Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in The Esperance District

WESTERN AUSTRALIAN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM NO.
21
Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in

the Esperance District
by
Gillian F. Craig
David J. Coates
2001
Department of Conservation and Land Management

Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983
Department of Conservation and Land Management
Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983
This study was partly funded by the Endangered Species Program, Environment Australia
(ESP Project No. 221).
ÓDepartment of Conservation and Land Management

Western Australia 2001
ISSN 0816-9713
Cover illustration:
Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor S.D. Hopper

by
Sue Patrick
Editors and page preparation ........................................................................... Angie Walker, Vicki Hamley and Jill Pryde
Maps .................................................................................................................... CALM Information Management Branch
ii
FOREWORD
Western Australian Wildlife Management Programs are a series of publications produced by the Department of
Conservation and Land Management (CALM). The Programs are prepared in addition to Regional Management Plans
to provide detailed information and guidance for the management and protection of certain exploited or threatened
species (e.g. Kangaroos, Noisy Scrub-bird and Rose Mallee).
This Program provides a brief description of the appearance, distribution, habitat and conservation status of flora
declared as rare under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act (Threatened Flora) and poorly known flora
(Priority Flora) in CALM's Esperance District and makes recommendations for research and management action
necessary to ensure their continued survival. By ranking the Declared Rare Flora in priority order according to these
requirements, Departmental staff and resources can be allocated to those taxa most urgently in need of attention.
Priority Flora that are under consideration for declaration as rare are also dealt with, but in less detail than the Declared
Rare Flora. However, the information contained in this Program should assist in the ongoing work of assessing their
conservation status.
This Program has been approved by the Executive Director, Department of Conservation and Land Management, the
National Parks and Nature Conservation Authority and the Minister for the Environment.
Approved programs are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species' status and completion of
recovery actions.
Information in this Plan was accurate at 1992.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following persons are thanked for their assistance and helpful discussions:
Specialist advice and, on occasions, specimen identifications were sought and promptly given by the following:
R. Baker (Hakea), M.I.H. Brooker (Eucalyptus), A.P. Brown (Orchidaceae), A.R. Chapman (Leucopogon), R.J.
Chinnock (Eremophila), R.S. Cowan (Acacia), R.J. Cranfield (Papilionaceae, general), M.D. Crisp (Chorizema,
Daviesia), A.S. George (Dryandra), S.D. Hopper (Eucalyptus), L.A.S. Johnson (Eucalyptus), G.J. Keighery (Daviesia,
Gratiola, Opercularia), N.S. Lander (Olearia), T.D. Macfarlane (Papilionaceae), N.G. Marchant (Darwinia), B.R.
Maslin (Acacia), A.E. Orchard (Dampiera), M. Pieroni (Dryandra), J. Powell (Leucopogon), B.L. Rye (Rhamnaceae),
M.E. Trudgen (Angasomyrtus, Baeckea), H. White (Thysanotus), and P.G. Wilson (Asteraceae, Rutaceae).
CALM staff who provided assistance were: ESPERANCE - K. Tiedemann, B. Haberley, T. Florisson, S. Winton,
M. Paxman, P. Bastian, R. France; WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HERBARIUM - V. Hamley, S. Curry, S. Carroll,
M. Falconer, I. McPharlin, B.S. Mahon, P. Spencer, W. Hanks, C.S. Fang; WILDLIFE BRANCH - K. Atkins,
M. O'Donoghue, D. Stefoni and J. Riley.
Others who provided assistance include S. Grein and C.J. Robinson.
Of particular assistance to this project was the Western Australian Herbarium database under the supervision of A.R.
Chapman. This system allows scrutiny of rare flora collections held in PERTH, and hard-copy printouts for field and
other use.
iv
ABBREVIATIONS
Alb Albany
AR Aboriginal Reserve
Aug Augusta
Bldr Boulder
BR Bruce Rock
Brktn Brookton
Bsltn Busselton
CALM Department of Conservation and Land Management
Car Carnamah
Cbk Cranbrook
Cool Coolgardie
Cor Corrigin
Crw Coorow
Degen. Degenerated
Dnmk Denmark
DRF Declared Rare Flora
Dum Dumbleyung
Dund Dundas
Dwel Dwellingup
Esp Esperance
Ger Geraldton
Gno Gnowangerup
Gold Goldfields
Jer Jerramungup
Kal Kalgoorlie
Kat Katanning
Kon Kondinin
LG Lake Grace
Manj Manjimup
Mdg Mundaring
Men Menzies
Mer Merredin
Metro Metropolitan
MRWA Main Roads W.A.
MRWA Rd Res. Main Roads W.A. Road Reserve
MtM Mt Marshall
Mur Murray
Nar Narrogin
Nor Northam
NP National Park
NR Nature Reserve
Nthn Northampton
Nun Nungarin
Part-dist. Part-disturbed
Per Perenjori
Pilb Pilbara
Plgt Plantagenet
Post-dist. Post-disturbance
Private Private Property
Rail Res. Rail Reserve
Rav Ravensthorpe
Rav Range Ravensthorpe Range
Rd Res. Road Reserve
Rd Verge Road Verge
Regen. Regenerated
Research Stn Research Station
Seedl. Seedlings
v
Shire Recr. Res. Shire Recreational Reserve
Shire Res. Shire Reserve
Shire Rd Res. Shire Road Reserve
Shire Water Res. Shire Water Reserve
Tam Tammin
Timber Res. Timber Reserve
Tra Trayning
Unvested Res. Unvested Reserve
VCL Vacant Crown Land
VP Victoria Plains
VPF Vermin Proof Fence
Wal Walpole
Water Res. Water Reserve
West Westonia
Yil Yilgarn
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Page
Foreword................................................................. iii Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b)........ 74

Allocasuarina globosa ........................................... 76
Acknowledgements................................................. iv Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra ........................ 78
Caladenia tentaculata............................................ 80
Abbreviations........................................................... v Chorizema circinale............................................... 82
Chorizema nervosum.............................................. 84
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION.......................... 1 Coleanthera coelophylla ........................................ 86
Conostephium marchantiorum............................... 88
1. The Need for Management................................. 1 Conostephium uncinatum....................................... 90
2. Objective of the Program ................................... 1 Dampiera sericantha ............................................. 92
3. Rare Flora Legislation and Guidelines for Gazettal Darwinia calothamnoides ms ................................ 943
4. CALM's Priority Flora List ................................ 5 Darwinia sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9775) ........ 96
5. Responsibilities within the Department.............. 6 Darwinia sp. Mt Ney (M.A.Burgman &
6. The Esperance District ....................................... 6 S.McNee 1274) ................................................... 98
7. Botanical History of the Esperance District ....... 8 Dicrastylis archeri ............................................... 100
Dicrastylis capitellata .......................................... 102
PART TWO: DECLARED RARE FLORA Diuris concinna.................................................... 104
IN THE ESPERANCE DISTRICT .................... 10 Dodonaea hexandra............................................. 106
Drosera salina ..................................................... 108
Extant Taxa .......................................................... 11 Drosera sp. Hatter Hill (G.J.Barrett 15.9.89) ...... 110
Adenanthos eyrei ................................................... 11 Eremophila chamaephila ..................................... 112
Adenanthos ileticos................................................ 13 Eremophila compressa......................................... 114
Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor ....................... 16 Eremophila oblonga ms ....................................... 116
Billardiera mollis................................................... 18 Eriostemon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 1535) .. 118
Boronia revoluta.................................................... 20 Eucalyptus burgmaniana ms................................ 120
Caladenia exstans ms ............................................ 22 Eucalyptus delicata.............................................. 122
Caladenia voigtii ms.............................................. 24 Eucalyptus jimberlanica ...................................... 124
Conostylis lepidospermoides ................................. 26 Eucalyptus varia subsp. salsuginosa.................... 126
Daviesia microcarpa ............................................. 28 Eucalyptus sp. B Ravensthorpe
Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia ................... 30 (K.R.Newbey 9715) .......................................... 128
Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata ........... 32 Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532) ........ 130
Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms......... 34 Gonocarpus pycnostachyus ................................. 132
Eucalyptus cerasiformis......................................... 36 Gonocarpus simplex............................................. 134
Eucalyptus insularis ............................................. 38 Gratiola pedunculata ........................................... 136
Eucalyptus merrickiae ........................................... 40 Grevillea phillipsiana .......................................... 138
Eucalyptus platydisca ms ...................................... 43 Gyrostemon ditrigynus......................................... 140
Kennedia beckxiana............................................... 45 Halgania tomentosa ............................................. 142
Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata ...................... 47 Haloragis sp. Ravensthorpe
Myoporum turbinatum........................................... 49 (K.R.Newbey 8269) .......................................... 144
Myriophyllum petraeum......................................... 51 Hydatella australis............................................... 146
Prostanthera carrickiana....................................... 53 Hydrocotyle hispidula .......................................... 148
Rhizanthella gardneri ............................................ 55 Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove
Ricinocarpos trichophorus .................................... 57 (M.A.Burgman 4419) ........................................ 150
Leucopogon blepharolepis................................... 152
Presumed Extinct Taxa ....................................... 59 Leucopogon florulentus ....................................... 154
Opercularia acolytantha........................................ 59 Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill
Taraxacum cygnorum ............................................ 61 (K.R.Newbey 9831) .......................................... 155
Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill
PART THREE: PRIORITY FLORA (M.A.Burgman 1207) ........................................ 157
IN THE ESPERANCE DISTRICT .................... 63 Leucopogon sp. Condingup
(M.A.Burgman 1377) ........................................ 159
A. Priority One taxa......................................... 64 Leucopogon sp. Coujinup
Acacia diaphana ms .............................................. 66 (M.A.Burgman 1085) ........................................ 161
Acacia diminuta ms ............................................... 68 Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock
Acacia dorsenna .................................................... 70 (M.A.Burgman 1126) ........................................ 163
Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva ms....................... 72
vii
Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood Dampiera decurrens ............................................ 263
(M.A.Burgman 1211)........................................ 165 Dampiera orchardii ............................................. 265
Leucopogon sp. Munglinup Darwinia luehmanii ............................................. 267
(K.R.Newbey 8123) .......................................... 167 Darwinia sp. Peak Charles
Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp (A.S.George 10627) .......................................... 269
(K.R.Newbey 8173) .......................................... 169 Daviesia campephylla .......................................... 271
Leucopogon sp. South Coast Daviesia pauciflora.............................................. 273
(K.R.Newbey 8213) .......................................... 171 Dillwynia acerosa ................................................ 275
Melaleuca agathosmoides ................................... 173 Elachanthus pusillus ............................................ 276
Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta ...................... 175 Eremophila lactea................................................ 278
Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia....................... 177 Eriostemon apiculatus ......................................... 280
Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms........... 282
(M.A.Burgman 3898)........................................ 179 Eucalyptus litorea ................................................ 284
Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill Eucalyptus misella ............................................... 286
(K.R.Newbey 6546) .......................................... 181 Eucalyptus pterocarpa ......................................... 288
Mirbelia densiflora .............................................. 183 Eucalyptus spreta ms ........................................... 290
Myoporum velutinum ms ..................................... 185 Gastrolobium heterophyllum ............................... 292
Otion rigidum ms................................................. 187 Gastrolobium rigidum.......................................... 294
Persoonia baeckeoides ........................................ 189 Goodenia quadrilocularis.................................... 296
Phebalium rude subsp. lineare ............................ 191 Goodenia trichophylla ......................................... 298
Phlegmatospermum richardsii............................. 193 Grevillea superba................................................. 300
Pimelea halophila................................................ 195 Haegiela tatei....................................................... 302
Pimelea pelinos.................................................... 197 Isolepis sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1515) ....... 304
Pultenaea sp. Mt Beaumont Isopogon alcicornis.............................................. 306
(K.R.Newbey 7928) .......................................... 199 Lasiopetalum maxwellii ....................................... 308
Rulingia tratmannii.............................................. 201 Lepyrodia fortunata ms........................................ 310
Scaevola sp. Swallow Rock Leucopogon breviflorus (Israelite Bay) ............... 312
(K.R.Newbey 9677) .......................................... 202 Leucopogon interruptus ....................................... 314
Spyridium minutum.............................................. 204 Leucopogon multiflorus ....................................... 316
Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring Leucopogon pleurandroides ................................ 318
(K.R.Newbey 9773) .......................................... 206 Leucopogon rotundifolius .................................... 320
Styphelia pulchella .............................................. 208 Levenhookia pulcherrima .................................... 322
Thysanotus baueri................................................ 210 Melaleuca fissurata.............................................. 324
Verticordia sieberi var. pachyphylla ................... 212 Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa..................... 326
Melaleuca sp. Ravensthorpe
B. Priority Two Taxa ..................................... 214 (M.A.Burgman 4018) ........................................ 328
Acacia amyctica................................................... 215 Microcorys virgata............................................... 329
Acacia asepala ms ............................................... 217 Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe
Acacia carnosula ms............................................ 219 (M.A.Burgman 2154) ........................................ 331
Acacia castanostegia ms...................................... 221 Olearia laciniifolia............................................... 333
Acacia incanicarpa ms ........................................ 223 Opercularia hirsuta ............................................. 335
Acacia kerryana................................................... 225 Opercularia rubioides.......................................... 337
Acacia nitidula..................................................... 227 Paracaleana sp. Nuytsland (A.P.Brown s.n.) ...... 339
Acacia ophiolithica.............................................. 229 Patersonia inaequalis .......................................... 341
Acacia profusa ms ............................................... 231 Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman 4424) ..... 343
Acacia tetraptera ms............................................ 233 Phlegmatospermum eremaeum ............................ 345
Acrotriche patula................................................. 235 Pimelea graniticola.............................................. 347
Andersonia macranthera ..................................... 237 Scaevola brookeana ............................................. 349
Angasomyrtus salina............................................ 239 Spyridium mucronatum subsp. mucronatum........ 351
Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald (G.J.Keighery 8376) .... 241 Stipa exilis............................................................ 353
Astroloma sp. Grass Patch Thysanotus brachyantherus ................................. 355
(A.J.G.Wilson 110)........................................... 243 Thysanotus parviflorus......................................... 357
Banksia epica....................................................... 245 Trachymene croniniana ....................................... 359
Bentleya diminuta ................................................ 247 C. Priority Three Taxa................................... 361
Boronia coriacea ................................................. 249 Acacia eremophila var. variabilis ........................ 362
Caesia viscida...................................................... 251 Acacia euthyphylla ms ......................................... 364
Calandrinia porifera............................................ 253 Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa ........................... 366
Calochilus sp. Hopetoun (H.Taylor s.n.) ............. 255 Acacia octonervia ................................................ 368
Chthonocephalus multiceps ................................. 257 Acacia pritzeliana ................................................ 370
Comesperma lanceolatum ................................... 259 Acacia singula ..................................................... 373
Conospermum filifolium subsp. sigmoideum ms.. 261 Adenanthos gracilipes.......................................... 375
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Allocasuarina eriochlamys subsp. grossa............ 377 habitats in the wild .............................. 452
Banksia lullfitzii................................................... 379 3. Priority Flora in the Esperance District .......... 452
Boronia fabianoides ............................................ 381 4. Assistance from Volunteers and
Caladenia longicauda subsp. rigidula ms ........... 383 Information Systems ................................. 452
Centrolepis cephaloformis subsp. murrayi .......... 385 (i) Rare flora volunteers ........................... 452
Chorizema ulotropis ............................................ 387 (ii) District recording systems ................... 453
Cypselocarpus haloragoides ............................... 389 (iii) Herbarium specimens .......................... 453
Dicrastylis obovata.............................................. 391 5. Conservation and Management of
Dodonaea trifida ................................................. 393 Special Areas ............................................ 453
Dryandra viscida ................................................. 395 6. Implementation and Term of the
Eremophila purpurascens.................................... 397 Management Program............................... 453
Eucalyptus brockwayi.......................................... 399
Eucalyptus creta .................................................. 401 REFERENCES................................................... 464
Eucalyptus exigua................................................ 403
Eucalyptus famelica............................................. 405 GLOSSARY........................................................ 471
Eucalyptus histophylla......................................... 407
Eucalyptus ovularis ............................................. 409 TABLES
Eucalyptus semiglobosa ...................................... 411 1. CALM Managed Public Lands in the
Gahnia sp. Grass Patch (M.A.Burgman 4431) .... 413 Esperance District............................................... 6
Grevillea aneura.................................................. 415 2. Esperance District Declared Rare Flora
Hakea bicornata .................................................. 417 Scored (1-3) According to the Degree of Threat or
Hopkinsia adscendens ms.................................... 419 Urgency for Management and Research
Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum ................................ 421 Action ............................................................. 454
Leucopogon apiculatus........................................ 423 3. Esperance District Declared Rare Flora
Leucopogon brevicuspis ...................................... 425 Ranked in Priority Order for Protection and
Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella.......................... 427 Management Action ....................................... 456
Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides........ 429 4. Priority One, Two and Three Species Lists
Myriocephalus appendiculatus............................ 431 with Recommended Status Indicated.............. 457
Persoonia scabra................................................. 433 5 Declared rare and Poorly Known Flora in the
Pityrodia chrysocalyx .......................................... 435 Esperance District as at 1992. Conservation Status
Platysace haplosciadia ........................................ 437 updated to December 1999............................. 461
Pomaderris intangenda ....................................... 439
Siegfriedia darwinioides...................................... 441 FIGURES
Sphenotoma parviflorum ..................................... 443 1. Location of the Esperance District in
Verticordia verticordina ...................................... 445 relation to other CALM Management
Regions of the State............................................ 2
PART FOUR: THE PLAN FOR 2. The Esperance District covered by this
MANAGEMENT ............................................... 447 Program .............................................................. 4
1. Determining Priorities .................................... 447

2. Management and Research Actions ............... 447
(i) Small declining populations................ 447
(ii) Accidental destruction during road/
rail/public utility maintenance............. 447
(iii) Invasive weeds .................................... 448
(iv) Grazing ............................................... 448
(v) Mining activities ................................. 449
(vi) Phytophthora dieback......................... 449
(vii) Land clearing and associated
agricultural activities........................... 449
(viii) Liaison with landholders..................... 449
(ix) Land acquisition.................................. 450
(x) Survey taxa ......................................... 450
(xi) Resurvey and mapping of known
populations.......................................... 450
(xii) Monitoring of populations .................. 451
(xiii) Research in particular fire and
disturbance ecology ............................ 451
(xiv) Seed collection, storage and
propagation ......................................... 452
(xv) Re-establishment in suitable
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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
1. The Need for Management
Western Australia has a unique flora, world renowned for its diversity and high level of endemism. WACENSUS, the
database of plant names for the State, lists 12 442 current taxa (species, subspecies, varieties and phrase names) (July
1997) with the total likely to exceed 13 000 once botanists have completed surveying, searching and describing the
flora. A significant proportion of the Western Australian total is concentrated in the south-west of the State, where there
is also a large number of endemics due to a long history of isolation and climatic and geological stability (Hopper 1979).
According to Briggs and Leigh (1996) the State has 45.9 percent of the Australian total of threatened, rare or poorly
known plant taxa, with 79 percent of these restricted to the south-west. Nearly 2 000 Western Australian taxa are
currently listed as threatened or have been placed on the Department of Conservation and Land Management’s (CALM)
Flora Priority List because they are rare or poorly known (K. Atkins, personal communication).
Although some plants are rare because of their requirement for a specific restricted habitat, the majority have become
rare or threatened because of the activities of humans. Extensive land clearing and modification of the environment
have resulted in the extinction of some species and threaten the survival of many others. Continued land clearing, plant
diseases (particularly due to Phytophthora species), exotic weeds and pests, road works, urbanisation, grazing by
domestic stock and increasing salinity continue to threaten the flora.
The State Conservation Strategy, Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, and Conservation and Land Management Act 1984
provide the guidelines and legislative basis for the conservation of the State's indigenous plant and animal species.
CALM is responsible for the administration of the Wildlife Conservation Act, and hence, is responsible for the
protection and conservation of flora and fauna on all lands and waters throughout the State. Section 23F of the Act
gives the Minister responsible for the Act statutory responsibility for the protection of those plant taxa declared to be
rare (i.e. threatened taxa).
This Wildlife Management Program collates the available biological and management information on the Declared Rare
Flora, and Priority One, Two and Three (poorly known) taxa of CALM's Esperance District, as at October 1992. In
1992, 271 extant taxa were listed as Declared Rare Flora and a further 43 taxa were listed on the Schedule as presumed
extinct. In addition to those taxa declared to be rare, some 1 408 taxa were listed on CALM's Priority Flora List as at
October 1992. The majority of these taxa require further detailed survey to accurately assess their conservation status.
Brown et al. (1998) provide illustrations of declared rare (threatened) flora as at 1998.
This District has been relatively poorly surveyed botanically, particularly for rare and threatened taxa. Figure 1 shows
the location of the Esperance District in relation to the CALM management regions of the State.
2. Objective of the Program
The objective of this Program for the Esperance District is:
To ensure and enhance, by appropriate management, the continued survival in the wild of populations of Declared Rare
Flora and other plants in need of special protection.
It aims to achieve this by:
* providing a useful reference for CALM staff and other land managers for the day-to-day management and
protection of Declared Rare Flora populations and populations of other taxa which are poorly known and may be
at risk;
* directing Departmental resources within the Region to those taxa most urgently in need of attention;
* assisting in the identification of Declared Rare taxa and other taxa potentially at risk, and their likely habitats;
* fostering an appreciation and increased awareness of the importance of protecting and conserving Declared Rare
Flora and other taxa potentially at risk or in need of special protection.
x
Figure 1. Location of the Esperance District in relation to other CALM Management Regions of the State
(map not available)
xi
3. Rare Flora Legislation and Guidelines for Gazettal
The Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 protects all classes of indigenous flora throughout the State. Protected flora
includes:
Spermatophyta - flowering plants, conifers and cycads

Pteridophyta - ferns and fern allies
Bryophyta - mosses and liverworts
Thallophyta - algae, fungi and lichens
Section 23F of the Act provides special protection to those taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, hybrids) considered by
the Minister to be:
* In danger of extinction - the taxon is in serious risk of disappearing from the wild state within one or two decades
if present land use and other causal factors continue to operate;
* Rare - less than a few thousand adult plants of the taxon existing in the wild;
* Deemed to be threatened and in need of special protection - the taxon is not presently in danger of extinction but
is at risk over a longer period through continued depletion, or occurs largely on sites likely to experience changes
in land use which could threaten its survival in the wild;
or
* Presumed Extinct - taxa which have not been collected, or otherwise verified over the past 50 years despite
thorough searching, or of which all known wild populations have been destroyed more recently.
In addition hybrids or suspected hybrids which satisfy the above criteria also must be:
* a distinct entity, that is, the progeny are consistent with the agreed taxonomic limits for that taxon group;
* capable of being self perpetuating, that is, not reliant on the parental taxa for replacement; and
* the product of a natural event, that is, both parents are naturally occurring and cross fertilisation was by natural
means.
Protection under section 23F is achieved by declaring them to be 'rare' by notice published in the Government Gazette.
CALM's Policy Statement No. 9 discusses the legislation relating to Declared Rare Flora and outlines the criteria for
gazettal.
Under the provisions of Section 23F, the 'taking' of Declared Rare Flora by any person on any category of land
throughout the State is prohibited without the written consent of the Minister. A breach of the Act is liable to a penalty
of up to $10,000. The legislation refers only to wild growing populations and applies equally to government officers
and private citizens on Crown and private land.
To 'take' in relation to flora includes 'to gather, pluck, cut, pull up, destroy, dig up, remove or injure the flora or to cause
or permit the same to be done by any means'. This includes not only direct destruction or injury by human hand or
machine but also such activities as allowing grazing by stock, introducing pathogens, altering water tables so as to
inundate or deprive the flora of adequate soil moisture, allowing air pollutants to harm foliage, and burning.
The Schedule published in the Government Gazette is revised annually to accommodate additions and deletions to the
list of Declared Rare Flora.
* the taxon (species, subspecies, variety) is well-defined, readily identified and represented by a voucher specimen
in a State or National Herbarium. It need not be necessarily be formally described under conventions in the
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, but such a description is preferred and should be undertaken as
soon as possible after listing on the Schedule;
xii
Figure 2. The Esperance District covered by this Program
(Map not available)
xiii
* the taxon must have been thoroughly searched for in most likely habitats in the wild by competent botanists
during the past five years;
* the searches have established that the plant in the wild is either rare, endangered or deemed to be threatened and
in need of special protection, or it is presumed extinct.
Plants may be deleted from the Rare Flora Schedule where:
* recent botanical survey has shown that the taxon is no longer rare, endangered or in need of special protection;
* the taxon is shown to be a hybrid that does not comply with the inclusion criteria;
or
* the taxon is no longer in danger of extinction because it has been adequately protected by reservation of land on
which it occurs or because population numbers have increased beyond the danger point.
4. CALM's Priority Flora List
CALM maintains a Priority Flora List to determine priorities for survey of plants of uncertain conservation status. The
list comprised 1 398 taxa (at October 1992) that were poorly known and in need of further survey or are adequately
surveyed but in need of monitoring. The poorly known taxa are possibly at risk but do not meet the survey requirements
for gazettal as Declared Rare Flora (DRF), as outlined in Policy Statement No. 9. Only those plants considered to be
threatened on the basis of thorough survey or presumed extinct can be included on the DRF Schedule.
The Priority Flora List is divided into the following categories according to the number of known populations and the
degree of perceived threat.
1: Priority One - Poorly known Taxa

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations which are under threat, either due
to small population size, or being on lands under immediate threat, e.g. road verges, urban areas, farmland,
active mineral leases, etc., or the plants are under threat, e.g. from disease, grazing by feral animals, etc. May
include taxa with threatened populations on protected lands. Such taxa are under consideration for declaration
as 'rare flora', but are in urgent need of further survey.
2: Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are not
believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered). Such taxa are under consideration
for declaration as 'rare flora', but are in urgent need of further survey.
3: Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa

Taxa which are known from several populations, and the taxa are not believed to be under immediate
threat (i.e. not currently endangered), either due to the number of known populations (generally >5), or
known populations being large, and either widespread or protected. Such taxa are under consideration for
declaration as 'rare flora' but are in need of further survey.
4: Priority Four - Rare Taxa

Taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, whilst being rare (in
Australia), are not currently threatened by any identifiable factors. These taxa require monitoring every
5-10 years.
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5. Responsibilities within the Department
* Reviewing Departmental policy on Declared Rare Flora is the responsibility of the CALM Corporate Executive;
* Identification of Declared Rare Flora is the initial responsibility of Herbarium staff, but should, with appropriate
training, become a Regional responsibility also;
* Locating Declared Rare Flora is the initial responsibility of Bioconservation Group (CALMScience) staff,
Wildlife Branch and the Western Australian Threatened Species and Communities Unit (WATSCU) (Nature
Conservation Division) and Regional Services Division staff.
* Determination of land status and preparation of material for notification to landowners is the responsibility of
Wildlife Branch;
* Hand-delivered notification to landowners of Declared Rare Flora populations is the responsibility of Regional
staff and Wildlife Branch;
* Maintenance of Declared Rare Flora information and database, and dissemination of these data are the
responsibility of Wildlife Branch;
* Advice on management prescriptions is the responsibility of staff of Bioconservation Group (CALMScience),

Regional Ecologists (Regional Services Division), Wildlife Branch and WATSCU staff;
* Coordination of Recovery Plans and Interim Recovery Plans for threatened taxa is the responsibility of
WATSCU;
* Management, protection and regular inspection of Declared Rare Flora populations is the responsibility of staff
of the Esperance District;
* Enforcement matters relating to the provisions of the Wildlife Conservation Act are the responsibility of Wildlife
Officers in the South Coast Region;
* Implementation and revision of the management program is the responsibility of the South Coast Region
Threatened Flora and Communities Recovery Team.
6. The Esperance District
The Esperance District lies along the eastern south coast of Western Australia, extending eastwards from the Vermin
Proof Fence to the South Australian border and south of the 31°30' parallel. The District measures about 850 km in
east-west dimension and 170 km on average in north-south dimensions. It includes the Shires of Esperance, Dundas and
part of Ravensthorpe (Figure 2). District administration is based in Esperance.
Esperance is one of the two Districts which make up CALM's South Coast Region. The Esperance District contains six
National Parks and about 70 Nature Reserves; fourteen of these conservation reserves each cover an area greater than
5 000 ha. The Dundas Nature Reserve (780 000 ha), Nuytsland Nature Reserve (625 000 ha) and Cape Arid National
Park (280 000 ha) are major reserves within the District. The Esperance District has a total area of 14.5 million ha, with
nearly 2 million ha being managed by CALM (Table 1).
TABLE 1: CALM Managed Public Lands in the Esperance District (CALM 1991)
Land Tenure Area (ha)

National Park 425 460
Nature Reserve 1 508 040
Timber Reserve 3 720
Misc. Reserves 3 800
TOTAL 1 941 020
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Agriculture is principally restricted to coastal areas west of Cape Arid, extending for 60 to 80 km inland, except for the
Salmon Gums area which is about 140 km north of Esperance at the northern limit (Figure 2). There is about 1.5 million
ha of agricultural land in the Esperance District. The main activities are cropping and grazing of sheep and cattle.
Inland, mining is a major activity, especially in the Norseman area. Hatter Hill and Mt Day, located in the north-western
sector of the District, are other areas which attract mining interests. Pastoral leases cover much of the area east of
Balladonia.
Climate
The south coast experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Rainfall decreases
northwards and eastwards across the District, from 674 mm per annum at Esperance to 274 mm at Norseman and 263
mm at Eucla. Along the coast the maximum rainfall is received between May and October, while inland the rain tends
towards non-seasonality with quantities of rain falling due to summer thunderstorms.
Temperatures are strongly influenced by distance from the coast, with inland parts experiencing a far greater range in
mean temperatures than those of Esperance (25° in summer and 7° in winter). In summer, temperatures over 38°C are
common, but strong sea breezes generally provide a cooling effect close to the coast.
Geology
There are three distinct geological units within the Esperance District. The rocks of all three units have been deeply
weathered and are overlain in part by weathered profiles and relatively recent soils.
The Yilgarn Block, formed 2 600 to 3 100 million years ago, lies in the western sector of the District. It consists of a
layered succession of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks which are intruded by granites. Some of these
rocks include the economically important "greenstones" which contain gold and nickel; these are mainly seen around
Norseman.
The Albany-Fraser Province divides the District in a north-south direction and includes the Fraser Range and the area
from Esperance to Cape Arid. Sediments, derived from the erosion of granites and greenstones, were deposited along
the margin of the Yilgarn Block 1 200 to 1 400 million years ago. These were then deformed and intruded by bodies of
molten granite to form various peaks and ranges.
The Bremer and Eucla Sedimentary Basins were formed when the sea encroached over the land in the south coast region
about 135 million years ago. A broad gulf, referred to as the Bremer Basin, formed in the area of the Nullarbor Plain
and sediments dominated by limestone (calcium carbonate) were deposited. To the east of Esperance, spongolite beds
formed from the skeletons of sponges (spicules) which developed in the Bremer Basin.
Physiography and Soils
In the western sector of the Esperance District, apart from the isolated granite hills and low sand dunes, the land surface
is very flat and rises from sea level to a height of about 150 m. Near the coast, river drainages are well developed,
forming steep gorges and river terraces. A small coastal plain is developed in Esperance Bay and is backed by a low
escarpment (about 45 m).
The coast is indented by numerous rock headlands, with Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid rising to about 350 m above sea
level. Offshore, numerous small, steep, rocky islands and reefs, form the Archipelago of the Recherche, and extend for
60 km to the edge of the continental shelf (Morgan and Peers 1973).
Inland on the laterised plateau, chains of small, interconnected salt lakes have formed from internal drainage. In the
south, the clay pans are static, rounded, and give rise to semi-permanent, freshwater swamps. Surrounding areas are
dominated by yellow duplex soils. Northwards, clay pans have developed which are saline, elongated and show a north-
north-westerly migration (Morgan and Peers 1973).
The Lake Hope-Lake Johnston area, in the north-west sector of the District, is gently undulating with the higher ground
separated by ill-defined water courses subject to sheet flooding. The broad valleys containing the lakes are products of
rivers that originally flowed into the Eucla Basin. The lakes are shaped by the prevailing westerly winds; the eastern
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margins have dunes and small salt lakes, while the western side is actively eroded producing rock outcrops. There is
substantial variation in the soil types including red earths, red duplex soils, yellow sands and red and yellow duplex
soils. The only areas of significant relief are the Bremer Range (max. 100 m) and Fitzgerald Peaks, which include Peak
Charles (654 m) and Peak Eleanora (503 m) (Gower and Bunting 1976).
In the northern sector vast plains are interspersed with low rugged ranges and hills, particularly in the vicinity of
Norseman and in the Fraser Range (over 300 m). Yellow sands occur on the laterite residuals. Generally the country is
gently undulating, with internal drainage towards broad valleys of red earth which contain salt lakes. The elongated salt
lake beds are surrounded by loamy calcareous soils.
To the east lies the Bunda Plateau which slopes gently southwards from about 150 m above sea level to about 90 m.
The flatness is largely inherited from the flatness of the Tertiary sea floor and has been perpetuated by uniform erosion.
Projecting above the plains are inliers of Proterozoic rocks, for example Mt Ragged which is composed of quartzite.
The surface of the limestone plateau is characterised by low stony ridges separated by clay flats. Soils are dominated by
shallow calcareous loams. A scarp, known as the Hampton Range, has formed at the southern margin of the plateau.
South of the scarp is a low-lying coastal plain which has chains of elongated lagoons and modern coastal sand dunes
along the fringe (Doepel and Lowry 1970, Lowry 1971, Lowry and Doepel 1974).
Vegetation
Parts of the South-West Botanical Province, the Eremaean Botanical Province, and the South Western Interzone lie
within the Esperance District.
The South-West Botanical Province occupies the south-west of the State, extending from Shark Bay to near Israelite
Bay. Characteristic vegetation includes heath, thicket, mallee, woodland and forest. The Eyre Botanical District
occupies a narrow strip along the south coast with scrub and mallee-heath communities dominating. To the north lies
the Roe Botanical District which typically has mallee, scrub-heath and Allocasuarina thickets.
The Eremaean Botanical Province dominates Western Australia, comprising the arid central portion which is
characterised by hummock grassland, scrub and low woodland. The Eucla Botanical District occupies the south-east
corner of the State, extending eastwards from about Caiguna. Low trees of Acacia papryocarpa, A. aneura and
Allocasuarina cristata grow near the coast with a bluebush steppe of Maireana sedifolia and annual grasses and herbs
grading to a treeless centre.
The South Western Interzone lies between the above two Provinces and encompasses the Coolgardie Botanical District.
Norseman and Eyre are included in this District which is dominated by eucalypt woodlands. On calcareous soils the
woodlands become more open and a saltbush-bluebush understorey appears. Sandplains are characterised by scrub-
heath and Allocasuarina thickets.
7. Botanical History of the Esperance District
The Frenchman, Labillardiere, was the naturalist of the d'Entrecasteaux expedition who visited the south coast with the
corvettes La Recherche and L'Esperance. In December 1792, they were compelled by bad weather to lay anchor for a
week near Esperance Bay. Plant collections were made from a small island within the Bay, as well as the mainland.
Matthew Flinders sailed along the south coast of Western Australia on the Investigator with the botanist, Robert Brown,
artist, Ferdinand Bauer, and gardener and conservator, Peter Good, aboard. They collected plants from King George
Sound during December 1801, and the next month headed east, landing at Lucky Bay and the Archipelago of the
Recherche between 10 and 18 January 1802. Brown travelled west as far as Cape Le Grand, and also visited Mondrain
Island and Middle Island where he collected 29 species. Many of the localities in Brown's diaries have had to be
interpreted as Flinders did not name many of the islands and capes until after the voyage. The diaries are on very poor
paper and written in bad quality ink or pencil. Most entries are mere notes on plants and carelessly written (Mabberley
1985). This has implications for the current List of Priority Flora as a few of the taxa on the List have not been
rediscovered since Robert Brown collected them.
xvii
Excursions to Lucky Bay and Cape Arid were made by W. Baxter who collected for Henchman between 1823 and 1825,
and in 1829.
John Septimus Roe, Surveyor-General, travelled from Avon to the South Coast in 1848-49 and collected plants on the
journey. He reached the Pallinup River in October 1848, then headed eastwards where he named the Bremer Range and
Fitzgerald Peaks (includes Peak Charles) after the then Governor, Charles Fitzgerald. Roe continued eastwards via Mt
Ridley and Mt Ney (named after a horse) until he reached the Russell Range, then returned along the coastline reaching
King George Sound in January 1849.
James Drummond was curator of the Botanic Gardens in Cork, Ireland, before emigrating to the Swan River Colony. In
1848, he and Maxwell explored the country between Bremer Bay and Mid Mt Barren, the eastern limit of Drummond's
excursions. Maxwell later collected on his own, with some of his travels extending "towards the Great Bight".
The overland expedition of Sir John Forrest from Western Australia to Adelaide via Eucla provided some species in
1870. At a later date important collections were sent by Dempster from between his stations at Esperance and Fraser's
Range. Sarah Therese Brooks, who lived at Israelite Bay and later at Balbinia (about 40 km north of Mt Ragged), also
contributed many plants. It is believed that she sent hundreds if not thousands of specimens to Dr Ferdinand von
Mueller in Victoria. Dr Mueller was collaborating with George Bentham who, in 1861, had started to write the seven
volumes of Flora Australiensis. In naming species of Hakea and Scaevola after Miss Brooks, Mueller misspelt her
name and gave it in the form brookeanus (Hamersley, in Carr and Carr 1981).
In October-November 1901, Ludwig Diels travelled from Coolgardie along the direct road to Esperance Bay, partly
through still unexplored country. Cecil R.P. Andrews, an education administrator, collected along the same road in
1904, as well as along the road from the Stirling Range to Esperance. The prospector, Frank Hann, travelled from
Coujinup Hill northwards then east to the Bremer Range in 1901, naming the Johnston Lakes after the Surveyor-
General, H.F. Johnston. Nine years later, Hewby and May travelled a more southern route via Coujinup Hill, south of
Lake Tay to Peak Charles. A number of the Rare and Priority Flora are located along these old, now largely overgrown
routes.
The Government botanists, Charles A. Gardner (1929-1961) and R.D. Royce (1962-1975), collected widely through the
area. The Australian Geographical Society, on their expedition to the Archipelago of the Recherche, was accompanied
by J.H. Willis who wrote accounts of the islands and their flora (Willis 1953, 1959). During the 1960s, John S. Beard
surveyed the eastern south coast region to prepare his vegetation maps and explanatory memoirs which are largely
interpreted from aerial photographs (Beard 1969, 1973a, 1973b). A party from the University of Adelaide worked from
Israelite Bay to Esperance in the spring of 1968 and is understood to have made large collections (Beard 1973a).
The proposed release of land for agriculture in the 1980s prompted a number of botanical surveys to be carried out.
Mark Burgman and Ken Newbey extensively surveyed land north of the existing farmland, extending east of the Vermin
Proof Fence to near the west boundary of Cape Arid National Park (Burgman 1985a, 1985b, Newbey 1983, Burgman
and Newbey 1990). The Mt Beaumont area was also surveyed by Eleanor Bennett (1983). Burgman and Newbey
(1990) found that of the 1 351 vascular plants identified in their survey area, 20 per cent were undescribed taxa and 11
per cent were considered to be rare, geographically restricted or very poorly known. Subsequently, many of the taxa on
the Declared Rare and Priority Flora Lists have been included because of these studies.
Some of the contemporary botanists and collectors who have significantly added to our knowledge on the flora in the
Esperance District include William Archer, Keith Bradby, Ian Brooker, Andrew Brown, Rhonda Bruhn, Robert
Chinnock, Ray Cranfield, Michael Crisp, Thelma Daniell, Alex George, Bernie Haberley, Stephen Hopper, Neville
Marchant, Doug Monk, Laurie Johnston, Greg Keighery, Nathan McQuoid, Bernie Norris, Ria Panhuysen, Jocelyn
Powell, Libby Sandiford, Ian Solomon, Coral Turley, Malcolm Trudgen, Arthur Weston, Paul Wilson and Don Voigt.
xviii
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GLOSSARY
achene a small, dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit
acute terminating in a distinct but not protracted point, the converging edges separated by an
angle of less than 90o
aeolian wind blown
alternate of leaves or other lateral organs, borne singly at different heights on the axils
annual a plant whose life span ends within one year after germination
anther that part of the stamen which contains the pollen
aril a fleshy appendage of the seed, growing near the seed stalk
awn a bristle-like appendage
axil the angle between a leaf or bract and the axis bearing it. adj. axillary
beak a prominent terminal projection
bract a leaf-like structure, different in form from foliage leaves and without an axillary bud,
associated with an inflorescence or flower
bracteoles a small bract-like structure borne singly or in pairs on the stalk or calyx of a flower
calyx the sepals of one flower collectively
callus a hard thickened part, e.g. on the labellum of some orchids; adj. callous
capsule a dry fruit formed from two or more united carpels and dehiscing at maturity to release
seeds
cilia in higher plants, hairs more or less confined to the margins of an organ; adj. ciliate
claw a narrow, stalk-like basal portion of a petal, sepal or bract
concave curved like the inside of a sphere or circle
corolla the petals of a flower collectively
corymb an inflorescence in which the lowest flower stalks continue to grow until they reach
approximately the same level as the terminal one, so that all the flowers are brought to the
same level; the oldest flowers are at the edges
culm the stem of grasses, usually hollow except at the nodes
cyme an inflorescence in which each flower, in turn, is formed at the tip of a growing axis
and further flowers are formed on branches arising below it; oldest flowers are in the
centre not on the edges
deciduous falling seasonally
decussate in pairs, with successive pairs borne at right angles to each other
dehiscent breaking open at maturity to release the contents
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disc a plate or rim of tissue, derived from the receptacle of a flower, occurring between
whorls of floral parts
elliptic oval in outline, widest at the centre
ephemeral a short-lived plant
exserted protruding
filament the stalk of a stamen
floret a grass flower, together with the lemma and palea that enclose it (often applied to
flowers in Cyperaceae and Asteraceae)
free not fused or united (with other organs)
fruit the seed-bearing structure in angiosperms formed from the ovary after flowering
genus a group of species believed to be related phylogenetically and usually clearly separable
from other such groups, or a single species without close relatives; pl. genera
gland a structure, without or on the surface of the plant, with a secretory function
glandular bearing glands; functioning as a gland
glaucous blue-green in colour, with a whitish bloom
glume a dry, scaly bract
habit the growth form of a plant, comprising its size, shape, texture and orientation
habitat the environment in which the plant lives
herb any vascular plant that never produces a woody stem
herbaceous not woody; soft in texture
hybrid an offspring of genetically different parents
indusium a cup enclosing the stigma
inflorescence the group or arrangement in which flowers are borne on a plant
internode the portion of a stem between the level of insertion of two successive leaves or leaf
pairs (or branches of an inflorescence)
involucre a whorl of bracts surrounding the head of a flower and rising from its base
keel applied to the two front-united petals of a flower in Papilionaceae
keeled of leaves or bracts, folded and ridged along the midrib; ridged like the keel of a boat
labellum a lip; in Orchidaceae, the distinctive median petal that serves as an alighting platform for
pollinating insects
lanceolate of a leaf, about four times as long as broad, broadest at the lower half and tapering
towards the tip
leaflet one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf
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legume a fruit characteristic of the families Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Papilionaceae,
formed from one carpel and either dehiscing along both sides, or indehiscent
lignotuber a woody swelling below or just above the ground, containing adventitious buds from
which new shoots develop if the top of the plant is cut or burnt
ligule the apical part of a petal in the flowers of Sterculiaceae; the strap-shaped petal-like corolla
of the outer florets in the heads of Asteraceae; a membranous of ciliate projection from the
junction of the leaf-sheath and the blade in a grass
linear very narrow in relation to the length, and with the sides parallel
mallee a growth habit in which several woody stems arise separately from a lignotuber
(usually applied to shrubby eucalypts)
midrib the central, and usually the most prominent, vein of a leaf or leaf-like organ
nerve a vein
node the level (transverse plane) of a stem at which one or more leaves arise
oblanceolate similar in shape to lanceolate but attached at the narrower end
oblong having the length greater than the width but not many times greater, and the sides
parallel
obovate similar in shape to ovate but attached at the narrower end
obtuse blunt or rounded at the apex, the converging edges separated by an angle greater than 90
degrees
orbicular circular or nearly so
ovate shaped like a section through a long axis of an egg, and attached by the wider end
panicle a compound raceme; an indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on
branches of the main axis or on further branches of these
pappus a tuft (or ring) of hairs or scales borne above the ovary and outside the corolla in
Asteraceae
pedicel the stalk of a flower
peduncle the stalk of an inflorescence
perennial a plant whose life-span extends over more than two growing seasons
perianth the calyx and corolla of a flower, especially where the two are similar
petal a member of the inner whorl of non-fertile parts surrounding the fertile organs of a
flower, usually soft and coloured conspicuously
phyllode a leaf whose blade is much reduced or absent, and whose petiole and rachis have
assumed the function of a whole leaf
pod a leguminous fruit
prostrate lying flat on the ground
raceme an indeterminate inflorescence in which a main axis produces a series of flowers on the
lateral stalks, the oldest at the base and the youngest at the top
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recurved curved or curled downwards or backwards
scale a reduced or rudimentary leaf
sepal a member or the (usually green) outer whorl of non-fertile parts surrounding the fertile
organs of a flower
sessile without a stalk
shrub a woody plant less than 5 m tall, either without a distinct main axis, or with branches
persisting on the main axis almost to its base
species a taxon comprising individuals, or populations of individuals, capable of interbreeding to

produce fertile offspring; the largest group of individuals between which there are no distinguishable, consistent
differences in form or reproductive mechanisms
spike an unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are without stalks
spine a stiff, sharp-pointed structure, formed by modification of a plant organ
spinescent ending in a spine; modified to form a spine
stamen the male organ of seed-forming plants, consisting of the pollen bearing anther and
supported by the filament
staminode a sterile stamen
standard the posterior petal in the flower in Papilionaceae
stellate star-shaped; consisting of star-shaped cells
stigma the female part of the flower which receives the pollen and is supported by the style
style the stalk joining the stigma to the ovary
taxon a group or category, at any level, in a system for classifying plants or animals
trifoliolate having three leaflets
tepal a segment or unit of a perianth that is not clearly differentiated into calyx or corolla
umbel a racemose inflorescence in which all the individual flower stalks arise in a cluster at the
top of the peduncle and are of about equal length
venation the arrangement of veins in a leaf
wing a membranous expansion of a fruit or seed, which aids dispersal; a thin flange of tissue
extended beyond the normal outline of a stem or petiole; a lateral petal of a flower in
Papilionaceae
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PART FOUR: THE PLAN FOR MANAGEMENT
1. Determining Priorities
This section assesses the conservation status of each species of Declared Rare Flora (DRF) within the Esperance District
and makes recommendations for protection, research and management. On the basis of these recommendations, each
species was ranked on a scale of 1 to 3 under 15 categories (Table 2) recognised as potential threats or management
requirements. Species with a low degree of threat or urgency for management and research action were given a score of
1. Those with a high degree of threat were allocated a score of 3. Species neither threatened nor in need of action were
marked with a dash. The scores were summed for each of the 23 species and for each threat/requirement category.
Table 2 summarises the perceived threats, and management and research requirements for each species of extant DRF in
the Esperance District.
Table 3 lists the 23 species of extant DRF in priority order according to the urgency of their requirement for
management action. Species with a high ranking score are most threatened and/or most in need of action. It is intended
that all requirements for each species, as outlined in the previous species treatments, will be implemented. Work will be
conducted, programmed or deferred according to priority, available funds and existing resources and workloads.
Attention is directed to Table 2 to determine which taxa should have priority for management actions. This will enable
resources and staff within the Esperance District to be allocated where they are most urgently required.
Species most in need of attention for a particular management or research requirement can be determined from Table 2.
Ranking the categories illustrates which are the most critical threats/management requirements in the District.
2. Management and Research Actions
The following details the threats/management requirements given in Table 2.
(i) Small declining populations
Species were ranked according to the known numbers of plants:
Rank No. of Plants
3 <250 or unknown
2 250 - 1 000
1 1 000+
A number of species of DRF have very small population sizes making them particularly vulnerable to localised
disturbance. Species at risk in some or all of their known populations are:
Adenanthos eyrei
Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor
Caladenia exstans ms
Daviesia microcarpa
Eucalyptus insularis
Eucalyptus merrickiae
Lambertia echinata
Myoporum turbinatum
Rhizanthella gardneri
(ii) Accidental destruction during road/rail/public utility maintenance
A number of populations of DRF and Priority taxa in the Esperance District occur on, or partly on, road and to a lesser
extent rail reserves. Except for the areas of recent land release, most road/rail reserves are only one or two chains (20 or
40 m) wide, which includes the road itself and one or more public utilities. The narrow reserves are affected, both
directly and indirectly, by the use and nature of adjoining lands (predominantly agriculture). Threats include weed
invasion, periodic grazing (road reserves are sometimes used as stock routes), drift of chemical sprays and fertilisers,
fenceline maintenance and periodic burning. Being access routes, the vegetation on road reserves can also be affected
by rubbish dumping, uncontrolled vehicle access, wildflower picking and camping. The location of populations of Rare
Flora in more secure larger patches of remnant vegetation should always be a high priority.
xxx
The majority of road reserves are managed by local authorities or Main Roads W.A., and rail reserves by Westrail.
DRF can be accidentally damaged during road works such as maintenance operations (grading, weed control), drainage
works, minor and major road/rail upgrading, metal dumps and gravel/sand extraction. These authorities all use contract
personnel and equipment as well as permanent staff for these operations. Management and field personnel within Shires
and the two government agencies need to know where the populations of DRF and Priority Flora occur to avoid
accidental destruction of plants. This is carried out currently by notification letters from CALM and the use of linear
markers in the field.
Above- and below-ground utilities such as power lines, water pipelines and telecommunication lines generally follow
road and rail reserves. As many threatened or Priority Flora populations occur on these narrow linear reserves, any
maintenance, upgrading or management of these utilities close to known populations can damage plants. This will
generally be in the form of mechanical damage to plants by machinery and equipment. However, some agencies control
weeds around poles or along pipelines with residual chemicals, which can kill or damage native plants. Such chemicals
should not be used adjacent to DRF populations.
Main Roads W.A. has developed a permanent, but discrete field marking system for demarcation of environmentally
significant areas on road reserves. CALM has adopted this system to mark DRF and Priority Flora populations
occurring along linear routes both on CALM land and other areas. Local Shires have also been encouraged to adopt
such a system. However, there can be problems with roadside markers, as many people now recognise them and smaller
plants can be trampled by 'tourists' and removed by unscrupulous plant collectors. Populations most urgently in need of
linear marking on road reserves, CALM and other lands are:
Boronia revoluta
Conostylis lepidospermoides
Daviesia microcarpa
Eucalyptus cerasiformis
Eucalyptus platydisca ms
Myoporum turbinatum
(iii) Invasive weeds
Invasive weeds pose a significant threat to a some populations particularly those on the narrow road reserves managed
by local authorities. In many cases, effective weed control strategies involving herbicide treatments or mechanical
removal have yet to be developed for most threatened flora populations because of the large number of invasive weed
species and differences in weed composition between sites. Taxa which should be monitored for invasive weeds are:
Myoporum turbinatum
(iv) Grazing
DRF populations on private property in the District are generally on farmland where they require protection from
grazing by domestic stock. In many situations landholders themselves have excluded stock, and in others CALM has
provided fencing as part of formal agreements. Rabbits are a widespread and often overlooked problem, particularly on
sandy soils and granite outcrop areas. Both of these habitats contain many DRF species. Other feral animals (e.g. goats)
have been detected in more remote areas. Monitoring of the following taxa is required:
Myriophyllum petraeum
(v) Mining activities
The mining industry is centred around Norseman, along with pockets of activity in the north-west sector (including
Hatter Hill and Mt Day) of the Esperance District. Numerous DRF and Priority taxa occur in these areas and are
generally poorly surveyed. Mining activities which may affect DRF include exploration (clearing of survey lines,
drilling and costean operations), actual mine site establishment, provision of services (road making, power) and
increased recreation activity by mine workers. Close liaison between companies, CALM, the Department of Minerals
and Energy, Department of Environmental Protection and the Environmental Protection Authority is essential. Species
most at risk are:
xxxi
Boronia revoluta
(vi) Phytophthora dieback
Insufficient data are currently available to accurately assess the impact of the soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthora
species, on DRF in the Esperance District. In at least some cases plants not destroyed by direct infection may be
severely affected by resultant structural and ecological changes in ecological communities which have the disease.
Disturbances such as road construction are known to promote the spread of the disease, particularly in moist, relatively
low-lying sites unless carried out under strictly controlled hygiene conditions. Any operations in localities likely to
support the pathogen should be conducted under strict hygiene conditions. Phytophthora poses a very significant threat
to the three remaining plants of Lambertia echinata.
(vii) Land clearing and associated agricultural activities
Many threatened taxa within the Esperance District lie within the agricultural zone. Populations may be endangered by
clearing of land, installation of firebreaks, spray drift, changes in drainage and/or water tables, and increased nutrients.
Other associated threats such as grazing and invasive weeds are discussed above. Species at risk are:

Caladenia voigtii ms
Myoporum turbinatum
Prostanthera carrickiana
(viii) Liaison with landholders
Close association and cooperation with private landholders, local authorities, land managers, mining companies and
government agencies (e.g. DEP, Ministry for Planning, DOLA, Western Power and Main Roads W.A.) is essential to
ensure the continued survival of the majority of DRF in the Esperance District. Survival of some taxa currently relies on
the goodwill of local Shires and private landowners. Departmental staff are required to provide advice and assistance,
regarding conservation and management, to landholders and other agencies with Rare Flora populations on land under
their control. Landowners are requested to arrange their operations so that the area of Rare Flora will not be destroyed
or damaged in any way. Priority species for staff liaison with landowners or managers are:
Boronia revoluta
Daviesia microcarpa
Myoporum turbinatum
(ix) Land acquisition
Acquisition of land by the Department, by donation, exchange or purchase, is required for those species not well
represented on conservation reserves. DRF occurring on land reserved for nature conservation are generally considered
to be less threatened than those on land designated for other purposes. It should be noted, however, that their presence
on a reserve contributes to, but does not guarantee, population survival. Reserves, like other areas, are subject to
disturbances such as weed invasion, fire, altered drainage and water tables, grazing, disease, and where approved,
mining activities.
Species were ranked according to the known number of conservation reserves in which the populations grow:
Rank No. Populations in

Conservation Reserves
3 nil
xxxii
2 1
1 >1
- all
The following are Priority species for land acquisition:
Billardiera mollis
Boronia revoluta
Daviesia microcarpa
Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata
Eucalyptus platydisca
(x) Survey taxa
Species were ranked according to their known distributional range:
Rank Range
3 <25 km
2 25-100 km
1 >100 km
Further survey of suitable habitats in the wild to locate other populations is a requirement for almost all of the DRF in
the Esperance District. Two taxa (Adenanthos eyrei and Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia) were found to be very
geographically restricted, but were considered reasonably 'safe' in a conservation reserve. Taxa that are most urgently in
need of intensive field surveys are:
Billardiera mollis
Daviesia microcarpa
Eucalyptus platydisca
Lambertia echinata
Myoporum turbinatum
Prostanthera carrickiana
(xi) Resurvey and mapping of known populations
For most populations early records and location plans have been very poor, with many only known from herbarium
specimens or vague locations. Although Rare Flora Report Forms and detailed site plans are available for many
populations there are a number which still require this base-line survey information.
After initial detailed assessment each population in the District should be resurveyed at least once every five years to
observe fluctuations in population numbers and to monitor changes. Species were ranked according to the proportion of
populations visited since 1990:
Rank Populations surveyed (since 1990)
3 <25%
2 25-75%
1 >75%
The following species are in urgent need of mapping and resurvey of known populations:

Billardiera mollis
(xii) Monitoring of populations

xxxiii
Surveys to provide information on population dynamics, plant longevity and regeneration, as well monitoring changes in
habitat which may threaten survival are required for all DRF. The following groups of species have highest priority for
the establishment of permanent monitoring plots and for more intense monitoring at regular intervals:
- Species which require specialised annual/biannual monitoring to assess population dynamics:
Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia

- Short-lived disturbance species which are not generally found in the wild without some disturbance event, and
require special monitoring to determine their longevity:

Billardiera mollis
Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata
Myoporum turbinatum
- Species with small population numbers which require at least annual monitoring as any damage or loss of plants may
result in local extinction:
Boronia revoluta
Daviesia microcarpa
Lambertia echinata
(xiii) Research in particular fire and disturbance ecology
Few of the DRF in the District have been the subject of detailed studies. Research into their taxonomy, genetic systems,
population biology and ecology is needed to determine the best means of protecting and managing populations.
Response to different fire regimes, drought tolerance, and the impact of bees on native pollinators (particularly of
members of the Orchidaceae) require attention. The following species are in most urgent need of research:

Daviesia microcarpa
Lambertia echinata
Myoporum turbinatum
More specifically a number of taxa, particularly those known from only one or a few localities, require urgent research
on their fire ecology and should where possible be excluded or protected from fire until appropriate fire regimes have
been developed by both research and regional staff. Taxa which may require protection/exclusion from fire until
specific fire regimes have been developed are:
Boronia revoluta
Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia
Lambertia echinata
Myoporum turbinatum
Ricinocarpus trichophorus
(xiv) Seed collection, storage and propagation
Collection and long-term storage of germ-plasm (seed or tissues) from wild populations of DRF provides a source of
propagation material for future re-establishment. Priority for collection of this material will depend upon the degree of
threat to the species. CALM is undertaking work in this area through its Threatened Flora Seed Centre at the
Herbarium.
Although conservation of DRF in the wild is the highest priority, all species should ideally be established in a
germplasm storage program. This would ensure safety against extinction, particularly for those species known in the
xxxiv
wild from only a few individuals. Kings Park and Botanic Garden have an active propagation research program and
currently hold living collections of a number of DRF.
(xv) Re-establishment in suitable habitats in the wild
Taxa poorly represented on conservation reserves and considered critically endangered should be propagated and re-
established in suitable, less vulnerable habitats on land designated for nature conservation. Species requiring re-
establishment into the wild by CALM staff under approved management programs are:
Daviesia microcarpa
Lambertia echinata
3. Priority Flora in the Esperance District
The conservation status of the Priority Flora in the Esperance District was assessed in Part 3. Recommended status,
based on recent surveys, is listed in Table 4. The priority for conservation action in the Esperance District is:
Poorly known taxa in need of further survey

