Abstract Book Gnrsa - 2020

Global Approaches in Natural Resource Management for Climate Smart Agriculture (GNRSA-2020) during Pandemic Era of COVID-19 Souvenir
ir Book- GNRSA- 2020
GNRSA-2020/001
PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN DAHLIA
A. B. HANDE, N. S. GUPTA, MANISHA DESHMUKH AND N.G. RATHOD
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M. S.)
Dahlia is a tuberous, herbaceous perennial and must have simple leaves that are segmented and toothed or cut. Dahlias are propagated
vegetatively. The easiest method of vegetative propagation of dahlia is division of tuberous roots. A large-scale propagation aims at obtaining
the most plants in the possible shortest time, so that the cuttings are usually used and prefer a pH within the range of 5.8 to 6.2. Soft wood
cuttings of dahlia are usually obtained through excision of sprouting shoots with a piece of root tuber – these are so called cuttings with heel.
They should be 6–8 cm long with 2–3 pairs of healthy, undamaged leaves. The quality of cuttings depends on other things, condition and
health of mother plants. The number of soft shoots for cuttings ranges from 15 to 50. The cuttings might be broken out without a piece of a
tuber, they are so called cuttings without heel, they might be also cut with the tip part of the main stem with at least 4–5 pairs of leaves (apical
cuttings). Moreover, the leaf two-node cuttings left after taking an apical part (so called middle cuttings) and the ones growing from axils of
leaves of the main shoot left after cutting the tip (lateral cuttings) might also be used. The temperature of a substrate during rooting should be
22–23°C. Substances influencing a process of adventitious roots development in cuttings are auxins. They are formed endogenously in leaves
and buds of plants, and then they are transported basipetal, what means they are accumulated in lower parts of cuttings.
Keywords: Dahlia, Cuttings, Tubers, Temperature.
GNRSA-2020/002
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN VEGETABLE BREEDING
A. K. JAWARKAR1*, V.S. KALE2 ,V. D. TAYADE1
1,
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture,
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.)
2,
Professor, Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture,
The advent of modern biotechnology furnishes a new track of breeding vegetable crops. The term biotechnology defined as a group of
technologies that employ biological entities or processes to create new and useful products and processes. Vegetables are considered as
protective food because of various vitamins, minerals and antioxidants present in them. Vegetables thus play vital role in ensuring good
health as it is rich source of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and dietary fibres. The recent developments and spin-off applications of plant
tissue culture and molecular biology in plant breeding. As far as we can evaluate, these are triple. First, plant cell tissue culture has its most
important application in the rapid amplification of genotypes. Second, biotechnology offers the opportunity to guide and to sustain the crosses
and the screening of the progeny. Thirdly, biotechnology can contribute to the introductions of new markers and characteristics, which cannot
easily be crossed in and which have proven to be useful and valuable. Plant biotechnology has been used to raise and stabilize yields of
vegetables; to improve resistance to pests, diseases and abiotic stresses such as drought and cold; and to enhance the nutritional content of
foods. As conventional breeding approach of improvement has been realized a slow process of genetic improvement which improves genome
in an uncontrolled fashion with more number of generations to assemble and fix the desirable traits while, biotechnological approach allow
introgression of a single distinct gene without linkage drag. Although various biotechnological tools have their own limitations also so
present day need of improvement is based on a multidisciplinary and coordinated approach where conventional and nonconventional
approaches will be combined. Plant biotechnology has successfully revolutionized the field of biology and molecular breeding, which is
accompanied by enhanced productivity and quality of vegetable crops.
Keyword- Breeding Approaches, Nuetracueticals, Plant tissue culture, Molecular Breeding
GNRSA-2020/003
DEHYDRATED TOMATO SLICES AS INFLUENCED BY PACKAGING MATERIAL
A. M. SONKAMBLE, S. V. KHANDEZOD, S.R.PATIL AND D. S. RAVANKAR

Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. PDKV, Akola 444 104 MS
An experiment was conducted to analyse the effect of packaging material on dehydrated tomato slices. Tomato (SolanumlycopersiconL.)
slices were dried in solar drier at 60˚C upto 6% moisture level and packed in 200 gauge polyethylene bags, 300 gauge polyethylene bags,
aluminated foils, plastic boxes and as control (unpacked samples) stored upto 180 days from drying. Packaging in aluminated foil found to be
good for retaining maximum nutritional contents during storage period. Maximum retention of nutrients like crude protein, total sugars,
reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, titrable acidity, crude fibre content with minimum moisture was
recorded in dehydrated tomato slices packed in aluminated foil as compared to other packaging material.
Keywords: Tomato slices,dehydration and packaging material
Venue: Conference Hall, Shobhit Deemed University, Modipuram, Meerut, UP, India (February 26 – 28, 2021) 1
Global Approaches in Natural Resource Management for Climate Smart Agriculture (GNRSA-2020) during Pandemic Era of COVID-19 Souvenir Book- GNRSA- 2020
GNRSA-2020/004
EFFECT OF DRYING METHODSON NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS OF DEHYDRATED TOMATO SLICES
(SOLANUMLYCOPERSICON)
A. M. SONKAMBLE, S. V. KHANDEZOD, S.R.PATIL AND D. S. RAVANKAR

Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. PDKV, Akola 444 104 MS
A research experiment was conducted in the year 2017-2018 to evaluate nutritional quality of dehydrated tomato slices
(Solanumlycopersicon) as influenced by drying methods. Tomato has great importance, mainly because of vitamins, minerals and dietary
fibre. Two drying methods i.e., solar dryer and cabinet dryer were used. Fresh tomato fruits were selected, washed and dried by solar and
cabinet dryer at 600C upto 6% moisture level. Observations were recorded upto storage period of six months at ambient conditions. Solar
drying was found superior with respect to protein, total sugars, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, total soluble solids ascorbic acid,
titrable acidity with minimum moisturecontent as compared to cabinet drying. Drying methods showed non-significant difference in respect
of crude fibre content of dried tomato slices. Solar dried slices maintained good nutritional status of dehydrated tomato slices during storage
period.
Keywords: Tomato slices ,dehydration, nutritional parameters
GNRSA-2020/005
SENSORY EVALUATION AND MICROBIAL STUDIES OF CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.) APPLES JUICE
DURING STORAGE
A. V. BHUWAD1, C. D. PAWAR2, ROSHAN VARADKAR3, K. P. VAIDYA4, M. M. KULKARNI5 AND P. M. HALDANKAR6

1, 2, 3 & 5 College of Horticulture, DBSKKV, Dapoli
4 College of Agriculture, DBSKKV, Dapoli
6 Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Dapoli.
Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth,, Dapoli-415 712, Dist. - Ratnagiri, M.S., India
The present investigation entitled “Sensory evaluation and microbial studies of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apples juice during
storage” in order to various products are available round the year. The experiment was conducted in the Fruit and Vegetable Processing Unit
Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist-Ratnagiri (M.S.) during 2015-2016 with five different varieties
of cashew apple juice was used under this study viz., T 1-Vengurla-1, T2-Vengurla-4, T3- Vengurla-6, T4- Vengurla-7, T5- Vengurla-8 and
two storage conditions viz., S1-ambient temperature (24-30°C) and S2- cold storage (12 ± 2°C) with four replication in factorial completely
randomized design (FCRD). From the study it was observed that, interaction T 2S2 (Vengurla-4 at cold storage) recorded lowest bacterial and
fungal count at 6 months storage period. As far as sensory evaluation of cashew apple juice was concerned, the same treatment combination
T2S2 recorded maximum score for colour, flavour and overall acceptability after 6 month storage period.
Keywords: Cashew apple juice, storage, Sensory evaluation and Microbial study
GNRSA-2020/006
EXAMINE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RICE VARIETIES IN NORTH KONKAN REGION (M.S.).
A. V. MESHRAM1*, S. C. PHUGE2, J. M. TALATHI3, V. A. THORAT4, AND J. S. DHEKALE5

1*, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Konghara Tq. Kelapur Dist Yamatmal, (M.S.)
2, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Lokmangal College of Agriculture, Wadala Tq. North Solapur Dist. Solapur
3, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli
4, Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli
5, Professor (CAS), Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli
*Corresponding Address: Dr. Ashwini Vijay Meshram, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture,
Konghara Tq. Kelapur Dist Yamatmal, Pin- 445302 (M.S.) India.
North Konkan region has 240100 ha area under rice cultivation. In the Konkan region 369000 ha area is under rice cultivation of which North
Konkan region shares 65.07 per cent and South Konkan region shares 34.93 per cent hence the North Konkan region selected purposively for
the study. Study is based on primary data collected through personal interview method. The sustainability of rice crop varieties was analysed
for the period from 2005 to 2016. For this study 270 rice growers were selected. Eighteen varieties of rice (Viz., Ratnagiri-1, Ratnagiri-2,
Karjat-3, Karjat-4, Palghar-1, Palghar-2, Panvel-2, Panvel-3, Ratnagiri-73, Sahyadri, Phalguna, Sughandhamati, Heera, Jaya, Ratna, Komal,
Supriya, Panvel-1) performed well on the rice growers field. Kanak and Mahsuri varieties of rice performed well upto 2012 but after this
these two varieties are out of cultivation.
Keywords: variety, rice, district, area, Konkan, sustainabilit
GNRSA-2020/007
ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL GAP IN RESPECT TO DIFFERENT COMPONENT OF WHEAT PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
A. K. PASWAN M. N. ANSARI, SATYAPRASH & JANMENJAY KUMAR *
Department Of Extension Education
*Department Of Agriculture Economics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar
Wheat (Triticum aestivun L.), the king of cereal is of special significance in Indian agriculture for triggering green revolution. During the
coming decades it is expected to play a more decisive role in stabilizing national food production. Presently, India is the second largest wheat
producing country in the world next to China. In Bihar, land vacated by late sown paddy, early potato or other late maturing Kharif crops are
increasingly being put to wheat cultivation. A sizeable chunk of area also remains waterlogged or wet till early or mid December, where
wheat is sown when the water recedes. Cumulatively about 40 per cent of wheat area, in the state, is covered under late or very late sown
wheat with low level of productivity. The expansion of crop cultivation in unfavorable area leads to decline in productivity. The study was
carried out over 180 farmers in the Madhubani district of Bihar to find out technological gap in respect to different components of Wheat
production technology. The study revealed that as highest 72.23 per cent technological gap existed among the farming community in relation
to the improved wheat production technology. The study further, shows that the maximum technological gap was observed in the area of
plant protection measure in both the blocks (47% and 72% respectively). Similarly, the minimum technological gap was found in the area of
post harvest technology and pre-sowing technology in the case of highest and lowest productivity block respectively. The analysis of data
related with technological gap in different sub-components of the main areas indicated a technological gap ranging from 32 to 72 per cent.
GNRSA-2020/008
EFFECT OF SEVERITY OF PRUNING AND DIFFERENT FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF
CUSTARD APPLE
A. M. MAHALLE, S. R. PATIL, A. M. SONKAMBLE, A.P. GEDAM AND P. M. CHANDAN
Department of Horticulture
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
The experiment was carried out during the year 2019-20 at Shivar Block, Central Research station, Akola.An experiment was laid out in a
factorized randomized block design (FRBD) with nine treatment combinations and three replications comprising of three pruning intensities
viz., 20 cm, 15 cm, control and three application of INM viz., I 1 - 75% RDF(194g:94g:94g NPK/plant) +100g AM +100g Azotobacter
+100g PSB +0.50Kg neem cake at onset of monsoon, I 2 - Half N(97g) +Full P&K(94g:94g)+100g AM +100g Azotobacter +100g
PSB +0.50Kg neem cake - Ist Application.1/4 N(48g) - IInd Application and 1/4 N(48g) - III rd Application. Regarding the application of
pruning of 20 cm from tip showed the better performance in terms of plant height, number of shoots per branch, canopy of plan t, leaf area,
days to flowering, number of fruits per plant, yield, In respect of integrated nutrient management application (Half N(97g) +Full
P&K(94g:94g)+100g AM +100g Azotobacter +100g PSB +0.50Kg neem cake - Ist Application, 1/4 N(48g) - II nd Application, 1/4
N(48g) - III rd Application, respectively at one month interval) showed better performance in terms of plant height, number of shoots per
branch, spread, canopy of plant, leaf area, days to flowering and yield. Amongst the combinations of pruning and integrated nutrient
management, the combined application of 20 cm pruning + Half N(97g) +Full P&K(94g:94g)+100g AM +100g Azotobacter +100g PSB
+0.50Kg neem cake - IstApplication, 1/4 N(48g) -II ndApplication, 1/4 N(48g) - IIIrd Application showed the better performance in
terms of plant height, Number of shoots per plant, Spread, Canopy of plant, leaf area and Yieldin custard apple cv. Balanagar.
Keywords: custard apple, Integrated nutrient management, pruning, growth, yield.
GNRSA-2020/009
PERFORMANCE OF TUBEROSE (POLIANTHES TUBEROSA L.) VARIETIES IN KONKAN REGION
AA GORIVALE, NV DALVI, BR SALVI, CD PAWAR, MS JOSHI, RG KHANDEKAR, AN SAVANT, MS KADAM

Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli
The experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture,Dapoli, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist- Ratnagiri
(M.S.) during 2019-20 to assess the performance of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) varieties in Konkan region. The varieties were studied
for various vegetative, flowering and yield attributes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. In
this experiment 9 tuberose varieties were studied viz.,Local Single, Prajwal, Arka Nirantara, Phule Rajani, Shringar, Local Double,
Hyderabad Double, Suvasini, Phule Rajat. Results revealed that there was a significant variation among the varieties for various attributes.
Out of the nine varieties Prajwal recorded significantly maximum plant height (75.67 cm), number of leaves (22.47), leaf area (72.43 cm 2),
leaf area index (2.41), dry matter of leaves (8.77 g), dry matter of spikes (13.71 g), maximum spike length (99.83 cm), number of florets per
spike (39.80), diameter of flower stalk (5.53 mm), rachis length (36.19 cm), length of floret (6.90 cm), number of spikes per plant (1.93),
spikes per plot (61.33), yield of flowers per plot (5.87 kg) and per hectare (10771.20 kg), yield of bulblets per plot (762.0 0), weight of bulb
(87.67 g) and diameter of bulb (63.60 mm).
Keywords- Tuberose, Varietal performance, Spikes, Loose flowers, Bulbs.
GNRSA-2020/010
STUDIES ON VASE LIFE OF TUBEROSE (POLIANTHES TUBEROSAL.) VARIETIES BY USE OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
AAGORIVALE, NV DALVI, BR SALVI,CD PAWAR, MS JOSHI, RG KHANDEKAR, PS MANE, TT NARUTE
Email: apekshagorivale@gmail.com
The experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dr.Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist- Ratnagiri
(M.S.) during 2019-20 to study the vase life of cut spikes of different varieties of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)by use of Aluminium
Sulphate @30ppm. The varieties were studied for various vase life attributes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design
with three replications. In this experiment 9 tuberose varieties were studied viz.,Local Single, Prajwal, ArkaNirantara, Phule Rajani, Shringar,
Local Double, Hyderabad Double, Suvasini, Phule Rajat.From the present investigation it was observed that there was a significant variation
among the varieties for vase life attributes.Aluminium Sulphate application @30ppm resulted in maximum number of florets opened per
spike inthe variety Phule Rajani and Hyderabad Double (21.00). The variety Local Double recorded maximum percent florets opened per
spike (84.32 %), uptake of solution (79.33 ml) and vase life (17 days).
Keywords-Tuberose, Varieties, Vase life
GNRSA-2020/011
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL MUTAGENS ON REPRODUCTIVE AND FLOWERING CHARACTERS OF TUBEROSE
(POLIANTHUS TUBEROSA L.)
ABHANGRAO A. K1., YADLOD2 S.S , DESHMUKH MANISHA3,GAONKAR Y.A4.

(1and 4 PhD scholar ,2Associate professorVasantraonaikmarahwadaKrishiVidyapeethParbhani ,3 Assistant Professor Department of
Horticulture Dr.PunjabraoDeshmukhKrishiVidyapeeth Akola.)
An investigation was carried out at the Department of Horticulture college of Agriculture Parbhani during 2016-2018 on the studies on
mutation breeding in tuberose (Polyanthus tuberosa L.) was studied and isolation of promising mutants were done. The experimental material
Phule Rajani of tuberose variety treated with five doses 0.5Kr,1Kr,1.5Kr, 2.0Kr,2.5Kr along with untreated sample (control).in generation
VM1 .Results indicated that the mutagenic treatment at the maximum number of days for spike initiation was registered in 2.5 kR dose in
VM1generation.and minimum days for spike initiation was registered in 2.5 kR dose in VM1 generation. The maximum length of floret was
recorded at 0.5kR dose in VM1 generation. The 0.5kR,1.0kR,1.5kR,2.0kR and 2.5kR doses of gamma rays had induced stable and desirable
mutants of commercial importance viz., early mutant, tall mutant, dwarf mutant, and late mutant respectively. gamma rays 0.5kR and 1 kR
had recorded maximum floret diameter.
Keywords: Tuberose, gamma radiation , mutation, isolation ,mutants ,reproductive characters, flowering characters.
GNRSA-2020/012
EFFECT OF FERTIGATION ON PRODUCTIVITY OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITION
ABHILASH SINGH* AND DHIRENDRA SINGH**

*Ph.D. Research scholar, Department of Vegetable Science, ** Professor, Department of Vegetable Science, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Udham
Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) – 263145
A field experiment was carried out during 2020 at Vegetable Research Centre (VRC) of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,
Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) India, to study the effect of NPK fertigation on productivity of cucumber under polyhouse condition.
The experiment was consisted of four levels of fertigation (120:60:60, 100:50:50, 80:40:40 and 60:30:30 N, P 2O5 and K2O kg ha-1,
respectively) and two levels of scheduling (25% of N, P2O5 and K2O, 25% N, 15% P2O5 and 20% K2O, 40% N, 15% P2O5 and 25% K2O, 20%
N, 50% P2O5 and 40% K2O and 15% N, 20% P2O5 and 15% K2O at 20 days interval). The experiment was laid out in two factorial
Randomized Block Design (RBD) which was replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was low in available nitrogen and high in
available phosphorus and potassium and neutral in reaction. The results from the study revealed that the application of 120% RDF (120:60:60
NPK ha-1) which scheduled on the basis of physiological growth stages (25% N, 15% P 2O5 and 20% K2O, 40% N, 15% P2O5 and 25% K2O,
20% N, 50% P2O5 and 40% K2O and 15% N, 20% P2O5 and 15% K2O at 20 days interval) gave higher crop yield compare to other fertigation
and scheduling levels. From the study it was concluded that fertigation of 120 kg N, 60 kg P 2O5 and 60 kg K2O ha-1 scheduled at
physiological stages can be recommended for higher growth and yield of cucumber under polyhouse condition.
GNRSA-2020/013
CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
ABHIMANYU YADAV
Department of Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science
P G College Ghazipur UP
Conservation agriculture is a response to sustainable Land management, environmental protection and climate change adoption and
mitigation. It is essential to move towards environmentally friendly farming system that produce more from the same area of land while
reducing negative environmental impact and enhancing benefits people obtain from healthy ecosystem, healthy soils maintain a diverse
community of soil organisms that helps to control plant disease, insect and weed populations, recycle soil nutrients improve soil structure
with positive effect on soil water holding capacity and nutrients retention and supply and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers while at
same time improving crop yield. The full benefits of Conservation agriculture take time and in fact the initial transitional year may present
problem that may influence adoption, soil physical and biological health also take time to develop. Three to seven years may be needed for all
the benefits to take hold, how ever farmer get the benefits of saving on casts of production and time. Usually get better yield than with
Conservational system.
GNRSA-2020/014
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF TUBEROSE GENOTYPES IN THE SUB-HIMALAYAN TERAI REGION OF WEST
BENGAL
1
ABHINASH MOIRANGTHEM, 2SOUMEN MAITRA, 3PUNABATI HEISNAM AND 3PRIYANKA IRUNGBAM
1
Assistant Professor, Central Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Imphal
2
Professor, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar
3
Assistant Professor, Central Agricultural University, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Pasighat
An experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal at the
Department of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to identify the suitable cultivar of Tuberose for
Sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal. For this experiment, seven different Tuberose cultivars namely Suvasini, Vaibhav, Calcutta
Double, Phule Rajni, Prajwal, Calcutta Single and Shringar were used wherein the cultivars showed distinct performance regarding various
growths and yield attributes. Results revealed that the cultivar Calcutta Double recorded better performance in respects of plant height and
leaf production at monthly intervals. Earlier sprouting (9.32 days) of bulbs was observed with cultivar Calcutta Double and the same cultivar
also showed earliness in flowering (80.97 days), more number of florets per spike (46.30) with greater diameter of both florets and spikes
(0.95 cm). Higher fresh (114.60 g and 141.18 g) and dry weights (23.16 g and 17.91 g) of florets and cut spikes as well as improved field-life
(17.04 days) and vase-life (8.29 days) of spikes were obtained from the same Tuberose cultivar Calcutta Double along which the month wise
data and annual data (45.66) for flower production was also found maximum with the same cultivar. Therefore, cultivar Calcutta Double
showed better performance in growth and flowering in open field cultivation in Sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal and hence
maybe recommended for commercial cultivation in this region for cut flower production.
Keywords: Tuberose, comparative, cultivars, growth parameters, yield parameters
GNRSA-2020/015
GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONING IN TONS BASIN USING SPATIAL DATA
ABHISHANK NIGAM
The ground water is very important resources in all aspects. In India about 60% irrigation depends on the ground water. Ground water
potential zones provides information of potential zones of area, so this will helpful for the proper extraction of groundwater, its planning and
management. There are certain methods of groundwater potential mapping. Geophysical methods can be conveniently applied for ground
water prospecting though there are several methodologies to locate and map the occurrence and distribution of ground water. The objective of
the study was to prepare different thematic maps for the delineation of ground water potential zone of Tons basin using. Remote sensing and
GIS. The total area of Tons basin in Madhya Pradesh is 11974 km² on which of total land of 8460 km² put into agriculture
purpose.GeographicalextentoftheTonssub-basinliesbetween80°18’to83°20’eastlongitude and23°58’to25°17’northlatitudesofthecountry. To
delineate the groundwater potential zone of basin different thematic maps of governing factors, such as geology, drainage, drainage density,
Land use/Land cover, slope, soil texture has been created in GIS environment. Delineation of groundwater potential zones was made by
weighted overlay analysis toolbyoverlyingthematicmapsandassigningthemasuitableweightageinArcGIS 10 according to their influence on
groundwater potential. For decision making of weightage among all the factors Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) of Multicriteria decision
analysis (MCDA) have been used. Thematic maps for different feature was prepared using Arc GIS 10 and information were collected for
different factors and their sub factors. The maximum stream order of the basin is nine. Drainage density of the basin shows maximum
drainage density in the range of .000480248-0.00060994 KM/KM2. The overall drainage density of the map was calculated to 0.84
KM/KM2.The slope of the basin has its maximum value in the range of 49-84%, and minimum value of the slope is 12%. Land use/Land
cover map of the basin map was prepared by using Sentinel-2B satellite imagery. Land use/Land cover map the study area showing total
agriculture occupied land 45.20%, forest is about16.10%andotherfeatures.Geology of the study area comprises Semri gp., Deccan trap, Rewa
gp. having percentage covered area is 8%, 39%, 51%respectively. Thegroundwaterpotentialzonesforthestudyareaweregeneratedthroughthe
integration of various thematic maps using weighted Overlay analysis tool in Arc GIS 10.The resultant map of groundwater potential zone of
the Tons basin has been divided into three categories such as Good groundwater potential, moderate groundwater potential and poor
groundwater potential. The ground water potential zones for the study area were generated through the integration of various thematic maps
using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Validation of ground water potential map prepared was done by the district wise groundwater
availability in (ha-m) from Water resource department Madhya Pradesh. From the study, it was concluded that, groundwater potential zones
delineation helpful for the information of groundwater prospective zone, extraction and development of groundwater and better planning and
management. Groundwater potential zone helps for the development and proper utilisation of the groundwater.It may provide proper site
selection for dug wells, borewells etc. and also helpful for the planning of recharge structures and harvesting structures. By qualitative
analysis of the groundwater we can obtain the infromation about the groundwater quality.Multi critria decision analysis, AHP technique is
very helpful and efective technique for decision making. Remote sensing and GIS is very helpful for collecting the information about any
objects, area or phenomenon effectively and GIS, provides a platform for manipulation, analysis to extract the required informations.
GNRSA-2020/016
SCREENING OF NANO-PARTICLE FORMULATIONS OF METABOLITES EXTRACTED FROM MICROBES HAVING
PGPR (GROWTH PROMOTION TRAITS) AND PESTICIDAL TRAITS IN LIEU OF SUSTAINABLE AND ORGANIC
PRACTICES FOR AGRICULTURE
ABHISHEK MATHUR*
Scientist, Consultant & Techno-Commercial Expert, Executive Director (Technical), NCS Green Earth Pvt Ltd., Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility and plant health. They can act as biofertilizers and increase the resistance to
biotic and abiotic stress. The microbes residing in the soil are beneficial for the growth of crops in terms of vegetative and reproductive
growth are known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). These are effective growth modulators for the crop as they secrete novel
metabolites and growth molecules that enable the crop to sustain in adverse and stress conditions. These molecules also induce systemic
resistance and anti- pathogenic effect against the soil borne infections. Several substances produced by antagonistic rhizobacteria have been
related to pathogen control and indirect promotion of growth in many plants, such as siderophores and antibiotics. Nanoparticles are 100 mm
or less, nanoparticles synthesize by a biogenic enzymatic process. Microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi play an
important role in the treatment of toxic metal through reduction of metal ions and are considered as potential Nano factories. These microbes
and their secondary metabolites are being used for the preparation of biogenic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are very cost effective and
are significant in terms of application potential. Beauveria bassiana produces wide range of metabolites which invades the pathogen’s
virulence and infectivity potential. Similarly, Ag + ions are effective antimicrobial agents which are useful in eliminating and killing the
pathogen. The present study was thus focused in order to isolate the secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana by solvent extraction
method and using the crude metabolites with silver ions to produce Beauveria bassiana fused silver nanoparticles. These fused nanoparticles
were found to have significant antifungal activity against the common dreadful fungal phyto-pathogens and common insects and pests on
brinjal, okra and tea crops. The present study will lead to develop some novel nano antifungal and pesticidal agents for combating the
infections against prevalent insects and pests. Silica is absorbed by plants as silicic acid, with cereals and grasses containing the highest
concentrations (0.2-2.0%). Most soils contain significant quantities of silica, but continuous cropping, particularly with crops that accumulate
significant quantities of silica, can reduce plant available levels of Si to the point that supplemental Si fertilization is required. There appears
to be a need for Si amendments in temperate as well as tropical crop production systems, and Si fertilizers are applied to crops in several
countries for increased productivity and sustainable production. High silica uptake has been shown to improve drought resistance, increase
resistance to fungi and other pathogens, and increase plant growth rate and yield. However, its essentiality as a micronutrient for higher plants
is difficult to prove, partly due to the fact that many positive effects of Si are most apparent in cases of abiotic stresses. Silica amendments
have also been shown to correct soil toxicities resulting from high levels of soluble Mn 2+, Fe2+, and Al3+. The microbes are the suitable
catalysts producing enzymes for the degradation of complex macromolecules into simpler ones. The technology we have developed is the
combination of chemical and microbial technology for the synthesis and production of agricultural chemical and utilization of the same by
using Si solubilizing bacterial consortia production of silica nano composites by using potassium silicate and silica as the substrates. The
nano silica composites thus can be utilized as important molecules for enhancing agricultural productivity in the coming tomorrow. The
synthesis of silica nano-particles by bacteria in the present investigation demonstrates the versatility of the microbial consortia. The nano
silica composite produced was further screened for growth promotion activity in brinjal crop in terms of enhanced height, leaves, shoots and
branches. The nano-silica formulation is also found appropriate against white flies on the crops. The results showed significant growth in
crops treated with biologically derived silica nano-composites based formulation
Keywords: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), growth regulatory activity (root colonization activity. Shoot elongation activity),
phyto-pathogenic potential, soil borne pathogens, insecticidal activity, pesticidal activity, nanoparticles, sustainable agriculture
GNRSA-2020/017
DIALLEL ANALYSIS FOR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA (L.)
CZERN. & COSS.]
1
ADITYA VERMA, 2MAHAK SINGH AND 3AMIT TOMAR
1,2
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CSAUA&T, Kanpur-208002, U.P., India.
3
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, RLBCAU, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
An experiment was carried out at Oil Seed Research Farm, Kalyanpur of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology,
Kanpur, during rabi season 2017-19. 7-parents/strains (Urvashi, PM-27, Pusa Agrani, RH-749, KMR-15-2, Pusa Bahar and Durgamani) were
crossed in diallel mating design. (excluding reciprocal crosses) 28 genotypes (21 F 1 + 7 parents) were evaluated for 10 characters viz,. days
to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm), number of siliquae per plant, number of primary branches
per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, oil content (%), 1000-seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Analysis of variance
revealed that the genotypes were genetically differ to each for all the characters. Genetic components analysis exhibited that both additive and
dominance components were highly significant for almost all the traits indicating the role of both additive as well as non-additive gene action
in controlling the expression of concerned traits. In general dominance component values were higher than that of additive component for all
the traits. The estimates of average degree of dominance indicated presence of over-dominance for all the traits. Combining ability analysis
revealed that good general combiners were Urvashi x KMR-15-2, Pusa Agrani x Pusa Bahar, RH-749 x Pusa Bahar, RH-749 x Durgamani
and KMR-15-2 x Pusa Bahar were best specific combiners for seed yield per plant. In hybrid high heterosis over better and mid parent
Urvashi x KMR-15-2, Pusa Agrani x Durgamani, RH-749 x KMR-15-2, KMR-15-2 x Pusa Bahar and KMR-15-2 x Durgamani and Urvashi
x KMR-15-2, Pusa Agrani x Pusa Bahar, RH-749 x Pusa Bahar, KMR-15-2 x Pusa Bahar and KMR-15-2 x Durgamani, respectively and high
x high general combiners with significant sca effects for seed yield per plant. High heritability were recorded for all the characters
namely; 1000-seed weight (93.30 g), length of main raceme (91.33 cm), oil content (89.83 %), number of siliquae per plant (81.34), plant
height (80.55 cm), seed yield per plant (79.39 g), number of secondary branches per plant (70.03), number of primary branches per plant
(64.97), days to maturity (52.67) and days to 50% flowering (50.48). The high values were found 1000-seed weight (19.26), seed yield per
plant (10.80), number of secondary branches per plant (10.74), number of primary branches per plant (9.90), length of main raceme (9.77),
plant height (4.95), oil content (5.77), number of siliquae per plant (3.95), days to 50% flowering (3.88) and days to maturity (1.80). High
heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for 1000-seed weight (g). Seed yield per plant have positive correlated with days to
50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of primary branches per plant,
number of secondary branches per plant, oil content, 1000-seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic level.
Keywords: Brassica Juncea, Indian Mustard, Quantitative traits, Heterosis, Heritability, Genetic Advance Studies and Diallel Mating
Design.
GNRSA-2020/018
PLASTICULTURE –A KEY STEP TO SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION
AFROZA AKHTER, AMBREEN NABI, BASEERAT AFROZA, AMREENA SULTAN, SAYED AZRAH INDRABI AND INSHA
JAVEED
Division of Vegetable Science
Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus-190025, Srinagar, J&K, India.
The green revolution within India commenced in the early 1960’s that led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab,
Haryana and Uttar Pradesh due to adoption of modern methods and technology such as the use of high yielding varieties, tractors, irrigation
facilities, pesticides and fertilizers. To remain self-sufficient in food grains, we need another green revolution or rather a greener revolution.
Innovative agro practices need to be adapted towards transformation of Indian agriculture to precision farming practices which will result in
stretching our agro input resources manifold to increase agricultural productivity both in quantity and quality. Plasticulture applications are
one of the most useful indirect agricultural input which hold the promise to transform Indian agriculture and bring the “Second Green
Revolution”. Plasticulture is defined as the use of plastics in agriculture, horticulture, water management, food grain storage etc. Plasticulture
includes all kinds of plant or soil coverings ranging from mulch films, row coverings, low tunnels to greenhouses. A variety of plastic
materials and end products are deployed in plasticulture applications for water conservation, irrigation efficiency, crop and environment
protection as well as end product storage and transportation. Plastic mulches enhance the productivity in hills. Black plastic mulch (double
coated) recorded the highest soil moisture retention, lowest weed density, highest no. of fruits with maximum fruit weight and total fruit
yield.
Keywords: Plasticulture, Green revolution, plastic mulches
GNRSA-2020/019
EVALUATION OF CHERRY TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L. VAR. CERASIFORME) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD
AND QUALITY TRAITS
AFROZA AKHTER, AMBREEN NABI, BASEERAT AFROZA, NIGEENA NAZIR, PERVAIZ AHMAD SOFI, SAYED AZRAH
INDRABI, AMREENA SULTAN, INSHA JAVEED AND MAJID RASHID.
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus-190025, Srinagar, J&K, India.
The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Field, Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during Kharif
2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Twenty nine genotypes were
evaluated for various quantitative traits viz., plant height, number of primary branches, number of flowers cluster -1, number of fruits cluster-1,
days to first flowering and yield hectare-1. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied
except number of locules fruit-1. Among the twenty nine genotypes used the highest plant height was found in genotype SK-CT-05 (157.26
cm) while, number of primary branches was found to be highest in SK-CT-06 (31.56). The highest number of flowers cluster -1 and fruits
cluster -1 was found in SK-CT-15 i.e., (8.86 and 8.20) respectively. The earliest days to first flowering was recorded in SK-CT-07 (19.40
days). The genotypes viz; SK-CT-27, SK-CT-16 and SK-CT-15 showed higher yield potential of 160.86 q ha -1, 156.35 q ha-1 and 153.53 q
ha-1 which was significantly higher than SK-CT-08 (23.73 q ha-1).
Keywords: Cherry tomato, genotypes, quantitative traits.
GNRSA-2020/020
STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN CHERRY TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L. VAR. CERASIFORME)
GENOTYPES FOR VARIOUS QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS.
JAVEED
The present investigation was carried out in twenty nine cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var cerasiforme L.)” genotypes during Kharif
season 2018 at Experimental Field, Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology,
Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar. The experiment was laid out in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Divergence
studies revealed that significant divergence existed among the genotypes under study. The genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters as per
Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Cluster II contained 12 genotypes followed by cluster I and IV containing 6 genotypes each and cluster III
contained 5 genotypes. The intra cluster distance (D2) was maximum in cluster III (40.20), followed by the cluster II (25.25), cluster IV
(25.00) and cluster I (16.55). The inter cluster distance were larger than the intra cluster distances, indicating high degree of genetic diversity
and thus may be utilized under inter varietal hybridization programme for getting high yielding recombinants. The maximum contribution
towards divergence was obtained by fruit yield hectare-1 accounting for (29.86%), plant height (19.26%) and number of branches (13.86%).
Altogether they have contributed 62.98%.
Keywords: Genetic diversity, Cluster, genotypes
GNRSA-2020/021
STUDY OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN CHERRY TOMATO (SOLANUM
LYCOPERSICUM L. VAR. CERASIFORME) GENOTYPES
JAVEED
Twenty nine genotypes of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) were evaluated for their genetic variability. A wide
range of genetic variability was observed for twenty traits of cherry tomato genotypes. The analysis of variance was significant for all the
characters indicating genetic variability in the genotypes under the study except number of locules per fruit. The highest phenotypic and
genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for lycopene (43.12, 42.94), total carotenoids (42.82, 42.51), average fruit weight (42.52,
42.50), fruit yield per hectare (42.29, 42.24). In general PCV was marginally higher than the corresponding GCV indicating the less influence
of environment in the expression of traits under study. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was
observed for almost all characters indicating that most of the traits studied were mainly controlled by additive gene effect and thus selection
may be effective.
Keywords: Cherry tomato, variability, heritability
GNRSA-2020/022
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HUB.) WITH PHEROMONE TRAPS IN RELATION TO
WEATHER PARAMETERS INFORMATION IN PIGEONPEA
AGALE, SV A*, RANGARAO GVB, RAJEEV GUPTAA, , WANI S P.B , V CHINNA BABU NAIKC
a
Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 492012, Chhattisgarh.
b
International Crops Research Institute for the semi-arid tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Hyderabad, Telangana.
c
Division of crop protection, ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur,440010, Maharashtra, India..
The field experiments on population dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera with pheromone traps information in pigeon pea at International
Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad, during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. During 2016-17 results
revealed that the adult moth population of H. armigera was first time appearing in the field during 22 th std. week (June 1st to 3rd) with (1.20
moths/5trap/week). H. armigera moths population increased on 34 and 35 SMW (13 to 14 moths/5trap/week) respectively, it was associated
with maximum and minimum temperature were ranged from 29.3oC to 31.9oC and 23.4oC to 24.1oC respectively along with 85% morning
relative humidity 57.7 to 64.9% evening relative humidity. The population abruptly decreased to 2.91 during 36 std. week there after moth
population remain more or less static throughout the cropping season. During 2017-18 the peak activity of H. armigera adult moth population
was appeared on 35 SMW (3.80 moths/5trap/week) it was associated with maximum and minimum temperature were ranged from 29.3 oC to
21.9oC respectively along with 91.4% and 71.6% morning and evening relative humidity respectively. Correlation studies revealed non
significant correlation between adult moth and the maximum and minimum temperature with (r =-0.214) and r=0.21 respectively. While
morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity and rainfall showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.263, 0.363 and 0.532) with H.
armigera moth populations.
Keywords: Pigeonpea, H. armigera, pheromone traps, weather factors, correlation
GNRSA-2020/023
UTILIZATION OF TANNIN-RICH AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
AISHWARYA SHARMA AND ASHIMA KATHURIA
Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut (U.P.)
The agricultural biomass is rich in chemical nutrients and least expensive which can be exploited for various applications. Among the agro-
industrial waste, the tannin-rich biomass also contributes to significant portion of it, which still remains unexploited. Tannins are secondary
metabolites which are distributed in species throughout the plant kingdom but they are commonly found in both gymnosperms and
angiosperms. Tannins are phenolic derivatives called hydrolysable tannins. These tannins have number of beneficial properties including
antioxidant, antimicrobial and metal chelating agents. It can be extracted from the biomass and can be used for the development of products
for plant protection and growth etc. Several other important properties have also been documented such as anticarcinogenic and anti-
inflammatory effect, hence it is an important pharmaceutical and medicinal agent. Hydrolysis of natural tannins also generates valuable
industrial products and processes. It can be employed in beverages, feed, chemical and pharmaceutical industry. It can additionally be utilized
for bioremediation of tannins from effluents of leather and other industries. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the biological method for the conversion
of tannin-rich agricultural waste into useful products. Among the enzymes, Hydrolases are the most important class of catalysts for
bioconversion of natural waste. Tannin acyl hydrolase (E.C. 3.1.1.20), commonly known as Tannase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of hydrolysable
tannins. Tannin-rich agro-waste also serves as easily available carbon sources or substrate for the production of industrially important group
of enzymes; Tannases. The industrial level production of enzymes using tannin biomass as substrate makes the process cost-effective and
environment friendly. The multi-fold uses of tannin biomass require effective strategy for its beneficial utilization.
GNRSA-2020/024
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEM OF RAJOURI AND POONCH, J&K
AJAZAHMAD* AND MAMTABHAT
Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri (J&K) – 185 234
Plants growing at an interface between land and water are known as riparian plants and the regions where such plant communities are found
growing are called as riparian zones. The word ‘Riparian’ has been originated from the Latin word “Ripa’’ which is a self explanatory
meaning along the river, stream, pond or lake of the surrounding landscapes. Basically, it forms a connecting link between land and river and
serves as a transitional zone between aquatic and terrestrial habitat . They have their own unique characteristics like marshy soil, flora, fauna
and community structure.The Riparian vegetation largely contributes to the rich diversity and also perform many other ecological functions
like minimizing floods, controlling soil erosion, obstructing and isolating various pollutants, providing rich organic matter and controlling
nutrient cycles, regulating temperature through canopy shadows, providing food, shelter and breeding sites to various animals of terrestrial
and aquatic habitats.In case of the two twin districts of Rajouri and Poonch of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir this unique ecosystem
is well supported by a number of perennial rivers and ephemeral streams such as Ans River, MunawwarTawi and Poonchriver. Which on the
other hand, is under severe threat as a result of various natural and anthropogenic activities like river valley projects, large-scale
encroachment, developmental activities, deforestation, urbanization, agriculture expansion, industrial and urban pollution, soil erosion,
mining and siltation. Keeping in view the rapid degradation with increasing population pressure coupled with the global warming , there is
an urgent need of some effective management for conservation of such important ecosystem well in time otherwise their uniqueness will be
lost forever.
GNRSA-2020/025
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN BOVINE ANIMALS
AJIT SINGH1, NEERAJ2, SUAHMA3, GAURAV JAIN2, AND NG. JAMES SINGH2
Department of Animal Husbandry (U.P.), Government Veterinary Hospital Chilla Prayagraj. 1
Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying SHUATS, Prayagraj-211007, (U.P.)2
Department of Biotechnology, SHUATS, Prayagraj -211007, (U.P.) India.3
The role of trace minerals in animal production is an area of strong interest for producers, feed manufactures, veterinarians and scientists. The
trace mineral, though required in minute quantities (less than 100 mg/kg dry matter), are essential for maintaining health and immunity. They
are involved in growth, production and reproduction. Trace elements act as cofactors of enzymes which are important to the immunity of
animal. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, ceruloplasmin and catalase are important
enzymes that have trace elements as cofactors. These enzymes act as antioxidants and prevent oxidative stress by neutralizing oxidants
produced under different stresses. Besides, trace elements contribute to general health of animal thereby enhancing disease resistance. As
animal trace mineral status declines immunity and enzyme functions are compromised first, followed by a reduction in maximum growth and
fertility, and finally normal growth and fertility decrease prior to evidence of clinical deficiency. The trace elements are important for proper
functioning of a number of enzymes and proteins which are involved in many physiological, biochemical and metabolic processes that
contribute to growth and production.
Keywords: animals, health, Bovine, production, reproduction and trace minerals
GNRSA-2020/026
DISCONTINUANCE OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS: EXTENT AND REASONS
AKANCHHA SINGH1, VLV KAMESWARI 2 ARPIT HURIA3
1, 3
PhD Scholar, 2Professor, Department of Agricultural Communication, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Agriculture sector depends on innovations because these provide the foundation for growth and development of the sector. Innovation is an
idea, object or practice perceived as new or improvement over the existing one by the members of social system. Innovations in techniques,
methods, varieties and implements have made India self sufficient in this sector but still certain challenges exist. There is still a wide gap
between agricultural innovations developed at research institutions and their adoption by small-scale farmers and rural households. The
reason is the prescription approach of knowledge generating system that leads to dissemination of the technologies which are not suited to
farmers’ local conditions and situations. This leads to discontinuance of a number of technologies. A number of reasons associated to it like
natural hazards or circumstances like pest (bird and rodent) invasion and drought, complexity of innovations, unavailability of inputs, non-
suitability of innovations to field condition, high maintenance cost etc. The alarming rates of discontinuance need immediate analysis of
reasons of discontinuance. The credibility of recommended technologies is getting affected as farmers find it is difficult to continue with such
technologies. This shows that there is a need to try decentralized innovations in agriculture as well.
Keywords: Innovations, Discontinuance, Reasons, Extent, Challenges.
GNRSA-2020/027
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF DNA DAMAGE CAUSED BY PARTHENIUM PLANT EXTRACT
AKANKSHA SINGH AND SHALANI GUPTA

