyrinchii 184
1093, 1097, 1098, 1101, 1106, Scolecosporium
1112, 1114, 1116, 1120, 1121, fagi 794
1128, 1134, 1144 Scolecotrichum 357
sclerotiorum = Whetzelinia sclerotio- graminis 358, 886
rum 1098 typhae 786
smilacina 875 Scopella sapotae 567, 1063
trifoliorum 527, 808, 820 Scorch 84, 300, 433, 790, 836, 910,
Sclerotinia sp. 972, 998, 1035, 1045, 918, 937
1102, 1104, 1110, 1116 Scoria spongiosa 1094
Sclerotiniaceae 57 Scorias 595
Sclerotium 211, 527, 593 spongiosa 595, 710, 1023, 1128
bataticola 211, 942 spongospora 748
cepivorum 527, 986, 1069 Scribner’s Meadow Nematode 406
deciduum 725, 752, 855, 856 Scurf 576
delphinii 799, 829 Scutellonema 408
hydrophilum 211, 1136 blaberum 408
oryzae 211, 1136 brachyurum 409
rhizodes 211, 593, 888 brachyurus 707, 713
rolfsii 211, 527, 708, 713, 716, 718, bradys 409
729, 734, 736, 738, 744, 746, 748, christiei 409
750, 755, 765, 767, 770, 771, 774, Scytinostroma galactinum 471
776, 777, 779, 780, 782–785, 788, Sea-Grape
791, 795, 796, 800, 803, 812, 815, Dove-Plum (Coccoloba) 1066
821, 825–829, 833, 839, 841–843, Sea-Kale (Crambe) 1066
Index 1291
Tenuivirus 74 Thiophanate
Ternstroemia 1107 Methyl 24
Tesselate Stylet Nematode 410 Methyl Plus Etridiazole 24
Tetraconazole 24 Thiram 24
Tetylenchus 409 Thistle
Texas Mistletoe 369 (Cirsium) 1107
Texas Root Rot 506, 508 Blessed (Cnicus) 1108
Texasweed (Caperonia) 1107 Creeping (Canada) (Cirsium arvense)
Thalia 1107 1108
Thames’ Root-Knob Nematode 402 Ivory And Milk (Silybum) 1108
Thanatephonus Musk (Carduus thoermeri) 1108
cucumeris 194 Thlaspi 1108
Thanatephorus Thorn’s
cucumeris 194, 501, 502, 748 Meadow Nematode 406
Needle Nematode 399
Thecaphora 586
Thoroughwax (Bupleurum) 1108
californica 890
Thread Blight 167, 193
Cuneata 890
Thujopsis (Hiba Arborvitae) 1108
cuneata 880
Thunbergia (Clockvine) 1108
deformans 488, 945
Thyme (Thymus) 1109
iresine 917
Thyronectria 265
pilulaeformis 1042
austro-americana 265, 906, 907
trailii 1107 balsamea 255, 265, 861
Thekopsora berolinensis 265, 823
minima 898 denigrata 907
Thelephora 216 Thytisma vaccinii 756
albido-brunnea 953 Ti (Cordyline terminalis) 1109
caryophyllea 930 Tibouchina (Glory-Bush) 1109
spiculosa 216 Tidestrominia 1109
terrestris 216, 838, 860, 1019, 1082, Tigridia
1083 Mosaic 669, 1109
Thelephoraceae 61 Tigridia (Tiger-Flower) 1109
Thermopsis (Bush-Pea, Golden-Pea) Tilletia 586
1107 buchloëana 586, 764, 888
Thiabendazole 24 caries 586
Thielaviopsis 530 euphorbiae 1085
basicola 530, 745, 750, 762, 785, foetida 586
795, 802, 804, 824, 828, 871, 875, fusca 888
911, 933, 937, 939, 945, 983, 985, maclaganii 1104
989, 995, 999, 1004, 1010, 1017, pallida 587, 888
1029, 1074, 1101, 1112, 1122, Tilletiaceae 59
1123, 1127, 1128, 1133 Timber Rot 492
paradoxa 789 Tip Blight 94, 171, 195, 199, 207, 496,
Thielaviopsis sp. 866 1074
1306 Index