- Priority One
- Priority Two
- Priority Three
Taxa requiring monitoring

- Priority Four
4. Assistance from Volunteers and Information Systems
(i) Rare flora volunteers
In recent years CALM has used volunteers to assist with a number of flora surveys including the Banksia Atlas, the Rare
Eucalypt Survey and the Rare Poison Plant Survey. In 1990, CALM initiated a Rare Flora Volunteer Program. The
Esperance District has a list of volunteers who are willing to work on various projects. Currently the Wildflower
Society updates and incorporates flora specimens into the herbarium at the Esperance Office.
A significant number of new populations of DRF and Priority taxa have been located by amateur botanists, either
individuals or members of groups such as the Orchid Society, Wildflower Society of Western Australia and the
Naturalist's Club. Such groups and individuals should be given every encouragement to continue their good work.
(ii) District recording systems
Confidential registers, with precise locality details of known populations, are maintained in the Esperance District office
and in the central record system at CALM's head office in Como. The register is updated as required. Information on
populations on CALM land will also be retained on individual nature reserve files.
(iiii) Herbarium specimens
The Western Australian Herbarium has requested voucher specimens from all populations of DRF and Priority species.
Specimens of DRF can only be collected with written approval from the Minister. Colour slide photographs of DRF are
requested for the 'DELTA.RED' project, aimed at capturing a computerised image of each threatened taxon.
The District aims to collect a representative specimen of each of its DRF and Priority taxa, to be lodged at the Esperance
Office with duplicate vouchers in Perth.
5. Conservation and Management of Special Areas
The Esperance District is of national importance due to its diversity of endemic flora. Current records show 25 DRF
species (includes 2 presumed extinct) and 191 Priority taxa.
xxxv
A number of areas have been proposed as conservation reserves. River corridors have been surveyed in 1991 for the
Young River and Lort River to ascertain their potential to act as functional corridors for wildlife and their value as
nature reserves in their own right. A number of Priority taxa were found to occur in these corridors, especially near the
Lort River. Management of these areas, in consultation with local landowners, local authorities and government
agencies, is required.
Jimberlana Hill and the surrounding area, north-east of Norseman, supports some threatened species. Ongoing liaison
with mining companies, Dundas Shire and Main Roads W.A., to ensure the conservation of this area is needed.
6. Implementation and Term of the Management Program
A recovery team will be appointed which will oversee and report annually to the Corporate Executive on the
implementation of this Management Program.
This Program will run for a period of 10 years, unless subsequent research or changes to the Schedule of Declared Rare
Flora cause it to be superseded earlier. During this period, the Department of CALM may institute any changes to the
provisions outlined in this program as are found, through further research, to be necessary for conservation of the
Declared Rare Flora and Priority taxa in the Esperance District.
xxxvi
TABLE 2. ESPERANCE DISTRICT DECLARED RARE FLORA SCORED (1-3) ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF THREAT OR URGENCY FOR MANAGEMENT AND
RESEARCH ACTION.
THREATS MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
SPECIES
Adenanthos eyrei 3 - - - - 2 - - - 3 1 2 2 3 - 16
Adenanthos ileticos 1 2 1 - - 2 - 1 - 1 - - - 1 - 9
Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor* 3 - - 1 - - 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 - 22
Billardiera mollis* 2 2 - 1 1 - 1 - 3 3 3 3 2 3 - 24
Boronia revoluta 2 3 - - 3 - - 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 - 27
Caladenia exstans ms* 3 - - - - - 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 - 20
Caladenia voigtii ms 2 - - 1 - - 2 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 - 21
Conostylis lepidospermoides 2 3 1 - - - 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 - 23
Daviesia microcarpa 3 3 - 1 - - - 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 29
Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia 2 - - - - - - - - 3 1 3 3 3 - 15
Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata* 1 2 - - - - 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 - 15
Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms* 1 - - - - - - - 3 3 2 3 2 3 - 17
Eucalyptus cerasiformis 2 3 - - 3 - - 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 - 26
Eucalyptus insularis 3 - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 3 - 14
xxxvii
Eucalyptus merrickiae 3 3 - - - - 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 - 23
Eucalyptus platydisca ms 1 2 - - 1 - - 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 - 19
Kennedia beckxiana* 1 - - - - - - 2 1 2 - 1 1 2 - 10
Lambertia echinata 3 - - - - 3 - - - 3 2 3 3 3 3 23
Myoporum turbinatum* 3 3 2 1 - - 2 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 - 29
Myriophyllum petraeum 1 - - 2 - - 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 - 16
Prostanthera carrickiana 1 - - - - - 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 - 19
Rhizanthella gardneri 3 - - 2 - - 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 - 23
Ricinocarpos trichophorus 1 - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 3 3 - 15
TOTAL 47 26 4 9 8 7 21 35 36 49 42 53 50 61 6
* disturbance opportunist
xxxviii
TABLE 3. ESPERANCE DISTRICT DECLARED RARE FLORA RANKED IN PRIORITY
ORDER FOR PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT ACTION
Species requiring highest priority (ranked >22)

Rank Total*
29 Daviesia microcarpa
29 Myoporum turbinatum
27 Boronia revoluta
26 Eucalyptus cerasiformis
24 Billardiera mollis
23 Conostylis lepidospermoides
23 Eucalyptus merrickiae
23 Lambertia echinata
23 Rhizanthella gardneri
Species requiring high priority (ranked 19-22)

22 Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor
21 Caladenia voigtii ms
20 Caladenia exstans ms
19 Eucalyptus platydisca ms
19 Prostanthera carrickiana
Species requiring medium priority (ranked 14-17)

17 Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms
16 Adenanthos eyrei
16 Myriophyllum petraeum
15 Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia
15 Ricinocarpus trichophorus
15 Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata
14 Eucalyptus insularis
Species recommended for deletion from the Declared Rare Flora List (ranked <14)
10 Kennedia beckxiana
9 Adenanthos ileticos
* Rank totals are derived from the 15 categories of threats/management requirements given in Table 2.
xxxix
TABLE 4. PRIORITY ONE, TWO AND THREE SPECIES LISTS WITH RECOMMENDED
STATUS INDICATED
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Species Recommended Status

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Priority One taxa

Acacia diaphana ms P1
Acacia diminuta ms P1
Acacia dorsenna P1*
Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva ms P1
Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b) P1
Allocasuarina globosa P1
Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra P3
Caladenia tentaculata P1
Chorizema circinale P1*
Chorizema nervosum P4
Coleanthera coelophylla P1
Conostephium marchantiorum P3
Conostephium uncinatum P1
Dampiera sericantha P1
Darwinia calothamnoides P1
Darwinia sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9775) P2
Darwinia sp. Mt Ney (M.A.Burgman & S.McNee 1274) P2
Dicrastylis archeri P1
Dicrastylis capitellata P1
Diuris concinna P2
Dodonaea hexandra P1
Drosera salina P1
Drosera sp. Hatter Hill (G.J.Barrett 15.9.89) P1
Eremophila chamaephila P2
Eremophila compressa P1
Eremophila oblonga ms Delete
Eriostemon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 1535) P1
Eucalyptus burgmaniana ms P1
Eucalyptus delicata P3
Eucalyptus jimberlanica P1*
Eucalyptus varia subsp. salsuginosa P1
Eucalyptus sp. B Ravensthorpe (K.R.Newbey 9715) P1
Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532) P1
Gonocarpus pycnostachyus P1
Gonocarpus simplex P2
Gratiola pedunculata P2
Grevillea phillipsiana P1
Gyrostemon ditrigynus P3
Halgania tomentosa P3
Haloragis sp. Ravensthorpe (K.R.Newbey 8269) P1
Hydatella australis P2
Hydrocotyle hispidula P2
Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove (M.A.Burgman 4419) Delete
Leucopogon blepharolepis P2
Leucopogon florulentus P1
Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill (K.R.Newbey 9831) P1
Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill (M.A.Burgman 1207) P2
_________________________________________
*With highest priority for further survey and consideration for gazettal as DRF
Delete - species recommended to be taken off the Priority Flora list
Leucopogon sp. Condingup (M.A.Burgman 1377) P2
447
Leucopogon sp. Coujinup (M.A.Burgman 1085) P1
Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1126) Delete Leucopogon
sp. Mount Heywood (M.A.Burgman 1211) P3
Leucopogon sp. Munglinup (K.R.Newbey 8123) P1
Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp (K.R.Newbey 8173) P1
Leucopogon sp. South Coast (K.R.Newbey 8213) P1
Melaleuca agathosmoides P1
Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta P1*
Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia P2
Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup (M.A.Burgman 3898) P1
Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6546) P1
Mirbelia densiflora P2
Myoporum velutinum ms P2
Otion rigidum ms P3
Persoonia baeckeoides P1
Phebalium rude subsp. lineare P2
Phlegmatospermum richardsii P1
Pimelea halophila P2
Pimelea pelinos P1
Pultenaea sp. Mt Beaumont (K.R.Newbey 7928) P1
Rulingia tratmanii Delete
Scaevola sp. Swallow Rock (K.R.Newbey 9677) P1
Spyridium minutum Delete
Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9773) P1
Styphelia pulchella P3
Thysanotus baueri P3
Verticordia sieberi var. pachyphylla P2
Priority Two Taxa

Acacia amyctica P3
Acacia asepala ms P2
Acacia carnosula ms P2
Acacia castanostegia ms P3
Acacia incanicarpa ms P2
Acacia kerryana P1
Acacia nitidula P3
Acacia ophiolithica P3
Acacia profusa ms Delete
Acacia tetraptera ms Delete
Acrotriche patula P3
Andersonia macranthera Delete
Angasomyrtus salina P4
Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald (G.J.Keighery 8376) P2
Astroloma sp. Grass Patch (A.J.G.Wilson 110) P1*
Banksia epica P4
Bentleya diminuta P2
Boronia coriacea P2
Caesia viscida P2
Calandrinia porifera P2
Calochilus sp. Hopetoun (H.Taylor s.n.) P2
Chthonocephalus multiceps P2
Comesperma lanceolatum P2
Conospermum filifolium subsp. sigmoideum P2
Dampiera decurrens P3
Dampiera orchardii P1
_________________________________________
Darwinia luehmanii Delete

Darwinia sp. Peak Charles (A.S.George 10627) P2
448
Daviesia campephylla P2
Daviesia pauciflora P2
Dillwynia acerosa P2
Elachanthus pusillus P2
Eremophila lactea P1*
Eriostemon apiculatus P2
Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms P3
Eucalyptus litorea P2
Eucalyptus misella P1
Eucalyptus pterocarpa P2
Eucalyptus spreta ms Delete
Gastrolobium heterophyllum P3
Gastrolobium rigidum Delete
Goodenia quadrilocularis P3
Goodenia trichophylla P2
Grevillea superba P3
Haegiela tatei P3
Isolepis sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1515) P1
Isopogon alcicornis P2*
Lasiopetalum maxwellii P3
Lepyrodia fortunata ms P2
Leucopogon breviflorus (Israelite Bay) P3
Leucopogon interruptus P2
Leucopogon multiflorus P2
Leucopogon pleurandroides P2
Leucopogon rotundifolius P4
Levenhookia pulcherrima P2
Melaleuca fissurata Delete
Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa P2
Melaleuca sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 4018) P2
Microcorys virgata P3
Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154) P2
Olearia laciniifolia P2
Opercularia hirsuta P2
Opercularia rubioides P2
Paracaleana sp. Nuytsland (A.P.Brown s.n.) P2
Patersonia inaequalis P2
Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman 4424) P2
Phlegmatospermum eremaeum P2
Pimelea graniticola P2
Scaevola brookeana P2
Spyridium mucronatum subsp. mucronatum ms Delete
Spyridium mucronatum subsp. multiflorum ms Addition (P2)
Stipa exilis Delete
Thysanotus brachyantherus P2
Thysanotus parviflorus P3
Trachymene croniniana P2
Priority Three Taxa

Acacia eremophila var. variabilis P1
Acacia euthyphylla ms P4
Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa P4
Acacia octonervia P4
Acacia pritzeliana Delete
_________________________________________
Acacia singula P3
Adenanthos gracilipes P3
Allocasuarina eriochlamys subsp. grossa P3
449
Banksia lullfitzii P3
Boronia fabianoides P3
Caladenia longicauda subsp. rigidula Delete
Centrolepis cephaloformis subsp. murrayi P2
Chorizema ulotropis P3
Cypselocarpus haloragoides P3
Dicrastylis obovata P2
Dodonaea trifida P3
Dryandra viscida P1
Eremophila purpurascens P3
Eucalyptus brockwayi P3
Eucalyptus creta P3
Eucalyptus exigua P3
Eucalyptus famelica P4
Eucalyptus histophylla P3
Eucalyptus ovularis Delete
Eucalyptus semiglobosa P3
Gahnia sp. Grass Patch (M.A.Burgman 4431) Delete
Grevillea aneura Delete
Hakea bicornata Delete
Hopkinsia adscendens ms P3
Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum P3
Leucopogon apiculatus Delete
Leucopogon brevicuspis P3
Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella P3
Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides P2
Myriocephalus appendiculatus P3
Persoonia scabra P2
Pityrodia chrysocalyx P3
Platysace haplosciadea P3
Pomaderris intangenda Delete
Siegfriedia darwinioides P3
Sphenotoma parviflorum P2
Verticordia verticordina P3
_________________________________________
450
TABLE 5. Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in the Esperance District as at 1992. Conservation status
updated to December 1999.
451
Declared Rare Flora
Conservation Code
A. Extant Taxa
Adenanthos eyrei ............................................ R
Adenanthos ileticos........................................P4
Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor ................ R
Billardiera mollis............................................ R
Boronia revoluta............................................. R
Caladenia exstans ms ....................................P4
Caladenia voigtii ms......................................P4
Conostylis lepidospermoides .......................... R
Daviesia microcarpa ...................................... R
Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia ............ R
Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata .... R
Eremophila denticulata subsp.
trisulcata ms ...............................................P4
Eucalyptus cerasiformis.................................. R
Eucalyptus insularis ....................................... R
Eucalyptus merrickiae .................................... R
Eucalyptus platydisca ms ............................... R
Kennedia beckxiana.......................................P4
Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata ............... R
Myoporum turbinatum.................................... R
Myriophyllum petraeum.................................P4
Prostanthera carrickiana...............................P4
Rhizanthella gardneri ..................................... R
Ricinocarpos trichophorus ............................. R
Presumed Extinct Taxa

Opercularia acolytantha................................. X
Taraxacum cygnorum ..................................... X
A. Priority One taxa

Acacia diaphana ms ......................................P1
Acacia diminuta ms .......................................P1
Acacia dorsenna ............................................P1
Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva ms...............P2
Acacia sp. Esperance
(M.A.Burgman 1833b)................................P1
Allocasuarina globosa...................................P1
Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra................P1
Caladenia tentaculata
(now C. longifimbriata) ..............................P1
Chorizema circinale.......................................P1
Chorizema nervosum ...............................Delete
Coleanthera coelophylla................................P1
Conostephium marchantiorum ......................P1
Conostephium uncinatum ..............................P1
Dampiera sericantha .....................................P1
Darwinia calothamnoides ms ........................P1
Darwinia sp. Mt Baring
(K.R.Newbey 9775) ....................................P1
Darwinia sp. Mt Ney (M.A.Burgman &
S.McNee 1274) ...........................................P1
Dicrastylis archeri .........................................P1
Dicrastylis capitellata....................................P1
Diuris concinna .............................................P1
Dodonaea hexandra ......................................P1
Drosera salina ...............................................P2
Drosera sp. Hatter Hill
(G.J.Barrett 15.9.89)(now D. browniana)...P2
Eremophila chamaephila...............................P2
cdlii
Eremophila compressa ..................................P1
Eremophila oblonga ms...........................Delete
Eriostemon sp. Cascades
(M.A.Burgman 1535) (now Philotheca gardneri subsp. globosa) P1
Eucalyptus burgmaniana ms .........................P1
Eucalyptus delicata..................................Delete
Eucalyptus jimberlanica ................................P1
Eucalyptus varia subsp. salsuginosa .............P1
Eucalyptus sp. B Ravensthorpe
(K.R.Newbey 9715)(aff. platypus)..............P1
Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532)..P1
Gonocarpus pycnostachyus ...........................P3
Gonocarpus simplex ......................................P3
Gratiola pedunculata.....................................P2
Grevillea phillipsiana ....................................P1
Gyrostemon ditrigynus...................................P4
Halgania tomentosa.......................................P2
Haloragis sp. Ravensthorpe
(K.R.Newbey 8269) ....................................P1
Hydatella australis ........................................P1
Hydrocotyle hispidula..............................Delete
Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove
(M.A.Burgman 4419)..................................P1
Leucopogon blepharolepis ............................P3
Leucopogon florulentus .................................P2
Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill
(K.R.Newbey 9831) ....................................P1
Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill
(M.A.Burgman 1207)(aff. breviflorus) .......P1
Leucopogon sp. Condingup
(M.A.Burgman 1377)(aff. concinnus) ........P1
Leucopogon sp. Coujinup
(M.A.Burgman 1085)..................................P1
Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock
(M.A.Burgman 1126)..................................P1
Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood
(M.A.Burgman 1211)..................................P1
Leucopogon sp. Munglinup
(K.R.Newbey 8123) ....................................P1
Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp
(K.R.Newbey 8173) ....................................P1
Leucopogon sp. South Coast
(K.R.Newbey 8213) ....................................P1
Melaleuca agathosmoides .............................P1
Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta
(now Melaleuca dempta) ............................P3
Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia.................P3
Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup
(M.A.Burgman 3898)..................................P1
Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill
(K.R.Newbey 6546)(aff. pauciflora) ..........P1
Mirbelia densiflora ........................................P1
Myoporum velutinum ms ...............................P1
Otion rigidum ms...........................................P2
Persoonia baeckeoides ..................................P1
Phebalium rude subsp. lineare
(now Rhadinothamnus rudis subsp.
linearis).......................................................P4
Phlegmatospermum richardsii.......................P1
Pimelea halophila..........................................P2
Pimelea pelinos..............................................P1
cdliii
Pultenaea sp. Mt Beaumont
(K.R.Newbey 7928)(now P. conferta) ..Delete
Rulingia tratmannii..................................Delete
Scaevola sp. Swallow Rock (K.R.Newbey
9677) (now S. humifusa) .......................Delete
Spyridium minutum..................................Delete
Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring
(K.R.Newbey 9773) ....................................P1
Styphelia pulchella ........................................P1
Thysanotus baueri..........................................P1
Verticordia sieberi var. pachyphylla .............P1
B. Priority Two Taxa

Acacia amyctica.............................................P2
Acacia asepala ms .........................................P2
Acacia carnosula ms......................................P2
Acacia castanostegia ms..........................Delete
Acacia incanicarpa ms ..................................P2
Acacia kerryana.............................................P2
Acacia nitidula...............................................P2
Acacia ophiolithica........................................P3
Acacia profusa ms (now Acacia carnosula) ..P2
Acacia tetraptera .....................................Delete
Acrotriche patula...........................................P2
Andersonia macranthera ...............................P2
Angasomyrtus salina......................................P2
Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald
(G.J.Keighery 8376) ...................................P2
Astroloma sp. Grass Patch
(A.J.G.Wilson 110).....................................P2
Banksia epica.................................................P2
Bentleya diminuta ..........................................P2
Boronia coriacea ...........................................P2
Caesia viscida................................................P2
Calandrinia porifera......................................P3
Calochilus sp. Hopetoun (H.Taylor s.n.) .......P2
Chthonocephalus multiceps ...........................P2
Comesperma lanceolatum .............................P2
Conospermum filifolium subsp.
sigmoideum ms ...........................................P2
Dampiera decurrens ......................................P2
Dampiera orchardii.......................................P2
Darwinia luehmanii.......................................P2
Darwinia sp. Peak Charles
(A.S.George 10627)....................................P2
Daviesia campephylla....................................P2
Daviesia pauciflora .......................................P2
Dillwynia acerosa..........................................P1
Elachanthus pusillus......................................P2
Eremophila lactea........................................... R
Eriostemon apiculatus (now Philotheca apiculata) P2
Eucalyptus fraseri subsp.
melanobasis ms...........................................P2
Eucalyptus litorea..........................................P2
Eucalyptus misella.........................................P3
Eucalyptus pterocarpa
E. subsp. pterocarpa ms..............................P4
E. subsp. obtusatans ms ..............................P1
Eucalyptus spreta ms...............................Delete
Gastrolobium heterophyllum ...................Delete
Gastrolobium rigidum ...................................P2
Goodenia quadrilocularis..............................P2
cdliv
Goodenia trichophylla...................................P2
Grevillea superba ..........................................P2
Haegiela tatei ................................................P2
Isolepis sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1515)
(now I. australiensis) ..................................P2
Isopogon alcicornis .......................................P3
Lasiopetalum maxwellii .................................P2
Lepyrodia fortunata ms .................................P2
Leucopogon breviflorus (Israelite Bay) ...Delete
Leucopogon interruptus.................................P2
Leucopogon multiflorus.................................P2
Leucopogon pleurandroides ..........................P2
Leucopogon rotundifolius..............................P3
Levenhookia pulcherrima ..............................P2
Melaleuca fissurata .......................................P4
Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa ..............P2
Melaleuca sp. Ravensthorpe
(M.A.Burgman 4018)..................................P2
Microcorys virgata ..................................Delete
Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe
(M.A.Burgman 2154)..................................P2
Olearia laciniifolia ........................................P2
Opercularia hirsuta .......................................P2
Opercularia rubioides ...................................P2
Paracaleana sp. Nuytsland
(A.P.Brown s.n.) .........................................P2
Patersonia inaequalis ....................................P2
Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman
4424) (now P. cymbifolia) ..........................P3
Phlegmatospermum eremaeum......................P2
Pimelea graniticola .................................Delete
Scaevola brookeana.......................................P2
Spyridium mucronatum subsp.
mucronatum ..........................................Delete
Stipa exilis (now Austrostipa exilis) ..............P2
Thysanotus brachyantherus ...........................P2
Thysanotus parviflorus ..................................P2
Trachymene croniniana .................................P3
C. Priority Three Taxa

Acacia eremophila var. variabilis..................P3
Acacia euthyphylla ms...................................P3
Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa.....................P4
Acacia octonervia ..........................................P3
Acacia pritzeliana..........................................P3
Acacia singula ..............................................P3
Adenanthos gracilipes ...................................P3
Allocasuarina eriochlamys subsp. grossa......P3
Banksia lullfitzii.............................................P3
Boronia fabianoides ................................Delete
Caladenia longicauda subsp.
rigidula ms............................................Delete
Centrolepis cephaloformis subsp. murrayi ....P3
Chorizema ulotropis ......................................P4
Cypselocarpus haloragoides ...................Delete
Dicrastylis obovata........................................P2
Dodonaea trifida ...........................................P3
Dryandra viscida ...........................................P3
Eremophila purpurascens..............................P3
Eucalyptus brockwayi....................................P3
Eucalyptus creta ............................................P3
cdlv
Eucalyptus exigua..........................................P3
Eucalyptus famelica.......................................P3
Eucalyptus histophylla...................................P3
Eucalyptus ovularis .......................................P3
Eucalyptus semiglobosa ................................P3
Gahnia sp. Grass Patch (M.A.Burgman 4431)
now G. ancistrophylla...........................Delete
Grevillea aneura............................................P4
Hakea bicornata ......................................Delete
Hopkinsia adscendens ms..............................P3
Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum ..........................P3
Leucopogon apiculatus..................................P3
Leucopogon brevicuspis ................................P3
Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella....................P3
Melaleuca macronychia subsp.
trygonoides .................................................P3
Myriocephalus appendiculatus......................P3
Persoonia scabra...........................................P3
Pityrodia chrysocalyx ....................................P3
Platysace haplosciadia ............................Delete
Pomaderris intangenda
(now Granitites intangendus) .....................P3
Siegfriedia darwinioides................................P3
Sphenotoma parviflorum ...............................P3
Verticordia verticordina ................................P3
cdlvi
R Declared Rare Flora - Extant Taxa
Taxa which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of
extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such.
X Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct Taxa
P1 Priority One - Poorly known Taxa
Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations which are under threat
P2 Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa
Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are not believed to
be under immediate threat
P3 Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa
Taxa which are known from several populations, and the taxa are not believed to be under immediate threat
P4 Priority Four - Rare Taxa
Taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, whilst being rare (in Australia), are not
currently threatened by any identifiable factors.
delete species recommended to be taken off the Priority Flora list
cdlvii
PART TWO: DECLARED RARE FLORA IN THE ESPERANCE DISTRICT
This Plan covers the 23 taxa of Declared Rare Flora known to be extant within the boundaries of the Esperance District
in October, 1992.
Two species listed as presumed extinct on the Schedule of Declared Rare Flora are also included. While they have been
collected from the Esperance District in the past, no extant populations are recorded.
A brief description of the morphology, taxonomic affinities, flowering period, distribution and habitat, known
populations, summary and recommendations for management, and pertinent references for each taxon of Declared Rare
Flora are provided within this section.
Descriptions of species are, for the most part, based on original taxonomic treatments or where these are lacking, by
reference to herbarium specimens and specialist botanists. The reader should note that some taxa have not been
formally described and these are denoted by the term 'ms' (abbreviation for 'manuscript') after the taxon. Others have
been given a phrase name, e.g. Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b), to identify the taxon.
Distribution and habitat data are compiled from herbarium records and Departmental files as appropriate. All
populations where collections have been made or inspected are tabulated. The table summarises the broad population
details, land status, number of plants, population conditions and the date the population was last visited. Precise locality
data are contained within confidential Departmental records. In a number of cases, herbarium records relate to
populations that no longer exist. New populations found during the course of this project have been asterisked in the
table. Detailed information on both the known and new populations surveyed during 1992 and 1993 for this project are
given in a separate confidential document lodged with the Department.
Response to disturbance is mentioned if known, and suggests two separate classes of flora, namely: those species
favoured by disturbance and those to which disturbance is detrimental. The former species seem to occupy a very
narrow ecological niche and are rarely collected, although disturbance will result in a profusion of growth for a period,
before the plants again disappear, sometimes for decades. Disturbance opportunists are discussed again in Part 4.
10
Extant Taxa
Adenanthos eyrei E.C.Nelson PROTEACEAE

Toolinna Adenanthos
An erect, open shrub, up to 1 m tall. Branchlets are hairy, while older branches have very warty bark. Leaves are
stalked, hairy, and varied in shape, but are mostly divided into 3 flat segments (up to 15 mm). Flowers are deep
crimson, softly-hairy, solitary, stalked (4 mm) and occur in leaf axils or at the end of branches. The narrow floral tubes
(25 mm) have long, exserted styles (35 mm).
Adenanthos eyrei can be distinguished from A. forrestii by lacking a lignotuber. A. forrestii has pale red and cream
rather than deep crimson flowers.
Flowering Period: All year
Distribution and Habitat

A. eyrei is known only from the Toolinna area on the coast of the Great Australian Bight. It grows in deep siliceous
sand dunes on cliffs, in low open scrub with Banksia media and A. forrestii.
Conservation Status
Current: Declared Rare Flora
Known Populations
Pop. Land Last No. of

No. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition
1 Toolinna Esp Dund NR 14.8.91 - Good
Response to Disturbance
Assumed to be killed by fire and regenerate from seed.
Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.
Summary and Recommendations

A. eyrei occurs in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve and is undisturbed. Apparently, the population is difficult to find as it
looks similar to A. forrestii, which is very common in the area (G. Keighery, personal communication). The lack of a
lignotuber is not normally used as a character to distinguish a separate taxon; consequently, the status of A. eyrei is
questionable.
References
Hopper et al. (1990), Nelson (1978), Rye and Hopper (1981).
11
Adenanthos ileticos E.C.Nelson PROTEACEAE
Club-leaf Adenanthos
A low-spreading or erect, mid-dense, woody shrub up to 2.5 m tall and 2.5 m broad, with a lignotuber. The branches are
hairy at first but soon become hairless. The stalked, dull, light greenish-grey leaves are broadly triangular (10 x 5 mm)
with 3 lobes at the end. Flowers are solitary, terminal, very shortly stalked, with the hairless style exserted nearly 10
mm beyond the floral tube (25 mm). Flower colour varies from dull pale pink, yellow-pink, yellow or cream. Fruits (3
mm) are slightly hairy.
The only other Adenanthos species that possibly overlaps the geographical range of A. ileticos is A. cuneatus which has
larger, fan-like leaves (15-25 x 10-15 mm).
Flowering Period: March, July - October, December

A. ileticos grows from near Salmon Gums to north-west of Mt Heywood (a range of about 70 km) with an outlying
population towards Balladonia. It is found in well-drained yellow sand, white clayey sand or red-brown loamy sand, in
mallee or open woodland, associated with various species of Eucalyptus (E. salmonophloia, E. leptocalyx, E. uncinata,
E. incrassata, E. transcontinentalis), and shrubs of Hakea, Melaleuca or Acacia.
Conservation Status#
Known Populations

1a Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp - 3.80 - -

1b* Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp ?Water Res. 18.11.93 200+ Good
2 Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp ?VCL 3.80 - -
3 Salmon Gums,SE Esp Esp - 3.80 - -
4 Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 28 Average
5a Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp Water Res. 258 -
5b Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp Rd Res. } 17.11.92 215+ Good
5c Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp Rail Res.} 43 Seedlings
6 Dingo Rock,SW Esp Esp VCL } - -
7a Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL } 22.5.93 4 000+ Good
7b-e Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL } 1 500+ Seedlings
8 Dingo Rock,ESE Esp Esp VCL } - -
9 Dingo Rock,NE Esp Esp VCL } - -
10a* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good
10b-e* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 200+ Good
11 Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 Not found -
12a* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 5+ Good
12b* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 Good
13a Salmon Gums,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.12.83 - -
13b Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp NR - - -
13c* Salmon Gums,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.11.93 10 Average
13d* Salmon Gums,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.11.93 30 Average
14a Ridley Rd Esp Esp Private - - -
14b Ridley Rd,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res.} 540 Good
#
now Priority 4 (updated at December 1999)
12
Known Populations (cont’d)

14c Ridley Rd,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res.} 23.9.92 27 Seedlings

14d Kent Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res.} - -
15 Dundas Esp Dund NR 13.8.91 {40 Good

{+2 Seedlings
* = new population
Unknown

Presumed susceptible but it usually occurs in an area where Phytophthora dieback is not considered a problem.

A. ileticos is common to the north of Mt Ridley on Vacant Crown Land which is not currently threatened. In areas
which have been cleared for agriculture, a number of remnant populations exist along road verges. Many of the road
reserves are degenerating in the Salmon Gums-Grass Patch area as a result of weed invasion from adjoining farms,
clearing for firebreaks, and from road maintenance encroaching into these narrow remnants of native vegetation.
A. ileticos occurs in two Nature Reserves. The population in the Dundas Nature Reserve is undisturbed, and occurs in
an area seldom visited by the public. This population is, however, small, and the size of the other Nature Reserve
population is unknown.
A reassessment of the status A. ileticos is warranted.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1988), Elliot and Jones (1986), Leigh et al. (1984), Nelson (1978), Rye and Hopper (1981).
13
Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor (Benth.) Hopper HAEMODORACEA
Little Kangaroo Paw
This dwarf plant usually has several scapes 5-20 cm tall which bear solitary flowers. Both the stem and flowers are
hairy. Flowers are two-coloured with a green perianth above a red ovary. The perianth (30-45 mm) is strongly
constricted above the middle, being only 3-5 mm wide at the narrowest point. The anthers are about equal in length to
the filaments which are 4-6 mm long. There are 2-4 ovules per locule. Leaves are flattened and 5-10 cm long.
Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor can be distinguished from A. gabrielae by its larger flowers and curved, not straight,
perianth (greater than 30 mm).
Flowering Period: August - November

A. bicolor subsp. minor occurs in small, disjunct populations between Lake King and Condingup. It grows in moist
sand and has been found near granite outcrops in heath communities.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Condingup Peak Esp Esp Shire Res. 9.10.92 1 Not found

2 Northover Soak Esp Rav VCL 1983 5 000+ Post-fire
3 Dalyup Esp Esp NR 29.8.88 - Not found
4 Wittenoom Hill Esp Esp Private 1987 36+ Post-fire
5 West River Alb Rav - 1967 - -
6 Twertup Alb Jer NP ca. 1967 - Post-fire
?7 ?Jerdacuttup Esp ?Rav - - - -
8 Pallarup Rocks Kat LG NR 1935 - -
9 Gibson,E Esp Esp - 1963 - -
Responds well to fire.

Presumed not susceptible.

A. bicolor subsp. minor is most commonly seen after dry-season fire. Populations re-establish from the soil seed bank
but rapidly senesce a few years after fire and become very difficult to find. Re-survey and monitoring of known
populations is required, especially post-fire.
References
Hopper (1987a, 1993), Hopper et al. (1990).
14
Billardiera mollis E.M.Benn. PITTOSPORACEAE
Hairy-Fruited Billardiera
Billardiera mollis is a low spreading, mid-dense shrub which grows to 50 cm tall. The reddish-brown stems have white
hairs which rub off with age. The leaves are ovate to lanceolate-ovate (10-20 mm) with a sharp, pointed tip. Leaves are
flat, covered on both surfaces with long white hairs when young, but become hairless with age except along the margins
and midvein where the hairs remain semi-persistent. The deep blue flowers are solitary in leaf axils and are borne on
slender stalks (15-25 mm). Sepals are free, narrow-lanceolate, dark blue and hairy. The recurved, blue petals have 3 or
4 distinct purple lines on the outer surface while the throat is pale blue or nearly white; anthers are white. Fruit capsules
are covered with long white hairs and enclose seeds which are dark brown, smooth and shiny. The localised nature of
the populations of B. mollis suggests that seed dispersal may be limited. It appears to be insect pollinated.
B. mollis closely resembles B. villosa, which is more compact, has flowers with blue anthers and leaf margins that curve
backwards.
Flowering Period: August - November (to January)

B. mollis is geographically restricted to the Ravensthorpe Range and adjacent areas, with a range of less than 30 km. It
grows near Kundip and Mt Desmond in gravelly sands over laterite or ironstone, and east along the Vermin Proof Fence
in sand over laterite. It occurs in low open to low dense mallee with numerous species of Eucalyptus with an
understorey comprising of a low open heath or more commonly a dense scrub containing Hakea laurina, Melaleuca
elliptica, Gastrolobium sp. or Banksia lemanniana.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1a,b,c VPF Esp Rav Unvested Res. 9.12.88 700+ Good

1d VPF Esp Rav VCL 26.11.81 3 -
1e VPF Esp Rav VCL 26.11.81 20+ -
1f VPF Esp Rav VCL 26.11.81 20+ -
2a Mt Desmond,N Alb Rav {Unvested Res. } 1.1.82 50+ -
2b Mt Desmond,S Alb Rav {(Mining Lease) } 25.10.87 Rare -
3a Kundip Alb Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 14.1.82 150+ -
3b Kundip Alb Rav Unvested Res. 14.1.82 10+ -
4a Rav Range Alb Rav VCL 9.80 Common -
4b Rav Range Alb Rav VCL 16.9.79 - -
Appears to be a disturbance opportunist along the edge of tracks.

Unknown
15
B. mollis occurs in Vacant Crown Land which could be released for farming, in areas claimed for mining and in one area
where mining occurs sporadically. It is not known to occur in any conservation reserve, although discussions between
the Shire, CALM and DEP to determine vesting of the Ravensthorpe Range (which would include the Mt Desmond
population) are taking place.
The majority of known plants (approximately 80%) occur east of the Vermin Proof Fence. Early in the 1980s, areas
close to this population were recommended for release for farmland. A small reserve (about 1 000 ha.) to include these
populations would conserve a large number of plants of this species, belonging to relatively young populations which
appear to be expanding in size and plant numbers.
Regular monitoring is required, particularly along the Vermin Proof Fence.
References
Bennett (1983), Hopper et al. (1990), Lewis (1982).
16
Boronia revoluta Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE
A shrub, up to 80 cm tall, with sparsely hairy branches. The leaves are divided into three leaflets which are almost
cylindrical, 4-8 mm long and the margins are strongly rolled backwards towards the midrib. Leaflets are hairless on the
upper surface, but hairy below. Flowers are pale to dark pink and are borne singly in the leaf axils on hairless red stalks.
The 4 ovate petals (7 mm) have pointed tips, prominent midribs, and are loosely hairy on the outside but hairless inside
except for near the tip. The sepals are red, ovate with pointed tips and about 3 mm long. Fruits consist of a capsule
containing four 1-seeded carpels. Seeds are kidney-shaped (3-4 mm).
Boronia revoluta has shortly stalked leaves, which distinguishes it from the similar species B. ericifolia where leaves
lack stalks. The latter species is found much further north between Moora and Wongan Hills.
Flowering Period: July - October

B. revoluta appears to be confined to ironstone outcrops in the vicinity of Forrestania and Hatter Hill, with a range of
about 40 km. It prefers well drained sandy loam and laterite on the tops of ridges and small hills, where it grows in low
eucalypt woodland, semi-arid mallee scrub, or heath with occasional emergent Eucalyptus species. Associated genera
include Banksia, Allocasuarina, Calothamnus, Drummondita, Gastrolobium and Dryandra.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Hatter Hill Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 15.7.90 64 Good

2 South Ironcap Nar Kon VCL (Mining Lease) 22.10.91 200+ Good
3 Middle Ironcap Nar Kon VCL (Mining Lease) 1976 - -
Unknown

Presumed not susceptible and it occurs well outside the range of known Phytophthora species.

B. revoluta has only been collected from three localities. Until September 1989, the species was thought to be extinct at
Hatter Hill, however, it has since been collected there in small numbers. The species has not been relocated at Middle
Ironcap since it was collected there in 1976 (F. Mollemans, personal communication; R. Thomas, personal
communication).
All known localities are threatened by mineral exploration activities. At South Ironcap, B. revoluta has been disturbed
by grid lines; although many plants are undisturbed at present, further mineral exploration may endanger the population.
Liaison with mineral exploration and mining companies is essential.
Summary and Recommendations (cont'd)
17
Further intensive surveys of ironstone hills and ridges in the vicinity of the Ironcaps is required. Surveys (late October
1992, and by Cochrane and Brown in December 1993) for the known populations in the Hatter Hill area failed to locate
any plants. Surveying during the flowering season appears to be critical, otherwise plants are extremely difficult to find.
Protection of populations from frequent fires would seem appropriate. Research into the pollination biology, fire
ecology and population genetics of B. revoluta is needed.
References
Hopper et al. (1990), Leigh et al. (1984), Wilson (1971).
18
Caladenia exstans Hopper & A.P.Brown ms ORCHIDACEAE
Pointing Spider Orchid
An erect, tuberous herb, 20-45 cm tall, with 1 or 2 flowers. Flowers have upswept sepals that are green with a central
red stripe; the green labellum is distinctive as it has prominently pointed lobes and juts forward rather than curling under
at the dark purple tip; the calli are purple-red. Leaves are up to 20 cm long and 4-6 mm wide.
Caladenia exstans ms is closely related to the larger-flowered C. integra which occurs some 400 km to the west.
Flowering Period: September - November

C. exstans ms occurs in small scattered populations, over a range of about 70 km, between Cape Le Grand and Cape
Arid. It grows in moist soil pockets on coastal granite outcrops and in deeper soil around the margins of Yate flats.
Associated species include Borya constricta, Banksia speciosa, Nuytsia floribunda, Eucalyptus occidentalis and
E. tetragona.
Conservation Status
Current: Declared Rare Flora#
Known Populations

1 Cheetup Hill Esp Esp NP 8.10.85 100+ Post-fire

23.9.87 10 Good
2 Thomas River Esp Esp NP 6.11.89 20 Good
3 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP - - -
4 Shao Lu Esp Esp Private 20.9.77 - -
5 Alexander Bay Esp Esp ?Shire Res. - - -
Flowering is stimulated by summer fire although an appropriate interfire period needs to be determined.


C. exstans ms occurs in both the Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid National Parks where it should remain secure. This
species appears to respond to fire with over 100 plants observed flowering at Cheetup Hill approximately 10 months
after the area had been burnt; only 10 were located more than 2.5 years after the fire.
Surveys to relocate C. exstans ms at Alexander Bay and Shao Lu are needed to ensure that the populations are
conserved. Monitoring of known populations is required.
References
#
19
Hoffman and Brown (1992).
20
Caladenia voigtii Hopper & A.P.Brown ms ORCHIDACEAE
Voigt's Spider Orchid, Mohawk Spider Orchid
An erect, tuberous herb, 8-20 cm tall, with 1 or rarely 2 flowers. Flowers (2-3 x 1-2 cm) are pale yellow-green with red-
pink stripes; the sepals (except the dorsal sepal) and petals hang downwards and the labellum is rounded with a dense
band of wedge-shaped calli that are white with red tips. The stems and narrow leaves (50-150 x 6 mm) are hairy.
This recently described species was previously thought to be Caladenia cristata which occurs near Miling, north of
Perth.
Flowering Period: August - October

C. voigtii ms is a widespread species occurring from near Bremer Range to south-west of Balladonia, a range of about
240 km. It is found in a variety of habitats, ranging from shallow soil pockets on granite outcrops to the margins of
inland salt lakes. It grows in open low woodland and open scrub communities associated with Eucalyptus flocktoniae,
E. cylindriflora, E. platycorys, E. eremophila or Callitris verrucosa.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Mt Coobaninya,W Esp Esp VCL 22.8.89 200-300 Good

2 Dowak West Esp Esp Private 17.9.77 - -
3a Cristata Compound Esp Esp Private 13.9.91 20+ Average
3b Dowak East Esp Esp Private 10.9.78 - -
4 90 Mile Tank Esp Dund VCL 28.9.88 40+ Good
5 Mt Newmont Esp Esp VCL 6.9.90 100+ Good
Unknown


Although C. voigtii ms is widespread, the known populations are mostly small and none are known to occur in a
conservation reserve. The populations occurring in Vacant Crown Land are undisturbed. Three populations occur on
private property near Dowak and at least one of these has been fenced by the W.A. Native Orchid Study Group; grazing
by rabbits is of concern in these areas. Monitoring and liaison with the property owners is required to ensure that these
populations are appropriately managed and conserved.
References
Hoffman and Brown (1992), Hopper et al. (1990).
#
21
Conostylis lepidospermoides Hopper HAEMODORACEAE
Sedge Conostylis
A tufted, sedge-like perennial plant, up to 35 cm tall and 40 cm wide. The flat, narrow leaves (20-35 cm) are yellowish-
green and have margins with 2 rows of short, dark brown bristles. Up to 6 flowers are borne in a loose inflorescence
(cyme) on a scape 1-4 cm tall, i.e. much shorter than the leaves. The yellow perianth (up to 20 mm) is deeply divided
into lobes (6-10 mm) and covered in long hairs. The stamens have large anthers (5 mm) and are inserted 5-7 mm above
the ovary; the style is about 10 mm long.
A distinctive species with no obvious close relatives. Conostylis lepidospermoides is inconspicuous when not in flower
due to the slender sedge-like leaves. The flowers, however, are distinctive and amongst the largest in the subgenus.
Flowering Period: September - October

C. lepidospermoides occurs east of Ravensthorpe and extends northwards to Ninety Mile Tank, a range of about 120
km. It grows on flat or gently undulating plains in yellow or grey sand over laterite or clay, in low heath and sedge
communities with scattered emergent Lambertia inermis, Banksia media, Eucalyptus tetragona and other mallees.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 90 Mile Tank,W Esp Dund VCL 17.10.74 - -

2 Rav,E Esp Rav MRWA Rd Res. 16.11.92 3+ Average
3 Middle Road Esp Rav Shire Rd Res 10.9.93 500+ Good
4a West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 6.9.83 - -
4b West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 5.10.79 - -
4c* West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 30.8.92 24 Good
5 90 Mile Tank,SW Esp Rav NP 27.10.80 Rare -
17.9.93 Not found -
6 Munglinup,E Esp ?Esp - 14.10.68 - -
7 Fields Rd Esp Esp Private 16.10.68 - -
8 Neds Corner Rd Esp Esp Private 26.9.68 - -
9 Burlabup Creek Alb Rav MRWA Rd Res. 27.9.68 - -
10 Mills Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.9.92 1 Fair
11* Rockhole Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 15.9.92 50 Good
12 ?West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 3.10.83 - -
13 West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 15 Post-fire
14 West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 10.9.92 50-100 Good
15 Northover Soak Esp Rav VCL 21.9.79 Occasional -
* = new population
This species readily resuckers after a hot fire, as seen at a one population (no. 13) beside West Point Road.
Regenerating plants were in bud and flower within two years of the fire. Response to other disturbances such as weed
invasion and grazing are not known.
22

Although widespread, most known populations of C. lepidospermoides are small and occur on road reserves adjacent to
cleared farmland. The condition of the majority of the road reserves is good, however the populations' long-term
viability is questionable, particularly if weed invasion occurs. The largest known population (no. 3) is on a Shire road
reserve adjacent to a gravel pit; further extension of this pit could jeopardise the survival of the population. Markers are
recommended at all roadside populations.
In 1968, three populations (nos. 6-8) were found in the Shire of Esperance. Extensive land clearing for agriculture has
occurred since that date, particularly in the Cascade area (pop. nos. 7 and 8); it is possible that these populations no
longer exist. Resurvey of these localities is urgently required.
Only one population (no. 5) of C. lepidospermoides is known to occur in a conservation reserve. It has been found
twice at this site in Frank Hann National Park, in 1979 and 1980, but was not found during a survey in 1993.
Apparently it is rare at this site.
Further survey in Vacant Crown Land between West Point Rd and Frank Hann National Park is required.
References
Hopper (1987b), Hopper et al. (1990).
23
Daviesia microcarpa Crisp PAPILIONACEAE
Norseman Pea
Sprawling shrub with many long, weak, tangled stems, to 0.4 m tall and 1 m broad. The cylindrical phyllodes ('leaves',
8-20 x 0.5-0.8 mm) have a stiff, sharp point and are spirally arranged along the branches. Usually, one flower (rarely 2)
is borne per leaf axil. Flowers are orange with pinkish-red on the veins and towards the centre. Pods are very small (4 x
3 mm), have raised reticulate venation, and an apex which is more or less obtuse.
Daviesia microcarpa is superficially similar to the narrow-leaved form of D. ulicifolia, however the leaves of the latter
species are triangular in cross-section. Also, all forms of D. ulicifolia have spine-tipped branchlets, phyllodes which are
never cylindrical, and pods which have a tapering acute apex.
Flowering Period: August - September

The only known population and type locality for D. microcarpa is on a very disturbed verge of the Eyre Highway, north-
east of Norseman. It grows in red clay loam with calcrete nodules, in association with species of Eremophila,
Eucalyptus and Atriplex.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Norseman Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 13.1.85 13 -

1987-1992 Not found -
29.11.93 17 Regen.
Unknown

Presumed susceptible but occurs in an area where Phytophthora is not considered a threat.

Main Roads W.A. has developed a management strategy to attempt to regenerate this population. Recovery of this
population should be monitored over the next five years.
A quantity of seed was collected in 1993 and sent to Kings Park for propagation.
References
Crisp (1983).
24
Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE
Peak Charles Drummondita
A shrub which grows up to 1 m tall, with glossy somewhat spreading leaves. Leaves are alternate, cylindrical (20 mm
long), wrinkled and have a sharp, curved point at the tip; they produce a scent when cut. The solitary flowers are up to
25 mm long; the yellowish calyx is hairless with 5 small sepals; petals are large and red; the 5 fertile stamens alternate
with 5 sterile ones and unite to form an elongate pink-red tube which is covered in long white hairs; the style is red and
has an enlarged flat end which protrudes above the stamens. The dry fruit opens by 3 valves and is normally 3-seeded.
Drummondita hasellii var. longifolia can be distinguished from other taxa of Drummondita by its leaves which are at
least twice as long as other varieties.
Flowering Period: April - May, July, September - November

D. hassellii var. longifolia is restricted to the Peak Charles area. It grows in granite crevices in sandy clay on hillsides in
open shrubland. Associated genera include Opercularia, Melaleuca, Leptospermum, Eucalyptus and Calothamnus.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 400+ Post-fire
D. hassellii var. longifolia is known only from one population in Peak Charles National Park, which was burnt by a hot
fire in January 1991. Eighteen months after the fire most of the plants observed were vegetative and appeared to be
seedlings (single-stemmed), only 3 larger plants were seen that were resuckering and had a couple of flowers.

Unknown

Regular monitoring of the known population is required to determine the time for the young plants to set viable seed
after the 1991 fire; this will be important to determine the appropriate interfire period for this species and fire
management of the area.
References
Wilson (1971).
25
Eremophila denticulata F.Muell. subsp. denticulata MYOPORACEAE
Fitzgerald Eremophila, Toothed Eremophila
A tall, straggly shrub to 2 m tall, with sticky, glutinous young branches and leaves. Young plants are leafy and compact,
whereas older plants have leaves clustered at the ends of branches. The leaves (30-50 mm) are conspicuously toothed
along the margins. The attractive red flowers are tubular with the lower corolla lobe cut to form a distinct lip, and are
borne on long S-shaped stalks.
Flowering Period: October - January

Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata occurs in two areas about 70 km apart, south-east of Ravensthorpe and east
of the Oldfield River. It is only known from areas that have been disturbed in alluvial soils along rivers and on loamy
clay over granite. Nearby plant communities may include tall mallet woodland.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1a Moir Rd,W Alb Rav Private 14.12.92 300 Dying

1b Moir Rd,W Alb Rav NP 14.12.92 500 Dying
2a Moir Track Alb Rav NP 6.1.92 15 Healthy
2b Moir Track,W Alb Rav NP 10.2.93 5-10 000 Dying
?24.4.93 - Burnt
3 Hamersley River Alb Rav NP - - -
4 Cheadanup Esp Rav NR 1.11.93 6 Mature Dying
1.11.93 2 000+ Post-fire
Seedlings
E. denticulata subsp. denticulata appears to be a disturbance opportunist, with seed germination being stimulated by fire
or soil disturbance.


Until recently, the only known population of E. denticulata subsp. denticulata was located on private property in a
cleared paddock, and was fenced off by the property owner in 1989. In January 1986, the population numbered 8 000-
10 000 plants, but by December 1992 had declined to about 300 plants. Currently, the biggest population, known from
a chained firebreak in the north east of the Fitzgerald River National Park, was consumed in a control burn in autumn
1993 (Robinson and Coates 1995).
26
Summary and Recommendations (cont’d)
Monitoring the populations which have been recently burnt (nos. 2 and 4) to assess post-fire regeneration and
reproductive biology is recommended. As well, plots should be established in any populations subjected to fuel
reduction burns to assess post-fire relative to pre-fire densities.
Further survey is required, especially in those areas recently burnt or otherwise disturbed.
References
Robinson and Coates (1995).
27
Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata Chinnock ms MYOPORACEAE
Kumquat Eremophila
A compact shrub slightly over 1 m tall, which looks very similar to a kumquat. Leaves are bright green, glossy, oblong-
lanceolate and serrated on the margins. The pink-red flowers are held on long S-shaped stalks that curve up under the
flowers. The 4 upper corolla lobes form the upper lip of the flower and the fifth lobe is cut much lower than the others
forming a distinct lower lip. The stamens are exserted beyond the corolla. After flowering the calyx is scarcely
enlarged.
Flowering Period: October - November

Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms is known only from two areas about 20 km apart; the first lies east of Mt
Buraminya where three sub-populations are distributed over 5 km, the other population lies south-east of Mt
Willgonarinya. It grows in fine loam over limestone.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1a Mt Buraminya,E Esp Esp VCL 31.5.90 100+ -

1b Mt Buraminya,E Esp Esp VCL 5.90 20 -
1c Mt Buraminya,E Esp Esp VCL 8.90 1 000-2 000 -
4 Mt Willgonarinya,SE Esp Esp VCL 9.86 40 Dying
Like E. denticulata subsp. denticulata, this species is assumed to be a disturbance opportunist.


E. denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms is restricted to old mining tracks where the middle and upper storey plants have been
cleared (W. Archer, personal communication). Resurvey of populations and further study of this taxon is required,
especially after fire, to confirm whether it is a disturbance opportunist.
References
Grieve and Blackall (1982).
#
28
Eucalyptus cerasiformis Brooker & Blaxell MYRTACEAE
Cherry-fruited Mallee
An erect mallee growing up to 3 m tall with smooth, mottled grey over salmon-pink bark. The pith of branchlets is
glandular. Juvenile leaves are lanceolate (30-40 x 6-15 mm). Adult leaves are yellow-green and glossy, alternate and
narrowly lanceolate (50-80 x 7-12 mm); glands are prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescences are borne on a slender,
cylindrical stalk (peduncle, 15-40 mm long) that curves downwards bearing 7 yellow flowers, each borne on a long stalk
(pedicel, 10-12 mm). Buds are ovoid, contracted at the middle and have a yellow-brown, conical bud cap which
contrasts with the green calyx tube. The urn-shaped fruits (12-15 x 6-9 mm) have a thick rim, depressed disc and 4-5
enclosed valves. Seed is brown and ovoid in shape.
This species is closely related to E. dielsii from which it differs in its smaller buds and fruits and in the urn-shaped fruits
which are without a flared rim. It is also somewhat similar to E. erythronema but can be distinguished again by its urn-
shaped fruits.
The common name of E. cerasiformis is a reference to the pendulous buds which look like bunches of cherries. Native
bees have been observed pollinating the flowers.
Flowering Period: August - March, June

E. cerasiformis is known from a restricted area between Hyden and Norseman, over a 50 km range. It is usually found
in depressions of undulating hills in gravelly reddish loam, where it grows in low open forest with a dense heath
understorey, in association with E. salubris, Melaleuca uncinata, Acacia and Casuarina spp.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Ant Rock,NW Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 3.3.88 189 Good
& Shire Rd Res.
2a Mt Day Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 3.3.88 62 Good
2b Mt Day Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 15.6.88 20 Good
2c Mt Day Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 15.6.88 70+ Good
3a Round Top Hill,SSW Esp Dund Shire Rd Res. } 3.3.88 40 Good
3b Round Top Hill,SSW Esp Dund VCL }
4a Round Top Hill Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 9.5.89 - -
4b Round Top Hill Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 9.5.89 - -
5a Round Top Hill,S Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 9.5.89 - -
5b Round Top Hill,S Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 9.5.89 - -
6 Maggie Hays Hill,NW Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 10.5.89 - -
7 Maggie Hays Hill,N Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 10.5.89 - -
8 Bremer Range Esp Dund VCL 25.10.64 - -
Unknown
29
Unknown

Three of the known populations (nos. 1, 3 and 5) of E. cerasiformis grow beside the Hyden-Norseman Road and could
be disturbed during maintenance or upgrading of this track; population no. 1 has already been disturbed along the verge
of the track. Road markers are required.
Monitoring of populations on mining tenements and ongoing liaison with exploration companies is required.
Staff at Kings Park have propagated this species from seed.
References
Brooker and Blaxell (1978), Elliot and Jones (1986).
30
Eucalyptus insularis Brooker MYRTACEAE
Twin Peak Island Mallee
A small, slender-stemmed mallee (1.5-2 m tall) in the Cape Le Grand area, and a tall mallee (1.4-8 m) on North Twin
Peak Island. Bark is smooth, red-brown, pale grey, yellowish-green or greenish-grey; in the tall form there is a fibrous,
red-brown basal stocking. Larger specimens have branches which are conspicuously wrinkled underneath at the base.
Branchlets are 4-sided and are often reddish when young. Juvenile leaves are sessile, elliptic and have toothed edges.
Older leaves are petiolate, narrowly lanceolate (to 70 x 15 mm), dull green and have a long narrow, curved point. Buds
have a cap which is slightly narrower and shorter than the base. Fruits (6-8 x 6 mm) are pendulous, barrel-shaped with a
thin rim and 3 or 4 valves in a sunken, shining, red-brown disc. Seeds are brown, pyramidal or elongated.
Eucalyptus insularis is superficially similar to E. doratoxylon whose adult leaves have a very dense network of veins
and are apparently glandless; the former species has only a sparse veinal network and numerous to scattered oil glands.
E. doratoxylon has a bud scar whereas E. insularis does not. E. doratoxylon has long peduncles (10-12 mm) which
support inflorescences of usually no more than 7 cream or yellowish-white flowers, however, E. insularis generally has
more than 7 white flowers and shorter peduncles (4-11 mm) which curve downwards.
Flowering Period: May - June, August

E. insularis is known from only North Twin Peak Island in the Recherche Archipelago and at one locality on Cape Le
Grand. It grows along a watercourse on the western slopes of the island, while on the mainland E. insularis grows in
shallow loamy soil in crevices on the steep slope of a granite rock amongst dense scrub. Associated species include E.
lehmanii, E. conferruminata and Acacia heteroclita.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Twin Peak Island Esp Esp NR 24.4.72 - -

2 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 50 Good
Response to fire and other disturbances is unknown.