College Of Biotechnology, Department Of Molecular Biology And Genetic Engineering, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture
And Technology Modipuram Meeeut 250110, U.P
e-mail: akkusingh1304@gmail.com
SSR markers were assayed to assess the DNA damage caused by Parthenium plant extract in V. faba and H. vulgare with 15, 30 and 45 days
treated samples using three different concentrations of Parthenium plant extract viz. 2.5 %, 5.0 % and 7.5 %. The DNA of both crop plants
was isolated using standard CTAB method. PCR based analysis was done to determine DNA damage followed by gel electrophoresis to
visualize the PCR bands. Molecular Studies revealed some newly induced bands and some normal bands disappeared which shows change in
genomic DNA. In V. faba GTS (Genomic Template Stability) value varies from 42.90 % (7.5 % of 15 days treated sample) to 75 % (5.0 % of
30 days treated sample). In H. vulgare GTS values varies from 16.67 % (5.0 % and 7.5 % of 30 and 45 days treated samples) to 83.33 % (2.5
% of 15 and 45 days treated). Marker analysis shows that Parthenium plant extract was capable of inducing DNA damage as lower estimated
GTS values reflects high to medium genetic variability, although its suggested more studies on this aspect to save field crops from damage on
DNA. S
Keywords: Parthenium, V. faba, H. vulgare, GTS, DNA damage, PC
GNRSA-2020/028
EFFECT OF PARTHENIUM PLANT EXTRACT ON ONION MERISTEMATIC ROOT TIPS
AKANKSHA SINGH AND SHALANI GUPTA
College of biotechnology, department of molecular biology and genetic engineering, Sardar vallabh bhai Patel university of agriculture and
technology modipuram meeeut 250110, u.p
The effect of Parthenium plant extract was studied on meristematic root tips of onion (A. cepa) to determine the cytotoxicity in onion root
tips. Root tips of onion were treated with a series of concentrations viz. 2.5 %, 5.0 % and 7.5 % for 24 and 48 hours. Acetocarmine staining
was done to visualize the mitotic stages. Extract effect on the relative durations and concentrations of each mitotic stage as compared with
control treatments. Mitotic index was decreased with increasing concentration of Parthenium extract. The RDR (Relative Division Rate)
considerably became more negative and RAR (Relative Abnormality Rate) was increased along with increasing doses of Parthenium extract.
But RDR was more negative with 24 hours of treatment where RAR increased with prolonged treatment. Increment in the negative value of
RDR was directly proportional to the severity of the mitotic inhibition. Several chromosomal aberrations were recorded i.e. early prophase,
sticky metaphase, C- metaphase, disturbed metaphase and anaphase, forward metaphase anaphase and telophase chromosomes, laggards in
anaphase and telophase, bridges at anaphase and telophase, micronucleus at inter-phase. Thus, it was concluded that with the increasing
concentration of Parthenium plant extract in both the durations the total percent of abnormal cells was increased followed by decrease in
Mitotic index which shows that Parthenium plant extract have potential to cause cytotoxicity as well as genotoxicity in A. cepa and a threat to
other agronomic crops.
GNRSA-2020/029
INFLUENCE OF CORN SILK POWDER SUPPLEMENTATION ON SENSORY AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
DEVELOPED FOOD
AKANKSHA SINGH*AND RITA SINGH RAGHUVANSHI
Research Scholar* and Professor
Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145,
Distt.-Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
Dried stigmata of maize (Zea mays) female flowers, commonly known as “corn silk” is distributed widely throughout the world. Corn silk is
a well-known traditional herb that has been used for treatment of varied diseases. In spite of various pharmacological activities, corn silk is
still considered as a waste during corn processing. So, the present study is designed to develop value added food products using different
level of corn silk powder up to 10 percent to assess its organoleptic quality as well as nutritional composition of prepared product. Fresh Corn
silk variety of CMVL Sweet corn-1were harvested from NEBCRC, G.B.P.U.A.T. Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. Fresh corn silks were
chopped and dried in tray dryer for 6 hours at 40°C temperature. Dried corn silks were crushed manually and grind it inan electric grinder
then sieving through 60 mesh size used for preparation of value-added food products. Other ingredients required for the development of
value-added products were procured from local market. Organoleptic analysis was done to assess the sensory attributes by using nine-point
hedonic scales. The prepared product was analyzed for its nutritional composition by using the standard procedure Mean scores of
organoleptic parameters indicated that all levels were acceptable in terms of their colour, appearance, aroma, texture and taste. So, the
sensory evaluation of products showed that amaranth could be incorporated up to, 10% in development of food products. Considering the
results of the study on nutritional composition of products showed that after incorporation of different levels of corn silk, the content of
dietary fiber, protein and ash increased significantly (P≤0.05. Hence, it was concluded that the different amount of corn silk plays an
important role in product development by enhancing nutritional parameters and overall product quality.
Keywords: nutritional; corn silk; value added; sensory evaluation.
GNRSA-2020/030
UTILIZATION OF AMARANTHS GRAINS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS.
AKANKSHSA SINGH AND DARSHAN PUNIA
Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
*Corresponding Author: akanksha513510@gmail.com
Present investigation was carried out to analyze the physic-chemical properties and nutritional composition of maranth and their utilization
for product development. The products prepared using amaranth included chapatti, porridge, ladoo, sevand kheer. The developed products
were evaluated for sensory and nutritional parameters.The results on physico-chemical properties of amaranth revealed that bulk density of
amaranth was 6.06g/ml, water absorption capacity 9.40 ml/g and fat absorption capacity 58.16%. Swelling capacity of amaranth was 2.54
ml/g.The results of proximate composition revealed that Amaranth had moisture 10.33%. 14.29% protein, 5.80% fat, 2.84% ash and 4.91%
crude fibre. Albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin fractions of amaranth were 9.82, 9.50, 1.42 and 1.28 per cent, respectively. The total,
soluble and insoluble dietary fibre content of amaranth was 27.34, 9.40 and 17.95%, respectively. Calcium, zinc, iron and potassium contents
were 272.03 mg/100g, 5.81 mg/100g, 13.76 mg/100g and 329.87 mg/100g, respectively. Five products namely chapatti, porridge, ladoo,
sevand kheer were prepared using amaranth and were evaluated organoleptically using nine point Hedonic scale by a panel of ten judges.
Mean scores of organoleptic parameters indicated that all the products were acceptable in terms of their colour, appearance, aroma, texture
and taste. Overall acceptability scores of the five products revealed that chapatti, salty porridge, sev, ladooand kheer were “liked moderately”
and sweet porridge was „liked very much‟ by the judges. Sensory evaluation of products showed that amaranth could be incorporated up to
60% in chapatti and 40% in ladoo, 50% in porridge and sevand 100% in kheer. Results of the study on Proximate composition of products
showed that after incorporation of different levels of amaranth in chapatti, porridge and kheer, the content of crude protein, fat, and crude
fibre increased significantly. It was observed that addition of 20% amaranth flour to wheat flour (Type I chapatti) did not bring any change in
its ash content, whereas addition of 40% (Type II) and 60% (Type III) amaranth flour significantly increased ash content from 1.58 (control
chapatti) to 1.75 and 1.81%, respectively. With the increase in the level of amaranth in porridge and kheer, ash content increased
significantly. The results of the study indicated that with the increase in incorporation level of amaranth flour in various products the amount
of total dietary fibre, insoluble and soluble dietary fibre increased significantly. In the present study, the mineral determinations revealed the
presence of good amount of essential minerals like calcium, zinc, iron and potassium in the formulated products. It was found that all
minerals studied increased to a significant extent after incorporation of amaranth flour to various products.
Keyword: Amaranth, Bengal gram flour, nutritional composition, sensory evaluation, products,
GNRSA-2020/031
SIDEROPHORE: ITS ROLE IN MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE.
AKASH PANDEY AND ANKIT SINGH
Department of Plant Pathology
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuram (Meerut)
Siderophores are small organic molecules produced by microorganisms under iron-limiting conditions which enhance the uptake of iron to
the microorganisms. In environment, the ferric form of iron is insoluble and inaccessible at physiological pH (7.35–7.40). Under this
condition, microorganisms synthesize siderophores which have high affinity for ferric iron. These ferric iron-siderophore complexes are then
transported to cytosol. In cytosol, the ferric iron gets reduced into ferrous iron and becomes accessible to microorganism. In recent times,
siderophores have drawn much attention due to its potential roles in different fields. Siderophores have application in microbial ecology to
enhance the growth of several unculturable microorganisms and can alter the microbial communities. In the field of agriculture, different
types of siderophores promote the growth of several plant species and increase their yield by enhancing the Fe uptake to plants. Siderophores
acts as a potential biocontrol agent against harmful phyto-pathogens and holds the ability to substitute hazardous pesticides. Heavy-metal-
contaminated samples can be detoxified by applying siderophores, which explicate its role in bioremediation. Siderophores can detect the iron
content in different environments, exhibiting its role as a biosensor. In the medical field, siderophore uses the “Trojan horse strategy” to form
complexes with antibiotics and helps in the selective delivery of antibiotics to the antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Certain iron overload diseases
for example sickle cell anemia can be treated with the help of siderophores. Other medical applications of siderophores include antimalarial
activity, removal of transuranic elements from the body, and anticancer activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the important roles and
applications of siderophores in different sectors including ecology, agriculture, bioremediation, biosensor, and medicine.
Keywords -Iron , Siderophore , Microbial ecology , Bioremediation , Biosensor ,Medicine.
GNRSA-2020/032
NEW RECORD OF COMMON GREEN LACE-WING CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS, 1836) (INSECTA: NEUROPTERA
: CHRYSOPIDAE), A BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROLLER, FROM DEHRA DUN (UTTARAKHAND, INDIA)
AKHLAQ HUSAIN
(Former Scientist-E, Zoological Survey of India) 41, Hari Vihar, Vijsay Park, Chakrata Road, Dehra Dun -248001, Uttarakhand, India
The present study deals with the new record of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836), the Common Green Lace-wing, from Dehra Dun
(Uttarakhand), with distribution, food & feeding, breeding, behaviour, prey aphids, pest host plants and its efficacy in biological pest control.
Keywords: New record, Chrysoperla carnea, Dehra Dun.
GNRSA-2020/033
VERTICAL FARMING: SOLUTION TO FEED THE GROWING POPULATION
AKSHIT AND SUNIL
Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
By 2050, the world’s population is expected to grow by another 2 billion people and their feeding it will be a huge challenge. Increasing food demand due to
a growing population along with ever decreasing arable lands poses one of the greatest challenges in food production. So that vertical farming can be the
answer to this. Vertical farming is the practice of producing food on vertically inclined surfaces. The method helps mountainside towns, deserts and cities
where grow different types of fruits and vegetables instead of farming vegetables and other foods such as in a field or a greenhouse, this method produces
foods in vertically stacked layers commonly integrated into other structures like a skyscraper, shipping container or repurposed warehouse. Using Controlled
Environment Agriculture (CEA) technology, this modern idea uses indoor farming techniques. The primary goal of this is to produce more foods per square
meter. Secondly, a perfect combination of natural and artificial lights is used to maintain the perfect light level in the room. Thirdly, instead of soil,
aeroponic, aquaponic or hydroponic growing mediums are used. Peat moss or coconut husks and similar non-soil mediums are very common in vertical
farming. In fact, vertical farming uses 95% less water. Vertical farming offers a plan to handle future food demands, it allows crops to grow year-round,
weather doesn't affect the crops,more organic crops can be grown and there is less exposure to chemicals and disease. However, there are a few drawbacks
like very costly, involve higher labour costs. It would reduce the amount of farmland needed, which could decreased eforestation and pollution. Vertical
farming technologies are still relatively new. The performance of farms like Aero Farmswill determine how important a role vertical farming will play in the
future to face the challenge of growing food demand.
GNRSA-2020/034
STUDY OF PROBIOTIC STEVIA BASED CHOCOLATE
ALICE SINGH AND ER. NAMRATA YADAV
Department Of Food Processing And Technology, School Of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Budddha University,
Gautam Buddh Nagar, UP, India
The popularity of chocolate around the world combined with high level of health related awareness of the contemporary consumer, imposed
the idea of enriching chocolate with probiotic bacterial strains and adding natural sweetener to it. The main objective of this work was to
obtain a potentially probiotic stevia chocolate by using microencapsulated Lactobacillus strains. The Lactobacillus strains were encapsulated
as micro-beads by using sodium alginate and these beads were incorporated into chocolate suspension. This probiotic milk chocolate
displayed the same sensory properties as the reference, probiotic-free chocolate. The number of live bacterial cells was maintained at the
functional level of 107 – 109 Cfu/g after keeping for 4 weeks at 40 C. Neither the texture nor the total and volatile acidity of chocolate masses
were changed by addition of the microencapsulated Lactobacillus cells. The organoleptic evaluation during storage study suggests that the
product can be kept for one month under refrigerated storage (4ºC) without deterioration in taste and flavor. Also considering the high viable
cell count (109 cfu/ml) even after 4 weeks of storage. The process of preparation of probiotic chocolate can be techno-economically feasible,
justifies the suitability of chocolate as a carrier for in microencapsulated mixture of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus
bulgaricus. Chocolate had acceptable organoleptic quality till 30 days of storage but the viability of the bacteria remained good upto 15 days
of storage at 10±2 C Chocolate is willingly consumed by children and teenagers. The supplementation of this product with encapsulated live
probiotic cells can enrich their snacks.
GNRSA-2020/035
DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNITY BOOSTING MULTIGRAIN BURGER BUNS FROM BARLEY, RAGI, WHEAT, AND
SPECIFIC SPICES AND HERBS
ALOK DHAR DUBEY* AND SHIV SHANKAR SHUKLA
Department of food Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh – 482004
Immunity boosting multigrain burger bun was developed using three types of grains (barley, ragi, wheat) and certain spices & herbs (clove,
ginger, turmeric, lime, basil and moringa). Mix flour was prepared by using 5 parts of ragi flour, 10 parts of barley flour, and the remaining
being wheat flour to which 5 gram each of clove and turmeric was added in the flour, while 50 ml concentrated decoction of ginger, lime,
basil and moringa was also prepared and was used during mixing of dough. Composite flour (CF) was prepared by replacing wheat flour with
mix flour at various proportions i.e. 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Burger buns were prepared from the composite flour. Physical and sensory
analysis of bun was carried out viz., protein, fat, mineral, fiber and energy, whose value increased with the increase in blending proportions
but volume and palatability of bun decreased with increase in substitution. Burger bun prepared by 10% substitution was having maximum
yieldand was also highly acceptable as compared to other buns. Potent anti-viral food items turmeric, lime, basil, moringain the form of
decoction was included in burger buns as they have proved to boost up the immune system and protect body against several infectious
diseases.
GNRSA-2020/036
PREDICTING THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TAXUS BACCATATHROUGH ECOLOGICAL NICHE
MODELLING IN HIMACHAL PRADESH.
AMAN KUMAR1, A.K SHARMA2, RAJESH KUMAR3,
1
Ph.d scholar, NWFP discipline, Forest Research Institute (Deemed to be university), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India.
2
Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India.
3
Nation Sample Survey, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 24001
Himalayan yew (Taxus baccata) is distributed in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region have been commercially exploited in recent
decades to extract an anticancer chemotherapeutic drug ’Taxol’. Additionally, indigenous people of this region are using yews for several
other purposes including gastro-intestinal disorders, respiratory problems, skeletal system disorders,among others. Due to over-harvesting of
its bark and leaves, most wild populations are threatened with extinction and are endangered in the Himalayas.To understand species
ecological and geographic distribution in Himachal pradesh, we used ecological niche modelling (ENM) based on field sample-based
distributional information, in relation to climatic and topographic datasets. Initially, a total of 35 variables including 19 bioclimatic,
topographical (slope, aspect, elevation), LULC, aridity index, evapo-transpiration and soil variables were used. Before modelling, Multi-
collinearity test between the predictor variables was performed using ENM Tools and the variables with r>0.8 was removed from the model.
Hence only 25 variables were used further along with 92 spatio-temporally independent species occurrence locations for model building. We
used three ENM approaches, namely MaxEnt, SVM(Support Vector Machine) and Climate space Model for predicting potential areas of
occurrence. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess each model's performance. MaxEnt performed better with an
AUC value of 0.95, as compared to SVM (0.92), and Climate Space model with lower area under AUC value 0.92, which means lower ability
in discriminating the suitable/unsuitable area. The jackknife test shows that, LULC, Precipitation of Coldest Quarter(BIO19), Mean
Temperature of Coldest Quarter (BIO11), Elevation, Aspect, Organic Carbon Content were the key predictor variables associated with its
distribution.The success of this ENM-based approaches provides a promising tool for exploring various scenarios useful in the study of
ecology, biogeography and reintroduction as well as conservation planning in Himalayas.
Keywords: AUC, ENM, MaxEnt, Multi-collinearity, LULC, SVM.
GNRSA-2020/037
PROTEOMICS: A MODERN TECHNIQUE FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
AMAN SINGH1, JUHI PANDEY1, SUDHANSHU SINGH1
1.Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, A.N.D.U.A.T. Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Proteomics is a smaller amount well developed. Its principle is comparable to the distinction analysis except proteins, instead of mRNAs,
area unit targeted. Curiously, the foremost long mRNAs aresecreted proteins whereas the foremost long proteins aren't secreted. Genetics
aims to check differential supermolecule expression and supermolecule interactions. As concerning 10–30% of genes are expressed in cells, a
minimum of 104 proteins are made, providing the chance for a minimum of 1016 protein–protein interactions between simply two expressed
merchandise. Genetics depends heavily on 2D gel electrophoresis and careful analysis of completely different the variousspots obtained once
examination different samples. Of course, it's constant difficulties that are for mRNAs—that is, every individual cell generates an enormous
range of various proteins and it's troublesome to induce clear leads to samples aside from with microorganisms. like distinction analysis,
genetics information have faith in refined bioinformatics to get models and to recognise a “cluster” expression pattern.
Keywords: Protein, mRNA, Expression, Genetics,
GNRSA-2020/038
EFFECT OF ISOLATED BIO-AGENTS ON RADIAL GROWTH OF FUSARIUM WILT OF PIGEONPEA
AMIT KUMAR MAURYA, VINNY JOHN, SOBITA SIMON AND ABHILASHA A LAL
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences- 211 007 Prayagraj (U.P.)
Pigeonpea is the most important pulse crop among the major Rabi pulse of India. Fusarium wilt which is caused by Fusarium udum is
considered to be the most devastating disease of this crop. The general inadequacy of chemical fungicides to tackle Fusarium wilt in
pigeonpea, has lead to the search for ecofriendly management to wilt disease. Ten isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma
harzianum were isolated from pigeonpea field and evaluated against Fusarium udum in vitro. Out of ten isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens
isolates Pf7 (90.04%) were showing highest percentage inhibition of radial growth of Fusarium udum in dual culture. Trichoderma harzianum
were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium udum under in vitro conditions. The rate of parasitism was found fastest in isolates
Th7 (72.40%) over growth in 72 hrs. The antagonist isolates Pf7-Pseudomonas fluorescens and Th7-Trichoderma harzianum spp. was chosen
to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. udum.
Keywords: Fusarium wilt, Pseudomonas spp., Trichoderma harzianum, Radial growth
GNRSA-2020/039
URBAN FARMING
DR. AMIT KUMAR MISHRA, DR. R. P. SINGH AND DR. R. K. PANDEY
Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Raj.)
The concept of Urban Farming has gained the serious attention of cities of India. The combined issues of Population explosion, rapid
urbanization and climate change are posing a great threat to the Food Supply. The population of cities or urban in India continues to expand
exponentially. It is predicted that by 2050, 55% of Indians will be living in urban areas. Traditional Agricultural Industry is challenged to
keep pace with this as it is estimated that agricultural land capacity can increase by 2% only. Urban Farming is seen to have the potential for
cities to have at least some measure of Food Security. Urban farming is a process of using innovative scientific farming techniques to produce
high yield and high quality of fresh organic food in very limited urban areas like terraces and balconies, all year -round. It is seen to have
many advantages including non-dependence on vagaries of Climate, use of recycled water from Sewage and treated Wet waste as compost,
the proximity of producers to consumers, reduction of carbon footprints etc. The Concept of Urban Vertical Farm has been around since the
’80s but the Urban Farming Industry is not growing so fast. The main challenges seem to be Economic viability and Sustainability There is
still a lack of any comprehensive knowledge and know-how in the public realm regarding practical aspects of Urban Farming. The Economic
costs and viability for large scale urban Farming seems prohibitive. Thus, the urban farming industry has not grown much.
GNRSA-2020/040
EVALUATION OF MYCOBIOTA OF SOIL FUNGI ISOLATED FROM GARDEN SOIL AND FROM SOIL CONTAMINATED
WITH PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS
AMIT KUMAR1, SANJAY KUMAR1, ASHU TYAGI2, RAJ SINGH3, PERMOD KUMAR4 AND M.U. CHARAYA5
Department of Botany, M.S. College Saharanpur, U.P.
Department of Botany, V.K.M.G. Khatauli (autonomous), Muzaffarnagar, U.P.
Department of Biotechnology, M.M.U. Mullana, Haryana
Department of Botany, S.V.S. University, Meerut, U.P.
Department of Botany, C.C.S. University, Meerut, U.P.
A lesser number of fungal isolates were obtained from soils under the impact of pulp and paper mill effluents as compared to that from
normal garden soil. The Shannon’s diversity index of polluted soil was also lowest than that of garden soils. Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus
flavus and Aspergillus niger dominated the Mycobiota of polluted soils. These species can be utilized for in situ bioremediation of pulp and
paper mill effluents. Alternatively, their biomass may be tried for developing –biosorption- based treatment plant for the effluents. Such
under the impact of these effluents had higher pH than of garden soils.
Keywords: Soil Fungi, Garden Soil, Polluted Soil, Paper and Pulp mill Effluents, Shannon’s Diversity Index
GNRSA-2020/041
LOQUAT: A FUTURE POTENTIAL CROP FOR KASHMIR VALLEY
AMIT KUMAR, IKRA MANZOOR, M K SHARMA, A S SINDOURI, SHARBAT HUSSAIN AND TAJAMUL FAROOQ WANI
Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar Campus
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is an important sub-tropical, evergreen fruit tree belonging to family Rosaceae which is cultivated from
over 2000 years in China, Pakistan, Japan, India and many Mediterranean countries. In India, it is grown mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Himachal
Pradesh and parts of Punjab. In Jammu and Kashmir, loquat is an underutilized fruit crop and is mainly found in some areas of Kashmir
valley like Botanical and other mughal gardens and 1-2 plants are also found growing in homestead areas. It has great potential in terms of
food security, economic growth and beautification. Loquat tree produce fruits during May-June and due to less competition with other fruits it
fetches good market price. Fruit and leaves of loquat have been considered to have high medicinal value ‘Feitai’, a compound formula,
consisting of a number of herbs including loquat leaves, can be used as a folk medication for treating the patients with pulmonary
tuberculosis. Loquat leaves are known to have many physiological actions such as expectorant and anti-inflammatory and are used to treat
skin diseases and to relieve pain, inflammation and coughing. Loquat leaves have ursolic acid and oleanolic acid both having hypoglycemic
and anti-hyper-lipidaemic properties. Leaves also contain anti-tumor agents and furthermore have the anti-diabetic properties. The loquat
seeds contain the unsaturated fatty acids linolenic and linoleic acids and the sterol beta-sitosterol, which may contribute to the improvement
of liver function. Loquat seed extract has an inhibitory effect on liver disorder. It also has the anti-inflammatory effects. Considering increase
in current as well as future demand of loquat, it would be a great opportunity for the growers to start up loquat farming in the Kashmir valley,
which is befitted for its cultivation.
GNRSA-2020/042
IMPACT OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS (FLDS) ON KHARIF MAIZE IN BUNDELKHAND REGION
AMIT TOMAR, S.S. SINGH, VIJAY KUMAR MISHRA, USHA, SANDEEP UPADHYAY, V. DAVID CHELLA BASKAR AND
*SONU KUMAR
College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
*Manager Research and Development, Nutranta Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Regional Centre, Sunam, Punjab-148028
Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) on maize was conducted in five villages namely; Pipra in Jhansi District of Uttar Pradesh, Punchampura,
Kunwarpura & Daryan Kala in Tikamgarh District & Sanora in Datia District of Madhya Pradesh. Total 40 farmers were selected on the basis
of their socio-economic conditions. The main objective of the FLDs to improve the socio-economic condition of the Bundelkhand farmers,
increasing the maize cultivated area during kharif season in Bundelkhand region and also utilization of the kharif fellow land for cultivation
of maize crop. The results revealed that farmers were benefitted from the FLDs practice in comparison to the their own traditional practices.
The average yield production of maize from farmers practices and from FLDs practices was 12 quintals per hectare and 40 quintals per
hectare, respectively. The cost : benefit ratios from farmers & FLDs practices was 1.2 & 3.6, respectively.
Keywords: Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs), Kharif maize & Bundelkhand region.
GNRSA-2020/043
GENETIC COMPONENTS, COMBINING ABILITY (GCA & SCA) AND HETEROSIS ANALYSIS FOR QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN & COSS)
1
AMIT TOMAR AND 2MAHAK SINGH
1
Teaching/Research Associate, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, RLBCAU, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
2
Professor & Head, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CSAUA&T, Kanpur-208002, U.P., India.
Kanpur, during rabi season 2017-19. 7-parents/strains (Maya, Basanti, PM-28, PM-29, PM-30, Rohini and Kanti) were crossed in diallel
mating design. (excluding reciprocal crosses) 28 genotypes (21 F1 + 7 parents) were evaluated for 10 characters viz,. days to 50% flowering,
days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm), number of siliquae per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number
of secondary branches per plant, oil content (%), 1000-seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Analysis of variance revealed that the
genotypes were genetically differ to each for all the characters. A perusal of heritability estimates indicated high heritability values in all the
ten characters under study. The estimates of heritability (narrow sense) were observed high for the characters varied from 21.86 for number
of primary branches per plant to 83.81 for days to maturity. As per calculation the high heritability were recorded for all the characters. The
high value were found days to maturity (83.81%) followed by oil content (82.89%), days to 50% flowering, seed yield per plant (79.02%),
1000-seed weight (72.23%), number of secondary branches per plant (69.15%), plant height (68.59%), number of siliquae per plant (45.86%),
length of main raceme (41.13%) and number of primary branches per plant (21.86%). The genetic advance in percent over mean was
estimated for all the 10 characters which ranged from 1.85% number of siliquae per plant to 11.63% for number of secondary branches per
plant. The high values were found number of secondary branches per plant (11.63%) followed by days to 50% flowering (11.19%), seed yield
per plant (10.86%), 1000-seed weight (10.17%), days to maturity (7.44%), oil content (5.66%), plant height (5.48%), length of main raceme
(4.76%), number of primary branches per plant (4.75%) and number of siliquae per plant (1.85%). Correlation coefficient analysis in the
present investigation is also carried out in F1's generation. Significant positive correlations are founds in Seed yield per plant have positive
association with plant height, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of
secondary branches per plant, oil content and 1000-seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic level.
Keywords: Brassica Juncea, Indian Mustard, Quantitative traits, Heritability, Genetic Advance Studies and Diallel Mating Design.
GNRSA-2020/044
GENETIC VARIABILITY ANALYSIS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN & COSS]
1
1
Teaching/Research Associate, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agriucultural University, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
2
Professor & Head, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology-Kanpur-208002
An experiment with 45 F1s and 45 F2s each developed through 10-parent-diallel mating design for genetical studies was carried out in a
Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications during Rabi 2013-15 at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur of Chandra
Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The observations were recorded on 12 characters namely, days to flowering,
days to maturity, plant height (cm), leaf area index, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of siliquae per
plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seeds weight (g), harvest index (%), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g). The analysis of
variance indicated highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 12 characters in both F 1 and F2 generations. The orthogonal
break up namely, parents and F1s showed significant differences. Parents vs. F1s revealed significant differences for all the characters, viz.,
days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), leaf area index, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number
of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seeds weight (g), harvest index (%), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g),
exhibiting considerable amount of heterotic response in these traits. Similarly parents and F 2s revealed highly significant differences for all
the 12 attributes. Highly significant differences of parents vs. F 2s in respect of all the 12 characters mentioned above indicated high
variability in F2s as compared to parental generation F1s vs. F2s revealed highly significant differences for all the 12 traits reflecting
variability in these attributes in subsequent generations. The magnitude of variability in F 1s and F2s was higher for all the characters in
comparison to parental generation except days to flowering in F 2 generation. It indicated the release of genetic variability in significant and
desirable direction in F1s and F2s. It was due to hybridization of diverse parents being of different genetic background. Considering
simultaneously the magnitude of variability the extent of variability differed from parents vis-a-vis F1 hybrids and parents vis-a-vis F2 crosses.
F1 hybrids reflected greater variation in eight out of 12 attributes in comparison of F 2 progenies.
GNRSA-2020/045
GENETICAL STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS RELATED COMPONENTS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA
(L.) CZERN. & COSS.]
1
1
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agriucltural University, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
2
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology-Kanpur-208002
The materials comprising of 8 parents, their 28 F 1 and 28 F2s were sown in Randomized Block Design with three replication during Rabi
2012-2013 at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur of C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208002. The observations
were recorded on 10 characters namely, days to flowering, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, days to maturity,
plant height (cm), number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, 1000-seed weight (gm), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant
(gm). The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the treatments for all the characters. Parents vs. F 1s, parents vs. F2s
and F1s vs. F2s also revealed highly significant differences for all the characters except number of primary branches, number of secondary
branches, days to maturity and oil content. Combining ability revealed highly significant gca and sca variances in respect of all the traits in
both the generations. It indicated the presence of both additive and non-additive genetic effects in the expression of these characters. Average
degree of dominance (σ̂ s/σ̂ g) was over dominance type for days to flowering, number of primary branches, number of secondary
2 2 0.5
branches, number of siliquae per plant and seed yield per plant, in both the generations. Parents NRCDR-2, CS-52 and Urvashi were good
combiners each for nine, Five and Four characters, respectively. The cross NRCDR-2 × Maya, NRCDR-2 × Urvashi, Maya × Urvashi, JM-2
× RGN-73, JM-2 × Geeta and CS-52 × Urvashi were adjudged as good combination in both the generation having desirable sca effects. The
maximum heterosis over economic parent was observed in cross CS-52 × Urvashi for seed yield per plant. The maximum desirable
inbreeding depression was recorded in the cross NRCDR-2 × JM-2. High heritability estimates were observed for days to maturity, number
of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, seed yield per plant and oil content in both the generations and number of secondary
branches and plant height only F1 generation In F2 generation, high heritability was observed for plant height, number of seeds per siliqua and
number of secondary branches. The maximum genetic advance coupled with high heritability was observed for number of siliquae per plant
in F2 generation. Correlation study indicated that Seed yield per plant showed a positive and highly significant association with 1000-seed
weight.
GNRSA-2020/046
EVALUATION OF COLOURED SWEET PEPPER GENOTYPES UNDER TEMPERATE CONDITIONS OF KASHMIR
VALLEY
AMREENA SULTAN*1, BASEERAT AFROZA1, NAJMU SAKIB2, AFROZA AKHTER1, SYED AZRAH INDRABI1, MAJID
RASHID1, MUZAMIL RATHER1
1
2
Division of Plant Pathology
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir (India)
In the present study fifteen coloured capsicum genotypes were evaluated for maturity, yield attributing and quality traits with the purpose of
identifying genotypes with higher yielding ability and better quality. The experimental materials were evaluated at Experimental Farm of
Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during Kharif 2018. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized block design
with three replications. The observations were recorded on various maturity, growth, yield attributing and maturity traits. Mean performance
of genotypes for maturity, yield and quality traits depicted the existence of sufficient amount of variation in the given set of genotypes
thereby indicating a good scope for improvement of the population through various breeding procedures.
Keywords: Sweet Pepper, Evaluation, Varieties
GNRSA-2020/047
GENETIC STUDIES IN COLOURED SWEET PEPPER
AMREENA SULTAN*1, BASEERAT AFROZA1, RIZWAN RASHID1, AFROZA AKHTER1, SAYED AZRAH INDRABI1, AZRA
LATEEF1, INSHA JAVEED1 AND NAJMU SAKIB2
1
2
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir (India)
In the present investigation, fifteen diverse genotypes of coloured capsicum were evaluated in experimental field of Division of Vegetable
Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar during kharif 2018. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for
all the traits. Highest genotypic coefficients of variation were depicted by total carotenoids (38.90), fruit yield plant -1 (27.93), fruit yield plot-1
(26.99) and fruit weight (20.33). The heritability in broad sense was high above 60 per cent for all traits except quality traits. Genetic advance
was found to be low in almost all traits. The genotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than phenotypic correlation
coefficients but similar in direction. Fruit yield plot -1 was found to be positively and significantly correlated with plant height, plant spread,
number of secondary branches, number of fruits plant -1, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, pedicel length,
average seed weight fruit-1, number of seeds fruit-1, fruit yield plant-1, seed yield plant-1 and seed yield plot-1.
Keywords: Coloured Sweet pepper, variability, heritability, correlation
GNRSA-2020/048
PLANT FOOD TOXICANTS AND THEIR HARMFUL EFFECTS ON HEALTH
AMREENA SULTAN1, BASEERAT AFROZA1, AFROZA AKHTER1, SAYED AZRAH INDRABI1, NAJMU SAKIB2 AND INSHA
JAVEED1
1
2
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus-190025, Srinagar, J&K, India
Plant toxins are substances produced as secondary metabolites that are identical to extra cellular bacterial toxins in their properties. They
show both useful and harmful effects to human beings. They show a wide range of side effects from minor itching, nausea, vomiting to
adverse effects like psychosis, teratogenicity, arrhythmias. Natural toxins are present in numerous types of plants. These types of compounds
whenever consumed in large quantity or when they are not cooked properly may lead to food poisoning. Plant toxins are found naturally in
vegetables and fruits which have been the common food sources. Natural toxins can also be found in plants because of natural choice as well
as new reproduction methods which enhance these defensive mechanisms. Different kinds of natural toxins can be present in various parts of
a plant like roots, tubers, stems, fruits, buds and foliage. There are many classes of toxic compounds like phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids,
flavonoids, tannins, anti-vitamins, proteins, etc. plant toxins are described according to the organ system in the human body which they
affect, e.g; cardiotoxins, neurotoxins, etc. The degree of toxicity also depends on the location, climatic factors, growing season, variety and
age. The people are advised to be cautious in the amount of intake and are recommended to observe the effects after ingestion.
Keywords: Plant toxin, secondary metabolites, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiotoxins, toxicity
GNRSA-2020/049
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANAOPARTICLES PREPARED BY ROOT EXTRACT OF PSIDIUM GUVAJAVE AND
THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIDIBETIC ACTIVITY
AMRITA RAJ, REENA LAWRENCE AND DIVYA SINGH
Department of Chemistry,Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Science Prayagraj (Allahabad),211003,Uttar Pradesh,
INDIA
The present study is focused on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous root extract of Psidium guajave in order to evaluate
their in vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo antidibetic property of aqueous extracts and their synthesized silver nanaoprticles. The green
synthesied and characterized of silver nanaoaprticles by the using of aqueous root extracts using hot percolation method and their
characterization by SEM, DLS, XRD,UV-Vis. The in-vivo antidibetic activity was assessed in (STZ) streptozotocin induced mice. Mice
were treated with aqueous root extract (100mg/kg) and silver nanoparticles (10mg/kg) for 21 days. The synthesized silver nanoparticles as
potential anti-bacterial agents have been studied on Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MTCC 1688). A Significant
reductuion in blood sugar levels were noted in mice treated with root extract and silver nanaoparticles indicating both the extract as well the
green synthesized silver possessantidibetic activity. And also this result show that green synthesized silver nanoaprticles using root extracts
gained a potential to inhibit the growth of bacteria.The aqueous root extract of Psidium guvajave and silver nanoaparticles proved to deliver
efficient antidibetic activity in the mice model of diabetes. Therefore, it would be a potential to be formulated as felicitous medicine for
medical application in the future.
Keywords- silver nanaoprticles, Antidiabetic, Antibacteri
GNRSA-2020/050
EFFECT OF CHEMICALS ON GROWTH, FLOWER QUALITY AND CORMS YIELD OF GLADIOLUS
AMRUTA PAWAR1, NEHA CHOPDE2, NEHA DALI1
Department of horticulture, college of agriculture, Nagpur, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus) is herbaceous plant and most popular cut flower in the market due to its variation in colour, spike form,
sturdiness, colour cominations and multiple use in flower arrangements and bouquets. However, the obstacle for its round the year
availability is dormancy and decrease in the flower quality which is further aggravated by temperature stress. Therefore it is necessary to
identify chemical combinations for plants, so that they can resist these ever changing climatic conditions. Thiourea breaks the dormancy of
corms while salicylic acid, plays important role in response to stress conditions, diseases and regulates physiological phenomena such as
flowering, cell membrane permeability, stomatal conductance, and defence against biotic and abiotic stress. Therefore, the present research
work was carried out at the farm of Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur from October, 2017 to April, 2018 to record the
effect of thiourea and salicylic acid on growth, yield and quality of gladiolus. The treatments comprised of nine different combinations of
thiourea and salicylic acid viz., T1 - Thiourea 1%, T2 - Thiourea 2 %, T3 - Salicylic acid 100 ppm, T4 - Salicylic acid 150 ppm, T5 - Thiourea
1% + Salicylic acid 100 ppm, T6 - Thiourea 2 % + Salicylic acid 100 ppm, T7 - Thiourea 1% + Salicylic acid 150 ppm, T8 - Thiourea 2% +
Salicylic acid 150 ppm, T9 - Control. The growth parameters viz., Days for sprouting of corms, Sprouting percent of corms, plant height,
quality parameters viz., like length of spike, diameter of spike, vase life of flower and corm parameter viz., like corms plant-1,corms ha-1,
cormels plant-1,diameter of corm, weight of corms plant-1 were recorded maximum when gladiolus plants treated with Thiourea 1% +
Salicylic acid 150 ppm.
GNRSA-2020/051
COVID-19 AFFECTING THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA
ANAM CHOUDHARY, SHABBIR ASHRAF AND NASREEN MUSHEER
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
The COVID-19 disease has taken the world to an economic and social standstill. The lockdown has impacted every part of economic activity,
including agriculture and allied sectors. The pandemic has given new risks to the agricultural sector at the global level. Indian agriculture is
also acutely affected, threatening the livelihood and food security. It affected dairy, poultry, floriculture, seed production and various
industries causing losses. It also affects farmers through the different aspects of farming, from the purchase of inputs, sowing to harvesting,
marketing, and processing. The harvesting of the rabi crops coincides with the pandemic in India, which causes a shortage of labour struck
deep in the global economic system of India. It also affected the overall food supply situation in India to assess the possibilities of food crises
due to transportation facilities and disrupting supply chains. There is an immediate need to understand the consequences as we heavily rely on
the agriculture and food system.
Keywords: COVID-19, agriculture sector, food security, livelihood.
GNRSA-2020/052
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING STRATEGY OF THE ORGANIC FARMING
ANIL KUMAR SINGH, D. K. SINGH, PRAKASH YADAV AND VIMLESH KUMAR
College of Agriculture, Kotwa Azamgarh, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Agriculture is the backbone of all the developed and developing economy. Particularly in the country like India, which is basically an
agriculture base country and having a large number of agricultural labourer and rural labours. Organic produce that farmers have grown and
harvested have to reach consumers for its final use and consumption. So we need a marketing channel to get the attraction of consumers and
distribute our products to final destinations. The products are grown organically but after the introduction of green revolution excess usage of
chemical, pesticides and fertilizers to increase the production and productivity which in turn lead to the infertility of the soil and also results
in the more number of health issues to the people due to environment and others. All these issues lead the consumers to divert their sight
towards organic farm products and the farmers to organic farming. Organic farming is the use of agricultural production systems reliant on
green manure, compost, biological pest control, and crop rotation to produce crops, livestock and poultry. Organic-centred agricultural
production system fosters the cycling of resources to conserve biodiversity and promote ecological balance. The objectives of organic
farming is agricultural production of fibres, grains, vegetables, flowers, fruits, foods, and animal products such as milk, eggs and meat in the
best natural way. The global demand for organic food products is growing at a very rapid rate. Ever since the environmentalists raised their
concern regarding harmful effect of increasing use of chemicals in farming. The consumers are getting conscious and selective about edible
products. This increasing awareness has caused shifts in consumer’s tastes and preferences which have led to the domestic as well as global
rise in demand for organic products. To supplement this demand, farmers have taken to organic farming for getting price premiums. In India,
the farmers have followed the path for organic food production, but the share of India in the world organic market is very less. It is found in
developed countries, the growth of organic farming practice is fast.
GNRSA-2020/053
DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CONSTRAINT OF GREENHOUSE IN LEH
ANIL KUMAR1, SUMATI NARAYAN1 AND AJAZ AHMAD MALIK
1
Division of vegetable science, Faculty of Horticulture SKUAST-K, Shalimar Srinagar-190025
Ladakh is a high altitude cold arid region of India. Human settlements are from 2400-4200 meter above mean sea level in the region. The
climatic and geographic differentiation segregates the region from rest of the world. Therefore, the agro-techniques for the vegetable
production being employed elsewhere are not suitable for this region. Specific agro-techniques are required for this harsh region. Ladakh
having a short growing season for 6-7 months in the lap of Himalayas and its production was high and enough to feed the entire population
with traditional techniques to suit the local climatic conditions along with strong social structure to support the agricultural system. The
temperate regions where climatic conditions are extremely adverse and no crops can be grown; man has developed methods of growing some
high value crop/nontraditional crops continuously by providing protection from the excessive cold, which is called as Greenhouse
Technology. Protected structures in Leh have been designed based on the prevailing climatic conditions which made it possible to grow
vegetables throughout the year as a profitable venture with maximum yield. All types of tropical vegetables viz., Solanaceous, Cole crops and
Cucurbitaceae can be cultivated during the summer season through this technology and in winter leafy vegetables viz. Chinese cabbage,
lettuce, spinach, beet, kale etc, are grown in these special type of green houses.
GNRSA-2020/054
SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NEMATODES
ANJALI NAGORI1, MANISH BISHNOI2
1
M.sc. (Ag.) Nematology, Department of Nematology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT Udaipur, India
2
M.Sc.(Ag.) Entomology, College of agriculture, gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Various workers developed and identified several sustainable concepts and practices for the management of crop nematodes. In which
multiple cropping systems and integrated pest management are age old practices. In the recent time, emphasis has been paid on host
resistance, cultural practices like crop rotation, sanitation, avoidance and limited controlled use of nematicides. Traditional practices for root-
knot disease management include host resistance, cultural practices like crop rotation, sanitation, eradication of diseased roots and residues.
Application of animal wastes, reutilization of industrial effluents and wastes, use of nematode resistant varieties and certain rhizobacteria may
induce resistance in hosts.
Keywords: Cropping Practices; Cultural Practices; Non-Chemical Practices and Disease Resistance.
GNRSA-2020/055
VERMICOMPOSTING; ITS IMPORTANCE, BY-PRODUCTS AND APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE
ANJANA THAKUR1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*
1
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411
2
Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab
A Vermicompost is a process of decomposition of organic waste with the help of earthworms and then produces a better end product which is
called vermicast. Vermicompost is an organic fertilizer which is rich in nutrient and it is a soil conditioner because it contains water soluble
nutrients. Vermicompost boosts the nutrients present in soil that are available to plants intensify soil structure and drainage. Earthworm
ingests organic materials which include scarp papers, farm yard manure, crop residues, residues of food and leftovers and yard trimmings. It
transforms the biodegradable organic waste into valuable products such as wormmeal, vermicast tea, worm casting etc. And act as an organic
fertilizer and biological control agent conquer many plant diseases which are caused by soil borne plant pathogen and pests. Nitrogen
mineralization, C:N ratio and Effect on heavy metals are some important factors can be achieved by the application of vermicompost. It
provides many useful bacteria and is having many advantages as well it is also having some drawbacks like it produce some harmful
greenhouse gases which are nitrous oxide and methane. It is concluded that indigenously prepared earthworm’s vermicompost is
exceptionally superior over conventionally prepared composts. It is confirmed that vermicompost is at least 4 times more nutritive than
conventional cattle dung compost.
Key words: Vermi-compost, earthworm, organic, nutrients, bacteria etc.
GNRSA-2020/056
ZINC BIOFORTIFICATION IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
ANKAJ TIWARI1, VINOD SINGH2 , JOGIDER SINGH, GAURAV SHRARMA4
1,2,4 Department Of Genetics and Plant Breeding Narendra Deva University Of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.)
Though rice is the predominant source of energy and micronutrients for more than half of the world population, it does not provide enough
zinc (Zn) to match human nutritional requirements. Moreover, climate change, particularly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration,
reduces the grain Zn concentration. Therefore, rice biofortification has been recognized as a key target to increase the grain Zn concentration
to address global Zn malnutrition. Major bottlenecks for Zn biofortification in rice are identified as low Zn uptake, transport and loading into
the grain; however, environmental and genetic contributions to grain Zn accumulation in rice have not been fully explored. In this review, we
critically analyze the key genetic, physiological and environmental factors that determine Zn uptake, transport and utilization in rice. We also
explore the genetic diversity of rice germplasm to develop new genetic tools for Zn biofortification. Lastly, we discuss the strategic use of Zn
fertilizer for developing biofortified rice.
GNRSA-2020/057
SELECTION PARAMETERS AND COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS
IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN & COSS) UNDER
NORMAL SOWN CONDITIONS
1
ANKIT KUMAR, 2MAHAK SINGH AND 3AMIT TOMAR
1,2
3
The present investigation was undertaken to study the genotypic architecture of yield and its component traits through 10 parents diallel
crossing programme. The final experiment was conducted during rabi 2016-17 at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur of C.S. Azad University
of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The material for the study included genetically diverse 10 parents/lines, their 45 F 1s and 45 F2s. The
present study revealed that the appreciable variability was present among parents and their F 1s and F2s progenies with respect to all the traits
under study. Dominant gene action was observed for all characters in both generations except days to 50 % flowering. Whereas, in F1
generation the significant for days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of silquae per plant, biological yield per plant,
1000 seed wt, harvest index, seed yield per plant, oil content and protein content. It indicated the presence of both additive and non-additive
gene effects in the expression of all the characters. The parents Ashirwad and Vardan proved to be best general combiners for twelve
characters namely, days to 50 % flowering, length of main raceme, leaf area index, number of secondary branches, days to maturity, plant
height, number of siliquae per plant, number of seed per siliquae, 1000-seed weight and oil content in general most of the parents maintained
their superiority in both the generations and produced comparable estimates of gca effects. MK (L) 13-306 × MK (L) 13-301, MK (L) 13-310
× MK (L) 13-308, MK (L) 13-307 × MK (L) 13-308, Ashirwad × MK (L) 13-301 and MK (L) 13-304 × MK (L) 13-303, MK (L) 13-306 ×
MK (L) 13-301 in both the generations had desirable significant sca effects which are indicative of the presence of additive x additive
interaction effects. High heritability estimates were observed for all the characters in both the generations. Higher estimates of heritability
were due to contribution of additive genetic component. Correlation study indicated that seed yield per plant had significant and positive
correlation with 1000 seed weight, leaf area index, harvest index, oil content, protein content, biological yield per plant, seeds per silquae,
silquae per plant, primary branches per plant and length of main raceme. However it was negatively and significantly associated with days to
50 % flowering, days to maturity and plant height at phenotypic level. The higher magnitude of positive direct effect at phenotype level on
seed yield per plant was exerted by 1000 seed weight followed by biological yield per plant and leaf area index. However negative direct
effects were exerted by days to 50 % flowering and primary branches per plant.
Keywords: Brassica, correlation, diallel, gca, heritability, heterosis, inbreeding depression and path coefficient.
GNRSA-2020/058
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED FERTILIZER ON AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION LOSSES AND N-UPTAKE IN RICE
ANKITA PAUL, RITU TOMER, SHIKHA SHARMA, OMMI KRISHNA JAHNAVI, VINOD KUMAR, ARTI BHATIA
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
Quantification of ammonia (NH3) emissions is essential for estimation of nitrogen (N) use efficiency of applied fertilizer and identifying
strategies for improvement of air quality. To evaluate the impact, three treatments of fertilizer viz. no fertilizer (Control), Neem coated urea
(NCU) and integrated fertilizer (IF-50% NCU + 50% Farm yard manure + Biofertilizer) were taken growing four rice varieties (IR 64, CRD
310, P 44 and MTU 1010) from different agroecological zones in the fields of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. NH3
volatilization losses and N uptake were quantified during crop growth period. IF reduced NH 3 emission by 34.8-39.5% across all rice
varieties as compared to NCU. NCU increased N uptake by 7.6 and 4.8% in P 44 and CRD 310 respectively over IF. An increase of 9.8 and
3.6% was observed in IR 64 and MTU 1010 respectively under IF over NCU. NCU was also found to be effective in increasing grain yield by
9.4 and 9.3% in CRD 310 and MTU 1010 respectively over IF. However grain yield in IR 64 improved by 6.1% when treated with IF over
NCU. These results suggest that the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer may be more effective in reducing NH 3 emissions while
improving the grain yield and N uptake. Therefore, the use of integrated treatment can be a strategy to improve the air quality while
maintaining the crop yield.
GNRSA-2020/059
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SUSTAINABILITY: A WAVE OF THE FUTURE TO DEAL WITH CLIMATE CRISIS
ANKITA SHARMA1* , REHAN2 AND SABYASACHI PRADHAN3
1,2
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Horticulture, COA, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur (M.P.)
3
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Extension Education, COA, J.N.K.V.V. Jabalpur (M.P.)
Agriculture sector in India is shrinking day by day affecting the production capacity of ecosystem. There is a clamant need to solve the
problem in the domain to reimpose vitality and put it back on higher growth. Agriculture has been facing daunting challenges over the decade
due to change in the climate trends. This threatens our ability to ensure global food security, eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable
development. Plausible estimates of these climate change impacts require a combined use of climate, crop, and economic models. Climate
change is eroding the food production, while the on-going agricultural threatens the natural resources on which farming depends. Climate
change hits the World’s poor hardest. Over 70% of the World’s poor has pinned its hope on agriculture and natural resources for their
livelihood. The World aims to achieve zero hunger by 2030, addressing the climate change is pivotal to continue the fight against hunger and
achieve this goal. Production, distribution and consumption patterns have to change to bring stability in food prices. There is a need to shift to
sustainable food systems. Consumers respond by reducing consumption of more expensive crops and shifting to other goods. Producers
respond by changing farm-level management practices and increasing the amount of acreage under these crops. Global reallocation of
production and consumption through international trade further alters climate change impacts on global agriculture. Tackling climate change
and fostering sustainable development are two sides of the same coin.
Keywords: agriculture, food chain, consumers, food security, sustainable development
GNRSA-2020/060
AN OVERVIEW OF MICROWAVE DRYING AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF FOOD MATERIALS
ANKITA SHARMA1, SURBHI SUMAN2ANDKUSUM MEGHWAL3
PhD Scholar, JNKVV, Jabalpur
Assistant Professor, Career Point University, Kota
PhD Scholar, MPUAT, Udaipur
Microwave measurements and the dielectric properties of materials are finding increasing application, as new electro-technology is adapted
for use in agriculture and food processing industries. The interest in dielectric properties of materials has historically been associated with the
design of electrical equipment, where various dielectrics are used for insulating conductors and other components of electric equipment.
Microwave drying is a complex technology since the industrial application depends on many parameters varying as a function of: the dryness,
the drying temperature, the degree of vacuum, the physical and geometrical properties of the crystals, the product quantity and many others.
Although direct heating by microwaves can offer advantages over conventional heat transfer, the different mechanism of energy transfer in
microwave heating has led to new processing challenges. At ideal condition, the energy savings as a result of microwave application is give
better results. Therefore, microwave-assisted drying should be considered for improved heat and mass transfer processes during drying to
produce dried food products with better quality.
GNRSA-2020/061
IN VITRO PROPAGATION, CONSERVATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF RUBIA CORDIFOLIA
ANKITA SHARMA#, SHARDULYA SHUKLA, PUSHPENDER BHARDWAJ, NITISH KUMAR, MANOJ KUMAR PATEL, OM
PRAKASH CHAURASIA, SHWETA SAXENA
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh
Ladakh- a high mountainous rain shadow state of Indian subcontinent, can be characterized by a rugged topography with reduced
precipitation (<100 mm), extremely low temperature −15.6°C (winters) to 23.7°C (summer) and high wind velocity. To encompass such
hardy environmental conditions, plants of this region synthesizes a number of secondary metabolites belonging to different classes with vast
pharmaceutical potential. Rubia cordifolia, also known as Manjistha is one of important medicinal plant growing in this region with extensive
medicinal value. It has been used as indispensable constituents of a number of herbal formulations like Manjistha Kwath, Manjishta Taila,
Chandanasav, Brihamanjisthadi Kwath, Arvindasava and Ashwagandharishta. Plants of this species have been reported to contain a number
of secondary metabolites like purpurin, manjishthin, xanthopurin etc. However the access to raw material from inaccessible natural habitat in
high altitude region of Leh Ladakh remains a challenge. Further, the inappropriate and uncontrolled harvesting has led to the destruction of its
natural habitat. Therefore, this study has been carried out to establish an in vitro propagation protocol for Rubia cordifolia. GC-MS profiling
of methanolic extract of in vitro grown leaves and roots revealed the presence of 16 and 17 phytocompounds respectively belonging to
different classes demonstrating the extensive potential of these in vitro grown plants as source of phytocompounds suitable for various
pharmaceutical applications.
GNRSA-2020/062
ABRASIVE WEAR AND DURABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL DISC OF DISC HARROW
ANNU RANI*, T. P. SINGH, JAYANT SINGH
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Mechanization of agriculture involves the use of different machineries in farming operation right from ploughing to marketing of produce.
In underdeveloped countries like India, farmers require low cost machinery so they generally prefer locally available equipment. Tillage
equipment such as disk harrow, which is used for both primary and secondary tillage, have become common in modern Indian agri culture
as disc tillage implements are impressively applicable over a wide range of soil conditions. It has been seen that disc tillage implements
imposes recurrent downtime and replacement cost on farmers as the farmers use locally available discs manufactured by small s cale
industries. The study has been undertaken to find the best suitable disc among the various commonly used makes available in Indian
market and to estimate the life of each disc so the farmers can keep sufficient stock aforetime, thus reducing downtime and r eplacement
cost. The wear was found to increase with increase in moisture content for sand and decrease with increase in moisture content for silt clay
loam.
GNRSA-2020/063
MICRO-IRRIGATION AND BACK WATER
ANSHITA WALKEY
Dept of Soil and Water Engineering
In the age of water scarcity and climate change, micro-irrigation can help increase crop yield and decrease water, fertilizer and labor
requirements. Agriculture may have to face the brunt, water would be diverted to other sectors and agriculture would have to make its peace
with lesser and poorer quality of water. Climate change too has aggravated water scarcity concerns. Micro irrigation through its water saving
approach, has paved the way for higher water use efficiency of around 75%-95%.The estimation of Backwater availability has been
suggested for using this water through micro irrigation system based on the field survey and monitoring. The capacity of most of the canals
has reported due to deposition of sedimentation in the canal bed coupled with seepage problem. Backwater can refer to a body of water in a
main river, backed by the tide or by an obstruction such as a dam. Main objective is to provide a plan for the augmentation of irrigation
facilities through micro irrigation system using backwater. The backwater may be quantified by both methods spatial and temporal method.
Data regarding to backwater on spatial and temporal basis can be performed making field visits and the help of government records. The
present study attempts for the people of villages near around KVK Mandla (phulsagar), to create provision for Rabi crop during the dry
season for sustenance of their livelihood. This backwater may be quantified both spatially and temporally. Data pertaining to backwater on
spatial and temporal basis can be performed making field visits and the help of government records. Conservation of backwater and its use
for irrigation through MIS (Micro irrigation system) can definitely increase the crop productivity. MIS is effective in saving water and
increasing water use efficiency as compared to the conventional surface irrigation method. The study concludes that Backwater may be
utilized for irrigation. This will also help to utilize the backwater in upland unirrigated areas through MIS system.It has been found that
2311000m³ of backwater remains unutilized. With due time it get evaporated thus making the saline or alkaline on the other hand most of the
upland areas in that area remains unirrigated. Therefore it has been decided to use this water through lift irrigation and by using micro
irrigation system.
Keywords: Backwater, MIS(Micro irrigation system), KVK Mandla, Narmada River
GNRSA-2020/064
RHIZOSPHERE MANAGEMENT: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
ANSHU1*
1*
Division of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture
Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha Jammu
Rhizosphere management is viewed as a novel approach for sustainable agricultural production by reducing our reliance on agrochemicals
and replacing their functions with beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere such as PGPR which through both antagonistic and synergistic
interactions with the plants enrich the rhizosphere with the nutrients and promote plant growth, enhance resistance to stress and improve soil
structure and organic matter content. Introduction of PGPR as inoculants ensures improved crop production through a diverse range of
mechanisms such as biological nitrogen fixation, increasing the availability of essential elements like phosphorous and potassium and
production of phytohormones and antibiotics in the soil. Rhizosphere management involves different strategies for manipulating root growth,
rhizosphere modification, such as introduction of RMPs and BMPs in intercropping, use of efficient crop genotypes with an aim to exploit the
biological potential for efficient nutrient acquisition by plant roots. Rhizosphere efficiency is also maximized in nutrient mobilization and
acquistion by optimizing the inputs in intensive farming systems for high crop productivity and high NUE. Different biotechnological
approaches are also practiced for better symbiosis and associations between soil biota and plants using techniques like nano biofertilizers
encapsulation by micro encapsulation of the beneficial bacteria on to the plant roots of different crops and development of superior PGPR
strains by improving required traits using genetic manipulations helps in modulation of sustainable agriculture by improving soil fertility,
plant tolerance, crop productivity, and maintaining a balanced nutrient cycling.
Keywords: Rhizosphere, PGPR, RMPs, BMPs, NUE
GNRSA-2020/065
CHICK PEA
ANUBHAV GALAV
Assistant Professor, School of Agricultural Science, CPU, Kota
Chickpea is self-pollinated crop, which will be domesticated during early 5450 BC in the region, which is presently known as turkey and
subsequently spread to India, Europe, Australia and other regions of the world. Chickpea is recognized as low priced protein food particularly
in the developing countries, in order to meet their dietary requirement. Chickpea contains proteins, carbohydrates and fats at 21, 62 and 2.2
per cent respectively and it forms an important part of Indian diet, as a vegetarian population is more in a country (Katerji et al. 2001).
Chickpea contains vitamins viz Thiamin (0.5 mg), Riboflavin (0.2 mg), Niacin (1.5 mg), Pantothenic acid (1.6 mg), vitamin B6 (0.5 mg),
Folate (557 micro gm), vitamin C (4.0 mg) and vitamin E (0.8 mg). It also contains certain minerals like iron (6.2 mg), zinc (3.4 mg), calcium
(105 mg), magnesium (115 mg), potassium (875 mg), sodium (24 mg) and selenium (8.2 mg) and it contains 368 K Cal energy, 21.0 gm
protein, 5.7 gm fat and 61 gm carbohydrate.
Key Word: - Chickpea
GNRSA-2020/066
OBESITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS: AN EMERGING EPIDEMIC IN INDIA
ANUGYA BHARTI* AND ARCHANA KUSHWAHA

