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    Phylum Ctenophora includes about 100-150 species of comb jellies. They are marine animals with a gelatinous body and eight rows of fused cilia called comb rows that beat synchronously to propel them through water. They have two tissue layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea. Most species are spherical or flattened predators that use adhesive cells called colloblasts to capture prey. There are two main classes - Tentaculata which have two tentacles used to capture prey, and Nuda which lack tentacles but have large mouths and hooks or toxins to feed on other ctenophores.

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    Phylum Ctenophora includes about 100-150 species of comb jellies. They are marine animals with a gelatinous body and eight rows of fused cilia called comb rows that beat synchronously to propel them through water. They have two tissue layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea. Most species are spherical or flattened predators that use adhesive cells called colloblasts to capture prey. There are two main classes - Tentaculata which have two tentacles used to capture prey, and Nuda which lack tentacles but have large mouths and hooks or toxins to feed on other ctenophores.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    246 views31 pages

    Phylum Ctenophora KJC PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ethyl
    Phylum Ctenophora includes about 100-150 species of comb jellies. They are marine animals with a gelatinous body and eight rows of fused cilia called comb rows that beat synchronously to propel them through water. They have two tissue layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea. Most species are spherical or flattened predators that use adhesive cells called colloblasts to capture prey. There are two main classes - Tentaculata which have two tentacles used to capture prey, and Nuda which lack tentacles but have large mouths and hooks or toxins to feed on other ctenophores.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 31

    Phylum Ctenophora

    Comb Jellies/ Sea Walnuts


    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Approximately
    100-150
    species described

    All marine

    Mostly spherical,
    some groups
    flattened and/or
    elongate
    Characteristics
    Diploblastic
    Mesoglea between the epidermal and
    gastrodermal tissue layers
    Tissue muscle cells develops within the
    mesoglea
    Gastrovascular cavity
    Adhesives structures called colloblasts
    Eight rows of ciliary bands called comb
    rows for locomotion
    comb-bearers

    have eight "comb rows" of fused cilia


    arranged along the sides of the
    animal

    These cilia beat synchronously and


    propel ctenophores through the
    water

    Some species move with a flapping


    motion of their lobes or undulations
    of the body.

    Many ctenophores have two long


    tentacles, but some lack tentacles
    completely

    Phylulm Ctenophora
    The Ctene

    Phylulm Ctenophora
    variously known as comb jellies, sea
    gooseberries, sea walnuts, or Venus's
    girdles
    voracious predators; carnivorous
    No stingers : unlike cnidarians with which
    they share several superficial similarities
    in order to capture prey, ctenophores
    possess sticky cells called colloblasts
    in a few species, special cilia in the mouth
    are used for biting gelatinous prey
    Body is > 95% water
    most ctenophores swim, one group creeps
    along the bottom of the seas

    Most of these species live on other animals:


    echinoderms, sponges, or benthic cnidarians

    Many ctenophores, like various other


    planktonic organisms, are bioluminescent,
    able to give off light
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Defining Characteristics

    Plates of fused cilia arranged in rows

    Adhesive prey capturing cells


    (colloblasts)
    Comb jellies are delicate, transparent,
    non-stinging predators
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Digestive System
    The mouth leads into a pharynx
    (stomodeum) which is the site of
    extracellular digestion

    it goes through a stomach into a


    series of gastrovascular canals
    where digestion is completed
    intracellularly
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Comparative Study of
    Ctenophora and Cnidaria

    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Mechanism and Mode of
    Food Capture
    Mode of Food Capture

    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    Phylulm Ctenophora
    CLASSES
    Class Tentaculata

    feeds on a variety of creatures they catch from


    the sea around them

    possess two tentacles, which in turn possess


    sub-tentacles along one side

    These tentacles are armed with special adhesive


    (sticky) cells: ’Colloblasts'. These colloblasts
    help attach prey items to the tentacles which
    are then drawn across the mouth of the animal
    so that the prey can be eaten.
    Class Nuda

    feeds exclusively on other Ctenophores

    no tentacles but do have very large mouths


    on their bell shaped bodies

    look hollow and can in fact eat prey larger


    than themselves.

    have hooks in their gullet to allow them to


    hold onto their prey and glands that secrete
    a poison which paralyses their prey

    More than half the known species of Comb


    Jellies are part of the class Nuda
    Class Tentaculata
    Class Tentaculata
    Class Tentaculata
    Class Tentaculata
    Class Nuda
    Class Nuda

    Phylulm Ctenophora

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