Unknown

Both of the known populations of E. insularis occur in conservation reserves where they should remain secure.
Collection of seed is recommended. Regular monitoring is required.
References
Brooker (1974), Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Elliot and Jones (1986), Rye and Hopper (1981).
31
Eucalyptus merrickiae Maiden & Blakely MYRTACEAE
Goblet Mallee, Narrow-leaved Mallee
A mallee, 2-6 m tall, with a dense crown giving the plant an almost globular appearance. The bark is rough and
coloured grey-brown over white. Adult leaves are small, linear to narrowly lanceolate (60-100 x 5-9 mm) and light
green to grey-green in colour. Leaf venation is almost nil, although there are numerous oil glands. Each inflorescence
has up to 3 cylindrical to rounded buds (7-10 x 4-6 mm) that are borne on short stalks; the bud caps turn cherry red in
colour when nearly mature. Flowers are white. Fruits are cup-shaped to cylindrical, have a thick rim and a concave disc
with 3 or 4 valves; they turn mealy-white with age. The seed is whitish-grey and ovoid.
Eucalyptus merrickiae is superficially similar to E. halophila, E. scyphocalyx and E. leptocalyx. It can be distinguished
from these species by its rough bark, narrower leaves, and only 3 flowers per inflorescence (E. halophila, E.
scyphocalyx and E. leptocalyx typically have 7 or more) with short, rounded inflorescence stalks (peduncles).
Flowering Period: July - December

E. merrickiae grows in sandy, loamy depressions around the salt lakes and saline flats mainly east of Truslove to north-
east of Mt Ridley. It has a range of about 60 km for the known populations, except for a disjunct occurrence 160 km to
the east near Israelite Bay. It occurs in open shrub mallee, often with dense scrub beneath. Associated species include
E. halophila, E. uncinata, E. rigens and E. eremophila.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1a Grass Patch Esp Esp - 1968 - -

23.9.92 Not found -
1b Grasspatch,S Esp Esp - 23.5.24 - -
23.9.92 Not found -
2 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 21.9.76 - -
3 Mt Ridley,NNE Esp Esp VCL 10.5.83 - -
4 Dempster Rd Esp Esp VCL 25.9.92 1 Average
5a Mt Ridley,NW Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.9.83 - -
5b Styles Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 23.9.92 3 Average
6 Mt Ridley,WSW Esp Esp - 10.9.83 - -
7 Swan Lagoon Esp Esp NR 1984 - -
24.9.92 Not found -
9a Truslove Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 3.12.88 200+ Good
22.9.92 50+ Good
9b Truslove, E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 2 Good
10 Truslove Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 9 Good
11 Mt Ridley,NE Esp Esp VCL 3.12.88 9 Good
12* Kents Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 30.1.93 20 Good
13* Griffiths Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 1+ Poor
14a* Ridley Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.11.93 2+ Good
14b Ridley Rd Esp Esp NR 19.11.93 1+ Good
32
14c* Ridley Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 5+ Average

& Private 19.11.93 2 Average
15 Truslove Rd Esp Esp - 27.5.82 - -

16 Dowak,E Esp Esp - 8.33 - -
17 Circle Valley Esp Esp - 7.11.53 - -
* = new population; (pop. no. 12, Mulcahy 1993)
Unknown

Unknown

In the last 20 years, collections have been made of E. merrickiae from thirteen sites. Some of the localities on the
specimen collections are vague and may actually refer to an already known location (e.g. pop. no. 6 may equal pop. no.
9 or 10). The majority of known populations are scattered, small and occur in disturbed, narrow road reserves. Many of
the localities where collections were made earlier than 1970 have possibly been cleared for agriculture or road
construction.
Although E. merrickiae has been recorded from four Nature Reserves, their population sizes are either unknown or
appear inadequate for long-term survival of the species. Further survey of Nature Reserve No. 27768 (Ridley Rd), and
the populations occurring north-east of Mt Ridley (nos. 3 and 11) are required to determine the extent of populations
occurring in relatively undisturbed areas.
Seed collections were made of this species in 1991 (L. Sweedman, Kings Park) and 1993 (M. Mulcahy, CALM). Study
of the pollination biology and the response to fire is recommended.
References
Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Carr and Carr (1980), Elliot and Jones (1986), Hopper et al. (1990), Maiden and Blakely
(1925).
33
Eucalyptus platydisca L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill ms MYRTACEAE
Jimberlana Mallee
An upright to spreading, moderately dense mallee to 4 m tall with smooth, grey bark. Leaves are elliptic as juveniles
becoming lanceolate (50-110 x 6-11 mm) when older. They are dull blue-green, have a moderate network of veins and
scattered to numerous, often obscure oil glands. Each inflorescence is borne on a stalk (peduncle, 7-17 mm long) which
is rounded or angular in cross-section, and has up to 7 buds (13-19 x 9-10 mm) which have beaked caps. Flowers are
white. Fruits have a broad disc and 4 valves which are level with the thick rim. Seeds are shining, brown and D-shaped.
Eucalyptus platydisca ms is similar to E. diversifolia but differs in having fruit with a level disc (E. diversifolia has a
slightly ascending one), slightly larger buds (E. diversifolia buds are 7-10 x 5-6 mm), and a very restricted habit.
Flowering Period: March - June

E. platydisca ms is known only from Jimberlana Hill and Mt Norcott, north-east of Norseman, a geographic range of 18
km. It grows in dark brown, sandy loam amongst granite boulders, in open shrub-mallee (E. oleosa) over Triodia and
Stipa. Associated plants include species of Allocasuarina, Solanum, Santalum and Eremophila scoparia.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Jimberlana Hill,N Esp Dund Unvested Res. 19.11.92 200+ Good

2 Mt Norcott Esp Dund VCL 2.11.90 1 500 Good
Has been observed regenerating after a fire in 1983.

Unknown but it occurs in an area not considered at risk from Phytophthora species.

Jimberlana Hill has been recommended as a nature reserve, however the proposal has been opposed by the Department
of Minerals and Energy. Currently, the population remains undisturbed.
Further survey of the Dundas Hills is required.
References
Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Hopper et al. (1990).
34
Kennedia beckxiana (F.Muell.) F.Muell. PAPILIONACEAE
Cape Arid Kennedia
A slender, prostrate or climbing legume with bright green or bluish-green trifoliolate leaves. The leaflets have
prominent veins, are ovate and 25-40 mm long. The flowers are large (35-50 mm long) and borne singly or in short
racemes which are encircled at the base by prominent, large, fused bracts. Flowers are bright red and have a distinctive
greenish-yellow blotch at the base of the broad standard. The big, turgid pods grow to 70 mm long and have a long,
pointed tip.
Flowering Period: August - December

Kennedia beckxiana occurs between Condingup and Israelite Bay, a range of about 100 km. It is usually found on
granite hills or in coastal sandhills around granite. It grows in dense scrub of mixed proteaceous and myrtaceous
species.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1a Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 50+ Post-fire

1b Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 1 000+ Post-fire
1c Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 500+ Post-fire
2 Gora Hill,SW Esp Esp NP - - -
3 Bebenorin Hill Esp Esp VCL 13.10.83 - -
4 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR - - -
5 Howick Hill Esp Esp - 10.44 - -
6 Boyatup Hill Esp Esp VCL 10.3.89 10 -
7a Little Tagon Bay Pt Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 200+ Degen.
7b Dolphin Cove Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 2 Degen.
7c Tagon Beach Esp Esp NP 30.8.89 4 -
7d Lake Boolenup Esp Esp NP 12.92 2 Fair
7e Thomas River Esp Esp NP 12.92 5 Fair
7f Campsite Esp Esp NP 12.92 1 Fair
8 Russell Range Esp Esp NP 1889 - -
Fire regenerates this species by breaking seed dormancy and providing the conditions for it to proliferate. This situation
was observed at Mt Ragged 26 months after the hot fire in February 1991, where K. beckxiana smothered dead trees and
shrubs over large areas. Plants had already flowered and dispersed seed by this time.

Unknown
#
35
K. beckxiana is widespread in the Cape Arid National Park where it should remain secure. In areas which have not been
burnt for many years it is only found as a few scattered plants near outcropping granite; many of the plants at these
localities are rapidly degenerating, e.g. at Little Tagon Bay Point (pop. no. 7a) only about 20 healthy plants were found,
while more than 100 were dying and 50 were already dead.
This species, although it has a restricted distribution and is rare in mature plant communities, does not appear to be
threatened. Reassessment of its Declared Rare Flora status is warranted.
References
Hopper et al. (1990), Mueller (1880), Newbey (1983).
36
Lambertia echinata R.Br. subsp. echinata PROTEACEAE
Prickly Honeysuckle
A much-branched shrub which grows up to 1 m tall, with hairy stems. The leaves are arranged in whorls of 3, are up to
4 cm long and taper towards the stems; they are divided into 3-5 lobes with long, sharp points, and there are prominent
veins on the underside. The 4 perianth segments of the flowers are united to form a long tube (5 cm) which is broad at
the top. As the flowers open, the segments coil down spirally enclosing the stamens. Flowers are pink-red and usually
in groups of 7. The woody fruits are grey, shiny and nearly 2 cm long, including the beak.
Flowering Period: September

This species is known only from one site in the Cape Le Grand National Park, a sub-population 500 m distant has died,
probably from Phytophthora dieback. It grows on a mixture of pure laterite and granite sheeting on windswept coastal
slopes. The vegetation is very rich coastal heath, with Dryandra and Calothamnus dominating.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 3 Threatened
Unknown

Field observations suggest very high susceptibility.

Only three Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata plants are known to exist, and these occur on two small 'islands' in a
gravel pit. The other known locality, only 500 m away, had 5 plants in undisturbed vegetation but these died recently,
probably due to dieback (Phytophthora spp.).
This species is critically endangered, particularly as is it appears to be susceptible to dieback. A recovery plan is
urgently required to develop a management strategy for this species' survival. Propagation should be a high priority so
that a secure number of plants can be established in cultivation. Viable seed has been collected by the CALM
Threatened Flora Species Centre.
A detailed map showing the localities where different people have searched for this species in the Cape Le Grand
National Park is needed at the Ranger's Office. Further survey is urgently required.
References
Bentham (1870), Curry (1992-3), Erickson et al. (1979), Hopper et al. (1990), Rye and Hopper (1981).
37
Myoporum turbinatum Chinnock MYOPORACEAE
Salt Myoporum
An erect shrub to 4 m tall, which is at first multistemmed and broom-like, but eventually consists of one or a few long
slender stems with leafy branches restricted to the uppermost part. Both branches and leaves are sticky and have
prominent wart-like protuberances. Leaves are alternate, shiny, dark green in colour, linear (11-80 x 1 mm) and have a
midrib which is distinctly grooved on both surfaces. The leaf margins have small conical teeth which are more obvious
towards the tip. Flowers are dull white but often tinged with lilac and have 4 stamens which are exserted just beyond the
petals. There are 4 to 8 flowers per axil. Fruits are flattened, beaked at the end and have 4 ribs or wings.
Myoporum turbinatum is similar to M. platycarpum, except for the fruits which are not flattened in the latter species.
Flowering Period: May, October - February

M. turbinatum is known only from a small area, less than 15 km wide, north-east of Esperance. It occurs on the margins
of saline depressions in sandy duplex soils. It grows in mallee-heath scrub and associated species include Melaleuca
sp., Hakea laurina and various Eucalyptus spp.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 30.5.89 3 Average

2 Heywood Rd Esp Esp Private 10.10.93 4 Good
3 Heywood Rd Esp Esp NR & } 10.10.93 4 Alive & Degen.
Shire Rd Res. } 4 Dead
4 Heywood Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. } 10.10.93 26 Alive & Degen.
& Private } 7 Dead
4a Karl Berg Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. } 10.10.92 37+ Alive & Degen.
& Private } 24 Dead
5 Heywood Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. } 10.10.92 16 Alive & Average
& Private } 2 Dead
6 Karl Berg Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 7.11.81 Common -
Some disturbance appears to be beneficial, as plants on firebreaks were observed to be in better condition than
undisturbed plants.

Unknown

Although M. turbinatum appears to be a disturbance opportunist with individuals being relatively short-lived, it is very
geographically restricted. The known populations of M. turbinatum occur on road reserves adjacent to cleared farmland
38
and have the potential to be disturbed by either road grading or firebreak maintenance activities. Road markers are
required.
Sections of the Beaumont Group Nature Reserve (Nos. 32130 and 32783) have the potential to encompass further
populations of this species. A small control burn in Reserve No. 32783 is recommended to regenerate and assess any
undetected populations. This would also provide data on the response of M. turbinatum to fire and its life history.
The majority of plants on private property are unfenced and could eventually be grazed out. Liaison with landholders
and fencing of populations to exclude livestock is urgently required.
References
Chinnock (1985), Hopper et al. (1990), Newbey (1983).
39
Myriophyllum petraeum Orchard HALORAGACEAE
Granite Myriophyllum
An annual aquatic herb, with weak stems, 15-20 cm long. The linear leaves are alternate, and emergent leaves are
longer and broader than submerged ones. Separate male and female flowers are borne singly in the axils of the upper
leaves. Flowers are sessile and 4-merous; the males have 4 white petals and 8 stamens, while the females are without
petals or sepals. The yellow-brown to red-brown fruits have 4 cylindrical mericarps which separate freely at maturity.
This species has no close relatives.

Myriophyllum petraeum is distributed between Southern Cross and Mt Ragged, a geographical range of over 400 km. It
is confined to ephemeral rock pools, 10-30 cm deep, on granitic outcrops. The plants collapse when pools dry out at the
end of summer and must re-establish themselves from seed with the next season's rainfall.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Mt Heywood Esp Esp VCL 30.9.83 - -

2 Mt Beaumont,NE Esp Esp VCL 29.9.83 - -
3 Moir Rock Esp Esp VCL 15.9.76 - -
4 25 Mile Rocks Esp Dund NR 20.11.92 250 Good
5 Caenyie Rock Gold Cool - 26.8.81 Rare -
6 Split Rocks Mer Yil VCL 17.10.90 80 Disturbed
7 Boyatup Hill Esp Esp VCL 1.10.68 - -
8 Junana Rock Esp Esp NP 16.8.80 - -
9 Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 16.11.76 - -
10 Mt Madden Kat LG Water Res. 26.10.92 500 Part-grazed
11 Nulla Nulla,N Mer Yil Private 10.9.89 315 Undisturbed
12 Bullarragin Mer West Private 2.9.89 434 Disturbed
13 Thomas River Esp Esp NP 21.11.89 - -
14 71 Mile Rocks Gold Cool Water Res. 1988 <20 Good
Unknown

#
40
M. petraeum has very specialised habitat requirements, often being found at a site in only one or two rock pools when
potentially many more are available. Disturbances which would likely affect the survival of this species include
pollution, grazing by feral goats, inappropriate drainage caused by using the granitic outcrop as a water catchment area,
and increased nutrients in the water resulting from fertiliser drift. Monitoring of known populations every 1-2 years is
necessary to document population dynamics during seasonal wet and dry cycles.
References
Hopper et al. (1990), Mollemans et al. (1993), Orchard (1985).
41
Prostanthera carrickiana B.J.Conn LAMIACEAE
Carrick's Mintbush
An erect shrub, 50 cm tall, with densely hairy branches. Leaves are hairless and elliptical in shape (13-14 x 6-8 mm).
Flowers are 23-26 mm long, pinkish-red, hairless at the base of the corolla but moderately to densely hairy towards the
tip; the inner surface of the corolla is hairless. There are 2-6 flowers per inflorescence.
This species does not appear to have any close affinities with any other Prostanthera species occurring in Western
Australia.
Flowering Period: April - May

P. carrickiana is only known from three localities, between Clyde Hill and Mt Burraminya, with a 20 km range. It
occurs in open mallee with a low shrub understorey in greyish-brown sandy clay soils and in rock crevices.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Clyde Hill,E Esp Esp ?Private & NR 3.5.83 10 -

2 Clyde Hill,NE Esp Esp Private - 10 -
3 Mt Buraminya Esp Esp VCL 16.6.90 1 000+ Good
Unknown

Unknown

According to Burgman (1985b), the area near Clyde Hill where populations nos. 1 and 2 of P. carrickiana grow are
being developed for agriculture. Information on the specimens at the Western Australian Herbarium suggests that pop.
no. 1 may occur within the Clyde Hill Nature Reserve. A survey in May 1993 failed to locate this population. Surveys
to relocate the populations near Clyde Hill are urgently required. The Mt Burraminya population is large, in a relatively
remote area and appears quite stable and under no immediate risk (W. Archer, personal communication).
References
Burgman (1985b), Conn (1987), Hopper et al. (1990).
#
42
Rhizanthella gardneri R.S.Rogers ORCHIDACEAE
Underground Orchid
A succulent saprophytic herb with thick horizontal subterranean stems. The tulip-like flower heads develop just under
the soil surface. Each head contains 20-90 small flowers (6 x 5 mm) surrounded by 6 to 12 large, cream or red-cream,
spreading bracts (10-30 x 5-10 mm) that cracks open the soil surface as the head matures. Occasionally the tips of the
floral bracts protrude through the leaf litter, leaving a tiny opening.
Flowering Period: May - July

Rhizanthella gardneri is known from two widely separated areas, in the Esperance District it occurs in the Munglinup-
Oldfield River District; the other area lies between Corrigin and Wubin in the central Wheatbelt. A few plants are also
known in New South Wales and there have been reports of R. gardneri being found in South Australia. In Western
Australia it grows in association with Melaleuca uncinata, which often forms dense thickets.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1 Babakin Nar BR NR 1982 110 -

2 Sorenson's Res. Nar BR NR 1982 6 -
3 Dallinup Esp Rav Private 1982 10 -
4 Cheadanup Esp Rav NR. 1982 4 -
5 Oldfield River Esp Rav VCL 1982 4 -
6 Corrigin,W Nar Cor Unvested Res. 1982 50-60 -
Unknown


A comprehensive report on the biology, distribution and management of R. gardneri was prepared by Kingsley Dixon
and John Pate (1984) following extensive surveys during 1981-82. They indicate that management of the orchid
requires successful management of the whole vegetational system which supports the Melaleuca uncinata thickets in
which R. gardneri is known or suspected to reside. In the Esperance District, firebreaks need to be well maintained
around populations to prevent burns escaping from adjoining farmland. The impact of rabbits appears to be negligible
at present, but monitoring is required. A nature reserve has been proposed to incorporate the Oldfield River population
(no. 5); this proposal requires further action. A recent report has been prepared on the population genetics and life
history of this species (Carstairs and Coates 1994).
References
Carstairs and Coates (1994), Dixon and Pate (1984), Hargreaves (1993), Hoffman and Brown (1992), Hopper et al.
(1990), Leigh and Briggs (1992).
43
Ricinocarpos trichophorus Muell.Arg. EUPHORBIACEAE
Barrens Wedding Bush
An erect, openly spreading shrub to 0.6 m tall, with stems covered in grey felt-like hairs. The narrow leaves (25-80 x
1.5 mm) lack stalks, are dark green above and greyish felt-like below, and have margins rolled back toward the midrib
(revolute). Flowers are white and unisexual; the females have 3 divided styles while the males have numerous stamens
which are joined at the base to form a central column. The flowers are borne on long, pinkish-brown stalks (up to 20
mm), with 6-10 flowers at the end of each branch. Fruits are about 10 mm long, grey, hairy and surrounded by the
persistent sepals; they split into 3 slits to release the dark, glossy seeds.
Flowering Period: March - May, August - November

Ricinocarpos trichophorus is a common but localised component of post-fire regeneration of mallee scrublands. It
prefers rocky, sandy clay sites along watercourses or areas which collect run-off, such as granite rocks or breakaways.
Associated species include Eucalyptus lehmannii, E. tetragona, Melaleuca uncinata, Glischrocaryon aureum and
Allocasuarina spp.
Conservation Status
Known Populations

1a Twertup Alb Jer NP 17.3.93 3 Healthy

1b Twertup,E Alb Jer NP 7.12.93 20 Healthy
1c Fitzgerald Valley Alb Jer NP 24.5.85 Dense Healthy
2 Mt Heywood Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Post-fire
3 Mt Beaumont Esp Esp VCL 8.83 Few -
Two years after a hot burn (January 1991), R. trichophorus was abundant and flowering on Mt Heywood, having
regenerated largely by root suckers. According to K.R. Newbey (unpublished data), plants growing from seed have their
first seed set after 4 years.

Unknown

Resurvey of the Mt Beaumont population is required following the burn in 1991.
References
Hopper et al. (1990), Robinson and Coates (1995), Rye and Hopper (1981).
44
Presumed Extinct Taxa
Opercularia acolytantha Diels RUBIACEAE
A plant, 8-10 cm tall, with hairless stems. Lower leaves are minute while the upper ones are linear or slightly broader
between the middle and tip of the leaf (10-15 x 1-3 mm), acute and scarcely rough to touch (scabrous). Inflorescence
stalks are long and recurve towards the globular flower head. Flowers are separate from one another; calyx tubes are 2.5
mm long. Seeds (1.5-2 mm) are 3-sided with lateral appendages.
Opercularia acolytantha is similar to O. vaginata except for the calyx tubes which are all joined together in the latter
species, and free from each other in the former.

O. acolytantha was originally collected near Esperance Bay, and according to Diels and Pritzel (1905) "appeared to us
as being [a] genuine sand plant. We saw [it] settled on the most loose soil."
Conservation Status
Current: Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct
Known Populations

1 Esperance Bay Esp Esp - 1901 - -

There is no known specimen of O. acolytantha. Herbaria that have been searched include those in Australia, Britain and
Berlin. The type specimen was collected by Diels and probably lodged in Berlin where many specimens were destroyed
during World War II. Duplicates of Diels collections are widely distributed and another specimen may eventually turn
up elsewhere.
References
Diels and Pritzel (1905), Grieve and Blackall (1982).
45
Taraxacum cygnorum Hand.-Mazz. ASTERACEAE
Dandelion
A somewhat slender plant, up to 15 cm tall, which is possibly a short-lived perennial. Roots are simple or few-headed;
the neck being somewhat scaly with fragments of old leaves, and moderately long-hairy. Leaves are erect (apparently),
hairless, almost membranous, broad-lanceolate (5-25 mm wide), somewhat obtuse, long-attenuate below, and lightly
toothed. There are 1-4 floral stalks (scapes) which are sub-erect, slender, loosely woolly when young, but eventually
hairless, and longer than the leaves when flowering. Flower heads are rather small (to 20 mm); involucral bracts are
grey-green, not horned, with about 9 each in the inner and outer series. Sulphureous flowers are a little longer than the
involucrum; achenes are large (7 mm), up to 40, cylindrical, dark purple, densely covered with wide, thick warty
protuberances; the rostrum is straight, slender and equal in length to the achene; the pappus (5-6 mm) is white.
Flowering Period: Late winter

Taraxacum cygnorum was originally collected in the south-west of Australia between Swan River and Cape Riche.
Another specimen, lodged in the Melbourne Herbarium, was collected from Israelite Bay.
Conservation Status
Current: Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct
Known Populations

1 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR - - -
Unknown

Unknown

Recent studies by Neville Scarlett (N. Marchant, personal communication) suggest that T. cygnorum is naturally
occurring in Victoria and Bass Strait Islands where it grows in undisturbed coastal dunes in calcareous sand. N. Lander
(personal communication) has viewed both the Victorian specimens and an isosyntype of T. cygnorum held at Geneva,
and believed them to be separate taxa.
One specimen collected in the north of the state (W. Archer, personal communication) cannot be accurately determined
until the type specimen has been inspected. The characters that distinguish this taxon from other Taraxacum appear
difficult to define (G. Perry, personal communication). Further taxonomic work is required.
In April 1993, a survey at Israelite Bay failed to locate T. cygnorum.
References
Handel-Mazzetti (1907).
46
PART THREE: PRIORITY FLORA IN THE ESPERANCE DISTRICT
The taxa treated in this section are those listed (P1, P2, and P3) on CALM's Priority Flora List (28 October 1992) for
the Esperance District. The priority categories are outlined in section 1.4. The treatments follow the format in Part 2
but generally do not include detailed recommendations for management and research actions.
Priority One, Two and Three taxa require further surveys to determine their conservation status as they do not meet the
survey requirements for gazettal as Declared Rare Flora. They may be added to the Schedule of Declared Rare Flora if
they prove to be truly rare, in danger of extinction or deemed to be threatened and in need of special protection. Where
possible, populations of these taxa, particularly those listed as Priority One and Two, should be protected from damage
or destruction.
Priority Four taxa have been adequately surveyed and have not been further treated in this document. They are usually
represented on conservation reserves and are not presently threatened or in need of special protection. Their status may
change if present circumstances alter (e.g. land clearing, introduction or spread of Phytophthora dieback disease) and
they may go onto (or back onto) the Schedule of Declared Rare Flora. These species should be monitored during
routine operations.
Descriptions of species were compiled by consulting references and from discussion with botanists. Distribution and
habitat were recorded from Departmental Rare Flora files. The list of known populations generally refers to those in the
Esperance District although there may be some populations listed which occur outside the District. Herbarium records
may indicate a wider range and larger numbers of populations, some of which are known to have been destroyed since
the time of collection.
63
A. Priority One Taxa
Based on the October 1992 Priority Flora List there are 75 Priority One taxa known from within the boundaries of the
Esperance District. Of these, 37 taxa were located during surveys in 1992 and 1993. New populations or sub-
populations were found for 26 taxa.
The following taxa are not included, as current information indicates that they are not distributed in the Esperance
District:
Acacia rhamphophylla ms
Bossiaea strigillosa
Dryandra sp. 36 (A.S.George 16721)
Frankenia bracteata
Guichenotia apetala
Haloragis scoparia
Lachnostachys ferruginea var. paniculata forma paniculata
Microcorys pimeleoides
Microcorys wilsoniana
Pterostylis turfosa
Spyridium sp. Ravensthorpe (E.M.Bennett s.n.) = S. glaucum ms
The following taxa have been deleted as they were found to be another taxon:
Acacia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 9681)

= Acacia singula
Eucalyptus sp. F (K.R.Newbey 9772)
= Eucalyptus litorea
Eremophila sp. Mt Heywood (K.R.Newbey 8180)
= Eremophila biserrata
Leucopogon sp. Dundas (M.A.Burgman 1482)
= Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp (K.R.Newbey 8173)
Leucopogon sp. Peak Charles (M.A.Burgman 1476)
= Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill (K.R.Newbey 9831)
Pultenaea sp. Clyde Hill (K.R.Newbey 8236)
= Pultenaea elachista
Pultenaea sp. Sheoak Hill (K.R.Newbey 8003a)
= Pultenaea conferta
Pultenaea sp. Sparkle Hill (K.R.Newbey 2690)
= Pultenaea neurocalyx
The following taxa were renamed during the project:
Acacia sp. Niblick Hill (K.R.Newbey 9726)

= Acacia diaphana ms
Aotus sp. Dundas (M.A.Burgman 3835)
& Pultenaea sp. Fitzgerald River (M.A.Burgman 3835)
= Otion rigidum ms
Diuris sp. Gibson (A.P.Brown 243)
= Diuris concinna
Eucalyptus sp. Beaumont (M.A.Burgman 3135)
= Eucalyptus burgmaniana ms
Eucalyptus sp. Jimberlana Hill (A.Taylor s.n. 13.11.87)
= Eucalyptus jimberlanica
Eucalyptus sp. Pyramid Lake (M.I.H.Brooker 9526)
= Eucalyptus delicata ms
64
Gratiola sp. Cape Arid (G.J.Keighery s.n.)
= Gratiola pedunculata
Latrobea sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532)
& Pultenaea sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532)
= Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532)
Leucopogon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 3700) [aff. hamulosus]
= Leucopogon sp. Mt Heywood (M.A.Burgman 1211)
Spyridium sp. Mt Beaumont (K.R.Newbey 6718)
= Spyridium minutum ms
Stachystemon sp. Mt Beaumont (K.R.Newbey 9773)
= Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9773)
65
Acacia diaphana R.S.Cowan & Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A bushy, spreading shrub to 3 m tall, with branches dividing near ground level into 3-4 main stems. Branches are
smooth, dull greyish-brown; new growth is angular with resinous margins and a white powdery ('pruinose') surface.
Phyllodes ('leaves') are narrow and slightly elliptical (30-70 x 2.5-4 mm), flexible, one central nerve, strongly resinous
along the margin (often in obvious droplets) and bright lightish green in colour. Flower heads are globular, golden, with
2-3 borne on a main axis in the axils of phyllodes.

Acacia diaphana ms is distributed between Niblick Hill and Mt Coobaninya, with a range of about 50 km. It occurs in
sandy loam and mottled clay in small, freshwater depressions. It grows in low open woodland in association with
Eucalyptus occidentalis, A. cyclops and Lepidosperma leptophyllum.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Buraminya,NW Esp Esp VCL 6.5.81 Rare -

2 Clyde Hill,N Esp Esp ?Private 19.9.84 - -
3 Niblick Hill,W Esp Esp Private 24.2.83 Common -
4 Mt Willgonarinya,W Esp Esp VCL 22.9.90 - -
5 Mt Buraminya,E Esp Esp VCL 15.9.90 - -
Unknown


A. diaphana ms is poorly known and possibly rare and vulnerable. The two most southern populations occur in
agricultural areas and are threatened by clearing. In 1983, the population near Niblick Hill (no. 3) was not fenced from
stock (Newbey 1983). Resurvey of all populations is required.
References
Newbey (1983).
66
Acacia diminuta Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
An intricately branched, spreading shrub, 15-20 cm tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are hairless, linear to oblong (3-5 x 1 mm),
with a slightly upturned, sharp spiny tip; a gland may be present on the upper margin near the middle of the phyllode.
Flower heads are globular and cream to yellow in colour. Legumes (20 x 4-5 mm) are slightly constricted between the
seeds.

Acacia diminuta ms is known from a few scattered localities between Jerramungup and Scaddan, over a range of 200
km. It grows in sandy clay soils in shrub mallee.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Ravensthorpe,WNW Alb Rav - 30.10.65 - -

2 Scaddan,N Esp Esp - 2.11.68 - -
3 Esperance,W Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -
Unknown


A. diminuta ms is poorly known and possibly rare and endangered. Access to the population in Nature Reserve No.
30583 is through dense scrub thicket; resurvey (with access requested via the adjoining landowner) is required. Surveys
in the Scaddan area in 1992 failed to locate population no. 2. Further survey is required.
67
Acacia dorsenna Maslin MIMOSACEAE
A dense, rounded shrub, 1.5 m tall and 3 m broad. The bark is smooth, light grey with the extremities of young
branches being light brownish to yellowish-green. Phyllodes ('leaves') are asymmetrically elliptical in shape and have a
small, spiny tip. A small gland is present on the upper margin near the base of the phyllode. Foliage is dull green and
turns very slightly shiny with age. The globular flower heads are large (about 9 mm diam.) and bright, mid-golden in
colour. Legumes are narrowly oblong (60 x 11 mm) and conspicuously rounded over the seeds.
Acacia dorsenna may be mistaken for A. merrallii or a large phyllode form of A. camptoclada. A. dorsenna is
distinguished by its larger phyllodes, which do not have a stiff, sharp point, and the gland is close to the base; legumes
are straight and larger.

A. dorsenna is known only from a restricted area (less than 20 km) north of Norseman where it grows on low rocky hills.
Soils are reddish sandy loams with limestone.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Thirsty,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 20.11.92 50-100 Part-dist.

2 Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 27.9.69 - -
Unknown


A. dorsenna appears to be extremely rare. The only known populations are on Main Road Reserves, which are partially
disturbed. In 1992, a survey for A. dorsenna led to the location of the population north of Norseman (no. 2). Further
survey is urgently required to determine the conservation status of this species.
68
Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A shrub or small tree, 1.6-2 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are linear-oblanceolate (30-55 x 3-4 mm), slightly incurved, and
acute and finely pointed at the tip. A gland is situated 1-5 mm from the base. Narrow appendages at the base of the
phyllodes (stipules, 2 mm) are occasionally persistent. The golden flower heads are globular, 16-32 flowered with
generally 2 heads borne per cluster (raceme) on a stalk (3-6 mm). Legumes are black, almost cylindrical (70 x 2-3 mm),
barely constricted between the seeds, and curved to once coiled.

Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva ms is known from two areas, over 220 km apart, near the Young River and between
Ongerup and Pingrup. It grows on slightly undulating plain in sand or sandy loam, in very open shrub mallee and dense
heath. Associated species include Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. stoatei and Melaleuca subtrigona.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1* West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. & VCL 11.9.92 Common Healthy
2 Ongerup,E Alb Gno - 22.9.73 - -
3 Ongerup,NW Alb Gno - 9.12.62 - -
4 Pingrup,SE Kat Kent - - - -
* = new population
Unknown


A. mutabilis subsp. incurva ms is poorly known. A recent survey has significantly extended the known range of this
taxon. Further survey in the upper reaches of the Young River is required.
69
Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b) MIMOSACEAE
A shrub, less than 50 cm tall. Young branches are covered in short, felt-like hairs which are pressed close to the stem.
Phyllodes ('leaves') are cylindrical (terete, 90-130 x 1.5 mm), thick, curve inwards and have a sharp spine at the tip. The
globular flower heads are small (3 mm diam.), 10-flowered and borne singly on short stalks (2 mm) in phyllode axils.
Flowering Period: August

This taxa is known from only one collection. The plant occurs in very open shrub mallee and mid-dense shrub (less than
0.5 m tall), in reddish sand and clay in a depression near a clay pan.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Clyde Hill,NNW Esp Esp VCL 7.8.83 - -
Unknown


Acacia sp. Esperance is very poorly known and possibly rare. The known location is remote but may be threatened by
clearing for agriculture. Further survey is required.
References
Burgman (1985b).
70
Allocasuarina globosa L.A.S.Johnson CASUARINACEAE
A shrub, 1.5 to 3.5 m tall, with separate male and female plants. The joints of the branches (articles, 17-28 x 1 mm) are
smooth and have short hairs in the furrows. There are 10-12 short teeth (0.6-1.0 mm) at the end of each joint. The
cones are subglobose in shape (15-17 x 13-15 mm) and attached directly to the branch. Markings on the cones are
arranged in squares. Immediately below the calyx of the flower there are 2 small bracteoles which have an obtuse apex
divided into 3 pyramidal bodies that are separated by a tiny, sharp point.
Allocasuarina globosa differs from A. scleroclada by having shorter teeth, slender articles and divided bracteoles. It
can be distinguished from A. campestris and A. tesselata by having longer articles, shorter cones, and the form of the
divided bracteoles on the cone.
Flowering Period: Unknown

A. globosa is known from only two populations, both on hilltops of basaltic rock, which are 120 km apart. At Mt Deans
this species forms the dominant shrubland species, while at Mt Day other Allocasuarinas, A. campestris and A. helmsii,
are present. The mallee Eucalyptus oleosa var. oleosa occurs at both sites.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Day Esp Dund VCL 25.10.64 - -

2 Mt Deans Esp Dund Timber Res. 27.11.91 1 200 Good
Unknown

Unknown

A. globosa has very specific habitat requirements and is possibly threatened by mining activities. At Mt Deans, although
there is no current mining activity, the area is heavily pegged. Resurvey to locate the Mt Day population, and further
survey of the Bremer Range is required.
References
Beard (1969), Wilson and Johnson (1989).
71
Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra F.Muell. ex Benth. MYRTACEAE
A straggly to dense, wide-spreading shrub to 1 m tall and 1 m wide. Leaves are shiny, thick, triquetrous, oblong (2-3
mm) and obtuse at the tip. Flowers are small with pale mauve petals. The calyx is finely honeycombed. Bracteoles are
rarely seen as they fall off early. The ovary is 3-celled with 2 ovules per cell. The 15-20 stamens are in a single row,
separate, with longer ones occurring opposite the petals; the filaments are slender and cylindrical.
Flowering Period: May, August - October

Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra is distributed from near Truslove to Israelite Bay, a range of 200 km. It grows in
white sand in open woodland and shrub communities, associated with Banksia media, Grevillea aneura and
Conostephium drummondii.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Ney,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 20+ Good

2* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 5+ Good
3 Clyde Hill,NNW Esp Esp VCL 4.5.83 - -
4a Mt Ney,SW Esp Esp NR - - -
4b Kau Rock Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.85 - -
5 Wittenoom Hills,NE Esp Esp VCL 17.9.70 - -
6 Wittenoom Hills Esp Esp NR 9.6.72 - -
7 Kau Rock,SE Esp Esp VCL 5.9.84 - -
8 Mt Ridley,NE Esp Esp VCL 14.9.91 5+ -
9 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 9.02 - -
10 Scaddan Esp Esp - 9.92 - -
11 Truslove Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 16.8.82 - -
12 Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp - 10.3.80 Rare -
13 Oldfield River Esp Rav - 12.40 - -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra is known to occur in three Nature Reserves. It is also common between Mt Ridley
and Mt Buraminya (W. Archer, personal communication), an area of Crown Land which is not currently threatened by
clearing for agriculture. The genus is currently under taxonomic revision (M. Trudgen, personal communication).
References
Blackall and Grieve (1980).
72
Caladenia tentaculata Schltdl. ORCHIDACEAE
Green-comb Spider Orchid, Fringed Spider Orchid
An orchid, 25-35 cm tall. Leaves are narrow (80-120 x 6-12 mm) and hairy. Flowers are large (60-80 x 50-60 mm),
spider-like, with 1 or 2 per plant.
Caladenia tentaculata differs from other members of the C. dilatata complex in its green and white flowers, hanging
(tentacle-like) rather than upcurved sepals and extremely long-fringed labellum (the modified lower petal which is often
referred to as the lip or tongue).

C. tentaculata is known from a few widely scattered localities, over 200 km apart, from near Jerramungup to the
Cascades area. It grows in mallee woodland adjacent to seasonal creeks.
This species is also found in South Australia and Victoria, where it is common in forest, woodland or rough scrub.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Lort River Esp Esp VCL 31.8.78 2 -

1993 Not found -
2 Young River Esp Rav - 1993 3 -
3 Jerramungup Alb Jer ?Private 20.9.78 - -
Unknown


C. tentaculata is considered rare by Hoffman and Brown (1992), and although it closely resembles species found in the
eastern States, more taxonomic work is required to determine whether the western form is, in fact, the same species (A.
Brown, personal communication).
Surveys by A. Brown (personal communication) have failed to relocate any plants at the Lort River locality (pop. no. 1).
In Western Australia, this taxon is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. Further survey is required.
References
Bates and Weber (1990), Hoffman and Brown (1992).
73
Chorizema circinale J.M.Taylor & Crisp PAPILIONACEAE
A small shrub, about 30 cm tall, arising from a thick, woody rootstock. Stems and branches are wiry, weak, and covered
with short, pale hairs. Leaves are often sparse, oblong-shaped (4-12 x 2-4 mm) with margins that are curved back
strongly towards the midrib (revolute). The tip of the leaf is rolled backwards, like a coil (circinate), and has a fine,
sharp point; the upper surface of the leaf shows conspicuous veins and is almost hairless, while the under side is covered
with dense, persistent hairs. The broad, upright petal (standard, 13 mm x 13 mm) and wings of the flowers are dull
yellow with orange-red markings, whereas the keel is yellow or greenish. The calyx (7-9 mm) is covered with dense,
grey or white hairs; the 2 upper lobes are united. The pod (11 x 5 mm) is usually nodding, has a pointed tip, and is
covered with soft hairs.
Chorizema circinale superficially resembles C. cytisoides, C. obtusifolium, C. ulotropis and C. uncinatum, which all
have narrow leaves with a conspicuous network of veins and margins that curve backwards. C. cytisoides and
C. obtusifolium can be distinguished by their leaves which are more than 12 mm long; C. ulotropis has linear leaves,
about 1 mm wide; and C. uncinatum has hooked leaves which rarely curve backwards strongly and are never coiled; it
also has more numerous flowers.

C. circinale is known from only two localities, one, 50 km WNW of Grasspatch and the other, 70 km to the north-west,
near Ninety Mile Tank. It grows on yellow sand or sandy clay loam in an almost flat or undulating landscape.
Associated vegetation is usually heath which may include Grevillea excelsior, G. aneura, Banksia elderiana,
Allocasuarina campestris, Verticordia spp. and Melaleuca spp.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Fields Road Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.9.93 50-100 Part-dist.

& VCL 30% Grazed
2 Ninety Mile Esp Dund VCL 16.12.79 - -
Tank,W
Unknown

Unknown

C. circinale appears to be extremely rare. The Fields Road population (no. 1) is immediately adjacent to a gravel pit
and is threatened by further extension of the pit. Apparently this area was burned in 1983, prior to being cleared and
ripped (Taylor and Crisp 1992). About 30% of the plants have been grazed (1993 survey), possibly by rabbits. Liaison
with the Esperance Shire is urgently required to prevent further disturbance of the population. Further survey is urgently
required to accurately assess the conservation status of this species.
References
Burgman (1985b), Taylor and Crisp (1992).
74
Chorizema nervosum T.Moore PAPILIONACEAE
An openly branching shrub, 30-70 cm tall, with numerous branches from the base that are covered in short hairs. Leaves
are nearly round (7-14 x 8-14 mm) with a conspicuous network of veins, have a long sharp point and curve slightly
backwards at the tip; the margins are crinkled. Flowers are borne in terminal or axillary racemes (4-12 cm) with 5-10
flowers on stalks (3-4 mm). The calyx (3.5-5 mm) is scattered with short hairs and the upper 2 lobes are united into a
broad lip with 1 mm free. The corolla has a large, yellow-orange upright petal (standard, 6-9 x 8-11 mm), yellow-
orange wings and an orange-red keel that is much shorter than the wings.
The pod is nodding, ovoid (8-12 x 4-6 mm) and acute at the tip.
Flowering Period: July - September

Chorizema nervosum is distributed over a range of nearly 350 km, from near Bremer Bay to Cape Arid, and extends
inland to near Jerramungup, Mt Ney and Mt Ragged. It is found in numerous habitats, including sand, sandy clay, and
on rocky slopes and gullies. Associated vegetation may be shrubland, coastal heath or low mallee-heath.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Cheadanup Esp Rav NR 10.84 - -

2 Mt Burdett,SSE Esp Esp Shire Rd Verge 25.9.92 1 Average
3 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 4.8.83 - -
4 Thomas River Esp Esp - 7.38 - -
5 Quoin Head,NE Alb Rav NP 16.7.71 - -
6* Parmango Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.11.93 5 Good
7* Pt Malcolm Rd Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 30+ Good
8* Sheoaks Hill,NW Esp Esp NP 22.4.93 100+ Good
9* Gora Rd Esp Esp NP 22.4.93 500+ Post-fire
10a* Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 40+ Post-fire
10b* Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 100+ Post-fire
10c Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 50+ Post-fire
11* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 1 Average
12* Young River,W Esp Esp ?VCL 9.9.93 20+ Good
13* Fence Rd Alb Rav Shire Rd Verge 8.9.93 4 Disturbed
14* Loc. 1040 Alb Rav VCL 11.8.93 500+ Good
15 Eyre Range Alb Rav NP 2.11.65 - -
16 Fitzgerald Alb Rav - 23.8.63 - -
17 Gairdner River Alb Jer - 27.6.60 - -
18 Bremer Bay,NW Alb Jer - 8.7.67 - -
19 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 1875 - -
* = new population
75
Numerous seedlings were found growing 26 months after a hot fire (February 1991) in the Mt Ragged area; the majority
of these plants had not yet flowered or set seed. One of the largest and most vigorous populations was found south-west
of Ravensthorpe (pop. no. 14) which has had no known disturbance for at least 30 years; the last fire was in the mid
1960s.

Unknown

Recent surveys have found C. nervosum to be widespread and well represented in five conservation reserves.
References
Taylor and Crisp (1992).
76
Coleanthera coelophylla (A.Cunn.) Benth. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect, bushy shrub, 30-60 cm tall. Young branches, leaves and leaf margins are covered with soft hairs. Leaves are
ovate to lanceolate (14 x 5 mm) and strongly striate below. White to deep pink flowers are borne singly or rarely in
pairs in the leaf axils. The calyx has long hairs around the margins. Corolla lobes are rolled back and bearded inside.
The anthers are completely exerted from the corolla tube and joined together at the base to form a purple-red cone
around the style.
Flowering Period: May, November

Coleanthera coelophylla is known only from the Borden-Nyabing area where collections were made more than 60 years
ago, and from near Gibson from a 1901 collection. It grows in gravelly sand in heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Albany,E ?Alb ?Alb - 1800s - -

2 Borden Alb Gno - 10.28 - -
3 Nyabing Kat Kent - - - -
4 Gibson's Soak Esp Esp - 4.11.01 - -
Unknown

Unknown

C. coelophylla is very poorly known and possibly rare. It has not been collected for over 60 years and further survey is
urgently required.
References
77
Conostephium marchantiorum Strid EPACRIDACEAE
A much-branched, erect shrub, 0.6 to 1.2 m tall. Leaves are narrowly oblong-linear (7-11 x 1-2 mm) and crowded
towards the tips of the branchlets. Both leaves and branchlets are sparsely to moderately covered in short, soft hairs.
Leaf margins are rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute), and leaf tips have a short, sharp point. Flowers are
about 10 mm long, solitary and usually hang downwards from the leaf axils. Sepals resemble the bracteoles which are
densely silky-hairy on the outer surface. The lower half of the corolla is yellowish, while the upper section is deep
reddish-purple.
Conostephium marchantiorum is closely allied to C. minus and C. uncinatum. The latter species also occurs north of
Esperance; it has more tightly rolled leaves than C. marchantiorum, as well as a leaf apex which bends downwards,
which is not present in either C. marchantiorum or C. minus. C. minus only occurs in the Perth-Gingin area.
Flowering Period: November - December

C. marchantiorum is distributed over an area of 65 km, from south of Peak Eleanora to near Dalyup and eastwards to
Scaddan. It grows in grey or light yellow sandy soil, in open mallee and shrub heath communities. Associated species
include Eucalyptus tetragona, E. angulosa, Banksia media, Hakea sp. and Melaleuca spp.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Truslove Esp Esp NR 17.11.92 12+ Good

2a Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 500+ Good
2b Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 20+ Good
3 Grass Patch,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 10+ Good
4 Scaddan,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 14.3.83 - -
20.11.92 Not found -
5 Scaddan,NNW Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 6.9.86 Frequent -
& ?NR
6 Coolbidge Ck Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 23.6.90 Common -
7* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 2 Good
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown
78
C. marchantiorum is found in a relatively large population (no. 2) on Crown Land which is not threatened by clearing
for agriculture at present. It also occurs in at least one and possibly two localities in the Truslove Nature Reserve (pop.
nos. 1 and 5) where it should remain secure. In 1992, a survey south of Scaddan failed to relocate population no. 4; the
clayey soil typical of the given locality, was inconsistent with the known preferred habitat of C. marchantiorum. Further
survey is required.
References
Strid (1986), van der Moezel (1987).
79
Conostephium uncinatum Moezel EPACRIDACEAE
An erect shrub to 1.5 m tall, with branchlets densely covered in silky, straight hairs. Leaves are narrowly oblong-linear
(3-5 x 0.5 mm), tightly rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute), and clustered into several groups at the ends of
branches. The leaf apex has a distinctive brittle, brown point that bends sharply downwards (deflexed). Flowers are
about 10 mm long and solitary in the upper leaf axils. The bracteoles are covered in silky hairs, and are nearly as long
as the calyx. The upper half of the corolla is silky-hairy, while the lower half is without hairs.
Conostephium uncinatum is closely related to C. marchantiorum and C. minus. It differs from the latter two species by
having a deflexed leaf apex, shorter floral parts, and shorter, more tightly rolled leaves. C. marchantiorum occurs in the
same region as C. uncinatum, however C. minus only grows in the Perth-Gingin area.

C. uncinatum is distributed over an area of about 100 km, between Grass Patch and Clyde Hill. It typically grows in
yellow or brown loamy sand or white sand near saline depressions. Associated plants include tall Melaleuca shrubs,
open tree mallee of Eucalyptus incrassata and E. angulosa, and open low shrubs including Darwinia luehmannii.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 200+ Good

1b* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 4 Good
2 Clyde Hill Esp Esp ?NR 19.3.93 - Not found
3 Grasspatch,E Esp Esp ? 18.10.82 - -
4a Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10 Good
4b* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 2 Good
4c Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 50+ Good
4d* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 3+ Good
5 Mt Beaumont Esp Esp ?VCL 31.12.83 - -
6a* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 50+ Good
6b* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 200+ Good
* = new population / sub-population
Unknown

Unknown

The majority of known populations occur in Vacant Crown Land north of Mt Heywood and Mt Beaumont. This region
is interspersed with numerous saline lakes and depressions where this species is likely to exist. The area is not
threatened by clearing for agriculture at present. Further survey is required.
References
Burgman (1985b), van der Moezel (1987).
80
Dampiera sericantha F.Muell. ex Benth. GOODENIACEAE
A slender, weak perennial herb, 10-30 cm tall, which lacks hairs except for the flowers. The stems have blunt angles.
The oblong to elliptical-shaped leaves (2-9 x 1.5-3 mm) lack stalks, are thick, obtuse at the tip, and may be entire or
toothed along the margins. Flowering branches (to 25 mm) bear 1 to 3 flowers; bracteoles (3 mm) occur immediately
beneath the flowers. Flowers are blue to pale blue; the corolla (9-11 mm) has fine silvery-grey hairs on the outside; the
lobes have wings (1-2 mm wide).
Dampiera sericantha is similar to D. parvifolia which has numerous bracteoles beneath the flowers.
Flowering Period: August - December

D. sericantha has been found between the Vermin Proof Fence and Cape Le Grand National Park, a distance of 160 km.
It grows on sandplain in heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Munglinup,E Esp Esp MRWA Rd Verge 9.9.93 20+ Part-dist.

2 VPF Esp Rav - 2.11.62 - -
3 Shark Lake Esp Esp - 21.5.69 - -
4 Esperance,W Esp Esp - 13.12.60 - -
5 Gibson,NW Esp Esp - - - -
6 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 1800s - -
Appears to be a disturbance opportunist.

Unknown

Plants recently surveyed east of Munglinup (pop. no. 1) were most frequent along the Telecom line where disturbance
had created a more open habitat. It is an inconspicuous shrub and its broad distribution suggests that more populations
may exist. Further survey is required.
References
Bentham (1869), Rajput and Carolin (1992).
81
Darwinia calothamnoides N.G.Marchant ms MYRTACEAE
A straggly shrub, to 1.5 m tall and 0.8 m wide, with pale cream-grey branches. Leaves are crowded towards the branch
ends, narrow-linear (about 12 mm x 0.7 mm), almost triquetrous, have numerous oil glands on the lower surface; older
leaves drop off leaving prominent leaf scars.

Darwinia calothamnoides ms is known only from Mt Heywood, where it grows in rock crevices and on nearby
sandplain.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Mt Heywood Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 6 -

1b Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Seedl. Post-fire
A fire burnt the Mt Heywood area in January 1991. More than one thousand seedlings and resuckers of
D. calothamnoides ms were observed in burnt sandplain at the north-west base of Mt Heywood.

Unknown

Post-fire monitoring of the population and further survey are required.
82
Darwinia sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9775) MYRTACEAE
A shrub, 30-50 cm tall and 30-35 cm wide. Leaves are smooth, obovate (3 x 1.3 mm), thick, upper surface slightly
convex, lower surface ridged, margins with fine scattered teeth. Red flower heads (8-10 mm across) occur at the branch
ends and are 6-8 flowered, pendant and numerous. Flowers lack hairs; outer bracts are slightly obovate (6 x 5 mm) and
slightly cupped; calyx is obconical (2.7 x 2.3 mm), 5-ridged and smooth; lobes are almost absent; petals are entire (1.4 x
1.4 mm); the style protrudes about 4 mm beyond the petals.
Flowering Period: March

Darwinia sp. Mt Baring is known only from two localities, near Mt Baring and in Kau Rock Nature Reserve. It grows
in white sand in mallee and low shrub communities. Associated species may include Eucalyptus tetraptera,
Phymatocarpus maxwellii, Astartea ambigua and Calothamnus gracilis.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Baring,NW Esp Esp VCL 12.10.83 Rare -

2 Elds Rd Esp Esp NR 29.3.83 - -
Unknown

Unknown

Darwinia sp. Mt Baring is known to occur in the Kau Rock Nature Reserve. Resurvey of known populations and further
survey are required.
References
Newbey (1983).
83
Darwinia sp. Mt Ney (M.A.Burgman & S.McNee 1274) MYRTACEAE
A sprawling or erect shrub, 0.3 to 1.0 m tall and up to 1 m wide. Young branches are cream-coloured. Leaves are
narrow-linear (5-7 mm), thick, ridged on the lower surface. Flowers are large (10 mm across), occur at the ends of
branches, have red bracts and a white or cream style turning reddish.
Flowering Period: April - May, August, October

This taxon is known only from near Mt Ney and to the north-west near Crystal Lake, a distribution of about 40 km. It
usually grows on granite in white to reddish sandy clay or in yellow loamy sand, in open to dense scrub, associated with
Eucalyptus tetragona, Hakea and Calothamnus.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Ney,N Esp Esp VCL 7.5.83 - -

3* Crystal Lake Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 50+ Post-dist.
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

A recent survey extended the known range of this taxon suggesting that it may be more widely distributed than initially
believed. It occurs within the Mt Ney Nature Reserve where it should remain secure. Further survey is required.
84
Dicrastylis archeri Munir CHLOANTHACEAE
An erect, spindly shrub, to 1 m tall. Stems are covered in greyish, short, soft hairs. Leaves are opposite, with alternate
pairs at right angles to one another (decussate), narrow-oblong (10-20 x 1-2 mm), obtuse at the tip, wrinkled and hairless
on the upper surface while the under side is covered with soft, greyish hairs; margins are curved backwards towards the
midrib. Creamy-white flowers are borne in heads (cyme); the terminal flower usually has 4 parts, while the other
flowers in a head are divided into 5 parts. The slender primary stalks (10-25 mm), flower stalks (1-2.5 mm) and corolla
(2.5-3 mm) are all covered in short, soft hairs. The stamens (4 or 5) and deeply 2-branched style are extended beyond
the corolla.
Dicrastylis archeri is closely related to D. linearifolia which has larger flowers (5-6 mm), a golden orange or rusty-
coloured stem and leaves that end abruptly in a sharp point. D. parvifolia is also similar, and can be distinguished by its
leaves which are covered in soft, greyish hairs on both sides, and smaller flowers (2-2.5 mm).
Flowering Period: December

D. archeri is known from only one locality, north-north-east of Mt Heywood. It grows in deep sand, in an open mallee
and Melaleuca shrub community with Banksia media.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 25 Good
Possibly a disturbance opportunist.

Unknown

The only known population is on a track which is rarely used. It may be a disturbance opportunist as no plants were
found in the adjacent undisturbed scrub. Further survey is required.
References
Munir (1991).
85
Dicrastylis capitellata Munir CHLOANTHACEAE
A low shrub, 20-25 cm tall, spreading to about 1 m diameter. Stems are densely covered in greyish, soft downy or
matted hairs. Leaves are opposite, with alternate pairs at right angles to one another, narrow-linear (5-15 x 1-1.5 mm),
somewhat rough and wrinkled on the upper surface with the underside covered in greyish, soft, matted hairs. Usually, 7
flowers are arranged in nearly globular-shaped clusters (5-7 mm diam.) which alternate along the horizontal stems.
Flowers (4-4.5 mm) have a 5-lobed calyx which is covered with short, matted hairs on the outside and is hairless inside;
the corolla is light purplish-blue, tubular below and usually 4-lobed, with matted hairs on the outside and long hairs on
the inside. The stamens (4 or 5) and deeply 2-branched style are extended beyond the corolla.
Dicrastylis capitellata is closely related to D. microphylla which has stems and both sides of the leaves densely covered
with grey, short, matted hairs; flower clusters are very woolly. D. nicholasii is also similar, but can be distinguished by
the distinct stalk (15-25 mm) of the flower cluster; whereas the stalks of D. capitellata are only up to 3 mm long.

D. capitellata is known over a 15 km range, north-east of Mt Heywood. This species grows in well-drained, fine yellow
loamy sand in a low-lying, mallee-shrub community, associated with Eucalyptus conglobata, Eremophila serpens,
Melaleuca sp. and Gahnia sp.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 1.12.90 - -

2 Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 11.12.90 - -
3a* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 500+ Good
3b* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 1 000s Post-fire
* = new population
Twenty-six months after a fire in January 1991, population no. 3b was found flowering and growing prolifically.

Unknown

D. capitellata occurs in a remote area which is not threatened by clearing for agriculture at present. Monitoring of
population no. 3 is required to determine whether this species is a disturbance opportunist. Further survey is required.
References
Munir (1991).
86
Diuris concinna D.L.Jones ORCHIDACEAE
Donkey Orchid
An erect, tuberous herb 20-40 cm tall, which lacks hairs. There are three to five basal, linear leaves (8-13 x 3-4 mm).
The one to five flowers are not crowded, clear bright yellow with red-brown markings on the dorsal sepal and labellum.
The broadly ovate dorsal sepal (8-14 x 5-8.5 mm) projects forwards and embraces the column in the lower half; the
upper margins curve backwards. The lateral sepals (10-17 x 2.5-3.5 mm) are asymmetrically acute, rolled inwards; the
inner third is green and the other two thirds purplish. The petals are widely divergent; the lamina is broadly ovate,
bright yellow, and strongly curved backwards; the reddish-brown claw (3-6 mm) widens just near the apex. The
labellum (10-14 mm) is deeply 3-lobed, yellow with basal red-brown markings; the glandular appendages (calli) of the
labellum consist of two incurved red-brown ridges (5-6 mm). The column (4 x 2.5 mm) projects forwards from the end
of the ovary; the column wings are white.
Diuris concinna is closely related to D. brevifolia, but it can be distinguished from that species by its much broader
petals, dorsal sepal and mid-lobe of the labellum. It may be confused with D. setacea which flowers only after fires and
has spirally twisted leaves, and D. filifolia which has stiffly erect, larger flowers which have a rhomboid mid-lobe on the
labellum and broad, short-curved lateral sepals.
Flowering Period: October

The four known populations of D. concinna occur to the north and north-east of Esperance about 50 km apart. A
disjunct population occurs 200 km to the west in the Fitzgerald River National Park. D. concinna grows in grey-red
laterite, in winter-wet shrubland or heath. Associated species include Eucalyptus tetraptera and Lambertia inermis.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Gibson,N Esp Esp ?Shire Res. 12.10.93 200+ -

2 Gibson Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 12.10.93 20+ -
3 Gibson,S Esp Esp Timber Res. 12.10.93 40+ Post-dist.
4 Fisheries Rd Esp Esp NR 27.10.90 21 Good
14.11.93 Not found -
5 Old Ongerup Rd Alb Rav NP 27.9.88 1 -
Unknown, but regrowth may be stimulated by fire.