Department of Foods and Nutrition
GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand – 263145
Overweight and obesity are rapidly increasing in countries like India. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is one of
the most common, yet among the most neglected, public health problems in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of
obesity in India varies due to age, gender, geographical environment, socio-economic status, etc. and is responsible for adverse consequences
such as diabetes, ischemic heart disease, etc. Unhealthy food habits and sedentary lifestyle are most potent risk factors for obesity. Keeping
in view the above mentioned points, a school based cross – sectional study was conducted in Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand for
determining the prevalence of obesity among adolescents. The results of the study shows that prevalence of overweight and obesity were
14.441% that includes 10.354% of overweight and 4.087% of obesity among adolescents of 12 – 17 years. Our study also shows a higher
prevalence rate of overweight/obesity among adolescents. The steep emergence of overweight/obesity poses great challenge to healthcare
providers and policymakers. Thus, multidisciplinary reforms should be taken at various levels to tackle the menace of obesity.
Keywords: Overweight, Obesity, Adolescents, Prevalence.
GNRSA-2020/067
STUDY OF GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND PHENOTYPIC STABILITY ANALYSIS OVER EXTENDED
DATES OF SOWING FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
ANUJ KUMAR*1, POORAN CHAND2, RAVI SINGH THAPA1 AND TEJBIR SINGH1
1,*-Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Kisan PG College, Simbhaoli, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
2-Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh,
India
The present study was undertaken to identify the stable genotypes for grain yield and yields related components with desirable performance
under different environmental conditions taking forty wheat genotypes and were evaluated over two years (2017-19) with different dates of
sowing. Pooled analysis of variance showed highly significant variations for genotypes, environments and genotypes x environments (GXE).
Stability analysis for grain yield revealed that the genotypes LOK-1, NI-5439 and HUW-468 has high mean value and non-significant
regression coefficient(bi) and non- significant deviation from regression and found more stable across the four environments. Therefore the
above mentioned genotypes were found most stable for grain yield and can be incorporated as breeding stocks in any future breeding
programs aiming to produce high yielding lines of bread wheat.
Key words- Wheat, Genotype X Environment interaction, Stability, Yield performance
GNRSA-2020/068
TURFING AND TURF MANAGEMENT
ANURADHA A. WATANE1, MANISHA S. DESHMUKH2, N.S.GUPTA3, N.G.RATHOD4

Department of Floriculture & Landscape Architecture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MS)
sathe.rajiv09@gmail.com
Humans and grass are inextricably linked to each other. The oldest unequivocal grass fossils are 25 million years old, originating in the
Oligocene epoch. Grasses are one of the first permanent vegetation to reappear after disasters, such as volcanic activity, extended droughts,
floods, fires, explosions, abandoned urban ghettos, and battlefields. In the past, landscaping was universally regarded as an extravagance for
the affluent or as a decorative for mediocre and average structural design. Today, growers offer hundreds of selections for landscape
designers who envision their backyard canvases swept with fulsome grasses. Countries are capitalizing on this industry at a furious pace and
turfgrass research can be circuitously, the next moolah machine for enhancing lifestyle, real estate values and tourism revenues. Lawn serves
decorative function also as it is called as heart of the garden as it enhances the beauty of a landscape. It can also act as mulches. It provides a
soft cushion to playgrounds in many games mostly golf, football, baseball, soccer and athletic fields. Turf grass provides soil stabilization,
means it has a binding effect of an interconnecting system of fibrous roots and aerial shoots to prevent soil erosion from air and water and it
also provides a cooling effect in warm weather. On roadside, it absorbs toxic emissions from vehicles. Along airport runways, it reduces dust
and prolongs the engine life. One of the strongest arguments for installing natural turf is that it is by far the most sustainable and
environmentally- and carbon-friendly option. A garden on the flat roof of a building, especially one found in an urban setting is called a roof
garden. A spacious well planned roof garden can be a place of joy and recreation. In bigger cities of India, many of the large hotels and public
buildings are developing this type of gardens. In India, improvement in turfgrass management and development has been largely in the past
decade. The lack of progress has been primarily due to insufficient support for plug-ins of this type. Varietal improvement in turfgrasses
suitable for Indian conditions is an emerging research thrust area. Concentration of green roofs in an urban area can reduce the city's average
temperatures during the summer, combating the urban heat island effect, reduce stormwater runoff, filtering pollutants and carbon dioxide out
and important in Carbon sequestration.
GNRSA-2020/069
FLUME STUDY ON THE EFFECT OFDENSITY ONTHE INITIATION OF SEDIMENT PARTICLE
ANURADHA KUMARI* AND AKHILESH KUMAR

Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, G.B.P.U.A.&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand-263145, India
Predictions of initial sediment motion are one of the most relevant and realistic problems in sediment transport study. The idea is several
commonly used bedload sediment transport models have based on the theory that sediment transport starts or can be scaled at a constant value
of the critical shear stress. Flume experiments for six different densities of spherical particles were conducted under different channel slopes.
When the initial motion of spherical particles was observed, the shear stresses were assessed from shear velocities. A model is presented to
determine the dimensionless critical shear stress for the incipient motion of spherical particles on nonhorizontal slopes. The results of the
study were explained with mathematical relations and graphical representations for different combinations of input variables.
Keywords: Spherical Particles, Sediment transport, Particle density, Critical Shear Stress
GNRSA-2020/070
EVOLUTION OF THE EFFECT OF ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING (AWD) WATER-CONSERVING IRRIGATION
TECHNIQUE IN RICE CROP
ANURADHA SAHU1* AND AANCHAL CHANDRAKAR2
1
M. Tech. Soil and Water Engineering, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005
2
B. Tech. Agricultural Engineering, Bhartiya College of Agricultural Engineering, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is a technology that can be used by lowland (paddy) rice farmers to minimise their use of water in
irrigated fields. Periodic drying and re-irrigation scheduling is practiced in which the fields are permitted to dry for a few days before re-
irrigation, without stressing the plants. As the rice used to consume maximum amount of water and it is one of the main crop in Chhattisgarh,
so it become a paramount to identify a suitable method for irrigation water application. The objective of the study wasto evaluate the
performance of AWD water-conserving irrigation technique in rice crop. A field experiment was conducted in Mahamara village in Durg
District, during the rice growing season of 2019-20 (December - March). The rice was cultivated by System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a
farming methodology. The young seedlings (15 days old), transplanted individually at a wider spacing (25cm x 25 cm) and intermittently
irrigated with alternate flooded and dry periods originally at 10 days interval. The result of the study shows that the AWD method is more
superior to convention method. AWD save 25-30% of water compared with conventional method and, the grain yield is increased 15-20% in
AWD method. From the study it can be concluded that the AWD method is better in the water conservation point of view and also it give
more yield than conventional method.
Keywords: AWD, SRI, Irrigation, Water conservation
GNRSA-2020/071
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN RESPONSES TO BLACKGRAM (VIGNA MUNGO (L.)
ANURADHA SINGH1AND RAJ BAHADUR2

Department of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut, UP, India
2
Department of Crop Physiology, A. N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, UP, India
Among various grain legumes grown in India, Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.)Wilezek) is an important food legume grown extensively in
humid to arid and semi-arid regions. Blackgram is an important pulse crop by virtue of its short duration and higher production per unit area
and time. A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2012 in the Student Instructional Farm (SIF), Narendra Deva University of
Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229 (U.P.) India, to investigate the effect of foliar spray of plant growth regulators on
growth attributes and yield of black gram. The treatments consisting of T1-control (water spray),T2- salicylic acid 100 ppm, T3- salicylic acid
125 ppm, T4- salicylic acid 150 ppm, T5-GA3 concentration 50 ppm, T6-GA3 concentration 100 ppm and T7-GA3 concentration 150 ppm
with blackgram cv. NDU-1. Among these treatments, foliar spray of T 7 treatment gave the highest plant height at all the growth stages, and
T5 treatment showed highest CGR and RGR. T4 treatment showed highest total dry biomass, at 40, 55 DAS and maturity. Highest
Chlorophyll content (mg g-1 fresh weight) and NR activity (µg nitrate produced g-1 fresh weight) were in the treatment T4 followed by T3 and
T2 at 40 and 55 DAS respectively. Highest seed yield 7.53 g per plant and harvest index 30.40 (HI) were in the treatment T 4 followed by T3
and T2 respectively.
Key Words: Blackgram, Vigna mungo (L.) Wilezek, salicylic acid, GA3, and Growth regulaors.
GNRSA-2020/072
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SEED GERMINATION IN PALMS
ANURADHA WATANE1, N.S.GUPTA 2, N.G.RATHOD 3, MANISHA DESHMUKH4

Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Akola (M.S.)
Palms are unique among woody ornamental plants because, with relatively few exceptions, palm species can only be propagated from seed.
Palms are also notorious in the nursery trade for slow and uneven seed germination. Palms belong to the family Arecaceae, which includes
about 2400–2600 species of evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas, most of which occur in the tropics and subtropics. Palm seeds vary
tremendously with respect to size. Many palms have seeds no larger than 1/4 inch in diameter, while the largest seed of any flowering plant in
the world is that of a palm. All palms have hypogeal germination since the seed is not raised above soil. Seed dormancy is a common
occurrence in palms from various origins. Seed dormancy is due to seeds contain immature embryos or small embryos and covering layers or
integuments restrict water inhibition, gas presence penetrability, leaching of inhibition of growth regulators etc. Due to nature of seed coat
which impermeable to water, generally seeds do not imbibe sufficient moisture for germination. Hard seed coats are reason for causing
impermeable to water. Such type of seed coats develops during the last stage of seed development. In case of mechanically dormant seeds
integuments are very hard and do not allow embryo to grow or expand. So, seeds are scarified with hot water, acid.
Keywords: Palm, Plant growth regulators, Germination
GNRSA-2020/073
CHARACTERIZATION OF METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT AND WET CONDITIONS BY USING MULTI-SCALAR
STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX (KUMAON REGION), UTTARAKHAND, INDIA
ANURAG MALIK1, 2, AND ANIL KUMAR1

1
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,
Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.
2
Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
Identification, characterization, and monitoring of droughts are essential for sustainable planning and management of water resources on
global and regional scales. In this study, meteorological drought and wet, and their probabilities were analyzed at Almora, Bageshwar,
Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Pantnagar stations located in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand State, India, using Standardized
Precipitation Index (SPI). The SPI was computed on a multi-time scale (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24) including SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-6, SPI-9, SPI-12,
and SPI-24 using available rainfall data at study stations. The results of the analysis exposed that there are 68%, 71%, 69%, 68%, 76%, and
71% chances (probability) of the normal condition at Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Pantnagar stations,
respectively. The chances of occurrence of moderate drought and wet conditions were relatively more at all the study stations. The probability
of occurrence of extreme drought at Almora as 0.33 (SPI-24) and Pithoragarh as 0.30 (SPI-12) stations, while the probability of occurrence of
extreme wet at Bageshwar as 0.32 (SPI-24), Pithoragarh as 0.33, 0.42, 0.42 (SPI-9, SPI-12, SPI-24) and Pantnagar as 0.32 (SPI-24) stations,
respectively. Also, the probability of occurrence of severe drought at Pantnagar was found to be 0.50 (SPI-24) station. Therefore, efforts must
be made to harvest the excess water during the wet periods and utilize the same during the periods of drought for drinking, household
activities, irrigation, etc. in the study region.
Keywords: Meteorological drought; Standardized precipitation index; Probability, Kumaon region; Uttarakhand
GNRSA-2020/074
ORGANIC POTATO FARMING: PRESENT AND FUTURE POTENTIAL IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH
ANURAG1, RANJANA*2 AND SINGH, R.3

2
Department of Agriculture, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh.
email: ranjana.tewari@mangalayatan.edu.in
1.3
Department of Agriculture and Management, Sanskriti University, Mathura.
Organic agriculture is a method of a farming system that primarily aims at increased sustainable production, good soil health by use of
organic wastes and bio-fertilizers. Western Uttar Pradesh a major potato producing area has 30 districts covering three agro-climatic zones,
viz., Western Plain Region, Central Western Region and South Western Region. Potato being main cash crops is a fertilizer intensive crop,
the modern system of farming have become unsustainable, declining crop productivities, damage to the environment, chemical
contaminations etc., can lead to health-hazardous (cancer) situation like of Punjab. Thus the need for Organic potato production is gaining
momentum due to health benefits and better economic returns. In this paper, the present and future potential of Organic Potato Farming in
Western Uttar Pradesh is summarized. The success of organic potato farming depends on the awareness of the health problems associated
with contaminated food products consumption. For organic potato producers, the main challenges are disease, nutrient management, drop in
productivity and income. Since organic potato farming is labor-intensive can provide ample opportunities for local employment, would open
the door for improving the soil health and overall environment, providing sustainable livelihoods and updating age-old systems with modern
research and techniques. Integrating together, the goals of promoting organic practices, caring soil viability and food security are the future
benefits for western Uttar Pradesh organic Potato farmers. Thus, the organic producers have the opportunity to tap the domestic and global
markets which are growing steadily. The strategic organic management techniques will add on to income generation for organic potato
growers.
Keywords: Organic potato farming, Western Uttar Pradesh, soil health, income
GNRSA-2020/075
RADIO LISTENING BEHAVIOUR OF FARMERS REGARDING AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY IN DEWAS DISTRICT OF
MADHYA PRADESH
ANWAR KHAN , ABHILASHA SHARMA,DR. R. S. GURJAR &K.N.PATHAK

1,2,4
Department of Agril. Extension & Communication
RAK College of Agriculture Sehore,M.P. and
3
ZARS Morena RVSKVV Gwalior M.P.
Radio is a powerful mass media having reach up to the unreached mainly because of low cost and its ability to be present and used
everywhere, which suits to the purse of poor and marginal farmers of developing country like India. Researchers proved that it is one of the
most effective media in promoting agriculture and development in rural areas, particularly as a tool for the delivery of quick information.
Radio is considered as an effective tool to disseminate agricultural information among the farmers and it is the most powerful mass media for
broadcasting Information quickly. It is a powerful communication medium, particularly in India where, in the absence of regular and stable
electric supply in rural areas. People have to depend on radio to meet their needs of information. Radio can reach large audience at the same
time. In terms of cost, it is an extremely economical medium as compared to other extension media and methods involving individual and
group contacts. In view of above facts the present study was carried out to found the farmers’ listening behaviour of radio programme in the
Department of Agriculture Extension Education,RAK Agriculture college Sehore M.P.in the year 2016.For this purpose Dewas district was
selected purposively. From this selected block 10 villages were selected on the purposive basis having higher number of farmers listening
radio program for getting new information in respect of agricultural enterprises,from each selected village 15 listeners of radio were selected
by using simple random. Statistical tools like mean, median, and standard deviation, were used for analyzing and interpreting the data. Major
findings of the study were that the majority (37.33%) of the listeners expressed medium level of listening behaviour of Radio followed by
high level of listening behaviour (34.00%) respondents expressed and low level of listening behaviour expressed by (28.67%) about selected
agricultural practices respectively.
GNRSA-2020/076
CONTRIBUTION OF ZINC SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA IN GROWTH PROMOTION AND YIELD OF MAIZE
ARADHANA SUKHWAL
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur- 313001, India.
Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient and its adequate supply is considered indispensable for growth, development andnormal functioning
of plants. Recent reports reveal that more than 50% of Indian soils are Zn deficient. ZnSO 4, containing33% Zn, is commonly used, but only
4-8% of the total applied Zn is available to plants while remaining gets fixed into soil. Zinc solubilizing bacteria are potential alternatives for
zinc supplementation and convert applied inorganic zinc to available forms. This study was conducted to screen zinc solubilizing
rhizobacteria isolated from different crop rhizosphere, and to analyze their effect on maize growth and development.Seventy one zinc
solubilising isolateswere isolated fromrhizospheric soil collected from different regions of Rajasthan, India. Outof 71 isolates, 18 strains
wereableto solubilise zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), 21 strains wereableto solubilise zincphosphateZn 3(PO4)2, 7 strains wereableto solubilise
zinccarbonate(ZnCO3)and 25 strains wereableto solubilise zincoxide(ZnO).On the basis of best Zinc solubilization index 37 strains were
selected for further study. Out of 37 strains, 26 strains were positive for P and 25 strains for K solubilisation.
Key word:- Zinc, Maize, rhizobacteria
GNRSA-2020/077
IMPACT OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION (NFSM) ON CAPITAL GENERATING ACTIVITIES OF
BENEFICIARIES IN DISTRICT SEHORE OF MADHYA PRADESH
ARJUN MEENA,ABHILASHASHARMA,DR. R.S. GURJAR & K.N.PATHAK

1,2,4
Department of Agril. Extension & Communication
RAK College of Agriculture Sehore,M.P. and
3
ZARS Morena RVSKVV Gwalior M.P.
Agriculture continues to be the backbone of Indian economy and hence, various approaches have been taken recourse for strengthening it in
time to time under the frame work of development programmes and plans. The approach for rural development including agriculture
development has been taken up since long as increasing income of individual rural people particularly farmers through various programmes
and schemes generating assets and employment which ultimately increasing the socio economic status of farmers.It is observed that most of
the farmers in rural areas are living with poor resources and their role and participation have been more pronounced in the lower socio-
economic strata of the rural society. It is true that various steps have been taken by the Government to bearing more and more farmers into
the main streamthe NFSM is one of the important projects for rural people. The National Food Security Mission launched during October,
2007 has begun well in its initial phase of implementation. The experiences of administering this scheme during the first agriculture year of
its implementation have been very satisfying in terms of ensuring quality of delivery of agricultural services to the farmers and good outcome
achieved in the process. The focused approach of the mission with direct funding arrangement to the State and District level autonomous
agencies and provisioning of dedicated project management teams for catalyzing result oriented implementation has been benefiting millions
of farmers across the country in the targeted States and the Districts.Based on the above facts, present study was carried out to found the
impact of NFSM on capital generating activities of the beneficiaries after the initiation of the project in the Department of Agriculture
Extension Education,RAK Agriculture college Sehore M.P.in the year 2017.For this purpose Nasrullaganj Block in Sehore District was
selected purposely due to good resource endued area but where generally farmers are living with low capital generating activities, hence,
selected for study. A list of villages were prepared where the NFSM project are initiated for develop the socio economic status of farmers.
Among this list, 6 villages and 120 beneficiaries were selected randomly for present study. Statistical tools like mean, median, and standard
deviation, were used for analyzing and interpreting the data. The impact of capital generating activities on rural socio economic status of
beneficiaries was analyzed by considering the criteria of capital creation which encompassed five components viz., human capital, physical
capital, social capital, financial capital and food security. Major findings of the study were that financial capital assets in respect of
livelihood determination had highly contributed in overall capital asset creation (mean score 2.26, rank I). The physical capital assets in
respect of livelihood determination had next highest contributed in overall capital asset creation (mean score 2.21, rank II). Again, human and
social capital assets in respect of livelihood determination had few level contributed in overall capital asset creation (mean score 2.20, rank
III). On the other hand, food security capital assets in respect of livelihood determination had least contributed in overall capital asset creation
(mean score 2.14, rank IV). The result also showed that out of the total beneficiaries, the higher proportion of the beneficiaries (54 number),
45.00 per cent have high level of capital assets in determination of livelihood followed by medium level of capital assets in determination of
livelihood (37 number), 30.83 per cent and low level of capital assets in determination of livelihood (29 number), 24.17 per cent.It can be
concluded that there has been found sizable change in food security capital possession pattern after National food security mission
intervention. It showed that the number of beneficiaries in the category of high food security capital possession has been increase by 17.50
per cent. On the other hand, the beneficiaries with medium and low level of food security capital possession had been decreased by 12.50 per
cent and 5.00 per cent and they are upgraded into high category of food security capital possession respectively.
GNRSA-2020/078
NATIONAL AGROFORESTRY POLICY AND AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
ARPANA SHARMA*, RAKESH BAJPAI AND PRIYA JAISWAL

Department of Forestry, JNKVV, Jabalpur
Agroforestry is a wide terminology which plays a vital role in today’s scenario either in terms of forest tree plantation or arable crop
plantation. This term and techniques is widely used with the modern techniques of farming system. Agroforestry is a practical and low budget
means of implementing many forms of integrated land management and it contributes to a green economy by promoting long-term
sustainable and renewable forest management especially for small-scale producers. In other words agroforestry is a collective name of land
use system where woody perennials are deliberately grown on the same land unit as arable crops or animals. In agroforestry systems there are
both ecological and economical interactions between the different components. National Agroforestry Policy came on February 2014 which
emphasized on increasing the forest cover along with the agriculture for its sustainable uses. It is one of the best initiative taken by the
government official to promote the balance between every single component of atmosphere either it is abiotic or biotic in nature.
Agroforestry systems include various types of planting systems patterns to get the maximum benefits from the same piece of lands such as
Agri-silviculture, Agri-horticulture,Silvipastoral systems etc. This system also reduces the chances up to negligible as there were in mono-
cropping systems. This is also accepted in world wide range also and various agroforestry systems were introduced for its growth and
maintenance. Various small programs were organized among the village people to accept the changes and aware those regarding benefit such
as social forestry. Climate changes now a day is a serious problem for the farmers to cultivate the crop. We have to give more stress on the
awareness programs to aware every single human being about the techniques they should follow for planting trees along with the agricultural
crop, selection of best species among plant which must grow under low maintenance. This pandemic is test of the survival given by every
single human being on this earth. Various great initiatives were taken by the government to provide the basic needs for the common people to
sustain their life.
Keywords: -Agroforestry systems, Sustainable use, National Agroforestry Policy, climate change
GNRSA-2020/079
MORE CROP PER DROP: WAYS TO INCREASE WATER USE EFFICIENCY FOR CROP PRODUCTION
ARPIT CHOUBEY, DEEPAK KATKANI AND VINOD KUMAR

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics
JNKVV, Jabalpur
Stress on agriculture, increasing demand for food with decreasing fresh water availability, crop must produce more with less water. The main
challenge confronting both rainfed and irrigated agriculture is to improve productivity or use efficiency of water and sustainable water use for
agriculture. This can be achieved through better crop water management practices. Drip irrigation increased water use efficiency three times
as compared with furrow irrigation (conventional method of irrigation). As of now irrigation sector consumes about 83% of the total water
use which may reduce to about 72% by 2025. Effect of drip irrigation method on yield of cotton recorded significantly highest seed cotton
yield i.e 2230 kg/ha. Effect of raised bed planting techniques obtained significantly higher grain yield in 2005-06 & 2006-07 i.e 2.15 & 2.33
t/ha respectively in Chickpea. Effect of (Micro Sprinkler + Check Basin) irrigation methods on Seed Yield of Indian mustard resulted
significantly higher yield (1.88 t/ha). Drip System (1.79 t/ha), micro sprinkler(1.87 t/ha) , drip +check basin(1.68 t/ha) is statistically at par
with Micro Sprinkler + Check Basin. Among all irrigation methods Micro sprinkler has given significantly higher WUE (31.3 kg/ha-mm)
and WUE of drip system (29.8 kg/ha-mm) is statistically at par. Effect of drip + mulch on tuber yield (26 t/ha) & WUE (154.6 kg/ha-cm) of
potato resulted significantly higher value.
Keywords: Irrigation method, WUE, crop yield, productivity
GNRSA-2020/080
FARM ACT: GOOD OR BAD?
ARTI1, JAGRUTI DAS1 AND ANIKETA HORO2

1
Ph.D Scholar, Division of Economics, Statistics and Management, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana-132001
2
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004
The three farm acts were passed by the president, but there is a huge cry and protest against these acts. Farmers can sell farm produce
anywhere in the country i.e. the freedom of choice is the first act in short. The second act deals with price fixation through contract farming.
The third act deregulate the production, storage, movement and sale of several food items such as cereals, pulses, edible oils and onions
except in extraordinary circumstances such as war and draught etc. Majority of farmers belong to small and marginal farmers in India and
have low bargaining capacity. Moreover minimum price have not decided which should be charged for different commodities under contract
farming. The large player will exploit farmers by fixing lower prices for their commodities. The exclusion of major food stuff from essential
commodities will lead to higher chances of hoarding thereby increase the rural poverty. In short run these acts will benefit the farmers but in
long run the middlemen and private players will exploit the farmers.
Keywords: Farm act, farmers, exploit, contract farming
GNRSA-2020/081
INCREASING RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS DIVERSITY BALANCES PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND SOIL
HEALTH
ARVIND AHIRWAL AND VB UPADHYAY

Ph.D. Scholar, Dept. of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur
Balancing productivity, profitability, and soil health is a key challenge for agricultural sustainability. Most crop production systems in India
are characterized by low species and management diversity, high use of fossil energy and agrochemicals, and large negative impacts on the
soil as well as environment. We hypothesized that Rice-based cropping systems diversification would promote ecosystem that would
supplement, and eventually displace, synthetic external inputs used to maintain crop productivity. To test this, we conducted a field study
from 2019-2020 at JNKVV, Jabalpur that included four contrasting systems varying in length of crop sequence and inputs. We compared a
conventionally managed one year crop diversification that received fertilizers and herbicides at rates which required comparable managed
with lower synthetic N fertilizer and herbicide inputs and periodic applications of cattle manure. Grain yields, mass of harvested products,
and profit in the more diverse systems were similar to, or greater than, those in the conventional system, despite reductions of agrochemical
inputs. Weeds were suppressed effectively in all systems, but freshwater toxicity of the more diverse systems was two orders of magnitude
lower than in the conventional system. Results of our study indicate that more diverse cropping systems can use small amounts of synthetic
agrochemical inputs as powerful tools with which to tune, rather than drive, agroecosystem performance, while meeting or exceeding the
performance of less diverse systems.
Keywords: Cropping Systems, Diversification, Balances Productivity, Profitability and Soil Health
GNRSA-2020/082
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT AND PATH ANALYSIS OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L.)
ARVIND KUMAR1*, SHAILENDRA SINGH. GAURAV1, TANU SHIRI1, SAHADEV SINGH1 AND MAHENDRA KUMAR2
*1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSU campus Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
2
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSSS (PG) College Machhara, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], 2n=130 has occupied a prominent position among vegetables. It is one of the choicest fruit
vegetable grown extensively in the subtropical to tropical warm area of the world. A logical way to start any crop improvement programme is
to assess the variation existing in the available materials. The present study characterized under the first flowering node, 50% day to
flowering, first fruiting node, fruit length (cm), fruit weight (gm), no of seed/fruit, seed yield/Plant (gm), harvest duration, inter nodal length
(cm), fruit width (cm), no of fruit/plant, no of branches/plant, plant height (cm); the association in seven genotypes (VRO 3, VRO4, VRO5,
VRO6, PusaA-4, Arka Anamika, Pusa Sawni) with their F1 and F2 progeny were evaluated at the research farm of Department of Genetics
and Plant Breeding, CCS University Meerut UP. This study conducted in Randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and these
genotypes were studied for evaluation of correlation and path co-efficient analysis. Among the evaluated traits fruit yield per plant exhibited a
highly significant positive correlation Genotypes and Phenotypes with the number of fruits per plant (G = -0.240, P = -0.218), fruit harvest
(G = 0.489, P = 0.432), fruit weight (G = -0.299, P= -253) and path coefficient analysis revealed that the number of fruit per plant (G = 0.246,
P = 0.181), fruit weight (G = 0.861, P = 0.186), first flowering node (G = 1.055, P = 0.010), inter-nodal length (G = 0.178), and positive
direct effect on fruit length (G = -0.433, P = -0.009), Path analysis splits the correlation coefficient into measures of direct and indirect
effects, thus providing understanding of the direct and indirect contribution of each character towards fruit yield per plant was recorded.
Keywords: Correlation coefficient, Path analysis and Okra.
GNRSA-2020/083
ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR OF WOMEN DAIRY FARMERS IN RAMANAGARA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA
ASHA K.1 , DR. K. NARAYANAGOWDA2 DR. B. KRISHNAMURTHY3, DR. ANANDA MANEGAR G.4, DR. K. H. NAGARAJ5,
DR. K. G. VIJAYALAKSHMI6
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Dept. of Agril. Extension, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru-65.
Women Entrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. Dairying
has become an important secondary source of income for millions of rural families and has assumed the most important role in providing
employment and income generating opportunities particularly for marginal and women farmers. Entrepreneurial behaviour is operationalised
as the combination of different attributes like innovativeness, achievement motivation, economic motivation, technical competency, decision
making ability, risk bearing ability, information seeking behaviour, leadership ability, management orientation and self confidence of an
individual dairy entrepreneur to operate her dairy enterprise successfully. The study was conducted in Ramanagara district of Karnataka.
Magadi taluk and Ramanagara taluk were purposively selected based on the highest and lowest number of WDCS (Women Dairy Co-
operative Societies) functioning respectively. Women dairy co-operative societies were exclusively selected. Six women dairy co-operative
societies were randomly selected from each taluk. 15 women members including president, vice president and secretary of WDCS were
selected from each WDCS, constituting a sample size of 180 for the study. Majority of the women dairy farmers belonged to middle age, had
medium level of education, were married, had small family, belonged to joint family and had medium level of experience in dairy farming
with respect to personnel characteristics. Majority of the women dairy farmers had found to have medium level of overall entrepreneurial
behaviour. With respect to dimensions of entrepreneurial behaviour majority of women dairy farmers had medium level of innovativeness,
achievement motivation, economic motivation, technical competency, decision making ability, risk bearing ability, information seeking
behaviour, leadership ability, management orientation and low level of self confidence.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Behaviour, Women Dairy Farmers, Personnel characteristics
GNRSA-2020/084
PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN DAIRY FARMERS IN RAMANAGARA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA
ASHA K.1 , DR. K. NARAYANAGOWDA2, DR. ANANDA MANEGAR G.3, DR. B. KRISHNAMURTHY4, DR. K. H. NAGARAJ5,
DR. K. G. VIJAYALAKSHMI6
1. Ph.D. Research Scholar, Dept. of Agril. Extension, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru-65
Dairying has become an important secondary source of income for millions of rural families and has assumed the most important role in
providing employment and income generating opportunities particularly for marginal and women farmers. Performance is the achievements
made by women members with respect to improvement in dairy enterprise. The study was conducted in Ramanagara district of Karnataka.
Magadi taluk and Ramanagara taluk were purposively selected based on the highest and lowest number of WDCS (Women Dairy Co-
operative Societies) functioning respectively. Women dairy co-operative societies were exclusively selected. Six women dairy co-operative
societies were randomly selected from each taluk. 15 women members including president, vice president and secretary were selected from
each WDCS, constituting a sample size of 180 women dairy farmers for the study. The objective of the study was to study the performance of
women dairy farmers and their socio economic characteristics. The hypothesis set for the study was: there is no variation in the level of
performance of women dairy farmers. A great majority (70.56%) of the women dairy farmers practiced dairy along with agriculture as a
major occupation, had marginal (58.89%) land holding, had medium (48.88%) annual income and low (61.11%) milch animal possession
with respect to socio economic characteristics. Majority of the women dairy farmers had medium (58.89%) level of overall performance.
Majority of women dairy farmers had low level of capacity building (47.22%), low level of self monitoring (62.22%) followed by medium
level of economic activities (48.89%), medium level of social status (63.89%) and medium level of communicability (74.44%) with respect to
dimensions of performance.
Keywords: Performance, Women Dairy Farmers, Socio economic characteristics
GNRSA-2020/085
ECONOMICS OF SHEEP FARMING IN PULWAMA DISTRICT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR
ASHAQ MANZOOR, H. M. KHAN, TOWSEEF AKRAM, TAHIR NAZIR

Division of Livestock Production Management; Faculty of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of
Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190 006, Jammu &Kashmir (India).
Livestock sector alone contributes nearly 28 and 11 percent to agricultural GDP and total GDP, respectively, at current prices during 2015-
2016 in Jammu and Kashmir (Economic survey, 2015- 2016). Sheep population of the state (3.24 million) represents approximately 4.38
percent of the sheep population of India (74.26 million) and approximately 39 percent of the total livestock population (8.31 million) of the
state, standing at rank 6th in country (20th livestock census, 2019). The Jammu and Kashmir in general and districts Pulwama in particular is
ideally suited for sheep and goat rearing owing to its agro-climatic conditions and plenty of grasslands, lush pastures and orchards available.
Sheep and goat rearing as secondary occupation has played an important role in boosting the economy of these rural people. Pulwama has
sheep population of 1.58 lac comprising of 1.56 crossbred and 0.02 lac local sheep. Sheep rearers meet most of the requirements for the
enterprise from the available resources except winter feeding. In this regard research was conducted to evaluate the economics of sheep
farming in Pulwama district (south Kashmir) of Jammu and Kashmir. All the 4 tehsils (Pulwama, Pampore, Awantipora and Tral), were
surveyed during the proposed work wherein 10% of the villages from each tehsil and 10 respondents from each village were considered for
the survey. Proportionate random sampling was followed for selection of villages. Total of 34 villages and 340 respondents were selected.
Results revealed that contributing factors to the gross expenditure were feeding costs (concentrate + dry fodder costs), annual depreciation on
adult breedable stock, labour component, miscellaneous charges and depreciation on building with expenses of 70-74%, 12-15%, 9-11%, 1-
2%, and 1%, respectively, while the contributing factors towards the gross income comprises of sale of lamb, retention of the additional
lambs, sale of culled stock, wool and dung the with contribution of 64%, 13-20%, 13-16%, 2-4%, and 2-3%, respectively. Net income/year
and net income/ animal/ year in district Pulwama was highest in Pampore (30 ewes + 1 ram) amounting to Rs. 82002.7 and Rs. 2645.24
followed by Awantipora (32 ewes + 1 ram) amounting to Rs. 77704.99 and Rs. 2354.69, Pulwama (28 ewes + 1 ram) amounting to Rs.
74190.72 and Rs. 2558.30 and Tral tehsil (29 ewes + 1 ram) amounting to Rs. 59596.75 and Rs. 1986.55, respectively. Net income/month
was highest in Pampore tehsil (30 ewes + 1 ram) amounting to Rs. 6833.55 followed by Awantipora (32 ewes + 1 ram) amounting to Rs.
6475.41 and Pulwama (28 ewes + 1 ram) amounting to Rs. 6182.56 and Tral tehsil (29 ewes + 1 ram) amounting to Rs. 4966.39, respectively.
Benefit: cost ratio in district Pulwama was highest in Pampore tehsil with value of 1.75, followed by Pulwama with value of 1.74,
Awantipora with value of 1.65 and Tral tehsil with value of 1.56
Keywords: Income, benefit cost ratio, Pulwama.
GNRSA-2020/086
AGRICULTURE WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGH ITS EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION FOR PRODUCING INDUSTRIALLY
IMPORTANT PRODUCTS
ASHIMA KATHURIA1 AND ABHA VERMA2

1
Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut (U.P.)
2
Department of Microbiology, College of Applied Education and Health Sciences, Meerut (U.P.)
India is known as the land of agriculture and represents one of the richest biodiversity zones worldwide with all kinds of agriculture and
agricultural practices. In recent years, the quantity of agricultural waste has been rising rapidly not only in India but all over the world. As a
consequence, the environmental problems posed by agricultural waste and their solution are seeking more attention. This highly demands a
need to adopt proper approaches to reduce and reuse agricultural waste. Among the various strategies of waste management, biological
methods are the preferred approach as they are effective, economic and environmental friendly. The use of biomass-degrading
microorganisms is the most promising strategy for this purpose. Most agricultural wastes are lignocellulosic in nature and the major
constituent of it are complex carbohydrates, which proved to be the readily available substrates for microbial growth. Thus, the biomass can
be used for the production of variety of microbes which can be employed for various applications in food, feed, dairy and pharmaceutical
industry. The agro-waste can also be utilized as a substrate for the fermentative production of various value-added products, such as
industrially important metabolites. This renewable natural waste can therefore prove to be a highly valuable resource by its effective
utilization under planned waste management strategy. The present report reveals the different types of agricultural wastes and their chemical
composition along with different strategies employed to utilize them for making various value added products thereby reducing the problem
of excessive accumulation and their role as environmental hazards.
GNRSA-2020/087
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBAL FARMERS WITH THEIR PERCEPTION ABOUT
FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMME
*ASHISH H. LADE, AJIT P. KHARGE AND APURVA G. MORE

Department of Extension Education, VNMKV, Parbhani (M.S.)
According to Census-2011, the number of scheduled tribes in India is 10,42,81,034. It is 8.6% of the total population of India. In Maharashtra
total Scheduled Tribe population is 10,510,213. Chikhaldara and Dharni are inhibited by people belonging tribes of Gond, Korku, Balai,
Nihal, Gawalan and others, this region is a part of the Amravati district of Maharashtra state. The present study was conducted in Amravati
district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. The study “Relationship between selected characteristics of tribal farmers with their
perception about front line demonstration programme" was conducted in Chikhaldara and Dharni talukas of Amravati District, 80
respondents (tribal farmers) were purposively selected for study. The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of
structured interview schedule. The data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The significant variables include achievement motivation
and economic motivation found the positive and significant level of probability 0.01 with perception level. The variable viz. training received
social participation and extension contact found positive and significant at 0.05 level of probability with perception level. The variable age,
education, farming experience, land holding and annual income found non-significant relationship with perception level.
Key words: Perception, Tribal farmers, KVK, Front line demonstration, Chikhaldara, Dharni.
GNRSA-2020/088
SUGGESTIONS FROM THE TRIBAL FARMERS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION.
ASHISH H. LADE, NEHA S. POTE AND KALYANI S. KHADTARE

Department of Extension Education, VNMKV, Parbhani (M.S.)
The present study was conducted in Amravati district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. The study “Suggestions from the tribal
farmers for improvement of Front line demonstration programme implementation” was conducted in Chikhaldara and Dharni talukas of
Amravati District. 80 respondents (tribal farmers) were purposively selected for study. The data were collected by personal interview method
with the help of structured interview schedule. The data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. Distribution of the respondents according to
the suggestions by the tribal farmers to improvement of Front line demonstration programme implementation i.e Front line demonstrations
should be arranged in fixed date and time, Programme should be arranged in consistent at the village level, Brief explanation of new
techniques and practical knowledge should be given in local condition by demonstrator, Use of projected and non projected Audio-visual aids
for better and quick understanding in demonstration and Farmers want to kept personal contact with demonstrator
Keywords: Tribal farmers, KVK, Front line demonstration.
GNRSA-2020/089
PERSONAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC, COMMUNICATIONAL AND SITUATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBAL
FARMERS
ASHISH H. LADE, AJIT P. KHARGE AND APURVA G. MORE

Department of Extension Education, VNMKV, Parbhani - 431402 (M.S.)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) introduced the concept of Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) under the first Line Transfer of
technology programme during 1991-92. The number of FLDs carried out by KVK, Ghatkhed on the pulses and oilseed crop specially Bengal
gram and soybean. Location specific production technology of crop production pertaining to use of improve variety seed, sowing method,
fertilizers application, insect, pest and disease management, varietal replacement and cropping system were demonstrated. The present study
was conducted in Amravati district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. The study “Personal, socio-economic, communicational and
situational characteristics of tribal farmers" was conducted in Chikhaldara and Dharni talukas of Amravati District, 80 respondents (tribal
farmers) were purposively selected for study. The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of structured interview
schedule. The data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of tribal farmers were having
middle age group of 35 to 55 years, education high school level, medium level farming experience, marginal size of land holding (0.01 to
1.00 ha), low level training received and medium level annual income 50001 Rs. to 1,00,000 Rs. However, the observation also found that
most of the respondents were possessed medium level social participation, medium level extension contact, medium level achievement
motivation and medium level economic motivation.
Key words: Perception, Tribal farmers, KVK, Front line demonstration, Chikhaldara, Dharni.
GNRSA-2020/090
HETEROSIS AND GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN BLACKGRAM (VIGNA MUNGO L. HEPPER)
ASHISH SHEERA1, NASHRA AFTAB2, SANDEEP ROUT3, RAKESH KUMAR1, PARMINDER KAUR4
1
Division of Division of Plant Breeding &Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Jammu, Chatha, J & K, INDIA
2
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh,
3
Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, CUTM, Parlakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha, INDIA
4
Department of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, INDIA
Twenty-one hybrids obtained by crossing in line x tester mode with seven line and three testers. The f1 hybrids along parental line were
raised during Kharif season 2017 at the field of experimentation Center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom
University of Agriculture Technology and science, Prayagraj (UP).The analysis of variance of all the characters revealed the parent were
found to be highly significant for the characters expect number of cluster per plant, no of seed Per pods and pod Per length. Magnitude of
heterosis, heterobiltosis and standard heterosis was observed for almost all the characters. The cross-combination PU-31 X LBG-648, PU-31
X MU-06 and PU-31 X KPU-13-192 registered highest significant heterosis, heterobiltosis and standard heterosis for speed yield per plant so
they should be give prime improvement for future breeding program.
Keywords: Blackgram, heterosis, Line x tester, seed yield attributes.
GNRSA-2020/091
EFFECT OF NAA AND ZINC SULPHATE APPLICATION ON FRUIT DROP, YIELD AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF
MULBERRY (MORUS ALBA L.)
ASHOK DHAKAD, SATPAL BALODA, S.K. SEHRAWAT, J. R. SHARMA AND ARVIND MALIK
Department of Horticulture, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryana
The investigation entitled “Effect of NAA and zinc sulphate application on fruit drop, yield and quality attributes of mulberry (Morus alba
L.)” was conducted during 2018-19. The foliar application of different concentrations of zinc sulphate(0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) and NAA(20, 40
and 60 ppm). Significantly improved in fruit set and fruit retention (per cent). The maximum was recorded from the trees treated with zinc
sulphate @ 0.4 per cent and NAA @ 60 ppm. Significantlyincrease in yield parameters and total yield per tree was observed in the fruits
harvested from the trees treated with zinc sulphate (0.4% and 0.6%) and NAA @ 60 ppm. Significantly improved in quality parameters was
observed in the fruits harvested from the trees treated with zinc sulphate @ 0.4 per cent and NAA @ 40 ppm, while acidity was minimum
with zinc sulphate @ 0.4 per cent and NAA @ 40 ppm.
GNRSA-2020/092
GENETIC BASIS OF HETEROSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS TRAITS IN WHEAT [TRITICUM AESTIVUM (L.) EM.
THELL] UNDER NORMAL AND LATE SOWN CONDITIONS
ASHOK KUMAR MALAV1, DR. MUKESH VYAS1, DR. JAGDISH CHOUDHARY2 AND DEVA RAM MEGHAWAL1,
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
2
Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
The experimental material comprised 8 varieties, their 28 F 1’s and two check varieties Raj 4037 and Raj 4079. All genotypes were evaluated
in randomized block design with three replications in three different environments i.e. normal sown (E1), late sown (E2) and very late sown
(E3). Significant differences among parents and hybrids for the concern characters suggested presence of considerable amount of genetic
variation in the materials. The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences between genotypes, parents and hybrids were also
significant for all the characters, indicating that between genotypes, between parents and between hybrids difference was significant and
average heterosis was there. Among the crosses PBW 343 x Raj 4238, Raj 3765 x Raj 4238, GW 173 x Raj 4238, HI 1544 x GW 366 and
PBW 343 x GW 366 was showed significant economic heterosis in all the environments and pool, indicating their utility for different
environments. Among these, most of the crosses also exhibited significant economic heterosis for one or more components and heat tolerant
characters.
Keywords: wheat, late sown, economic heterosis
GNRSA-2020/093
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF BROWN TOP MILLET [BRACHIARIA RAMOSE
] IN RED SANDY SOIL
ASHOKA P * AND PRIYA P

Senior Scientist (Agronomy) and Head, ICAR-KVK ,Haveri Karnataka– 581115
Scientist (Soil Science)2, ICAR- KVK, Haveri District, Karnataka– 581115
Challenges in 21st century like climate changes, water scarcity, increasing world population, rising food prices, and other socioeconomic
impacts are main threat to agriculture and food security worldwide, especially for the poor. Hence there is need of alternative nutritive food
source. Millets refers to small seeded grasses that are cultivated as grain crops grown on dry regions of temperate, tropical and subtropical
situations. Small millets grown in Asia and Africa. Browntop millet is hardy and heat tolerant crop, and tolerant to drought but can also grow
low areas of flooded. The crop grows well even shaded condition also and can grow under tamarind trees. The crop survives under arid
conditions and has the potential to spread widely because of its rich nutritional value as well as its ability to adapt to climate change.The
study was conducted during lait Rabi 2019-20 at ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Haveri to Nutrient Management on growth and yield of
Brown top millet. The experiment was laid out in RCBD comprising of eight treatments replicated thrice. Studies revealed that the growth
parameters, yield attributes and grain yield of Brown top millet differed significantly due to foliar application of NPK along with RDF and
soil application of micronutrients along with RDF. The results indicated that the application of RDF + FYM 6t/ha + foliar nutrition of
19:19:19 @ 2% at 30 and 45 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height (69.75cm), number of tillers per plant and number of grains per
plant (436) at harvest over the other nutrient levels. And also on par with Foliar nutrition of 19:19:19 @ 2 % at 30 and 45 DAS + FYM 6 t/ha
) In grain yield (7.65 q /ha) and straw yield (14.52 q/ha) recorded significant higher with application of T5 and also on par with RDF of crop
+ FYM 6 t/ha) over the other treatments levels. The gross returns, net returns and BC ratio were also higher with the same treatments
(Rs37865, Rs.21365 and 2.39 respectively) as compared to all other treatments and absolute control.
GNRSA-2020/094
APPLICATIONS OF THRESHOLD POTENTIAL EXOGENOUSLY TO COMBAT WATER SCARCITY IN BANANA
ASHU SINGH*, R. S. SENGAR AND PRAGATI MISHRA1

Tissue Culture Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, UP, India
1
Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P, India
Bananas are consumed as ripe fruit, whereas plantains, which remain starchy even when fully ripe, need cooking for palatability and
consumption. Originally crops from humid tropics, they have acclimatized to a broad range of climatic conditions. While bananas have come
to occupy the status of a high value, commercial crop, plantains have remained a staple food of many ethnic groups. Irrespective of their
commercial status, banana and plantains are referred as ‘Poor man’s apple’. Origin of Banana is Asia Banana is one of the oldest
domesticated crops of twentieth century. A banana is an edible fruit, botanically a berry, produced by several kinds of large herbaceous
flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called plantains. Banana, basically a tropical crop,
grows well in a temperature range of 150C-350C with relative humidity of 75-85%. In India this crop is being cultivated in climate ranging
from humid tropical to dry mild subtropics through selection of appropriate varieties. A soil that is not too acidic and not too alkaline, rich in
organic material with high nitrogen content, adequate phosphorus level and plenty of potash are good for banana.
Keywords: Banana, Oxidative stress, In-vitro, Drought
GNRSA-2020/095
SURVEY OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS ON OPIUM POPPY IN THE BARABANKI DISTRICT (U.P)
ASHWANI KUMAR PATEL1, 2 *S.K. PANDE1, SATYENDRA VISHWAKARMA1, VANDANA SAHU2, SHIV SHANKAR PATEL1, 2
1
Department of Plant Pathology Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture &Technology Kumarganj Ayodhya 224229 India.
2
Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology B.H.U. Varanasi.
Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is an important medicinal plant that possesses various types of alkaloids which are used for preparing
medicines. It contains morphine, codeine, papaverine and thebaine alkaloid drugs making it as a strategic crop in the pharmaceutical industry.
Heroin, known as diamorphine, is an opioid obtained from the seed and most commonly used as recreational drug for its euphoric effect.
Fungal diseases are the key factors which cause significant losses ranging from 20-40 in the production of the crop every year. Plants were
affected by four predominant disease symptoms: blight, chlorotic, necrotic, and small necrotic spots. P. papaveracea is known to be a highly
destructive seed borne pathogen of opium, causing seedling blight, leaf blight, crown rot, and capsule rot. A survey was conducted on the
fungal population on opium in three villages viz, Daudihara, Ibrahimpur, Chandwara of Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. The samples collected
from the different parts of the plant including Stem, leaves and capsules from the three localities revealed the presence of more than fifteen
fungal pathogens. Number of fungal pathogens recovered from stem, leaf and capsule varied from five to ten. Majority of the fungal
population was obtained from the stem and the leaf as compared to the capsule. The most common mycoflora recovered were Botrytis
cinerea, Pernospora arboscens, Erysiphe sp., Stemphylium, and Cladosporium. However, the pathogens isolated in highest proportions were
Mycosphaerella sp., and some hyphomycetes like Alternaria, Stemphylium, and Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea. This
survey work will be helpful for further study the various fungal mycoflora in opium poppy growing areas for their management aspects.
Keywords: Opium, Morphine, Alkaloids, Fungal Population, Mycoflora.
GNRSA-2020/096
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FPOS IN UTTAR PRADESH
ASHWANI KUMAR VERMA, O. P. SINGH, V. K. SINGH, S. K. DUBEY, S. UPADHYAY, AND AKASH
C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
The FPOs (Farmer Producer Organizations) in current scenario are playing paramount roles in strengthening markets for commodities
produced, bought and sold by smallholders thereby reducing transaction costs; managing risk; building social capital; enabling collective
action; and redressing missing markets. The study was conducted in purposively selected Central Zone of Uttar Pradesh as this Zone gives the
universal representativeness in the state of Uttar Pradesh with reference to the FPOs. There are 14 districts in Central Zone and the researcher
has purposively selected only two districts namely Kanpur Dehat and Kannauj on the basis of maximum number of FPOs working in these
districts. Every three out of four FPOs were selected from each sampled district by simple random sampling technique. Thus, total 3 FPOs
from Kannauj District and 4 FPOs from Kanpur Dehat District were selected. Further, 20 member farmers and 40 non-member farmers from
the operational area of each FPOs were sampled to compare their selected profile. In this way, total 420 respondents were selected from 7
FPOs for the study. The variables included for comparison were from broad areas of socio personal viz, age, education, caste and family size;
socio-economic namely, land holding, annual income & occupation; and communicational variables like, social participation, mass media
contact & extension agency contact and the affected data were subjected for tabular analysis and Z test and Mann-Whitney ‘U’ test to see the
significance of difference, if any. The socio-economic profile was compared between member farmers and non-members, the results showed
that there is highly significant difference between two groups in age and social participation, mass media contact, extension agency contact
and annual income traits (P<0.01). Hence, Farmer Producer Organizations will play prominent role in empowering the small producers to
make their agricultural enterprise more viable and profitable for betterment of their socio-economic status.
GNRSA-2020/097
INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PANAMA WILT (FUSARIUM OXYSPORIUM F.SP. CUBENSE) OF
BANANA
ASHWINI KUMAR*1 AND MANE S. S2
1
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Sehore, R.V.S.K.V.V. Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
2
Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
This disease is world's worst disease of banana, caused by a soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. cubense. During 1940s and 1950s,
the disease threatened the world banana trade, which however, was saved by the development of the resistant 'Cavendish' cultivar. But
'Cavendish' becomes susceptible to this disease due to development of a new race, race-4 of the pathogen. Primary source of inoculums is
chlamydospores in soil and propagules in infected suckers used for planting. Secondary source of inoculums is micro and macro conidia
through irrigation water. It is a typical vascular wilt disease. Reddish to dark brown discolouration of the vascular system is characteristic
symptom. The older leaves turn yellow at the margins, which die progressively towards the midrib and dead leaves hang around the stem.
Longitudinal splitting of pseudostem is very common. The underground rhizomes form suckers, which look healthy but give rise to infected
plants. In absence of a single effective control method, control methods are now moving towards the integration of several compatible and
effective control methods. Integration of biocontrol agents with other cultural or agronomic practices such as using resistant cultivars, disease
– free planting materials, prevention of spread of the virulent race-4 through quarantine measures and application of Neem cake +
Trichoderma viridae in planting pits are effective control measures. Soil application and suckers treatment with several biocontrol agents like
Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtillis are very effective antagonists. B. subtillis predominantly
colonizes by forming biofilms along the elongation and differentiation zones of the roots. Reduction of the disease incidence can be
positively correlated with the stimulation of defense- related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO).
GNRSA-2020/098
IMPORTANCE OF SEED BIO-PRIMING IN PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT
ASHWINI KUMAR*1, PURNIMA SINGH2 AND MANE S. S3
1,2
Department of Plant Pathology, R.V.S.K.V.V., Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
3
Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
Bio-priming is a new technique of seed treatment with biological means that includes integration of seed hydration and beneficial
microorganism inoculation. It induces seed germination, viability, vigour, plant growth and protection against seed or soil borne pathogen
and ultimately improve crop yield. Bio-priming of seed uses microbial inoculants of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and fungi. It is an
eco-friendly strategy using selected microorganism which produces substances for growth promotion and pathogen inhibition.
Presently, seed treatment with biological inoculants is being used as a substitute to synthetic chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture
for plant and soil health improvement. Using biocontrol agents with priming agents for seed treatment over simple seed coating has potential
advantages and serves as a better strategy of managing many seed and soil-borne diseases. Seed priming results under adverse condition of
soil useful in uniform and rapid seedling. Bio- priming could be safety used commercially as substitute of traditional fungicide seed
treatments for controlling seed and soil borne plant pathogens.
GNRSA-2020/099
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PLANT DISEASES AND ITS MANAGEMENT
ASHWINI KUMAR*, PURNIMA SINGH AND PRERANA PARIHAR

Department of Plant Pathology, R.V.S.K.V.V. Gwalior, M.P.
Climate change is the biggest threat to mankind, and is the cause of nearly 0.4 million deaths a year worldwide. The observed climatic
changes on earth’s surface over the past 50 years are primarily caused by various human activities. The increasing global temperature over
the past century by about 0.8ºC and expected to rise between 0.9 and 3.5ºC by 2100. The effect of these climatic changes has been observed
on the reproduction, spread, and severity of many plant pathogens. Climate change affects the speed of development and number of pathogen
or vector generations, the geographical distribution of the host, pathogen, or vector, particularly on the margins of their respective distribution
dispersal of the pathogen or vector with respective to synoptic – scale movement and host – pathogen interactions that have evolved into a
functional system. Changing disease scenario due to climate changes and reorientation of disease management strategies with amalgamation
of new strategies is the need for sustainable food production. The adoption strategies to mitigate the climate change includes integrated pest
management, using available early warning system for diseases, biological control measures, soil solarization technique, breeding for disease,
pest and drought resistance varieties, weather- based disease monitoring , inoculum monitoring especially for soil- borne diseases and Rapid
diagnostics methods.
GNRSA-2020/100
EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZERS AND ZINC ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPROUTING BROCCOLI (BRASSICA
OLERACEA VAR. ITALICA L. PLENCK) UNDER LUCKNOW CONDITIONS
BHAG CHAND SHIVRAN1, ARJUN LAL OLA2 AND RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR3
1
Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedker University (A Central University), Lucknow (UP), India
2
Department of Vegetable Science, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, (UP), India
3
Department of Horticulture, Banaras Hindu University, (UP), India
The field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar
University (A Central University), Vidya-Vihar, Rai-Bareli Road, Lucknow - 226025 (U.P.), India during Rabi season of 2016-17. The
experiment comprised of 16 treatment combinations with four levels of each bio-fertilizers (Control, Azotobacter, PSB and Azotobacter+
PSB) and Zinc (Control, 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) in randomized block design with three replications. The application of Azotobacter +PSB
resulted in the maximum and significantly more values of growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (28.70 cm and 52.21 cm at 30 and 60
DAT), number of leaves (7.91 and 16.71 at 30 and 60 DAT), diameter of stem (1.36 cm and 2.57 cm at 30 and 60 DAT), plant spread (22.92
cm and 33.97 cm at 30 and 60 DAT), weight of curd (398.21 g), diameter of curd (12.28 cm), total number of secondary curd (10.50), volume
of curd (109.16 cc), yield per plot (4.90 kg) and yield ha-1 (226.85 q ha-1) as compared to control. Similarly, the application of 30 kg zinc ha-
1 resulted in the maximum and significantly more values of growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (29.75 cm and 55.16 cm at 30 and
60 DAT) and number of leaves per plant (7.91 and 16.90 at 30 and 60 DAT), stem diameter (1.38 cm and 2.62 cm at 30 and 60 DAT), plant
spread (22.41 cm and 35.60 cm at 30 and 60 DAT) weight of curd (420.07 g), diameter of curd (12.72 cm), total number of secondary curd
(10.14), volume of curd (113.42 cc), yield per plot (4.34 kg), yield ha -1 (215.05 q ha-1), TSS (12.280Brix), Ascorbic Acid (84.01 mg/100g),
Total sugars (3.86%), Reducing sugar (2.90 %) and Non-reducing sugar (0.87%) as compared to control. Similarly, the application of 30 kg
zinc/ha resulted in the maximum and significantly more values of quality attributes viz. TSS (12.72 0 Brix), Ascorbic Acid (87.31 mg/100 g),
Total sugars (3.44%), Reducing sugar (2.66 %) and Non-reducing sugar (0.75 %) It is recommended for higher production of sprouting
broccoli under Lucknow conditions.
Keywords: Broccoli, Zinc, Azotobacter, PSB and Yield.
GNRSA-2020/101
STUDY OF PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF HOMEMADE KARONDA (CARISSA CONGESTA L.) PICKLE
WITH GREEN CHILLIES AND GARLIC
ASHWINI UIKEY, PRIYANKA GURJAR AND R. S. GURJAR
*Research Scholar Dept. of Horticulture (Vegetable Science), College of Agriculture, RVSKVV- Gwalior (M.P),
1 Research Scholar Dept. of Horticulture (Fruit Science), College of Agriculture, RVSKVV- Gwalior (M.P) and
2 ZARS, Morena RVSKVV- Gwalior (M.P)
Karondais a berry fruit that is said to have originated in the Himalayas and is found across north India and many other places across the
globe. It is basically a tropical fruit. A sour and acidic fruit with no sweetness. It is full of calcium, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Iron and other
nutrients and is used as blood sugar stabilizer and for many other ailments. It freezes well and can also be kept in the fridge for at least a
week. The recipe for Karonda pickle includes fresh green chillies and garlic pods, both ingredients are full of health benefits and enhance the
taste of the pickle.Two karonda types i.e. pink and green for making pickle and qualitative changes taking place during storage period of four
months. The results showed that pH, T.S.S./acid ratio, ascorbic acid, non-reducing sugars, organoleptic values decreased whereas acidity,
reducing sugar and browning increased during storage. The TSS and total sugars decreased in pickles prepared from pink and green type and
observed that pickles prepared from pink type of karonda was of good quality as compared to sweet pickle. The physicochemical changes in
karonda (Carissa carandas) pickle during storage were found to be organoleptically acceptable for a period of 3 months. After that, the pickle
started changing to brownish colour at ambient temperature. The total soluble solid, acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, browning, flavour,
texture, taste and after taste increased with storage period while ascorbic acid, non-reducing sugar, colour and appearance and overall
acceptability decreased at ambient temperature.
Keywords: karonda, ailments, organoleptic, pickle, storage
GNRSA-2020/102
EXTRUSION-COOKING
ASTHA ASATI AND DR. V. K. TIWARI
Dept of PHP&FE, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P)
Extrusion-cooking is advantageous for vulnerable foods and offers a chance to use raw materials which have not previously displayed great
economic importance or have even been regarded as waste. Rice and pulse milling by-products due to the low price and easy conversion to
processed products result in increasing demand for conversion of these by-products into useful products. In this study focuses on optimizing
the process variables and to study the extruded snacks were prepared from blends of brown rice and chickpea using a single-screw extruder to
assess their suitability as snack food. Response surfaces generated by central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were used to evaluate the
significance and effects of pair of two independent (process) variables on various measuring parameters of dependent variables of extruded
product. The combined effect of moisture content of feed (10, 12 and 14%), blend ratio of brown rice: chickpea (90:10, 80:20 and 70:30),
barrel temperature (130, 140 and 150ºC), die head temperature (170, 180 and 190ºC) and screw speed (80, 90 and 100 rpm) of extruder on
physical properties (bulk density, specific length and sectional expansion index), textural properties (hardness and crispness) and biochemical
properties (protein and fiber content) of extrudate were studied. The product properties were found to be dependent on feed moisture, blend
ratio and barrel temperature. The presence of chickpea content in blend ratio contributed to decrease the sectional expansion index, specific
length and to increase in bulk density because chickpea is the component that is having highest percentage of protein.
Keywords: Brown rice, Chickpea, Extrusion Cooking, Response surface methodology.
GNRSA-2020/103
EFFECT OF BIOCHAR AND FYM ON YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FODDER SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR
(L.) MOENCH) AND PROPERTIES OF SALT AFFECTED SOIL
ASTHA PANDEY AND DR. M. S. JAKASANIYA
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, B. A. College of Agriculture
Anand Agricultural University, Anand
A pot experiment was conducted during Kharif - 2018 in the net house of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Anand
Agricultural University, Anand to carry out a study on effect of biochar and FYM on yield, chemical composition of fodder sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and properties of salt affected soil. The soil of experiment was loamy sand having good drainage and pH 8.0
at 0-15 cm soil depth. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (factorial). The treatment comprised four levels of
biochar (B1: 0 t ha-1, B2: 2.5 t ha-1, B3 : 5.0 t ha-1 , B4 : 7.5 t ha-1) and three levels of FYM (F1 : 0 t ha-1 , F2 : 5.0 t ha-1 , F3 : 10.0 t ha-1 ). Salient
findings of the experimental results are summerized as below. Application of biochar and FYM resulted in the significant improvement in the
physical properties of soil i.e., decrease in bulk density and increase in water holding capacity. The bulk density of soil was reduced due to
higher levels of biochar and FYM. The significantly higher value of water holding capacity of soil was recorded in soil applied with higher
levels biochar and FYM. Significantly highest value of water holding capacity of soil was recorded in soil applied with biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1
whereas FYM applied @ 10 t ha-1 gave highest value of water holding capacity. Interaction effect of different levels of biochar and FYM on
on bulk density and water holding capacity of soil has failed to exert any significant effect after harvest offodder sorghum.
Keyword: FYM, biochar, Sorghum bicolor
GNRSA-2020/104
A STUDY ON: CHALLENGES FACING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
ATTIA EL GAYAR
Soil, Water and Environmental Research Institute (SWERI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Sustainable agricultural development seeks not only to conserve and conserve natural resources, but also to develop them, because future
generations will demand more in quantity and quality in terms of agricultural and food products. These goals must ensure balance with the
development of the livelihoods of the individuals concerned. Livelihoods should not be limited to an indicator of adequate income levels but
should also include public health concerns and education standards. The vast majority of agricultural water is provided by precipitation that is
stored in soil moisture, which is known as green water. This water evaporates or occurs through plants, and plays a crucial role in crop
growth, especially for rain-fed agriculture. Water is one of the most important inputs to economic development and sustainable development.
The more demand, the more important the water. The future looks miserable if it does not succeed in formulating and implementing a water
resource management approach that can match the limited supply of fresh water with increasing demand. This working paper provides an
overview of historical development and the status of implementation of land valuation concepts and tools and land-use planning to manage
land resources and landscapes, and proposes recommendations for future action. This study also aims to shed light on the future status of
water based on the current state of available water resources, water demand, institutional and legislative frameworks for water management,
in addition to highlighting strategies and policies to rationalize water use and increase water supply. Recommendations have been made to
help overcome anticipated water challenges and to improve opportunities in this valuable study as knowledge of water resource planning is
very limited at present and largely undocumented. Hence, challenges and opportunities were discussed to support decision-making related to
land and water resource management as a prerequisite for sustainable development. So the aim of this study was to diagnose the challenges
facing sustainable agricultural development.
Keywords: land resources, water resources, policy making, management, sustainable agricultural development.
GNRSA-2020/105
PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) VARIETIES.
ATUL PRAJAPATI, R.P. SINGH, BRIJESH KUMAR, AND R. N. KEWAT.