87
The population near Fisheries Road (no. 4) supposedly occurs on the disturbed margin of an old gravel pit, and was
flowering 7 months after the area had been burnt (March 1990). Although this is one of the two known populations
occurring in a conservation reserve, a survey in November 1993 failed to relocate this population. According to
A. Brown (personal communication), D. concinna does not require fire to regenerate.
The population in the Helms Arboretum (no. 2), where the original collection of the species was made in 1985, was
cleared in 1988 for arboriculture (Jones 1991). Since then the area has regenerated and D. concinna was again found
there in 1993. It is recommended that the population be clearly demarcated and no tree planting occur on this site.
Monitoring of the population is required.
References
Jones (1991).
88
Dodonaea hexandra F.Muell. SAPINDACEAE
Horned Hop Bush
A spreading shrub to 0.6 m tall, with separate male and female plants. The linear (0.6-1.5 x 0.2 mm), sticky leaves
appear to cluster at the ends of branches. Leaf margins are strongly rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute)
causing a channel on the lower surface of the leaf. Leaf tips are acute. Flowers are usually solitary and are borne on
short stalks. There are 3 persistent, ovate sepals per flower. The fruit capsule is 3-angled, globular or oblong-shaped
(5-7 x 5-8 mm) and splits into segments when dry.
Flowering Period: May - July
Fruiting Period: September - November

Dodonaea hexandra is widespread in the southern mallee regions of South Australia, with extensions into north-west
Victoria. It has also been found in Tasmania. In Western Australia, D. hexandra has rarely been collected, and only
vague locality details are available.
In South Australia, this species grows in sandy loams overlying limestone, in mallee scrub communities dominated by
tree species such as Eucalyptus incrassata, E. porosa, E. socialis and E. anceps.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 ?Mt Ragged Esp Esp ?NP 2.11.1891 - -

2 Hopetoun Alb Rav - - - -
Unknown

Unknown

D. hexandra is poorly known in Western Australia. According to West (1984a), the Gwynne and Helms specimens
could have been collected anywhere between Esperance and Fraser Range. Nationally, this species does not appear to
be endangered, as more than 30 widely dispersed populations are known in South Australia (West 1984a). Further
opportunistic survey is recommended.
References
Jessop and Toelken (1986), West (1984a).
89
Drosera salina N.G.Marchant & Lowrie DROSERACEAE
A small, reddish plant up to 5 cm tall, with a basal rosette of green leaves and an erect flexuose stem with alternate
leaves. The basal leaves have retentive glands around the margins with smaller glands within; the margins fold towards
each other forming a tube-like trap arrangement when covered with sand particles. The leaves on the erect stem are
crescent-shaped with 2 lobes at the angles (2 x 2.5 mm), have retentive glands around the margins and smaller glands
within, and are arranged in a whorl about the stem; stalks are slender (8 mm). The apex of the plant has 1 or 2 white
flowers borne on stalks (10-18 mm). Sepals are green and maroon, dotted with black, and have margins which are
irregularly toothed. Petals (5 x 2 mm) have a truncated apex and margins cut into rounded teeth.
The green basal rosette is generally covered in sand washed with water, with the reddish erect stem exposed to sunlight.
The basal leaves are unusual in that they are folded, possibly facilitating the capture of soil-borne insects.
Flowering Period: July - August. Dormant during dry periods.

Drosera salina grows east of Lake King. It is found on the margins of salt lakes, almost to the water, in salt-free white
sand.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Lake King,E Esp Rav VCL 14.9.84 - -
Unknown


The known population is remote and not immediately threatened. Further survey is required.
References
Lowrie (1987).
90
Drosera sp. Hatter Hill (G.J.Barrett 15.9.89) DROSERACEAE
A pale green rosetted plant which is similar to Drosera bulbosa in habit. Leaves are narrowly obovate with retentive
glands on the upper surface. Numerous leafless flower stalks (longer than 3 cm) are produced from the centre of the
rosette. Flowers are lilac (D. bulbosa has white flowers).
Flowering Period: September (D. bulbosa flowers May - July)

Only one population is known of this Drosera taxon, which grows in an Allocasuarina campestris woodland in the
Hatter Hill area.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Population

1 Hatter Hill Esp Rav ?VCL 16.9.89 - -
Unknown


This taxon requires further survey to determine its conservation status and distribution.
References
Barrett (1989), Lowrie (1987).
91
Eremophila chamaephila Diels MYOPORACEAE
A low, diffusely-branched shrub, 10-20 cm tall and up to 30 cm broad. Leaves are pressed closely to the stem,
cylindrical (terete), 3-5 mm long, curved inwards, slightly succulent and have small wart-like protuberances on the lower
surface. Calyx lobes are conspicuously glandular, warty and hairless. Flowers are violet, with both the ovary and style
lacking hairs.

Eremophila chamaephila occurs in the Scaddan-Salmon Gums area, in light brown, sandy clay loams or sand over clay,
usually adjacent to Eucalyptus woodland. Disjunct populations occur 120 km to the east, near Clyde Hill, where it
grows in white clay loam with limestone. It is most prevalent in disturbed sites.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Salmon Gums Esp Esp - 6.7.87 - -

17.11.92 - Not found
2 Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp - 11.31 - -
17.11.92 - Not found
3 Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 75 Good
4 Truslove Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 7 Good
5 Wiltshire Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. - - -
6* Dowak Esp Esp NR & Western Power 20.11.92 10+ Good
7a Clyde Hill,SE Esp Esp - - - -
7b* Clyde Hill,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Verge 14.11.93 5 Vulnerable
Appears to be a disturbance opportunist and has the ability to resucker from rootstock.

Unknown

Most of the known populations are small.
E. chamaephila occurs in the Dowak Nature Reserve.
References
92
Eremophila compressa Chinnock MYOPORACEAE
An erect, often spindly shrub, 0.8-2.0 m tall. Branches are covered in small warts and are sticky towards the apex.
Leaves are elliptical (8-16 x 2-7 mm) and usually have 1 or 2 small teeth on either side of the apex. The cream-coloured
flowers (6.5-10 mm) are borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. The 4 stamens, ovary and style are hairless, although
the inside of the corolla tube is bearded on the middle lower lip and the tube below it. The tube may be spotted or
yellow-brown spotted on the inside. The fruit is dry, hairless, shaped like two narrow cylinders pressed together and
slightly covered with small, wart-like projections.
Eremophila compressa is allied to E. saligna, but the former species can be recognised by its warty branches, 2 or 3
teeth near the apex (E. saligna has numerous teeth along the leaf margins), and its bicylindrical fruit.
Flowering Period: October - December, March (probably most of the year or after rains)

E. compressa is distributed over an area of about 70 km, from near Grass Patch to the north of Salmon Gums and east to
near Dingo Rock. It is usually found on disturbed brown clay loams adjacent to roads or along the railway line, or in
loam over limestone. It may occur in undisturbed Eucalyptus woodland or amongst mallee and scrub.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 30+ Good

2a Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 15 Good
2b Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 10+ Good
& ?VCL
2c Gimlet Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 10+ Good
& ?VCL
3 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 18.11.92 Not found Mown
4 Starcevich Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.10.79 <20 -
5 Salmon Gums Esp Esp - - - -
6 Dingo Rock,SW Esp Esp VCL 20.10.90 Common Good
Appears to be a disturbance opportunist. Its response to fire is not known.


R. Chinnock (unpublished data) indicates that E. compressa is insect pollinated. Further survey and research on the
reproductive biology of this species is required.
E. compressa usually occurs in small, localised patches, with no known populations in conservation reserves. The
suitability of uncleared land on the corner of Gimlet Road and Salmon Gums West Road for the purpose of a
conservation reserve should be investigated.
References
Chinnock (1985).
93
Eremophila oblonga Chinnock ms MYOPORACEAE
A low, domed-shaped shrub, rarely more than 20 cm tall, but commonly up to 50 cm across. Branches have small warts
scattered along them. Leaves are small (2-5 x 1 mm), thick and oblong-shaped. Flower buds are brownish-black and
develop into mauve to dark purple flowers (23 mm long). The calyx is smooth on the outer surface and shortly-hairy
inside.
Eremophila oblonga ms is closely related to E. weldii which has longer leaves (4-10 mm).
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1

E. oblonga ms occurs east of the Fraser Range towards Caiguna and south to near Mt Coobaninya, with a known range
of 150 km. It grows in light brown clay loam over shallow limestone in open woodland. Associated plants include
Olearia muelleri, Westringia rigida and various Melaleuca, Eucalyptus and Atriplex species.
Known Populations

1a Balladonia,S Esp Dund VCL - - -

1b Balladonia,S Esp Dund VCL - - -
2 Balladonia,S Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 16.11.93 20+ Good
3 Balladonia,E Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. - - -
4a Newman Rock,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. - - -
4b Newman Rock,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 50+ Good
5* Parmango Rd Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 50 Good
6* Parmango Rd Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 350+ Good
7a* Ponier Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 10 Good
7b* Ponier Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 20 Good
8a* Coragina Rock Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 10 Good
8b* Coragina Rock,N Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 500+ Good
9* Coragina Rock,N Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 1 000+ Good
10a Balladonia Rd Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 50+ Good
10b* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 1 000+ Good
10c* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 100+ Good
10d* Balladonia Rd Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 16.11.93 50+ Good
11* Balladonia Rd Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 16.11.93 150+ Good
12* Balladonia Rd Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 16.11.93 20+ Good
13* Balladonia,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 16.11.93 500+ Good
15* Balladonia,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 16.11.93 10 Good
* = new population
Unknown
94
Unknown

Recent surveys have found E. oblonga ms to be widespread and common in the Balladonia area. Its known distribution
suggests that it would occur within the Dundas Nature Reserve.
95
Eriostemon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 1535) RUTACEAE
A shrub, 30 cm tall. Leaves are almost globular.

This taxon is closely related to Eriostemon gardneri.
Flowering Period: June - September

This taxa is known from only three populations which are distributed over a 50 km area, in the vicinity of Pyramid Lake
(north-west of Cascade). It grows in white or brown sand over reddish sandy clay in mallee heath.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Coujinup Hill,ENE Esp Rav VCL 6.1983 - -

2 Pyramid Lake Esp Esp VCL 8.1983 - -
3 Pyramid Lake,SW Esp Rav VCL 9.1983 - -
Unknown

Unknown

The known populations occur in a remote area which is not immediately threatened by clearing for agriculture.
Burgman (1985b) indicates that this taxon probably does not deserve specific status, but rather subspecies would be
appropriate. The taxonomic status of these collections needs to be determined. Further surveys are required.
Note - at the time of writing this report the Western Australian Herbarium specimens were on loan and not available for
inspection.
References
Burgman (1985b).
96
Eucalyptus burgmaniana L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill ms MYRTACEAE
A mallee, 5 m tall. The smooth whitish and brownish bark sheds in ribbons. Leaves are dull bluish.

This species is known from only two, closely occurring localities, north-west of Clyde Rock. It occurs in pale grey
slightly sandy loam in an open woodland, associated with numerous Eucalyptus species.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Clyde Rock,NW Esp Esp VCL 6.11.86 Frequent Good
Unknown

Unknown

E. burgmaniana ms lies on the northern boundary of the originally proposed 'Mt Beaumont Stage 2 - Land Release Area'
(Burgman 1985b). It could be threatened if this land was to be released for agriculture in the future. A survey in May
1993 failed to relocate this species, which is difficult to find due to the abundance of Eucalyptus species at this locality
(L. Johnson, personal communication). Further survey is required to determine its range and abundance.
References
Burgman (1985b).
97
Eucalyptus delicata L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill ms MYRTACEAE
A tree to 8 m tall, with rough bark to 3 m. Adult leaves are stalked, narrow-lanceolate (60-95 x 4-8 mm), light green
and glossy with dense venation and numerous oil glands. Inflorescences are unbranched and borne in leaf axils on
peduncles (stalks) which are cylindrical (terete) to flattened (6-10 mm). There are 7 or more flowers in each
inflorescence. Buds are stalked, ovoid to spindle-shaped with conical bud caps.
This species is reminiscent of Eucalyptus salmonophloia with its delicate buds and fruits, but differs in its rough bark,
narrower leaves and conical bud caps; E. delicata ms is a member of the series Oleosae.
Flowering Period: March, August

E. delicata ms has a range of over 300 km from west of Southern Cross to east of Norseman and southwards to near
Peak Eleanora. It grows in grey-white clay loam, sandy loam or red soil in woodland, associated with other eucalypts
including E. flocktoniae, E. valens, E. ovularis, E. longicornis and E. salubris.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 20+ Good

1b* Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 50+ Good
2 Peak Eleanora,NW Esp Esp NP 8.11.86 Frequent -
3 Peak Charles,NE Esp Esp VCL - Frequent -
4* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 100+ Good
& ?Private
5 Norseman,E Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 50+ Good
& NR
6 Bodallin,E Mer Yil - 7.4.83 - -
7 Hyden,E Nar Kon - 24.8.88 - -
Unknown

Unknown

According to L. Johnson (personal communication), E. delicata ms is not particularly rare, with the species being more
widespread than initially believed. It occurs in the Peak Charles National Park. Further survey is required.
98
Eucalyptus jimberlanica L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill MYRTACEAE
A tree or mallee which grows to 10 m tall. The glossy, dark green-brown or bronze bark is smooth throughout. Leaves
are glossy green, lanceolate (45-90 x 5-18 mm) with stalks up to 13 mm long. Large oil glands are moderately or
sparsely distributed through the leaves. The 7-flowered inflorescences are borne in axils of the leaves on thick, flattened
stalks (peduncles, 2-9 x 4 mm). Flower stalks (pedicels, 1-2 mm) are angular. Buds are ovoid to globular (7-10 x 6-8
mm) with a hemispherical bud cap. The cup-shaped fruits (7-10 x 6-8 mm) are almost sessile (i.e. without stalks), have
4 locules and are often 2-winged; the disc is slightly raised or flat with the 4 broadly triangular valves exerted at their
apex.
Eucalyptus jimberlanica is related to E. terebra, E. tortilis and E. creta, from which it can be distinguished by its
slightly smaller buds and fruits, and its hemispherical rather than acute bud cap which occurs in the latter 3 species.

E. jimberlanica is known only from a single, small population near Norseman. It grows in red-brown loam on a basic or
ultrabasic outcrop.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Population

1 Jimberlana Hill Esp Dund Unvested Res. 13.11.87 - Good
Unknown

Unknown

E. jimberlanica appears extremely restricted in distribution. Jimberlana Hill has been recommended as a nature reserve,
however the proposal has been opposed by the Department of Minerals and Energy. Further survey is urgently required.
References
Johnson and Hill (1991).
99
Eucalyptus varia subsp. salsuginosa Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE
A sprawling mallee, 2-4 m tall, with smooth, grey-brown bark and a 'sock' of rough bark for 0.5-1.5 m at the base.
Leaves are alternate, lanceolate (to 80 x 13 mm), dull light bluish-green initially, turning glossy dark green when older.
Inflorescences are held on long stalks (peduncles, to 12 mm) and are up to 11-flowered; buds (25 x 4 mm) are borne on
stalks and have a recurved tip. Fruits are barrel-shaped (to 10 x 6 mm). The light grey-brown seed is more or less
spherical.
The thick, rough, basal bark and saline habitat distinguish this taxon from all other taxa in the Eucalyptus 'redunca'
group. E. varia subsp. salsuginosa can be distinguished from subsp. varia by having a straggly habit and lower stature
(less than 4 m).

E. varia subsp. salsuginosa is known from a few localities, less than 40 km apart, north and north-west of Esperance,
particularly on tributaries of the Dalyup River. It grows along salt drainage lines or on seasonally wet flats, often
associated with E. uncinata, E. conglobata, E. leptocalyx, E. micranthera or E. kessellii.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Speddingup West Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 7.2.89 - -

2 Speddingup West Rd Esp Esp ?AR 7.2.89 - -
3 Moonanup Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 7.2.89 - -
Unknown

Unknown

E. varia subsp. salsuginosa is poorly known and requires further survey. The saline habitat occupied by this taxon is
rarely cleared for agriculture (Brooker and Hopper 1991).
References
Brooker and Hopper (1991).
100
Eucalyptus sp. B Ravensthorpe (K.R.Newbey 9715) MYRTACEAE
A spreading, moderately-dense tree, 4 m tall, dividing just above ground level into 3 or 4 branches. Bark is smooth,
light brown, shedding dark, medium grey; new growth is dark reddish-brown. The alternate leaves are elliptical (45-90
x 13-18 mm) and bright, darkish green. Leaf stalks are 15-20 mm long. Single clusters of 4-6 flowers are borne in the
leaf axils on long, thick, strap-like, pendulous stalks (peduncles, 25-38 x 4 mm). Stalks (pedicels) of individual flowers
are 6-7 mm long. Buds have a cylindrical calyx (7-8 x 5 mm) with a cupped base and 2 ridges, one on each side
continuous with the stalk; the bud cap is horn-shaped. Fruits are dull, dark, reddish-brown and shaped like an elongated
cup (12-13 x 11 mm) with a small ridge on either side and a rim extending 1 mm; the 4 valves are not exserted.
This taxon is closely related to Eucalyptus dielsii, but has longer buds and a narrower rim on the fruit. It may be a
hybrid between E. dielsii and E. platypus or E. eremophila.

This taxon occurs about 45 km west of Cascade, with the two known populations occurring within 1.5 km of each other.
It grows on well-drained clayey loam and is rare in E. dielsii low woodland, associated with E. platypus, E. eremophila
and E. transcontinentalis.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a West Point Rd Esp Rav ?VCL 22.2.83 <5 -

1b West Point Rd Esp Rav ?VCL - - -
Unknown

Unknown

Research is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. The rarity of its occurrence, and the proximity of
species with which it shares a number of characteristics, suggests that it may be a hybrid.
References
Newbey (1983).
101
Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532) PAPILIONACEAE
A small cushion or dome-shaped shrub, 2-4 cm tall and 12-35 cm wide. Branches are spinescent. Leaves are spirally
arranged and covered in a white powdery 'bloom' that comes off when rubbed (glaucous). The calyx is not
conspicuously veined or ribbed.
Flowering Period: November

This taxon is known from two areas, Hatter Hill and south of Peak Eleanora, about 110 km apart. Near Hatter Hill it
grows in clayey sand in a Eucalyptus woodland on a gentle undulating plain.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Hatter Hill Esp Rav ?VCL 13.11.79 Frequent -

2 Hatter Hill,SSE Esp Rav ?VCL - Common -
3 Fields Rd Esp Esp ?VCL & 9.84 - -
?Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 Not found -
Unknown

Unknown

Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill is currently undergoing taxonomic review (T. Macfarlane, personal communication). It is not
known to occur in any conservation reserve and appears to be rare.
In September 1992, E. sp. Hatter Hill was searched for at the collection site south of Peak Eleanora (pop. no. 3) but was
not found. The narrow, western road reserve was very disturbed and Vacant Crown Land on the east side of the road
has been cleared for a small dam. Further intensive survey of the area is recommended to determine whether this
population still exists.
The Hatter Hill area was surveyed in October 1992, without this taxon being located; specific localities for these
populations were unknown. Further survey is required.
References
Burgman (1985b).
102
Gonocarpus pycnostachyus (F.Muell.) Orchard HALORAGACEAE
An erect herb, to 25 cm tall, with 4-30 red to green hairy stems branched at the base and arising in a rosette from the
crown of a taproot. Leaves are oval-shaped, very variable in size (8-18 x 4-8 mm), softly-hairy, and have minute teeth
along the margin; the margin is white and thickened. Lower leaves are opposite, soon becoming alternate. Clusters of
flowers (indeterminate spike) are borne in alternate bracts. Flowers are 4-merous on minute stalks (0.5 mm). The 4
green sepals have hairs along the margins, but are otherwise hairless. Petals are deep red to green (2 mm), hooded, and
have shaggy hairs near the 2 front-united petals. There are 8 stamens with yellow (abortive) to deep red, linear-oblong
anthers. Fruits are pear-shaped (1.0-1.2 x 0.9 mm), contracting into an 8-ribbed neck in the upper half; the lower half
has 2 transverse rows of prominent warts and is covered with minute, stiff hairs. The wall of the ripened fruit is
membranous; there is 1 seed per fruit.
This species is similar to Gonocarpus confertifolius and G. nodulosus, sharing the pear-shaped fruit and hairy foliage. It
is distinguished from G. confertifolius by its longer leaves and shorter, broader calyx lobes, and from G. nodulosus by
its leaf arrangement and size, and flowers with 8 stamens.

G. pycnostachyus was first collected in 1885 near Israelite Bay. It was recently rediscovered near Mt Heywood and Mt
Merivale. This taxon appears to be a pioneer species, annual or at most a short-lived perennial, appearing after fire.
Near Mt Heywood, before fire, the vegetation was dominated by dense shrubby Proteaceae growing on deep sand.
North-east of Mt Merivale, it grows on shallow sand or clay loams around a rock depression, in an area which was
recently burnt (Orchard 1993).
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 1885 -

2 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 26.12.91 Abundant Post-fire
3 Mt Heywood,ENE Esp Esp VCL 1.1.92 Very common Post-fire
4 Mt Merivale,NE Esp Esp - 17.4.92 - -
G. pycnostachyus is a disturbance opportunist, being rediscovered by W.R. Archer in December 1991, regenerating in
large numbers after a fire (early 1991) to the north-east of Mt Heywood. Subsequently, another population was found
near Mt Merivale on recently burned ground (Orchard 1993).

Unknown

Monitoring of the known populations of G. pycnostachyus to determine its reproductive biology. Further survey
(especially after fire), particularly near Israelite Bay to confirm its occurrence in the Nature Reserve.
References
Orchard (1975, 1990, 1993).
103
Gonocarpus simplex (R.Br. ex Britten) Orchard HALORAGACEAE
An inconspicuous, erect, perennial herb, to 40 cm tall, with almost leafless stems. Stems are smooth, narrow, flexible
and round. The alternate, triangular, red bracts (1.7 mm) and linear bracteoles (1 mm) are deciduous. Flowers are 4-
merous with male or bisexual flowers apparently on different plants. The bisexual flowers lack stalks, have triangular
sepals (0.4 mm), greenish, long-clawed petals (1.7 mm), 8 stamens, and an 8-ribbed, shiny ovary. Males are similar,
except they are borne on stalks (2 mm) and have a rudimentary ovary. The fruit is narrowly cylindrical (2 mm), 8-
ribbed, hairless and green.
Flowering Period: October - December

Gonocarpus simplex grows in swamps in the south-west and along the south coast of Western Australia. In the
Esperance District it occurs in swamps in the Cape Le Grand National Park and nearby areas. It prefers grey peaty sand
to sandy clays in association with species of Restionaceae and Cyperaceae.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Cape Le Grand Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.12.74 Frequent -

1b Cape Le Grand Rd Esp Esp Private 18.11.79 - -
1c Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 12.12.92 Abundant Good
2 Walpole Point Wal Manj - 12.12.90 - -
3 Northcliffe,E Wal Manj - 11.12.87 - -
4 Bow River Wal Dnmk - 12.12 - -
5 Yelverton forest Bsltn Bsltn - 8.11.89 Rare -
Unknown

Unknown

Further survey of this inconspicuous species is required. It is possibly quite common in swampy areas of the Cape Le
Grand National Park.
References
Orchard (1990).
104
Gratiola pedunculata R.Br. SCROPHULARIACEAE
Stalked Brooklime, Heartsease
A perennial herb, 13-50 cm tall, which is erect or often creeps along the ground rooting at the base. Branches are
densely covered with glandular hairs. Leaves are opposite, linear-ovate (10-30 x 3-10 mm), finely toothed, 3-veined at
the base and clasp the stem. Glands form small, golden globules on the leaves, bracteoles and sepals. Cream-white
flowers are borne singly or rarely in pairs in leaf axils on long stalks (8-26 mm); the corolla is at least as long as the
calyx and has short and broad lips, the upper one being very shortly 2-lobed. Seed is small (0.5 mm long), dark-brown,
with prominent thin longitudinal ridges and transverse ridges between.
The specimen collected in Cape Arid National Park has pink flowers which is atypical.
Flowering Period: October - November, ?January - May

Gratiola pedunculata occurs in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. In Western Australia, it
was collected by Drummond in 1848, and in 1989 this species or a closely related taxon was collected in Cape Arid
National Park. It grows in moist soil on the banks of rivers and lagoons, or margins of rock pools.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Swan River Colony - - - 1848 ?Extinct -

2 Pine Hill Esp Esp NP 28.10.89 - -
Unknown

Unknown

The impact of feral donkeys, cattle and rabbits which visit the water bodies around which G. pedunculata is likely to
grow is unknown. Further survey is required.
G. pedunculata occurs within the Cape Arid National Park.
References
Barker (1986), Bentham (1869).
105
Grevillea phillipsiana McGill. PROTEACEAE
An attractive shrub, 1-1.5 m tall and 1-2 m wide, with hairy branchlets. Leaves are linear (35 x 1 mm) with conspicuous
parallel veins, have a stiff sharp point at the tip and are often in crowded clusters at the end of small branches. Flower
heads, usually about 10-flowered, are clustered at the ends of branches. Flowers are red or light yellow, silky-hairy on
the exterior, have a hairy ovary and a red style (22 mm) which is hairy at the base; the pollen presenter is very oblique
and oblong-shaped.
Grevillea phillipsiana is related to G. deflexa and G. lavandulacea from which it differs in having narrow linear leaves
with parallel veins and a hairless style with silky hairs at its base.
Flowering Period: June - November

G. phillipsiana occurs near Norseman and in an area about 170 km to the north-east. It grows on moist red sand, near
granite outcrops. Associated genera may include Eucalyptus, Acacia and Allocasuarina, with Triodia scariosa.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Norseman,N Esp Dund VCL 18.11.93 500+ Good

1b Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 19.7.79 1 Disturbed
2a Sinclair Soak,SE Esp Dund - 5.8.80 Frequent -
2b Sinclair Soak,SE Esp Dund - 9.8.80 - -
3 Woodline Hills Esp Dund - 12.9.70 1 -
4 Norite Dyke Esp Dund - 9.65 - -
5 Cardunia Rocks Gold Bldr ?Pastoral Lease 16.9.78 Occasional -
6 Zanthus-Cocklebiddy ?Esp ?Dund - 10.64 - -
Unknown

Unknown

The area where it is known to grow, i.e. between the Eyre Highway and the Trans Australian Railway, is relatively
remote and has been poorly surveyed. This species may extend to over 300 km east or north-east of Norseman, as one
specimen has been collected "between Zanthus and Cocklebiddy". Further survey is required.
References
Elliot and Jones (1986).
106
Gyrostemon ditrigynus A.S.George GYROSTEMONACEAE
An erect shrub, 80-120 cm tall and 30-60 cm wide, which divides into 3-4 branches near ground level. Young branches
are sticky. Leaves are alternate, linear (3-5 x 0.2 mm), without stalks, smooth and have a hooked apex. At the base of
each leaf are 2 tiny, triangular-shaped stipules. Female and male flowers are on separate bushes; small (<1 mm), single
flowers are borne on short (<1 mm) stalks in leaf axils. Female flowers are light green and sticky; the ovary has 2 or 3
cells. Male flowers are similar to female flowers, but have a single whorl of 7-10 stamens. Fruits are 3 mm long.

Gyrostemon ditrigynus is distributed between Kulin and Dingo Rock, a distance of about 350 km. It is a coloniser after
fire and soil disturbance, growing in well-drained sandy loam in mixed open shrub mallee, associated with Eucalyptus
cylindriflora, E. eremophila, E. forrestiana and E. transcontinentalis.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Ridley,NE Esp Esp VCL 14.11.80 Very common Post-fire

2 Mt Ridley,NE Esp Esp VCL 5.5.81 Common Post-fire
3 Dingo Rock,E Esp Esp VCL 8.83 - Post-clearing
4 Ninety Mile Tank Esp Dund VCL 17.10.74 - -
5 Kulin,E Nar Kulin ?Rd Res. 29.9.72 - -
6* Ninety Mile Tank,E Esp Esp VCL 17.9.93 1 000s Post-fire
7* Clyde Hill,NE Esp Esp VCL 15.11.93 5+ Post-dist.
8* Clyde Hill,NE Esp Esp VCL 15.11.93 20 Post-dist.
* = new population
G. ditrigynus is a disturbance opportunist. After fire it will rapidly recolonise an area, regenerating from seed. More
than two years after a hot fire (January 1991) east of Ninety Mile Tank, thousands of flowering plants were found.
North-east of Clyde Hill plants were located in one area that had been chained (but not burnt) as a fire break and in
another area where soil had been ripped; it was not found in nearby undisturbed woodland.

Unknown

In May 1993, a survey north-east of Mt Ridley failed to relocate either population nos. 1 or 2. Monitoring of post-fire
populations is required to determine the longevity of G. ditrigynus. Further opportunistic survey is required.
References
George (1982), Newbey (1983).
107
Halgania tomentosa (Helms) Ewart & Jean White BORAGINACEAE
A woody herb, 15-30 cm tall, with wiry stems covered in short, white, felt-like hairs. Leaves are thick, flat, oval-shaped
(6-10 mm long), alternate and covered in similar hairs to the stem. Flowers are usually solitary at the end of stems, with
5 broad blue petals which are free almost to the base. Calyx lobes are linear and covered with short, brown glandular
hairs.
Halgania tomentosa is similar to H. integerrima, however the latter has linear or oblong leaves which are very sparsely
hairy, and stems which may become hairless with age. The distribution of the two species does not appear to overlap.

Halgania tomentosa is distributed from near Tammin to east of Ninety Mile Tank, a distance of approximately 300 km.
There is an additional disjunct population occurring near Newman in the Pilbara. It grows in yellow-brown sand or
sandy loam with or without lateritic gravel in scrub or open heath communities and may be associated with Eucalyptus,
Allocasuarina, Dryandra or Verticordia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Hatter Hill Esp Rav - 11.29 - -

1b* Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 5 Good
2 Lake King,E Esp Rav ?VCL & NP 20.10.64 - -
3 Ninety Mile Tank,E Esp Esp VCL 10.10.66 - -
4 Lake Cronin,E Esp Dund VCL 17.10.84 Occasional -
5 Moorine Rock Mer Yil - 9.11.62 - -
6 Bodallin Mer Yil MRWA Rd Res. 15.10.90 15 Healthy
7 Nulla Nulla Mer Yil MRWA Rd Res. 15.10.90 20 Healthy
8 Chiddarcooping Mer West NR & Rd Res. 8.11.90 15+ Healthy
9 Tammin Mer Tam - 18.10.67 - -
10 Boorabbin Gold Cool NP 17.10.85 - -
11 Newman,N Pilb - - 16.10.66 - -
* = new sub-population
May be a disturbance opportunist.

108
H. tomentosa appears to be widespread, but never abundant. In the Merredin District, H. tomentosa was collected from
graded road verges, and near Hatter Hill it occurred quite close to the track, scattered over a distance of more than 4 km.
Further survey is required in tracts of vegetation adjacent to recorded occurrences for additional plants. Its taxonomic
position relative to H. integerrima requires clarification.
H. tomentosa occurs in two conservation reserves.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1981), Ewart and White (1910), Mollemans et al. (1993).
109
Haloragis sp. Ravensthorpe (K.R.Newbey 8269) HALORAGACEAE
An upright-spreading shrub, 20-25 cm tall and 40-55 cm broad, which divides near ground level into 4-6 spreading
branches. The bark is reddish with fine ridges. The stems, leaves and calyx are all densely covered with short, stiff
hairs giving a rough texture to the foliage. Leaves are bright green, without stalks, alternate, narrow-elliptical (12-20 x
1.5-2.5 mm), roughly-hairy and have a small sharp tip; smaller leaves are entire while larger ones have 2 or 4 small teeth
towards the acute apex. Flowers are borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils, and form leafy flowering spikes on the last 8-
12 cm of branches. The bright, light green calyx has 3-4 inflated locules with 3-4 triangular-shaped hairless sepals.
Petals are hooded and pale brown. Fruits are inflated and woody (2 x 1.5 mm).
This taxon has affinity with Haloragis digyna, but differs by being more foliose, more floriferous, and flowering in
autumn rather than November-December. H. digyna appears to be restricted to near coastal areas in Western Australia
and South Australia, whereas this species occurs inland.
Flowering Period: March - April

H. sp. Ravensthorpe occurs on well-drained, shallow sandy loams on a gentle undulating plain. It is common (in
patches) in Eucalyptus transcontinentalis mallee, in an area burnt two years previously.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Coujinup Hill Esp Rav VCL 29.4.81 Frequent -
Probably regenerates well after fire.


The known population is in a remote locality with difficult access. Further survey is required.
References
Newbey (1983).
110
Hydatella australis Diels HYDATELLACEAE
A small, tufted, annual aquatic herb, which has several lax, cylindrical leaves (to 25 mm) arising from the base of the
plant. Separate male and female capitula are present on the same plant. The flower heads are borne on stalks (3-5 mm)
and are composed of 2 (rarely 4) sheathing lanceolate bracts. Male heads have 4-8 flowers with purple stamens exerted
beyond the bracts. Female heads are more numerous and have 8-14 flowers, each with 4-10 stigmatic hairs. The pale
brown fruit is ovoid (0.5 mm), wrinkled, with 2 or 3 obscure veins.
Hydatella australis (South Coast) and H. leptogyne (Perth) may be geographical extremes of one taxonomic entity
(Cooke 1987), although G. Keighery (personal communication) believes they are distinct taxa.

H. australis was collected by Diels from the Hamersley River in 1901, and more recently it has been collected from
granite rock pools near Cape Arid. It grows in silt or mud in shallow pools and seasonal swamps.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Hamersley River Alb Esp NP 1901 - -

2 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 2.11.89 - -
Unknown


H. australis is a minute aquatic plant which is very poorly known and poorly collected. Little is known of the range and
environmental requirements of this species. Further survey is required.
H. australis is known in the Cape Arid National Park.
References
Cooke (1987), Diels and Pritzel (1905).
111
Hydrocotyle hispidula Bunge APIACEAE
A slender, annual herb, 3-15 cm tall. Leaves are few and small along robust stems, rather deeply divided into 5 broad
lobes which are also toothed or lobed, and have short, stiff hairs on both sides. The stipules are fringed or jagged.
Flowers are white and exceedingly small, with 6 to 12 in a head. Fruits are broader than long and formed of two similar
fruitlets. Two clearly defined intermediate and two dorsal ribs are visible from each side of the fruits. As well, fruits are
hairless and have a granular-warty surface.

Hydrocotyle hispidula is widely distributed through the south-west of the State, from Perth to near Esperance, and on
Middle Island in the Recherche Archipelago. It grows in sandy soil on limestone ledges, along creeklines, and near the
base of a granite outcrop.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Middle Is.,SE Esp Esp NR 11.11.74 Common -

1b Middle Is.,NE Esp Esp NR 15.11.73 - -
2 Mt Ridley Esp Esp VCL 1.11.75 - -
3 Mosman Park Perth Metro - 9.02 - -
4 Garden Is. Perth Metro Reserve 20.10.78 - -
5 Pinjarra,S Dwel Mur - 4.10.62 - -
6 Mt Chudalup Wal Manj - 12.11.86 - -
Unknown

Unknown

H. hispidula is an inconspicuous annual which has been poorly collected and is possibly rare. It should remain secure
on Middle Island. Further survey is required.
References
112
Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove (M.A.Burgman 4419) APIACEAE
An inconspicuous herb, less than 5 cm tall. Flowers are in simple clusters (umbels). Stipules at the base of the leaves
are thin and dry. Leaves are flat and divided into segments.

Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove is distributed over at least 60 km, between Salmon Gums and Scaddan, where it is very
common around salt lakes and winter-wet flats.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Truslove Esp Esp NR 11.9.88 1 000s -

2a Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR }
2b Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 11.9.88 } 1 000s -
2c Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR }
3 Grass Patch,E Esp Esp NR 11.9.88 1 000s -
4 Grass Patch,SE Esp Esp NR 11.9.88 1 000s -
5 Styles Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.88 - -
6 Scaddan East Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.88 - -
7 Swan Lagoon Rd Esp Esp ?VCL 11.9.88 - -
Unknown

Unknown

Burgman (1985b) considered the status of this taxon to be uncertain. The specimen he collected was flowering which
makes taxonomic verification difficult as species of Hydrocotyle are usually characterised by their fruits. Surveys by
Wilson (personal communication) located millions of plants she considered to be the same taxon, in a relatively
restricted area (about 60 km). She recorded it as being very common in four Nature Reserves.
References
Burgman (1985b).
113
Leucopogon blepharolepis F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect shrub which grows up to 1.2 m tall. Leaves are densely arranged on short branches and are light, bluish-green
on both sides, oblong-elliptic (8-10 x 2 mm), more or less sessile, have a short, sharp tip and margins that are
translucent. Flowers are small, have a white corolla (4 mm) and minute, yellow sepals (1 mm) and are borne in several-
flowered inflorescences which are hidden amongst the leaves in the leaf axils. Fruits have a flat top.

Leucopogon blepharolepis is widely distributed along the southern region of Western Australia, from near Cranbrook to
"towards the Great (Australian) Bight", a distance of over 500 km. It grows in sandy soil in woodland, scrub or scrub-
heath. Associated genera include Banksia, Lysinema, Monotoca, Leucopogon and myrtaceous species.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Fanny Cove Esp Esp NP 21.4.67 Abundant -

2* Skippy Rock,N Esp Esp NP 9.9.93 1 000s Good
3 Great Aust. Bight Esp ?Esp NR 1800s - -
4 Mt Maxwell Alb Jer ?NP 2.8.86 Occasional -
5 Geekabee Hill Kat Cbk - 4.8.86 Frequent -
6 Mundaring Mdg Mdg State Forest 4.2.89 Occasional -
* = new population
Probably a disturbance opportunist.


Despite the widespread distribution of L. blepharolepis, it remains poorly known. The population on the east side of
Stokes Inlet (pop. no. 1) was burnt in January 1993; monitoring is required to determine the reproductive biology of this
species following fire. The population (no. 2) in the western sector of Stokes National Park was largely burnt in 1982;
13 years later it was abundant in the dense heath regrowth.
Research is required to determine the response of L. blepharolepis to Phytophthora spp. and other plant pathogens.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1981), Mueller (1867).
114
Leucopogon florulentus Benth. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect shrub, 40-50 cm tall with a robust, woody base. Branches are numerous and young branches are reddish.
Leaves are thick, flat, sometimes slightly fringed with hairs, ovate to oblong, about 2 mm long, shortly stalked and have
a concave apex with effectively no tip. Inflorescences are terminal (spike), many-flowered, short and compact. Flowers
are white and without stalks. The ovary is 2-celled and the style short.
Flowering Period: November - February

Leucopogon florulentus is known only from a single collection (the type which is held at Kew, England) from an
unknown locality between Perth and King George Sound.
An undescribed taxon which has close affinity to L. florulentus (J. Powell, personal communication) is very common in
heath communities east of Esperance.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Perth-Albany - - - 1800s - -
Unknown


Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in Western Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribed
species and sorting of the Western Australian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered in
searching for the poorly known Leucopogon species.
Further survey of L. florulentus is required, although it is not likely to occur in the Esperance District.
References
Bentham (1869), Blackall and Grieve (1981).
115
Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill (K.R.Newbey 9831) EPACRIDACEAE
An upright-spreading, mid-dense shrub, 30-35 cm tall x 20-25 cm broad, which divides into 4-5 branches just above
ground level.
Old wood is rough, dark grey and black, while newer wood is densely covered in short, stiff hairs. The alternate leaves
are crowded and held close to the branchlets. Leaves are bright green, narrow-obovate (5-7 x 1.5 mm), have a
distinctive long, spiny tip (to 2 mm), margins with short, fine hairs, and an under surface which is conspicuously nerved.
Inflorescences are 2-4 flowered, without stalks and occur in the axils at the ends of most branches. The 2 bracteoles,
bracts and outer surface of the white corolla tube are hairy. The bracts are acuminate with long points. The corolla tube
(4.5 mm) has a bearded inner surface; corolla lobes have a long point at the tip. Sepals are white with light mauve, long-
pointed tips.
Flowering Period: May - June

Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill is known from south-east of Peak Eleanora and over 160 km to the east near Bonnie Hill.
It grows on flat or undulating plain in well-drained sandy loams, in open mallee and low heath. Associated species
include E. leptocalyx, E. tetragona, E. uncinata, E. incrassata, Banksia media, Grevillea pectinata, Astartea ambigua
and Gahnia ancistrophylla.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Bonnie Hill Esp Esp VCL 10.5.82 - -

2 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.9.93 2 000+ Healthy
3 The Cups,N Esp Esp VCL 24.6.83 - -
Unknown


L. sp. Bonnie Hill probably represents a new species. The population on Fields Road (no. 2) would be threatened if
more land was released for agriculture. Further action is required on the proposed vesting of Crown Land adjacent to
the Lort River and Fields Road for the purpose of a conservation reserve (CALM 1991, Leighton and Watson 1992).
Further survey is required. Research is required to determine the response of this taxon to fire and to dieback
(Phytophthora spp.).
References
Burgman (1985b), CALM (1991), Leighton and Watson (1992), Newbey (1983).
116
Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill (M.A.Burgman 1207) EPACRIDACEAE
An openly-branching or dense prickly shrub, 80 cm tall to 70 cm wide. Leaves are held erect or horizontal, concave,
ovate-elliptic (10-13 x 2 mm), stalked, and taper to a rigid, sharp point. On the lower side of the leaf there are 3 parallel
central veins and other veins branching towards the margin. The white flowers are erect with 2 or 3 borne together on
short stalks in the axils of leaves; the corolla-tube is longer than the hairless sepals which end abruptly in a short point;
bracteoles are keeled. The green fruits are globular (3.5 mm).
Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill is closely related to L. breviflorus which has obtuse sepals and bracteoles.

L. sp. Clyde Hill is known only from north-west of Clyde Hill and Peak Eleanora, over 250 km to the west. It occurs on
the margins of granite outcrops in sandy loam. Associated genera include Allocasuarina and Leptospermum.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 19.5.93 1+ Good

2* Peak Eleanora Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 4+ Good
* = new population
Unknown


L. sp. Clyde Hill is poorly known and probably represents a new species. Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in
Western Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribed species and sorting of the Western
Australian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered in searching for the poorly known
Leucopogon species.
References
Burgman (1985b).
117
Leucopogon sp. Condingup (M.A.Burgman 1377) EPACRIDACEAE
A shrub, 10-40 cm tall and 10-30 cm wide. Leaves are broader towards the tip than the base (obovate, 4-5 x 1 mm),
concave, yellowish-green on both sides with fine, divergent nerves on the under side, and have an obtuse tip. Flowers
are pendulous with 1- or 2-flowered inflorescences borne on long stalks (2.5-3.5 mm). The calyx (2 mm) is pale green
and has concave sepals with acute tips; the corolla (3-4 mm) has a distinctive dark grey-black hue; the ovary is black.
Flowering Period: April - June

Leucopogon sp. Condingup is known from north-east of Condingup to Sheoaks Hill in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve, a
range of about 90 km. It grows white or grey sand in low open mallee and low heath, associated with Eucalyptus
angulosa, Dryandra quercifolia, Banksia pulchella and B. petiolaris.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Condingup,NE Esp Esp ?NR 20.6.83 - -

?2 ?Clyde Hill,SSE Esp Esp - 3.5.83 - -
3* Fisheries Rd Esp Esp NP 19.4.93 10+ Good
4* Sheoaks Hill Esp Esp NR 22.4.93 100+ Good
* = new population
Unknown


L. sp. Condingup is poorly known and probably represents a new species. Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in
Western Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribed species and sorting of the Western
Australian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered in searching for the poorly known
Leucopogon species.
Recent surveys have found this taxon in Cape Arid National Park and the Nuytsland Nature Reserve.
References
Burgman (1985b).
118
Leucopogon sp. Coujinup (M.A.Burgman 1085) EPACRIDACEAE
A spindly, rounded shrub, 20-30 cm tall and 20-30 cm wide. Leaves are small, lanceolate to elliptic (2-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm),
stiff, overlapping and often clasping the stem, concave and have a sharp, spiny tip. The white flowers are erect
becoming pendulous on long stalks (2 mm); the green calyx (2.5 mm) has sepals with acute tips. The pendulous fruits
are sparsely covered in short white hairs.

The known populations of Leucopogon sp. Coujinup are distributed over 170 km, from the Oldfield River to the north-
west of Dingo Rock. It grows in white-grey sand on dune ridges adjacent to salt pans or in yellow sandy clay loam on
undulating sandplain in shrub heath. It may be associated with Banksia elderiana, Grevillea aneura, Adenanthos
glabrescens, Beaufortia schaueri and species of Verticordia, Calytrix and Allocasuarina.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Dingo Rock,NNW Esp Esp VCL 28.3.83 - -

2 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 1 500+ Healthy
3* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 18.9.93 500+ Healthy
4 West Point Rd Esp Rav - 10.84 - -
* = new population
Unknown


L. sp. Coujinup is poorly known and probably represents a new species. Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in Western
Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribed species and sorting of the Western Australian
Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered in searching for the poorly known Leucopogon
species.
This taxon is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. The large population (no. 2) near Fields Road, north-east
of Cascade, would be threatened if more land was released for agriculture. Further action is required on the proposed
vesting of Crown Land adjacent to the Lort River and Fields Road for the purpose of a conservation reserve (CALM
1991, Leighton and Watson 1992).
References
Burgman (1985b), CALM (1991), Leighton and Watson (1992).
119
Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1126) EPACRIDACEAE
An erect to spreading shrub, up 70 cm tall. Leaves are held almost perpendicular to the stem, shiny dark green on upper
surface, narrow triangular (4-8 x 1-2 mm) with margins rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute); the lower
surface has minute hairs in interveinal grooves. Flowers (5-10 mm) are creamy, stalkless with 2 or 3 borne in the upper
leaf axils. The calyx tube is about half the length of the corolla; sepals are acute and the bracteoles obtuse at the apex.
Two forms, one very robust and the other slighter, of this taxon are apparent. Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock has affinity to
L. allittii.
Flowering Period: May

L. sp. Kau Rock is widespread between Peak Eleanora and Israelite Bay, a range of over 300 km. It grows in brown
sandy loam and in fine calcareous loam (marl) in woodland, open mallee and shrub communities. Associated genera
include Eucalyptus, Hakea and Banksia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Kau Rock,SE Esp Esp NR 29.3.83 - -

2* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 19.5.93 2 Good
3* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Good
6* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 50+ Good
7* Sheoak Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 20+ Good
9* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 Good
10* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 2 Good
11* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 10+ Good
12* Daringdella Lake Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 1 Average
13* Gegelup Esp Esp NR. 21.4.93 10 Good
14* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 10+ Good
15* Peak Eleanora,SW Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 500+ Good
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown
120
Recent surveys have found L. sp. Kau Rock to be widespread and relatively common in areas north of those cleared for
agriculture. Taxonomic classification is required.
References
Burgman (1985b).
121
Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood (M.A.Burgman 1211) EPACRIDACEAE
[ex. Leucopogon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 3700)]
A dense shrub, 40-50 cm tall and 70-90 cm wide. The numerous slender woody branches are sparsely covered with
short hairs. Leaves are small, nearly circular (1-2 mm) and strongly curved backwards (recurved); the upper surface of
the leaf is sparsely covered in minute glandular hairs, giving a rough texture. Flowers are cream-coloured; the calyx (3
mm) comprises more than half the length of the corolla tube (4-5 mm); the acute sepals are deeply divided and curl
backwards at the tip.
Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood has affinity to L. hamulosus.

L. sp. Mount Heywood typically grows in white or yellow sand on the margins of saline lakes and depressions between
Salmon Gums and Clyde Hill, with a known range of about 100 km.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 4.5.83 - -

2a* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 100+ Good
2b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 500+ Good
3* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 100+ Good
5* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good
6* Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 18.11.93 100+ Good
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

L. sp. Mount Heywood is a characteristic floral component of saline lakes and depressions in the Clyde Hill-Mt Ridley
area. This area is not currently threatened by clearing for agriculture.
Burgman (1985b) may have listed two different taxa in his report as "Leucopogon aff. hamulosus". The specimen MAB
3700 is not represented in PERTH nor Burgman's field herbaria; a survey at the given locality found the superficially
similar L. sp. Roberts Swamp (K.R. Newbey 8173). The specimen MAB 1211 is represented in Burgman's field
herbarium; the phrase name Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood has therefore been adopted.
122
Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in Western Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribed
species and sorting of the Western Australian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered in
searching for the poorly known Leucopogon species.
L. sp. Mount Heywood occurs in the Salmon Gums Nature Reserve. Further survey is required.
References
Burgman (1985b).
123
Leucopogon sp. Munglinup (K.R.Newbey 8123) EPACRIDACEAE
An upright-spreading, mid-dense shrub, 40-80 cm tall and 30-80 cm broad. Old wood is slightly rough and dull, darkish
grey, while newer wood is pale brown and densely covered in short, stiff hairs. Leaves are light green, alternate,
ascending, narrow-obovate (3 mm long x 1 mm wide), and have margins that roll backwards (revolute). The lower
surface of leaves have fine, parallel nerves that are covered with minute white hairs. Flowers and fruits have not been
seen.

The only known location of this taxon is north of Munglinup where it grows on an almost flat plain in well-drained,
shallow sandy loams in Eucalyptus redunca open mallee. Associated species include E. leptocalyx, E. uncinata,
Grevillea pectinata, Melaleuca subfalcata, M. holosericea, Templetonia sulcata and Gahnia ancistrophylla.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Munglinup,N Esp Rav - 15.11.80 - -
Unknown


Currently, no specimen of Leucopogon sp. Munglinup is lodged in the Western Australian Herbarium. Further
collections are required to determine its taxonomic status. In 1992, a survey failed to relocate this taxon.
References
Newbey (1983).
124
Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp (K.R.Newbey 8173) EPACRIDACEAE
An upright, mid-dense shrub, 30-35 cm tall and 20-25 cm broad, with numerous slender branchlets. Old wood is
slightly rough and dull darkish grey, while newer wood is smooth and light grey. Leaves are dull green, small (2.0-2.5 x
1.5 mm), spreading, margins have scattered short hairs, and only the lower half of the leaves have the margins rolled
backwards (revolute); the tip bends downwards (deflexed). The white flowers are clustered at the ends of branchlets;
the calyx (2-2.5 mm) is more than half the length of the corolla and the acute sepals and bracteoles are covered in minute
felt-like hairs. The globular fruits are flattened on top.

Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp grows on a fossil alluvial flat on a tributary of the Lort River. The alluvium (sand over
loamy clay) is not saline. It grows in open shrub mallee of Eucalyptus angustissima with tall shrubs of Santalum
acuminatum and Hakea adnata. Other associated genera include Acacia, Melaleuca and Restio.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 1 500+ Good

2* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.9.93 2+ Average
* = new population
Unknown


L. sp. Roberts Swamp is poorly known and possibly rare. The large population (no. 1) near Fields Road, north-east of
Cascade, could possibly be threatened if more land was released for agriculture. Further action is required on the
proposed vesting of Crown Land adjacent to the Lort River and Fields Road for the purpose of a conservation reserve
(CALM 1991, Leighton and Watson 1992).
References
Burgman (1985b), CALM (1991), Leighton and Watson (1992), Newbey (1983).
125
Leucopogon sp. South Coast (K.R.Newbey 8213) EPACRIDACEAE
An upright, moderately open shrub, 45-50 cm tall and 40-50 cm broad with few secondary branches. Old wood is
almost smooth, while newer wood is covered with short, dull red hairs. Leaves are dull darkish green, flat, alternate,
elliptical (5-7 x 3 mm), have a short callous point and margins fringed with minute hairs. Leaves have conspicuous
nerves on the lower surface. Leaf stalks are strap-like (1 mm). Inflorescences are terminal spikes of 5-7 flowers on a
main stalk which is pale brown, slightly undulate and covered in short, stiff hairs. The white corolla tube (2.5-3.0 mm)
is hairless with the narrow lobes curving backwards; the inner surface is bearded with white hairs. The ovary is smooth.
Anthers have no appendages. Fruits are spherical (1.8 mm) with a persistent style.
Leucopogon sp. South Coast may be closely related to L. bossiaea.
Fruiting Period: Late November - December

The only known location of L. sp. South Coast is north-east of Bonnie Hill where it grows on flat plain in calcareous,
loamy sands amongst Eucalyptus leptocalyx mallee. Associated species include E. incrassata, E. uncinata, Banksia
media, Grevillea pectinata, Astartea ambigua, Lepidosperma brunonianum, Conostephium sp. and Gahnia
ancistrophylla.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Bonnie Hill,NE Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 16.11.93 13+ Good
Unknown


L. sp. South Coast is an inconspicuous species that is poorly known and possibly rare and threatened. The known
locality is at the northern limit of agriculture in the Esperance District. In 1993, a survey relocated the known
population by using Newbey's (1983) description. His specimen, KRN 8213 is not currently lodged in the Western
Australian Herbarium. Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in Western Australia is urgently required. Classification of
the many undescribed species and sorting of the Western Australian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the
problems encountered in searching for the poorly known Leucopogon species.
L. sp. South Coast is not known in any conservation reserve. Further survey is required.
References
Newbey (1983).
126
Melaleuca agathosmoides C.A.Gardner MYRTACEAE
A diffuse shrub to 1-1.5 m tall. Leaves are opposite, shortly oblong (2-3 x 1.5 mm), thick, glandular, stalkless and have
an obtuse tip. The white or straw-coloured flowers are borne singly or in lateral clusters on old wood. Staminal
bundles are less than 1 cm long, each claw having 14-20 filaments. Petals are erect, about 5 mm long and have an acute
apex. Calyx lobes are ovate to orbicular. The ovary has 3 locules and a long style. Fruits (5 mm diameter) are slightly
immersed in the old wood and have 5 triangular-shaped, obtuse lobes.

Melaleuca agathosmoides is known from two localities. The largest population occurs within a 5 km radius of Hatter
Hill, while another collection has been made approximately 40 km to the west, near Lake King. It grows in gravelly,
red clay loam and may form dense stands beneath open eucalyptus woodland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Hatter Hill,NE Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 200+ Part-dist.
1b Hatter Hill,NW Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 500+ Part-dist.
1c Hatter Hill,S Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 50+ Disturbed
1d Hatter Hill,SE Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 22.3.91 100 000+ Part-dist.
2 Lake King,NE Kat LG - 1.10.80 - -
Unknown


M. agathosmoides is geographically restricted but locally abundant at Hatter Hill. Sub-populations nos. 1a, 1b and 1c
have been partially disturbed by mining activities; sub-population no. 1d has been covered by a tenement
(P. Armstrong, personal communication; F. Mollemans, personal communication; R. Thomas, personal
communication). Currently, mining operations have ceased in the area, however it is anticipated that the area will
continue to attract considerable interest. Consequently, these populations could be under threat if mining activity were
expanded. Monitoring is therefore required to ensure that this species does not become further threatened in the Hatter
Hill area.
The population near Lake King needs to be resurveyed to determine its size and status. Further survey is required.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1980), Gardner (1939a).
127
Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta Barlow MYRTACEAE
A dense, upright shrub, 1.5-2.5 m tall. Leaves are broadly ovate (4-6 x 3-5 mm), opposite, thick, faintly glandular-
dotted and have an obtuse apex. The white flower heads are globular with 1 to 3 borne at the ends of branches.
Staminal bundles are less than 1 cm long; the calyx tube and lobes are covered with white, silky hairs. Bracts are
numerous, overlapping, silky-hairy and brown.
This subspecies has fruit with very short lobes or an entire rim, whereas subsp. calycina has five long, acute
protuberances spreading from the rim. Subsp. dempta is also distinguished by the obtuse apex of the leaf, whereas the
apex is acute in subsp. calycina.

Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta is known from only two localities, 5 km apart, east of Scaddan. This taxon occurs
near the middle of the range of M. calycina subsp. calycina. It grows in clay in winter-wet depressions.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Scaddan,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 1 000+ Good

2* Scaddan,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 50 Fair
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

M. calycina subsp. dempta is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. Both the known populations on Scaddan
Road are threatened, population no. 1 by any road realignment and possibly by increased waterlogging caused by poor
drainage, and population no. 2 by road maintenance. Road markers are recommended for both populations. Further
survey to accurately determine the conservation status of this taxon is urgently required.
References
Barlow and Cowley (1988), Blackall and Grieve (1980).
128
Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia Cowley MYRTACEAE
An openly-branched shrub, 2-3 m tall, which is covered in soft matted hairs on all parts, except the older leaves which
lose their hairs. Leaves are very narrowly triangular (8-20 x 1-2 mm). The dark red inflorescence is a spike of 22-38
flowers on an axis 40-85 mm long with a stalk (2-5 mm). The broadly ovate bracts (13 x 1 mm) and the 2 elliptic
bracteoles (3 x 2 mm) sometimes persist to anthesis. The calyx tube is barrel-shaped and hairy. Sepals are broadly
ovate (1.5-2 mm) and persist to fruit maturity. There are 9-18 red stamens (11-26 mm, including claw 7-10 mm) per
bundle. The fruit is compressed barrel-shaped (3 x 4-7 mm), papery in texture and has the valves deeply recessed
below the aperture.

Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia is known from the Wittenoom Hills Nature Reserve and about 30 km to the south-
east near Coolinup Road. It grows in light brown sandy soils associated with granite outcrops in scrub with Eucalyptus
forrestiana and Calothamnus quadrifidus.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Wittenoon Hill Esp Esp NR 10.11.91 - -

1b Mt Burdett Esp Esp NR 26.11.85 - -
2 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp ?Private 15.12.88 Numerous -
Unknown

Unknown

M. coccinea subsp. eximia appears to be very geographically restricted. It occurs in the Wittenoom Hills Nature
Reserve where it should remain secure. Further survey is required.
References
Cowley et al. (1990).
129
Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup (M.A.Burgman 3898) CYPERACEAE
A small, inconspicuous, tufted sedge, 6 cm tall and 5 cm diameter. Spikelets are 1-2 flowered in a lateral head, 2-3 mm
long.

Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup has been collected west of Cascades and near "Bitterwater Swamp" which is possibly near
the Warburton Ranges in the Victoria Desert. Near Cascade it grows on sandplain in very open shrub mallee and heath.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a West Point Rd Esp Rav ?Shire Rd Res. 29.9.84 - -

1b West Point Rd Esp Rav ?VCL 29.9.84 - -
2 Bitterwater Swamp - - - 10.73 - -
Unknown

Unknown

Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup was searched for at both locations on West Point Rd in September 1992, but was not
located. Instead, this taxon was confused with Schoenus nanus and S. subflavus, both of which are present at these
sites. Burgman (1985b) describes this taxon "may be more widespread and common than [his] collections indicate".
Further survey is required.
References
Burgman (1985b).
130
Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6546) RUTACEAE
A spreading, moderately dense, woody shrub, 50-70 cm tall and 40-50 cm wide. Leaves are linear (10 mm) with the
edges of the leaves rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute). Flowers are without stalks and borne in terminal
heads, with the upper leaves exceeding the head. Each flower has 5 petals, 10 free stamens and a distinct calyx which
is shorter than the petals.
This taxon has affinity to Microcybe pauciflora.

Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill is known only from the Hatter Hill area, where it occurs on a small kaolinitic breakaway in
well-drained loam.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Hatter Hill Esp Rav ?VCL (Mining Lease) 14.11.79 - -

1b Hatter Hill Esp Rav ?VCL (Mining Lease) 16.9.89 - -
Unknown

Unknown

M. sp. Hatter Hill appears to have a very restricted distribution. Hatter Hill has various mining tenements covering the
area. The two collections lodged in the Western Australian Herbarium have only vague locality information. Further
survey is required.
131
Mirbelia densiflora C.A.Gardner PAPILIONACEAE
An upright, spreading shrub, 0.3-1.0 m tall and 0.4-0.5 m wide. Leaves are linear (10-15 mm) with the margins rolled
backwards towards the midrib (revolute) and the tip has a short, sharp point. The flowers, which are borne in dense
terminal heads, are deep golden yellow with reddish centres and have a large circular upright petal. The calyx is silky-
hairy, with the posterior lobes united for half their length. The ovary and pod have 2 ovules which occur in 2 separate
cells.
Flowering Period: October - January

Mirbelia densiflora is distributed over 150 km between Young River and Newdegate, but is most frequent in the area
between Hatter Hill and Frank Hann National Park. It grows on small breakaways in stony loam and on gently
undulating plains in well-drained loamy sand; in open woodlands, Eucalyptus redunca open shrublands and heaths.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Young River Esp Esp - 1.36 - -

2a* Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 60+ Healthy
2b* Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 100+ Healthy
2c Hatter Hill Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 500+ Healthy
3* Mt Gibbs,W Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 10+ Healthy
4 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 10+ Healthy
5 Newdegate Kat LG - 12.10.65 - -
Unknown

Unknown

M. densiflora is found in a variety of habitats with the largest known populations occurring near Hatter Hill. At least
one population occurs in the Frank Hann National Park. Further survey is required.
References
Gardner (1942).
132
Myoporum velutinum Chinn. ms MYOPORACEAE
A shrub, 1 m tall. Leaves are narrow-lanceolate (15-65 x 6-10 mm) and covered in short, felt-like hairs. Stems are
covered in short, white hairs. Flowers are small, regular and white with prominent purple spots at base of the lobes and
the upper section of the short, straight tube. The flowers are borne on stalks (2-3 mm) with 1-4 clustered in the axils of
leaves.
Fruiting Period: February

Myoporum velutinum ms is known from two localities less than 25 km apart, south of Condingup. It grows in damp,
slightly saline, brown loamy sand on the margins of creeks.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mungliginup Creek Esp Esp Private 29.9.86 Common -

2 Mt Hawes,SE Esp Esp NP 14.2.89 1 -
Unknown

Unknown

M. velutinum ms may be threatened in the future by increased salinity levels and waterlogging, as a result of land
clearing in the catchment area where this species is known to grow. Further survey is required, especially along
drainage lines in the Cape Le Grand National Park. Collection of germ-plasm/seed material is recommended.
133
Otion rigidum Crisp ms PAPILIONACEAE
[ex. Aotus sp. Dundas (M.A.Burgman 2835)]
A shrub, 0.5-0.8 m tall and 0.4-0.9 wide, with rigid, straight branchlets that are covered in minute, tightly curled hairs
and are frequently spinescent. The scattered leaves are widely spreading, stalked (0.5 mm), narrow-oblong (1.5-10 x
0.8-1.5 mm), thick, obtuse at the apex, and covered in minute hairs when young and on the lower side only when older;
margins are tightly rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute) creating a groove on the underside. Single flowers
are borne in the upper leaf axils on shortly-hairy stalks (1.5-4 mm); the calyx (5 mm) is covered in short hairs and has 5
lobes which are about half the length of the calyx, the upper 2 lobes are united for approximately half their length. The
large, upright, broad-ovate standard (9.5 x 8.5 mm) is notched at the summit and yellow on the upper surface and red
beneath; the wings are yellow and the keel deep red. The ovary is covered with long, white hairs. The pod is almost
globular (7 x 5 mm) and covered with both long white and short curly hairs.
Otion rigidum ms is closely related to O. microphyllum (ex. Oxylobium microphyllum) which mostly occurs in the
Ravensthorpe-Hopetoun area and has more slender, non-spinescent branchlets and usually smaller leaves (1-5 x 0.6-2
mm).

O. rigidum ms occurs between Peak Eleanora and Mt Heywood, a range of 140 km. It grows on sandy flats, sometimes
near watercourses or salt lakes, in open mallee and shrub communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 10.70 - -

2 Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp NR 18.11.93 10+ Good
3* Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 18.11.93 1 000+ Good
4 Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp - 14.10.31 - -
5 Grass Patch,E Esp Esp - 19.10.82 - -
6 Peak Charles,SSW Esp Esp NP 11.11.79 - -
7 Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 2.10.83 - -
8 ?Kumarl,W Esp Esp VCL 5.10.85 - -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown
134
O. rigidum ms is the type of a new genus being described by M. Crisp (personal communication). Recent taxonomic
work has found this taxon to be reasonably widespread and not as rare and vulnerable as originally believed by
Burgman (1985b). It is known to occur in the Salmon Gums Nature Reserve and Peak Charles National Park. Further
opportunistic survey is required.
References
Burgman (1985b).
135
Persoonia baeckeoides Weston PROTEACEAE
An erect, spreading shrub, 0.5-0.9 m tall, with many stems branching from the base. Young branchlets are moderately
hairy when young, but the hairs disappear with age. The alternate, crowded leaves are small, spoon-shaped (5-11 x 2-4
mm), obtuse at the tip, twisted at the base, flat, and without hairs. Flowers are yellow-green in colour, narrow-oblong
(8 x 1.5 mm) and borne on stalks (2-3 mm). The fleshy stonefruit is ellipsoid (8-11 x 5 mm) and smooth.
This species is a distinctive one, not closely resembling any other Persoonia.

Persoonia baeckeoides is known from only two localities, north-east and north-west of Peak Charles, where it grows in
yellow sandy loam over laterite in heath.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Peak Charles,NW Esp Esp VCL 5.12.80 - -

2 Peak Charles,NE Esp Esp VCL 10.66 - -
Unknown

Unknown

The general vicinity of the known population was burnt in patches by fire in January 1991. Further survey is required
to determine the size and extent of these remote populations, and to determine whether further populations exist.
136
Phebalium rude subsp. lineare (C.A.Gardner) Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE
An erect, multi-branched shrub, to 1.5 m tall. Leaves are thick, linear (20 x 1-1.5 mm), narrowing slightly towards the
base and rounded at the apex. Solitary, regular, white flowers are borne on stalks in the leaf axils. Flowers have a
distinct calyx, 5 petals, 10 free stamens which have shiny stalks, and an ovary which is also shiny. Seed is bluntly
ellipsoidal (3 mm long), smooth and dark brown.
Flowering Period: April - May, October - December

Phebalium rude subsp. lineare is known only from Mt Ragged, north-west of Israelite Bay. It grows in skeletal soil on
exposed slopes and in valleys amongst quartzite rocks.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 1 000+ Good
Two years after a hot burn on Mt Ragged (February 1991), this taxon had resprouted, with numerous stems (40-50 cm
tall) from the base of plants, and was flowering.

Unknown

P. rude subsp. lineare is very geographically restricted and possibly rare. Frequent fires in the Mt Ragged area may be
a problem for this taxon. Further survey is required.
P. rude subsp. lineare occurs in the Cape Arid National Park.
References
Wilson (1970).
137
Phlegmatospermum richardsii (F.Muell.) E.A.Shaw BRASSICACEAE
An erect, hairy, annual herb, to 20 cm tall. The basal leaves are broad towards the tip (egg-shaped), to 7 cm long, with
margins that are toothed or entire. Stem leaves are narrower, to 4 cm long, and shallowly lobed to entire. The oldest
flowers are at the edge of the elongating head of flowers. Flowers are white or yellow, with sepals 2-4 mm long and
petals 3-7 mm long; the style is exserted beyond the petals. The dry fruit (<1 cm) is composed of 2 carpels separated
by a partition, each valve has warty protuberances with hairs on its base; fruit stalks (<1 cm) are stout and spreading.

Phlegmatospermum richardsii occurs on the Nullarbor Plain from Eucla to Fowler's Bay in South Australia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Eucla Esp Dund - 9.1879 - -
Unknown

Unknown

P. richardsii is a poorly known species which has not been collected for 100 years. Specimens are lodged in the
Adelaide and Melbourne Herbaria, but not in Perth. No specific localities are known for this species, however it
appears to be mainly distributed in South Australia rather than Western Australia. Further survey is required; liaison
with the Adelaide Herbarium is recommended.
References
Hewson (1982).
138
Pimelea halophila Rye THYMELAEACEAE
An undershrub, 1.5-15 cm tall, which often has the main stem buried, giving rise to a number of main branches
appearing at ground level and forming a cushion. Leaves are alternate, hairless, elliptic (0.4-3.2 x 0.4-1.5 mm) and
green to bluish-green. Flower heads are terminal and compact, with 4-20 pink flowers per head. Sepals are white to
cream. Flower stalks are hairy. The floral tubes of male flowers are 2-2.5 mm long, while those of females are 1.5-1.7
mm long, both are densely hairy on the outside. Seed (2 x 1 mm) has faint longitudinal markings.
Pimelea halophila is related to P. serpyllifolia but differs in the alternate and smaller leaves, in being densely hairy on
the outside of the flowers and in the shiny ovary of the female flowers.

P. halophila is known from only two localities, east of Salmon Gums and over 200 km to the west at Lake King. It
grows on slightly elevated ridges and islands of aeolian sand in or along the margins of salt lakes, in very low open
shrubland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Lake King Kat LG NR (Mining Lease) 1.9.89 100+ Good

2 Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 16.9.88 300 Healthy
Unknown

Unknown

The Lake King population has been subject of mining for gypsum in at least one area (A. Wilson, personal
communication). Further survey of salt lakes between Salmon Gums and Lake King is required.
P. halophila occurs in two Nature Reserves.
References
Rye (1988).
139
Pimelea pelinos Rye THYMELAEACEAE
An erect or straggling shrub to 60 cm tall, with male and female flowers on separate plants. Leaves are opposite, green,
narrow but broader towards the tip (obovate, 2.5-11.5 x 0.8-2.5 mm) and lack hairs. Flowering branchlets occur in the
uppermost leaf axils and have minute reddish bracts at the base. The 2 or 4 involucral bracts are leaf-like.
Inflorescences consist of 5-21 cream flowers which are densely hairy outside, but lack hairs inside the tube; sepals are
hairy on both sides. Male flowers have a tube (2-3 mm) that expands from 0.5 mm diameter at the middle to 1 mm at
the summit; the anthers are virtually without stalks. Female flowers have a tube (1.5 x 1 mm) which scarcely continues
above the ovary; the ovary has an apical tuft of hairs; the stigma is somewhat brush-like.
Flowering Period: June - July

Pimelea pelinos is known from only one locality east of Scaddan. It grows in grey sandy clay on low ridges between
salt lakes, in shrubland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Scaddan,E Esp Esp ?VCL 10.6.88 200 -
Unknown


P. pelinos appears to be geographically restricted and is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. Further
survey of salt lakes south of Scaddan Road is recommended. According to Annette Wilson (personal communication),
P. pelinos does not occur around salt lakes immediately north of Scaddan Road which have a gypsum rather than a clay
substrate.
References
Rye (1989).
140
Pultenaea sp. Mt Beaumont (K.R.Newbey 7928) PAPILIONACEAE
A moderately open, spreading shrub, 30-40 cm tall and 18-20 cm wide, divided just above ground level into 4-5
branches which have only sparse secondary branching. Young branches are covered in short, soft hairs. Leaves are
linear (5-8 x 0.8 mm), curved backwards slightly, have margins that are rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute),
and an apex with a fine, spiny tip. There is a small appendage (stipule) at the base of the leaf stalk which is narrow-
triangular (5 x 1 mm), dark brown and hairy along the margins. Leafy flower heads occur at the ends of branches. The
relatively small flowers are borne on short, hairy stalks. The calyx (5 x 3.5 mm) is covered with short, soft hairs; the 2
upper lobes are not united. Petals are brownish-red and yellow.

This taxon is known from only one locality, south-east of Mt Beaumont. It grows in well-drained shallow sand over
clay on a flat plain, in mixed open Eucalyptus shrub mallee.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Beaumont,SE Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 10.11.1980 Rare -
Unknown

Unknown

Search for this taxon in October 1992 failed to relocate the known population. Further intensive survey of the area is
required.
References
Newbey (1983).
141
Rulingia tratmannii C.R.P.Andrews STERCULIACEAE
= ?Rulingia craurophylla F.Muell.
A shrub, 0.5-1.2 m tall, with slender branches, covered when young with grey, velvety, short matted hairs which
disappear as the plant matures. Leaves are linear to linear-lanceolate (20-25 x 3-6 mm), stalkless, have a rounded apex,
margins that are cut into rounded teeth and curve backwards towards the midrib (revolute); both sides of the leaves are
covered with star-shaped hairs. Flowers are in loose heads, borne on long, branching stalks (10-20 mm) in the axils of
leaves. The calyx is covered with short matted hairs, especially at the base, and the upper part is prominently angled.
Petals are expanded into lateral lobes at the base, the ligula are very narrow and 3-nerved. The ovary is without hairs.
Styles are free, but the stigmas are more or less coherent.
Taxonomy
This taxon appears to have been described twice, originally as Rulingia craurophylla by F. Mueller (1875), and later as
Rulingia tratmannii by C.R.P. Andrews (1904) from a specimen collected near Dundas in 1903.
A note on the folder in the New South Wales Herbarium states "These species are regarded as synonyms in Blackall
and Grieve 'How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers Part II'. There is no mention of R. coacta S.Moore which is
possibly also synonymous although Gardner in his Enumerator lists both R. coacta and R. tratmannii. I am inclined to
unite material bearing these 3 names under the earliest R. craurophylla until further evidence comes up." (Anon.)
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Unknown

Unknown

Inspection of the type specimens would elucidate the identity of these species. Their current locality is unknown.
References
Andrews (1904), Mueller (1875).
142
Scaevola sp. Swallow Rock (K.R.Newbey 9677) GOODENIACEAE
A dense, cushion-like shrub, 1-3 cm tall and 20-35 cm wide, which divides at ground level into numerous, radiating
branches pressed closely to the ground. The soft leaves (3-5 x 2 mm) are covered in long white hairs and are crowded
at the ends of branches. Cream-coloured flowers are borne in the axils of leaves where they are partly hidden by
foliage. The corolla tube and lobes are covered with long, white hairs.
The only other cushion-like Scaevola occurring in the same range is S. pulvinaris which can be distinguished by its
hairless leaves. S. sp. Swallow Rock appears to have some affinity with S. arenaria.

This taxon is known only from an area near Swallow Rock, 45 km east of Lake King. It is common in patches on the
margins of minor, freshwater drainage lines on a flat sandplain, in a low shrub complex.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Swallow Rock Esp Rav VCL 22.11.82 Common -
Unknown

Unknown

S. sp. Swallow Rock is very poorly known and possibly geographically restricted. It not known to occur in any
conservation reserve. Fresh flowering material is required for taxonomic work. Further survey is required.
References
Newbey (1983).
143
Spyridium minutum Rye RHAMNACEAE
A moderately dense, rigid undershrub, 10-25 cm tall and 5-15 cm wide. Young branches are light brown and covered
with fine hairs which disappear with age. Leaves are very small (1.0-1.3 x 1 mm) and thick, with the margins rolled
backwards towards the midrib (revolute), giving the leaf an inflated appearance. The upper surface of the leaf is shiny,
hairless and green, while the lower surface is cream-coloured caused by the covering of fine, matted hairs. The
creamy-grey flowers are usually in pairs (or single), small (<2 mm) and without stalks.
Spyridium minutum is similar to S. cordatum, but can be distinguished by the flowers being single or in pairs, whereas
S. cordatum has numerous flowers per cluster.
Flowering Period: March, May, September

S. minutum is widespread between the Young River and Clyde Hill extending northwards to near Salmon Gums, a
range of 200 km. It prefers sandy clay loams on undulating plain, in Eucalyptus mallee/woodland and myrtaceous
scrub.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Dowak Esp Esp NR 20.11.92 12+ Good

2 529 ml peg Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 15.5.68 - -
3 Mt Beaumont,SE Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.10.92 1 000+ Good
4 West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 9.84 - -
5* Cascades Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 5+ Good
6* Griffiths Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 10 000+ Good
Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 1 000+ Good
7* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 2 000+ Good
8* Rollond Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 <10 Good
9* Rollond Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 <10 Good
12* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 Occasional Good
13* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 60+ Disturbed
14* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 10+ Good
15a* Griggs Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.9.92 1 000+ Good
15b* Fields Rd Esp Esp NR 14.9.92 50+ Good
16* Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 10+ Good
18* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 Occasional Good
19* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 20+ Post-fire
20* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 5+ Good
21* Mt Heywood,WNW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 20+ Good
23* Mt Ridley,NW Esp Esp VCL 23.5.93 5+ Good
24* Parmango Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.11.93 50+ Good
25* Grass Patch Esp Esp ?Rail Res. 17.11.92 3 Good
144

26* Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 Frequent Good
27* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 20+ Good
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

S. minutum was originally thought to be rare (Newbey 1983) and endangered (Burgman 1985b). Recent surveys have
shown this inconspicuous species to be relatively common. Two localities of Burgman (1985b) on West Point Road
were revisited and found to be the closely related S. cordatum.
S. minutum grows in at least four Nature Reserves.
References
Burgman (1985b), Newbey (1983).
145
Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9773) EUPHORBIACEAE
A low spreading, becoming rounded, dense shrub, 15-18 cm tall and 20-30 cm wide. Stems are contorted and woody
with grey rough flaky bark; young stems are ridged and bright light brown. Leaves are alternate, keeled (ridged like the
bottom of a boat) with a prominent midrib underneath, narrow but broader towards the tip (5-7 x 1-2 mm) which has a
hard, sharp point. There are 2 narrow-triangular bracts (stipules, 1.8 mm), at the base of each leaf. The almost
pendulous, deep maroon flower heads are at the ends of branches; 3-4 male flowers surround 2 central female flowers.
Male flowers have 3 outer bracts (2-4 x 1.5-2.5 mm) which are glossy black-grey with a reddish margin, the inner 3
bracts (7 x 1.4 mm) are dull black; there are 70-80 globular anthers crowded on the grey-black column (2 mm). Female
flowers are tubular (2 mm) with 2 pale brown outer bracts and 4 leaf-like inner bracts; the ovary is angular, bright green
with a 2-3 lobed style. Fruits (7 x 3.5 mm) are finely ridged and bright green.

Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring is known from only two localities, near Mt Baring and over 250 km to the west near
Bandalup Hill. It grows in deep white sands on a flat plain in Eucalyptus tetraptera mallee and on a breakaway of
lateritized spongolite with E. lehmannii and Banksia lemanniana. Associated species include Phymatocarpus
maxwellii, Astartea ambigua, Calothamnus gracilis and Banksia gardneri and various sedges.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Mt Baring,NW Esp Esp VCL 11.10.83 Rare -

2* Bandalup Hill Alb Rav VCL 8.9.93 1 -
* = new population (C.J.Robinson)
According to Newbey (1983) this taxon resuckers after fire.

Unknown

In April 1993, the general area near Mt Baring population was surveyed, but this taxon was not found. Further survey
is required.
References
Newbey (1983), Robinson and Coates (1995).
146
Styphelia pulchella (Stschegl.) Druce EPACRIDACEAE
An upright to spreading shrub, 40-50 cm tall and 35-40 cm wide. Leaves are rigid, overlapping, very concave and
curved backwards at the tip (recurved), dull green, broader towards the base than the tip (ovate, 2.5-3.0 x 2.5 mm) and
have a fine, sharp spiny tip. Leaf margins are strongly serrated. Single flowers are borne in leaf axils. The corolla is
white, tubular (6-7 mm), hairless inside, but with bearded lobes that curve backwards; the stamens are exposed.

Styphelia pulchella is distributed over 550 km, from the Fitzgerald River National Park to south of Cocklebiddy. It
grows on well-drained, sandy clay loams on flat plains or mountain slopes, in shrub/heath communities with or without
open mallee. Associated species may include Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. salubris, Melaleuca pauperiflora,
Daviesia benthamii and Acrotriche cordata.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1a Cocklebiddy,S Esp Esp NR 11.7.74 - -

1b Cocklebiddy,S Esp Esp NR 9.8.86 - -
2 Mt Norcott Esp Esp - 22.9.78 - -
4 Parmango Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 5.9.86 - Disturbed
5 Bonnie Hill,W Esp Esp - 2.8.83 - -
6a Mt Ragged,SW Esp Esp NP 17.8.80 - -
6b* Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 22.4.93 50+ Post-fire
7a Hatter Hill,SE Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 8.8.79 1 -
7b Hatter Hill,S Esp Rav VCL 3.9.70 Common -
8 Jerdacuttup River Alb Rav - 15.8.65 - -
9a Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav - 4.10.81 Scattered -
9b Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav - 3.9.86 - -
10 Ravensthorpe,S Alb Rav - - - -
11 Mt Desmond Alb Rav VCL 9.83 Occasional -
12 Ravensthorpe,S Alb Rav - 26.8.65 - -
13 Phillips River Alb Rav - 1800s - -
14 East Mt Barren Alb Rav NP 9.24 - -
15 Eyre Range,W Alb Rav NP 26.4.69 - -
Two years after a hot burn (February 1991) in the Mt Ragged area, S. pulchella was found resuckering and in bud.

Unknown
147
S. pulchella is widespread and known to occur in four conservation reserves. Newbey (1983) considered that although
the soil/vegetation types are widespread where S. pulchella could grow, the species is rare. J. Powell (personal
communication) suggests that it is relatively common in localised areas.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1981), Newbey (1983).
148
Thysanotus baueri R.Br. ANTHERICACEAE
Fringed Lily
A perennial plant with a small rhizome and tuberous roots that are ellipsoidal (25-75 x 5-10 mm). The 3-5 leaves are
almost cylindrical (6-13 cm) and usually wither early. The inflorescence is racemose (8-24 cm long), with umbels of 1-
4 flowers on articulated stalks (6-10 mm) and 2-4 stalkless flowers below. Sepals are elliptic (2.5 mm wide) and petals
oblong-elliptic (4 mm wide) with the hairy fringe 2-2.5 mm long. There are 6 stamens; anthers are curved and twisted,
the 3 yellow outer anthers being shorter (3.5 mm) than the 3 purple inner anthers (6.5 mm). The style (7 mm) is
straight except for the apex.

Thysanotus baueri is widely distributed in Western Australia, with a known range of over 1500 km. Usually it has been
found in grassy open habitats in drier inland areas on open plain, in calcareous loam over limestone or in gravelly red
soil.
T. baueri also occurs in central and western New South Wales, north-eastern Victoria and southern South Australia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 ?Rawlinna Gold Bldr Pastoral Lease 20.10.66 - -

2 White Cliffs Gold - Pastoral Lease 21.10.63 Frequent -
3* Deralinya Esp Dund VCL 14.11.93 1 000+ Healthy
4 Cocklebiddy,E Esp Dund - 13.10.83 1 -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

Although T. baueri is poorly known in Western Australia, its wide distribution suggests that it has been poorly
collected, rather than naturally rare. Further survey is still required to determine its status in this State.
References
Brittan (1987).
149
Verticordia sieberi var. pachyphylla A.S.George MYRTACEAE
An erect, spreading shrub, 40-50 cm tall and 30-50 cm wide. Leaves are dull lightish green, very broad elliptic (3 x
1.5-2 mm) and thick. Flower stalks (1-3 mm) are also very thick. Rounded clusters of 1-10 flowers are borne at the
ends of branches. Flowers have light pink petals with fringed margins; the calyx tube is covered in long, grey hairs and
has pale pink, comb-like, deeply fringed sepals (2-3 mm); the style (4 mm) is bearded around the upper section.
Verticordia sieberi is distinguished from V. plumosa by being a slender shrub with deeper fringing of the sepal lobes,
and from V. stenopetala by the shorter petals and style (V. sieberi has a style equal to or just exceeding the petals, while
V. stenopetala has a style about twice the length of the petals). V. sieberi var. curta which grows to the west of var.
pachyphylla can be distinguished by its shorter sepals (1.5-1.7 mm) and the margins of petals which are shortly
serrated.
Flowering Period: January

V. sieberi var. pachyphylla is known from two localities, one being in Frank Hann National Park. It grows on well-
drained, slightly saline aeolian loamy sand on the inner slope of a salt lake. It is frequent in patches in low shrubland,
associated with Darwinia diosmoides.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 1
Known Populations

1 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 26.1.90 Frequent -

2 Lake King- Esp ?Esp Gravel Res. 30.10.88 - -
Norseman Rd
Unknown

Unknown

According to George (1991), further study is needed on the taxonomy of V. sieberi, as this species shows considerable
variation. He suggests that this taxon probably occurs around other salt lakes in the region of the known population.
At least one population of V. sieberi var. pachyphylla occurs within the Frank Hann National Park.
References
George (1991).
150
B. Priority Two Taxa
Based on the October 1992 Priority Flora List there were 74 Priority Two taxa known from within the boundaries of the
Esperance District.
Of these, 39 taxa were located during surveys in 1992 and 1993. New populations or sub-populations were found for 26
taxa.
District:
Cymbonotus preissianus
Dampiera deltoidea
Eucalyptus stoatei x tetraptera
Grevillea wittweri
The following taxa were deleted as they were identified as being another species:
Baeckea sp. Cape Arid (K.R.Newbey 9753)

= Micromyrtus imbricata
Pultenaea sp. Bremer Range (K.R.Newbey 8205)
= Pultenaea conferta
Pultenaea sp. Wittenoom Hills (M.A.Burgman 2564)
= Pultenaea spinulosa
Amperea sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154)

= Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154)
Asteraceae genus nov. (M.A.Burgman 4418)
= Haegiela tatei
Daviesia sp. CAM (K.R.Newbey 8162) 'campephylla'
= Daviesia campephylla ms
Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. nov. Fraser Range (A.Popplewell 2.69)
= Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms
Eucalyptus sp. Balladonia (S.D.Hopper 3115) [aff. pileata]
= Eucalyptus spreta ms
Grevillea sp. Scaddan (P.Olde 91/332) [aff. plurijuga]
= Grevillea superba
Persoonia hakeiformis (Esperance specimens different)
= Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman 4424)
Scaevola brooksiana
= Scaevola brookeana
Spyridium sp. Frank Hann (K.R.Newbey 6688)
= Spyridium mucronatum subsp. mucronatum ms
214
Acacia amyctica R.S.Cowan & Maslin MIMOSACEAE
A spreading, moderately dense shrub, 0.7-1.5 m tall with smooth, light grey bark. Phyllodes ('leaves') are narrow to
elliptic and wider towards the apex (15-25 x 2.5-4.0 mm), straight or slightly curved, hairless, have numerous closely-
parallel nerves, a stiff, spiny tip which is asymmetrical, and 1 basal gland. The golden flower heads are globular (3-3.5
mm), 20-25 flowered, with 2 heads per axil borne on stalks (4-7 mm). Legumes are linear (to 60 x 3 mm), not
constricted between the seeds and strongly curved in one or more circles.
Acacia amyctica is very similar in appearance to A. ancistrophylla var. ancistrophylla which has fewer flowers per head,
phyllodes without a spiny tip and indistinct nerves. It also resembles A. whibleyana, but that species has wider fruits in
which the seeds are arranged obliquely, and does not occur in the same geographic area.

A. amyctica is distributed over about 80 km, from Peak Charles National Park and Pyramid Lake east to Salmon Gums.
It grows in loam and on sandy clay plains in low woodland and open shrubland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Salmon Gums Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 25.9.83 - -

2 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.12.71 - -
3a Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 500+ Good
3b* Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp NP 19.9.93 100+ Good
3c* Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 1 000+ Good
3d* Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 1 000+ Good
4* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 10 Good
5 Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 50+ Good
6 Dunn Swamp,E Esp Esp VCL 15.11.80 Frequent -
Unknown


Acacia amyctica has the potential to be distributed through largely inaccessible areas of unvested Crown Land to the
south-west and south-east of Peak Charles. Further opportunistic survey is required.
215
Acacia asepala Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A spreading shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall with branchlets that are red-brown at the extremities. Phyllodes ('leaves') are needle-
like (10-25 x 1 mm), rigid, thick, hairless, 5-nerved, and have a gland 2-4 mm above the base. The small, golden flower
heads are globular, 10-flowered, and borne on stalks (2 mm) with 2 per axil. Flowers are unusual in that they lack a
calyx and are not subtended by bracteoles.
Acacia asepala ms has similar branchlets and phyllodes to A. calcarata which has 15-20 flowers per head on stalks 7
mm long. Phyllodes also resemble those of A. colletioides which have 8 nerves, as well the flowers have a calyx and
bracteoles.

A. asepala ms is known only from Marvel Loch and Frank Hann National Park, a distance of 180 km between
populations. A further collection was made by A.J. Hart (1985), however the locality is unknown. This species grows
on loam or sandy loam in low Eucalyptus woodland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Marvel Loch Mer Yil - 23.8.79 Scattered -

2 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 13.8.85 Common -
Unknown


A. asepala ms is common and apparently secure in Frank Hann National Park, however a survey in 1993 failed to
relocate this population (no. 2). Mollemans et al. (1993) unsuccessfully searched for the Marvel Loch population.
This species has the potential to be distributed through largely inaccessible, Vacant Crown Land to the north of Frank
Hann National Park. Further survey is required.
References
Mollemans et al. (1993).
216
Acacia carnosula Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A spreading, domed or more or less straggly shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are broader towards the mid-
upper section (5-10 x 1-2.5 mm), thick, slightly fleshy, hairless and rounded at the tip; an inconspicuous gland is located
2-4.5 mm above the base. The light golden heads are globular (3-3.5 mm), 9-11 flowered and borne on stalks (4-6 mm)
with 1 or 2 per node. Legumes are linear (to 40 x 3.5 mm), hairless, dark-brown and sometimes slightly constricted
between the seeds which are arranged longitudinally.
A. carnosula ms is possibly related to A. profusa which lacks bracteoles in the flower heads, has more linear phyllodes
and seeds arranged sideways in the legume.

A. carnosula ms is confined to the Caiguna-Eyre-Cocklebiddy area, except for one collection near Israelite Bay, over
200 km south-east. It grows in calcareous sand, loamy sand or clay loam over limestone pavement, in open shrub or tree
mallee.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Caiguna,S Esp Dund VCL 27.8.83 - -

2a Cocklebiddy,S Esp Dund NR 11.7.74 - -
2b Eyre,NNW Esp Dund NR 4.10.74 Scattered -
2c Eyre,NW Esp Dund NR 28.8.91 Occasional -
3 Twilight Cove Esp Dund NR 9.8.82 - -
4 Israelite Bay,W Esp Esp NR 14.8.80 - -
Unknown


A. carnosula ms should remain secure in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve. Further survey is required.
217
Acacia castanostegia Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A rounded, intricate, prickly shrub, 0.7 m tall and 1-2 m diameter. Branchlets yellow-ribbed. The phyllodes ('leaves')
are held at right-angles to the stem, rigid, quadrangular (5-30 x 1 mm) with a nerve along the ridge of each angle, and
have a long, sharp spine at the tip. The globular flower heads (3-5 mm) are cream and 5-flowered. Legumes are long
and narrow (40-50 x 2-3 mm) and are not contracted between the seeds.
A. castanostegia ms is closely related to A. pachypoda which has the base of the phyllode dilated where it attaches to the
stem.

A. castanostegia ms is distributed over about 200 km, mainly between Mt Holland and Hatter Hill, with more
widespread populations known from Lake Seabrook (near Koolyanobbing) and near Norseman. It grows in sand, loam
and lateritic soils, in Eucalyptus woodland open scrub or heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Lake Seabrook Mer Yil ?VCL 10.9.79 - -

2 Mt Holland,N Mer Yil VCL 23.8.79 Common -
3 Mt Holland,NNW Mer Yil VCL 30.7.69 - -
4 North Ironcap,E Nar Kon VCL 20.10.87 - -
5 North Ironcap,SE Nar Kon VCL 11.10.75 Common -
6 Lake Cronin,W Nar Kon VCL 2.11.79 Rare -
7 Forrestania Nar Kon VCL 25.7.79 - -
8 South Ironcap Nar Kon VCL 8.7.79 Frequent -
9 Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 1 Good
10 Norseman,SE Esp Dund VCL 1.4.89 - -
Unknown


A. castenostegia ms is widespread, with much of its distribution being in Vacant Crown Land with poor access.
Mollemans et al. (1993) suggested that road works along the Southern Cross-Forrestania Road may have affected the
populations north of Mt Holland (populations 2 and 3). Further survey is warranted.
References
Mollemans et al. (1993).
218
Acacia incanicarpa A.R.Chapman & Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A bushy shrub, 1-2.5 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are narrow-oblong to elliptic (40-75 x 7-14 mm) with a blunt point at
the tip, leathery in texture, silvery grey-green, and have 1 or 3 main nerves with numerous, fine, parallel nerves in
between. The light golden flowers heads are oblong-shaped (7-10 x 4-5 mm) and borne on stalks (2-3 mm) which are
solitary in axils of the phyllodes. Legumes are linear (to 100 x 4-5 mm) with the dark brown seeds (3-5 mm) arranged
longitudinally.
A. incanicarpa ms bears some resemblance to A. tarculensis which grows in South Australia.
Flowering Period: November - January, April

A. incanicarpa ms is geographically restricted to the Cape Le Grand National Park. It grows in pockets of loamy sand
on granitic slopes and ridges in open scrub, open heath and low shrubland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Frenchman Peak Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 20+ Good

2a Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 - -
2b Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP - 2+ Good
3 'Hill 49' Esp Esp NP 9.11.79 - -
4* Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 15-30 Good
* = new population
Unknown


A number of small populations of A. incanicarpa ms occur in the Cape Le Grand National Park where they should
remain secure. Further survey is required around granite outcrops in the Park.
219
Acacia kerryana Maslin MIMOSACEAE
A spreading, rather dense shrub, 50-60 cm tall and up to 2 m diameter. The smooth, slightly shiny branchlets are
somewhat flexible towards their tips. Phyllodes ('leaves') are light olive green, long and narrow (8-16 cm x 0.5 mm),
cylindrical, almost grass-like in appearance and often have a curled tip; there are 8 fine, impressed nerves which become
slightly raised on drying; a gland, which is not prominent, occurs on the upper surface of the phyllode some distance
above the base. The light golden flower heads are shortly oblong (6-7 x 4 mm), 12-15 flowered and borne on stalks (6-
13 mm), with 2-3 in each axil. Flowers are 4-merous. Legumes are twisted and coiled (to 8.5 cm) with the margins
constricted between the seeds.
Flowering Period: October, February

Acacia kerryana is known from only four localities distributed over 200 km, from Lake Cronin to near Norseman, and
north to Spargoville. It appears always to be associated with low rocky hills where it grows in granitic loamy sand, red-
brown loam or red clayey loam. It may occur in association with various other species of Acacia, Allocasuarina
campestris, Triodia scariosa and mallee eucalypts.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Bremer Range Esp Dund VCL 28.12.83 - -

2 Norseman,NE Esp Dund - 31.10.80 Scattered -
3 Spargoville,S Gold Cool ?VCL 16.2.81 - -
4 Lake Cronin,NW Mer Yil VCL 7.10.81 Rare -
Unknown


The population north-east of Norseman was not relocated in a survey of the Jimberlana Hill area in November 1992.
A. kerryana is not known in any conservation reserve.
References
Maslin (1982).
220
Acacia nitidula Benth. MIMOSACEAE
A diffuse or bushy shrub, 0.4-2.0 m tall and 0.5-1.0 m wide, which lacks hairs and is occasionally glutinous. Young
branches are reddish-brown and smooth. Phyllodes ('leaves') are linear (12-35 mm), rather thick, rigid, prominently 2-
or 3-nerved and have an obtuse or minute callous point. Flowers heads are small, globular, 12-20 flowered and borne
on slender stalks (4-8 mm) which are usually in pairs in the axils. Flowers are mostly 5-merous.

Acacia nitidula is widespread, with populations known in Cape Arid and Cape Le Grand National Parks, on Middle
Island and west of Ravensthorpe, a range of over 300 km. It typically grows in shallow loamy sand over granite.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1a Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 1 000+ Good

1b* Barrier Anchorage,S Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 500+ Good
2 Belinup Hill Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 100+ Good
3 Middle Island Esp Esp NR 22.11.73 - -
4* Mt Baring Esp Esp NR 25.4.93 20+ Good
5* Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 500+ Good
6 Ravensthorpe,W Alb Rav - 13.9.71 - -
Unknown


A. nitidula is common on granite complexes in the Cape Arid and Cape Le Grand National Parks where it is secure at
present. Further survey is required in the Ravensthorpe District, as this population appears anomalous.
References
Bentham (1864).
221
Acacia ophiolithica R.S.Cowan and Maslin MIMOSACEAE
A rounded shrub, 0.3 to 2 m tall, with yellowish-green foliage. Branchlets are smooth and cylindrical to slightly angled.
Phyllodes ('leaves') are bright green, cylindrical (20-45 x 1 mm) with the apex narrowed, crowded, smooth, have 4 or 8
obscure immersed nerves, and a fine oblique spine at the tip. The golden flower heads are globular (to 3.5 mm), 10-15
flowered, with 2 borne per axil on long stalks (to 13 mm). Legumes are straight or slightly curved, linear (to 37 mm),
slightly raised over the seeds and have conspicuous, thickened margins.
A. ophiolithica is closely related to A. uncinella which has more phyllode nerves. A. binata resembles A. ophiolithica
and occurs in the same area; it has 3 obscure nerves, obtuse phyllodes, larger flowers in short 2-headed racemes, and
more or less coiled pods.

A. ophiolithica is restricted to and locally common on the Jerdacuttup River area, east of Ravensthorpe. A collection by
Maxwell, last century, was from the Oldfield River area. It grows in yellow brown sandy clay or loamy clay on or near
rocky riverbanks, in association with mallee shrubland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav Rd Verge 27.11.81 Dense -

2 Ravensthorpe Range Alb Rav VCL 27.10.87 Scattered -
3 Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav Rd Verge 25.9.83 Common -
4 Kundip,E Alb Rav - 11.8.88 - -
5 Nth Jerdacuttup Rd Alb Rav - 4.10.83 - -
6 Mt Desmond,E Alb Rav - 30.12.83 - -
7 Oldfield River ?Esp Rav - 1800s - -
tributary
Unknown


A. ophiolithica appears to be common in the Ravensthorpe Range and may occur within the Kundip Nature Reserve.
Negotiations between the Shire, CALM and DEP are in progress to vest the Ravensthorpe Range as a reserve.
References
222
Acacia profusa Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A compact to open shrub, to 1 m tall. Branchlets are hairless, sometimes resinous, and yellow-orange in colour.
Phyllodes ('leaves') lack hairs, are linear (7-15 x 1-1.5 mm), narrowed at the base, slightly thickened, with a sharp point
to one side of the tip; a gland exists 0.2-1.5 mm above the base. The surface of the phyllodes sometimes has a waxy,
powdery secretion (pruinose) giving it a bluish appearance. The golden flower heads are globular (4.5-5 mm), 10-17
flowered with 1 or 2 borne on a stalk (9-16 mm) in a phyllode axis. Legumes are oblong to narrowly oblong (to 25 x
10-12 mm) and prominently raised over the seeds alternatively on each side. Seeds are arranged sideways in the
legume.
Acacia profusa ms resembles variants of A. lachnophylla which can be recognised by branchlets being hairy, the
phyllodes having a distinct mid-nerve and the gland occurring more than 5 mm above the phyllode stalk, and legumes
that are narrow and coiled.

A. profusa ms is distributed over an area of about 180 km, between Frank Hann National Park and Mt Ridley, and
northward to Kumarl. It grows in clay or sandy loam on flats in open shrub mallee, open dwarf scrub or low heath.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Mt Ridley Esp Esp VCL 23.5.93 2 000+ Good

2 Kumarl Esp Esp - 10.34 - -
3 Salmon Gums Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 20+ -
4 Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 20+ -
5a Grass Patch,N Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 23.10.69 - -
5b Grass Patch,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 20.11.92 2 Average
6a Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 100+ Good
6b Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 500+ Good
7 Grass Patch,S Esp Esp - 1.9.47 - -
23.9.92 Not found -
8 ?Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 11.10.65 - -
9 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 2.8.80 - -
10a Rollond Rd Esp Esp ?VCL 28.9.84 - -
10b* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 200+ Good
11 Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 10-20 Vulnerable
12* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 36 Vulnerable
13* Williams Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 20+ Good
14* Starcevich Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 23.9.92 10 Disturbed
Unknown
223

A. profusa ms is a widespread species which has been poorly collected. It should remain secure in the Frank Hann
National Park. The majority of known populations are on narrow road reserves in the Salmon Gums-Grass Patch area;
these are vulnerable in the long term.
In 1992, surveys for the collections of A. profusa ms referred to by Gardner in 1934 as "near Kumarl" and by Willis in
1947 as "S of Grass Patch...." failed to relocate these populations.
224
Acacia tetraptera Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A spreading shrub, 0.2-0.7 m tall, with slender branches. Young branches are covered in soft, felty hairs. Phyllodes
('leaves') are hairless, squarish (2.5-4 x 2-4 mm), with raised nerves that give the appearance of 4 small wings; the tip is
a sharp spine. The bright golden flower heads are globular (4-5 mm), 20-30 flowered and borne on stalks (4-8 mm) with
2 per node. Legumes are almost cylindrical (to 20 x 2 mm) and strongly arched, leathery in texture, hairless and black.
Seeds (2 mm) are arranged lengthwise in the legume and are mottled grey and black with a conical, yellow appendage
(aril).
This species does not have any close relatives.

Acacia tetraptera ms is distributed over more than 200 km, occurring from near Hyden and Mt Holland south-east to
near Grass Patch. It grows in loam or sand over clayey loam.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 13.9.92 50-100 Disturbed

2 Peak Eleanora,W Esp Esp NP 7.9.83 - -
3a Peak Charles,NE Esp Esp VCL 17.9.93 1 000+ Good
3b Peak Charles,NE Esp Esp VCL 6.9.76 - -
4 Peak Charles,NW Esp Esp VCL 17.9.93 50+ Post-fire
5 Grass Patch,E Esp Esp - 2.7.76 Occasional -
23.9.92 Not found -
6a Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 9.8.78 - -
6b Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 10.12.71 - -
7a Grass Patch,ENE Esp Esp Water Res. 23.9.92 15+ Good
7b Grass Patch,ENE Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1.10.83 - -
8 Northover Soak Esp Rav VCL 6.9.83 - Post-fire
9 Mt Day,S Esp Dund VCL 28.12.83 - -
10 Mt Holland,S Mer Yil VCL 5.2.87 - -
11 Bounty Mine,W Mer Yil VCL 29.2.92 - -
12 The Pimple Nar Kulin NR 18.6.84 - -
Unknown

225
A. tetraptera ms appears to be widespread through Vacant Crown Land, with the southern limit of its distribution (Fields
Rd) abutting agricultural land. Most of the area is undisturbed and largely inaccessible.
A. tetraptera ms occurs in two National Parks and one Nature Reserve. It readily regenerates after fire (pop. nos. 3a and
8).
226
Acrotriche patula R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE
A rigid, stout, widely branching shrub, 0.4-1.2 m tall and 0.5-0.6 m wide. Young stems are slightly hairy. Leaves are
bluish-green, lanceolate (6-12 x 2-5 mm) and have a stiff, sharp, spiny tip; the upper surface is shiny. Clusters of 6-12
flowers are borne in axils of the leaves. The green corolla tube (3-4 mm) has a white streak extending from the throat to
halfway down the tube along the lines of fusion; corolla lobes (1.5-2.5 mm) have reflexed hairs at their apex which tend
to form a line, linking the hairs at the throat. The ovary is hairless, the style short and the stigma flat. The pink fruit is
shiny, globular (2-3 mm) and wrinkled.
Acrotriche patula was first described from South Australian collections. The Western Australian variant has larger
flowers which are darker green than the eastern states variety.
Flowering Period: May, September - October

A. patula occurs between Marvel Loch and Hatter Hill, distributed over about 160 km. It grows in red-brown sandy clay
on stony, breakaway slopes (quartz and ironstone) or on undulating plain in mallee, scrub or open scrub.
Along the eastern south coast, A. patula grows between Madura and Eucla. In South Australia, it occurs on the Eyre
Peninsula, Mt Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island. Along the southern coast it grows in calcareous sandy soil associated
with outcropping limestone.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Parker Range Tank Mer Yil VCL & ?NR 31.8.90 626 Healthy
2 Parker Range,S Mer Yil NR 18.10.90 20 Healthy
3 Cockatoo Tank Mer Yil ?Water Res. 19.10.90 1 Healthy
4 Lake Cronin,SW Nar Kon VCL 3.10.79 - -
5a Hatter Hill Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 50+ Good
5b Hatter Hill,S Esp Rav VCL 4.9.70 - -
6a Eucla,N Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 30.8.74 - -
6b Eucla Esp Dund ?MRWA Rd Res. 2.8.79 Occasional -
7 Madura Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 5.9.63 Uncommon -
Unknown

Unknown

A. patula appears to be reasonably secure in the Marvel Loch-Hatter Hill region, although populations in the mining
lease at Hatter Hill need to be monitored (Mollemans et al. 1993).
227
Little is known of the populations along the eastern south coast, although the species is relatively common in South
Australia where it extends across the Great Australian Bight on limestone areas (J. Powell, personal communication).
Further taxonomic work is required to determine whether there are two distinct taxa (inland and coastal) of A. patula.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1981), Mollemans et al. (1993), Paterson (1960).
228
Andersonia macranthera F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect, moderately open shrub, 10-30 cm tall, with the main stems frequently bare of leaves, giving the plant a slender
appearance. Leaves (2-6 x 1-2 mm) are stem-clasping, closely overlapping, wide at the base and narrowing to the tip.
Leaf tips are triangular or near cylindrical, erect or incurved, not twisted, and have a small, sharp spine at the apex. The
pink flowers are single and terminal; sepals (7 mm) are either hairless or slightly hairy; the corolla is shorter than the
calyx and is bearded inside below the middle. Staminal filaments are rather stout, thickened and bear lateral tufts of
long hairs below the anthers; filaments are about the same length as the anthers, which are attached at their base. The
style lacks hairs and is somewhat thickened below the middle, tapering towards the base; the stigma is club-shaped.
Flowering Period: May - August

Andersonia macranthera is distributed over 270 km, from near the Young River to Israelite Bay. It grows in deep white
sand on sandplain in tall shrubland to low mixed heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Eld Rd Esp Esp NR 29.3.83 50+ Good

2 Coolingup Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.10.92 100+ Good
3 Styles Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 2.7.84 - -
4 Gibson,N Esp Esp - 10.8.51 - -
5 West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. Pre 9.92 - Burnt
6 Balladonia Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. & VCL 25.4.93 20+ Good
7* Fisheries Rd Esp Esp NP 19.4.93 120+ Good
8* Daringdella Lake Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 50+ Good
9* Mt Baring,N Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 2 000+ Good
10* Boolenup Walk Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 20+ Good
* = new population
Unknown

May be susceptible.

A. macranthera has been poorly collected. Recent surveys have found this species to be a common component of
heathlands between Mt Baring and Israelite Bay in the Cape Arid National Park and Nuytsland Nature Reserve.
A. macranthera is secure in at least one National Park and two Nature Reserves.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1981), Watson (1962).
229
Angasomyrtus salina Trudgen & Keighery MYRTACEAE
A low, widely spreading shrub, to 40 cm tall and 2 m diameter. Young branches, very young leaves and flowers are
finely and sparsely covered in short, soft hairs. Leaves are clustered at the ends of branches, narrow (4-6 x 1-1.5 mm),
thick, concave, yellow-green and dotted with glands. Flowers are small (4-6 mm across petals), and solitary in the axils
of leaf-like bracts. The very pale pink or white petals are about twice the length of the calyx lobes. There are 16-19
stamens arranged in 2 whorls, the outer whorl being longer (0.4-0.6 mm) than the inner whorl. The fruit is a capsule.
Flowering Period: December - February

Angasomyrtus salina is distributed over about 80 km, between Truslove and Mt Heywood. It is restricted to the low
marginal sand dunes immediately above high water of salt lakes. Associated genera include Melaleuca and
Leucopogon.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Truslove Esp Esp ?NR 8.2.77 - -

2* Truslove Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 20+ Good
3 Gibson,N Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.11.92 20 Good
4a Dempster Rd Esp Esp NR 25.9.92 1 000+ Good
4b* Dempster Rd Esp Esp VCL 25.9.92 100+ Good
5 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Unburnt
21.5.93 1 000+ Seedl. Post-fire
6* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good
Regenerates from seed after fire. Thousands of post-fire seedlings were observed in population 5, 28 months after the
burn.

Unknown

Although A. salina has a very restricted habitat, it is rarely cleared for agricultural purposes. Indirect effects from
clearing of land, such as increased salinity and waterlogging of salt lakes and watercourses, may have an adverse effect
on this species. Monitoring of populations occurring in agricultural areas is recommended.
This species is secure in two Nature Reserves, and is probably common around the margins of the many salt lakes in
unvested Crown Land north of Mt Ridley and westwards to Mt Heywood.
References
Burgman (1985b), Newbey (1983), Trudgen and Keighery (1983).
230
Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald (G.J.Keighery 8376) EPACRIDACEAE
A low, multistemmed shrub, 5-25 cm tall. Leaves are erect, grey-green, lanceolate (8 x 1.2 mm), flat or slightly
incurved, with a very fine, sharp yellow point at the tip. The red flowers (10 mm) are solitary in leaf axils occurring
midway along the branches. The corolla tube is narrowly tapered towards the apex, white hairy at the throat and smooth
below; calyx lobes (4 mm) are acute.

Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald is distributed over 320 km, between the Fitzgerald River and Clyde Hill. It grows in white or
red sandy clay, or stony sand in mallee heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Clyde Hill,SSW Esp Esp - 3.5.83 - -

2 Condingup,SE Esp Esp Private 12.4.65 - Vulnerable
3 Mt Drummond,W Alb Rav NP 24.4.66 - -
4 Thumb Peak Alb Rav NP 11.5.86 Common -
Appears to be a disturbance opportunity. Two of the collections have been made after disturbance, being common near
Thumb Peak after fire, and near Condingup, it "grows well after first ploughing".

Unknown

References
231
Astroloma sp. Grass Patch (A.J.G.Wilson 110) EPACRIDACEAE
A multistemmed, domed shrub, about 40 cm tall. Young branches are covered in long white hairs which disappear with
age. Leaves are narrow-linear (10-15 x 1 mm), numerous, margins are curled backwards (revolute) and the apex has a
long sharp spine; the upper surface is green and sparsely covered in short hairs, while the lower surface is pale green
with dense, short matted hairs. Flowers are borne in the axils of leaves, usually in near opposite pairs; the calyx is dull
pinkish-red, erect (about 10 x 3 mm) and swollen towards the base, the outer surface is sparsely covered with short white
hairs, the inner surface lacks hairs; the corolla is dark red and covered with long silky hairs on the outside and bearded
inside. The anthers are completely enclosed in the corolla tube.
Flowering Period: June

Astroloma sp. Grass Patch is known from near Coolbidge Creek to the east of Grass Patch, a range of about 30 km. It
grows in grey-white fine sand over clay on the margins of salt lakes, associated with myrtaceous shrubs and halophytes.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1a Ridley Rd,N Esp Esp Private 20.9.88 30 Healthy

1b Kents Rd,S Esp Esp Private }
2 Kents Rd,S Esp Esp NR } 20.9.88 200+ Healthy
3 Ridley Rd,S Esp Esp Private }
4 Coolbidge Creek Esp Esp Private 22.6.90 - -
Unknown

Unknown

On present knowledge, A. sp. Grass Patch appears to have both specific habitat requirements and a very restricted range.
Annette Wilson (personal communication) made a comprehensive survey of salt lakes in the Scaddan-Grass Patch
region in 1988, and she states that "the sandy lake shores on which this species has been found are rare in the area and it
is likely that the populations discovered represent much of the range".
Recent land clearing for agriculture may adversely affect the habitat of this species by increasing the salinity and
occurrence of waterlogging in the salt lakes where A. sp. Grass Patch grows. Although one population exists in a Nature
Reserve, it must be considered vulnerable.
The owners of the property to the south of Ridley Rd were going to fence population 3 in 1988-89. This has not been
confirmed.
232
Banksia epica A.S.George PROTEACEAE
A much-branched and spreading bushy shrub to 3.5 m tall. Leaves are wedge-shaped (15-50 x 6-15 mm) being flattened
at the apex and narrowing to the base of the leaf; margins are shortly serrated. The upper surface of leaves are covered
with short, matted, rust-coloured hairs when young, becoming scaly with age; the lower surface is woolly. Flower heads
are cylindrical (9-17 x 6-6.5 cm). Flowers are pale yellow; the style cream, and the apex of the pollen presenter purple.
Each head may have up to 50 follicles (13-20 x 6-9 mm) which are largely covered by old flowers for several years.
The seed (22-24 mm) has a notched wing and the body is covered with scattered small ridges.
Banksia epica is closely related to B. praemorsa and B. media. B. media has longer leaves (110-120 mm) and a fruiting
cone where the persistent old flower parts are straight and point downwards, whereas with B. epica they are curled and
point upwards. B. praemorsa is restricted to the Albany region.
Pollinators of B. epica include the New Holland Honey Eater and the Yellow Rumped Thornbill.

B. epica is known from only two localities on the western coast of the Great Australian Bight. It grows in deep white
sand, atop the coastal limestone cliffs or in secondary sand dunes, in heath. Associated species may include B. media, B.
speciosa, Melaleuca uncinata, Calothamnus sp., Adenanthos sp. and Eucalyptus mallee.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Toolinna Cove Esp Dund NR 14.8.91 350 Healthy

2 Point Culver,W Esp Dund NR 15.6.89 2 000+ Healthy
George (1987) suggests that B. epica is probably killed by fire and regenerates from seed.


Both known populations are undisturbed and secure within the Nuytsland Nature Reserve. Due to the remote location,
and the probability that more populations may occur in the largely inaccessible area where B. epica grows, this species is
unlikely to be at risk.
References
George (1987).
233
Bentleya diminuta Crisp & J.M.Taylor PITTOSPORACEAE
A small colony of rosettes of 6-20 leaves or short leafy stems, up to 5 cm tall and 3-4 cm broad, with horizontal
rhizomes at a depth of 3-10 cm. The grey-green leaves are broader towards the apex (obovate, 5-20 x 2-7 mm), and are
covered in soft hairs when younger which largely disappear with age. Flowers are solitary, erect, tubular, greenish with
long stamens (15-27 mm) exserted beyond the petals (8-12 mm); the ovary (5-6 mm) is densely covered with long,
spreading white hairs. The maturing flower bends towards the ground as the fruit develops.
Fruiting Period: October - November

Bentleya diminuta is known from one locality, extending from the north-west to the south-west of Mt Ragged. It grows
in red-brown sand and red sandy clay with calcareous nodules over limestone. Associated vegetation is usually mallee
which may include Eucalyptus cooperiana, E. redunca, E. uncinata, E. tetragona and Melaleuca pentagona.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 2 000+ Post-fire
In April 1993, B. diminuta was observed resprouting after a hot burn in February 1991. Rosettes were most abundant
along the verge of the track; those away from the track tended to be beneath or close to mallees.

Unknown

All known collections are from a limited area along roadsides within the Cape Arid National Park. Additional
populations may exist in the surrounding region, which has not been surveyed (Crisp and Taylor 1990). Further survey
is recommended.
References
Crisp and Taylor (1990).
234
Boronia coriacea Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE
A small shrub, about 50 cm tall. Young branches have faint glandular-warty projections and are covered in minute soft
hairs in two opposite sunken grooves, otherwise the plant is hairless. Leaves (10-50 mm) have 3 or 5 leaflets which are
narrow, broader towards the apex than the base (12 x 1-5 mm), flat, thick and have a slightly rounded apex. Pink
flowers are borne in clusters at the ends of branches on stalks (3 mm); the 4 petals (5 mm) overlap each other at the
base.
Boronia coriacea resembles B. inornata which can be distinguished by its linear-cylindrical leaflets and the youngest
branches which lack the two sunken grooves filled with short hairs.
Flowering Period: April, October - November

B. coriacea is known from only a restricted area of about 15 km along the scarp west of Israelite Bay. It grows in
shallow calcareous soil ('marl') over limestone both in sand-heath and in mallee vegetation.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Gora Road Esp Esp NP 4.10.70 - -

2a Sheoaks Hill,SE Esp Esp NR 21.4.93 500+ Good
2b Sheoaks Hill,SE Esp Esp NR 21.4.93 10+ Good
3 Tooklejenna Rock,N Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 1 000+ Good
Unknown

Unknown

B. coriacea is restricted geographically, although within its known range it is relatively common and secure.
All the known collections are from a limited area along tracks within the Nuytsland Nature Reserve. Additional
populations may exist along the escarpment, which has not been surveyed. Monitoring is required.
References
Wilson (1971).
235
Caesia viscida Keighery ANTHERICACEAE
A perennial herb to 30 cm tall and 30 cm wide, arising from a shortly-branched rhizome, with 6-20 flowering shoots
produced annually. The rhizome is covered by dense brown fibres. Roots are white and tuberous below the rhizome to
about 5 mm diameter, becoming slender at depth. Leaves are erect, without hairs and sticky; the blades (150-300 x 5-6
mm) are channelled, with 6-8 prominent veins; the apex has a long, stiff sharp point. Flower heads are short (60-100
mm) and spreading with a white axis and 3-6 branches (to 60 mm); the lowest bract, situated below the branches, is leaf-
like and sticky. Flowers (4-6 mm) have 3 outer perianth segments that are brown-green on the outside and white inside,
3 white inner perianth segments and the stamens in 2 whorls; staminal filaments are flattened, anthers are yellow; the
ovary is green (1 mm) and the style white. Capsular fruits are 3-lobed (4-5 mm) and green when mature. Seeds (1.5
mm) are very shiny and black, with a large, fleshy appendage (aril) which is white with a black margin.