Department of Agril. Biochemistry,Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya- 224 229 (U.P.)
India
The present research work entitled Physical and Biochemical studies of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) varieties was conducted during Rabi
season 2016-17 at the Agronomy research farm and laboratory of Agriculture Biochemistry Narendra Deva University of Agriculture &
Technology, Kumarganj Faizabad (UP). was adopted with three replications. Following lentil varieties were grown with proper agronomic
practices and the seeds of ten varieties of Lentil namely NDL-1 (C) HUL-57 K-75 DPL-15 NDL-2 IPL-325 VL-148 NDL-22 PL-192 NDL-
15 were undertaken to lentil varieties with successive were executed in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted with three
replications. Following lentil varieties were grown with proper agronomic practices and the seeds of ten varieties were collected after
harvesting and use for analysis of Physical and biochemical Parameters.viz Number of pods per plant, test weight (g), Yield/plant (g) Seed
colour Total protein content (%) soluble protein (%) Albumin % Globulin % Methionine (g/16gN) tryptophan content (g/16gN) Lysine
content (g/16gN) and Carbohydrate (%) .The data obtained in the experiment showed the highest protein content was evaluated in (25.16%)
and soluble protein content was recorded in (9.21%) and albumin content was determined in (16.79%) and globulin protein content was
evaluated (67.37%) and methionine content was obtained in (1.04 g/16gN) tryptophan content was found in (0.92 g/16gN) Maximum lysine
content was recorded in the variety NDL-1 (7.03 g/16gN) maximum carbohydrate content was evaluated in IPL-325 (57.08%) variety.
Key words: Number of pods per plant, test weight (g), Yield/plant (g) Seed colour Total protein content (%) soluble protein (%)Albumin %
Globulin % Methionine (g/16gN) tryptophan content (g/16gN) Lysine content(g/16gN) and Carbohydrate (%).
GNRSA-2020/106
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF VEGETABLES GROWN AT TRANS HIMALAYAN REGION
AVANTIKA, VIVEK CHANDRA VERMA, VIVEK KUMAR TIWARI, KAUSHAL KUMAR, THUPSTAN TSEWANG, AND
SOMEN ACHARYA
Defence Institute of High Altitude Research -DRDO,
Vegetables play an important role in human nutrition, these can be eaten either raw or cooked. Vegetable diet must include balanced
proportion of dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates and fats. Vegetables are considered to be low in fats and calories but known to
increase the bulk of diet. In India, the daily recommendation for adults is 275 grams (9.7 oz) of vegetables per day. In the high altitude Trans-
Himalayan Ladakh region, farming land is covered with snow for five to six months that makes farming practices impossible in open
condition. Various vegetables such as cauliflower, cabbage, spinach, turnip, carrot, radish, cabbage, potato, onion etc. are grown in the month
of April to October i.e. starting from sowing to harvesting. Fresh vegetables are easily accessible for consumption in summer season but
remain unavailable in late winters due to non farming season and tough climatic condition. As transportation is also limited in that period,
hence fresh vegetables are hard to find. Therefore, there is need to store vegetables of longer shelf life for later consumption. Spinach,
broccoli, carrots are rich in dietary fibers that serves as prebiotic known to reduce bowel disorders hence preventing the risk of
gastrointestinal problem and colon cancer. Carrots, peppers, turnip, spinach, tomatoes and watermelon are rich in antioxidants known to scavenge
free radicals and prevent cell damage in the body. Tomatoes are rich in vitamin C, prevents cough and cold. Pumpkin and spinach are rich in
vitamin E. Greens vegetables are rich in vitamin A preventing night blindness and also rich in calcium and phosphorous that provides bone strength.
DIHAR-DRDO is working for the production and storage of vegetables so as to get access to fresh or stored vegetables in winters.
Keywords: Vegetables, nutrition, high altitude, health benefits
GNRSA-2020/107
TREE-CROP INTERACTIONS IN HARAR (TERMINALIA CHEBULA RETZ.) AND AONLA (PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA L.)
BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
AVINASH KUMAR BHATIA1* AND DR. KAMAL SHARMA2

1
Junior Research Fellow, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (HP)
2
Dean, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (HP)
The studies entitled “Tree-crop interactions in Harar (Terminalia chebula Retz.) and Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) based agroforestry
systems” were carried out at COHF, Neri-Hamirpur under subtropical conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The experiments were designed to
evaluate the effect of trees on the growth and yield parameters of agricultural crops along with soil health, carbon sequestration potential and
bio-economics appraisal under different tree-crop combinations. The trial was laid out in RBD, having nine treatment combinations (sole
maize, maize + Harar, maize + Aonla, sole mash, mash + Harar, mash + Aonla, sole arhar, arhar + Harar and arhar + Aonla) with four
replications in order to assess the biomass, carbon stock and economics of the various tree-crop combinations while for growth, yield and soil
physico-chemical properties, the trial was laid out in RBD having three treatment combinations viz. sole agricultural crop, agricultural crop +
Harar and agricultural crop + Aonla with twelve replications. The results indicated that trees suppressed the growth and yield of agricultural
crops significantly. Among all the physico-chemical properties of the soil, porosity, soil moisture, pH and organic carbon were found to be
affected significantly while, the bulk density and particle density remained unaffected at soil depths 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. Results also
indicated that with increase in soil depth, bulk density, particle density, soil moisture, EC and pH increased whereas, reverse trend was
observed for porosity, organic carbon, available N, P and K. Among all tree + crop combinations, the highest total biomass (77.80 t ha-1) and
carbon stock (38.90 t ha-1) were recorded under maize + Harar. From economics point of view, the maximum (80,471.49 Rs. ha-1) gross
returns were obtained for maize + Aonla yet the maximum (42,684.40 Rs. ha -1) net returns and benefit-cost ratio (2.14) were worked out for
mash + Aonla.
GNRSA-2020/108
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF PRESSURIZED AQUA FERTILIZER METERING SYSTEM
AVINASH KUMAR GAUTAM

Department of Farm Machinery & Power Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P.
The present study was done on the design, development and performance of pressurized aqueous fertilizer metering system with a
comparison to zero till drill and conventional seed drill for wheat crop under vertisols. The present study was undertaken to investigate design
values of pressurized pumping system. To begin with the estimated range of moisture requirement required to attain sowing moisture for
different soil type was determined. For loamy sand soil an application range of aqueous fertilizer was 0.15-092 liter per meter for raising
moisture from 3 to 7% to germination moisture of 14 per cent. Whereas, for sandy loam soil the same was 0.17-1.34 liter per meter for raising
moisture from 4 to 12 % to germination moisture of 20 per cent and for loam soil it was 0.23-1.59 liter per meter for raising moisture from 8
to 16 % to germination moisture of 27 per cent. Based on estimation, an aqueous fertilizer requirement of 5500 to 8000 l/ha was required in
experimental field with clay loam soil. To optimize different pumpvariables for required discharge rate five levels of pump rotational speeds
i.e. 1998, 1665, 1332, 999 and 666 rpm, four levels of line pressure staring from fully opened valve i.e. gauge pressure of 0 kg/cm 2, by
reducing valve opening area up to 2, 4 and 6 kg/cm 2 and three levels of nozzle sizes i.e. 8, 10 and 12 mm were taken. Field test were
conducted in the experimental farm of college of agricultural engineering. The field experiments were laid out following a randomized block
design. Based on functional test evaluation, actual field capacity and field efficiency of the machine were 0.35 ha/h and 65.5% respectively.
The field experiments reveled that aqueous fertilizer application advanced germination by at least two days. Rate of aqueous fertilizer gave
enhanced growth performance parameters in addition to better germination, no of ear heads, plant height, dry root weight, grain yield and
straw yield were 45%, 22.4%, 23% 37.5%, 25.3% and 19.6% respectively higher than to those plots with no aqueous fertilizer application.As
per the working principle of the seed cum pressurized aqua fertilizer drill may be the better solution for the effect of agro-climatic changes in
agricultural situations. This may take care of the situation such as dry spell maintained or improve the soil health as well as environment.
GNRSA-2020/109
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF RADISH (RAPHANUS
SATIVUS L.)
AVINASH TOMER, PAVITRA DEV AND JITENDRA KUMAR

Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004 (U.P.)
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield parameters of radish (Raphanus
sativus L.) was conducted during the year 2017-2018 at Horticulture Research farm, Department of Horticulture, Ch. Charan Singh
University Campus, Meerut (U.P) India. The treatments implicated in the experimental research were nine in numbers i.e. T1 (GA3 @
50ppm), T2 (GA3 @ 100ppm), T3 (IAA @ 50ppm), T4 (IAA @ 100ppm), T5 (NAA @ 50ppm), T6 (NAA @ 100ppm), T7 (MH @ 100ppm),
T8 (MH @ 200ppm), T9 (control). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated three times. The soil of the
experimental field was well drained, sandy loam having good moisture and heat absorbing capacity. The findings of the present investigation
clearly indicated that the foliar application of GA 3 @ 100ppm gave significant effect to improve growth and yield parameters of radish viz.
plant height (36.93 cm), number of leaves (25.79), leaf length (33.60 cm), root diameter (5.39 cm), weight of root (250.66 gm ) and yield
(380.94 q/ha) as compared to other treatments. Hence, foliar application of GA3 @ 100ppm may be suggested for getting maximum
vegetative growth and yield of radish under Western Uttar Pradesh conditions.
GNRSA-2020/110
“ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF ANTHRACNOSE (COLLETOTRICHUMCAPSICI) OF CHILLI (CAPSICUM
ANNUUML.)”
AVULA SRAVANTHI AND SHASHI TIWARI

Department of Plant Pathology
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.)
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of bio-agents and botanical oils in invivo conditions during kharif 2019, in central
field of SHUATS, prayagraj to control the anthracnose disease of chilli caused by Colletotrichumcapsici and also to increase the growth
parameters. Chilli is one of the most important cash crops grown in India. Among all the diseases, the anthracnose disease caused by
Colletotrichumcapsici is noticed most destructive and drastically reduces the quality and yield of chilli fruit. In the present study three
botanicals viz. Neem oil (5%), Castor oil (5%), Clove oil (5%), and one bio agent viz. Trichodermaviridae (5%) were evaluated. And three
other treatment were taken the combinations of botanicals with the bio agent viz. Neem oil+ Trichodermaviridae(2.5%+2.5%), Castor
oil+Trichodermaviridae(2.5%+2.5%), Clove oil + Trichodermaviridae(2.5%+2.5%) concentration of seedling treatment and foliar spray.
During evaluation, all the treatments were found to be significantly superior over control in managing the anthracnose disease and also in
increasing the growth parameters. Among the treatments Neem oil+ trichoderma(13.56%) recorded the least mean disease intensity and
followed by clove oil + Trichodermaviridae, clove oil etc.Trichodermaviridae is most effective with the combination of botanicals than the
single treatment to control the Anthracnose disease and also in increasing the growth parameters respectively.
Key words:Chilli, Anthracnose, Colletotrichum, Trichodermaviride, Neem oil, Castoroil and Clove oil.
GNRSA-2020/111
EXPORT PERFORMANCE POMEGRANATE FROM INDIA
AWARE M. R., PERKE D. S. AND JADHAV V. G.

Department of Agricultural Economics
College of Agriculture, Parbhani VNMKV. Parbhani. 431402
Pomegranate (PunicagranatumL.) belongs to family Punicaceae and is a favourite table fruit of the tropical and sub-tropical regions of
the world. In India, pomegranate is cultivated in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, H aryana,
Telangana State and Andhra Pradesh. The most promising cultivars grown in India are Bhagwa, Alandi, Dholka, Kabul, Kandhari,
Muskat red, Vellode, Ganesh, G-137, Jyoti, Mridulaand Phule Araktha. Maharashtra is a major producer of pomegranates and
contributes 90 per cent of the country's total export. At present, the total area under pomegranate cultivation across the country is
220,000 hectares, including 151.5 thousands hector area under pomegranate cultivation in Maharashtra, followed by Karnataka and
Gujarat with 29.1 thousand ha and 22.2 thousand ha of pomegranate cultivation in India. India is the largest producer of pomegranates
but export from India fresh fruit during 2017-18 was 1.7 per cent of the total share in world compared to Thailand and Vietnam soc rep
which exports 28.37 and 23.73 per cent share in world, respectively of their production. The fruit is exported to UAE, Saudi Arabia,
Netherlands, Oman, Nepal, USA, Kuwait, UK, and Others country. The data regarding production and export of Pomegranate in India
was collected from 2003-04 to 2017-18, which includes 15 years data. The time series data has been divided into three sub periods i.e.
period I (2003-04 to 2007-08), period II (2008-09 to 2012-13) and period III (2013-14 to 2017-18). The growth in production, quantity
exported and export value realized from export was analysed by using exponential growth function. The degree of instability in
production and export of pomegranate was measured by using coefficient of variation. India’s export quantity of Fresh fruit during
2003-04 was 20651 MT which increases to 50230 MT during 2017-18. In terms of share in world export India’s export was 1.21 per
cent in 2003-04 but in 2017-18 increase up to 1.85 per cent. India’s per cent share of agricultural export in the total export was
decreased from 12.70 per cent in 2003-04 to 12.26 per cent in 2017-18. India’s share in pomegranate production to export quantity in
the year 2013-14 up to 2017-18 production was increased 1352.92 tons up to 2660.67 ton but per cent export was declined 2.3 up to
1.7 percent. The overall 15 years (2003-04 to 2017-18) growth rate of export value of Pomegranate in India was highly significant at
31.59 per cent per annum and much higher than the production and export quantity of Pomegranate foroverall period was 9.51 an d
8.12 per cent per annum, respectively. State wise Coppock’s Instability Index for production during overall period of study the highest
instability was observed in Chhattisgarh (117.71 per cent) while lowest instability was recorded in Karnataka (19.71 pe r cent) followed
by Gujarat (22.41) Tamil Nadu (23.83 per cent). The instability recorded for India was 19.43 per cent. Trend in domestic and
international price of Pomegranate was increasing at increasing rate. The average NPC values of pomegranate during I, II, III and
overall period was 0.91, 1.11, 0.56 and 0.74, respectively.
GNRSA-2020/112
A CASE STUDY OF RAINFALL RUNOFF MODELLING FOR SHIPRA RIVER BASIN
AYUSHI TRIVEDI1, S.K PYASI2, R.V GALKATE3 and VINAY KUMAR GAUTAM4
1
Research Scholar, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, J.N.K.V.V, Jabalpur, India
2
Professor, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, J.N.K.V.V, Jabalpur, India
3
Secientist E, National Institute of Hydrology, WALMI Campus, Bhopal, India
4
Research Scholar, College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
A model is a small scale representation of a real world system, and consists of a set of simultaneous sets of equations or a logical sequence of
operations contained within a computer program. Models have parameters which are numerical representation of a property or characteristics
that are constant under specified conditions and variable in other sets of conditions. Runoff is one of the most prominent hydrological
variables used in most of the water resources applications. Sound information on quantity and rate of runoff from land surface into streams
and rivers is vital for integrated water resource management. This set of information is needed in dealing with watershed development and
management problems. A rainfall- runoff model is a mathematical model describing the rainfall - runoff relations of a catchment area,
drainage basin or watershed. Keeping this in view, a comprehensive study on estimation of rainfall and runoff estimation generated from
rainfall was performed in Shipra river basin and its four subbasins (Ujjain, Indore, Dewas, Sanwer) using RRL AWBM Model and its
suitability was determined based on criterion that is Coefficient of Determination, Coefficient of correlation, Efficiency Index and Root Mean
Square of Error. The Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency for the calibration is found to be 82.30% and for the validation period was found to be
64.57%.
Keyword: RRL AWBM Model, Coefficient of Determination, Coefficient of Correlation, Efficiency Index, Root Mean Square Error, Nash
Sutcliffe Efficiency.
GNRSA-2020/113
MIKE SHE: AN APPROACH FOR MODELING SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINAGE
AYUSHI TRIVEDI1, MANOJ KUMAR AWASTHI2AND VINAY KUMAR GAUTAM2

1,2
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur
3
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan
Nitrate leaching from the agricultural areas and consecutively theresulting pollution of both groundwater and surface watersconstitute some
of the largest challenges in water resourcesmanagement. Approximately 40% of the agriculturalland is tile drained, especially the till soils.
Simulations of tile drainage have been performed atdifferent scales and using different model approaches. Tiledrain flow at the field scale has
been simulated using modelssuch as MIKE-SHE, MOD-HMS, and HydroGeoSphere. In the present study MIKE SHE is applied for
modeling of subsurface tile drainage.Tile drainage was included in the model using thebuilt-in drainage routing option in MIKE SHE. Tile
drainagewas defined in the entire model domain, even though itwas known that only parts of the area are drained. However,as tile drain flow
is only generated when the groundwaterlevel rises above the drain level, tile drainage wasonly active in areas with high groundwater levels,
i.e., onlyin parts of the model domain.The drain level was set to 1m below ground surface, except near the coast, where thedrain level was
gradually decreased so it reached groundlevel at the coastline. The drains are thereby located in allgrid cells in the top computational layer of
the saturatedzone. For most of the simulations, the drain time constant,describing the properties of the drains, was a constant
parameterthroughout the model domain; however, in one scenario, distributed drain parameter values werespecified, mainly based on
topography. The model was calibrated and validated using the measured daily drainage in a 16.5 × 36m row-cropped plot during 2009-20014.
Drainage time constant and macropore flow werefound to be important in predicting drainage flow. The calibrated drainage time constant of
4.8 h was outside therecommended range, which might be attributed to the shorter response time of subsurface flow at the plot scale used
inthis study. The calibrated model showed a satisfactory performance in simulating daily tile drainage flow with Nash-Sutcliffe model
coefficient values of 0.65 and 0.82 for the calibration and validation periods, respectively. Predicted total drainage from 2009-2014 were 787
and 843 mm, respectively. The results suggest that MIKE SHE haspotential for predicting tile drainage flows. Both the visual comparison of
hydrographs andstatistical measures model efficiencycoefficient and coefficient of determination indicated thatMIKE SHE showed a
satisfactory performance insimulating tile drainage flow of the study site during thecalibration and validation periods.
Keywords -MIKE SHE, Hydrographs, Coefficient of Determination, Nash-Sutcliffe, Drainage Time Constant, Tile drainage
GNRSA-2020/114
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1
AYUSHI TRIVEDI, 2NIRJHARNEE NANDEHA,3ANKITA SHARMA AND 4VINAY KUMAR GAUTAM
1
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur
2
Department of AMD, Central Institute of Agriculture Engineering, Bhopal
3
Department of PHP&FE, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya University, Jabalpur
4
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan
For quick and efficient response, as well as for recovery after any natural or artificial catastrophe, one of the most important things are
accurate and reliable spatial data in real or near real-time. It is essential to know the location as well as to track and analyse passive and active
threats to quickly identify the possible dangers and hazards. As technology evolves and advances, there is a broader spectrum of sensors that
provide spatial data, and nowadays, decision-making processes also include non traditional, informal sources of information. Apart from the
offer, demand for new spatial data is increasing as well. For quicker and enhanced integration and analysis of data, artificial intelligence (AI)
tools are increasingly used which, in addition to immediate rapid reactions, can help to make better and smarter decisions in the future. Such
software algorithms that imitate human intelligence can help in generating conclusions from natural phenomena presented by spatial data.
Using AI in the data analysis can identify risk areas and determine future needs. According to UN sustainable development goals, by 2030, a
goal for sustainable cities and communities is to make them significantly more sustainable and resilient to natural disasters. This includes
reducing the number of deaths and people affected while substantially decreasing the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic
product caused with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Geospatial Analysis, Disaster Management, Tropical Agriculture
GNRSA-2020/115
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN HORTICULTURE SECTOR
AZLAN KHAN, PRADEEP KUMAR SAHU, HEMANT KUMAR AND EESHWAR SAHU
Department of Agriculture Extension, Pt. S.K.S. College of Agriculture & Research Station Rajnandgaon (C.G.) IGKVV, Raipur
Department of Vegetable Science Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture & Research Station Rajnandgaon (C.G. ) India – 491441
Horticulture crops perform a vital role in the Indian economy by generating employment, providing raw material to various food processing
industries, and higher farm profitability due to higher production and export earnings from foreign exchange. Diverse agro-climatic
conditions in India ensure the production of all types of fresh fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants in different parts of the country. The
horticultural industry offers a variety of jobs, both directly and indirectly. Many jobs require knowledge and training in horticulture. The level
of training could be vocational or at the college level. The nature of work may be indoor or outdoor. Intense manual labour or paperwork in
office may be involved. The following are the identified categories of jobs that require varying degrees of familiarity with horticulture.
Horticultural products need to be transported from the areas of production to nearby and distant markets, and ultimately, to consumers.
Because of their highly perishable nature and in order to retain their quality for a long duration, horticultural products require special care and
handling in transportation. Which deals with the study of cultivation of vegetable crops? The term vegetable is applied to edible herbaceous
plants or parts, commonly used for culinary purposes. It may be grains as in maize cobs (sweet corn, baby corn), peas, bulbs, corms,
rhizomes, roots and tubers, leaves, pods, fruits or curds, mushroom, etc. There has been an increase in irrigation facilities but there are crops,
which even with little watering, can survive. One only needs to ensure adequate water management. Some dry land horticultural crops, like
jamun, ber, tamarind, wood apple, custard apple, ramphal, etc., can be grown on rain fed land also. Compared to other countries, agricultural
labour and other agricultural inputs are far cheaper and easily.
Keywords: - Horticulture, Cultivation, Production, Industry, Categories, Crop.
GNRSA-2020/116
RS-GIS BASED INFESTATION SURVEYING OF BANANA CROP: A CASE STUDY OF BHAGALPUR DISTRICT, BIHAR,
INDIA
B.K. VIMAL, RAGINI KUMARI*, RAJKISHORE KUMAR, AMIT KUMAR PANDEY, ASHUTOSH KUMAR SINGH AND
SUNITA KUMARI1
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Sabour-813210
1
Department of Agronomy, KVK, Vaishali
Banana is the horticultural crop provides an important component of food, as a source of income to the growers and employment generation.
In Bihar, banana cultivation is mostly confined in lowland irrigated tracts of Vaisali (Hajipur), Bhagalpur, Khagaria, Katihar and Purnea
districts. In context of yield performance, infestation in banana is a great concern, and to meet out this problem the present study was done.
Spectral responses of the plants by using of satellite images (IRS LISS III, land sat ETM+ and Carto DEM) provided an opportunity to find
out the patches of plants/banana orchards, infestation and their mapping. To achieve these targets, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
and Normalized Difference Water Index were used under spectral enhancement techniques, and their layers stacked towards fruitful outcome
(identification of infestation in plants). Results revealed that, there was the high concentration of Banana orchards was found in medium to
low lands of the Kosi and the Ganges river basins having light textured soils (sandy loam) of Narayanpur, Kharik, Rangara Chowk,
Naugachhiya and Gopalpur blocks of Bhagalpur district. The low range of NDVI (<0.2) in interpreted satellite images over the period of pre
monsoon and post monsoon, indicated the moderately to high infestation under moist soil condition after flood.
Key word: Banana cultivation, Satellite image, NDVI
GNRSA-2020/117
ORGANICS AND BIO-FERTILIZERS EFFECT ON GROWTH CHARACTERS OF PAPAYA AT NURSERY LEVEL (CARICA
PAPAYA L.)
*B. LAKSHMI DEVI, V.N.P. SIVA RAMA KRISHNA1, C. MADHUMAHTI2 AND K.M. YUVARAJ3
M.Sc Student, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture,
Dr.YSR Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta, YSR Dist. A.P., India
*M.Sc Student, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Kadapa (Dt.)-A.P, India
1,2
Dept. of Fruit science, College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Kadapa (Dt.)-A.P, India
3
Dept. of spices and condiments , College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Kadapa (Dt.)-A.P, India
An experiment was conducted during the year 2017-2018 at College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, to study the influence of organics and
bio-agents on growth characters of papaya (Carica papaya L.)” cv. Red lady. The present investigation was envisaged to produce robust,
healthy seedlings by decreasing the duration of seedlings at nursery, before transplanting in the main field. Required growth of the seedlings
was achieved through combined application of organics and bio-agents along with the potting medium. The experiment was laid out in a
Randomized Block Design and replicated trice with 9 treatments i.e, T1 – Control (FYM+ Soil + Sand (1:1:1)), T2 – Neem cake (10 g/ poly
bag), T3 – Castor cake (10 g), T4 – Neem cake (10 g) + A.M fungi (5 g), T5 – Neem cake (10 g) + T.harzianum (3 g), T6 – Neem cake (10 g) +
T. harzianum (3 g) + A.M fungi (5 g), T7 – Castor cake (10 g) + A.M fungi (5 g), T8 – Castor cake (10 g) + T. harzianum (3 g), T9 – Castor
cake (10 g) + T. harzianum (3 g) + A.M fungi (5 g). The results reveals that different combinations of potting media mixed with organics
(neem cake and castor cake @ 10 g/poly bag), bio-fertilizers (VAM 5 g and Trichoderma harzianum 3 g) (T9) noticed the maximum values
for seedling shoot length (13.16 cm), girth (6.45 mm), vigour index (3442.74), leaf SCMR values (51.16), leaf area (30.94 cm 2), number of
leaves (8.40), petiole length (4.43) and diameter of petiole (1.48) at 15, 30 and 45 days after germination (DAG).
Keywords: Papaya, Organics, bio-fertilizers, seedlings, shoot length, shoot girth.
GNRSA-2020/118
ASSESSMENT ON MANAGEMENT OF MOSAIC VIRUS IN RIDGE GOURD THROUGH INTEGRATED APPROACH
B. MANJUNATH1, B.S. RAJENDRA PRASAD2, R. MANJUNATH3 , B. GAYATHRI3, A.P.MALLIKARJUNA GOWDA1, S.

PAVITHRA4, SAVITA S MANGANAVAR2 AND Y.D. CHITHRA1
1
ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bengaluru Rural District, Karnataka, India
2
ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramanagaram District, Karnataka, India
3
ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chikkaballapura District, Karnataka, India
4
ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mandya District, Karnataka, India
Ridge gourd, an important vegetable crop is becoming susceptible for yellow mosaic virus disease transmitted by whiteflies throughout the
year. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different integrated approaches for the management of the disease.
Intercropping with two rows of border crops of maize 30 days before sowing of pole bean, mulching with black silver mulch, seed treatment
with Thiomethaxam 25 WG – 5g/kg seeds during sowing, soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens along with neem cake (1kg/100kg),
installation of yellow sticky trap @ 10 nos/acre and spraying of seaweed extract (1.5 ml/L) 20 days after sowing, spraying of Thiamethoxam
25% WG (0.5 g/L) and Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (0.5 ml/L) 30 and 45 days after sowing respectively recorded less disease incidence and higher
yield compared to recommended practice.
GNRSA-2020/119
ROLE AND EFFECT OF JEEVAMRUTHA ON SOIL FERTILITY AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
B. SHIVA KIRAN1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411
2
[*For Correspondence: E-mail: adesh.19078@lpu.co.in, phytopath06@gmail.com]
Organic farming yields such a vital benefit as prevention of soil organic composition, maintain improve fertility, soil structure and
biodiversity and reduce erosion. Organic inputs being bulky and concentrated in nature are capable of supplying plant nutrients and enhance
soil environment. These manures containing organically bound macro and other micro nutrients that influence plant growth and development,
and further help in influencing soil sustainability, The breakdown of organic waste increase the nitrogen(n),phosphorous(p) content and leads
to increase in count of nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The main aim of using organic liquid formulations to
crops is to produce toxic free food and also retain the soil fertility by increasing microbial count in soil.
Keywords: panchagavya, jeevamrutham phosphate solubilization, phosphate solubilizing bacteria etc.
GNRSA-2020/120
OPTIMIZATION OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN DOSES IN RABI MAIZE
B. SOUJANYA, B. BALAJINAIK, M.UMA DEVI & T.L. NEELIMA
A field experiment was conducted at research farm of agro climate research centre, Agricultural Research Institute, P.J.T.S Agricultural
University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi2019-20 on “Integration of remote sensing and crop simulation model for nitrogen and
water stress management in maize (Zea mays L.)”. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 9 treatments, comprising of three
irrigation scheduling viz.,irrigation scheduled at 60% DASM (I1), 40% DASM (I2) and 20% DASM (I3) as main plots and three nitrogen
levels viz., N1: 90 kg ha-1; N2: 180kg ha-1 and N3: 240 kg ha-1as sub-plots replicated thrice. The soil was sandy loam in texture, neutral in
reaction, low in available nitrogen, and medium in phosphorus and high in available potassium. The crop irrigation scheduled at 20%DASM)
increased plant height, PAR, No. of grains row-1, No. of grains cob-1, grain yield, stover yield, along with increase in nitrogen doses from 90
to 240 kg N ha-1. In contrast, when crop subjected to severe water stress I 1(60%DASM), the plant height, LAI, PAR,No. of grains row-1, No.
of grains cob-1, grain yield, stover yield, Nitrogen uptake, spad chlorophyll,photosynthetic rate,RLWC, stomatal conductance, decreased with
increase in nitrogen doses from 90 to 240 kg N ha -1. The crop irrigation scheduled at either I3(20%DASM) or I2 (40%DASM) increased LAI,
drymatter accumulation, Nitrogen uptake, spad chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, RLWC,stomatal conductance, along with increase in
nitrogen doses from 90 to 240 kg N ha -1. The crop irrigation scheduled at either I3(20%DASM) or I2 (40%DASM) decreased canopy
temperature along with increase in nitrogen doses from 90 to 240 kg N ha -1. In contrast, when crop subjected to severe water stress
I1(60%DASM), canopy temperatureincreased with increase in nitrogen doses from 90 to 240 kg N ha -1.
GNRSA-2020/121
GYNOCEISM IN MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.; ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
B. VANLALNEIHI*, LALHMINGSANGA2, R.LALRINFELI3, B. LALRAMHLIMI4

*Division of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Thenzawl-796186
2 Division of Horticulture, Multitechnology Training Centre, Selesih- 796014
3 Division of Entomology, College of Horticulture, Thenzawl-796186
4 Division of Vegetable Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252
Cucurbitaceous family have various sex form regulated by biological and environmental factors. This viny family becomes a model plant in
sex determination research as a result of different sex forms. The sex expression is controlled by sex determination genes; however, it is
externally modulated by plant hormones and environmental factors. A particular sex form, where the flowering nodes produce only pistillate
flowers can be exploited for improving yield, earliness and economizing hybrid production. Bitter gourd exhibits various sex forms but it is a
typical monoecious type. However, gynoecious sex form reported (Ram, 2002; Behera, T.K., 2006; Varalakshmi et al., 2014) in Indian
germplasm was governed by ‘gy -1’ a single recessive gene (Ram et al., 2006). The bitter gourd gynoecious lines are maintained and
multiplied by micro-propagation method (Swati and Behera, 2015). At initial stages, gynoecious lines are maintained through sib-mating
where ethylene inhibitor; silver thiosulphate induces hermaphrodite flower buds in gynoecious line (Behera et al., 2011). Nevertheless,
phenotypic detection of gynoecy is tedious as this sex form is highly influenced by environmental factor. To analyzed the position and
inheritance of the gene governing to gynoecy; identification of molecular marker closely linked to gynoecy locus is crucial. In Indian
scenario, RAPD primer OPZ 13 differentiates between monoecius and gynoecious individual by producing a band size of 700bp specific to
desirable gynoecious sex form only (Smaranika et al., 2014). Considering, the economic importance of bitter gourd, it is important to
developed highly reproducible molecular marker for Indian gynoecy lines.
Key words: bitter gourd, gynoecy, molecular marker
GNRSA-2020/122
USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR CROP INVENTORY
B. VENKATESH*, S. SUSHMA, N. PRATHAP REDDY, Y. YERNAIDU

Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad, Telangana500 030, India
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy, contributing about 40 percent towards Gross National Product (GNP) and providing
livelihood to about 70 percent of the population. So, for the primarily agrarian country like India, accurate and timely information on the
types of crops grown and their acreages, crop yield and crop growth conditions are essential for strengthening country’s food security and
distribution system. Pre-harvest estimates of crop production are needed for guiding the decision makers in formulating optimal strategies for
planning, distribution, price fixation, procurement, transportation and storage of essential agricultural products. The agricultural crop
information is generally collected in the country by conventional large scale sample survey methods by several agencies such as at Central
level: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, National Sample Survey Organization; State level: Bureau of Economics and Statistics (BES),
Department of Agriculture and Revenue. However, traditional system of crop production forecasting has few problems like lack of timely
information, variations in statistical figures, availability of data, accessibility and quick retrieval. Crop inventory or crop production
forecasting of a region comprises of identification of crop covers, acreage estimation, forecasting of yields and crop condition assessment.
Crop inventory is mainly obtained using optical and microwave remote sensing and hyperspectral remote sensing using satellite data,
Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). The remote sensing technique is very promising for crop
inventory. Optical remote sensing is most commonly used remote sensing technique which can discriminate the vegetation from non- cropped
area. Microwave remote sensing gives us cloud free data and discriminates the crops even with slight differences in spectral reflectance.
Hyperspectral remote sensing is used for precise discrimination even at genotype level. So we can rely on remote sensing for better crop
estimation even before the crop is harvested for better decision making and formulating policies.
Key words: Crop inventory, Geographical information system, Global positioning system, Hyperspectral remote sensing, Microwave remote
sensing, Optical remote sensing.
GNRSA-2020/123
INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT WITH HERBICIDES AND HERBICIDE MIXTURES IN TRANSPLANTED RICE
B. VENKATESH*, Y. S. PARAMESWARI, M. MADHAVI AND T. RAM PRAKASH

Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad, Telangana500 030, India
Rice is leading cereal crop in the world. Especially in India most extensively grown crop. In spite of all available natural resources the
average yield of rice is very low compared to world average. Due to climate change different rice establishment methods are emerging day by
day to increase the average yield of rice. But, most important biotic constraint is weeds. Transplanted rice infested with heterogeneous type of
weed flora which can’t be controlled by single herbicides. In order to tackle this problem there is need to concentrate on appropriate weed
management practices with new herbicides and herbicide mixtures to maintainweed free environment at critical growth period of crop. To
fulfill the above gaps, the present investigation was carried out with following treatments. T 1: penoxsulam 0.97% + butachlor 38.8% SE 820
g ha-1 (PE) fb hand weeding at 30 DAT, T2: pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 0.15 % + pretilachlor 6% GR 600g ha-1 (PE) fb hand weeding at 30 DAT,
T3: orthosulfamuron + pretilachlor 6% GR 600g ha -1 GR (PE) fb hand weeding at 30 DAT, T4: ipfencarbazone 25 % SC 156.25 g ha -1 (PE)fb
hand weeding at 30 DAT, T5: penoxsulam 2.65 % OD 25 g ha-1 (PoE) fb hand weeding at 40 DAT, T6: penoxsulam 1.02% + cyhalofop butyl
5.1% OD 150 g ha-1 (PoE) fb hand weeding at 40 DAT, T7: pretilachlor 50 % EC 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE) fb 2,4 D WP 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE), T8:
bispyribac sodium 10% SC 25 g ha-1 (PoE) fb hand weeding at 40 DAT, T9: flopyrauxifen- benzyl + penoxsulam 12% EC 40.64 g ha-1 (PoE)
fb hand weeding at 40 DAT, T10: flopyrauxifen- benzyl + cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 150 g ha-1 (PoE) fb hand weeding at 40 DAT, T11: Hand
weeding at 20 and 40 DAT and T12: unweeded control. Herbicide mixtures were most effective to control weeds than single application of
either pre or post emergence herbicides. Higher grain and straw yield was obtained with flopyrauxifen-benzyl + cyhalofop-butyl EC 150 g
ha-1 PoE fb hand weeding at 40 DAT which was comparable to minimum competitive plot. Only herbicide application without hand weeding
results unsatisfactory weed control. If herbicides with hand weeding resulted in effective weed control maintaining weed free conditions at
critical crop growth stages which resulted in higher yields in transplanted rice.
Key words: Hand weeding, Herbicides and herbicide mixtures, Integrated weed management, Transplanted rice, Weed density, Weed dry-
weight.
GNRSA-2020/124
NANOFERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION
B.BHAVANA1 AND P. SOWMYA2

1
Ph. D Scholar, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030
2
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030
Corresponding Author Email : bhavanabudiga28@gmail.com
The excess use of mineral fertilizers and unsafe pesticides has led to pollution and serious health issues. Nanoscience may solve those issues
by providing nanomaterials of higher performance. Nanotechnology is great hope for sustainable agriculture practice and the nanotools in the
form of nanofertilizer and nanopesticide have been modifying conventional farming practices into precision farming. Different types of
nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes, Cu, Ag, Mn, Mo, Zn, Fe, Si, Ti, their oxides and nanoformulations of conventional agricultural
inputs like phosphorus, urea, sulphur, validamycin, tebuconazole and azadiractina can be converted into nanopesticide and nanofertilizer
form. Nanofertilizer are nanomaterials, responsible for providing one or more types of nutrients to plants, support their growth and improve
production. Based on plant nutrient requirement, nanofertilizer may be macro, micronanofertilizer and nanoparticulate fertilizer.
Nanoencapsulation of pesticide is also advantageous in controlled and slow release of active ingredient by manipulation in outer shell of
nanocapsule, which releases low dose over a prolong time period, reducing run-off of excess pesticide. Small in size and high-surface-to-
volume ratio character of nanoparticles make them more efficient in comparison with their bulk components. These nanoforms deliver active
ingredient to the plant by encapsulation inside nanomaterial or within nanoporous material, nanocoating by polymers and nanoemulsion or
nanoparticle form. Nanotools perform smart delivery and their controlled release capacity of agriculture inputs could be helpful in
maintaining ecobalance and provide sustainable solutions to climate change and environmental pollution. The site-specific and controlled
release of active ingredients of agricultural inputs reduces the amount and cost of fertilizer and pesticide expense on farmers. Further,
reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticide would be beneficial in improving the soil health and maintain soil geobiological cycle, which
improve the food and nutrition quality of crop production.
Keywords: Nanofertilizers , Nanopesticides, Control release, Sustainability, Precision farming.
GNRSA-2020/125
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINING CROP YIELDS AND SOIL HEALTH IN
VERTISOLS
B.P. MEENA, A.K. BISWAS, R.S. CHAUDHARY A.B. SINGH AND ASHOK K. PATRA
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal
Integrated nutrient management (INM) approach is the most logical concept for managing and sustaining long term soil health and crop yield.
Hence, a long-term field experiment was conducted successively for 8 years (2012-2019) to evaluate the long term fertility management
strategies for sustaining crop yield and soil health in vertisol of central India. Twelve treatments that comprised of diverse combinations of
general recommended dose (GRD) of NPK, farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (poultry manure), urban compost (UC), maize residue
(MR), glyricidia loppings (GL) and soil test crop response equation (STCR) based NPK with target yield 5.0 and 1.50 Mg ha -1 in maize and
chickpea, respectively were investigated a permanent plot experiment established since 2002. The experiment was conducted following a
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) set up with three replications. The combined results revealed that the maize yield and system
productivity was significantly higher with the STCR based INM strategy (75% NPK of STCR + 5 tonne FYM) and recorded an increase of
22 % and 13%, respectively over GRD. Chickpea yield was significantly increased with residual fertility of 75%NPK+ FYM at 5Mg ha −1
whereas, after 2 years, chickpea yield was enhanced with residual fertility of FYM at 20 Mg ha −1. The STCR based 75% NPK along with
FYM at 5 Mg ha-1 recorded highest sustainable yield index (SYI) 0.84 and 0.92 in maize and chickpea, respectively. A significant increase
was observed in the various soil health indicators (physical, chemical and biological) under balanced fertilization. Integration of organic
manures enhanced soil physical properties such as mean weight diameter (MWD), water stable aggregates (WSA), bulk density and porosity.
Similarly, FYM (20 Mg ha-1) improved positive apparent nutrient balance (NPK), soil organic carbon, SOC stock, carbon sequestration rate,
KMnO4-N, Olsen-P and NH4OAc-K in surface soil as compared to GRD. Although having maintained better soil health condition through
exclusive supply of organic sources of nutrients on N equivalent basis, crop yields especially maize yields were not sustainable in only
organic treatments in all years.
Keywords: Chickpea, crop productivity, Integrated nutrient management, Maize, Organic manures, Soil health
GNRSA-2020/126
RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN TURF GRASSES AT IARI
DR. BABITA SINGH, DR. S. S. SINDHU, DR. RITU JAIN AND HARENDRA YADAV
Division of Floriculture & Landscaping, School of Horticulture
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012 (India)
Globalisation and urbanization are driving the worldwide homogenization of urban landscapes. The flora and fauna of cities in different parts
of the world are very similar, irrespective of geography and climate. One of the most powerful symbols of modern urban landscapes is the
lawn. Grasses are members of monocotyledonae belonging to family Poaceae. Poaceae consists of approximately 10,000 species classified
into 600 to 700 genera that cover up to 20% of earth’s area. Members of Poaceae like rice, wheat and maize have economic importance as
staple foods. Other grasses form an important backdrop in the ecology of the Earth. Grasses can be used for a number of purposes including
turf grass. By definition, “turf grasses are plants that form a more or less continuous ground cover that persists under regular mowing and
traffic” according to Turgeon. Using this definition of turf grass, there are less than 50 species of grasses which can be classified as turf
grasses. Turf cover plays an integral role in various ecosystem services like soil carbon sequestration, enhanced water infiltration, control
over soil erosion and mitigation of urban heat island effect. Turf grasses provide a unique, low-cost cushioning effect that reduces injuries to
the participants when compared with poorly managed or non-turfed soils, particularly in the more active contact sports like football, rugby,
and soccer. It is used in athletic fields to provide athletes and players with soft cushions, this reduces injury. The Division of Floriculture and
Landscaping of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India is maintaining different varieties/species of turf grasses with
different landscape use and they are evaluated for their morphological characters as well as for management practices like weed management,
mowing, fertilization, salt tolerance and adaptability under shady conditions etc. We have maintained seventeen varieties/species of turf
grasses like Selection one, Tif Dwarf- 419,Dichondra , Bargusto, Palma, Panam, Panama, St. Augustine, Bahia grass, St. Augustine
variegated, Zoysia grass (Manila grass), Zoysia grass (Korean grass),Crow foot grass, Bermuda grass(variant TNAU),Mat grass/Carpet grass,
Seashore Paspalum and Centipede grass which of different characteristics like warm season, shade tolerant, drought tolerant, variegated
leaves and with different pattern of texture. Tifdwarf-419 emerged as the most promising cultivar for Delhi climatic condition among all
grasses that were evaluated. The turf are being maintained through frequent mowing in summer and rainy season where as less mowing
required during winters. Fertilizer application is indicating that applying nitrogen in splits of three is more beneficial to turf grasses than
either single application as basal dose or two split applications. The regular application of fertilizer keeps the grass to grow luxuriantly and
maintains the lush green colour of the lawn. Grasses were evaluated for salt tolerance also in which St. Augustine found most suitable turf
grass for salt affected areas. Screening of varieties or species of turf grasses under different shade levels with an objective to examine the
effect of reduced irradiance on photosynthetic capacity, pigment content, quality and growing behaviour of turf grasses. Under reduced
irradiance performance of crowfoot grass and zoysia were good as compared to open conditions. St Augustine, Bahia and Seashore Paspalum
were performed well upto 25 to 50% irradiance level but they were best under open conditions while Bermuda grass, carpet grass and
centipede were not satisfactory under reduced irradiance level.
GNRSA-2020/127
EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES, PHYTO-EXTRACT AND BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINSTROOT ROT OF AJWAIN IN
SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN
BABU LAL FAGODIA1, B. L. MALI2 AND AMIT TRIVEDI3

1
Technical Officer (PP), Central IPM Centre, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
2,3
Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur (Rajasthan), 313001)
Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) also known as bishops weed, it is one of the most important seed spice crop it belongs to family Apiaceae
is a native of Egypt and it has great medicinal value. It is a popular seed spice crop in India. The major growing ajwain producing countries
are India, Persia, Iran, Egypt, Afghanistan, Pakistan and North Africa. In India, it is widely distributed and its production is concentrated
mainly in Rajasthan followed by Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Utter Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal,
respectively. A experiment was conducted in Rabi season 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan) to
find out the role of fungicides, phytoextract and biocontrol agents against root rot of ajwain. The results revealed that combined treatments
were superior in terms of lower mortality (10.0%), higher PEDC (85.71%), higher grain (0.52 Kg/plot) yield and higher percent increase in
grain yield (92.59%) as compare to the individual treatment. The most effective treatment was seed treatment with Bavistin (0.1%) +
Neem oil (0.2%) + T. viride (1×103cfu/g) followed by Bavistin 0.1% + T. viride 1×103 as compared to control as well as other treatments.
Studies are therefore, proposed to be undertaken for developing an effective biological control agent using local strain of BCA and its
integration with latest fungicides and other control strategies.
GNRSA-2020/128
STUDIES ON CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WHITE RUST DISEASE OF MUSTARD
*1BABY WANGKHEM, 2JYOTSANA SANASAM, 3TABALIQUE YUMKHAIBAM, 4K.SARDA DEVI AND 5W.TAMPAKLEIMA
CHANU
1
Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab
2,3
Research Scholar, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR Research Complex for NER Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat-795004, Manipur
4,5
Ph.D. Scholar, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal-795004
White rust causes heavy agricultural losses in field cultivating cruciferous crops. White rust is a disease caused by the oomycete Albugo
candidawhich is the most wide-spread and highly destructive to Brassica juncea, Indian mustard are also reported to cause severe yield
losses. Several attempts have been made to control this disease through the use of fungicides. During rabi 1989-93 the efficacy of 11 different
fungicides were tested against white rust of mustard as seed treatment, foliar spray and seed treatment plus foliar spray. Out of 11 fungicides
metalaxyl 8 WP + Mancozeb 64 WP; Carbendazim, triademefon and tridemorph were systemic in nature while captafol, captan, Mancozeb,
chlorothalonil, iprodione and wettable Sulphur were non-systemic. During 1989-90, the optimum number and time of fungicidals sprays of
captafol and Mancozeb were worked out under artificial epiphytotic conditions. The highest seed yield was obtained by three sprays of
metalaxyl + Mancozeb at 0.144% a.l.at 50 and 65 days after sowing. Mancozeb, captan and chlorothalonil were relatively less effective. The
effectiveness of any fungicide was higher when the spray schedule was started 50 days after sowing than when it was started 65 or 80 days
after sowing. The differences in the disease incidence may emphasize the importance of sowing time with respect to environmental factors
prevailing at a particular location. Futhermore,there was no significant difference between low and high doses of Mancozeb or
metalaxyl+Mancozeb used as foliar spray.
Key words: Albugo candida, Brassica juncea, Chemical control, White rust.
GNRSA-2020/129
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDY IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
BALAJI SHIVAJI THORAT AND R. L. KUNKERKAR

Department of Agril. Botany, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, MS
The present investigation entitled "Heterosis and combining ability study in rice (Oryza sativa L.)" was undertaken at the Research and
Experimental farm of Regional Agriculture Research Station, Karjat (Raigad) with research objectives (i.) To estimate the heterosis and
combining ability and (ii.) To study the nature of gene action. The CMS lines viz., IR-58025A, RTN-12A and RTN-17A were used as a
female parent and tester's viz., Chedo Local, CR-2829-PLN-36, NPQ-49 and RP-5898-19-8-6-1-1-1 were used as a male parent. The crossing
programme was carried out during Rabi 2015-16 to obtain 12 crosses from 3 lines and 4 testers in Line x Testers mating design. The 12
crosses alongwith parents and checks evaluated during Kharif 2016 with all package of practices. The observations were recorded on twelve
characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers plant-1, panicle length (cm),
total number of spikelets panicle-1, number of filled spikelet panicle-1, spikelet fertility (%), 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield plant-1 (g),
straw yield plant-1 (g), harvest index (%). From the present study it was concluded that among the male parents, NPQ-49 recorded higher
mean performance for most of the characters and identified as good combiner for some of traits while as among the females, line IR58025B
recorded higher mean performance and identified as good combiner with significant gca effects for most of the character. The analysis of
variance indicated that source of variation due to males, females, males vs females, hybrids and parents vs hybrids showed significant
variation in most of the traits. GCA effects higher than SCA effects for most of the traits. б2GCA/б2SCA ratio is lower than unity, the traits
under the control of non-additive gene action and б2GCA/б2SCA ratio is higher than unity, the traits under the control of additive gene
action. Three traits were showed preponderance of additive gene action and remaining nine characters were observed under the control of
non-additive gene action. In case of heritability, very high heritability was obtained in three traits, where as high heritability was obtained in
five traits and medium heritability were exhibited for four traits. On the basis of per se performance, heterosis, combining ability, gene action
and heritability of the hybrids viz., IR58025A x NPQ-49 and RTN12A x NPQ-49 was found to be the most promising combination in most of
the yield contributing traits viz., number of productive tillers plant-1, panicle length (cm), total number of spikelets panicle-1, number of
filled spikelet panicle-1, spikelet fertility (%), 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield plant-1 (g), straw yield plant-1 (g) and harvest index (%).
They may be evaluated critically to judge its superiority in performance and seed production technique for its utility on commercial scale.
GNRSA-2020/130
EFFECT OF ZINC AND BORON LEVELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA. L.) VAR.SHIATSDHAN-1
BAREDDY NARENDRANATH REDDY*, UMESHA.C
Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2019 Department of Agronomy in crop Research farm in Sam Higgin bottom
University of Agricultural, Technology &Sciences, Prayagraj to study the effect of Zinc and Boron on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa
L.) Var SHIATS Dhan 1 under Randomized block design with 9 treatments with the combination of micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) along
with that of RDF (N:P:K 120:60:60 kg ha -1 which are replicated thrice. The experiment reults revealed that application of T 9 (20 kg Zn/ha +
1 kg B/ha) has recorded highest no.of grains/panicle (222.73) ,Grain yield (5.83t /ha), Gross returns (₹ 107653.33 ha) , Net returns (₹
54863.33ha),B:C ratio (2.04).
GNRSA-2020/131
PENICILLIUM SP. MEDIATED SUSTAINABLE BIOREMEDIATION OF RECALCITRANT XENOBIOTIC DIAZO CONGO
RED DYE
BARKHA SHARMA*, SHALINI TIWARI, LAKSHMI TEWARI
Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities
GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand
Congo red is a sulphonated diazo dye with wide industrial applications, and frequently occurs in large amounts in the effluents released from
many industries. The discharge of dye-contaminated wastewater into natural water bodies presents a substantial risk to human and
environmental health, therefore necessitating the treatment and removal of toxic dyes from colored wastewaters before their release into the
ecosystem. To our knowledge, biological degradation of congo red by Penicillium sp. has received little attention. The present study
investigates the capability of a native Penicillium sp. for the decolorization and degradation of congo red. The fungal isolate underwent
through qualitative and quantitative screening in Mineral Salt Agar Medium and Broth, respectively supplemented with 100mg/ml dye as the
only carbon source. The treated decolorized samples were subjected to λ-scanning using UV-Visible spectrophotometer to study the
degradation pattern. Furthermore, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) was performed to confirm remediation of CR
dye. The test fungal isolate showed potential to decolorize the dye in agar as well as in liquid medium. Spectrophometric data indicates
81.86±0.03% of CR dye removal by Penicillium sp. from the broth within 24 h under aerobic shaking conditions. UV-Visible scanning (200-
800nm) revealed gradual removal of dye with increasing time. The FE-SEM micrographs also confirmed dye degradation and showed
significant changes in the surface topography of the Penicillium sp spores exposed to the dye. Hence, the fungal isolate showed potential for
the degradation and bioremediation as well as a clean and sustainable green process for dye decolorization.
Keywords: Congo Red, Decolorization, UV-Visible scanning, FE-SEM, Bioremediation.
GNRSA-2020/132
NATIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY TRIBAL OF JHARKHAND
1
BASANT CHANDRA ORAON, 1KUSHMITA DHAN
1
Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry
Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
In Jharkhand , tribals are using a large number of wild plants for food, medicine, etc. The area of study is inhabited by the major tribes of the
state viz., Oraon, Munda, Santhal, Birhor, Asur, Bediya, Mahli and Kherwar. Tribal collecting tubers, roots, fruits, flowers, leaves, fibres, lac,
honey and gums from the forest and using them in a variety of ways, this paper deals with certain mythological notations about diseases and
their cure and natural remedies, decoctions and lotions of herbs which come from the neighbour forests. Many of the uses are not known
outside their tribal community. The available information regarding the native uses of medicinal plants by the Asurs has been discussed here
under ten categories: viz., (1) Fever, body pains and headache (2) langhan (rheumatism, gout and paralysis) (3) cough and asthma (4) cholera,
diarrhea and dysentery (5) urinary cuts and wounds (6) skin diseases (7) burns cuts and wounds (8) snakebites and poisoning (9) weakness
and (19) miscellaneous diseases. The present paper deals with less known medicinal uses of plants which are neither recorded earlier in the
published literature nor known to others. The mode of usage and the doses prescribed are discussed in detail.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Local name, Botanical name, Family, Village people, Local and Herbal doctor, Mode of utilization.
GNRSA-2020/133
ASSESSING TREES OUTSIDE FORESTS (TOF) OF DISTRICT GANDERBAL OF J&K USING LISS IV SATELLITE DATA
BASIRAMEHRAJ*1, AKHLAQ AMIN WANI1, AASIF ALI GATOO1, TAHERA ARJUMAND1, ISHRATSALEEM AND
AFSHANANJUM BABA
1
Division of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, Benhama-Watlar Ganderbal, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural
Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir(UT), India-191201
Trees outside Forests (TOF) refer to all trees growing outside the recorded forest areas irrespective of size of patch. FAO besides introducing
the TOF concept aimed at increasing political attention to TOF as it was recognized that considerable amounts of tree resources might be
ignored when monitoring focuses merely on forests. Assessment of TOF is widely being recognized as an essential topic in sustainable
natural resource management due to their role in offering variety of goods and ecosystem services. TOF offer great potential for sequestering
carbon and is high in case of agroforestry systems as compared to that of the dense canopy cover. TOF of district Ganderbal were assessed
for the year 2016 using LISS IV satellite data. Mapping though visual interpretation was carried out at 1:20000 scale using ARCGIS software
and ERDAS imagine software was used for image pre-processing. TOF of district Ganderbal were classified into three strata namely block,
linear and scattered as per the FSI scheme of classification of TOF (rural) followed in India. TOF strata were further classified into six TOF
practices. Three TOF practices viz., roadside plantations, riverside plantations and boundary plantations were taken into account for linear
stratum. Woodlots and Horticulture as TOF practices were included in block stratum while as scattered patches with clumpy plantations were
included in scattered stratum. The TOF map was validated using ground truth points. Overall area under TOF of district Ganderbal was found
to be 6.77% of total geographical area of the district. Among TOF strata, block TOF covered the maximum area of 6.395% whereas linear
TOF occupied 0.370% of the total area followed by scattered TOF occupying the minimum portion (0.005%) of the district. Among six TOF
practices, horticulture covered the maximum area of 5.73% of total area whereas scattered patches with clumpy plantations occupied the
minimum portion (0.01%) of the district. The overall classification accuracy of mapping was 86.11% with kappa coefficient of 0.833.There is
need of periodical assessment of TOF for temporal changes as TOF significantly contributes to biomass carbon and SOC sequestration and
hence in climate change.
Keywords: TOF, Assessment, LISS IV, Sequestration, Kappa, Scattered patches
GNRSA-2020/134
PRESENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF CONTACT FARMING
BEHARA TARUN KUMAR1, SCHCHIDA NAND SINGH2, JALAPATHI MOUNIKA3 AND BONASU SRI MANI4
1, 3,4, M.Sc (Ag.) Agronomy, Department of Agronomy , Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences Prayagraj
2 Research Scholar (Agronomy) Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj(U.P),
Contract farming has been expected as one of the measures to facilitate participation of farmers in the production of agriculture
commercially, adding more values to agricultural produces. Contract farming (CF) has existed for a long time, particularly for perishable
agricultural products delivered to the processing industry, such milk for the dairy industry or fruits and vegetables for making preserves.
Contact farming has shown well known advantage of the contract farming to small farmers such as reduce the cost to access to market,
accessing credit, obtaining information on market opportunities or new technologies, purchasing certain inputs and accessing product markets
and reducing price fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of contract farming to farmers and to determine policies
to facilitate farmer entry into beneficial contractual relationships. The establishment of an agrarian economy that ensures food and nutritional
security for a population of over a billion, raw material for an expanding industrial base, surpluses for exports, and a fair and equitable reward
system for the farming community requires commitment driven contract farming which clearly is a viable alternative farming model.The
overall future of contract farming in India is quite promising due to increasing trend for organized retailing amongst the burgeoning middle
class population and the food safety requirements of the export market in developed countries. We find that their success is dependent on a
profitable market, the physical and social environment, and government support. However, effort is needed to reduce negative impacts which
arise from contract farming via the active involvement of institutions governing the contract farming business.In an age of market
liberalization, globalization and expanding agribusiness, there is a danger that small-scale farmers will find difficulty in fully participating in
the market economy. In many countries such farmers could become marginalized as larger farms become increasingly necessary for a
profitable operation. A consequence of this will be a continuation of the drift of populations to urban areas that is being witnessed almost
everywhere. The results from the study have direct relevance to work of agencies and organizations working to promote the welfare of small
holding farmers, either through practical field support or through policy advocacy.
Key words: contract farming, impact, farmers, income, livelihood, case studies, Positive and negative impacts, Agribusiness firms, Contract
farming in India.
GNRSA-2020/135
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF ZINC AND IRON ON FLOWERING, FRUIT SET, FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY
OF GUAVA
BHADKE T.G., VIRKAR A. M., MHASKE A. M. AND INGOLE V. S.
Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444104
An experiment entitled “Effect of foliar applications of zinc and iron on flowering, fruit set, fruit yield and quality of guava” was carried out
during 2017-2018 at Dept. of Horticulture” Dr. PDKV, Akola with the objectives to study the effect of different concentrations of foliar
applications of zinc and iron on flowering, fruit set, fruit yield and quality of guava and to find out the suitable concentration of zinc and iron
for foliar applications in guava to maximum fruit yield and better fruit quality. The experiment was laid out in FRBD with sixteen treatment
combinations and three replications comprising of four zinc levels viz., 0.0 % ZnSO4, 0.4 % ZnSO4, 0.6 % ZnSO4, 0.8 % ZnSO4 and four iron
levels viz., 0.0 % FeSO4, 0.2 % FeSO4, 0.4 % FeSO4, 0.6 % FeSO4. The yield attributing characters viz., flowering, fruit set, number of fruits
per tree, fruit yield in ton per hectare were found to be maximum with foliar application of 0.8 % ZnSO 4. In respect of iron levels, the foliar
applications of 0.6 % FeSO4, showed the better performance in terms of yield and yield attributing characters. Amongst the combined
applications of 0.8 % ZnSO4 and 0.6 % FeSO4 showed the better performance in terms of yield and yield attributing characters. Similarly, the
physico-chemical characters in respect of fruit diameter, fruit volume, total soluble solids, total sugar, acidity, ascorbic acid were found to be
best in combined applications of 0.8 ZnSO4 and 0.6 % FeSO4. In respect of zinc levels the foliar application 0.8 % ZnSO4 gave better quality
of fruits. Amongst the iron levels the foliar application of 0.6 % FeSO 4 produced better quality fruits. Plants treated with 0.8 % ZnSO 4
showed higher leaf zinc content and 0.6 % FeSO4 showed higher leaf iron content.
Key words: Guava, Yield, Zinc and Iron
GNRSA-2020/136
STORAGE STUDIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF MAHUA WINE
1
BHAGYASHRI V. PATKAR, 2RUTUJA N. DESHMUKH
1
M.Sc. (Fruit Science) Student, Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Dr. PDKV, Akola444 104 (MH) India
2
M.Sc. (Fruit Science) Student, Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Dr. PDKV, Akola444 104 (MH) India.
Mahua flowers are rich in sugar (68-72%), in addition to a number of minerals and one of the most important raw materials for alcohol
fermentation. The present investigation was for the development of a non-distilled alcoholic beverage from Mahua flowers. The wine is
prepared with addition of mint and lime slices along with peel in different proportion so as to enhance the flavour of wine and to supress the
smell of mahua flower after fermentation. Now a days, the researchers are getting attracted toward the underutilized crops for the
development of new products as Mahua is not being used widely for preparation of different products the experiment is being carried out for
preparation of wine from it by addition of different herbal additives. The wine was prepared and kept for maturation up to 6 months and the
observations were recorded, with respect to sensory evaluation from freshly prepared wine and after 6 months of maturation. From the
experiment it was observed that, the treatment P1H2(pH-4.0 with herbal additive 1.5% mint) was found suitable for preparation of wine from
Mahua.
GNRSA-2020/137
OVERVIEW OF TANNERIESAND TEXTILE INDUSTRY PRODUCTION PROCESS INVOLVED, WASTE ASSOCIATED,
CLASSIFICATION AND AREAS AFFECTED WITH DISCHARGE IN INDIA
BHANU PRATAP SINGH1, DR. PRADEEP SRIVASTAVA (GUIDE) 2, DR. ASHISH KUMAR SINGH (CO-GUIDE) 3
1
Student, School Of Biochemical Engineering, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India
2
Professor, School Of Biochemical Engineering, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India
3
Assistant Professor, School Of Biochemical Engineering, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India
Waste control has gone through alterations in most recent numerous years, and as of now reusing and recuperation are an extra imperative
consideration the business squander is a significant thought, not just due to the amount created anyway likewise because of its capacity
horrible impacts on ecological and human wellbeing. Fused waste administration might be a structure for planning and forcing new waste-
administration frameworks and for examining and upgrading present frameworks. Inside this structure, every specialized and nontechnical
added substances of the administration gadget should be investigated together. Here we are worried about the textile and tanneries squander
sway and the amount and nature of the poisons released. Talking quickly a gigantic measure of profluent produced from tanning and material
businesses is being released ashore or into water sources. These effluents are described by physical, synthetic or organic attributes, for
example, BOD COD TDS TVS. These effluents additionally contains certain optional plant supplements, for example, nitrogen,
phosphorous, sulfur, magnesium, calcium and so forth just as micronutrients and hefty metals. Expansion of tannery waste and material waste
causes deflocculation of soil particles, increment in nitrogen, phosphorous level accordingly causing antagonistic impact on the yields bushes
trees just as water bodies. It has been noted salinization and alkalization of ground water have been taken note. Actual attributes of these don't
allow its removal straightforwardly into inland water or ashore for satisfaction of horticultural practices. Henceforth, Today a current day
coordinated waste control that imbues maintainability into all added substances while considering help convey and call for is required.
Keywords: Fused waste administration, textile, tanneries, antagonistic impact, BOD, COD, TDS, deflocculation, salinization, alkalization,
waste control
GNRSA-2020/138
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES
BHARTI YADAV
Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers leads to deterioration in soil chemical, physical and biological properties, and soil health. Increased
uses of chemical fertilizers without adequate organic recycling had not only aggravated multi-nutrient deficiencies in soil plant system but
also created environment pollution. Moreover, chemical fertilizers are becoming costlier input in Agriculture. The high cost of fertilizers and
unstable crop production call for substituting part of the inorganic fertilizers by locally available low cost organic sources like FYM, green
manuring and vermicompost in an integrated manner for sustainable production and to maintain soil health. Integration of chemical fertilizer
with organic manures has been found quite promising not only in sustaining the soil health and productivity but also in stabilizing the crop
production in comparison to the use of each component, separately. Organic materials add substantial amount of organic matter, besides
improving physical properties of soil like bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability.
Application of organic amendments improved the soil health which further enhances the nutrient status of soil and yield in long term.
Addition of organic amendments increased the levels of nutrient availibilty , microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, activities of
most of the enzymes and the microbial community.
Keyword: Organic amendment, FYM, vermicompost.
GNRSA-2020/139
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DATES OF SOWING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEARL MILLET (PANNISETUM GLAUCUM
L.) VARIETIES UNDER SEMI-ARID REGION
BHAVNA TOMAR, DS SASODE, SS BHADORIA, SUDEEP SINGH TOMAR AND SHOBHANA TOMAR
R.V.S.K.V.V., Gwalior, MP, India
Pearl Millet is the major source of energy and protein for millions of people. Millet produces high quality grains than any other cereals under
extreme conditions: like unfertile soil, intense heat and prolong drought. An experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2016 at
College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior. With the treatment combination of three Date of Sowing (20th, 30th July and 9th August) and
five varieties of pearl millet (Big B, Crystal Dhoom, Boss-65, Ankur-045 and 86M86). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with
three replications. The result reveled that yield attribute and B:C Ratio (benefit cost ratio) were recorded significantly higher in the variety
Crystal Dhoom on first date of sowing (20th.July). Variety Crystal Dhoom recorded significantly higher grain yield 1989.70 Kg/ha followed
by varieties Boss-65 1162.54 Kg/ha, Ankur-045 1792.75 Kg/ha, 86M86 1675.52 Kg/ha and Big B 1768.18 Kg/ha respectively. The highest
Net Return (Rs/ha) 19066 (Rs/ha) was recorded in variety Crystal Dhoom followed by varieties Boss-65, 5713 (Rs/ha), Ankur-045 14550
(Rs/ha) 86M86, 13321 (Rs/ha) Big B gave15066 (Rs/ha) respectively. Significant variations were observed in different growth and yield
parameters among the sowing dates. First sowing date (20th July) statistically showed maximum grain yield 1976.94Kg/ha followed by
second date of sowing (30thjuly) 1737.82 Kg/ha and third date of sowing (9th august) 1318.45Kg/ha respectively. Similarly First sowing date
(20th July) statistically showed maximum Net Return (Rs/ha) 17941 (Rs/ha) followed by second date of sowing (30th July) 14919 (Rs/ha)
and third date of sowing (9th august) 7770 (Rs/ha) respectively.
Keywords: Pearlmillet, verities, yield, B:C ratio.
GNRSA-2020/140
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT GRASS BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
BHERU LAL KUMHAR*, KK AGRAWAL AND HK RAI

College of Agriculture, Jabalpur,
Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur-482004
A field experiment entitled “Physico-chemical properties of soil under different grass based cropping systems” at Research Farm, Department
of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh during 2018-19 to 2019-20. The
study was comprised of eight treatments of grass based cropping systems i.e.pearlmillet napier (PN) hybrid sole crop (T 1), guinea grass sole
crop (T2), PN hybrid in paired rows + ricebean (kharif) - egyption clover (rabi) (T3), PN hybrid in paired rows + Desmanthus (T4), PN
hybrid in paired rows + Sesbania grandiflora (T5), guinea grass in paired rows + ricebean (kharif) - egyption clover (rabi) (T6), guinea grass
in paired rows + Desmanthus (T7) and guinea grass in paired rows + Sesbania grandiflora (T8) with three replication in randomized block
design. The recommended dose of 150 kg N, 80 kg P 2O5 and 40 kg K2O ha-1 was applied through urea, single super phosphate and muriate of
potash. All the observations were recorded and recommended package of practices was adopted for raising the crops. Highest soil bulk
density was found under guinea grass sole crop (1.36, 1.44 and 1.61 Mg m-3),EC (0.215, 1.183 and 1.177 dS m-2) and pH 7.41, 7.65 and
7.70), over PN hybrid in paired rows + ricebean - egyption clover (1.34, 1.39 and 1.56 Mg m-3), (0.206, 1.167 and 1.142 dS m-2) and (7.02,
7.19 and 7.20) at various soil depth 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soil depth during first year and similar trends recorded during second year.
Key words: Grass based cropping system, pH, Ec and Bulk density,
GNRSA-2020/141
SCREENING CHRYSANTHEMUM (CHRYSANTHEMUM MORIFOLIUM RAMAT.) FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN
HYDROPONICS
BIBIN POULOSE1, NAMITA1*, GUNJEET KUMAR1, KANWAR P. SINGH1, SAPNA PANWAR1, SUDHIR KUMAR2, AMITHA
MITHRA SEVANTHI3 AND GOPALA KRISHNAN S. 4
1
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, 2Division of Plant Physiology, 4 Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research
Institute, New Delhi-110012
3
ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi-110012
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is one of the most popular flower crops globally, belongs to the family Asteraceae,
and is native to Northern Hemisphere. It is commonly known as "Autumn Queen" or "Queen of East." Chrysanthemum is popularly known as
'Guldaudi' in India and 'Glory of the East in the USA. The response of plants to abiotic stress includes non-distinct and complex mechanisms,
and the phenotyping of abiotic stress resistance is often a big challenge. Drought is considered one of the most leading abiotic stress,
affecting plant growth, yield, and productivity worldwide. When a plant experiences drought, it triggers specific signalling and gene
expression, and plant response to drought stress varies across genotypes. Chrysanthemum is highly sensitive to drought, and very meager
research work has been done in India in the area of drought tolerance. Therefore, considering the economic importance of chrysanthemum
and water scarcity in the present changing climatic conditions, screening 113 sprays and 14 standard cultivars in hydroponics is carried out.
Seedlings were transferred into Hoagland solution supplemented with 10 % Poly Ethylene Glycol to induce osmotic stress, and normal
Hoagland solution served as control. Relative Water Content, Membrane Stability Index, Chlorophyll Content, Chlorophyll Fluorescence,
Canopy Temperature Depression were measured. Drought Susceptibility Index estimates showed that among the spray cultivars, Pusa Shwet
showed high susceptibility to drought, and the Cultivar Kaul showed high tolerance to drought followed by cultivar Ram Lal Dada. Among
the standard cultivars Tata Century showed high drought tolerance and the cultivar Thai Chen Queen is highly susceptible. Hence, this
information will further ease and strengthen the breeding programme for the development of drought-tolerant varieties in chrysanthemum.
GNRSA-2020/142
IMPACT OF NANOECH IN PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT
BIJEETA THANGJAM1*, KOTA CHAKRAPANI2 W, BANDANA MAYANGLAMBAM3, TAMPAKLEIMA CHANU1, TUSI

CHAKMA1, AND Y. PREMIKA DEVI1
1
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur.
2
Department of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Rice, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad.
3
Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal
Nanotechnology emphasizes the implications of individual atoms or molecules or submicron dimensions in terms of their applications to
physical, chemical, and biological systems and eventually their integration into larger complex systems. Existing plant disease management
relies predominantly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Nanotechnology can offer advantages to
pesticides, by reducing toxicity, improving the shelf-life, and increasing the solubility of poorly water-soluble pesticides, all of which could
have positive environmental impacts. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) (1–100 nm) that have demonstrated activity in suppressing plant
diseases are metalloids, metallic oxides, nonmetals, and carbon nanomaterials. NPs have been integrated into disease management strategies
as bactericides/fungicides/viricides and as nanofertilizers to enhance plant health. There are reports of over 18 different NPs of single element
and carbon nanomaterials affecting disease and/or plant pathogens, only Ag, Cu, and Zn have received much attention thus far. Some NPs act
directly as antimicrobial agents while others function more in altering the nutritional status of the host and thus activate defense mechanisms.
CuNPs, ZnNPs, AgNPs have been used in control of wilt, blight, rootrot, TMV, etc. AgNPs also induce SAR (systemic acquired resistance)
and suppresses the virus infection. As demand for food production increases against a warming climate, nanoparticles will play a role in
mitigating the new challenges in disease management resulting in a reduction in active metals and other chemical inputs.
Key word: nanotechnology, nanoparticles, nanomaterials plant diseases, disease management.
GNRSA-2020/143
GREEN SEEKER BASED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPLANTED RICE CROP UNDER NORTH COASTAL ZONE
OF ANDHRA PRADESH
BILLA SURESH KUMAR1 AND DR. K.V. RAMANA MURHY2

1. Ph.D (Ag.) Research Scholar, Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522 101, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh.
2. Principal Scientist (Agronomy) & Head, Agricultural Research Station, Ragolu, Srikakulam District-532 484, Andhra Pradesh
A field experiment entitled “Green seeker based nitrogen management in rice” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Naira, on sandy
loam soils during Kharif, 2018. The treatments comprised of a combination of four NDVI values of green seeker viz., M1: NDVI value 0.6,
M2: NDVI value 0.7, M3: NDVI value 0.8 and M4: NDVI value 0.9 and four nitrogen levels (N1: 60 kg N ha-1, N2: 80 kg N ha-1, N3: 100 kg N
ha-1 and N4: 120 kg N ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a Split plot design with three replications. The results of the investigation
revealed that the highest number of tillers m -2 , dry matter production, leaf area index, productive tillers m-2, number of filled grains per
panicle, grain yield (5411 kg ha-1), straw yield (6541 kg ha-1) and head rice recovery (HRR) were realized with M 3 (NDVI value 0.8). Among
all N levels, the highest values of all the above parameters were found with 120 kg N ha-1. All the three economics parameters (Gross returns,
Net returns and B: C ratio) registered with NDVI value 0.8 and highest nitrogen level of nitrogen (N4) was significantly higher while the
lowest being associated with NDVI value 0.6 (M1). Hence, it can be concluded that N application through green seeker at NDVI value of 0.8
(M3) and application of 120 kg N ha-1 were found to be suitable for kharif transplanted rice as it registered the highest productivity and
profitability for North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh.
GNRSA-2020/144
COMPOSITIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF GOAT MILK
BINOD KUMAR BHARTI1 AND ANAMIKA DAS2

1
Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Dairy Technology (Bihar Animal Sciences University) Patna (Bihar)
2
Warner College of Dairy Technology, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.)
Goat milk is the most commonly consumed dairy milk in the world. Globally all dairy consumed about 65% to 72% is goat milk. This is
partially due to the ease of keeping goats as opposed to cows in developing countries, where goat milk is an important source of calories, fat
and protein. Goat milk contains about 13.2% TS, 4.5% fat, 4.3% lactose,3.6% protein, and 0.8% minerals, it indicating that slightly higher
total solid, total protein, fat, casein, and less lactose andminerals than that of cow and human milks.However, goat milk is an excellent source
of protein, calcium, phosphorus,potassium, and magnesium. It is also an excellent medium of vitamin A. Goat milk is thicker and creamier
than cow milk and goat milk gives more nutrients.Goat milk has smaller fat globule size as compared to cow milk, which have better
digestibility as compared to cow milk and other milks. Goat milk fat contains significantly higher contents of short - and medium - chain fatty
acids (C4:0 – C12:0) than the cow milk.Goat milk proteins are more readily digestible, and their amino acids absorbed more efficiently than
those of cow milk.So, the consumption of goat milk reduces total cholesterol levels and the LDL fraction because of the higher presence of
medium - chain triglycerides (MCT), which decreases the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol.Goat milk is highly beneficial to health such
aseasier to digest, less risk of milk allergies and better for heart health.In many countries, people are widely consumed goat milk over cow
milk.
GNRSA-2020/145
INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM: AN APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION UNDER
CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITION
BONASU SRI MANI1, SCHCHIDA NAND SINGH2, BEHARA TARUN KUMAR3 AND JALAPATHI MOUNIKA4
2 Research scholar (Agronomy) Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj(U.P),
During Green transformation time our agriculture creation gets expanded hugely because of development of info responsive high yielding
assortments with higher efficiency. During seventies and mid eighties the farming development rate increased quickly and from that point
began consistent declination due to declining factor profitability, as the creation framework received during the green upset time has been a
lot of exploitative and the common assets were exposed to enormous weight past their conveying limit, which prompted the corruption of the
harvest environment as well as to the existence supporting framework all in all. Therefore, the manageability of rural creation framework
become in harm's way and the whole cultivating frameworks structure was shaken. Further changing climatic conditions like whimsical
precipitation, temperature rise, continuous dry season event, hailstorm, cold waves unfavourably affected the yield creation of a few
conspicuous harvests in particular rice, wheat, maize and so forth To defeat this issue and get the ranchers out of this endless loop of
neediness, organizer and strategy producers of the nation need to advance new idea of feasible improvement by enhancing the entire
homestead with different cultivating framework segments, which are viable and correlative to one another, encouraging viable reusing of
assets inside the framework. It additionally offers enough extent of supplement reusing with the framework to streamline and continue the
framework and limited reliance on synthetic manures for crop creation to procure more benefit and may produce greater work for the
relatives consistently. What's more, it has numerous biological and efficient points of interest as these coordinated frameworks upgrade to use
on ranch and contiguous assets which empower environment protection as opposed to demolition. Coordinated cultivating framework is a
differentiated multi crop/culture cultivating practice wherein the miniature yield of one culture turns into the contributions of the other, along
these lines improving soil-richness by a characteristic demonstration of adjusting all natural supplements that eventually gives approach to
manageable ecological inviting natural horticulture. Other than crop cultivating, ranchers get by with animals poultry-duck-fish or with their
auxiliary occupations like beekeeping and vermiculture. Normally the cultivating followed by rancher is informal and the pay produced
through such cultivating is not really adequate to meet their vocation. Nonetheless, utilizing the current assets the cultivating framework can
be made practical. Reasonable and pay producing with incredible chances of business potential. Since the most cultivating network is
overwhelmed by the little holding ranchers, various models have been organized to use and reuse the accessible assets to level out their
financial status. This includes advancement of a proper model of coordinated cultivating framework through coherent association of
information and speculations concerning the conduct of cultivating situation and thorough testing of such models for their approval and
improvement to anticipate the future conduct of the framework according to given arrangement of climate. These cultivating frameworks
likewise help in limiting dangers because of relationship of different agrarian undertakings in contrast with single endeavour in benefit and
work age consistently. Coordinated cultivating framework arose as an ideal methodology for supportable horticultural creation especially
under changing climatic conditions.
GNRSA-2020/146
POTENTIAL ROLE OF BIOCHAR IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
BOTHA PRASHANTHI1*, BILLA SURESH KUMAR2 AND P.V.N PRASAD3

1.Ph.D. (Ag.) Scholar, Dept. of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla,
2. Ph.D. (Ag.) Scholar, Dept. of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla,
3. Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla,
There is an urgent requirement to intensify agricultural production to secure food supply for the increasing population especially in
developing country like India. The cereal food production has reached a plateau for over a decade and in some cases exhibited reduction in
yield due to decline of organic matter in soils owing to continuous mono cropping of cereals with no inclusion of legume in cropping system
or reduced addition of organic matter to the soil. This depletion of organic matter affects the soil quality and fertility, and has become one of
the major threats to agricultural productivity. Soil fertility decline is associated with several simultaneous degradation processes functioning
with each other to produce a descending curve both in productivity and environmental quality. Since, the collective effects of tillage and
improper nutrient management predictably lead to a decline in soil organic matter, the retention of crucial plant nutrients diminished,
breaking down soil physical structure and in turn decreased both the water infiltration and it’s storage capacity of the soil. Biochar is a
carbonaceous and porous material it is highly recalcitrant in its condensed structure. It contains stable carbon content, large specific surface
area, and negative surface charge and thus has been recommended as a potential soil amendment to improve soil physical, chemical and
biological properties Biochar is gaining interest among ryots in the recent past because of its potential for carbon sequestration, and it’s
capability for enhancing soil fertility besides increasing crop production. Biochar which is a carbon rich compound is produced by the
pyrolysis of biomass under limited oxygen environment. Application of such biochar to soil not only increases soil fertility, but also improves
water and nutrient retention by enhancing water holding capacity of the soil and provide hospitable environment to soil micro- and meso-
faunal communities.
GNRSA-2020/147
MORPH-CULTURAL VARIABILITY IN RICE BLAST PATHOGEN
BOYAPATI RAVI TEJA NAIDU1** AND MANOJ KUMAR BARNWAL2

Authors’ address: **1. Department of Plant Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University (BAU), Ranchi- Jharkhand, India
2. Department of Plant Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University (BAU), Ranchi- Jharkhand, India Mobile No.09431358373
Blast of rice caused by the heterothallic ascomycete fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae (Hebert) Barr. (anamorph: Pyricularia grisea Sacc.) is one
of the most devastating diseases of rice. Because of importance of the disease and the fact that pyricularia grisea is considered to be
notorious and model species causing significant reduction of yield considering the economic importance of the disease.The variability in
cultural characteristics of fifty isolates of P. grisea was collected from different areas of Jharkhand. On the basis cultural characteristics like
colony colour, growth pattern, sector formation, etc. All fifty isolates are divided into three groups viz., Group I included six isolates, group
II and III included eleven and thirty three isolates, respectively. Morphological variability of fifty isolates P. grisea was studied through the
morphology of conidia. Among the isolates, the size of the conidia ranged from 18.12 - 26.78 µm X 6.26 - 8.95 µm (Length X Width). The
shape of conidia was pyriform, two septate, and three celled but sometimes aseptate one celled which forms very rarely. Colour of conidia
was hyaline to pale olive with a distinct protruding basal hilum was observed. The germination of the conidia either from apical cell or basal
cell rarely in middle cell and sometimes from both apical and basal cells.
GNRSA-2020/148
BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.) FRUIT OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES
BRIJESH KUMAR*. R. P. SINGH. PRATIBHA SINGH R.N. KEWAT AND RAMESH. P. SINGH
Department of Agril. Biochemistry, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, UP
The present study entitled “Biochemical analysis of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit of different varieties” was conducted at
M.E.S., Vegetable Science and analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, N.D. University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Rabi season 2017-18. Ten varieties / germplasms of tomato namely NDTH-
90, NDTH-101, NDTH-108, Kalyanpur Selection-2, Kalyanpur Selection-3, Kalyanpur Selection-6, IIVR Selection-2, CO-3, Arka vikas and
Pusa Early Dwarf was undertaken to seek the effect of different stages in fruit i.e. ripening stage. Tomato varieties / germplasms with
successive ripeningstages were executed in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. In respect of tomato fruit have been
collected separately and used for analysis of biochemical parameters. In biochemical parameter were explored for the determined of total
soluble solid, total sugar content, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, lycopene, β carotene, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,
ascorbic acid, total mineral, total free amino acid, total acidity, polyphenol oxidase enzyme and peroxidase enzyme. The data obtained in the
experiment showed the highest total sugar (6.40 %) and non-reducing sugar (1.80 %) at ripening stage was found in variety CO-3. T.S.S.
content (4.83 %)at ripening stage was found in germplasms NDTH-101. and reducing sugar (4.77 %)at ripening stage was found in
germplasms Kalyanpur Selection-6, Maximum ascorbic acid (27.67 mg/100)at ripening stage was found in variety NDTH-101and total
mineral (0.80 mg/100g)at ripening stage was found in variety Arkavikas, total free amino acid (12.73 mg/100g) at ripening stage was found
maximum in germplasms Kalyanpur Selection-6. andtotal acidity (0.50 %) at ripening stage was found in variety Pusa Early Dwarf.
Maximum lycopene (4.93 mg/100g) at ripening stage was found in germplasms Kalyanpur Selection-6 and β carotene (1.50 mg/100g) at
ripening stage was found maximum in germplasms Kalyanpur Selection-3. Whereas, total chlorophyll (1.77 mg/100g)at ripening stage was
found maximum in germplasms NDTH-90 chlorophyll a& b (1.27, 0.58 mg/100g) at ripening stage was found maximum in
variety/germplasms NDTH-108 &Pusa Early Dwarf. Whereas, polyphenol oxidase (35.87 unit/mg) and peroxidase enzyme (1.80 unit/mg)
were found maximum in variety /germplasms Arka vikas& NDTH-108 at ripening stage. On the basis of overall observations varieties.
Activity of various antioxidant enzymes were observed maximum in NDTH-101andLycopene content was noticed highest inKalyanpur
Selection-6.
GNRSA-2020/149
PDNPS IMMOBILIZED PYRIDINIC-N DOPED CARBON: AN EFFICIENT HETEROGENEOUS NANOCATALYST IN THE
SYNTHESIS OF BENZYLIDENEMALONONITRILE AND ALSO TESTING OF CATALYST FOR PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
BUSHRA CHOWHAN, MONIKA GUPTA*

*Department of chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006
The synthesis of Pd-based immobilized N-doped carbon structure (Pd@NC) using carbohydrate as starting material. The material was
prepared by direct dehydration at 120 oC followed by mixing and heating with a dopant (ammonium oxalate) at 150 oC in a furnace. The
Pd@NC nanocatalyst containing electron-rich pyridinic-N doped carbon structure was thoroughly characterized by various techniques
namely SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, TGA and Raman spectroscopy. The utility of the Pd@NC nanocatalyst was explored for base-
free Knoevenagel under mild and greener conditions. Further, the optical property was explored using photoluminescence spectroscopy and
band gap was also calculated. The heterogeneous nature and stability of the catalyst facilitated by its ease of separation for long-term
performance and recycling studies showed that catalyst was robust and remained active even after six recycling experiments. Further, the
leaching of metal was confirmed by ICP-AES. The superiority of the catalyst can be attributed to the synergistic effect of metallic palladium
and pyridinic-N doped carbon to acquire base free catalytic activity. The synergism of N-dopant on the carbon structure and PdNPs produces
highly active sites for performance under mild conditions.
GNRSA-2020/150
EFFECT OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZERS ON MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE
MAX. (L.) MERRILL)
C. K. POTE, A. B. JADHAV, R. C. CHORE

Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani, MH
The experiment was conducted at instructional farm of Department of Agril. Botany College of Agriculture, Parbhani. During kharif season
2019-2020. The soil was typical black cotton having medium fertility and fairly good drainage. The land having uniform topography was
used to study the “Effect of liquid biofertilizers on morpho-physiology and yield attributes of soybean (Glycine Max. (L.) Merrill)”. The
experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications and six treatments. Various morphological traits, growth
parameters, yield and yield attributing characters and biochemical parameters were significantly affected due to different liquid biofertilizers.
The results of field experiment indicated that the morphological traits viz. plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight, days to
50% flowering and growth parameters leaf area index, RGR, NAR and CGR were significantly increased due to application of treatment T6
(RDF + Inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB + Sulphur oxidizing bacteria + Zinc solubilizers). Yield attributing characters viz. number of pods
per plant, test weight of seeds (g), seed yield kg/plot, seed yield qt/ha and harvest index significantly increased due to application of liquid
biofertilizers (RDF + Inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB + Sulphur oxidizing bacteria + Zinc solubilizers). The application of mixed liquid
biofertilizers recorded significantly highest seed yield of soybean cv. MAUS-612. Similarly biochemical or quality parameters also
significantly increased due to the application of treatment T6 (RDF + Inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB + Sulphur oxidizing bacteria + Zinc
solubilizers).
GNRSA-2020/151
EFFECT OF IBA ON SHOOTS AND ROOT PRODUCTION IN GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) PROPAGATION THROUGH
SOFTWOOD CUTTING CV. LUCKNOW49
C. RAJAMANICKAM
Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Research Institute, MADURAI – 625 104 (TAMIL NADU)
The study on the Influence of IBA on rooting of guava (Psidium guajava L.) through softwood cutting cv. Lucknow 49 was carried out under
mist chamber condition at college orchard, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 2019 –
20 with the aim to identify the best IBA concentration suitable for guava softwood cuttings. Nine levels of IBA viz., 250, 500, 1000, 1500,
2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 ppm concentrations were prepared and treated with softwood cutting as quick dip method. Guava var.
Lucknow – 49 used for this study. These cuttings were planted in polybags and kept under mist chamber for sprouting. The study was laid out
in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications. Observations on success percentage (%), days
taken for sprouting (days), number of leaves, shoot length (cm), root length (cm), root weight (g), number of roots per cutting and survival
percentage (%) were recorded and analysed statistically. The results revealed that cuttings treated with IBA solution of 3000 ppm (T6)
recorded the highest values of all the traits viz., success percentage (75.50 %), least number of days for sprouting (9.79 days), number of
leaves (43.52), shoot length (31.6 cm), root length (3.24 cm), root weight (2.1 g), number of roots (7.2) and survival percentage (1.85 g)
followed by T7 (4000 ppm of IBA), whereas the lowest value was found in cuttings treated with 250 ppm of IBA (T1) (54.26 %; 2 5.90 days;
2.8; 4.50 cm; 18.56; 0.68 g; 3.5; 40.58 %). From the present study it was concluded that IBA @ 3000 ppm (T6) treated softwood cuttings
recorded the highest values in all the traits and this is one of the alternate method of guava propagation for seedling multiplication.
Key words: Guava, soft wood cuttings, Propagation, IBA concentrations, quick tip method
GNRSA-2020/152
DRYING TECHNIQUESIN FLOWERS AND ORNAMENTALS
C.V. UPHADE, N.S. GUPTA, MANISHADESHMUKH AND N.G. RATHOD

Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture,
Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth,Akola (M.S.)
Floriculture business is expanding rapidly through-out the world. It has tremendous potential for export besides home consumption. Flowers
have always an integral part of man’s life. Dry flower industry is a leading unit of floriculture industry and shares71% of total floriculture
export. Drying process or dehydration means to dry something under artificially produces heat through controlled temperature, humidity and
air flow. Dry flowers in floriculture sector provides an excellent opportunity to increase farmers income throughout the year. Fresh flowers
through quite attractive,are very expensive and short lived as well as available only during a particular season.Netherlands rank first in export
of dried flowers to USA followed by Mexico, India, Colombia and Israel.The various flowers, leaves and other botanicals can be dried for
ornamentation and decoration purposes. Unlike fresh flowers that easily slack their charm and beauty, dried flowers are cheaper more lasting
and can be maintained from few months to years with a little or no care. Methods for drying of flowers and ornamentals are sun drying, air
drying, press drying, hot air oven drying, microwave oven drying, freeze drying and embedded drying these are the methods flower drying.
Rate of moisture loss and quality of produce also depends on methods of drying. Dried flowers can be utilized in the best manner for making
floral craft items, greeting cards and covers, wall hanging, floral designs, collages, bouquets and wreaths, topiaries, landscapes. Dry flowers
are essential export items both in India and International market.
Keywords: Drying, Ornamentation,Flowers, Microwave, Embedding, Moisture.
GNRSA-2020/153
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF ZURI (PANICUM MAXICUM CV. BRS ZURI) FODDER AT
DIFFERENT DAYS OF HARVEST
CH. RAMESH BABU, K. RAJA KISHORE*, D. SRINIVAS KUMAR AND K. ASWANI KUMAR
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University
Department of Animal Nutrition, NTR College of Veterinary Science
Gannavaram-521 102, A.P. India.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Zuri fodder at different days (15, 20, 25, 30
and 35) of harvest. Chemical composition revealed that per cent DM, OM, CP, EE, CF, TA, and NFE of Zuri fodder at different days (15, 20,
25, 30 and 35) of harvest were 13.39, 82.36, 16.95, 3.21, 18.44, 17.64 and 43.75; 14.11, 84.26, 16.88, 2.90, 22.13, 15.74 and 42.35; 15.24,
86.27, 14.47, 2.84, 27.41, 13.73 and 41.54; 16.16, 86.97, 12.81, 2.64, 31.37, 13.03 and 40.16 and 16.86, 87.33, 12.28, 2.42, 34.16, 12.67 and
38.47, respectively. Similarly, the per cent NDF, ADF, hemi-cellulose, cellulose, ADL and silica content of Zuri fodder at different days (15,
20, 25,30 and 35) of harvest were 63.02, 37.15, 25.87, 30.09, 3.75 and 3.32; 65.59, 38.84, 26.74, 31.00, 4.25 and 3.59;68.09, 41.04, 27.05,
32.18, 4.69 and 4.17; 71.12, 43.10, 28.01, 33.85, 4.93 and 4.32 and 73.85, 45.15, 28.70, 35.46, 5.18 and 4.51, respectively. The oxalate (%)
content of Zuri fodder was 2.96, 2.55, 2.23, 1.94 and 1.65 at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days of harvest, respectively. The in vitro dry matterand
organic matter digestibility (%) were 72.23, 68.18, 66.94, 64.86 and 59.13 and 78.46, 74.16, 73.41, 70.92 and 67.94, respectively, at 15, 20,
25, 30 and 35 days of harvest, respectively. The chemical composition and digestibility of Zuri fodder was better and comparable with other
Guinea varieties. It is concluded that, fodder harvested from 30-35 days proved better and safe for animal feeding with permissible level of
oxalate content and high digestible nutrients.
GNRSA-2020/154
BREEDING OF ORNAMENTAL CROPS FOR BIOTIC STRESS
CHANDER PRAKASH*1, KRISHAN PAL SINGH1, SAPNA PANWAR1 AND RITU JAIN1
1
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
Biotic stresses (diseases, pests and nematodes) cause significant loss in crop plants and management of biotic stresses not only increases the
cost of production but also has implications on environment and ecology. Increasing use of chemical agents for biotic stress management is
concern for growers, exporters and animal and human health. A wide variety of plant species are cultivated for ornamental use as cut flowers,
loose flowers, pot and garden plants. Improved disease resistance is often a high priority on the wish list of ornamental plant breeders. The
best method is to use resistant varieties which are economical, healthier and eco-friendly approach. The resistance breeding requires the
resistant source or donor which may be the same species, related species of same genera or family, or altogether an alien species. There is
need of recipient or target species and method of transfer of resistance. There are different approaches for breeding for resistance against
different kinds of stress which involve both conventional and modern tools. Intergeneric hybridization is an effective way of improving crop
resistance against biotic stresses. Intergeneric hybrids between Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Nannongxiaoli’ and Artemisia vulgaris
‘Variegata’ were more resistant against both aphid infestation and Alternaria leaf spot inoculation than the ‘Nannongxiaoli’ parent.
Conventional breeding strategies need identification of sources of disease resistant genes. Introgression of a single gene into a plant line
requires multiple back crossings which results in the reduced expression of the resistance. The development of gene identification and gene
transfer technologies have provided the opportunity for genetically engineering disease resistance into desirable cultivars without affecting
the quality. One of the most promising approaches amongst different strategies that are being adopted is the introduction of genes encoding
proteins that inhibit fungal growth. Introducing genes encoding potential Anti-fungal Proteins (AFPs) of diverse origin, such as chitinases
and/or gluconases, has been used for the control of several fungal pathogens. Plant chitinases are classified into seven classes (I–VII) based
on their primary structures and have been found in many species of higher plants exhibiting complex developmental and hormonal regulation.
Stable transgenic Lilium plants exhibiting differences in RCH10 chitinase expression showed enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen
Botrytis cinerea. Several approaches have been applied to develop genetically modified plants resistant to viruses or viroids. Viral sense or
anti sense RNAs have been frequently used to confer RNA interference mediated resistance to GM plants. Introduction of sense and antisense
RNA sequences of CSVd (Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid) resulted in GM chrysanthemum lines with very strong resistance against CSVd
infection.
GNRSA-2020/155
EFFECT OF SALINITY TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF TUBEROSE (POLIANTHES TUBEROSA) CV.
PRAJWAL
CHANDER PRAKASH1, KRISHAN PAL SINGH*1, SAPNA PANWAR1, RITU JAIN1, D.S. GURJAR2, SUDHIR KUMAR3AND
D.K. SHARMA4
1
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, 2Water Technology Centre, 3Division of Plant Physiology, 4Centre for Environment Science and
Climate Resilient Agriculture
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
Salinity is a worldwide problem affecting plant growth, yield and quality. In India, salt affected soils are source of concern in over 8.5 m ha
area and the potential soil salinity hazards is threatening another 27% land area. Saline soils extensively occur in Punjab, Haryana, West
Bengal, Maharashtra, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Tuberose, a member of family Agavaceae is an important
commercial ornamental bulbous flowering plant that originated in Mexico. Abiotic stresses such as high temperature and salt stress are major
factors which reduces crop productivity. In the present context, salinity is becoming a major challenge in India where availability of good
quality water is an important issue in wake of increasing population and urbanization. Therefore there is a great need for identification of
such tolerant plant genotypes that can be recommended for areas where irrigation with saline water or salinity of soil is an issue. Therefore, a
study was conducted at Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in which single
petalled tuberose cv Prajwal was irrigated with water of different salinity levels (2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dSm -1) along with control (best
available water) in order to evaluate for various vegetative and flowering parameters under salt stress. On irrigation with water of 4.0 dSm-1
salinity level the vegetative parameters like leaf number, leaf area, plant height were found to be 28.29, 76.07 cm 2 and 55.56 cm respectively.
Flowering parameters like floret number, floret diameter were 39.45, 3.98 cm respectively at 4.0 dSm -1 salinity level. It was concluded that
on irrigation with water of salinity level higher than 4 dS/m, all the vegetative and flowering parameters were reduced significantly. Relative
water content was also decreased with increase in salinity level.
GNRSA-2020/156
WASTEWATER USE IN HORTICULTURE: ISSUES AND STRATIGIES
CHANDER PRAKASH* AND KRISHAN PAL SINGH
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
Diminishing availability of good quality water due to climate change and escalating competition from other water use sectors renders
wastewater a valuable alternative source of irrigation water. Increasing wastewater volumes due to rapid urbanization and industrialization
makes wastewater a low-cost alternative to conventional irrigation water. Wastewater is a nutrient rich water resource that can be constantly
supplied for the mitigation of irrigation water imbalances in agriculture. Horticulture is ideal for conditions prevailing in urban areas as it is
characterized by high turn-over, high yield and good quality as well as flexible land use and production of several crops during one season.
Horticultural production provides more efficient land use by allowing substantial cropping in limited areas through production systems like
vertical cropping. In developing countries like India, the major issues associated with reuse of wastewater arise due to lack of its treatment.
As per Central Pollution Control Board (2009) estimates, the total wastewater generation from Class I cities (498) and Class II (410) towns in
India is around 35,558 and 2,696 million litre per day respectively. While, the installed sewage treatment capacity is just 11,553 and 233
million litre per day, respectively, therefore leading to a gap of 26,468 MLD in sewage treatment capacity. Use of untreated or inadequately
treated wastewater leads to negative impact on public health and environment. Enteric pathogens of viral, bacterial and parasitic (helminthic
and protozoan) origins can be found in wastewater and can be transmitted to farmers using the wastewater for irrigation. Wastewater
irrigation contributes to a higher incidence of soil transmitted helminths infection for vegetable farmers exposed annually. Long term
irrigation with saline wastewater may cause accumulation of salts within root zone which could cause decrease in the productivity of the soil,
leading to negative effects on tree reserves, fruit bearing capacity, plant vigor and eventually on yield of citrus. Long term irrigation with
saline wastewater in mandarin orchard resulted in significant reduction in crop fruit load and yield. Wastewater reuse resulted in damage to
soil structure and accumulation of Na and Cl in roots and leaves of grapefruits to toxic levels. Prior to defining appropriate management
strategies for wastewater reuse, the assessment of risks associated with wastewater need to be done. Quantitative microbiological risk
assessment (QMRA) is an essential component of risk management. It is a probabilistic modeling technique to estimate the magnitude of risk
under specific scenarios. QMRA model developed to estimate the burden of norovirus disease associated with the consumption of lettuce
irrigated with grey water revealed the disease loads of 4x10 -9 and 3x10-6 DALY per person for bath and washing water respectively and
therefore use of bath water was recommended over washing water for irrigation in lettuce. Strategies for managing health risks associated
with wastewater reuse include wastewater treatment to achieve appropriate microbiological quality guidelines, wastewater application
method and human exposure control. Long term application of water contaminated with heavy metals has increased the concentration of
heavy metals in the soil and therefore there is enhanced uptake of metals by the plants. This may cause harm to human health through food
chain contamination. A viable and remunerative alternative could be cultivation of non-edible crops, which prevent the entry of heavy metals
into the food chain. Among non-edible crops, floriculture plants are important type of higher plants that can be used for cultivation under
wastewater irrigation. Remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals is feasible with the cultivation of flower crops like tuberose,
dahlia, gladiolus. It has been reported that tuberose can be grown in soils contaminated with chromium to a level of 10 ppm. Tuberose
cultivars Arka Prajwal, Arka Shringar and Mexican Single had greater tolerance to cadmium and possessed the typical ability of Cd hyper
accumulator. Hydroponic system is identified as one of the alternative technology that can be integrated with wastewater treatment.
Suitability of hydroponic system for wastewater treatment is derived from its capacity to minimize associated health risks to farmers,
harvested crop and consumers, that may arise through contact with wastewater. Fruits and vegetables harvested from plants irrigated with
advanced tertiary treated wastewater have been found to be safe for consumption. Advanced tertiary treated wastewater is a safe and viable
option for the irrigation of strawberry crop without any negative impact on fruit quality and yield. Application of wastewater through drip
irrigation is the safest method for managing wastewater resources. For vegetable crop production under municipal wastewater irrigation, the
subsurface placement of drip irrigation laterals has the potential to reduce microbial incidence in both soil and produce.
GNRSA-2020/157
OAK FORESTS: A LIFELINE FOR LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF HIMALAYAN PEOPLE
CHANDER SHEKHAR1*, H. S. GINWAL1 AND AKHILESH MISHRA2
1
Division of Genetics and Tree improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
2
Division of forest protection, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248 006.
Quercus, an oak genus under the family Fagaceae, is a large group of hardwood trees with about 600 species. Globally, oak forests are
distributed in the northern temperate zone, subtropical and tropical Asia, and the Andes of South America. There are more than 35 species
reported from the Himalayan region. Oak is the dominant vascular plant of the Himalayas, ranging from the subtropical to the sub-alpine
zones and play an important role in restoration of ecosystem stability. The economical and ecological values of oak forests are generally
higher than those of other species associated with oak. Oaks in the Himalayan region are intimately linked with subsistence hill agriculture as
they protect soil fertility, watershed and local biodiversity. They also supply fodder, leaf litter, firewood and timber. Due to inaccessibility of
terrain, inhabitants of Himalayas are dependent mainly on the Himalayan natural resources for thousands of years. The replacement of oak by
Pinus has turn into a frequent and ever escalating phenomenon. Apart from these, oak forests in the Himalayas are dwindling due to lack of
regeneration, irregular seed production, defoliation, acorn predation and frequent fire incidences. Since plantation has not been successful, it
is important to manage natural forest more effectively. This can be done by implementing sustainable methods of lopping the trees for fodder,
removing an adequate number of old and dying trees to make the canopy more open, and controlling the population of cattle and wild animals
that damage seedlings through browsing and trampling.
Keywords: Quercus, Himalayas, inaccessibility, Ecosystem stability, Hill agriculture and lopping.
GNRSA-2020/158
POPLAR SCENARIO IN EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH AND ITS MARKET CHALLENGES
CHARLIE MISHRA*, ANITA TOMAR

Forest Research Centre for Eco-rehabilitation, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Poplar has traditionally been planted above 28 oN latitude in India in parts of Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh states of India.
Poplar has remained restricted to western Uttar Pradesh despite the fact a large area in eastern Uttar Pradesh is suitable for poplar cultivation.
Poplar cultivation has been taken up by few progressive farmers in the eastern Uttar Pradesh. However, systematic efforts are been made to
promote it further and fully exploit the potential of this agroforestry tree in eastern Uttar Pradesh area suitable for poplar cultivation.The
present cost of one poplar tree is approx. Rs. 1500 to 2000 . If a person plant more than 400 hundred Poplar tree per acre a farmer can earn
about 6 to 8 lakhs after 5 to 6 years of plantation. Previously sale of Poplar & Eucalyptus timber for farmers of the regions was the major
constraints. But under the project funded by Council of Science and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, a survey of wood based industries were
carried to find the markets for farmers and in year 2018, with authors continuous efforts a leading industry m/s Jai Maa Durga
Plywood/veneer industry at Raebareli was linked with farmers of Prayagraj district for sale of timber. Some farmers of the region got an
attractive return after selling of 6-7 year old trees of Poplar. The Industry owner is interested to purchase more timber of Poplar from farmers
of eastern U.P. This has created a new scenario amongst farmers of this area for adopting of poplar.
Key words: Poplar, cultivation, farmers, Agroforestry tree, industries
GNRSA-2020/159
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPORTED AND NON EXPORTED ONION
GROWERS IN AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT
CHAUDHARI S. A.1, D.S. PERKE2, A. V. MHETRE3

Department of Agricultural Economics, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
The present study was conducted to assess comparative Study of Socio Economic Characteristics of Exported and Non Exported
Onion Growers in Ahmednagar District. Onion is commercially important bulb crop. India produces a significant quantity enough to meet
the demands for both domestic consumption and export. The objectives of present investigation were to comparatively study the socio-
economic characteristics of onion growers in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. Multistage sampling design was adopted in selection of
district, tahsils, villages and onion growers. Ahmednagar district was purposively selected as district ranks second highest in area and
production in Maharashtra. In second stage Parner and Rahuri tahsils were selected purposively. Four villages were selected randomly from
each tehsil. So the data was collected from 96 onion growers out of which 48 were exportable onion growers and 48 were non-exportable
onion growers through pre-tested interview schedules for the year 2019-20. The young farmers (20 to 35 years) were major group of
exportable onion growers. The exportable onion growers were more educated than the non-exportable onion growers having literacy rate 100
and 93.75 per cent, respectively. The average family size in exportable onion growers was 5.5 and in non-exportable was seen 4.9. Mostly
onion growers had agriculture as a whole occupation. The total land holding under exportable and non-exportable onion growers were 171
hectares and 90.1 hectares while the total area under rabi onion was 79.4 hectares and 40.7 hectares, respectively. Cropping intensity of
exportable onion farm was 189.34 per cent and non-exportable farm was 236.74 per cent.
Key words: Onion, socio-economic, exportable and non exportable
GNRSA-2020/160
A REVIEW ON USE OF NEEM EXTRACTS IN CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES (AZADIRACHTA INDICA)
CHAVA VINAY KUMAR1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab
2
The present review paper is focused on control of plant diseases by using neem kernel extract. Since so many years farmers are using neem
extract for the control of pest and diseases in plants in atharvanaveda they stated that that neem effectively works on control of diseases. It
controls many seed borne and soil borne pathogens. It effectively works on control of early blight and wilt of tomato and seed borne diseases
of cowpea. Powdery mildew disease will be controlled by using neem kernel extract. The Neem is having many medicinal properties in
Ayurveda (the ancient book of medicine) which states neem as kalpa vriksha. The aqueous extract of neem and oil will be effective on
controlling the soil borne pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, Alterneria solani, Sclerotium rolfsi, wilt and rot in gram.
Key words: neem extract, powdery mildew, Fusarium oxysporum, seed borne, Alterneria solani, early blight, wilt, Ayurveda.
GNRSA-2020/161
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROWTH HORMONES AND THEIR CONCENTRATIONS DURING MICROPROPAGATION ON
THE QUALITY OF FRUITS IN PLANTAIN (MUSA PARADISIACA L.) CV. KOVVURBONTHA OBTAINED DURING FIELD
EVALUATION
1
CHETANCHIDAMBAR N MANGALORE*, 2DR. D. SRI HARI, 3DR. B.V.K. BHAGAVAN, 4DR. SALOMISUNEETA, 5DR. K.
UMA KRISHNA,
Dr. YSR Horticultural University, Andhra Pradesh.
Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the important fruit crops of the tropics. The fruits are rich source of carbohydrate and energy. Plantain is a
cheap source of energy like vitamins A, C, B6 and other minerals with traces of fat. The plantlets were developed using different
concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), benzyleaminoprine (BAP), and Kinetin were tested against the conventional planting material for
quality of the fruits like TSS, acidity, TSS:acidity content, starch and sugar content. The result showed that the highest TSS (7.03 Obrix),
acidity (1.04%), starch (77.25%) and sugar (3.44%) when the plantlets were obtained from the T7 (Plantlets from T7 of micropropagation
experiment where the plantlets were developed on the media added with 7.5 mgL -1 of Kinetin). It was concluded that quality of banana fruits
was good when the plants were obtained from the media added with 7.50 mgL -1 of Kinetin.
Key words: starch, acidity, TSS, TSS:acidity, hormone, growth regulators
GNRSA-2020/162
PRE AND POST EVALUATION OF DIRECT ANTIGEN COATING - ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNO SORBENT ASSAY (DAC-
ELISA) FOR THE DETECTION OF BBRMV AND CMV IN MICRO-PROPAGATION OF BANANA
1
CHETANCHIDAMBAR N MANGALORE*, 2DR. D. SRI HARI, 3DR. B.V.K. BHAGAVAN, 4DR. SALOMI SUNEETA, 5DR. K.
UMA KRISHNA, 6DR. K. RAVINDRA KUMAR
Dr. YSR Horticultural University, Andhra Pradesh.
Plantains (Musa spp.)cv. Kovvur Bontha are one of the largest fruit crops produced mostly by the developing countries in the tropical and
subtropical regions. Major propagule in banana cultivation is its vegetative suckers and the availability of uniform and disease-free suckers is
the main problem faced by the farmers. The use of tissue culture planting material solved this problem to a greater extent by giving uniform
growth and production. But there is no assurance for disease free material. Direct Antigen Coating Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
(DAC-ELISA) was serological method to detect the presence of viral proteins. The main principle of DAC-ELISA is the detection of
presence of viral protein through interaction between antigen from the coat protein with the rabbit anti-bodies. The out come of the
experiment shows that after eradication of the viral infected material at early stage will help in the production of viral free planting material.
DAC-ELISA was the cheapest and easiest method to detect the virus so that we can get the good and disease-free planting material.
Key words: DAC-ELISA, banana, Kovvur Bontha, BBrMV, and CMV.
GNRSA-2020/163
STUDYING THE DIFFERENCE IN EFFECTIVENESS OF POST HARVEST CHEMICAL TREATMENT ON STORABILITY
OF BROCCOLI VAR. AISHWARYA IN ROOM CONDITION
CHINGTHAM CHANBISANA* AND A. K. BANIK1

1
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal-741252
A research work was conducted in the departmental laboratory of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Bidhan Chandra
Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur on the effectiveness of post harvest chemical treatments on broccoli var. Aishwarya harvested from the
Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri. Harvested broccoli were brought in plastic crates and room cooled for few hours and trimmed and
treated with freshly prepared solution of benzyl adenine (BA) at 50ppm and 25ppm for 10min, hot water at 48 ºC and 45 ºC for 4 min,
Salicylic acid at 1000ppm and 500ppm for 10 min, calcium hypochlorite at 10 min and control. After the treatment, they were given a gentle
shake and surface dried and packed in polyethylene bags of 150 gauge. During the storage period, the physicochemical analysis were taken
regarding chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids (TSS), physiological loss in weight (PLW), sensory analysis for colour,
smell, texture and browning as well as yellowing % and amount of fungal decay along with marketability. The minimum water loss and no
yellowing without any sign of fungal decay was reported in BA 50ppm. The highest marketability was also reported in broccoli treated with
BA 50ppm while the minimum desirable parameters were visible in the control during the 4 days storage period.. Hence BA treatment with
higher concentration gave the highest desirable parameters among the various postharvest treatment performed in the room condition.
Keywords: Ascorbic acid, Benzyl adenine, chlorophyll, fungal decay, marketability, salicylic acid.
GNRSA-2020/164
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGUS-GROWING ANT IN CONTROLLING THE GARDEN PARASITES
CHUNNI KUMARI1AND SHAH NIVEDITA2

1
IGKV, Raipur, Chhattishgarh, 492012, India
2
JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482004, India
Social insects have a high risk of parasitism due to the high density and genetic homogeneity of individuals in colonies, thus they have
developed a range of defensive mechanisms. Fungus-growing ants provide their fungal cultivar with substrate for growth and, in return, the
fungus serves as the ants' main food source (Weber 1972). The obligate nature of this symbiosis requires the ants to protect both themselves
and their fungal mutualist from parasites. The healthy fungus garden is constantly threatened by microbes inhabiting the soil and substrates
collected to manure the cultivar. To separate new gardens from soil, queens use hygienic strategies during nest construction (Fernandez-
Marin et al. 2004). The fungus garden is also threatened by parasitic fungi in the genus Escovopsis (Ascomycota, Hypocreales), infections of
which can be lethal if not controlled properly. (Currie et al. 1999a). To defend against Escovopsis infection, fungus-growing ants have a
mutualistic association with filamentous bacteria (Actinomycete) housed on the ants' cuticle that produce antibiotics that specifically
inhibit Escovopsis (Currie et al. 1999b). Actinomycetes in infrabuccal pellets explains the absence of viable Escovopsis and antibiotics
produced by actinomycetes in the infrabuccal pocket kill Escovopsis spores. Fungus-growing ants actively distinguish between viable and
non-viable spores of Escovopsis, suggesting that the ants may recognize a secondary metabolite produced by Escovopsis, perhaps related to
germination.
Key Words: Fungus-growing ants, mutualism, actinomycete, Escovopsis, garden parasite.
GNRSA-2020/165
ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS FOR GREEN COB YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN SWEET CORN (ZEA MAYS L. SSP.
SACCHARATA) HYBRIDS
D. CHOUHAN*, R. B. DUBEY, R. P. SINGH, S. KUMAR, P. CHOUDHARY AND D. SINGH

Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur- 313001
The study was carried out to estimate heterosis for green cob yield and quality traits in sweet corn hybrids (Zea mays L. Ssp. saccharata).
Forty five hybrids using line x tester mating design were developed, which along with their eighteen parents and three checks (Priya, Madhuri
and Sugar-75) were evaluated at three locations during kharif 2019 and rabi 2019-20, in randomized block design. Estimation of heterosis
over the best check (sugar-75), mid parent and better parent was done on pooled basis for twelve characters. Estimates for mid parent
heterosis were found positively significant for 42 hybrids for green cob yield over the environments, with hybrid L 8 x T3 (354.12 %)
exhibiting maximum and positively significant heterosis for the green cob yield. Hybrid L 3 x T1 in E1 and E2 (374.48 and 445.02 %,
respectively) and L8 x T3 (413.55 %) in E3 reported highest significant relative heterosis for green cob yield. For the green cob yield, on
pooled basis hybrid L8 x T3 (280.33 %) exhibited maximum better parent heterosis. Further, hybrids L 3 x T1 (374.48 %), L1 x T3 (388.87 %)
and L8 x T3 (338.62 %) in E1, E2 and E3, respectively were identified exhibiting maximum and positively significant hybrid vigour over the
better parent. Over the best check Sugar-75 on pooled basis, highest and significantly positive economic heterosis was exhibited by the sweet
corn hybrid L3 x T1 (39.39 %).
Key words: Sweet corn, green cob yield, heterosis, TSS.
GNRSA-2020/166
IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTION PARAMETERS FOR EVALUATING SUPERIOR HYBRID RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
D. N. SINGH* AND EKHLAQUE AHMAD