Caesia viscida is known only from the site where it was originally collected in Cape Arid National Park. It grows in
Banksia speciosa shrubland on low sand dunes.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Tagon Bay Rd Esp Esp NP 23.11.93 - -
Unknown

Unknown

A search in the general area of the known population failed to find any plants in April 1993. The vegetation and habitat
where this species grows also occurs in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve and nearby Cape Le Grand National Park
(Keighery 1990). Further survey is required.
References
Keighery (1990).
236
Calandrinia porifera Syeda PORTULACACEAE
A succulent herb with numerous flowering stems, 3-9 cm long arising from the basal tuft of leaves. Leaves are many at
the base in a tuft, as well as on the upper part of the flowering stems, obovate (1-3.5 x 1-1.3 mm), and opposite or
alternate. Flowers are borne on stalks (3-5 mm) which have small, opposite bracts; sepals are broad-ovate (1.5-2 x 2-2.5
mm) and thin; the 5 petals are narrow-elliptic (1-2 x 0.4-1 mm); the 5-7 stamens have their filaments united at the base
to form a ring around the ovary; the globular ovary is translucent and has 4 stigmata (0.3 mm) which are free to the base.
The capsule opens by a single pore to release about 10 red-brown, glossy seeds (0.3 x 0.2 mm).

Calandrinia porifera is known only from a few widely distributed localities, between Boorabbin and Fitzgerald River
National Park, a distance of about 300 km. Inland, this species grows on skeletal soils of inner aprons of granite rocks,
and towards the coast it grows along rivers.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Cascades Rd Esp Esp Private & 10.10.68 - -

?NR 9.9.93 Not found -
2 Cundeelee Mission Gold Bldr AR 1967 - -
3 Boorabbin Gold Cool NP 1988 - -
4 Jilbadgi Mer Yil NR 1988 - -
5 Fitzgerald River Alb ?Rav NP 1988 - -
Unknown

Unknown

The majority of sightings have been by K. Newbey (personal communication) who states ".. while the taxon is not
common, I feel that I have probably seen enough plants in conservation areas to suggest that it should be 'safe'".
Newbey also indicates that this taxon flowers prolifically, with a moderate to high seed set, suggesting that the soil seed
bank should be adequate for long term survival.
In spring 1993, a survey for the population on the edge of the Nature Reserve (pop. no. 1), failed to locate this species.
The population may have been cleared for agriculture. The three populations referred to by K. Newbey (personal
communication) are not represented in the Western Australian Herbarium. Further survey is required.
References
Syeda (1980).
237
Calochilus sp. Hopetoun (H.Taylor s.n.) ORCHIDACEAE
Mallee Beard Orchid
An orchid with insignificant leaves that are reduced to a tiny bract. The dorsal and lateral sepals (to 5 mm) are bluntly
pointed and pale green with dark red stripes. The petals and column are similarly coloured and contained within the
sepals. The small flowers (5-15 mm) are cup-like, appear to self-pollinate, and rarely have more than one flower (of a
spike of 10-12 flowers) open at a time.
This orchid has affinity to Calochilus campestris. In Western Australia, there are three species of Calochilus
recognised, all of which are undescribed. C. sp. Hopetoun is distinguished from C. aff. robertsonii by having a shorter
labellum and shorter labellum hairs.

C. sp. Hopetoun is known from three widely separated localities, at Point Charles, Hopetoun and near Eyre, a range of
650 km. It grows in calcareous sand in coastal scrub communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Hopetoun Alb Rav VCL 26.10.92 30 Vulnerable

2 Point Charles Alb Rav NP 22.10.92 5 -
3 Eyre Esp Esp NR 10.93 3 Good
Unknown


In 1992, the Fitzgerald River National Park Association received a grant from the Gordon Reid Foundation to search for
this orchid. They were unsuccessful in finding more populations, despite extensive surveys through the Park. The
recent discovery of a few plants both at Point Charles and near Eyre, suggests that this taxon may be more widespread
than originally believed. There are unconfirmed reports of C. sp. Hopetoun occurring at Chillinup Rd (Albany District),
near West Mt Barren, and north of Cape Le Grand. Further survey is required.
References
Esperance Express 11 Aug. 1992, Hoffman and Brown (1992), Robinson and Coates (1995).
238
Chthonocephalus multiceps J.H.Willis ASTERACEAE
A semi-prostrate, rosetted annual herb, about 7 cm tall. Basal leaves are broadest towards the tip (oblanceolate, 25 mm)
and slightly hairy; uppermost leaves are obovate (3-5 mm), hairy, with long hairs at the tip. The compound flower heads
are very numerous (to 40 per plant), globular and of varying sizes (5-12 mm diam.), congested and lack stalks. The 4-7
inner involucral bracts are hairless, whereas the outer bract is covered in long hairs. The tubular florets (2-2.5 mm) have
5 conspicuous lobes; uppermost florets have a hairy subtending scale and reduced pappus. The achene (0.5-0.8 mm) is
triquetrous. The style (0.5-1 mm) is divided at the tip.
The genus Chthonocephalus was revised by Short (1990) who concluded that the taxon C. multiceps should be excluded
from Chthonocephalus as it differs in features of the fruit and bracts from the rest of the genus. The taxon is more
closely related to Calocephalus aervoides which occurs on the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, and Short (1990) considers
both taxa should probably be referred to a separate genus.

Chthonocephalus multiceps was first collected from the Balladonia homestead in 1947, and has only been collected
from one other locality about 65 km to the west, near Boingaring Rocks. It grows in granitic, loamy sand over granite
bedrock, associated with ephemeral Helipterum species.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Balladonia Homestead Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 31.8.47 - -

2 Boingaring Rocks,ESE Esp Dund NR 11.9.80 - -
Unknown


Although C. multiceps appears to be rare, Willis (1952) reports, "it is only to be expected that it will prove to have a
wide distribution in the botanically little-known south-eastern part of Western Australia." The Boingaring Rocks
population is in a very remote part of the Dundas Nature Reserve and is unlikely to be disturbed. Further taxonomic
work and survey are required.
References
Short (1990), Willis (1952).
239
Comesperma lanceolatum (R.Br.) Benth. POLYGALACEAE
A small, erect shrub (milkwort), less than 15 cm tall, with slender, hairless stems which may lie on the ground at the
base. Leaves are small, narrow-linear (4-6 mm), rather rigid, with pointed tips. Flowers are blue, pea-like with 2 wings
and a keel, and borne in short clusters (racemes) at the ends of the stems. Individual flowers have 5 oblong, thin sepals
(4 mm). The fruit is an elliptical capsule (6 x >2 mm) that tapers rather more at the base than the tip. Seeds are oblong
(3 mm) and have a tuft of long hair at the tip.

Comesperma lanceolatum is widespread along the south coast, from near Beaufort Inlet to near Cape Le Grand, a
distance of about 320 km. It grows in near-coastal sandplain in siliceous white sand or deep white sands over sandy
clays, in mixed tall shrubland on quartzite ridges, on dunes, or on the plains near wet areas. It may be associated with
Banksia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Woodup Swamp,NE Esp Esp Unvested Res. 30.12.89 28 -

2 Woolbernup Alb Rav NP 21.11.85 Rare -
3 Cape Riche,NW Alb ?Jer ?Unvested Res. 1.12.74 - -
4 No. 2 Rabbit Proof Alb ?Jer - 30.11.60 - -
Fence
Unknown

Unknown

Collections of this species were made last century by Robert Brown from the "South coast, east of King George's
Sound" (Bentham 1863), and by Maxwell "on fairly wet plains near Warriup" (Mueller in Leigh et al. 1984).
K. Newbey (personal communication) has recorded it from areas east of Cape Riche to at least Hopetoun, with a few
plants occurring in the Fitzgerald River National Park; at all localities it was rare. More recently, a population has been
found south-east of Mt Merivale. Further survey is required, particularly in Cape Le Grand National Park.
References
Bentham (1863), Leigh et al. (1984), Robinson and Coates (1995).
240
Conospermum filifolium subsp. sigmoideum E.M.Benn. ms PROTEACEAE
The typical form of Conospermum filifolium is white, whereas subsp. sigmoideum ms has pale blue flowers.

C. filifolium subsp. sigmoideum ms is known only from two areas over 200 km apart; one in Frank Hann National Park
and the other near North Tarin Rock. It grows in yellow sand in heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 17.9.93 50+ Good

2 Frank Hann Esp Dund NP 17.9.93 20 Good
3a Nth Tarin Rock Kat Dum NR 13.9.75 - -
3b Kukerin,N Kat Dum - 16.10.83 - -
Unknown

Unknown

241
Dampiera decurrens Rajput & Carolin GOODENIACEAE
A stiff, robust perennial to 1 m tall, with narrowly winged stems. Leaves are without stalks, ovate-elliptic with a broad
base (12-40 x 5-23 mm) and have a toothed margin. Clusters of flowers (cymes) have up to 3 branches together (60
mm) each bearing to 12 flowers borne on stalks (3.5-5.2 mm). The sepals are almost obsolete. The deep blue corolla
(to 12 mm) has fine grey hairs on the outside and broad wings (3.5-4 mm wide) on the lobes. The ovary is bilocular (4
mm) and shiny.

Dampiera decurrens occurs on the south coast from Two Peoples Bay eastwards to the Cape Le Grand National Park. It
grows on skeletal soils on granite outcrops near the coast.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 10 Good

3 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.66 - -
4 Hellfire Bay Esp Esp NP 14.11.76 - -
5* Thistle Cove,E Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 10+ Good
6* Lucky Bay Rd Esp Esp NP 8.10.92 5+ Good
7 Sandy Hook Is. Esp Esp - 10.11.50 - -
8 Mt Gardner Alb Alb NR 1800s - -
9 Cheyne Beach Alb Alb - 1800s - -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

D. decurrens has a very restricted habitat and range in the Cape Le Grand National Park, with individual plants usually
being widely scattered. Current information indicates that this plant is rare, but should be secure in the National Park.
The populations occurring in the Albany District were collected by George Maxwell about 100 years ago, and have not
been collected since. Further survey of granite outcrops along the south coast is required.
References
Rajput and Carolin (1988, 1992).
242
Dampiera orchardii Rajput & Carolin GOODENIACEAE
An herbaceous perennial with erect, ribbed stems which are covered in short, matted golden-yellowish hairs when
young, but become hairless with maturity; the nodes have a tuft of whitish hairs. Leaves are oblong-elliptic (0.5-1.5 x
0.6 mm) and have a wide base without stalks. Flowers are solitary or in clusters (cymes). Short, golden-yellow hairs
cover the flower stalks (1 mm), the bracteoles (usually 2) and the sepals (0.2-0.5 x 0.3 mm). The corolla lobes (about 4
mm) and ovary have short yellowish hairs on the outside; the style and indusium are hairless. Fruits (4-5 mm) are hairy.
Dampiera orchardii is possibly closely related to D. tenuicaulis which is a small, slender-stemmed shrub with bright
blue flowers (the corolla being about 10 mm long) which are covered on the outside with dense, dark, stellate hairs.

D. orchardii is known to occur south of Newdegate and north-west of Cascade on a fault line near the upper reaches of
the Young River, growing with Glishrocaryon, Dodonaea and sedges. This taxon has also been collected between
"Lake King and Ravensthorpe" and "towards Tone River".
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Young River Esp Esp - 21.10.68 - -

2 Newdegate,S Kat LG - 4.11.65 - -
3 Lake King-Ravensthorpe - - - 7.11.63 - -
4 Towards Tone River - - - 1880 - -
Unknown

Unknown

Extensive land clearing for agriculture has been carried out through the general area described by A. Orchard (personal
communication) where this species is thought to occur and since the specimen was collected near the Young River in
1968. Further survey is urgently required.
D. orchardii is not known to occur in any conservation reserve.
References
Rajput and Carolin (1988).
243
Darwinia luehmannii F.Muell. & Tate MYRTACEAE
A low spreading, domed shrub, 15-25 cm tall and 0.25-1 m wide. Leaves are crowded on the stem, dull grey-green,
slightly succulent and triangular (2-7 x 1 mm). Heads of 12-15 flowers are borne at the ends of branches; the lower part
of the calyx tube has square markings (tessellated), while the upper part has minute, pimple-like protuberances; calyx-
lobes are less than half the length of the yellow-green petals; styles are also yellow-green and extend about 6 mm beyond
the petals.
Flowering Period: May, August - November

Darwinia luehmannii occurs to the north-west and north-east of Mt Heywood. It grows in white or yellow sand or
orange-brown sandy loam around the margins of salt lakes or in depressions, in open woodland or in Melaleuca shrub
communities, associated with M. fissurata or M. uncinata.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Sheoak Hill,ESE Esp Esp VCL 29.9.83 - -

2a* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 1 Good
2b Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Good
2c* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 2 000+ Good
2d* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Good
3 Mt Heywood Esp Esp VCL 1.9.84 - -
4 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 500+ Good
21.5.93 1 000s Seedl. Post-fire
5a* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 100+ Good
5b* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 100+ Good
5c* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 50+ Good
5d* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 500+ Good
Thousands of seedlings were observed at population 4 two years after a wildfire in January 1991.

Unknown

D. luehmannii is common around salt lakes and in low depressions in Crown Land to the north of Mt Heywood.
References
244
Darwinia sp. Peak Charles (A.S.George 10627) MYRTACEAE
A shrub, 1.7 m tall. Petals white turning red.
Flowering Period: April

This Darwinia species is known only from Peak Charles, where it grows in granitic loam.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 10.4.71 - -
Unknown

Unknown

Peak Charles and the surrounding area was burnt by a hot fire in January 1991. The species was not relocated during a
survey of the area in September 1993. Further survey is required.
245
Daviesia campephylla Crisp PAPILIONACEAE
A low, spreading, often domed shrub, 0.15-0.35 m tall and 0.3-1.0 m wide, which often reproduces by suckers.
Phyllodes ('leaves') are spirally arranged, cylindrical or slightly flattened (6-12 x 1-2 mm); the upper edge is usually
slightly dilated just below the apex giving an allusion of a green caterpillar rearing from the branches, the apex has a
sharp spine on the side pointing outwards. Clusters (racemes) of 1-5 flowers are borne on short stalks (1-3 mm) in the
upper axils. The calyx (3-4 mm) has the 2 upper lobes united in a truncate lip, the lower 3 lobes are broadly triangular
(1 mm). The yellow corolla has a large upright petal (standard, 5-7 x 7 mm) and incurved wings; stamens are arranged
in 2 whorls of 5 each. Pods are triangular (6-7 x 3.5 mm) and slightly inflated.

Daviesia campephylla is known only from an area of about 15 km, to the north of Cascade. It grows in yellow sandy
clay loam with some lateritic gravel, in open shrub mallee and dwarf scrub vegetation. Associated species include
Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. forrestiana, Melaleuca uncinata, M. pentagona and M. subtrigona.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1a Griffiths Rd & Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 2 000+ Good

1b Edwards Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 5 000+ Good
2 Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 1 000+ Good
3a* Rollond Rd Esp Esp NR } 12.9.92 500+ Good
3b* Rolland Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. }
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

Current information indicates that D. campephylla has a very restricted geographical range, although it is common
within that area. It occurs in two Nature Reserves and should remain secure.
Studies to determine the reproduction biology and the response of D. campephylla to fire should be undertaken, so that
appropriate management can be carried out in the Nature Reserves.
References
246
Daviesia pauciflora Crisp PAPILIONACEAE
A slender, diffuse, rush-like shrub, 30-80 cm tall. The erect branchlets are initially compressed then become cylindrical
and ribbed. The dull green phyllodes ('leaves') are spirally arranged, long and very narrow (50-400 x 1 mm), resemble
the branchlets, have 3 prominent ribs and a sharp, spiny tip. Flowers are small, yellow streaked red and usually borne in
1-4 pairs on stalks (both peduncle and pedicel 2-3 mm long) in the axils of leaves. The calyx (4-5 mm) is somewhat
flared at the top and the lobes are very short; ribs are lacking. The corolla has a broadly elliptic upright petal (standard,
8 x 10 mm) which is mostly yellow with red towards the centre and an intense yellow oblong marking at the centre; the
wings are twisted so the apices form a 'V' which is open on the lower side, very dark red with yellow tips; the keel (5 x 2
mm) is dark red. The free stamens are arranged in 2 whorls. The shiny ovary has 2 ovules. Pods are roughly triangular-
shaped (11-14 x 6 mm). Seed is pale yellow mottled black.
Flowering Period: October - November, ?January

Daviesia pauciflora occurs between Munglinup and Gibson and extends northwards to near Cascade, with a range of
about 70 km. It grows in deep white sand or sand over laterite in shrub mallee and heath communities. Associated
genera may include Melaleuca, Lambertia, Adenanthos, Allocasuarina and Banksia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Cascades Rd Esp Esp Private 16.10.68 - -

2 Munglinup,E Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 8.1.79 - -
3 Barker Inlet,NNE Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 8.1.79 Frequent -
4 Dalyup Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 24.11.64 - -
5 Cascades Rd Esp Esp NR 9.10.84 - -
6 Gibson,NW Esp Esp - 8.12.68 - -
Unknown, but is probably a disturbance opportunist.


D. pauciflora is poorly known and possibly rare, although the habitat where it grows is relatively common to the west of
Esperance. Populations occurring along the South Coast Highway (pop. nos. 2, 3 and 4) are extremely vulnerable. In
1993, surveys for population 3 along the South Coast Highway failed to relocate this species; the MRWA road reserves
in the vicinity are very degraded and choked with weeds, particularly exotic grasses. Surveys in the Cascades area
during spring 1992 failed to locate any populations of this taxon.
247
The occurrence of D. pauciflora in Nature Reserve No. 31745, should afford this species some security, however the
size of the population is unknown. This species has not been collected for ten years; further survey is urgently required.
References
Crisp (1991).
248
Dillwynia acerosa S.Moore PAPILIONACEAE
An erect shrub to 40 cm tall. Leaves are rigid, linear (3-4 x 0.5 mm), grooved and have an obtuse tip; the margins curve
backwards towards the midrib (revolute). Solitary flowers are borne on stalks (1-2 mm) in axils of the uppermost leaves
(short corymb); the bracteoles are minute (1 mm). The calyx tube (5 mm) is shortly-hairy with acute, short lobes; the 2
upper lobes are united to about the middle. The corolla has a large upright petal (6 mm diameter) which is orange with
purple streaks; the wings and keel are equal in length (7 mm); the keel is purple with tips that are rounded and slightly
indented.
Flowering Period: August

This name has been misapplied to specimens in the Western Australian Herbarium. No specimens of this taxon are
currently known in Perth.
The type was collected "[near] Coolgardie" last century (Moore 1898). Currently, the name Dillwynia acerosa has been
applied to a taxon which is known only to occur in South Australia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Unknown

Unknown

Taxonomic work is urgently required on the genus Dillwynia (R. Cranfield, personal communication). Examination of
the type specimen of D. acerosa is needed before further field survey is carried out on this species.
References
Moore (1898).
249
Elachanthus pusillus F.Muell. ASTERACEAE
A small, multi-branched annual herb, 1-6 cm tall, which is covered with minute hairs. Leaves are alternate, narrow-
linear (about 10 mm). Flower heads are distinct, have greenish to pale yellow tubular florets only and occur at the ends
of branches. The green, involucral bracts are obovate (4-5 mm), often with long hairs (cilia) on the rounded apex, are
arranged in 2 rows, and enclose about two-thirds of the flower head. Pappus scales are numerous (12-15), short, flat,
lanceolate and minutely toothed like a saw. Fertile achenes are silky-hairy at the base.

Elachanthus pusillus is known from only three localities, 500 km apart, from east of Salmon Gums to near Cocklebiddy.
A collection was made 100 years ago from Kalgoorlie. Near Cocklebiddy, this species grows in red loam over
limestone on saline flats, in an Atriplex and Halosarcia shrubland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Orchid Rocks Esp Esp VCL 10.83 - -

2 Cocklebiddy,E Esp Dund NR 1.10.81 1 000+ -
3 Kalgoorlie Gold ?Kal - 8.1898 - -
Unknown

Unknown

The population east of Cocklebiddy should remain secure in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve.
The distance between the two most recent collections suggest that there may be other populations between them.
References
Burgman (1985b), Grieve and Blackall (1982).
250
Eremophila lactea Chinnock MYOPORACEAE
An erect, compact or spindly shrub, 1-3.5 m tall, often weeping when old. Branches are ribbed towards the apex and
prominently white-blotched in the upper parts, the blotches consisting of a dried exudate. Leaves are without stalks,
alternate, elliptic (10-31 x 2-6 mm), overlapping and normally obscuring the branch, somewhat shiny, and sticky when
young. Lilac flowers are borne on flattened stalks (2-3 mm) with 3 or 4 per axil; sepals are oblong-shaped (3-6 x 1 mm).
The 2-lipped corolla (8-13 mm) is very pale lilac and densely glandular-hairy outside, while inside the tube is deeper
lilac, purple spotted and beset with long soft hairs; the 4 stamens lack hairs; the ovary is densely hairy except for the
swollen base which is hairless. The fruit is elongated egg-shaped (3-3.5 x 1.5-2 mm) and covered with long, silky hairs.
Flowering Period: November - March

Eremophila lactea is known from an area covering approximately 15 km, which is located about 40 km west of Grass
Patch. It grows on disturbed roadside areas on light grey-brown sandy loam in very open shrub mallee. Associated
species include Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. longicornis, E. flocktoniae, Melaleuca depressa and Eremophila
chamaephila.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2‡
Known Populations

1a Williams Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 350 Vulnerable

1b Williams Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 7 Fair
1c Grass Patch W Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 200 Vulnerable
1d Grass Patch W Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 20 Fair
2 Williams Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. - Low numbers -
20.9.93 Not found -
3 Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. - 200 -
20.9.93 Not found -
A relatively short-lived, opportunistic species which is most abundant after disturbance.


Much of the area where E. lactea is distributed has been cleared for agriculture; subsequently most of the known
populations occur on road verges. R. Chinnock (personal communication) states that E. lactea has vanished from some
sites where it was previously known. Monitoring of known populations is critical.
‡
1999 status: Declared Rare Flora
251
This species is in cultivation in South Australia (R. Chinnock, personal communication).
Research to determine the reproductive biology of E. lactea is urgently required. Maintenance clearing of road verges
before plants set seed could endanger the long-term survival of E. lactea. Road markers are recommended. Further
survey is urgently required.
References
Chinnock (1985).
252
Eriostemon apiculatus Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE
A shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall, which is without hairs or only finely-hairy. Leaves are green, narrow, club-shaped (4-8 mm),
warty-glandular with a conspicuous black, shortly pointed tip. Creamy white flowers (1-4) are borne in a cluster,
surrounded by foliage leaves, at the ends of branches. Flower stalks are thick (0.5-1.5 mm long). Sepals are narrow
(1.5-2 mm long), fleshy and have a black tip; petals are narrow-oblong (6 mm) with short hairs on the inside and
towards the margin outside. Stamens (3-4 mm) are hairy, whereas the style lacks hairs; the ovary has a sparsely hairy
apex.

Eriostemon apiculatus occurs in the Norseman-Widgiemooltha area, distributed over about 100 km. It is apparently
confined to outcrops of ultrabasic rocks, growing in red-brown loam as an undershrub in open woodland, associated
with Eucalyptus flocktoniae, E. torquata, E. stricklandii or E. salubris.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Norseman Esp Dund - 17.9.65 - -

2 Red,White,Blue Esp Dund - 19.11.92 15+ Good
3 Brockway Timber Esp Dund Reserve 19.11.92 1 000+ Good
4* Coach Rd Heritage Esp Dund ?VCL 19.11.92 1 Average
5 Peninsula Esp Dund - 30.8.67 - -
6 Widgie No. 3 Gold Cool - 1.10.90 - -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

The Eriostemon apiculatus habitat appears to coincide with mining tenements, although at least one of the mines is not
working at present, i.e. the 'Peninsula'. Further survey is required.
References
Wilson (1970).
253
Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis Brooker ms MYRTACEAE
A small to medium-sized tree, to 15 m tall, with a hard black stocking (2-3 m) at the base and smooth grey bark above.
This undescribed taxon is closely related to Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. fraseri which has smooth bark. Adult leaves are
lanceolate, alternate, glossy, green to dark green and the same colour on both sides; veins are dense with very irregular,
intersectional oil glands. Unbranched clusters of 7 flowers are borne on angular stalks. Buds are with or without short,
stout stalks, egg-shaped; bud caps are conical and usually ribbed; stamens in the bud are first erect then strongly turned
downwards. Flowers are white. Fruits are cup-shaped, lack stalks, have a thick rim and a descending disc. Seed is
lustrous, red-brown and flattish with a shallow network of veins.
Flowering Period: ?March - April

E. fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms is known only in the Fraser Range area, where it grows on red calcareous loam.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Fraser Range Esp Dund Pastoral Lease, 20.11.93 3 000+ Healthy

MRWA Rd Res.
& ?VCL
Unknown

Unknown

E. fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms appears to be geographically restricted, although locally abundant in the Fraser Range.
It is not known in any conservation reserve. Liaison with the lessees of Fraser Range Station is required, to determine
the range of this taxon. Management of pastoral activities may be necessary to ensure establishment of young cohorts of
trees.
References
Brooker and Kleinig (1990).
254
Eucalyptus litorea Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE
A mallee to 6 m tall, with rough, hard bark with shallow, longitudinal furrows at the base, and smooth grey over cream
bark above. Juvenile leaves are blue-green. Adult leaves are alternating, lanceolate (to 120 x 35 mm) tapering to a long
narrow point, and slightly glossy, green; veins are dense with scattered, irregular intersectional oil glands, or sometimes
apparently glandless. Clusters of 7 flowers are borne on stout, flattened stalks (peduncles, 10-15 mm); buds are broadly
stalked (pedicellate), elongate egg-shaped (9-11 x 5-6 mm), and sometimes ribbed; bud caps are contracted to form a
beak. Flowers are creamy-white. The fruit is cup-shaped to cylindrical (8-10 x 7-9 mm), sometimes ribbed, has a thick
rim and a descending disc, and 3 or 4 valves. Seed is brown, shallowly pyramidal with the under side ribbed.
This species is related to Eucalyptus rigens, which has 3-flowered inflorescences, and E. famelica which has smooth
bark only. Neither of these species occur in the Israelite Bay area.

E. litorea is known from near Israelite Bay and north-west of Mt Baring, a distribution of 65 km. It grows in yellowish
sand around salt lakes, on the lee side of coastal dunes, and in shallow sandy loam over granite.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Daringdella Lake Esp Esp NR 6.9.84 - -

2 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 1 000+ Good
3* Point Malcolm Rd Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 500+ Good
4 Mt Baring,NW Esp Esp VCL 11.10.83 - -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

E. litorea appears to be common near Israelite Bay, although a portion of this population occurs in the camping area and
is therefore very vulnerable to fire and clearing for fuelwood. There appears to be two age structures of this population,
indicating that a fire may have burnt the sector between the fisherman's buildings and the camping area some years ago.
The population on the north side of Daringdella Lake was not relocated during a survey in April 1992; parts of this area
were burnt in October 1991. Monitoring of the known populations and further survey along the south side of
Daringdella Lake towards Point Malcolm is required.
References
Brooker and Hopper (1989), Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Newbey (1983).
255
Eucalyptus misella L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill MYRTACEAE
A low, rounded dense mallee, to 3 m tall, with smooth or matt bark of variable colour. Foliage is dense and extends to
the ground. Adult leaves are alternating, lanceolate (60-100 x 7-10 mm), held erect, at first dull, blue-green maturing
glossy green; veins are dense with very numerous intersectional oil glands. Clusters of 7 flowers are unbranched and
borne on rounded or angular stalks (peduncles, 2-8 mm). Buds have short stalks (pedicels) and are egg-shaped (5-7 x 3-
5 mm); bud caps are bluntly conical and narrower than the calyx tube at the join; stamens in the buds are first erect then
bend strongly downwards. Flowers are white. Fruits are hemispherical to conical in shape (4-5 x 6-7 mm) with a thick
rim and a ring-like disc raised free of the 3 enclosed valves. Seed is red-brown and smooth with longitudinal grooves.
Eucalyptus misella is similar to E. angustissima but differs in its wider leaves, longer peduncles and enclosed valves.

E. misella has a scattered distribution from west of Grass Patch to east of Scaddan, a geographic range of about 80 km.
It grows on sandy clays and loams, often near salt lakes or on alluvial flats near saline creeks, and in flat, sandplain
heath country associated with E. tetragona.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1a Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 <10 Vulnerable

1b Scaddan Rd Esp Esp - 17.1.85 - -
1c Scaddan Rd Esp Esp - 14.9.84 - -
2 Gibson,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 7.11.86 Frequent -
3 Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. & VCL 13.9.92 20+ Good
4 Griffiths Rd Esp Esp ?Private 7.11.86 - -
24.9.92 Not found -
Unknown

Unknown

The majority of known populations are on road reserves in areas where land has been cleared for agriculture.
Surveys along Scaddan Rd failed to relocate two sub-populations (nos. 1b and 1c) (the species was originally confused
with E. rigens, also a low, rounded mallee occurring around salt lakes), the third (pop. no. 1a) is on a degraded road
reserve which is weed invaded, providing little chance for growth of seedlings. This sub-population is vulnerable in the
long term. Road markers are required.
256
A survey for the Griffiths Rd population (no. 4) failed to relocate this species. The road reserve is extremely degraded
with few native plants remaining; the private property abutting the road is largely cleared and the vegetation remaining
around the salt lakes is grazed. Consequently, this population may have disappeared.
Further survey is urgently required. E. misella is not known to occur in any conservation reserve.
References
Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Hill and Johnson (1992).
257
Eucalyptus pterocarpa C.A.Gardner ex Lang MYRTACEAE
A small tree, 10-14 m tall, with smooth, grey over salmon to copper-coloured bark. Adult leaves are alternate,
lanceolate (85-170 x 12-30 mm), dull blue-green at first maturing glossy, bright green; the veins are very dense and
thick. Clusters of 3 flowers are unbranched and borne on angular to flattened stalks (peduncles, 7-15 mm). Buds (17-21
x 10-15 mm) are stalked (pedicellate) and strongly ribbed all over; stamens in the bud are first erect then strongly
downturned. Bud caps are conical to slightly beaked. Flowers are white. Fruits are conical (13-18 x 14-17 mm),
strongly ribbed with a thick rim, descending disc and 4 valves at rim level. The seed is ruby-red to red-brown and shiny.
The strongly ribbed buds and fruits which are a distinguishing feature of Eucalyptus pterocarpa are similar to those of
E. lesouefii and E. corrugata. However, the latter two species have rough bark at the base; E. lesouefii has up to 9-
flowered clusters and E. corrugata has flattened bud caps and grey seed.

E. pterocarpa is distributed over about 90 km to the west and north-west of Norseman. It grows in red-brown loam in
open low woodland with E. salmonophloia, E. dundasii, E. calycogona and E. flocktoniae and undershrubs of Acacia
merrallii.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Theatre Rocks,W Esp Dund VCL 20.11.92 50+ Good

2 Bronzite Ridge Esp Dund VCL 13.7.89 - -
3 McDermid Rock,ESE Esp Dund VCL 13.1.81 - -
4 Norseman,NW Esp Dund - 20.8.63 - -
5 Norseman,W Esp Dund VCL 20.7.63 - -
Unknown

Unknown

E. pterocarpa occurs in a poorly surveyed area of Vacant Crown Land which is largely inaccessible. A timber reserve
north-west of Norseman, that would include E. pterocarpa and E. brockwayi, has been proposed (Henry-Hall 1990).
Further action on this proposal and further survey is required.
References
Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Henry-Hall (1990).
258
Eucalyptus spreta L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill ms MYRTACEAE
A tree or mallee to 10 m tall, with erect branches from low on the trunk. Bark is smooth and coloured white, grey,
salmon or bronze. The adult leaves are shaped like the blade of a scythe (falcate, up to 110 x 10-13 mm), semi-glossy,
narrow, bright darkish green and held erect. The axillary inflorescences are up to 7-flowered; stamens are at first erect
then bend downwards in the bud (13 x 4-6 mm) and a scar is left when the bud cap falls. Fruits are cup-shaped.
Eucalyptus spreta ms is related to E. pileata and E. polita but can be distinguished from them by its strongly beaked bud
cap and from the latter by having larger buds.
Flowering Period: ?October - November

E. spreta ms has a scattered distribution from near Balladonia to south of Peak Eleanora, a range of about 250 km. It
grows in a variety of habitats including almost flat plain, margins of salt lakes, or amongst granite rocks in calcareous
red-brown loam, clay loam, sand or white sandy loam. It occurs in low open woodland either as a pure stand or with E.
diptera, E. eremophila, E. calycogona, E. cylindriflora or E. flocktoniae.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 4.11.86 Abundant -

& ?VCL
2 Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 10.7.85 - -
& ?VCL
3 Newman Rock,E Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 22.8.79 Pure stand -
& ?VCL
4 Newman Rock,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 10.2.85 - -
& ?VCL
5 Fraser Range,W Esp Dund - 12.3.67 Common -
6 Fraser Range,E Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 2.2.79 Common -
& ?Pastoral Lease
7 Norseman,E Esp Dund NR 22.8.79 Abundant -
Heartbreak Ridge Esp Dund NR 14.11.83 Frequent -
8 Little Jam Hill Esp Dund NR 24.9.80 Frequent -
9 Balladonia,S Esp Dund VCL 20.10.83 Occasional -
10 Coragina Rock,N Esp Dund VCL 20.0.83 Abundant -
11 Coragina Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 25.10.78 - -
12 Mt Ney,NE Esp Esp VCL 17.9.70 - -
13 Norseman,S Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 5.11.86 Abundant -
& ?Pastoral Lease
14a Kumarl,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 7.4.85 - -
14b Salmon Gums,NNW Esp Esp - 13.3.67 - -
15 Dowak Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 5.11.86 Frequent -
16 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 13.3.67 - -
17 Truslove Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 22.10.83 1 -
19 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 7.11.86 Abundant -
259
Unknown

Unknown

E. spreta ms is widespread through the area between Salmon Gums and Balladonia, with populations occurring in the
Dundas Nature Reserve (Johnson, unpublished data).
References
260
Gastrolobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Crisp PAPILIONACEAE
[ex. Oxylobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Benth.]
Slender Poison
A trailing rather than erect shrub with weak slender stems. The conspicuous, fine stipules (appendages at the base of the
leaf stalk) are longer than the leaf stalks. Leaves are opposite, narrow-oblong (15-30 x 2-4 mm), with slightly inrolled
margins underneath, and a fine spine at the tip; the upper surface is dark green, hairless and has a conspicuous network
of veins, while underneath is paler with spreading hairs especially along the midrib. Hairs are absent on the older
foliage. Flowers are yellow suffused with purple-red and borne in short, elongate clusters (racemes) at the ends of
branches; the acute bracts persist until the flower opens. Seed pods are elliptical (about 5 x 4 mm) with a fine, long
spine at the tip; 6-8 seeds are borne per pod.
Gastrolobium heterophyllum has similar leaves and flowers to the widely distributed Box Poison, G. parviflorum. The
latter species is always erect, has longer racemes with more flowers, more robust stems and less conspicuous stipules
than G. heterophyllum.

G. heterophyllum is distributed between the Fitzgerald River and Esperance, a range of about 200 km. It grows in
gravelly soils near rivers and in red clayey soils on flats. Associated species may include Eucalyptus preissiana or
Melaleuca uncinata.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Young River Mouth Esp Esp NP - - -

2 Yerritup Creek Esp Esp ?Private 25.9.68 - -
3 Gibson area Esp Esp - 9.61 - -
4 Esperance Esp Esp - 5.9.69 - -
5 Munglinup Esp Rav - 22.10.79 - -
6 ?Middle Rd Esp Rav - 19.9.87 - -
7* Young River,W Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 9.9.93 50 Post-fire
8 Phillips River Alb Rav ?NP 26.9.41 - -
9 West River Alb Rav NP 24.10.86 1 -
10 Mt Desmond Alb Rav VCL 22.9.79 Occasional -
11 Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav ?Rd Res. 19.9.87 Scattered -
12 Telegraph Track Alb Rav NP 9.70 - -
13 Steere River Alb Rav - 23.10.61 - -
14 Cheritons Rind,SE Mer Yil ?VCL 23.9.89 - -
* = new population
261
Unknown

G. heterophyllum is widespread, but never common. It may be an opportunistic species that is most often seen after
disturbance. In September 1993, a new population was found near the Young River in an area which had been burnt in
March 1990; plants were flowering.
A three-day survey by Sampson (in Sampson and Hopper 1990), looking specifically for endangered Gastrolobium
species in the eastern south coast region, failed to locate any populations of this species. Previous surveys may have
failed to find this taxon as herbarium specimens suggest that G. heterophyllum should look like a slender form of
G. parviflorum; in fact, it is more reminiscent of Chorizema.
G. heterophyllum apparently occurs in both the Stokes and Fitzgerald River National Parks, although it has not been
sighted recently. Further opportunistic survey is recommended.
References
Robinson and Coates (1995), Sampson and Hopper (1990).
262
Gastrolobium rigidum (C.A.Gardner) Crisp PAPILIONACEAE
[ex. Oxylobium rigidum C.A.Gardner]
Rigid-leaf Poison
A low, spreading shrub, usually about 30 cm tall, but one form grows to 90 cm. Stems arise from a woody rootstock and
are repeatedly forked. Leaves are opposite, oblong-elliptical (10-30 x 10-15 mm), rigid, blue-green, have short stalks
and a prominent yellow midrib. Flowers are yellow suffused purple-red and borne in small, elongate clusters at the ends
of branches. The pods are silky-hairy.

The typical form of Gastrolobium rigidum is distributed over about 100 km, from Lake Varley to near Mt Short. It
grows in sandy clay, gravel and loam in low heath communities with scattered mallees of Eucalyptus phaenophylla.
Aplin (1973) indicates that a larger form occurs in the mallee country around Tarin Rock.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1a Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 9.11.64 - -

1b Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 Frequent Good
2 VPF Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 1 000+ Good
3 Jackson Kat LG NR 22.9.89 20-50 -
4 Mt Gibbs Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 50 Good
5 Mt Gibbs,SSW Kat LG VCL 28.10.92 1 500+ Good
6 Lake Varley Nar Kulin - 10.10.49 - -
8.69 - -
7 Mt Short,NW Alb Rav MRWA Rd Res. 26.10.92 20+ Good
8 Hayes Rd Alb Rav Shire Rd Res. 8.11.89 500+ -
& Private
9a Mt Madden Kat LG NR 20.10.61 - -
9b* Mt Madden,NNW Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 2+ Good
10a* Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 28.10.92 20+ Good
10b* Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 1 Disturbed
10c Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 40+ Disturbed
11* Fence Rd Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 100+ Good
& VCL
12a* Fence Rd Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 2 000+ Good
& VCL
12b* Fence Rd Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 100+ Good
13 Tarin Rock Kat Dum MRWA & 8.10.89 10-20 -
Shire Rd Res.
14* Jackson Rock Esp Rav VCL 26.10.92 20+ Good
263
May be a disturbance opportunist.

Unknown

G. rigidum is very common along disturbed road and track verges on the east and west side of the Vermin Proof Fence,
from Mt Gibbs southwards to the Lake King-Norseman Road, including the Frank Hann National Park. It is secure in
this National Park, and is not immediately threatened in the Crown Land to the north of the Park.
The deletion of G. rigidum from the Priority Flora List is recommended, although some monitoring may be required of
the larger form that grows near Tarin Rock.
References
Aplin (1973), Sampson and Hopper (1990).
264
Goodenia quadrilocularis R.Br. GOODENIACEAE
An erect herb, 0.5-1.5 m tall, with few branches. Leaves are lanceolate to obovate (50-70 x 10-15 mm), shiny, bright
green and have toothed margins. Yellow flowers are in elongate clusters (racemes) at the ends of branches, and borne
on stalks in the axils of bracts. The base of the calyx has small, linear bracteoles. The corolla is sparsely hairy; the 2
upper corolla lobes are separated much lower than the 3 lower ones. Fruits are narrow, elongate (about 2 cm long) and
have 4 locules.

Goodenia quadrilocularis is known only from near-coastal granite rocks in the Cape Arid and Cape Le Grand National
Parks, which are nearly 100 km apart. It grows in skeletal soils in rock crevices, often exposed to salt-laden winds.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations


2 Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 11.9.71 - -
4* Lucky Bay,SW Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 1 Good
5* Thistle Cove,E Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 1 Good
7 Mt Arid Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 1 000+ Post-fire
* = new population
On Mt Arid, this species had flowered and set seed two years after being burnt (January 1991). The abundance of
G. quadrilocularis post-fire suggests that it may be a coloniser of disturbed sites, becoming less common as plant
communities mature.

Unknown

G. quadrilocularis has a very restricted habitat and narrow geographical range.
At present, this species is secure within the two National Parks. Further survey is recommended between Cape Le
Grand and Cape Arid.
References
265
Goodenia trichophylla (de Vriese) Benth. GOODENIACEAE
An erect, open herb, 15-60 cm tall. Basal leaves are crowded, narrow-linear to narrow-lanceolate (4-10 cm) and have
entire margins; the stem leaves are scattered and shorter. Flowers are usually single, blue with a yellow or white throat
and borne on long stalks in the axils of leaves; the flower stalks have a pair of small bracteoles about halfway. The
corolla is variable in size (5-12 mm), the 2 upper lobes are separated much lower than the 3 lower ones. Calyx lobes are
acute, without hairs or sparsely covered with short glandular hairs and are half the length of the ovary.
Flowering Period: August - January

Goodenia trichophylla has a widely scattered distribution, extending from near Kalbarri on the west coast to Albany on
the south coast, and east to near Cascade. It grows in sand, clayey sand or sandy loam often with lateritic gravel in low
shrubland or heath communities. Associated genera may include Callitris, Verticordia, Hakea and Malleostemon.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Fields Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 9.84 - -

13.9.92 Not found -
20.9.93 - -
2 Coujinup Hill,ENE Esp Rav VCL 11.12.83 - -
3 Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res 22.11.86 - -
4 Lake Grace,W Kat LG - 10.62 - -
5 Quaranup Alb Alb - 28.11.78 - -
6 Meenaar Mdg Nor NR 12.11.86 Occasional -
7 Eneabba,SE Moora ?Crw - 23.12.80 - -
8a Kalbarri Ger Nthn NP 8.79 Occasional -
8b Kalbarri,E Ger Nthn ?NP 30.9.79 - -
Unknown

Unknown

G. trichophylla appears to be widespread but locally rare. It occurs in two conservation reserves along the west coast of
the State. Further survey is required.
References
Burgman (1985b), Grieve and Blackall (1982).
266
Grevillea superba P.Olde & N.Marriott PROTEACEAE
[ex. Grevillea sp. Scaddan (P.Olde 91/332)]
A robust shrub, 2-3 m tall, without a lignotuber and with emergent floral branches up to 1 m above the shrub.
Branchlets are hairy. Leaves (20-70 mm) are almost pinnate with 9-17 primary leaf lobes (5-20 x 1-2 mm) that are
linear and smooth; the lower lobes are usually again divided. Clusters of flowers are at the ends of branches and usually
5-10 branched. Flowers are borne on hairy stalks (7-10 mm); the calyx tube (7-10 x 2-4 mm) is whitish over olive green
ageing pink, strongly rolled backwards at the tip, densely glandular-hairy on the outside and covered with hairs over
most of the inside except for the tip; the style is cream or pink and red at the end, gently curved and dilated at the tip; the
pollen presenter is lateral and flat to convex. Fruits are subglobular (17 x 15 mm) and rough with 2 prominent swellings
towards the end and a persistent, fragile style.
Grevillea superba is closely related to G. plurijuga which has trigonous leaf lobes that are undivided at the base, and its
flowers are usually within the shrub.

G. superba is distributed between Scaddan and Mt Ney, a range of 70 km. It grows in white sand over pale-brown,
calcareous loam in Eucalyptus shrubland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Grass Patch Rd Esp Esp - 13.10.91 - -

2 Grass Patch,N Esp Esp - 3.10.85 - -
3 Mt Burdett Rd Esp Esp - 13.11.86 - -
4 Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 15.10.70 - -
5 Kau Rock Rd Esp Esp - 20.9.85 - -
6 Scaddan,N Esp Esp - 2.12.69 - -
7 Norwood Rd Esp Esp - - - -
8 Truslove NR Esp Esp - - - -
Appears to be a short-lived perennial that regenerates from seed after fire (Olde and Marriott 1993).

Unknown

Olde and Marriott (1993) indicate that 30 specimens were examined for their species description, which suggests that
G. superba is relatively common. They indicated, however, that many of the plants in the road reserves around Scaddan
appeared to be dying when surveyed in 1992. Research to determine the reproductive biology of G. superba and
monitoring of known populations is required.
References
Olde and Marriott (1993).
267
Haegiela tatei (F.Muell.) P.S.Short & Paul G.Wilson ASTERACEAE
An inconspicuous annual herb, 2-8 cm tall, with stems and leaves covered in cobwebby, filamentous hairs that become
flattened at the base. Leaves are continuous with the branch, lanceolate or linear (3-7 x 0.5-1 mm), hairless or
cobwebby, the lower ones are opposite and joined together at the base. The flower heads (2-3 mm diameter) are
virtually without stalks and solitary in the axils. The involucral bracts (15-20) are arranged in 3 rows with all bracts
prominently incurved and having ciliate margins. The florets just exceed the involucre; the outer florets (22-49) are
female and threadlike; the inner bisexual florets (7-11) have a cylindrical corolla (1.5 mm) that has 4 very short lobes.
Pappus are absent.

Haegiela tatei is widely dispersed in Western Australia, South Australia and western Victoria, south of latitude 31°S. It
is apparently restricted to saline habitats.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Mt Ney,N Esp Esp VCL 26.8.84 - -

2 Truslove Esp Esp NR 8.11.79 - -
3a Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp NP 8.11.79 - -
3b Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 26.9.84 - -
4 Jyndabinbin Rocks,E Esp Dund NR 22.9.80 - -
5 Sinclair Soak,E Esp Dund VCL 20.9.80 - -
6 Salt River Rd Alb Gno NP 10.11.86 - -
7 Ellen Peak,SE Alb Gno - 28.10.83 - -
Unknown

Unknown

H. tatei is widespread in Western Australia, and being inconspicuous is probably poorly collected rather than rare. It
should remain secure within two Nature Reserves and two National Parks. Further opportunistic survey is required.
References
Short and Wilson (1990).
268
Isolepis sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1515) CYPERACEAE
Currently there is no specimen of this taxon available in the Western Australian Herbarium.

Isolepis sp. Kau Rock is known from two localities, about 160 km apart. One locality is near the upper reaches of the
Young River and the other is a herbfield near Kau Rock.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Coujinup Hill,E Esp Rav VCL 6.83 - -

2 Kau Rock Esp Esp VCL 9.84 - -
Unknown

Unknown

According to Burgman (1985b), this taxon appears to be restricted to rocky outcrops in well watered micro-habitats. It
is an inconspicuous annual and may be more widespread than collections (or lack of them) indicate. It is not known to
occur in any conservation reserve.
A search for Burgman's specimens, which are possibly in storage at the Western Australian Herbarium, is urgently
required. Further survey cannot be carried out until a specimen is available.
References
Burgman (1985b).
269
Isopogon alcicornis Diels PROTEACEAE
Elkhorn Coneflower
A dwarf shrub, 25-40 cm tall, with thick underground stems giving a suckering habit. The lower leaves on the stubby
stems are narrow, widening towards the tip (up to 10 cm long including a long leaf stalk) and entire; the upper, floral
leaves (up to 20 cm) are erect, flat, forked into 3 irregular lobes which look like antlers, leathery in texture and hairy on
both sides. The yellow flower heads form egg-shaped cones (about 5 cm diameter) which are hidden in the foliage close
to the ground; the tube and 4-perianth segments of individual flowers (2 cm long) are hairy, the end of each segment has
a spoon-shaped cavity which holds an anther. Dried cones (fruits) have scars where the scales have fallen.

Isopogon alcicornis is distributed over about 140 km, between Gibson and Mt Baring. It grows in sand in open mallee
and heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Mt Baring Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 1+ Healthy

2 Mt Burdett Esp Esp NR 30.1.93 50+ Good
3 Norwood Rd Esp Esp VCL 5.9.85 2 -
25.9.92 1 Dead
4 Gibson,N Esp Esp - 12.12.85 1 -
5 Muntz Rd Esp Esp NR 14.11.93 100+ Good
6a Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.8.82 - -
24.9.92 Not found -
6b* Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 1 Fair
Unknown

Field observations suggest high susceptibility.

Surveys of Scaddan and Norwood Roads in 1992 found that where the known populations previously occurred, there
were dead plants of the Proteaceae family, suggesting Phytophthora dieback may be present, and no live plants were
located.
Although I. alcicornis occurs in two Nature Reserves and one National Park, it is never abundant and may still be
vulnerable and endangered by dieback at these localities. At Mt Burdett, the population lies below a walk trail to the
summit and regularly receives runoff from areas traversed by humans and vehicles. Management of the track is
required.
270
Research is needed to determine the susceptibility of I. alcicornis to Phytophthora spp. Seed has been collected and
lodged in the CALM Threatened Flora Seed Centre (WA Herbarium). Known populations need to be monitored.
Further survey is urgently required.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1988), Sainsbury (1987), Wrigley and Fagg (1989).
271
Lasiopetalum maxwellii F.Muell. STERCULIACEAE
An erect, spreading shrub, 15-60 cm tall, with numerous branches. Leaves are alternate, broadest towards the point of
attachment (ovate, 25-40 x 8-15 mm) and have margins that are slightly rolled backwards; the upper surface is green and
lacks hairs while the underside is pale green with a dense cover of matted, stellate hairs. Flowers are borne in an
elongate cluster (raceme); sepals (4-5 mm) are cream, with matted stellate hairs forming a dense cover on the outside
and being only scattered on the inner surface with the greatest density towards the tip; petals are minute and hairless;
anthers and their filaments are about equal in length. The ovary is densely silky-hairy; the style is without hairs.
Flowering Period: September - January, April

Lasiopetalum maxwellii occurs on or near granite outcrops in coastal areas between Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid. It
grows in sandy skeletal soil in rock crevices and hollows, often exposed to salt-laden winds.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 100+ Good

2 Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 2 000+ Good
4* Frenchman Peak,NE Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 2 Good
5* Jenamullup Creek,W Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 500+ Good
6* Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 Frequent Good
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

L. maxwellii is abundant and secure on granite headlands in the Cape Le Grand National Park; it is also frequent in Cape
Arid National Park. Further opportunistic survey along the coast east of Esperance is recommended.
The genus Lasiopetalum is currently under revision (C. Wilkins, personal communication). Further taxonomic work
may determine the extent and status of this species.
References
272
Lepyrodia fortunata L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs ms RESTIONACEAE
A spreading, tufted sedge, up to 1 m tall and 1 m diameter. Culms are cylindrical (0.5-1.3 mm diam.), erect, dull green,
smooth or pitted, have 5-10 internodes apically increasing in length (to 15 cm). Sheaths (3-20 mm) are brown and held
close to the culm except when subtending a branch; the apex is acute when young and withers with age. The
inflorescence is panicle-like (2-10 cm), with flowers crowded on the culm or at the ends of short side branches. Flowers
have rigid, brown tepals; outer tepals are lanceolate (3.5 mm) and keeled; inner tepals are slightly shorter and concave to
flat, broad lanceolate. Seeds are white and crescent-shaped (1 mm).

Lepyrodia fortunata ms is known from two localities 40 km apart, in Cape Le Grand National Park and near Condingup.
It grows in peaty sand in swamps behind foredunes, associated with Agonis parviceps and sedges.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 10.9.66 - -

2 Thistle Cove,N Esp Esp NP 19.10.89 - -
?3 Condingup Hill,N Esp Esp - 10.11.80 - -
Unknown

Unknown

L. fortunata ms should remain secure in the Cape Le Grand National Park. In spring 1992, a survey failed to relocate
the population near Condingup Hill; the plant community described by Newbey (KRN 7942) was not evident at the
locality stated. Further survey is required.
273
Leucopogon breviflorus F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect shrub, about 30 cm tall. Leaves are held erect, concave, elliptic (10 x 2 mm), stalked, and have a rigid, sharp
point. On the lower side of the leaf there are 3 parallel central veins and other veins branching towards the margin. The
white flowers are erect with 2 or 3 borne together on short, finely-hairy stalks in the axils of leaves; the corolla tube is
longer than the obtuse sepals and bracteoles; anthers are without sterile tips and extend beyond the corolla; the ovary has
5 cells; and, the style is long, slender and lacks hairs.

The type of Leucopogon breviflorus held at Kew is a mixed collection of specimens collected by George Maxwell last
century. One was collected near Israelite Bay and the other from the Stirling Range. The 'Israelite Bay' L. breviflorus is
widespread in the Goldfields and Esperance Districts where it usually occurs in rocky areas growing in red-brown clayey
sand; as well, it has been found in white aeolian sand near a small lake, and in deep yellow sand. It occurs in mallee,
open shrub or thicket communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 21.4.93 100+ Good

2* Daringdella Lake Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 1 000+ Good
3* Mt Baring Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 20+ Good
4* Tweedale Rd Esp Esp NR 14.11.93 20+ Good
5 McDermid Rock,E Esp Dund VCL 16.7.79 - -
6 Walyahmoning Rock,N Gold MtM - 22.9.82 - -
7 Illaara Station Gold Men Pastoral Lease 12.9.88 Frequent -
8 Bungalbin Hill Gold MtM - 2.1.89 Frequent -
9 Mt Jackson,E Gold MtM - 4.5.78 Common -
10 Mt Jackson,S Gold MtM ?Pastoral Lease 28.11.81 Common -
11 Whitewells Station ?Gold Per Pastoral Lease 22.11.92 Occasional -
* = new population
Unknown


L. breviflorus has been poorly known and difficult to identify taxonomically. It appears to be widely scattered through
the South Coast and Goldfields Regions and should remain secure in two Nature Reserves and one National Park.
Taxonomic work to lectotypify the species and confirmation of herbarium specimens is required (J. Powell, personal
communication).
References
274
Leucopogon interruptus R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE
A shrub to 1.5 m tall with erect branches. Leaves are mostly crowded at the end of each year's shoot, apparently in
whorls, almost oval to oblong-elliptical (about 25 mm long), flat, hairless and finely nerved. Clusters of flowers (spikes)
are at the ends of branches, slender and interrupted, but not exceeding the leaves. Flowers are small and numerous;
bracts and bracteoles are less than half the length of the calyx; the corolla tube is shorter than the calyx; the ovary is
globular, 5-celled and the style short.

Leucopogon interruptus is known only from a few islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche and from Mt Manypeaks
east of Albany. It grows in grey sand over granite rocks in mixed vegetation of dense shrub mallee and Allocasuarina-
Melaleuca thickets.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Nth Twin Peak Is. Esp Esp NR 30.4.72 - -

3 Sandy Hook Island Esp Esp NR 1.5.82 - -
4 Mt Manypeaks Alb Alb NP 17.7.86 Common -
Unknown


A large sector of Middle Island was burnt in 1977; resurvey and monitoring of this population is recommended. Further
survey of other islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche is required.
References
275
Leucopogon multiflorus R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect, open or compact, harsh, prickly shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall and 1.5 m wide. Young branches are covered with short,
soft, white hairs. Leaves are closely overlapping, lanceolate (7-12 x 1.5-2.5 mm), often broader at the base (ovate)
tapering towards the tip to a long sharp spine, concave, and with many fine near-parallel veins on the under side.
Clusters (spikes) of 3 or 4, cream-coloured flowers are borne in axils of the leaves; sepals are obtuse with long hairs
around the margins and are sometimes covered in woolly hairs; the ovary is 5-celled and the style long and slender.
Fruits are globular (5 mm), pale green with a red apex when young turning whitish.
Flowering Period: November - January

Leucopogon multiflorus is distributed between Mid Mt Barren in the Fitzgerald River National Park and Cape Arid. It
grows in shallow sandy soil over granite or quartzite, in low coastal scrub.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1a Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 8.10.92 10+ Good

1b Thistle Cove,E Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 10+ Good
2 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 21.1.66 - -
4* Hellfire Bay,E Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 30+ Good
5 Mt Arid Esp Esp NP 23.11.85 Occasional -
6 Mid Mt Barren Alb Alb NP 16.7.70 - -
7 King George's Sound,E Alb Alb - - - -
* = new population
Unknown


L. multiflorus is known to occur in three National Parks (Cape Arid, Cape Le Grand and Fitzgerald River). It is frequent
on near-shore granite slopes in the Cape Le Grand National Park and is not immediately threatened. A fire burnt Mt
Arid in January 1991; resurvey of this population (no. 5) is recommended, to determine the response of L. multiflorus to
fire. Further survey is required.
References
276
Leucopogon pleurandroides F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect, open shrub 0.3-1.0 m tall, with numerous branches from the base. Leaves are broadly oblong (2.5-4 x 1.5-2
mm), thick and have a distinct stalk (2 mm); the upper surface is dull green and minutely hairy, while the under side is
paler and has 2 longitudinal furrows. The white flowers are in dense clusters at the ends of branches. Sepals are brown,
less than half the length of the corolla-tube, and have hairy margins; the corolla tube (3-4 mm) is white turning orange
when dry, anthers are attached above the middle on the inside and lack sterile tips; the ovary is very hairy, 1-celled and
has a long, slender, hairy style.
Flowering Period: April

Leucopogon pleurandroides was first collected by George Maxwell last century at "Moirs Inlet", which is most likely
Stokes Inlet, however no other collections have been made there. Otherwise, it is known from three widespread
localities, distributed over about 270 km, near Starvation Boat Harbour, west of Cascade, and north-west of Sheoaks
Hill in the Cape Arid National Park. It grows on fine calcareous loam (marl) in open woodland and low shrub in
association with Banksia media, Nematolepis phebalioides, Styphelia hainesii and Melaleuca spp.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 ?Stokes Inlet Esp Esp NP 1800s - -

2 Starvation Boat Harbour Esp Rav Shire Res. 8.9.93 100+ Post-dist.
3 Cheadanup Esp Rav NR 26.3.83 - -
4* Sheoaks Hill,NW Esp Esp NP 22.4.93 2 000+ Good
* = new population
Unknown


The discovery of a large population in Cape Arid National Park during a survey in autumn 1993 suggests that this taxon
may be more widespread than implied by the collections to date. Further survey is required.
References
277
Leucopogon rotundifolius R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect, bushy shrub, to 1 m tall. Leaves are erect or spreading, spoon-shaped (spathulate, 6-12 x 3-5 mm), obtuse or
with a small callous point, flat or slightly concave, stalked, pale green and have margins that are translucent. Small, pale
yellow-green flowers are borne with 1 to 3 on a short stalk in the axils of leaves. The bracteoles are short and the sepals
are less than half the length of the corolla tube; the corolla lobes are long and eventually curve backwards to the sepals.
Anthers are attached above the middle of the tube and are without sterile tips; the ovary is 5-celled and tapers into a
rather long style.
Flowering Period: January

Leucopogon rotundifolius occurs between Arid Bay and Cape Le Grand National Park, and on Middle Island. It grows
in shallow sandy soils on near-shore granite outcrops in coastal scrub, and on deeper sand in open heath scrub.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Arid Bay Esp Esp NP 12.6.85 Common -

2a Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 21.1.66 - -
2b Frenchman Peak,N Esp Esp NP 18.11.79 - -
2c Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 200+ Good
2d Le Grand Beach,N Esp Esp NP 9.10.92 3 Good
2e Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 20+ Good
2f* Hellfire Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 50+ Good
3a Duke of Orleans Bay Esp Esp Shire Recr. Res. 17.7.82 Common -
3b Duke of Orleans Bay Esp Esp Shire Recr. Res. 18.7.82 Common -
Unknown


L. rotundifolius is very common in the Cape Le Grand National Park, occurring on most of the granite outcrops. As
well, it grows in the Cape Arid National Park and on a Nature Reserve, where it should remain secure.
References
278
Levenhookia pulcherrima Carlquist STYLIDIACEAE
Beautiful Stylewort
A small, erect annual herb, 3-5 cm tall, with red stems and very glandular herbage. Flowers are rose to pale pink with
large and markedly notched corolla lobes; the upper corolla lobes have W-shaped red markings near the base; the
corolla tube is longer than the calyx lobes. The stout, erect column is covered by a sensitive hood-like labellum that
springs away and downwards when touched releasing the column and anthers. The stigmas are dissimilar; the lower one
is straight while the upper is curved backwards towards the tube.

Levenhookia pulcherrima is known from only three localities; two are within or near the Frank Hann National Park,
while the other occurs nearly 70 km to the south, adjacent to the Phillips River. It grows in sand overlying granite in
Allocasuarina woodland with Grevillea hookeriana, Calytrix and Baeckea, or in mallee heath.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Mt Gibbs,SE Esp Esp ?VCL & NP 14.11.79 Frequent -

2 Frank Hann Esp Esp NP 27.10.75 1 000s -
3 Phillips River Alb Alb ?MRWA Rd Res. 11.10.74 - -


L. pulcherrima is poorly known and possibly rare; it has not been collected for more than 14 years. In 1975, it was
observed to be regenerating in mallee heath after a fire in Frank Hann National Park. Further survey is required.
References
279
Melaleuca fissurata Barlow MYRTACEAE
A large shrub, to 4 m tall. Leaves are near-opposite with alternate pairs at right angles to each other, elliptical (3-5 x 2
mm), concave, curve backwards from the obtuse tip and are dull green in colour. Flowers are white or yellow and borne
in dense, semi-globular clusters of 5-15 flowers on one side of old, corky wood. Staminal bundles are 12-15 mm long;
the ovary is densely covered in short, white hairs. Fruits (5 x 7 mm) are 3-valved, with 5 short (1 mm), triangular lobes.

Melaleuca fissurata is distributed over 300 km, from near Lake King to Clyde Hill. It grows in well-drained, aeolian
loamy sand on the margins of salt lakes or along drainage lines in open shrub mallee and tall shrubs. It may be
associated with Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. goniantha and Melaleuca spp.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 13.8.79 - -

2a* Clyde Rock Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 20+ Good
2b Clyde Rock Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 100+ Good
3 Mt Ney Rd Esp Esp ?NR 3.8.83 - -
4 Mt Ridley,SSW Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 25.9.92 3 Good
5 Cox Rd Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 1 000+ Good
6 Truslove,E Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 20+ Good
7 Lignite Rd Esp Esp ?VCL 17.11.92 1 000+ Good
8 Truslove Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 20+ Good
9 Lake King,WSW Kat LG - 10.8.68 - -
10* Ridley Rd Esp Esp NR 23.9.93 50+ Good
12a* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 20+ Good
12b* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 500+ Good
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown
280
M. fissurata occurs in the Frank Hann National Park and is common in two Nature Reserves where it should remain
secure. It is widespread in Crown Land north of Mt Beaumont, an area which it is not immediately threatened for
agricultural clearing.
281
Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa Barlow MYRTACEAE
A shrub, 1.3-4.5 m tall. Leaves are arranged spirally and held close to the stem, linear to narrow-elliptic (5-9 x 0.6-2
mm), rounded at the apex and slightly curved inwards, veins and glands are rarely seen. Elongate clusters (8-40 mm) of
10-50 flowers occur at both the base and tips of branches; bracts (1.5-4 x 1-2 mm) are persistent to flowering; sepals are
triangular (1 mm) and have membranous margins. There are 8-11 cream-coloured stamens (5 mm including claw) per
bundle. Fruits are shortly cylindrical to bell-shaped (3-4 x 2-4 mm) and bluntly toothed at the rim.
Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa differs from the other subspecies by its leaves which are pressed closely to the stem
and the floral parts which are distinctly shorter.

M. viminea subsp. appressa is known from near Ongerup, Mt Burdett and north-west of Skeleton Rock, a distribution of
over 100 km. It grows near creeks or wet depressions in clayey soils, possibly associated with granite.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Mt Burdett Esp Esp NR 28.9.88 - -

2 Skeleton Rock,NW Mer Yil - 8.10.86 - -
3 Ongerup,E Alb Jer - 21.10.75 - -
Unknown

Unknown

References
Quinn et al. (1992).
282
Melaleuca sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 4018) MYRTACEAE
Burgman (1985b) lists five specimens which he considers to be this taxon. Two have since been identified as Melaleuca
pauperiflora subsp. pauperiflora (M.A.Burgman 4551 and K.R.Newbey 2764) and one as subsp. fastigiata
(M.A.Burgman 3572b). These taxa are not considered endangered.
Currently, M.A.Burgman 4018 and 3645 have not been located in the Western Australian Herbarium so their taxonomic
status cannot be determined.

The two unidentified specimens of M. sp. Ravensthorpe occur south-west of Peak Charles.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Fields Rd Esp Esp NP 9.84 - -

2 Rawlinson Rd Esp Esp ?NR 10.84 - -
Unknown

Unknown

It is probable that once the Burgman specimens are located, M. sp. Ravensthorpe will be identified as one of the
subspecies of M. pauperiflora which are not Priority taxa. According to Burgman (1985b) the taxon is widespread in
the Cascades area. No further survey is recommended until the original specimens have been examined.
References
Burgman (1985b).
283
Microcorys virgata R.Br. LAMIACEAE
A slender, erect shrub, to 2 m tall, which adopts a weeping habit with age. The linear leaves (5-7 mm) are in whorls of
3, flat or concave, and have a rounded apex. The small pale blue buds and white flowers are in groups of 3 toward the
branch tips; the upper lip of the corolla forms a small hood, while the lower lip is much longer. The outer surface of the
corolla is mostly hairy; the calyx has a fringe of hairs on the margin and is otherwise shiny.
Microcorys virgata is closely related to M. barbata which has a calyx covered in long white silky hairs, and to
M. glabra which lacks hairs on the calyx and corolla.
Flowering Period: August - January, May

M. virgata is distributed between Albany and Cape Arid. It grows in a variety of habitats, including sandy soil over
granite, limestone or quartzite, and clay loam. It occurs on lower slopes of mountains and on plains in woodland, shrub
mallee and heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1* Fisheries Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.4.93 1 Good

2 Coujinup Hill,NE Esp Rav VCL 11.12.83 - -
3 East Mt Barren Alb Rav NP 19.11.85 Rare -
4 Willyung Hill Alb Alb Private 25.8.92 4 Healthy
5 Chillinup Rd Alb Alb Shire Rd Verge 1.9.92 20 Healthy
6 Kojonup Springs Rd Alb Alb Shire Res. 9.2.93 11 Healthy
7 Hamilla Hill Alb Cbk NP 24.8.93 1 -
8 Wedge Hill Alb Plgt NP 12.5.82 - -
9 Woodjenilup Alb ?Alb Shire Rd Res. 22.10.85 - -
10 Mt Groper Alb Alb VCL 16.1.85 Scattered -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

M. virgata appears to be widespread but never common. Verification of specimens in the Western Australian
Herbarium is required, as a number of collections have been confused with M. barbata and M. glabra. Further
opportunistic survey is required.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1981), Burgman (1985b), Robinson and Coates (1995).
284
Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154) EUPHORBIACEAE
[ex. Amperea sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154)]
A small, inconspicuous annual. Flowers are in dense, head-like, terminal clusters (cyme). Male flowers have 4 or more
stamens that are free and have 2-celled anthers opening in longitudinal slits. Female flowers have their styles divided
into 2.

Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe is known from only two localities about 80 km apart, south of Peak Eleanora and near the
Oldfield River. It grows in pale brown sand in very open shrub mallee and dense low heath.
Another population, whose identification is in doubt, may occur near Red Peak in the Fitzgerald River National Park.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Ravensthorpe,E Esp Rav - 6.9.83 - -

2 Peak Eleanora,SSE Esp Esp VCL 27.9.84 - -
?3 Red Peak,WNW Alb Jer NP 13.10.78 - -
Unknown

Unknown

The general areas of the two populations in the Esperance District were surveyed in September 1992, however this taxon
was not found. Further survey is required.
References
Blackall and Grieve (1974), Burgman (1985b).
285
Olearia laciniifolia Lander ASTERACEAE
An erect shrub, 0.8-1.0 m tall, which is covered in long, glandular hairs. Stems are softly-hairy, pale yellow when
young, becoming purplish with age. Leaves are alternate, scattered, lack stalks, flat, oblong (6-35 x 1-10 mm), grey-
green on both sides, and have a stout midvein; margins are divided into small, pointed lobes (saw-toothed). The classic
daisy flower heads (26-35 mm diameter) are borne singly on long stalks (to 25 mm), in the axils of leaves at the ends of
branches. The whorl of bracts surrounding the base of the flower head (involucre) is hemispherical in shape. The ray
florets ('petals') number 35-43 and are lilac-coloured; the disc florets number 53-90 and are white below and yellow
above; the pappus has about 20 long bristles.
Olearia laciniifolia is similar to O. rudis which has a number of flower heads in a leaf axils, 39-75 ray florets, 86-241
disc florets and the pappus has 31-42 long bristles and 10-14 much shorter ones.
Flowering Period: June - November

O. laciniifolia occurs north-east and north-west of Clyde Hill and between Lake Grace and Lake King. It grows on
white sand amongst mallee and Melaleuca shrubland around playa lakes.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Clyde Hill,NE Esp Esp ?Private 6.83 - -

2a* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 100+ Post-fire
2b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1+ Post-fire
3* Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 1 Post-fire
4 Lake Grace,E Kat LG ?Rd Res. 22.9.66 - -
5 Lake King Kat LG - 11.30 - -
6 258 mile peg Kat LG - 24.9.63 - -
7 Dowels-Lake King Rd Kat LG - - - -
8 Kukerin,W Kat Dum - 11.9.75 - -
* = new population
Its occurrence after fire at populations 2 and 3 suggests this species is a disturbance opportunist.

Unknown

Although O. laciniifolia is widely distributed, there are few collections. Within the Katanning District, it has not been
collected for nearly 20 years. Most of its known distribution is within agricultural areas which would make this taxon
vulnerable.
In autumn 1993, new populations were located north-west of Clyde Hill and south of Peak Charles, both areas had been
recently burnt (January 1991).
References
Lander (1990).
286
Opercularia hirsuta F.Muell. RUBIACEAE
Silky-haired Stinkweed
An erect herb, about 30 cm tall, with straight and slender stems. The stems and foliage are covered with long, soft
almost silky hairs. The few leaves are linear (12-28 mm) with an obtuse apex. Flower heads are globular, on erect
stalks, and have numerous small flowers; the calyx-tubes are joined, and the calyx-lobes are scarcely as long as the
silky-hairy corollas. Seeds are oblong-egg-shaped, obtusely 4-angled and wrinkled except for the 2 lateral smooth
angles.

Opercularia hirsuta apparently occurs between the Oldfield River and Lucky Bay and extends north to Peak Charles. It
grows in shallow soil over granite, in low shrub communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations


2 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 1 Good
3* Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 2 Good
4* Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 500+ Post-fire
5 Esperance Bay Esp Esp - 1800s - -
6 Young River Esp Esp - 1800s - -
7 Oldfield River Esp Rav - 1800s - -
It may be a disturbance opportunist, as a large population was found after a hot fire burnt Peak Charles in January 1991.

Unknown

O. hirsuta is poorly known, although it was collected four times by George Maxwell last century.
The taxonomic distinction between O. hirsuta and some other Opercularia is unclear; inspection of the type specimen is
required to verify collections in the Western Australian Herbarium (G. Keighery, personal communication). A number
of plants with affinity to the described taxon, but less hairy, were found during recent surveys (not included in table).
References
Bentham (1867), Grieve and Blackall (1982).
287
Opercularia rubioides Juss. RUBIACEAE
An erect, rather stout and rigid plant, 3-6 cm tall, with numerous woody, hairless stems arising from the base. Leaves
are lanceolate (10-25 mm), acute at the apex, lack stalks, and have margins that curve backwards; the upper surface is
covered in short, stiff hairs that are rough to touch (scabrous). Flowers are numerous in globular heads which are borne
on very short, recurved stalks and subtended by 2 floral leaves; the calyx lobes are lanceolate.

Opercularia rubioides was described from a specimen collected last century by Drummond "towards Cape Riche".
Currently, it is known only from three localities, near Cascade and north of Jerramungup. Near Lake Cairlocup it grows
on a broad valley floor in deep, white siliceous sand associated with Eucalyptus redunca mallee.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Griffiths Rd Esp Esp Private 16.10.68 ?Cleared -

2 Lake Cairlocup Kat Kent NR 1.84 Rare -
3 Jerramungup,NE Alb Jer - 30.10.65 - -
Unknown

Unknown

O. rubioides is an inconspicuous plant which may account for the lack of collections. The location where it was
collected near Griffiths Rd in 1968 has probably been cleared for agriculture, however other populations may occur in a
nearby Nature Reserve.
Surveys in the Cascade area in 1992 and 1993 failed to locate this species. Further survey is required.
References
Bentham (1867), Grieve and Blackall (1982).
288
Paracaleana sp. Nuytsland (A.P.Brown s.n.) ORCHIDACEAE
Esperance Duck Orchid
A small, inconspicuous orchid, 9-10 cm tall, with 1 or 2 flowers. Leaves are 10-15 x 3-7 mm. Flowers (15-18 x 8-12
mm) are reversed compared to a typical orchid and have green, broad spreading column wings which form a pouch
almost enclosing the stigma. The unusual labellum is insect-like and flicks over when touched.
This taxon resembles Paracaleana linearifolia ms, but differs in having a narrower labellum and deeply cleft column
wings.

P. sp. Nuytsland is known from only one locality, about 150 km east of Esperance. It grows in sandy soil above a
winter-wet flat.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Nuytsland Esp Esp NP 9.83 50+ -
Unknown

Unknown

P. sp. Nuytsland should remain secure in Cape Arid National Park. Currently there is no specimen in the Western
Australian Herbarium. Further survey is required.
References
289
Patersonia inaequalis Benth. IRIDACEAE
Unequal Bract Patersonia
Plants forming small clumps, 30 cm tall. Leaves have parallel veins and are hairy near the base. The flower stalks are
leafless and lack hairs. The white or yellow flowers have a narrow, tubular perianth with 3 broad, spreading lobes; the
second outer bract is attached higher than the first. The staminal tube is long and there are 3 stamens; the inferior ovary
is 3-celled.

Patersonia inaequalis occurs in Cape Le Grand National Park and on Mondrain Island in the Archipelago of the
Recherche. Last century the type was collected by G. Maxwell near Stokes Inlet, however it has not been recorded from
there since. P. inaequalis grows in shallow sand over laterite or sand over granite rock, in coastal scrub heath,
associated with Banksia speciosa, Lambertia inermis or Eucalyptus angulosa.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Hellfire Bay Esp Esp NP 27.8.91 - -

2a Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 8.9.86 Common -
2b Mt Le Grand,W Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 2 Good
3 Frenchman Peak Esp Esp NP 8.8.71 - -
4* Lucky Bay,N Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 5+ Good
5 Mondrain Island Esp Esp - 14.11.50 - -
6 Stokes Inlet Esp Esp NP 1800s - -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

In the Cape Le Grand National Park, P. inaequalis is usually widely scattered, with no more than a few plants together.
Further survey of larger islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche is desirable. Monitoring of known populations is
recommended.
References
290
Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman 4424) PROTEACEAE
[ex. Persoonia aff. hakeiformis]
This taxon has affinity with Persoonia hakeiformis which is a much-branched, somewhat spreading shrub, 1.0-1.5 m tall
x 1.3 m wide. Leaves are cylindrical and slightly tapering (25 mm) with a groove on the under side; a few hairs occur at
the base. The yellow perianth has a large pouched segment (saccate) on the lower side; one of the 4 anthers is sterile;
the style is curved.
Flowering Period: ?May

P. sp. Scaddan is known only from the Grass Patch-Scaddan area. It grows in mallee woodland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Grass Patch,E Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 27.5.82 - -

& VCL
2 Truslove Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -
Unknown

Unknown

References
291
Phlegmatospermum eremaeum (J.M.Black) E.A.Shaw BRASSICACEAE
A prostrate annual, 2 cm tall with closely-hairy stems (2-10 cm). The basal leaves (to 4 cm) form a rosette; stem leaves
are elliptical (to 2 cm) and often toothed. Flowers are pale purplish to white and are borne in dense clusters (racemes);
sepals (1.5-2 mm) and petals (2-3 mm) are small; stamens are flat and wide at the base; the style is very short. The fruit
is an oval-shaped capsule with 5-7 seeds (1 mm) per locule.

Phlegmatospermum eremaeum occurs between Coolgardie and Eyre, south of the Trans Australian Railway line. It
grows in red loam over limestone in chenopod shrubland.
This species is also found on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia and in mallee scrub of South Australia and Victoria.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Norseman,N Esp Dund - 8.8.51 - -

2 Cocklebiddy,SSE Esp Dund NR 1.10.84 Common -
3 Haig,S Gold Bldr - 1.10.84 - -
4 Coolgardie Gold Cool - 1899 - -
Unknown

Unknown

P. eremaeum is apparently uncommon, although it is an inconspicuous annual, and its wide distribution from Coolgardie
to near Eyre suggests that more populations may occur. It should remain secure in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve.
References
Hewson (1982).
292
Pimelea graniticola Rye THYMELAEACEAE
An erect, spreading shrub, 0.2-1 m tall, with stems that are yellow-red near the flowers becoming almost black further
from the apex. Leaves are alternate, lack hairs except when immediately below an inflorescence, pale green to bluish
green, and narrow-linear (4-17 x 0.5-1 mm). Bisexual, cream or white flowers are borne in a compact head which is
surrounded by about 40 involucral bracts. The bracts are similar in colour to the leaves, narrowly triangular to linear (6-
8 x 1-2 mm), densely hairy inside and with or without hairs on the outside; the margins have long hairs (ciliate). Both
the floral tubes (6 mm) and sepals (2-5 mm) are very densely hairy on the outside and hairless inside.
Pimelea graniticola resembles P. imbricata and P. villifera, but differs from both in having more numerous involucral
bracts; as well, it has narrower leaves compared to P. imbricata. P. graniticola is distributed east of longitude 118o E,
while the other two species occur to the west of this meridian.
Flowering Period: September - December

P. graniticola extends from Chiddarcooping Hill south to near Roes Rock, and from near Pingaring east to Stennet
Rock, a range of about 330 km. It grows on granite outcrops, in soil pockets or shallow soil over granite sheets.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Stennet Rock Esp Esp VCL 18.11.92 2 Good

2a Mt Gibbs Esp Rav VCL 13.11.79 1 -
2b Mt Gibbs plain Esp Rav VCL 27.11.64 - -
3 Chiddarcooping Mer West NR 7.11.90 20-30 Healthy
4 Mt Holland track Nar ?Kon VCL 11.31 - -
5 Roes Rock,NNW Alb Jer NP 17.11.85 Scattered -
Unknown

Unknown

P. graniticola is widely distributed, although most populations are small. Further survey is required.
References
Mollemans et al. (1993), Rye (1988).
293
Scaevola brookeana F.Muell. GOODENIACEAE
[= S. brooksiana J.H.Willis]
Heart-leaved Fan-flower
An erect shrub, to 60 cm tall. Leaves are dull, bluish-green sometimes with a whitish bloom that rubs off (glaucous),
stem-clasping, broadening towards the base to form a heart shape, and widely toothed on the margins. Usually 1 to 3,
blue flowers are borne in the axils of leaves; the corolla is hairless outside and the tubular portion of the corolla has
short hairs on the inside; the style has short, soft hairs below the middle and the indusium (at the apex of the style) is
only slightly downy.
Flowering Period: April - May, October - December

Scaevola brookeana was first discovered by Miss S.J. Brooks last century "in the vicinity of Israelite Bay". All recent
collections are from Mt Ragged, 40 km to the north-west of Israelite Bay, where it grows in shallow, grey-brown sandy
loam amongst quartzite rocks.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 1 000+ Post-fire
Two years after a hot burn (February 1991), many S. brookeana seedlings and a few larger, flowering resuckers were
present on the slopes of Mt Ragged. Eight years earlier (January 1983), another fire burnt Mt Ragged and S. brookeana
was collected two years after that fire. The population is therefore unlikely to be threatened by frequent fires.
Monitoring is recommended.

Unknown

S. brookeana is known in the Western Australian Herbarium as S. brooksiana. It is recommended that the former name
be adopted (Carolin 1992).
References
Carolin (1992), Grieve and Blackall (1982), Mueller (1884).
294
Spyridium mucronatum Rye subsp. mucronatum RHAMNACEAE
A mid-dense shrub, 50-60 cm tall and 40-50 cm wide. Leaves are alternate, narrow linear-ovate (3-4 x 1 mm), the upper
surface is bright green and glossy with the margins rolled backwards to nearly join in the middle on the under side. The
base of each leaf has 2 appendages (stipules) that are relatively large (1-1.5 mm) and triangular-shaped. Small heads of
4-6, cream-coloured flowers are numerous in the leaf axils; the outer surface of the calyx (1 mm) is covered in dense
white hairs, the inner surface lacks hairs; the short style (0.3 mm) has slightly enlarged, 3-lobed stigma.
Two subspecies are recognised, subsp. mucronatum and subsp. multiflorum. The latter is more robust, has larger leaves
and more flowers per head than subsp. mucronatum.
Flowering Period: March - May

Spyridium mucronatum subsp. mucronatum is a widespread taxon occurring from near Hatter Hill to south of
Balladonia; subsp. multiflorum is more restricted being distributed between Gibson and Mt Ragged, a distance of about
140 km. The species grows in sand or sandy loam in mallee shrublands or heaths. Associated species include
Eucalyptus uncinata, E. eremophila and E. leptocalyx.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

subsp. mucronatum
1a Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 60+ Average
1b* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 13.9.92 10+ Good
2 Mt Ridley, NNE Esp Esp VCL 8.3.80 Rare -
3a* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10 Good
4a Mt Buraminya Esp Esp VCL 8.11.80 Scattered -
4b Parmango Rd Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 120+ Good
5 Ponier Rock,WSW Esp Esp VCL 11.12.90 Common -
6 Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 100+ Good
7a Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp - 6.3.80 Scattered -
7b* Salmon Gums,E Esp Esp ?Water Res. 18.11.93 100+ Good
8* Truslove Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 10+ Good
9* Truslove,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 Frequent Good
10* Scaddan,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 24.9.92 Common Good
11* Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 Few Average
12* Swan Lagoon Esp Esp NR 24.9.92 5 Good
13* Norwood Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 25.9.92 20+ Good
14 West Point Rd Esp Rav ?VCL 29.9.84 - -
16* Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 10+ Good
17* Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 50+ Good
295

subsp. multiflorum
1 Scaddan,S Esp Esp - 13.11.76 - -
2 Muntz Rd Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -
3 Mt Ragged,SW Esp Esp NP 12.1.66 - -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

S. mucronatum was considered to be poorly known and possibly vulnerable by Burgman (1985b) and Newbey (1983).
Subsequent taxonomic work by Barbara Rye (personal communication) and further field surveys have shown subsp.
mucronatum to be widespread and common. The more robust subsp. multiflorum, however, is poorly collected and
possibly rare.
References
296
Stipa exilis Vickery POACEAE
A rather small, densely tufted grass, 25-60 cm tall and 5-15 cm wide, with mostly basal leaves to half the height.
Individual culms are slender, cylindrical, compressible, ribbed, and slightly rough-hairy just below the nodes; the 2
nodes are finely-hairy and up to 50% broader than the adjacent internodes. Leaf sheaths (about 5 mm wide) are ribbed
and covered in rough, short stiff hairs. The ligule is firmly membranous (0.5-2.5 mm) and obtuse; the auricle has a
dense to sparse tuft of long, straight or woolly hairs. Leaf blades (to 25 cm x <0.5 mm) are strongly ribbed and softly-
hairy on the inner surface; the margins are rough with short hooks. Flower clusters (panicle, to 20 x 3 cm) have unequal,
few-flowered branches (to 7 cm). The spikelets (8-10 mm) have very unequal, 3 or 5-nerved glumes and a long awn
(35-55 mm) which is almost straight or gently twice bent.

In Western Australia, Stipa exilis is known from only a few widely distributed localities, from near Cocklebiddy and the
Gnowangerup-Needilup area, nearly 800 km to the east. It grows in well-drained, pale brown calcareous sandy loam, in
a moderately sheltered, flat marine plain in an Eucalyptus yalatensis high open shrubland, or in E. occidentalis
woodland.
This species is most abundant in South Australia where it grows in heath and scrub on sandy soil. It barely extends into
Victoria and Western Australia (although not on the Nullarbor Plain).
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Cocklebiddy,S Esp Dund NR 5.10.87 - -

2 Loc 1401 Alb Jer - 10.11.75 - -
3 Gnowangerup,S Kat ?Gno - 10.10.62 - -
Unknown

Unknown

S. exilis is poorly known in Western Australia. It should remain secure in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve.
References
Newbey (1983), Vickery (1980), Vickery et al. (1986).
297
Thysanotus brachyantherus Brittan ANTHERICACEAE
A perennial herb that has a small rootstock with clustered fibrous roots that swell 5-7 cm from the stock into tubers (3-4
cm). The flowering stem is surrounded by 4-5 hairless leaves (up to 15 cm). Flower heads (panicle) are mostly solitary
with 1-4 flowers; the flowering stems are cylindrical, hairless and have triangular-shaped bracts (5-12 mm) at the lowest
branch; floral bracts are membranous (1.5-2 mm); flowers stalks (5-7 mm) are articulated about 1 mm from the base.
The flowers have 3 inner petals that are mauve or purple and have long fringes on the margins. The 6 anthers (2-3 mm)
are slightly curved and twisted.

Thysanotus brachyantherus is known from the Mt Ragged-Russell Range area and about 80 km to the north-east
towards Mt Heywood. It grows in sandy clay, clay over limestone, loam or in sandplain in low open heath associated
with Banksia, Dryandra or Eucalyptus species.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 26.10.89 Uncommon -

2 Mt Ragged,S Esp Esp NP 8.12.60 - -
3 Russell Range Esp Esp NP 8.12.60 - -
4 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 9.10.80 Rare -
Unknown

Unknown

A hot fire in February 1991 burnt the Mt Ragged region where this species is known to occur. The species was not
found during a survey in April 1993; its response to fire is unknown.
T. brachyantherus grows in a variety of habitats, so the taxon may be more frequent than collections indicate. Further
survey is required.
References
Brittan (1972).
298
Thysanotus parviflorus Brittan ANTHERICACEAE
A perennial herb with a small rootstock which is surrounded by the previous year's bracts, leaf bases and stems. Roots
are thickened and fleshy. The leaves and floral stems are opposed by 1 or 2 membranous bracts (about 4 cm). Leaves
are few, narrow-linear to cylindrical (10-25 cm), hairless, and have membranous bases similar to bracts. There is
usually only 1 cluster of flowers per plant, borne on a cylindrical stem (14-25 cm), which is either unbranched or up to
4-branched. Inflorescences (umbels) are usually paired and have 4-6 flowers borne on stalks (8-10 mm). The perianth
has 3 outer linear segments (7 x 1.5 mm) with a fine sharp, point; the 3 inner segments ('petals') are purple, broadly
elliptical and have long (2 mm) fringed margins. The 6 stamens have purple anthers which are straight (not twisted) and
the inner 3 are longer than the outer 3 anthers. The ovary is 3-locular; the style is erect and straight (3 mm). Fruits are
cylindrical capsules (4 x 2 mm) bearing up to 6 seeds each; the black seeds have a yellow fleshy appendage (aril).

Thysanotus parviflorus is distributed over about 400 km from the Stirling Ranges to Cape Le Grand. It grows in sandy
loam in low Eucalyptus mallee sandplain on the lower slopes of hills.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1a Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 19.11.79 - -

1b Hill 49 Esp Esp NP 19.11.79 - -
2 Greens Rd Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -
3 West Mt Barren Alb Jer NP 28.10.65 - -
4 Stirling Ranges Alb - NP 15.10.74 - -
5 Denmark,E Alb Dnmk MRWA Rd Res. 26.11.90 Occasional -
6 Brookton,SSE Nar Brktn - 21.10.83 Occasional -
Unknown

Unknown

T. parviflorus is widespread along the south coast, occurring in the Stirling Range, Fitzgerald River and Cape Le Grand
National Parks, where this taxon should remain secure.
References
Brittan (1981).
299
Trachymene croniniana F.Muell. APIACEAE
An erect annual, 10-50 cm tall, with the stems covered in scattered, spreading, usually rigid hairs. Leaves are palmately
divided, usually into 3 irregularly lobed segments. Numerous (3-12) flowers are borne in umbrella-like clusters
(umbels); petals are white; sepals are absent. Fruits are hairless, with only 1 very wrinkled fruitlet developing.
Flowering Period: June, November

Trachymene croniniana is known only from two localities, about 270 km apart, in the Stirling Ranges and east of
Coujinup Hill. It grows after fire, in grey-brown sandy clay in rocky habitats near creeks or water bodies.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 2
Known Populations

1 Coujinup Hill,E Esp Rav VCL 25.6.83 - Regen.

2 Salt River Rd ?Kat ?Cbk - 14.11.82 Rare Regen.
According to G. Keighery (personal communication), this species occurs after hot summer fires.

Unknown

References
Blackall and Grieve (1980), Burgman (1985b).
300
C. Priority Three Taxa
Based on the October 1992 Priority Flora List, there are 42 Priority Three taxa known from within the boundaries of the
Esperance District. Of these, 26 taxa were located during surveys in 1992 and 1993. New populations or sub-
populations were found for 13 taxa.
District:
Acacia durabilis ms
Acacia heterochroa subsp. heterochroa ms
Acacia pinguiculosa subsp. pinguiculosa ms
Acacia ?excentrica (B.R.Maslin 5463)
Adenanthos glabrescens subsp. exasperatus
Calocephalus aervoides
Grevillea fulgens
The following taxa were deleted as they were found to be another species:
Chorizema sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 2135)

= Chorizema circinale
Eucalyptus sp. Scaddan (K.R.Newbey 8183)
= Eucalyptus misella
Eucalyptus sp. Mt Ney (M.I.H.Brooker 8922) [aff. diptera]

= Eucalyptus creta
Dryandra sp. 16 (A.S.George 9446)
= Dryandra viscida
361
Acacia eremophila var. variabilis Maiden & Blakely MIMOSACEAE
A compact rounded or low spreading shrub, 1-4 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are cylindrical (50-110 x 1-1.5 mm), rigid,
straight, commonly with a deflexed tip with a sharp rigid point, and have about 10 parallel nerves depressed below
raised internerve spaces bearing raised stomata. The light golden flower heads are globular (3-4 mm), 20-25 flowered
and borne with 2 per axil on stalks (2-3 mm). Legumes are linear (50 x 1.5-3 mm), raised over and constricted between
the seeds, undulate and covered in short, soft hairs. Seeds are arranged longitudinally in the pod, elliptic (2.5-3 mm),
dark brown and have a terminal appendage (aril).

Acacia eremophila var. variabilis is known from a few widely distributed localities, from near Bruce Rock to
Balladonia, a range of over 500 km. It grows in sandy habitats.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Balladonia,W Esp Dund - 9.79 - -

1b Balladonia,W Esp Dund - 9.9.76 - -
1c Norseman,E Esp Dund - 17.11.93 Not found -
2a Comet Vale Gold Men - 6.9.61 - -
2b Menzies,S Gold Men - 1975 - -
3 Zanthus,E Gold Blder - 2.9.68 - -
4 Ardath Nar BR - 17.12.89 - -
Unknown


In November 1993, a survey between Norseman and Balladonia failed to locate this taxon; it may be difficult to find
unless it is flowering. Further survey is required.
362
Acacia euthyphylla Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE
A rounded to funnel-shaped shrub, 1-2 m tall. Branchlets are finely ribbed, slightly flexible and lack hairs. Phyllodes
('leaves') are linear (40-90 x 2-3 mm), narrowed towards the base, slightly thickened, erect, light green, have a fine point
at the tip, and a midrib that is only slightly raised; a gland occurs 10 mm or more from the base. The golden flower
heads are globular (4-5 mm), 18-21 flowered, with 2 heads (raceme, 1-2 mm) borne per leaf axil on long stalks (5-8
mm). Flowers are 5-merous with free sepals. The shiny legumes are linear (to 60 x 3.5 mm).
Acacia euthyphylla ms is similar in appearance to A. crassiuscula and A. cupularis. A. crassiuscula prefers granitic
habitats and has thicker dark green phyllodes with strongly raised midribs and the gland closer to the base, while
A. cupularis can be distinguished by the blunt or callus point at the tip of the phyllodes and single flowers in the axils.

A. euthyphylla ms is distributed between Truslove and Clyde Hill, a range of 120 km. It grows in sand or clay loam in
seasonal swamps or around the margins of salt lakes, in tall myrtaceous shrubland and mallee woodland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Truslove Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 2 Good

2 Cox Rd Esp Esp NR & 22.9.92 200+ Good
Shire Rd Res.
3 Lignite Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 20+ Fair
4 Bronzewing Rd Esp Esp - 6.9.84 - -
5 Dempster Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. & VCL 25.9.92 3000+ Good
6a Mt Ney Rd Esp Esp NR 10.84 - Post-fire
6b Mt Ney Rd Esp Esp ?NR 3.8.83 - -
7 ?Niblick Hill Esp Esp Private 24.2.83 Common -
8* Truslove Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 5+ Good
9* Karl Berg Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.10.92 30 Good
10* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1000+ Good
* = new population
Unknown


A. euthyphylla ms is widespread at the northern limit of agriculture, north-east of Esperance. It is known to occur in two
Nature Reserves and in Crown Land which is not currently threatened by clearing for agriculture.
363
Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa Maslin MIMOSACEAE
A low, compact shrub, 30-60 cm tall, which is densely covered in long white hairs. Leaves (6-15 mm) are bipinnate
with one pair of pinnae (5-15 mm) having 3-4 pairs of narrowly oblong to elliptic pinnules (3-6 x 2-3 mm) that are
nerveless above and 1-nerved below. Appendages at the base of the leaves (stipules) are very narrowly triangular (4-8
mm). The golden flower heads are globular (6-8 mm), 17-20 flowered and borne on long, hairy stalks (15-20 mm). The
legume (up to 40 x 5-6 mm) is covered in long hairs.
Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa is similar to subsp. moirii which has 3-7 pairs of leaf pinnules that are hairless above
and sparsely hairy below.
Flowering Period: April - July

A. moirii subsp. dasycarpa is distributed between the Hamersley River and Munglinup, mainly south of the South Coast
Highway. A disjunct population occurs between Lake King and Newdegate. It grows in white sand in tall open
shrubland or in stony quartzite in low heath.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Lake King- Kat LG - 13.7.71 - -

Newdegate
2 Mt Desmond Alb Rav VCL 15.12.92 100+ Healthy
3 Hopetoun,N Alb Rav - 10.9.70 - -
4a Eyre Range,W Alb Rav NP 30.5.70 - -
4b Eyre Range,W Alb Rav NP 16.7.71 - -
5a Hamersley Drive Alb Rav NP 12.9.83 Occasional -
5b Hamersley Drive Alb Rav NP 25.5.83 Common -
6 West River Alb Rav - 3.70 - -
7a No Tree Hill,NE Alb Rav NP 6.8.93 20+ Disturbed
7b No Tree Hill,NW Alb Rav NP 8.10.75 - -
8 East Mt Barren Alb Rav NP 13.4.74 - -
9* Vermin Proof Fence Alb Rav Shire Rd Res. 8.9.93 40+ Good
10* Bedford Harbour Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Verge 9.9.93 8 Vulnerable
11a* Fence Rd Alb Rav Shire Rd Res. 8.9.93 1 Good
11b Coujinup Rd Esp Rav MRWA Rd Res. 9.9.93 10+ Disturbed
12* Coxall Rd Esp Rav MRWA Rd Res. 9.9.93 2 Average
Grows most vigorously in areas that have been disturbed. It may be an opportunistic species that becomes less common
as plant communities mature.
364

The population north-east of No Tree Hill is vulnerable to clearing for road maintenance; resurvey is required as the
track was widened in November 1993. Monitoring of known populations is recommended.
References
Maslin (1975).
365
Acacia octonervia R.S.Cowan & Maslin MIMOSACEAE
A low, spreading shrub, 20-50 cm tall and up to 1 m broad. Branchlets are brownish-red. Phyllodes ('leaves') are
cylindrical (terete, 15-20 x 1-1.5 mm) with 8 raised nerves, rigid, erect, dark green and have a fine point at the tip; an
inconspicuous gland occurs 4-10 mm from the base. Small triangular appendages (stipules, 1.5-2 mm) are persistent at
the phyllode base. The light golden flower heads are globular (3-4 mm), 20-flowered, with 1 or 2 borne per axil on long
stalks (7-12 mm). Flowers are 5-merous, hairless and have free sepals. Legumes are narrowly oblong (to 25 x 3 mm),
shiny, leathery and undulate. Seeds are widely elliptic (2-2.5 mm long), brown and arranged longitudinally in the
legume.
Acacia octonervia is a member of the "A. sulcata group" and is most closely related to A. sulcata which has 6- or 7-
nerved phyllodes, golden heads of 10-15 flowers and mottled seeds.

A. octonervia occurs in the area between the Fitzgerald and Young Rivers, with a disjunct population near Boxwood
Hill. It grows in rocky sand or loam, or sandy clay in open mallee, dense low heath and open dwarf scrub communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 9.9.92 20-50 Good

1b Melaleuca Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 10.9.92 1000+ Good
2 Melaleuca Rd Esp Rav ?Private 21.10.68 - -
3* West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 10.9.92 200+ Good
4* West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 2000+ Good
& VCL
5* Cascades Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 Common Good
6 Rawlinson Rd Esp Rav ?Shire Rd Res. 20.1.81 - -
15.9.92 Not found -
7* Rawlinson Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 15.9.92 200+ Good
8 Whoogerup Range Alb Rav NP 7.10.75 - -
9 Thumb Peak Alb Rav NP 30.12.83 - -
10 Bandalup Creek Alb Rav VCL 6.10.66 - -
11 Middamidup Rd ?Alb ?Rav - 9.79 - -
12 Corackerup Alb Jer NR 12.82 Common -
13 Monjebup Rd Alb ?Jer Shire Rd Res. 10.76 - -
* = new population
Unknown
366

Within the Esperance District, A. octonervia is common in the upper reaches of the Young River catchment area.
However, most of the known populations occur on road reserves and are vulnerable in the long term. Occasional
monitoring is required.
367
Acacia pritzeliana C.A.Gardner MIMOSACEAE
A shrub, up to 1 m tall, with few openly spreading branches that are covered in short white hairs. Phyllodes are almost
cylindrical but laterally flattened (4-7 x 1.5 mm), sparsely hairy and have a spine at the tip. Appendages at the base of
the phyllodes (stipules) are rigid and spinescent. The golden flower heads are globular (4 mm), 20-flowered and borne
singly in the axils of phyllodes on long purplish stalks (10 mm). Flowers are 5-merous. Legumes are cylindrical, long
(about 65 x 3 mm), smooth, pendulous and red-brown.

Acacia pritzeliana is widespread between the Young River and Mt Ragged extending northwards to Kumarl, a range of
about 250 km. A disjunct population occurs near Spargoville. It grows in sandy loamy soil in woodlands and mallee
scrub. Associated species may include Eucalyptus salmonophloia and E. diptera.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Spargoville,S Gold Cool MRWA Rd Res. 5.66 - -

2a Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 25+ Post-fire
2b* Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 2 Post-fire
2c* Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 20+ Post-fire
2d* Mt Ragged,SW Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 2 Post-fire
3 Mt Ragged,SW Esp Esp NP 17.1.66 - -
4 Thomas River Esp Esp - 1938 - -
5a Clyde Hill,E Esp Esp NR 19.5.93 100+ Good
5b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp NR 19.5.93 Frequent Good
5c* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Good
7a Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 4.83 - -
7c* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 10+ Good
7d* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 50+ Post-fire
7e* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 5+ Good
8 Mt Ney,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 10+ Good
9 Mt Ney,NW Esp Esp VCL 15.8.85 - -
10a Dingo Rock,SE Esp Esp VCL 12.5.90 Common -
10b* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 3+ Good
10c* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 Occasional Good
10d* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 10+ Good
11a Wittenoom Hills Esp Esp NR 25.9.92 10+ Good
11b* Norwood Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 25.9.92 5+ Good
12a Scaddan East Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 9.79 - -
24.9.92 Not found -
12b Scaddan East Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 5+ Good
12c* Scaddan East Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 1 Fair
12d* Scaddan,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 20.11.92 1 Fair
13 Scaddan,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 25.9.83 - -
368
14 Grass Patch,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 5 Good

15a Salmon Gums Esp Esp - 24.9.92 - -
15b Salmon Gums Esp Esp Research Stn 10.8.51 - -
16 Kumarl Esp Esp - 7.38 - -
17a Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 13.9.92 15 Fair
17b* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 5+ Good
17c* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.9.93 5+ Good
18 Dunn Swamp,E Esp ?Esp ?VCL 15.11.80 Rare -
19* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.9.92 2 Vulnerable
20* Parmango Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.11.93 20+ Good
21* Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 1 Fair
22* Scaddan,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 24.9.92 3 Good
23* Scaddan,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 24.4.92 5+ Good
24* Mt Burdett,S Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 25.9.92 5+ Good
28* Sheoak Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 Occasional Good
29* Mt Ridley,W Esp Esp VCL 23.5.93 5+ Good
30* Mt Buraminya Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 1 Good
31* Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 5+ Good
32* Cascades Rd Esp Esp NR 9.9.93 20 Good
Following fire, A. pritzeliana resuckers; some plants (pop. no. 7d) were observed to have spent pods and were again
flowering 28 months after fire.


A. pritzeliana is widely distributed north-west and north-east of Esperance. Rather than having discrete populations,
this species tends to have only a few scattered plants at any locality, which may account for it being poorly known.
This species is known to occur in three Nature Reserves and in Cape Arid National Park where it is relatively common
and not threatened.
References
Gardner (1939b).
369
Acacia singula R.S.Cowan & Maslin MIMOSACEAE
An erect shrub, 0.4-2 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are linear (25-45 x 1.5-4 mm) and sometimes slightly wider towards
the apex, semi-rigid, the 1-7 nerves are slightly to strongly raised and the tip has a fine curved point. The golden flower
heads are oval to oblong (6-9 x 4-4.5 mm), solitary in the phyllode axils on stalks that are short (to 3 mm) or absent.
Flowers are 4-merous. Legumes are linear (to 65 x 3.5 mm wide) and strongly raised over and constricted between the
seeds. Seeds are broadly elliptic (3 mm), arranged longitudinally in the legume, and dull black with an appendage (aril)
two-thirds as long as the seed.
Acacia singula is closely related to A. multispicata which has cylindrical to compressed phyllodes, paired flower heads
(spikes) in each axil, longer legumes and proportionately shorter appendages on the seeds.

A. singula occurs between Lake Grace and Cascade, a range of about 220 km. It grows in gravelly sand over laterite,
sometimes on rises and hilltops, in heath, scrub and mallee shrubland communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 500+ Post-dist.

2 Hatter Hill Esp Rav - 27.10.92 1000+ Good
3 Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 8.12.84 Frequent -
4 Sth Ironcap,S Mer Kon VCL 8.12.84 - -
5 Lake Grace,E Kat LG MRWA Rd Res. 13.9.80 - -
6 Lake King,N Kat LG ?MRWA Rd Res. 16.9.64 - -
7 Lake King,S Kat LG ?MRWA Rd Res. 6.10.66 - -
8 Lake King,W Kat LG ?MRWA Rd Res. 11.9.64 - -
9 Newdegate,SW Kat LG NR 1.79 - -
Plants regenerate well in disturbed areas but may be vulnerable to further clearing.


The known populations of A. singula are widely distributed. In the Esperance District both of the known populations
are vulnerable. The Hatter Hill population (no. 2) is threatened by clearing from mining activities. A portion of the
West Point Rd population (no. 1) coincides with a Shire gravel pit. Monitoring of these populations and further survey
are required.
370
Adenanthos gracilipes A.S.George PROTEACEAE
An erect shrub, to 1.5 m tall, with a lignotuber. Branches are sparsely covered with short hairs when young which
disappear with age. Leaves are rigid, cylindrical (20 mm) and mostly divided into 3 segments which are again divided
in two. Flowers are solitary or rarely in pairs and borne on short stalks (3 mm) at the ends of branches. The perianth
(17-18 mm) is cream or pink at the swollen base and the narrow tube is red-pink and covered in white hairs on the
outside; inside is hairless. The ovary (1 mm) is hairy and the style (30 mm) lacks hairs.
Flowering Period: July - March

Adenanthos gracilipes is distributed between Lake Cronin and Peak Charles, a range of 150 km. It grows in deep
siliceous sand in open mallee-heath. Associated species include Callitris spp., Hakea corymbosa, Melaleuca subtrigona
and Calytrix decandra.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 90 Mile Tank,E Esp Esp VCL 15.9.64 - -

2 Peak Charles,N Esp Esp NP & VCL 18.9.93 500+ Post-fire
3a Frank Hann Esp Esp NP 16.9.93 100+ Good
3b Frank Hann Esp Esp NP 17.9.93 20+ Good
4 Tadpole Lake,S Esp Esp NP 21.7.79 Frequent -
5 Round Top Hill,SSW Esp Dund VCL 1.11.79 Scattered -
6 Hyden,E Esp Dund VCL 7.9.73 - -
7 Forrestania,E Esp Dund VCL 25.11.64 - -
8 Lake Hope Esp Dund VCL 18.1.78 - -
9 Lake Varley-Lake King Kat LG - 1965 - -
Thirty-two months after a hot fire in January 1991, plants which had resuckered from rootstock were flowering; no
seedlings were seen.


A. gracilipes appears widespread in Frank Hann National Park and in Crown Land to the north and east, a remote area
which has been poorly surveyed due to the lack of access. At present, this species does not appear to be threatened.
References
George (1974), Nelson (1978).
371
Allocasuarina eriochlamys CASUARINACEAE
subsp. grossa (L.A.S.Johnson) L.A.S.Johnson
A dense shrub or small tree, to 3 m tall. Articles (a section of modified stem that breaks at a joint) are 9-18 mm long
and 1 mm diameter, not ridged; there are 8-11 teeth (0.5-1 mm). Male spikes (16-35 mm) have 10-11 whorls per cm.
Cones (20-30 x 14-21 mm) are borne on stalks (4-15 mm); bracts are thickened laterally so that the base appears 2-
lobed; bracteoles protrude prominently beyond the cone body, have an acute apex and an indentation below the apex.
Allocasuarina eriochlamys subsp. grossa is distinguished from A. campestris by having more prominent and thicker
cone bracts, and the bracteole has an indentation below the apex whereas it is close to the apex in A. campestris. Cones
are smaller (16 x 13 mm) in A. campestris.
Flowering Period: Not known

A. eriochlamys subsp. grossa grows on granite outcrops near Norseman and west of Coolgardie, a range of 160 km.
Associated species include Eucalyptus websteriana, A. helmsii and A. campestris.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Norseman,N Esp Dund - 8.9.66 - -

1b Norseman,NE Esp Dund - 29.8.74 - -
1c Norseman,E Esp Dund - 6.9.62 - -
1d Norseman Esp Dund - 2.35 - -
1e Beacon Hill Esp Dund - 4.9.68 - -
2 Woolyeenyer Hill Esp Dund - 14.3.80 Scattered -
3 Sinclair Soak,NE Esp Dund - 10.8.80 Common -
4 Zanthus-Cocklebiddy Esp Dund - 10.64 - -
5a Bulla Bulling,W Gold Cool - 7.9.66 - -
5b Bulla Bulling Gold Cool - 4.63 - -
Unknown

Unknown

A. eriochlamys subsp. grossa is poorly collected, which may be due to its similarity to A. campestris which is common
and widespread in the same range as this taxon. It is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. Further survey is
required.
References
Wilson and Johnson (1989).
372
Banksia lullfitzii C.A.Gardner PROTEACEAE
A dense, rather tangled shrub, 1.5 m tall, with a lignotuber. Branches are rigid, erect and covered in soft hairs. Leaves
are scattered, linear (200-450 x 8-18 mm), hairy becoming smooth, dentate with well spaced, sharp-pointed, regular
teeth. The golden-orange to orange-brown flower heads are ovoid-cylindrical (4-13 x 8-10 cm), hidden amongst the
foliage and borne on erect short branchlets. The perianth (34-49 mm including limb of 5-6 mm) is hairy outside and
smooth inside. Up to 30 elliptic fruits (15-25 x 8-10 mm) are borne per head.
Banksia lullfitzii is closely related to B. elderiana which has very similar leaves, but the yellow flower heads are
pendulous and the perianth lacks hairs.
Flowering Period: March - May

B. lullfitzii is distributed from north of Koolyanobbing to near Ravensthorpe, a range of over 300 km. It grows in yellow
sand on plains, in heath and tall shrubland communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Koorarawalyee Gold Cool - 16.5.66 - -

2 Boorabbin Gold Cool NP 3.10.73 - -
3 Queen Victoria Rock,S Gold Cool - - - -
4 Yellowdine,E Mer Yil - 4.2.66 - -
5 Bungalbin Hill,NE Mer Yil VCL 22.9.81 1 -
6 Brontie Mer Yil Pastoral Lease 14.12.26 - -
7 Aurora Range,NE ?Mer Yil - - - -
8 Duri,S Gold Cool VCL 23.9.79 Rare -
9 Vermin Proof Fence Esp Rav ?VCL 11.67 - -
?10 Ninety Mile Tank,W Esp Dund ?NP 1991 - ?Burnt
According to George (1987), B. lullfitzii is fire-tolerant, resprouting from a lignotuber.

Presumed susceptible but occurs outside the area where Phytophthora is likely to be a threat.

B. lullfitzii is poorly known. A population is recorded in the Banksia Atlas (Taylor 1985) as occurring near Ninety Mile
Tank; there is no specimen in the Western Australian Herbarium to authenticate this locality. A fire in January 1991
burnt Ninety Mile Tank and surrounding areas. Resurvey is required once populations are reproductively mature. In
1993, surveys in the general area found B. elderiana only.
Leigh et al. (1984) recommended an extension of the western edge of the Boorabbin National Park to include the
Koorarawalyee population.
References
George (1981, 1987), Holliday and Watton (1975), Leigh et al. (1984), Taylor (1985).
373
Boronia fabianoides (Diels) Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE
A low shrub, 15-40 cm tall, with branches sparsely to densely covered in short hairs. The yellow-green leaves are near-
opposite or alternate, frequently crowded, slender-cylindrical (5-15 mm), covered in small wart-like protuberances and
lack hairs. The small flowers are axillary and borne on short stalks (1-2 mm). The 4 petals are broadly elliptic (3-5
mm), have a prominent thickened midrib and are usually cream-coloured, but may be pale pink, pale blue or mauve.
The stalks (filaments) of the stamens are fringed with hairs; the hemispherical ovary (1 mm) is shiny with a minute style
(0.5 mm). Seed is ellipsoidal (2 mm).

Boronia fabianoides is mainly distributed between Salmon Gums and Clyde Hill, a range of about 120 km. Two
populations have been found between Norseman and Balladonia. It grows on flat or undulating plains in brown
calcareous loam, in woodland and shrub communities. Associated species include Eucalyptus oleosa, Melaleuca
uncinata, Westringia rigida, Spyridium mucronatum, S. minutum and Acacia profusa.
Plants with affinity to B. fabianoides have been found further north, near Norseman and the Woodline Hills.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations


2 Grass Patch,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 23.9.92 10+ Good
3* Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 2 Disturbed
4* Truslove,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 23.9.93 15 Good
5* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Disturbed
6a Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 15+ Seedl. Post-fire
6b Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 9.11.80 Scattered -
6c* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 5+ Good
7a Clyde Rock Rd Esp Esp VCL 8.84 - -
7b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Seedl. Post-fire
8 Cox Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 15.10.82 - -
22.9.92 Not found -
9 Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp NR 18.11.93 2+ Good
10* Norseman,ENE Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 1 Good
11 Balladonia,NW Esp Dund - 12.11.76 - -
12 Dundas-Lake Lefroy Esp Dund - 1893 - -
Readily grows in situations that have been disturbed, for example, along the edges of tracks. Twenty-eight months after
a fire (January 1991) north-west of Clyde Hill, numerous seedlings were found on a track.
374
Unknown

B. fabianoides is an inconspicuous plant which has been poorly collected.
B. fabianoides occurs on Crown Land north of the agricultural area and is not currently threatened by clearing. A few
plants have been found on the eastern boundary of the Salmon Gums Nature Reserve. Further opportunistic survey is
recommended.
References
Wilson (1970).
375
Caladenia longicauda subsp. rigidula Hopper and A.P.Brown ms ORCHIDACEAE
Rigid White Spider Orchid
A distinctive orchid, 25-40 cm tall. Each plant has up to 3 white flowers (7-12 x 6-10 cm) with stiffly held petals and
sepals; the dorsal sepal bends forwards over the flower while the rear lower sepals are held backwards horizontally and
the front sepals hang down; the long labellum fringe and calli are red-purple. Leaves are 10-25 cm long and 6-20 mm
wide.
Similar taxa which grow in the same range as Caladenia longicauda subsp. rigidula ms are: subsp. australora ms
which has all 4 lower sepals hanging down; and the smaller flowered (4-6 x 4-5 cm) C. cruscula ms which has a
reclining habit.

C. longicauda subsp. rigidula is widely distributed along the eastern south coast, between Pallarup Rocks and Mt
Ragged, a range of 350 km. It grows around rock outcrops and other winter wet areas in sand, loam and sandy clay.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Wittenoom Hills Esp Esp NR 25.9.92 50+ Good

2 Mt Ney,SW Esp Esp - 9.8.80 - -
3 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 7.84 - -
4 Kau Rocks Esp Esp VCL 1.9.84 - -
5 Howick Hill Esp Esp Private 19.9.68 - -
6 Swamp Reserve Esp Esp - 1.9.77 - -
7 Juranda Rockhole Esp Esp VCL 16.8.80 - -
8 Pine Hill Esp Esp NP 16.8.80 - -
9 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 15.8.80 - -
10 Sheoaks Hill Esp Esp NR 14.8.80 - -
11 Coomalbidgup Esp Esp Shire Water Res. 9.77 - -
12 Howick Rd Esp Esp NR 5.9.78 - -
13 Swan Lagoon Esp Esp NR 24.9.92 1000+ Good
14 Ashdale Esp Esp - 8.9.65 - -
15* Lort River Esp Esp VCL 20.9.93 4 Good
?16 West River Alb Rav VCL 19.8.77 - -
17 Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav - 22.9.79 - -
18 Pallarup Rock Kat LG NR 6.9.84 30 -
* = new population
Unknown
376

C. longicauda subsp. rigidula is widespread in the Esperance District. It has been collected in seven nature reserves and
Cape Arid National Park; it should therefore be secure.
References
377
Centrolepis cephaloformis CENTROLEPIDACEAE
subsp. murrayi (J.M.Black) D.A.Cooke
A small, moss-like annual herb forming dense, rounded tufts, 4-8 mm tall and 8-15 mm wide. The green leaves are
linear (3-9 mm), sometimes bend backwards, have a sheathing base and a translucent sharp tip. Flower heads (2-3 x 1-
1.6 mm) are nestled amongst the inner leaves and have only 1 bisexual flower; 2 primary bracts tightly enclose the head;
carpels 8-10; the style is free.
Centrolepis cephaloformis subsp. murrayi can be distinguished from subsp. cephaloformis as it has solitary flowers,
while subsp. cephaloformis has 3 flowers per head. It differs from C. humillima by having 2 floral bracts (not 1), more
numerous carpels and the free style.

C. cephaloformis subsp. murrayi is known only from four widely separated localities. It was first collected on North
Pearson Island in South Australia, and has since been found in the Archipelago of the Recherche, near Bremer Bay and
inland from Kalbarri. It has been found in seepages over granite rock, near a watercourse and on a saline flat.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Boxer Island Esp Esp NR 8.11.50 - -

2 Mt Cooper,NNW Alb Jer - 9.10.87 1 Patch -
3 Ajana,W Ger Nthn - 23.8.65 - -
Unknown

Unknown

C. cephaloformis subsp. murrayi is a minute annual that is poorly known, but has possibly been overlooked because of
its small size. It has been collected only four times in the last 70 years. Further survey is required.
References
Black (1923, 1960), Cooke (1980).
378
Chorizema ulotropis J.M.Taylor & Crisp PAPILIONACEAE
A straggling, sparse shrub, to 45 cm tall, and often tangled amongst other shrubs. Leaves are linear (8-20 x 1 mm), near
opposite or alternate, stalked, finely sharp-pointed and sometimes hooked at the tip; margins are rolled tightly
backwards towards the midrib (revolute) which is prominent on the underside; basal appendages (stipules) are absent.
Up to 10 flowers are borne in head-like clusters (racemes, 10-15 mm) at the ends of branches. The calyx (6-8 mm) is
densely covered in fine, long white or grey hairs; lobes are acute at the tip, the lower lobes are divided for more than or
equal to half the length of the calyx, the upper 2 lobes are united but have free tips. The corolla has a large slightly
reflexed petal (8-10 x 8-11 mm) which is dented in the middle on the margin and coloured orange-yellow on the upper
side and dark red-brown underneath; the wings are yellow and red-brown and shaped like an ear lobe (7.5-10 x 1-2 mm);
the narrow keel which often protrudes between the wing-petals is orange-yellow at the base and dark red-brown at the
tip which narrows to a point (2-4 mm) and is often curled. Stamens are all free. The ovary is covered in long, silky
white hairs. Legumes are fleshy (5-7.5 x 3-4 mm).
Chorizema ulotropis has affinity to C. cytisoides, C. obtusifolium, C. circinale and C. uncinatum all of which have
broader leaves (>1.5 mm).

C. ulotropis mainly grows in the Jerramungup area, although one specimen has been collected near Young River. It
grows on flat or undulating plains in sand, gravelly sand or sandy clay, in mallee-heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations (List incomplete as specimens on loan)

1 Young River Esp Esp - - -

2 Ravensthorpe,W Alb Rav - 14.8.82 - -
3a Jerramungup,E Alb Jer MRWA Rd Res. 17.9.83 - -
3b Jerramungup,E Alb Jer MRWA Rd Res. 12.9.66 - -
4 Needilup Hill Alb Jer - 16.8.64 - -
5 Ongerup,E Alb Jer MRWA Rd Res. 23.8.63 - -
6 Ongerup,W Alb Gno - 22.8.62 - -
Unknown

Unknown

No populations are known in any conservation reserve. Further survey is required.
References
Taylor and Crisp (1992).
379
Cypselocarpus haloragoides (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell. GYROSTEMONACEAE
A sprawling, short-lived herb, 10-15 cm tall and up to 1 m diameter, which divides at ground level into 4-7 prostrate
slender stems. Leaves are narrow-elliptical (7-20 x 3-5 mm), acute at the tip, lack stalks, semi-succulent and are
scattered along the branches. Separate male and female inflorescences are borne singly on short stalks (1 mm) in leaf
axils at the ends of branches. Male flowers are small (3 mm across), pale yellow, with 8-10 anthers which are 2-celled.
Female flowers are similar to male flowers, the near cylindrical ovary (2 mm) is smooth with a recessed apex; the stigma
is 3-lobed and fringed with hairs. The fruit is an enlarged, barrel-shaped carpel (4-6 mm).
Cypselocarpus haloragoides has a similar habit to Gyrostemon prostratus which has succulent, linear leaves (3-5 mm).

C. haloragoides is distributed between the Stirling Range and Israelite Bay, a range of 550 km. It grows in well-drained
sand on coastal dunes and on sandplain. Associated species include Sporobolus sp., Acacia cyclops, Scaevola
crassifolia, Dryandra armata and Melaleuca leptospermoides.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 22.10.60 - -

2 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 50+ Good
3 Mt Baring,N Esp Esp NP 12.10.83 15 -
25.4.93 Not found -
4a Esperance Esp Esp - 12.56 - -
4b Esperance Esp Esp - 8.62 - -
5 Jerdacuttup Lakes Alb Rav NR 15.10.83 Common Post-fire
6 Ravensthorpe,WSW Alb Rav NP 17.9.79 1 Disturbed
7 Woolbernup Hill,NE Alb Rav NP 22.11.85 Rare -
8 Devils Creek Rd Alb Jer - 1960s Few -
9 Bremer Bay Alb Jer - - - -
10 Bremer Bay,S Alb Jer - 18.6.74 Common -
11 Bremer Bay Alb Jer Golf Club 31.8.76 - -
12 Bremer Bay,W Alb Jer - 12.9.87 Scattered Post-fire
13 Chester Pass Rd Alb Gno NP 3.9.69 - Post-fire
14 Salt River Rd Kat Cbk - 17.11.82 Common Post-fire
15 Camel Lake Kat Cbk NR 28.20.83 - Post-fire
Appears to be a disturbance opportunist. It has usually been found on sandplain after fire or on near-shore sand dunes.
380
Unknown

C. haloragoides occurs in the Stirling Range, Fitzgerald River and Cape Arid National Parks and in two Nature
Reserves.
Perry (1992) indicates that the specimens housed in the Western Australian Herbarium under this name are very
variable, suggesting that more than one taxon may be involved. Further taxonomic work is recommended.
References
George (1982), Newbey (1983), Perry (1992).
381
Dicrastylis obovata Munir CHLOANTHACEAE
An erect, openly branching shrub, 60-90 cm tall. The greyish green leaves are broadest above the middle (obovate, 0.7-
1.5 x 3-7 mm), obtuse at the tip, almost hairless, leathery when dry and overlap towards the ends of branches. Dense
clusters of flowers (panicle, 35-60 x 20-25 mm in outline) are borne on long stalks (5-6 mm) which are further arranged
in groups (cyme) with individual flower stalks (2-4 mm) covered in grey felt-like hairs. Flowers are mostly 5-merous,
with a bracteole on either side of the bract. The calyx (1-2 mm) is covered in short, greyish felt-like hairs, and the pale
grey or white corolla (4-5 mm) is sparsely hairy. Five stamens (sometimes 4) are much exserted beyond the corolla.
The ovary (1 mm) is densely white hairy.
Flowering Period: July, October - November

Dicrastylis obovata is known to occur in the Frank Hann National Park and further north, near Lake Hope, a range of
about 50 km. It grows in deep yellow sand in shrub communities associated with Melaleuca uncinata and Grevillea
excelsior.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations


17.9.93 1 only Vulnerable
2(?=1) Ninety Mile Tank,W Esp Dund VCL 17.10.74 - -
3 Forrestania-Lake Hope Esp Dund VCL 25.11.64 - -
Appears to be a disturbance opportunist.

Unknown

D. obovata is very poorly known and possibly rare. All of the D. obovata collections which have been recorded from
Frank Hann National Park appear to be from the one locality; the population (no. 2) recorded by both H. Demarz and E.
Witter (17.10.74) as "W of Ninety Mile Tank", would also be at the same locality if they travelled the Lake King-
Norseman Rd. In 1993, a survey relocated the population (no. 1) in Frank Hann National Park, and only one plant was
found alongside the road where the verge had been disturbed. Further survey is required.
References
Munir (1978).
382
Dodonaea trifida F.Muell. SAPINDACEAE
An erect shrub, to 1 m tall, with separate male and female flowers. The spreading branches are densely hairy. Leaves
are triangular (7-12 x 4-10 mm) and 3-lobed above the middle, rarely dividing again, lack stalks, smooth or sparsely
hairy on margin and midrib, leathery, and margins are slightly rolled backwards (revolute). Clusters of 3-5 flowers are
borne on short stalks (1-2 mm) at the ends of branches. Male flowers have 8 stamens with large anthers (2-3 x 0.8 mm)
that have an hairy appendage at the apex. Female flowers have a densely hairy, oblong ovary (1.5 mm) comprising 3
carpels. Fruits are 3-angled capsules which are dark red or brown tinged with purple at maturity, and bear 1-4 seeds that
are black and shiny.
Fruiting Period: November - January

Dodonaea trifida is widely distributed between Albany and the Oldfield River, a range of about 300 km. It grows in
grey loamy sand, rocky loam, clay or gravelly soils, and is most often found on hillsides, as an undershrub in coastal
scrub or low woodland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Ravensthorpe,E Esp Rav - 5.8.72 - -

2 Kundip Alb Rav VCL 20.11.66 - -
3 Thumb Peak Alb Rav NP 27.10.67 - -
4 Fitzgerald River Alb ?Rav NP 1970 - -
5 Bremer Bay,NNW Alb Jer NP 18.9.86 Scattered -
6 Millars Point Alb Jer Shire Res. 17.11.92 300+ Healthy
7 Cape Riche Alb Alb Shire Res. 3.11.92 50+ Healthy
8 Mt Melville Alb Alb Shire Res. 22.11.64 - -
Unknown

Unknown

D. trifida should remain secure in the Fitzgerald River National Park. Further survey is required.
References
Robinson and Coates (1995), West (1984b).
383
Dryandra viscida A.S.George PROTEACEAE
[= Dryandra sp. 16 (A.S.George 9446)]
A dense, rounded shrub, to 1 m tall, without a lignotuber. Branches are hairy and densely leaved. Leaves are linear
(150-350 x 5-10 mm) and cut into close, acute, short (3-6 mm), triangular lobes on both sides almost to the midrib.
Flower heads are golden yellow and closely successive at the ends of branches. The perianth limb (55 mm) and bracts
are hairy and sticky. Seed capsules are oblong (15 mm), sparsely hairy and sticky.
This taxon has affinity to Dryandra horrida.
Flowering Period: July

D. viscida is known from Hatter Hill, Digger Rocks, and the Ironcaps, where it grows in stony red-yellow loam in low
scrub, associated with Grevillea, Acacia and Allocasuarina.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Hatter Hill Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 1000+ Good

2 South Ironcap Nar Kon - 8.7.79 Frequent -
3 Middle Ironcap Nar Kon - 2.10.86 - -
4 Digger Rocks,W Nar Kon - - - -
Unknown

Presumed susceptible but occurs outside the area where Phytophthora is considered to be a threat.

Monitoring of the population at Hatter Hill is essential. Although mining activity has currently ceased, the population is
vulnerable to future disturbance. Liaison with the mining tenement holder is needed.
Further survey is required. D. viscida is not known in any conservation reserve.
384
Eremophila purpurascens Chinnock MYOPORACEAE
A shrub, to 1.5 m tall, with branches that are densely covered with wart-like, slightly raised glands. Leaves are alternate,
mostly clustered at the branch tips, very thick, almost fleshy, broader towards the tip and gradually tapering to the base
(obovate-spathulate, 5-13 x 2-7 mm), apex obtuse, but the tip is pointed and curved backwards; the lower surface has
warty protuberances. Single flowers are borne in the leaf axils on long, purplish, S-shaped stalks (10-25 mm) that are
covered in short, glandular and non-glandular hairs. The 5 calyx lobes are divided to the base, broad obovate (8-11 x 6-
8 mm), overlap one another, mostly purple and covered in glandular hairs on both sides. The corolla is yellow with
purple spots in bud, and the open flower is light purple with dark purple spots and inside the short tube (10-12 mm) is
yellow in the lower portion. The 4 stamens extend slightly beyond the tube; the ovary is smooth. Fruits are conical (4 x
3 mm), drying black and have a wrinkled exterior. Seeds are small (2 x 0.5 mm), oblong and white.
Eremophila purpurascens is closely related to E. alternifolia which has less warty branches and linear leaves (20-35 x
1-4 mm).

E. purpurascens is restricted to the granite hills around Norseman, with a known range of less than 15 km. It grows in
rocky, red-brown loam in low shrub and woodland communities. Associated species include Melaleuca uncinata and
Triodia spp.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Jimberlana Hill Esp Dund Unvested Res. 19.11.92 200+ Good

1b Norseman,ENE Esp Dund ?VCL 18.11.93 2+ Good
2 Norseman,NE Esp Dund - 29.8.74 - -
3 Norseman,NW Esp Dund VCL 24.10.67 - -
4 Lake Cowan Esp Dund VCL 11.9.76 - -
5 Norseman Hills Esp Dund - 27.9.31 - -
6 Norseman,S Esp Dund - 21.10.64 - -
Unknown

Unknown

E. purpurascens appears to very geographically restricted. The majority of localities where this species grows are
covered by mining leases. Further intensive survey of hills and ridges in the vicinity of Norseman is required.
References
Chinnock (1979).
385
Eucalyptus brockwayi C.A.Gardner MYRTACEAE
Dundas Mahogany
An erect tree, up to 25 m tall. Bark is smooth to patchy, white or grey peeling in patches to expose fresh bark that is
salmon pink to bronze. The juvenile leaves are pale green, hairy, crowded, and lack stalks, linear (30 x 5 mm)
becoming elliptical (20-70 x 5-30 mm). Adult leaves are stalked, green and glossy, narrow-lanceolate (70-130 x 7-15
mm) with a very dense network of veins and apparently lack oil glands. Each inflorescence has 11-15 buds borne on an
rounded or slightly angular stalk (peduncle, 5-14 mm). Individual buds (7-8 x 3-4 mm) are on very short stalks, smooth,
have a bluntly conical bud cap that is shorter than the calyx tube, and a scar where the cap joins the tube. Flowers are
white. Fruits are almost globular/urn-shaped (urceolate, 5-7 x 5-7 mm) with a thin rim, a descending disc, and 3 or 4
enclosed valves. Seed is smooth, grey, compressed ovoid, with longitudinal grooves.

Eucalyptus brockwayi occurs around Norseman, over a 50 km range. It grows in red sandy, often gravelly loam, on flat
or gently sloping ground, in open woodland. Associated species include E. flocktoniae, E. dundasii, E. lesouefii, E.
griffithsii, E. salmonophloia and Acacia merrallii.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Norseman,W Esp Dund - 15.12.40 - -

1b Norseman,W Esp Dund - 7.2.66 - -
1c Norseman,W Esp Dund - 6.46 - -
2 Norseman Esp Dund - 1.36 - -
3 Norseman,NNW Esp Dund - 27.4.88 - -
4a Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 21.6.78 Abundant -
4b Mt Thirsty Esp Dund ?VCL 27.1.67 - -
5 Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 2.11.92 15 Good
6 Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 1.2.79 Dominant -
7 Norseman,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 20.11.92 20+ Good
8 Norseman,NW Esp Dund VCL 20.11.92 Frequent Good
9a Norseman,SE Esp Dund - 11.11.70 - -
9b Norseman,SE Esp Dund ?VCL (Mining Lease) 18.9.78 - -
9c* Norseman,SSE Esp Dund ?VCL 19.11.92 4 Good
10 Norseman,S Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 29.3.68 - -
11 Norseman,S Esp Dund ?MRWA Rd Res. 19.9.78 - -
12 Woolyeenyer Hill Esp Dund - 14.3.80 Very common -
13 Jimberlana Hill Esp Dund - 18.11.87 - -
14* Brockway Esp Dund Timber Res. 18.11.92 14+ Good
* = new population
386
Unknown

Unknown

E. brockwayi is widespread around Norseman, although most of the known populations are small. Up to 26 km north-
west of Norseman, along the Norseman-Coolgardie Highway, and westwards along a track towards Theatre Rock, E.
brockwayi is frequent, but never abundant, with only 3 to 6 widely scattered trees at any particular locality. It is not
known to occur in any conservation reserve.
A timber reserve has been proposed for an area between Theatre Rocks and Lake Cowan, which would include
E. brockwayi and E. pterocarpa populations (Henry-Hall 1990). Further action on this proposal is required.
References
Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Gardner (1942), Henry-Hall (1990).
387
Eucalyptus creta L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill MYRTACEAE
Large-fruited Gimlet
A tree, to 10 m tall, with coarsely fluted stems and shining, smooth, bronze to coppery bark. Adult leaves are lanceolate
or narrow-lanceolate (60-100 x 10-18 mm) with a sparse network of veins and large oil glands, thick, bright green and
distinctly glossy. Up to 3 flowers are borne per inflorescence; stalks are very short (1-3 mm) or absent. Buds are
globular to ovoid (about 15 mm wide) with conical to hooked bud caps. Flowers are creamy yellow. Fruits are broadly
hemispherical, (9-12 x 15-21 mm), 2-winged, 4-5 valved and have a broad, raised scar (1.5-2.5 mm wide) from the bud
cap.
Eucalyptus creta is related to E. diptera which has smaller buds (10-14 x 7-11 mm) and fruits (7-11 x 10-15 mm).

E. creta has a scattered distribution north-east of Mt Ridley, with a known range of about 50 km. It grows on brown
clay loam, in woodland or very open tree mallee and heath, associated with Melaleuca and Acacia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Sheoak Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 350+ Good

2 Sheoak Hill,NE Esp Esp VCL 12.84 - -
3 Sheoak Hill,NE Esp Esp VCL 9.84 - -
4 Clyde Rock,NNW Esp Esp VCL 12.84 - -
5 Mt Beaumont,N Esp Esp VCL 12.84 - -
6 Wittenoom Hills,N Esp Esp VCL 16.9.70 - -
7 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp - 15.12.40 - -
Unknown

Unknown

E. creta is distributed in a remote area which is not threatened by clearing for agriculture. Resurvey of known
populations and further opportunistic survey are required.
References
Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Johnson and Hill (1991).
388
Eucalyptus exigua Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE
An erect mallee, about 3.5 m tall, with smooth bark. The grey-green juvenile leaves are ovate (to 70 x 40 mm), while
adult leaves are narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate (60-110 x 8-19 mm) and glossy light green. Up to 11 stalked buds are
borne on a rounded stalk (peduncle, 7-19 mm). Bud caps are very short (2 mm) and very constricted at the join with the
calyx tube (5 mm + 3 mm stalk). Flowers are white. Fruits are cup-shaped with 3 or 4 valves to rim level or enclosed;
the disc is descending and the rim thin.
Eucalyptus exigua is closely related to E. brachycorys which occurs near wet depressions in the northern and central
Wheatbelt. E. brachycorys grows up to 6 m tall, has a rough basal stocking and has smaller buds and fruits than
E. exigua.
Flowering Period: ?February

E. exigua occurs in the Lake Cronin area, with a known distribution of about 75 km. It grows on sandplain or in low
lying areas, in sandy loam, loam or clay loam in open woodland or mallee-heath communities. Associated species may
include E. dundasii, E. calycogona, E. eremophila, E. foecunda and E. sheathiana.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Mt Day,W Esp Dund VCL 7.11.83 - -

1b Hyden-Norseman Rd Esp Dund VCL 7.11.83 Frequent -
1c Cross Roads,E Esp Dund VCL 6.4.85 - -
2 McDermid Rock,SW Esp Dund VCL 15.7.79 Scattered -
3a Lake Cronin area Mer Kon VCL 6.2.81 Common -
3b Lake Cronin,NE Mer Kon VCL 21.10.86 Frequent -
3c Lake Cronin,E Mer Kon VCL 3.10.75 - -
4 Lake Cronin,E Mer Kon VCL 3.9.86 - -
5 Cross Roads,S Mer Kon VCL 22.7.88 - -
Unknown

Unknown

E. exigua is only known from Lake Cronin where it forms the dominant species in the plant community. Resurvey of
known populations and further survey are required.
References
389
Eucalyptus famelica Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE
A medium-sized mallee. Bark is smooth, grey or pinkish-brown, sometimes with thin, rough, persistent bark at the base.
Young branches are square in cross-section. Juvenile leaves are ovate to broad-lanceolate (80-120 x 30-40 mm) and
dull, blue-green. Adult leaves are glossy green, lanceolate (70-90 x 15-20 mm), with a dense network of veins and
sparse oil glands. Inflorescences are 7-flowered and borne on a stout, flattened stalk (peduncle, 5-12 mm). Buds (10-15
x 5-6 mm) are more or less stalkless, ribbed and have a rounded or conical to beaked bud cap. Flowers are white. Fruits
are cup-shaped to cylindrical (7-9 x 7-8 mm), ribbed, thick-rimmed, and have a descending disc and 3 or 4 enclosed
valves. Seed is brown and shallowly pyramidal in shape.
Eucalyptus famelica is similar to a number of species including: E. rigens which grows in saline habitats, has larger
buds and fruits, and 3-flowered inflorescences; E. incrassata which has slightly larger fruits (8-13 x 7-13 mm) that are
distinctly stalked, and black seeds; and, E. litorea which is known only east of Condingup.
Flowering Period: April - August

E. famelica is known only from near the coast between the Vermin Proof Fence and the Oldfield River, with a disjunct
population occurring about 30 km away, to the north of Munglinup. It grows in large clumps, emergent above low
shrubs in winter-wet depressions in undulating sandplain.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 VPF-Oldfield River Esp Esp NR, Shire Rd 2.2.89 3 000+ Good

Res. & Private
2 Stokes Inlet,NE Esp Esp - 7.5.81 Common -
Unknown

Unknown

E. famelica appears to be geographically restricted, with about 25% of the known localities occurring on the Lake
Shaster Nature Reserve where it should remain secure. The remaining populations are on road reserves and private
property (N. McQuoid, personal communication). Populations on farmlands are possibly vulnerable to clearing, rising
water tables and excessive salinity.
References
Brooker and Hopper (1989), Brooker and Kleinig (1990).
390
Eucalyptus histophylla Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE
A mallee, to 4 m tall. with smooth bark. The bluish-green juvenile leaves are ovate to lanceolate (to 11 x 4 cm), while
adult leaves are narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate (to 11 x 1 cm), held erect and slightly glossy green. Up to 13 spindle-
shaped, stalked buds (to 20 x 3 mm) are borne per flattened stalk (peduncle, 10-18 mm). The bud cap is horn-shaped
and may be hooked at the tip. Fruits are stalked and cylindrical (to 9 x 5 mm). Seeds are light grey-brown, smooth and
subspherical.
Eucalyptus histophylla is within the series Reduncae and is closely related to E. tumida which has a more southern
distribution in coastal and subcoastal areas, near Esperance. Possible hybrids of E. histophylla x tumida are found near
Clyde Hill, Salmon Gums and west of Grass Patch.

E. histophylla is known south of Norseman, and between Fraser Range and Balladonia extending southwards to Mt
Buraminya, a range of over 150 km. It predominantly grows on granite outcrops and may be associated with
E eremophila, E. fraseri, E. leptophylla and E. indurata.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 1 Good

1b Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 60+ Good
1c Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 20+ Good
3a Boingaring Rocks Esp Dund NR 12.12.90 Common -
3b Boingaring Rocks,E Esp Dund NR 21.8.89 - -
4 Mt Coobaninya Esp Dund VCL 22.8.89 - -
5 Mt Buraminya Esp Dund VCL 23.8.89 - -
6a Norseman,S Esp Dund ?MRWA Rd Res. 5.11.86 Frequent -
6b Norseman,S Esp Dund ?MRWA Rd Res. 3.1.78 - -
Unknown

Unknown

E. histophylla appears to widespread east and south-east of the Fraser Range. It occurs in the Dundas Nature Reserve
and Crown Land that is not threatened by clearing. Further opportunistic survey of granite outcrops within the known
distribution is recommended.
References
Brooker and Hopper (1991), Brooker and Kleinig (1990).
391
Eucalyptus ovularis Maiden & Blakely MYRTACEAE
Small-fruited Mallee
A mallee or small tree, to 9 m tall, with grey-brown rough bark on the lower half and smooth pinkish-grey bark above.
The rough stocking may be absent on plants growing north-east of Esperance. Leaves are stalked, alternating, narrow-
lanceolate (55-90 x 5-8 mm), at first dull, grey-green becoming glossy green with a dense network of veins and
numerous oil glands. More than 7 buds are borne per inflorescence on a slender, angular stalk (peduncle, 8-13 mm).
Individual buds are shortly stalked, ovoid (5-6 x 3 mm), with a scar where the bud cap joins the calyx tube. Flowers are
white. Fruits are borne on short stalks, ovoid to slightly urn-shaped (4-6 x 4 mm), thin rimmed with 3 enclosed valves
and a descending disc. Seed is brown, compressed-ovoid with a distinct, shallow, net-like pattern on the surface.
A species similar to Eucalyptus ovularis, which grows in the Esperance District, is E. myriadena (Bullfinch-Southern
Cross-Ravensthorpe) which has smaller, pear-shaped buds (4-5 x 2-3 mm) and very glossy, dark green leaves.
Flowering Period: September - April

E. ovularis is scattered from east of Ravensthorpe to near Balladonia, a range of about 260 km. It grows on sandy loams
or clays, in open shrub mallee over low scrub. Associated species include E. flocktoniae, E. eremophila and E pileata.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Londonderry,S Gold Cool - 29.9.79 Frequent -

2 Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 27.3.68 - -
3 Jyndabinbin Rocks,NE Esp Dund NR 11.12.90 Dominant -
4 Mt Willgonarinya Esp Dund VCL 13.12.91 Dominant -
5 Balladonia,W Esp Dund - 21.8.79 - -
6 Balladonia,SW Esp Dund - 11.5.78 Scattered -
7 Junana Rock Esp Esp NP 6.11.86 Dominant -
8 Clyde Rock,NW Esp Esp VCL 6.11.86 - -
9 Clyde Rock,NE Esp Esp VCL 8.83 - -
10 Mt Ney,NNE Esp Esp VCL 8.8.83 - -
11 Mt Ney,NNE Esp Esp VCL 6.5.83 - -
12 Mt Beaumont,NNE Esp Esp VCL 10.83 - -
13 Kumarl,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 5.11.86 Frequent -
14 Salmon Gums Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 14.11.87 - -
15 Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -
16 Grass Patch Esp Esp - 31.3.68 - -
17* Starcevich Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 20+ Good
8.1.91 - Burnt
19 Fields Rd Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 1+ Good
20 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 10+ Good
392

21 Rollond Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 6.6.83 - -

22 Cups Rd Esp Esp - 24.6.83 - -
23 Ravensthorpe,S Alb Rav - 30.5.70 - -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

E. ovularis is widely scattered in the Esperance District. It is known to occur in the Dundas and Salmon Gums Nature
Reserves and in the Peak Charles and Cape Arid National Parks, where it should remain secure.
References
Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Burgman (1985b), Maiden and Blakely (1925).
393
Eucalyptus semiglobosa Brooker MYRTACEAE
A mallee or rarely a small tree to 3 m tall. The bark is smooth, mottled grey, whitish or pale coppery. The adult leaves
are broad-lanceolate (80-110 x 10-30 mm), grey-green, glossy and have many side veins. Each inflorescence has up to 7
buds borne on a cylindrical, usually pendulous stalk (peduncle, 9-21 mm). Buds are stalked (2-8 mm), slightly ribbed
but non-angular (to 13 x 8 mm), and have bud caps that are rounded or hemispherical; a scar is present at the join of the
bud cap with the calyx tube. Flowers are white. Fruits are semi-globular (to 10 x 13 mm), thick rimmed and have 4
valves that are enclosed but appear exserted due to the persistent style fragments.
Eucalyptus semiglobosa is closely related to subsp. goniantha which occurs north-east of Albany, has ribbed or angular
buds and fruits, and bud caps with an acute, beaked tip. E. semiglobosa is also similar to E. kessellii which has cream
buds with pointed bud caps, wide flattened inflorescence stalks (peduncles) and larger ribbed fruits (10-18 x 13-18 mm).

E. semiglobosa has a scattered distribution from Cape Le Grand to near Mt Baring, a range of about 120 km. It grows
on shallow sandy soil near granite domes, or in grey sand on plains and near wet depressions or watercourses. It grows
in dense mallee thicket or in heath communities, associated with E. cooperiana, E. occidentalis, E. uncinata, E. aquilina
or E. ligulata.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Coronet Creek Esp Esp NP 22.4.72 - -

2 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp NR 14.11.87 Frequent -
3 Esperance,E Esp Esp - 25.3.68 - -
15.10.74 - -
4 Fisheries Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 26.9.92 1 Damaged
5 Boyatup Hill Esp Esp VCL 19.4.93 600+ Good
6 Logans Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 28.3.83 - -
7 Pt Malcolm,W Esp Esp NR 20.9.76 - -
8 Mt Arid Esp Esp NP 23.11.85 - -
Unknown

Unknown

E. semiglobosa is widely scattered in subcoastal areas east of Esperance. It occurs in the Coolinup Nature Reserve, and
Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid National Parks where it should remain secure.
References
Brooker (1976), Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Hill and Johnson (1992).
Gahnia sp. Grass Patch (M.A.Burgman 4431) CYPERACEAE
394
A tussock-forming perennial, 40-60 cm tall. Leaves are almost cylindrical and often curled at the tip; a tuft of long,
white hairs (3-5 mm) occurs at the top of the 'sheath' (6-7 cm from the plant base). Flowers are arranged in erect, spike-
like panicles; the brown spikelets have the stalk and awn covered in rows of minute clear barbs; the 4 or more outer
glumes are empty and the flowering glumes closely envelope the flowers and nut.

Gahnia sp. Grass Patch is common around and near salt lakes between Scaddan and Salmon Gums extending eastwards
to near Parmango Road, a range of over 100 km.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Truslove Esp Esp NR }

2 Cox Rd Esp Esp NR }
3 Ridley Rd Esp Esp NR } 20.9.88 10 000+ Good
4 Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR }
5 Howick Rd Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -
6 Styles Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 20.9.88 - -
7 Lignite Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 20.9.88 - -
Unknown

Unknown

Surveys by A. Wilson (personal communication) located "tens of thousands" of G. sp. Grass Patch between Salmon
Gums and Scaddan. It is known in four Nature Reserves, where it should remain secure. Only two specimens are
currently lodged in the Western Australian Herbarium; further collections are required.
References
Bentham (1878), Burgman (1985b).
395
Grevillea aneura McGill. PROTEACEAE
A dense shrub, to about 2 m tall. Leaves are narrow, rigid and divided, with lobes to 40 mm having sharp, pointed tips.
Flowers are red.

Grevillea aneura is mainly distributed between Lake King and Sheoak Hill, a range of 220 km. It grows in sand, sandy
clay, or loam in mallee-heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 20+ Good

2 Mt Gibbs,SE Esp Rav NP 11.8.79 1 -
4a West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 250+ Good
4b* West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 10+ Good
4c* Cascades Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 500+ Good
5 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 13.9.92 5 000+ Good
6 Salmon Gums,SW Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.1.81 - -
7 Salmon Gums,SE Esp Esp ? 11.3.80 Frequent -
8a Sheoak Hill,W Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good
8b* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 500+ Good
8c* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 500+ Good
8d* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good
9 Clyde Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 7.8.83 - -
10a* Fence Rd Kat LG ?VCL 26.10.93 200+ Good
10b* Vermin Proof Fence Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 - Good
11* Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 16.9.93 100+ Good
12* Edwards Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 50 Vulnerable
13* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 100+ Average
14a* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.9.92 50+ Average
14b* Fields Rd Esp Esp NR 14.9.92 50+ Good
15* Grass Patch,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 1 Fair
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown
396
Recent surveys have found G. aneura to be widespread and relatively common. It is known to occur in the Frank Hann
National Park and in two Nature Reserves. Large populations occur between Dingo Rock and Mt Ridley, an area which
is not currently threatened by clearing for agriculture.
References
Olde (1986).
397
Hakea bicornata R.M.Barker PROTEACEAE
A multistemmed, much-branched shrub, 1-1.3 m tall, with a lignotuber. Young branches are densely covered in short
hairs which disappear with age. Leaves are cylindrical (terete, 70-130 x 1.2-1.5 mm), not grooved, smooth when
mature, and have a long spine (1.5-2.5 mm) at the tip which is straight, not recurved. Inflorescences are usually 8-
flowered (umbel) developing directly from the leaf axil on a very short stalk which is covered in rust- brown hairs. The
sweet-smelling flowers have hairless stalks (4 mm); the torus is oblique with a gland on the lower side; the creamy-white
perianth (2.5 mm) lacks hairs and is recurved behind the limb, splitting into 4 free segments; the pollen presenter is
conical. The solitary fruits are broadly elliptic (15-22 x 12-15 mm), pale grey with black pustules and have 2
conspicuous horns (5-6 mm).
The leaves of Hakea bicornata are very similar to H. adnata, H. drupacea and H. obliqua. They can be distinguished
by the recurved leaf tip of H. adnata, and the longitudinal groove in the leaf of H. drupacea. The flowers of H. obliqua
are densely covered in short, silky silvery hairs.
Flowering Period: March - May, August

H. bicornata is distributed from east of Scaddan to near Mt Baring, a range of over 100 km. It grows in lateritic clay or
clay loam over granite, in shrubland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Mt Baring,NNW Esp Esp ?VCL 6.12.60 - -

1b Mt Baring,NW Esp Esp VCL 25.4.93 4 Good
2* Clyde Hill Esp Esp NR 19.5.93 500+ Good
3 Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 1 000+ Good
4 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 1993 20-30 -
5 Dempster Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 2 -
6 Freebairns Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 16 -
7 Campbells Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 23+ -
8 Wittenoom Hills Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 11 -
9 Howick Hill,NE Esp Esp ?VCL 1993 60+ -
10 Esperance Loc. 1533 Esp Esp Private 1993 130+ -
11 Neridup Loc. 232 Esp Esp Private 1993 20+ -
12 Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Private & 1993 200-300 -
Shire Rd Res.
13 Burdett Esp Esp NR 1993 23+ -
14 Fisheries Rd,N Esp Esp - 1993 40+ -
15 Coolinup Rd,NW Esp Esp Private 1993 30-40 -
16 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp - 1993 200+ -
17 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 300+ -
* = new population
Unknown
398
Unknown

H. bicornata is widespread through the agricultural area east of Scaddan (B. Norris, personal communication), and is
known in three Nature Reserves where it should remain secure.
References
Barker (1990).
399
Hopkinsia adscendens L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs ms RESTIONACEAE
A small rhizomatous sedge, with few culms, 15-50 cm tall and about 1 mm diameter. Rhizomes (5 mm diam.) are
connected by subterranean culms and grow up to 26 cm long. Culm internodes are 15-60 mm long. Sheaths are erect
(7-15 mm), slightly loose and obtuse at the apex. A single inflorescence branch (4-12 cm) is borne per sheath axil.
Flowers are few; bracts are about equal in length (1.5-3 mm). Male and female flowers are on separate plants; outer
tepals are shorter (<2 mm) than the inner tepals (>2 mm). Nuts (3 mm) are borne on short stalks and have a persistent
style base.

Hopkinsia adscendens ms is relatively widespread around Esperance and has been collected north-east of Albany. It
grows in small depressions and near watercourses in moist peaty sand with Banksia and Nuytsia.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Lort River Esp Esp ?VCL 11.10.68 - -

1b Lort River Esp Esp - 11.9.66 - -
2 Young River,W Esp Esp - 16.10.68 - -
3 Cape Le Grand Rd Esp Esp - 9.9.66 - -
4 Chillinup,E Alb Alb - 23.10.75 Frequent -
Unknown

Unknown

H. adscendens ms has been poorly collected, with only male plants represented in the Western Australian Herbarium.
According to B. Briggs (personal communication) this species is "difficult to find even within its range of occurrence".
400
Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum F.Muell. STERCULIACEAE
An upright to spreading shrub, to 1 m tall, with young branches covered in grey or rust-coloured, short matted hairs.
Leaves are dull green, linear-oblong (20 mm), obtuse at the tip, smooth above and covered in white or rust-coloured
hairs beneath. Flowers are borne on short stalks in few-flowered clusters (cyme) that are much shorter than the leaves.
The sepals (3-4 mm) are covered in fine grey to greenish almost scaly hairs on the outside, while inside is brown and
hairless. Bracteoles are small or absent. Petals are much reduced; the style is smooth and the ovary hairy.
Flowering Period: July - September

Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum is widely distributed between Bremer Bay and Point Malcolm, a range of 400 km. This
species is also known in New South Wales and Victoria. It grows in shallow sandy soil on granite or rocky outcrops, in
Eucalyptus woodland or mallee heath.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations In Western Australia

1 Point Malcolm Esp Esp NR 20.9.76 - -

2 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 30.7.90 Frequent -
3 Oldfield River Esp Esp - - - -
4* Howick Hill,E Esp Esp ?VCL 10.10.92 2 Good
5 Point Charles Alb Rav NP 16.7.80 Scattered -
6 Bremer Bay,NNW Alb Jer - 26.9.77 Frequent -
7 Bremer Bay,NNW Alb Jer - 18.9.86 Rare -
* = new population
Unknown

Unknown

The genus Lasiopetalum is currently under revision (C. Wilkins, personal communication). At present, the specimens in
the Western Australian Herbarium are poorly classified. Reassessment of the status of L. parvuliflorum should be made
after the Lasiopetalum collection has been correctly determined.
References
Bentham (1863), Robinson and Coates (1995).
401
Leucopogon apiculatus R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect shrub, to 1.5 m tall, which is hairless or softly-hairy. Leaves are oblong-lanceolate or almost elliptical (12-20
mm), with a flattened point at the tip. Loose clusters of white flowers (spike) are borne in the upper leaf axils. Bracts
are narrow-lanceolate and acute; bracteoles are half as long as the calyx. Sepals (3 mm) are often coloured. The corolla
tube is nearly as long as the calyx, with lobes as long as the tube. The depressed ovary is 4- or 5- celled. Fruit is dark
red-brown and much depressed, not exceeding the calyx.

Leucopogon apiculatus is known between Cape Le Grand and Mt Ragged, a range of 140 km, and on two islands in the
Archipelago of the Recherche. It grows in shallow sand over granite or quartzite, in scrub heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Hellfire Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 1+ Good

1b Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 10+ Good
1c Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 9.10.92 20+ Good
1d Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 10 Good
1e Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 8.10.92 1 Good
2 Orleans Bay Esp Esp Shire Res. 18.7.82 Common -
3 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 23.11.85 Frequent -
4 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 100+ Seedl. Post-fire
6 Sandy Hook Is. Esp Esp NR 10.11.50 - -
7* Mt Baring Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 200+ Good
* = new population
Unknown


L. apiculatus is widespread and common in localised areas east of Esperance and occurs in three conservation reserves.
402
References
Bentham (1869).
403
Leucopogon brevicuspis Benth. EPACRIDACEAE
An erect shrub, with or without hairs on the branches and foliage. Leaves are broadly oblong (about 12 mm long) or
slightly broader towards the apex, convex, with recurved margins or nearly flat, and have a minute, rigid spine at the tip.
Very short clusters (spike) of 2 or 3 flowers are borne in the leaf axils. The small bracts have a minute sharp point;
bracteoles are about half as long as the calyx; sepals (4 mm) are softly-hairy and acutely pointed at the tip. The corolla
tube is as long as the calyx; the corolla lobes are rather shorter and erect at the base. Anthers are obtuse and lack sterile
tips. The ovary is shiny and 5-celled. Fruit is ovoid-oblong (about 6 mm) with a very hard exterior.
Leucopogon brevicuspis is very closely related to L. propinquus which has rigid, linear leaves.

Bentham (1869) indicates L. brevicuspis was represented by two specimens, one collected in the Stirling Range and
another from an unspecified locality, collected by Drummond. Recent specimens with affinity to this taxon have been
collected from Frank Hann National Park, north-east of Mt Heywood, Mt Ney, and towards Israelite Bay.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Stirling Range Alb ?Plgt NP 1869 - -

3 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 7.84 - -
4 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 9.11.80 Scattered -
5* Point Malcolm,N Esp Esp NR 19.4.93 2 Fair
6* Sheoaks Hill Esp Esp NR 22.4.93 5+ Good
* = new population
Unknown


Further taxonomic work is required to determine the distinguishing characters of L. brevicuspis and which specimens in
the Western Australian Herbarium are within this taxon.
References
Bentham (1869).
404
Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella (Benth.) Barlow MYRTACEAE
A shrub, 1 m tall, which is hairless except for the shortly-hairy inflorescence axis. Leaves are arranged in threes,
narrowly ovate (4-9 x <1 mm), obtuse and slightly thickened at the apex, curve backwards, and have 10-15 large glands
on the lower surface. The inflorescence is a crowded spike or head (5-25 mm) of 10-35 flowers; bracts (1.2-2 x 1 mm)
are persistent to anthesis; sepals (0.6 mm) are persistent to mature fruit. There are 3-10 stamens (4-6 mm) per bundle
with filaments white to yellow. Fruits are shortly bell-shaped with an elongated base (2-4 x 3-5 mm), sometimes
compressed by mutual pressure, with persistent rounded outspread sepals.
Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella can be distinguished from subsp. incana which usually has hairy leaves that are larger
(4-17 x 1-3 mm), 40-100 small and about 20 larger leaf glands, and longer stamens (4-8.5 mm).

M. incana subsp. tenella is found on the coast and adjacent inland areas from near Esperance to Duke of Orleans Bay, a
range of about 60 km. It grows in swampy and moist areas in scrub thickets.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations


2 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp NR 14.11.93 300+ Good
3 Esperance,N Esp Esp - 18.9.50 - -
4 Condingup,SE Esp Esp Private 21.9.68 - -
5 Orleans Bay,N Esp Esp ?Rd Res. 30.9.68 - -
Unknown

Unknown

M. incana subsp. tenella is known in two conservation reserves. Further surveys, especially in the Lake Warden Nature
Reserve and the Cape Le Grand National Park, are recommended.
References
Quinn et al. (1992).
405
Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides Cowley MYRTACEAE
A tangled or spreading shrub, to 4 m tall. Leaves are spirally arranged on the stem, broadly elliptic (6-13 mm wide) and
undulate at the margin. The inflorescence is a spike of 30-65 flowers on an axis 23-47 mm long with a stalk (15-25
mm). The calyx tube is barrel-shaped (1.5 mm). Stamens are red with 23-34 per bundle; claws are 8-11 mm long.
Fruits are compressed barrel-shaped (3.5 x 5 mm), papery in texture and the valves are deeply recessed below the
aperture.
Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides differs from subsp. macronychia which has obovate to broadly obovate, flat
leaves, fewer stamens (20-23 per bundle) and longer claws (11-17 mm).
Flowering Period: February, July, August, October

M. macronychia subsp. trygonoides is found between Lake Johnston and Coolgardie, with a known range of 90 km. It
grows in shallow sandy soil on the margins of granite outcrops amongst scrub thicket, associated with Acacia,
Allocasuarina, Leptospermum and Melaleuca.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 McDermid Rock Esp Dund VCL 15.2.81 - -

2 Lake View Rock Esp Dund VCL 8.2.67 - -
3 Queen Victoria Rocks Gold Cool NR 21.10.88 Common -
4 Cave Hill Gold Cool VCL 23.10.88 Common -
Unknown

Unknown

M. macronychia subsp. trygonoides appears to have a specific habitat requirement around granite rocks, with known
populations occurring in a relatively remote area of Crown Land. Further opportunistic survey of granite outcrops west
and north-west of Norseman is recommended.
References
Cowley et al. (1990).
406
Myriocephalus appendiculatus Benth. ASTERACEAE
White-tip Myriocephalus
An erect annual herb, to 20 cm tall, which is sparingly branched and covered in loose, woolly and short glandular hairs.
Leaves are linear or narrowly ovate (5-35 x 1-5 mm), acute at the apex, and slightly dilated at the base which partially
clasps the stem. Solitary compound heads (up to 15 mm diam.) are borne at the ends of erect stems; bracts of the
general involucre have white spreading tips nearly 2 mm long. The numerous partial heads are 4-6 flowered. Achenes
are minutely hairy. Pappus are absent or of 1 or 2 microscopic scales.

Myriocephalus appendiculatus is widespread from Eneabba to Mt Ragged, with the majority of known populations
occurring in the Perth region. It grows in coarse sand and clay, often in moist depressions, in low open woodland.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 16.11.76 - -

2 Meekatharra,S Ger Cue - 7.10.89 - -
3 Ellen Brook Swan Metro NR 30.11.84 - -
4 Upper Swan Swan Metro - 11.11.59 - -
5 Eneabba,S Moora Car - 18.9.77 - -
6 Lake Indoon,W Moora Car - 8.9.79 Dense -
7 Gillingara Moora VP - 13.11.06 - -
Unknown

Unknown

M. appendiculatus is a widespread annual which has been poorly collected. Its extensive distribution suggests that
further populations should exist. Further survey is recommended.
References
Bentham (1867), Grieve and Blackall (1982), Marchant et al. (1987).
407
Persoonia scabra R.Br. PROTEACEAE
An erect shrub with branches covered in short hairs. Leaves are crowded, linear-lanceolate (12-25 mm), contracted at
the base, 1-nerved, and rough to touch (scabrous). Yellow flowers (10 mm) are borne on short stalks in leaf axils and
are either hairless or sprinkled with a few hairs. The ovary is shiny with a straight style and stigma.
Bentham (1870) considered Persoonia flexifolia and P. spathulata to be very closely related, with differences observed
being only "very slight, no more than what we constantly observe between different specimens of other species".

P. scabra was collected last century by Robert Brown from near Lucky Bay. It is known from the Frank Hann National
Park in the "Peak Charles-Mount Ragged area" (Weston 1984).
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 1802 - -

2 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 1978 - -
3? Peak Charles - Esp Esp - - - -
Mt Ragged area
Unknown


According to P. Weston (personal communication) "the name Persoonia scabra R.Br. has been misapplied in Western
Australia (by Blackall and Grieve and by the State Herbarium) to an undescribed species from the Lake Grace-
Newdegate-Ravensthorpe area.... The 'real' P. scabra R.Br. was not recollected until 1978 by Doug Monk in Frank Hann
National Park, but has been collected a number of times since then by Ken Newbey in the Frank Hann-Peak Charles-Mt
Ragged area. It is not endangered by land clearance at present".
At present, there are no 'real' P. scabra specimens in the Western Australian Herbarium. Further taxonomic work is
recommended along with surveys in the Frank Hann National Park to obtain representative specimens of this taxon.
References
Bentham (1870).
408
Pityrodia chrysocalyx (F.Muell.) C.A.Gardner CHLOANTHACEAE
An erect, branched shrub, 30-75 cm tall, with the stem and branches densely clothed in scales; branches are arranged in
threes. Leaves are small, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate (2-6 x 1-4 mm), reflexed, shortly pointed, margins are rolled
slightly backwards to form a shallow concavity on the lower side; the upper side is smooth, glutinous and underneath is
covered in scurfy scales. Flowers are solitary in the axil of upper leaves; the leaf-like bracts (2-4 x 1.5-2 mm) are
reflexed. The calyx (5-7 mm) has a long tube and 5 short lobes, and is densely scaly on the outside but smooth inside.
The white corolla (9-12 mm) has stellate hairs on the back of the lobes and is mostly smooth inside except for a dense
ring of hairs above the ovary; the lower lip is broadly elliptic and the other 4 similar lobes are oblong-elliptic; stamens
are exserted above the corolla tube; the globose ovary is densely hairy; the style is shortly 2-lobed at the tip. The fruit
(4-5 x 2-3 mm) is covered in hairs and has a depression at the top and 2 opposite, short projections at the distal end.

Pityrodia chrysocalyx is distributed between Scaddan and Norseman, extending westwards to Lake Tay and eastwards
to Mt Ridley. It grows in sand and sandy loam in open shrub mallee and woodland communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a Scaddan,N Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 13.11.76 - -

1b Grass Patch,S Esp Esp - 2.10.81 - -
3 Lake Tay,E Esp Esp VCL 11.11.79 Common -
4 Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 13.10.90 200+ -
5 Norseman Esp Dund - 14.10.67 - -
Unknown

Unknown

A survey between Scaddan and Grass Patch in 1992 failed to relocate this taxon. It is not known to occur in any
conservation reserve. Further survey is required.
References
Munir (1979).
409
Platysace haplosciadea (Benth.) C.Norman APIACEAE
A low, spreading perennial herb, to 25 cm tall. Stems are from a perennial rootstock, apparently leafless, cylindrical or
angular, erect and rush-like, but the upper branches often flexuose or recurved. Leaves are few and minute. Numerous
white or pale pink flowers are arranged on short slender stalks in simple umbels at the ends of stems. Involucral bracts
are linear and reflexed. Styles have a thick conical base. Fruit is smooth and flattish (2 x 2 mm), the dorsal edge almost
winged, the lateral ribs are thickened and almost as prominent as the somewhat turgid centres of the carpels, but separate
from them on each side by a narrow furrow.

Platysace haplosciadea is known from the Cape Arid and Cape Le Grand National Parks and a disjunct population
north-west of Margaret River. It grows in white sand in winter-wet areas in low heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1a 'Hill 49' Esp Esp NP 19.11.79 - -

1b Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 12.12.60 - -
1c Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 10.10.74 Common -
1d Rossiter Bay Esp Esp NP 7.11.82 - -
1e Ranger's residence Esp Esp NP 13.11.89 Plentiful -
3 Yelverton forest Bsltn Aug - 8.11.89 Abundant -
4 Gales Brook - - - 1800s - -
Unknown

Unknown

P. haplosciadea appears to be well represented in the Cape Le Grand National Park where it should remain secure.
Further opportunistic survey along the coast, east of Esperance, is recommended.
References
Bentham (1866).
410
Pomaderris intangenda F.Muell. RHAMNACEAE
A spreading shrub, to 90 cm tall, with spiny branches and extremely hairy branchlets. Leaves are small, oblong to
wedge-shaped (10-25 mm) with toothed or lobed margins near the tip, hairless, dark green above and pale green
beneath. The white, tubular flowers are small and borne on singly in leaf axils on short stalks; the 5 calyx lobes are
broadly triangular (2 mm) and fall off early. Fruit is a large 3-chambered capsule (8 mm).
Flowering Period: June - August

Pomaderris intangenda is known from Mt Ridley and north of Westonia and Boorabbin. The type specimen was
collected before 1876 from 'between the port of Esperance Bay and the mountains of Frazer's Range' (Mueller 1876). It
is possible that the collection was from the Mt Ridley population. This species grows in humus-rich soil on the slopes of
granite outcrops, in tall shrubland or scrub.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Geeraning Mer West NR. 11.9.89 2 2 Dead

2 Walyamoning Mer West NR 11.9.89 2 Undisturbed
3 Yanneymooning Mer West NR 11.9.89 12 1 Dying
4 Yanneymooning,N Mer West Private 12.9.89 4 Undisturbed
5 Mt Walter Gold Cool VCL 16.9.81 2 -
6 Mt Ridley Esp Esp VCL 23.5.93 - Good
7 Donkey Rocks Gold Men VCL 8.6.89 Abundant -
8 Ularring Gold Men Pastoral Lease 16.6.88 Frequent -
9 Bates Cave Nar Kon - 9.7.87 - -
10 The Humps Nar Kon - 3.9.76 - -
11 Eaglestone Hill Mer Nun - 13.8.72 - -
12 Nungarin Rock Mer Nun - 13.8.72 - -
13 near Bencubbin Mer MtM - 2.6.22 - -
14 Billyacatting Hill Mer Tra NR 2.9.77 - -
Unknown

Unknown

P. intangenda is widespread, especially in the Merredin District, although according to Mollemans et al. (1993), it
usually occurs in low numbers. The habitat in which this species grows, however, is not likely to be cleared for
agriculture. The population at Mt Ridley is within an area that has been proposed for vesting with the Esperance Shire.
References
Leigh et al. (1984), Mollemans et al. (1993), Mueller (1876), Newbey (1983).
411
Siegfriedia darwinioides C.A.Gardner RHAMNACEAE
An erect shrub, to 80 cm tall, with smooth purplish-brown bark. Leaves are opposite, oblong (15-30 x 6-8 mm), obtuse
at the tip, and the midrib partly impressed into the upper surface; the margins roll backwards tightly towards the midrib
(revolute); the upper surface is dark green and shiny, while underneath is pink and densely hairy; stalks are up to 8 mm
long. Small clusters of yellowish flowers (cyme) form pseudo-heads at the ends of short branchlets. There are usually
10-12 petal-like bracts, which are orbicular (1.8 mm diam.), overlapping, leathery, irregularly toothed, prominently
nerved, red to pale pink; the outer bracts are usually empty and the intermediate ones often have a cluster of 3 or 4
flowers in their axils; the terminal cluster consists of 6-10 flowers. Each flower has a 4-5 lobed calyx tube (5 mm) and
stamens (6-7 mm) that extend beyond the tube. True petals are absent.
Flowering Period: February - April, June, August - October

Siegfriedia darwinioides is distributed between the Pallinup River and Starvation Boat Harbour, a range of 180 km. It
grows on stony red loam or kaolinic-lateritic breakaway, in mallee scrub or woodland communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Mt Short Alb Rav Shire Res. 16.12.92 200+ Healthy

2 Bandalup Alb Rav VCL 8.9.93 300+ Healthy
3 Mt Desmond Alb Rav VCL 8.9.93 Scattered Healthy
4 Mt McMahon Alb Rav VCL 4.91 100+ Healthy
5 Eyre Range Alb Rav NP 2.11.65 - -
6a Gnowellen Rd Alb ?Alb - 25.6.76 - -
6b Corackerup Alb ?Alb NR - Few -
7 Starvation Boat Esp Esp - 8.25 - -
Harbour
Unknown

Unknown

The majority of known populations of S. darwinioides occur in the Ravensthorpe Range. Negotiations are presently
being undertaken between the Shire, DEP and CALM to vest this area as a reserve. Further survey in the Fitzgerald
River National Park is recommended.
References
Gardner (1933), Robinson and Coates (1995).
412
Sphenotoma parviflorum F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE
Paper Heath
A slender, erect perennial, 15-30 cm tall, with a few branches above 25 cm. Leaves are lanceolate-subulate (rarely 12
mm), mostly ciliate on the margins, the lower ones more or less spreading, but not recurved, all the rest are pressed close
to the stem. A dense, ovate cluster of white flowers (spike) forms at the end of the stem; each flower is about 12 mm
long within an ovate, pointed bract which is at least as long as the calyx. Sepals (4 mm) are pointed at the tip. The
corolla tube is as long as the calyx, and the lobes are only half as long as the tube. The ovary is hairless.
Sphenotoma parviflorum is very similar to S. gracile which has corolla lobes about equal in length to the corolla tube.
Flowering Period: ?October

The type of S. parviflorum (lodged at Kew, England) shows the locality as being "Thomas River and Cape Le Grand".
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Thomas River & Esp Esp ?NP ?1802 - -

Cape Le Grand
Unknown

Unknown

S. parviflorum is taxonomically poorly defined. Many of the specimens in the Western Australian Herbarium may
actually be the very similar S. gracile which is relatively common along the south coast (J. Powell, personal
communication). Taxonomic work is urgently required on these taxa to correctly identify these specimens.
References
Bentham (1869).
413
Verticordia verticordina (F.Muell.) A.S.George MYRTACEAE
A low, dense shrub, 10-25 cm tall. Leaves are linear, semi-cylindrical or triquetrous (6 mm) and opposite. Greenish-
white flowers are borne on stalks (2-4 mm) in the upper axils of the short branchlets, forming a dense flat-topped leafy
corymb. The calyx tube is hemispherical (3 mm diam.), softly-hairy with longer hairs at the base along with a dense ring
of white hairs. Sepals are ovate (4 mm) and very shortly and irregularly toothed-hairy. Petals are rather shorter than the
sepals and entire with a broad, dark-coloured central line. Stamens are united for nearly 2 mm above the calyx tube;
staminodes form a distinct outer series. The red style is very long. The ovary has 2 ovules.

Verticordia verticordina is known from between Cheetup Hill and Price Hill, a range of 90 km. It grows in peaty sand
or sandy clay over granite or limestone, in low open heath communities.
Conservation Status
Current: Priority 3
Known Populations

1 Price Hill Esp Esp NP 9.12.60 - -

2a Cheetup Hill,N Esp Esp NP 17.8.89 Abundant -
2b Orleans Bay,N Esp Esp NP 9.10.92 1 000+ Healthy
2c Orleans Bay,N Esp Esp Shire Res. 9.10.92 1 000+ Healthy
3 Condingup,SE Esp Esp Private 21.9.68 - -
4 Mungliginup Creek Esp Esp - 30.9.68 - -
5 Mt Baring Esp Esp NP 28.10.67 - -
Unknown

Possibly susceptible.

V. verticordina is known in the Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid National Parks, where it should remain secure. Further
opportunistic survey in areas between the two Parks is recommended.
References
Bentham (1867).
414

Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in The Esperance District

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Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in The Esperance District

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WESTERN AUSTRALIAN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM NO.

Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in

Department of Conservation and Land Management

ÓDepartment of Conservation and Land Management

Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor S.D. Hopper

Information in this Plan was accurate at 1992.

Others who provided assistance include S. Grein and C.J. Robinson.

Foreword................................................................. iii Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b)........ 74

1. Determining Priorities .................................... 447

1. The Need for Management

2. Objective of the Program

The objective of this Program for the Esperance District is:

It aims to achieve this by:

Spermatophyta - flowering plants, conifers and cycads

Plants may be deleted from the Rare Flora Schedule where:

4. CALM's Priority Flora List

1: Priority One - Poorly known Taxa

2: Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa

3: Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa

4: Priority Four - Rare Taxa

* Advice on management prescriptions is the responsibility of staff of Bioconservation Group (CALMScience),

6. The Esperance District

Land Tenure Area (ha)

Physiography and Soils

7. Botanical History of the Esperance District

Barrett, G. (1989). Report on the rare flora of the Ironcaps area.

Black, J.M. (1960). Flora of South Australia. Government Printer, Adelaide.

Crisp, M.D. (1983). Report to World Wildlife Fund, Australia.

Curry, S. (1992-3). Endangered! Prickly Honeysuckle. Landscope 8(2), 40.

Esperance Express 11 Aug. 1992. Flora, fauna threatened.

Olde, P. (1986). New names in Grevillea. Australian Plants 13(108), 362.

achene a small, dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit

aeolian wind blown

anther that part of the stamen which contains the pollen

awn a bristle-like appendage

beak a prominent terminal projection

calyx the sepals of one flower collectively

claw a narrow, stalk-like basal portion of a petal, sepal or bract

concave curved like the inside of a sphere or circle

corolla the petals of a flower collectively

culm the stem of grasses, usually hollow except at the nodes

deciduous falling seasonally

dehiscent breaking open at maturity to release the contents

elliptic oval in outline, widest at the centre

ephemeral a short-lived plant

filament the stalk of a stamen

free not fused or united (with other organs)

glandular bearing glands; functioning as a gland

glaucous blue-green in colour, with a whitish bloom

glume a dry, scaly bract

habitat the environment in which the plant lives

herb any vascular plant that never produces a woody stem

herbaceous not woody; soft in texture

hybrid an offspring of genetically different parents

indusium a cup enclosing the stigma

inflorescence the group or arrangement in which flowers are borne on a plant

keel applied to the two front-united petals of a flower in Papilionaceae

leaflet one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf

oblanceolate similar in shape to lanceolate but attached at the narrower end

obovate similar in shape to ovate but attached at the narrower end

orbicular circular or nearly so

pedicel the stalk of a flower