Zonal Research Station (Birsa Agricultural University), Chianki, Palamau-822102
Rice is an important staple cereal crop of India as well for Jharkhand. The farmers of this region cultivate the rice for their livelihood. So,
there is a need to enhance productivity per unit area for their need and income generation. To fulfill the requirement of the farmers, it is
essential to identify best suitable high yielding hybrid rice genotypes. The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 at Zonal Research
Station, Chianki (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi), Palamau. Forty four popular rice hybrids were studied to find out suitable genetic
parameters for evaluation of an elite rice hybrid. A wide spectrum of variability was observed for all the characters studied. High genotypic
coefficient of variation was observed for grains/panicle followed by test weight, grain yield and tillers/ plant. High heritability percent was
observed for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, grains/ panicle, test weight and grain yield and they had high positive significant
association with grain yield whereas plant height, panicles/ sq. m and tillers/ plant showed positive significant correlation with grain yield at
genotypic level. High positive direct effect was noted for test weight followed by grains/panicle, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and
plant height. Based on the results of the present study on correlation and path analysis, the characters i.e. grains/ panicle, test weight, days to
50% flowering and days to maturity influenced the grain yield either directly or indirectly in hybrid rice for improving the grain yield.
Key words: Hybrid Rice, Variability, correlation, path analysis
GNRSA-2020/167
MEAN PERFORMANCE OF PARENTS AND HYBRIDS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS
IN RIDGE GOURD (LUFFA ACUTANGULA (L.) ROXB.)
D. SRIKANTH*1, C. VENKATA RAMANA2, G. KRANTHI REKHA3, D. RATNA BABU4, K. UMAKRISHNA5 AND L. NARAM
NAIDU6
1,3&6
Department of Vegetable Science, 5Department of Statistics, College of Horticulture, 2Horticultural Research Station, Lamfarm, Guntur,
Dr. Y. S. R. H. U., Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh, 534101
4
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, APGC, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
The present investigation was carried out to know the mean performance of parents and hybrids for growth and yield attributing traits in ridge
gourd at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, during 2018-19. The experimental material consisted of ten parental lines viz.,
VRG-11, VRG-23, VRG-24, VRG-25, Swarna Manjari, Arka Prasan, VRG-13, VRG-14, VRG-15 and VRG-16 and crossed in diallel fashion
excluding reciprocals during Rabi, 2018. The resultant 45 F1 hybrids along with ten parents and two checks were evaluated in randomized
block design with two replications with spacing of 1.2 x 1.0 m during Summer, 2019. Among the ten parents used for study VRG-11, Swarna
Manjari, VRG-13 and VRG-24 were high yielding of 3.31, 2.61, 2.49 and 1.66 kg per vine, respectively. The hybrids VRG-24 x VRG-13 ,
VRG-24 x VRG-16, Swarna Manjari x Arka Prasan and Swarna Manjari x VRG-16 recorded highest yield of 4.83, 4.25, 3.80 and 3.78 kg per
vine, respectively in ridge gourd. Based on their mean performance parents can be used for further breeding programmes and hybrids could
be exploited for cultivation.
Keywords: Ridge gourd, Mean performance, Breeding programmes, Yield, Quality.
GNRSA-2020/168
BIO CHEMICAL QUALITY OF TUBERS AS INFLUENCED BY PLANTING TIME, SPACING AND NUTRITION LEVELS IN
POTATO CV. KUFRI SURYA
D.THIRUPAL1, G. RAMANANDAM2, K. UMA JYOTHI3, K. UMAKRISHNA4, R. V. SUJATHA5, M. PARATPARA RAO6 AND

A.V.D. DORAJEE RAO7
1,2,3,7
Dept. of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari (Dt.)-A.P, India
The field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at College farm, College of Horticulture, VR Gudem, West
Godavari Distract of AP. There were 18 treatments consisting of 3 factors viz., 3 planting dates (D1:Oct-15th, D2:Nov-1st and D3:Nov-16th), 2
plant spacings (S1:60x20 cm, S2:75x20 cm) with 3 NPK doses (F1:120:60:150, F2:160:80:200 and F3: 200:100:250 kg ha-1). Treatments were
laid in Factorial RBD with replicated thrice. The objective is to study the effect of planting time, spacing and NPK levels on quality potato.
As per pooled results, quality characters viz., TSS, protein, ascorbic acid, starch, tuber dry matter, specific gravity, reducing, total and non-
reducing sugars were recorded in November 1 st planting (D2). Among the spacings, wider spacing of 75x20 cm (S 2) was recorded the superior
values for most of the tuber quality parameters while spacing showed non-significant effect on TSS. NPK level F2 (160N:80P:200K kg ha-1)
recorded the highest values for all the quality parameters except protein content whereas NPK level F 3 (200N:100P:250K kg ha-1) noticed the
maximum protein content. All the two way treatment interactions were found to be non-significant whereas in case of three way interactions
were found to be significant for the most of the quality parameters. D 2S2F2 combination proved as a best in most of the quality parameters.
Key words: TSS, protein, starch, dry matter planting time, spacing, NPK levels, quality and sugars.
GNRSA-2020/169
EFFECT OF NPK LEVELS AND MICRONUTRIENT WITH AND WITHOUT LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER ON SOIL HEALTH
AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) CROP
DALAVI. V. M., NARENDRA SWAROOP, ARUN ALFRED DAVID, TARENCE THOMAS

Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Naini Agricultural Institute (NAI), SHUATS, Prayagraj, U. P. India
The study pertaining to the present topic under field investigation is entitled “Effect of NPK Levels and Micronutrient with and without
Liquid Biofertilizer on Soil Health and yield attributes of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Crop. In Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh” for the two
consecutive years, beginning from Kharif seasons 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural
Chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh. The excavated soil
sample from experimental site before conducting research operation, mentioned that, the land topography range was nearly leveled with 1-3%
slope, soil is of sandy loam texture with neutral to alkaline in reaction (6.8), electrical conductivity was non-saline (0.25 dSm-1) in nature, low
organic carbon content (0.319%), low to medium available N (151 kg ha -1), available P (14.8 kg ha-1) and available K (200.3kg ha-1). Among
nineteen treatments, during field experimentation, the conjunctive use of seed inoculation with Azotobacter sp. and PSB sp. and different
NPK-levels, together come with best results significantly. However, the growth factors including pre-harvest parameters which was observed
at 40, 80 and 120 DAS, days taken to opined significantly highest in treatment (T1 9) 140:80:50 NPK kg ha-1 + Zn (20 kg ha-1) and Mn (25
kg ha-1) + Azotobacter (200 ml ha-1)+ PSB (200 ml ha-1) and 100- seed test weight (41.96 gm) which ultimately gave the highest cumulative
mean of grain yield (62.79 kg ha-1), straw yield (93.52 kg ha-1), biological yield (156.22 kg ha-1), percent harvest index 40.13%), NPK uptake
in maize grain (74.20 kg ha-1, 21.79 kg ha-1 and 24.38 kg ha-1) and straw (37.88 kg ha-1, 10.83 kg ha-1 and 102.76 kg ha-1 ), percent nutrient
content in maize grain (1.91 %, 0.63 % and 0.71%) and straw (0.67 %, 0.29 % and1.60 %), net returns of 93,673 (Rs ha -1), wider B:C ratio
(1:2.72) as compared to rest of treatments. Significantly, with regard to physical soil parameters, cumulative mean value for percent water
stable aggregates (54.22 %), percent pore space (74.32 %), particle density (2.65 Mg m -3) and percent maximum water holding capacity
(70.45 %) was increased with reduced bulk density (1.11 Mg m -3) and chemical soil parameters with cumulative mean of low soil pH (6.82),
low electrical conductivity (0.37 dSm-1), high cation exchange capacity (16.37 cmol (p +) kg-1), less free lime content (13.55 %), high
available N (262.12 kg ha-1), high available P (21.75 kg ha-1), high available K (220.51 kg ha-1), high available S (32.57 kg ha-1), available Zn
(1.79 mg kg-1) available Mn (3.77 mg kg-1), and biological soil properties with cumulative mean of dehydrogenase enzyme activity (1.49 µg
TPF g-1 day-1), alkaline phosphatase activity (186.35 µg p NP g -1 hr-1) and microbial biomass carbon (37.59 gm kg -1) was labeled in
organically amended treatment (T9) 140:80:50 NPK kg ha-1 + Zn (20 kg ha-1) and Mn (25 kg ha-1) + Azotobacter (200 ml ha-1)+ PSB (200
ml ha-1)
Key words: Maize crop, Azotobacter and PSB sp., NPK and soil properties
GNRSA-2020/170
ROLE OF PRE- BREEDING IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
DALIP*1, SARFRAZ AHMAD2, RAJWANTI SARAN3 AND SHIVAM MAURYA4

1,2,3
Dept. of Plant Breeding and Genetics, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan-303029, India.
4
Dept. of Plant Pathology, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan-303029, India.
The narrow genetic base of agriculture today is apparent a threat to food security and nutrition. Modern agriculture practices becomes the
serious threat to our rich biodiversity, as the genetically uniform modern varieties are replacing the highly diverse local cultivars and
landraces in traditional agro-ecosystems, resulted in increased genetic vulnerability of the cultivars for pests and diseases. In addition to this
changing climate also demands for the search for new genes/traits for better adaptation. Thus, increased genetic uniformity, evolving pest and
pathogen populations, climate change and increased demand for food and nutrition necessitates the identification and utilization of diverse
germplasm sources to develop new high-yielding cultivars with a broad genetic base. Pre-breeding provides a unique opportunity, through
the introgression of desirable genes from wild germplasm into widely adopted genetic backgrounds. Pre-Breeding is defined as transferring of
useful genes from exotics or wild (unadapted sources) types into agronomical acceptable background / breeding material. It is the most
promising alternative to link genetic resources and breeding programmes. Further, linkage drag associated with utilizing wild relatives makes
the pre-breeding activities much more cumbersome. Genomic-assisted pre-breeding will help to overcome the linkage drag and will facilitate
focused transfer of useful genes/segments from wild relatives for genetic enhancement.
Key words: Pre-breeding, Genetic resources, Linkage drag and Genetic enhancement.
GNRSA-2020/171
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF TEA MOSQUITO BUG, HELOPELTIS ANTONII SIGNORET (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON
CASHEW
DAMASIA D. M.,1* PATEL Z. P.2 AND MAKVANA A. I.3

1
Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai-394 730Dist- The Dangs, Gujarat, India,
2
Vice-Chancellor, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India,
3
Assistant Professor, Polytechnic in Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Paria-396 145Dist- Valsad, Gujarat, India,
Helopeltis antoniiSignoret is an important pest of cashew causing significant economic damage in India.Biology of H. antonii was studied
under laboratory conditions on cashew.The length and breadth of freshly laid eggs were measured as 1.15 ± 0.05 mm and 0.36 ± 0.02 mm,
respectively. The incubation period of eggs was ranged from 8 to 11 days and hatchability of eggs found as 65.18 ± 5.77 per cent. Nymphs
passed through five instars. Total nymphal duration was 13.20 ± 1.04 days. The sex ratio (Female:Male) was calculated as 1 :0 .3 9 . Pre-
oviposition, oviposition and post oviposition period were 2.88 ± 0.83, 6.40 ± 1.41 and 2.80 ± 0.96 days, respectively. Fecundity of the female
recorded as 29.64 ± 5.65 eggs/female. Longevity of female was 12.08 ± 1.71 days, while that of male was 9.20 ± 1.66 days. Total life cycle
of female completed in 29 to 37 days and that of male in 28 to 33 days.
Key words: Biology, cashew, Helopeltis antonii,tea mosquito bug
GNRSA-2020/172
FIRST REPORT OF THE OCCURRENCE OF FALL ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (J.E. SMITH) ON FINGER
MILLET (ELEUSINE CORACANA GAERTN) IN GUJARAT, INDIA
DAMASIA D. M.,1* PASTAGIA J.J.2 AND KACHELA H. R.3

1
Assistant professor 2 Principal 3Agriculture officer
College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai-394 730, Dist- The Dangs, Gujarat, India
A study was conducted to identify the new invasive pest infesting finger millet in Gujarat, India. During the field visit in the month of
September 2020, finger milletcrops in experimental plots of Hill Millet Research Station, Rajendrapur farm, Waghai, the Dangs, Gujarat
found infested with new invasive pest. Damage per cent during second week of October in different villages of the Dangs ranged from 26.22
to 46.82 per cent. Larvae were collected and brought to the laboratory of Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Navsari
Agricultural University, Waghai for identification and further study. Based on morphological characterization, the pest is identified as fall
armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and it is the first confirmed report of occurrence of new invasive pest in finger millet crops
of Gujarat, India.
Keywords: Finger millet, invasive pest, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
GNRSA-2020/173
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT, LEAF AREA AND
YIELD OF MAIZE
DATTA R. CHAMLE
Department of Botany, Sharda Mahavidyalaya, Parbhani - 431401 (M.S.), India
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Crotalaria weed manures along with inorganic fertilizers on chlorophyll content, leaf area
and yield of maize. A field experiment was conducted at Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad with six treatments
and four replicates. The six treatments were green manure (GM), compost (CM), vermicompost (VM), dry leaf manure (DM), chemical
fertilizers (FE) and control (CO). The observations were recorded at 101 days after sowing (DAS). Based on the results, it is cleared that the
application of compost (CM) was more effective in increasing the chlorophyll content, leaf area and yield of maize.
Keywords: Crotalaria manures, fertilizers, chlorophyll, leaf area, yield, maize
GNRSA-2020/174
STANDARDIZATION OF GROWING CONDITIONS, NUTRITION AND CULTURAL OPERATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE
OF MOTHER PLANTS IN MARIGOLD (TAGETES ERECTAL.) DURING SUMMER SEASON
DAVENDRA KUMAR1, SAPNA PANWAR1, KANWAR PAL SINGH1, NAMITA1, AKSHAYTALUKDAR2 AND SUDHIR
KUMAR3
1
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, 2Division of Genetics,
3
Division of Plant Physiology
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi–110012
Marigold (Tagetes spp.) is one of the most important commercial loose flower crops belongs to Asteraceae family. It is grown world over and
are highly valued for their spectacular flowers, brilliant colours and delightful appearance and is endowed with large spectrum of commercial
potentialities in medicinal and industrial sector. The present investigation was carried out to optimize the growing conditions, nutrition and
cultural operations for maintenance of mother plants during summer season. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design
(CRD) during summer season (2018-19) which consisted of thirteen treatments and three replications. Four petalous male sterile genotypes of
marigold viz. Arka Agni, Arka Bangara-2, Bidhan Marigold-1 and Bidhan Marigold-2 were used in the present study. The results showed
that treatment (T13)-Shade net (75%) + Foliar spray (NPK 19:19:19) + 3 rd pinching performed as best treatment among all the genotypes for
the parameters viz. days to bud initiation, plant height, plant spread, primary number of branches, secondary number of branches, stem
diameter, internodal length and chlorophyll content. The maximum days taken for bud initiation was recorded as 76.40, 76.33, 79.60, 79.97
days and plant spread was recorded as 21.33, 21.79, 26.31, 28.36 cm for the genotypes Arka Agni, Arka Bangara-2, Bidhan Marigold-1 and
Bidhan Marigold-2 respectively. Similarly it recorded maximum number of primary and secondary branches (4.33, 12.92), (4.62, 13.03),
(5.50, 13.01), (5.31, 13.08) for the genotypes Arka Agni, Arka Bangara-2, Bidhan Marigold-1 and Bidhan Marigold-2 respectively. Likewise
maximum stem diameter was recorded as 1.19, 1.36, 1.36, 1.38 cm and chlorophyll content was recorded as 48.80, 50.10, 50.24, 49.42 for the
genotypes Arka Agni, Arka Bangara-2, Bidhan Marigold-1 and Bidhan Marigold-2 respectively. The minimum plant height was recorded as
25.15, 25.87, 29.73, 31.93 cm and internodal length was recorded as 2.02, 2.17, 1.97,1.99 cm for the genotypes Arka Agni, Arka Bangara-2,
Bidhan Marigold-1 and Bidhan Marigold-2 respectively.
GNRSA-2020/175
ROLE OF GREEN ECONOMY IN AGRICULTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL (SDG)
DAVID CHELLA BASKAR1, AMIT TOMAR2VIJAY KUMAR MISHRA3

Assistant Professor, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Jhansi, UP, India
Teaching Associate, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Jhansi, UP, India
Teaching Cum Research Associate, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Jhansi, UP, India
Our economy persists into a system where the linear model of production and consumption. However, this engulf is weakening under the
pressure of several powerful disruptive trends. The attention has to be taken advantage of this favourable alignment of economic,
technological, and social factors in order to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. Circularity is making inroads into the linear
economy and has moved beyond the proof of concept; the challenge we face now is to mainstream the circular economy, and bring it to scale.
The circular economy has been gaining traction with business, environment and government leaders alike. Their Intuition is captured by the
opportunity to gradually decouple economic growth from resource inputs, motivate innovation, increase growth, and create more robust
employment. If we transit to a circular economy, the impact will be felt across society widely. The slider below illustrates some of the
potential macroeconomic benefits of shifting to a circular economy. The shift to a circular economy brings with it various dynamics of
progress and innovation that reconcile the environment and the economy. The benefits for the economy in terms of creating wealth, new
business, jobs and innovations are a reality. The green economy sector is estimated to have the potential for 300,000 additional jobs, some of
which would be new jobs or involve new business models. The potential benefits of shifting to a circular economy extend beyond the
economy and into the natural environment. By designing out waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating
rather than degrading natural systems, the circular economy represents a powerful contribution to achieving global climate targets. The green
economy could result in a reduction of primary material consumption (i.e. automobiles, construction materials, real estate, synthetic
fertilizers, pesticides, agriculture water use, fuels, and non-renewable electricity by 32 per cent by 2030. Most of these jobs are regional,
permanent and not relocatable. It is about an industrial policy that aims to enhance the value addition associated with recycling operations
nationwide, to support the upgrading of national production and to position companies among the global leaders in the circular economy. For
companies, these are innovations for the eco-design of products and long-term gains in competitiveness, particularly in the field of plastics,
which require major improvements. Digital technology also represents an opportunity for the transition to a circular economy, particularly by
enabling networking, access to information and data for citizens, support for decision-making and the production of new services.
Key words: Green Economy, agriculture, environment, sustainability.
GNRSA-2020/176
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: A TOOL FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
*DAVINDER SINGH1, SURENDER SINGH DHANKHAR1, KARAMVIR KAUR2

1
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
2
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Developing crops that are better adapted to most of the environmental stresses is important for food production in many parts of the world
today. Climatic changes and its varialibity, specifically extreme temperatures and variation in amount of rainfall, are expected to make crop
improvement even more crucial for food production. The basic key for the stated purpose is various biotechnological approaches and their
integration with conventional breeding to develop crops that are more tolerant to environmental stresses. One or two genes can be
incorporated into the cultivars of certain crops to enhance the yield traits and reduce susceptibility to environmental stresses. The first
genetically modified food product was tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) which was transformed to improve the shelf life of tomato fruit.
Agriculture biotechnology focuses on reducing the dependence of farmers on agrochemicals. Seventy-seven percent of the transgenic crops
were developed for herbicide tolerance in soybean, corn, and cotton, 15% were Bt crops for insect resistance, and 8% were developed with
genes for both insect resistance and herbicide tolerance in cotton and corn. A gene from a species of Arabidopsis, At-DBF2 was incorporated
into tomato and tobacco cells to withstand environmental stresses like salt, drought, cold and heat. Modern biotechnology is being used to
develop the required vaccines. Banana trees and tomato plants have been genetically engineered to produce vaccines. A purple tomato has
been developed that contains a cancer-fighting compound and have high levels of antioxidants. So, to develop better crops that have high
yield, more shelf life, withstand environmental stresses and have high nutritional value is the significant aspect of biotechnology. Crops
developed with biotechnology must have a significant role in the world's future.
Keywords: Agrochemicals, biotechnology, crops, environmental stresses, shelf-life
GNRSA-2020/177
DRYING KINETICS OF GINGER IN MICROWAVE PRE-HEATING AND HOT AIR TEMPERATURE DRYING
DEEKSHA THAKUR
M. Tech, CAE, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P)
To research about the drying kinetics of ginger in microwave pre-heating and hot air temperature drying, some microwave preheating
experiments in180 W power level and hot airoven drying at3different temperature levels.The process of pre- heating build up vapour pressure
inside ginger so when ginger were transferred to hot air oven drying it gave additional advantage of faster removal of water throughout whole
drying process. Ginger was heated by microwave oven at 180 W for 3,6 and 9 min and final drying done by hot airoven at 60,70 & 80℃.
Result indicate that the ginger pre-heated by microwave for 9min they require less time for drying as compare 3 & 6min at the same hot air
oven temperature. The depliction in moisture content was slowest for the sample with 3min microwave pre-heating and fastest for the sample
with 9min microwave pre-heating at the same hot air temperature. The drying rate increases with the increase in drying air temperature. The
drying rate depends upon the shape and size of ginger and also pre-heating level and temperature of hot air oven. Therefore, microwave
power level has an important and positive effect on the drying rates. It can be observed from the work moisture ratio decrease with drying
time. It was found the microwave pre-heating time and hot air oven temperature decrease the volume of dried ginger sample and inversely
increase the value of bulk density.
GNRSA-2020/178
TRANSFORMATION AND REGENERATION OF MAGNAPORTHEORYZAE
DEEP SHIKHA TYAGI1*, DR. ASIS DUTTA2, DR. DHARMENDRA BHATT2, DR. AJAY KUMAR PANDEY1
1
Agribiotechnology department, NABI (National Agriculture- Food Biotechnology Institute), Mohali-Punjab, 140308
2
NIPGR (National Institute of Plant Genomic Research), New Delhi,110012.
Rice blast disease caused by filamentous fungus Magnaportheoryzae, an ascomyceteous fungus is the most destructive pathogen of rice
worldwide, the fungus attacks rice plants at all development stages and can infect leaves, stems, nodes and panicles. Yield loss due to the
blast disease, can be as high as 50% when the disease occurs in epidemic proportions. The ability to culture M. oryzae away from its host
plant in vitro, combined with its high genetic tractability, has made the rice blast fungus an important model organism for studying plant
pathogen interactions. Fungal Transformation is an essential tool for modern fungal research and has played a fundamental role in gaining
insight into gene function. There are many techniques that are used for insertional mutagenesis, the widely used PEG mediated protoplast
transformation is the most efficient technique for insertional mutagenesis. Here we have developed the knockout for M. oryzae, MoGig1 gene
by replacing the functional copy with the gene replacement cassette through homologous recombination. The recombination plasmid DNA
pGRGIG1 having around 1kb 5'upstream/3'downstream region of MoGig1 gene of M. oryzaeand 1.4kb hygromycin phosphotransferase
resistance gene cassette (Hph), cloned in pGEMT-Easy vector was isolated from E. colicells. Isolated plasmid DNA pGRGIG1 was digested
with Not 1 restriction endonuclease to release 3.4kb MoGig1 gene replacement cassette, to be used for protoplast transformation. Protoplast
isolated from M. oryzaeWT strain were transformed with 3.4kb MoGig1 gene replacement cassette, through PEG mediated transformation
technique. Putative transforments obtained through homologous recombination, were than screen for the presence of gene replacement
cassette by using genomic DNA PCR and Southern hybridization, confirming the replacement of wild type allele of MoGig1 with the gene
replacement cassette.
Keywords: Plasmid isolation, Genomic DNA PCR, PEG mediated Transformation.
GNRSA-2020/179
UTILIZATION OF WILD FRUITS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NUTRITIOUS AND VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS
DEEPA SAINI, NEHA RAWAT AND SK SHARMA

Department of Food Science and Technology, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
Wild fruits are extended over a large acreage of the world and considered as package of wide range of alimentary and bioactive compounds.
Many wild fruits have gained attention due to their potential in terms of health benefits. There are many wild fruits which are available in the
world viz. various types of berries (Sambucus nigra, Rubus flagellaris, Empetrum nigrum, Rubus chamaemorus), cherries (Prunus
virginiana, Prunus serotina), plumps, Elaeagnus umbellate, wild apricot, star fruit, persimmon, ambarella, langsat, karonda and
many more. All these kinds of fruits are embedded with cosmic nutritional qualities and health benefits, for instance, free r adical
scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity. Wild apricot fruit is one of aforesaid fruits
with bioactivity supervene, reduced oxidative effects, turn down the risk of wrinkles and sunburn, boost digestive health, prevent
high blood pressure and reduce your risk of stroke. It is used to prepare jam, chutney, vinegar, cider, candy, fruit leather manufacturing either
individually or in combination with other fruits. The kernels of this fruit are being used for making chullu oil, used as massage oil, in
cosmetics and sometimes for medicinal purpose. Although being full of nutritional qualities, its utilization in food is limited. This creates
massive number of opportunities for scientists to explore it and work on its application in food.
GNRSA-2020/180
RNA INTERFERENCE TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
DEEPAK KATKANI, ANITA BABBAR, SHWETA TIWARI AND VINOD KUMAR

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Jabalpur (M.P.)
The detection of RNA interference (RNAi) in mid ninety’s added a novel dimension in the directive of gene expression by several types of
RNA. It is method in which double standard RNA (dsRNA) inhibits the expression of gene, naturally by triggering the destruction of specific
mRNA molecules. Factually, it was known by some other names like, co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PGTS) and
quelling. Two forms of small RNAs (miRNA and siRNA) which can bind to other specific mRNA molecules and either rise or decrease their
activity. But dsRNA needs the support of two enzymes specifically Dicer and RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). Thakur et al. (2014)
technologically advanced transgenic tobacco lines by expression of long ds RNA forerunner to make siRNA and hit the v-ATPase a mRNA
in white fly. There are numerous opportunities for the use of RNAi in crop science for its enhancement such as, development of various stress
tolerance (biotic and abiotic) and improved nutritional level. RNAi has also been used to generate male sterility, which is mostly valuable in
various hybrid seed industry. Tehseen et al. (2010) developed male sterile lines by inhibiting the expression of Bcp1 gene of Arabidopsis
over RNAi which is essential for pollen development. RNAi also used in petunia to control the pigment-producing gene under regulator of a
powerful promoter to produce variegated colored flowers. This knock down expertise may be valuable inducing early flowering, modification
of flower color, delayed ripening, delayed senescence, breaking dormancy as well as stress free plants. It is a different technology to obtain
parthenocarpic tomatoes through down regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by suppression of chalcone synthase (CHS), the first
gene in the flavonoid pathway.
Key Words- RNA interference, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PGTS), Dicer and RNA induced silencing complex (RISC).
GNRSA-2020/181
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT AND FOOD SECURITY
DEEPAK KAUSHIK
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana- 125 004
The continuing increase in greenhouse gas emissions raises the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. The accelerating pace of climate
change, combined with global population and depletion of agricultural resources threatens food security globally. Crops can be modified
faster through biotechnology than conventional crops, thus hastening implementation of strategies to meet rapid and severe climatic changes.
Pest and disease resistant biotech crops have continuously developed as new pests and diseases emerge with changes in climate. Resistant
varieties will also reduce pesticide application and hence CO 2 emission. Crops tolerant to various abiotic stresses have been developed in
response to climatic changes. By using genetic and molecular approaches, a number of relevant genes have been identified like CBF cold-
responsive pathway and together with DREB1 genes, integrate several components of the cold acclimation response to tolerance low
temperatures. Drought tolerance is regulated by many small-effect genetic loci, whilst hundreds of genes are involved in physiological
responses to drought. Conventional breeding has made some progress in developing drought tolerant hybrids, progress has been quickened
using biotechnological tools, including marker aided selection, genomics and genetic modification. Transgenic rice expressing the CaMsrB2
gene performs equivalently to unmodified IImi rice in unstressed conditions. Studying the inheritance patterns of molecular markers linked to
salt tolerance will be of benefit in overcoming a major obstacle to food crop production in areas likely to be flooded due to climate change.
Introgression of the high affinity potassium transporter gene TmHKT1;5-A from einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) into durum wheat (T.
turgidum var. durum) lines by marker aided selection has produced up to 25% yield gains under saline conditions when compared with
unimproved genotypes.
Keywords: Biotechnology, cold stress, drought tolerance, climate change
GNRSA-2020/182
ORGANIC AMENDMENTS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE OF AGRICULTURE AND MITIGATING THE CHALLENGE OF
CURRENT PROBLEMS
DEEPAK KUMAR YADAV1*, ARVIND 2 , SK VERMA3

1 – Research scholar Department of Agronomy, I.Ag.Sc. BHU Varanasi
2-Research scholar, Department of SSAC, I.Ag.Sc. BHU Varanasi
3- Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy, I.Ag.Sc. BHU Varanasi
Inorganic, organic and biofertilizers are the main sources for replenishing plant nutrients in agricultural soils. Continuous use of inorganic
fertilizers leads to deterioration in soil chemical, physical, and biological properties, and soil health. The negative impacts of chemical
fertilizers, coupled with escalating prices, have led to growing interests in the use of organic fertilizers as a source of nutrients. Balanced use
of nutrients through organic sources like farm yard manure, vermicompost, green manuring, crop residues, neem cake and poultry manure are
pre-requisites to sustain soil fertility and to produce the maximum crop yield with optimum input level. Organic amendments has been
considered as a soil additive to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers because it provides required nutrient amounts, increases cation exchange
capacity and improves water holding capacity. Organic amendments not only increases yield of crops but can also substitute chemical
fertilizer to some extent. Many research findings have shown that neither inorganic fertilizers nor organic sources alone can result in
sustainable productivity. However, the use of organic manures alone might not meet the plant requirement due to presence of relatively low
content of nutrients. Application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer accelerates the microbial activity, increases nutrient use
efficiency and enhances the availability of the native nutrients to the plants resulting in higher nutrient uptake. Therefore, in order to make the
soil well supplied with all the plant nutrients in the readily available form and to maintain good soil health, it is necessary to use organic
manures in combination with inorganic fertilizers to obtain optimum yields. The imbalanced and heavy use of chemical fertilizer are two
most important factors that have led to think about the use of vermicompost,poultry manure, sewage sludge, bone meal, FYM, etc. in growing
areas for sustainable production system. To achieve the potential of production andsustainability of crop, higher uses of vermicompost,
poultry manure and their scientific management are very important. It must be stressed that the value of FYM, poultry manure, cattle slurry
and vermicompost in soil improve the nutrient content, while helping in the improvement of water holding capacity and soil structure of soil.
The seed produced under organic system has to be used for organic crop production. Organic amendmentsare the rich source of enzymes,
antibiotics, immobilised micro flora and growth hormones like gibberellins which regulate the growth of plants and microbes.
Keywords- Organic amendments, Sustainable agriculture, FYM, Vermicompost, Poultry manure.
GNRSA-2020/183
CLIMATE RESILIENT: BIOTECHNOLOGY
DEEPAK KUMAR
Biotechnological tools focus on providing the ability to directly detect and transfer genes of interest from other plant lines or organisms into
the crop of interest without the continuing need to use the appearance or stress response of the plant (its phenotype) as a proxy for the
presence of that gene. Very impressive success in terms of pest control and yield improvements have been seen globally with genetically
modified versions of soy, maize and cotton produced for insect pest resistance and/or herbicide tolerance since their first introduction in
1996. More moderate results have been seen with transgenic alfalfa, canola, papaya and squash. A major reason for the relatively slow
progress in conventional breeding responses to the stresses related to climate change arises from the fact that plant adaptation, for example to
drought or salinity effects, are not likely to be single gene changes. Whole metabolic pathways or cascades of pathways are likely to be
involved. Making such changes is a challenge for biotechnology-supported breeding as much as for conventional breeding and even the most
promising biotechnology-supported crop plant products are only now reaching large scale field testing by farming communities. No drought
tolerant transgenic crop variety has yet been released. There is a great deal of activity within the major biotechnology life sciences companies
and the agricultural research institutes and academic institutions on transgenic research for drought-prone environments.
Keywords: Biotechnology, transgenic, climate adaptation, herbicide resistance
GNRSA-2020/184
JAGGERY: NATURAL SWEETENER
DEEPALI MUDGAL*, SAMSHER, SURESH CHANDRA, PUJA AND RUCHI VERMA

College of Post Harvest Technology and Food Processing
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P)
India is largest consumer and second largest producer of sugar in the world. Jaggery is sugarcane based natural sweetener made by the
concentration of sugarcane juice without any use of chemicals. In rural India jaggery enjoys wide acceptability. It is available in the form of
solid blocks and in semi-liquid form. It contains the natural sources of minerals and vitamins inherently present in sugarcane juice and it is
one of the most wholesome and healthy sugars in the world. The micro nutrients present in the jaggery possess antitoxic and anti-
carcinogenic properties. A value added jaggery, with enrichment of nutritional ingredients such as aonla, milk powder, wheat flour, whey
etc., has a great export potential in turn fetching good market prices. The organic jaggery is becoming popular in the market because of its
health benefits and good quality attributes, thus herbal clarificants play a key role in jaggery production. White sugar contains only sucrose
which leads to varieties of health problems. Its excessive consumption causes coronary thrombosis, dental carries and other heart related
problems. On the other hand jaggery contains 51% sucrose, 0.25% protein, 21.2% glucose and 3.4% minerals in addition to trace amounts of
fats, iron, calcium and phosphates, which are absent in white sugar. In addition it also possesses medicinal properties. Of the total world
production, more than 70% of the jaggery is produced in India but most of the jaggery business suffers from losses. The development of
different value added products from jaggery and their commercial availability becomes needs of the hour to sustain future profitability in the
jaggery trade. Scientific production and storage of jaggery encourage this cottage industry and provide a healthy alternative to white sugar.
Key words: Jaggery, White Sugar, Storage, Clarificants, Medicinal Properties.
GNRSA-2020/185
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BEETROOT (BETA VULGARIS L.) AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS CHIPS
DEEPALI MUDGAL*, B. R. SINGH, SAMSHER, SURESH CHANDRA, NEELESH CHAUHAN AND VAISHALI
Present investigation was carried out to develop beetroot chips. The effects of different drying methods and different pretreatments were
studied. There were two drying methods i.e. sun drying and hot air tray drying at three temperatures (50⁰C, 60⁰C and 70⁰C). There were three
pretreatments i.e. KMS, blanching and KMS+Blanching and untreated (control) samples were also studied. The drying was done under
natural convection in direct sun drying method while under forced convection in hot air tray drying at an air velocity of 1.8 m/s. The
temperature and relative humidity of drying air, and weight loss of the drying material were monitored at regular selected time interval.
Drying rate and moisture ratio were computed to study the drying characteristics of beetroot chips. The quality of dried beetroots was studied
in terms of moisture content, ash content, Ph, acidity and ascorbic acid. Sensorial attributes like colour, taste, texture and overall acceptability
of chips were analyzed just after preparation and during storage of 30, 60 and 90 days under ambient condition packaged in low density
polyethylene. The present study revealed that the highest drying rate of 5.51(g/min) and lowest final moisture level of 5.45(%db) was
recorded in hot air tray drying of beetroot chips at air temperature of 70⁰C and air flow rate of 1.8 m/s. The increase in drying air temperature
increased the drying rate and also the drying level in all the methods. The beetroot chips produced under tray drying at temperature 70⁰C with
KMS+Blanching pretreatment was observed with lowest moisture content value and higher overall acceptability organoleptic score during
storage of 90 days. All other beetroot chips were also acceptable after 90 days of storage in LDPE. The cost of production for beetroot chips
was observed to be Rs.215/kg.
Keywords: Beetroot, Drying, Pretreatments, Sensory quality.
GNRSA-2020/186
A REVIEW ON ACTIVATED BIO-CHAR CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION
DEEPSHIKHA AZAD
College of technology, GBPUA&T Pantnagar
Activated charcoal (AC) is a carbonaceous material with higher surface area due to high degree of micro-porosity. 1 g of activated carbon
have surface area of about 1500 m2 which make it a very versatile adsorbent for utilization in industrial, medicinal, environmental and other
fields. Industrial production of AC stated in 20th century and physical, chemical activation methods got patented. Lingo-cellulosic biomass
(eg. pine needles, paddy stubbles)can be a prominent raw material for activated bio-char due to its abundance, slow decomposition (which
lead to fire/ air pollution). The main factors which affect the AC characteristics (surface area, micropore volume, mesopore volume) are
biomass properties, impregnation ratio, impregnation time, activation temperature and activation time. The specific surface area, micropore,
mesopore decreases after optimum value with continually increase in impregnation ratio and impregnation time. The activation temperature
and impregnation ratio also affect the AC yield significantly. Sorption capacity get affected by adsorbent doses, contact time, agitation speed,
adsorption temperature due to availability of active binding sites, adsorptive forces/ bonds.
Keywords: Activated charcoal, micropore, mesopore, impregnation, sorption capacity
GNRSA-2020/187
FEATHERING IN TEMPERATE FRUIT NURSERY PLANTS: METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
DEEPSHIKHA*, A S SUNDOURI, AMIT KUMAR, M K SHARMA AND ANIL SHARMA 1

Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar (J & K)
1
PhD Scholar, Department of Fruit Science, PAU, Ludhiana (Punjab)
Feather is a branch that is produced in the same year as of the leader branch in fruit plant. Feathering takes place at the length of greater than
10 cm. For a high quality plants, presence of a good number of feathers are desirable because they form flower buds in the second year of the
nursery production and enables the plant to bear fruit in the first year when it is planted in an orchard. Quality planting material is a building
block/key factor for an early crop in the orchard and quick economic returns. For intensive orchard/HDP, feathered plants are preferred. For
starting an orchard, high quality nursery plants is the first key to a successful planting as high quality plants will quickly establish, grow to a
desirable height and fill their space. Feathers can be developed with the help of growth regulators, pinching and combinations of both.
Generally PGR’s are sprayed 10 to 14 days after bud break to green tissue on the unbranched leader from the tip down to the existing
branches or to 24 inches above the soil line on one year old plants. Feathering has been found to be increased in cherry by the application of
perlan and cyanilidine. Pinching of plant which is a form of pruning also encourages branching of the plant. A positive change in number of
feathers has been found due to pinching and joint impact of pinching and plant growth regulators in many fruit plants which will be
discussed.
GNRSA-2020/188
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN SIKKIM HIMALAYAS, INDIA
DESHMUKH, H.K. 1*, BHATTACHARYA, P.2, PATNAIK SUPRAVA 3 RAMESH , K.R.4 AND CHICHGHARE,A.5
1
Assistant Professor, College of Forestry, Dr. PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra, India
2
University School of Environmental Management, GGSIU, Delhi, India
3
Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, MP, India
4
Forest College & Research Institute, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam, Coimbatore
5
PhD (Forestry) Scholar, College of Forestry, Thrissur, Kerala Agricultural University
Trees on farm in combination with agricultural crops and useful herbs, shrubs and grasses over the length and breadth of Sikkim Himalaya is
an age-old practice with a considerable effect on the natural systems of this region. The local people possess broad knowledge on the tree-
crop combination and their role in conservation of resources and in livelihood. There is need to gather such knowledge and incorporating into
our resources education system, technical training and development plan. In view of this present study was conducted with the objectives, to
study the different agroforestry systems in south and west Sikkim and to record the perception of the farmers regarding function of different
agroforestry components in conservation of natural resources and role in livelihood. Three villages each were selected from south and west
district of Sikkim. A list of 60 respondents were prepared using different tools such as; semi-structured interviews, group discussion, and
social mapping. Ten different Agroforestry systems were recognized on farmers land in South and West Sikkim, which are rich in tree-
agriculture crop diversity. Agrisilvipasture, agrihorticulture, agrihortipasture, livestock based mixed farming systems, apiculture and kitchen
garden are more beneficial and mostly preferred by farmers. Eight different agroforestry components have been observed in agroforestry
systems. In total 96species i.e. functional unit were recorded in agroforestry systems of Sikkim Himalayas of which 85 percent plants species
are native. As per the perception of farmer, the Agroforestry systems plays both productive and protective role. Further its was observed that
the functional unit like agricultural crops, vegetable, fodder crops, fruit trees plays productive role where as large cardamom, multipurpose
tree species, pastures, fruit trees and apiculture plays productive as well as protective role for the farmer. The study revealed that the
agroforestry is an age old practice in Sikkim and had been way of life and livelihood for centuries. However Research on choice of species,
tree crop interaction, spacio temporal dynamics needed to be undertaken to maximize the socio-economic and ecological benefits of the
Agroforestry systems.
Keywords: Agroforestry system, productive, protective, functional unit.
GNRSA-2020/189
ASSESSMENT OF HETEROSIS AND HETEROBELTIOSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD PARAMETERS IN DURUM WHEAT
(TRITICUM DURUM DESF.)
DEVA RAM MEGHAWAL1, DR. MUKESH VYAS1, DR. HEMLATA SHARMA1, DR. JAGDISH CHOUDHARY2, ASHOK
KUMAR MALAV1 AND 3RANJANA TIWARI
1
2
Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture (Genetics and Plant Breeding)
Noida International University, Greater Noida Uttarpradesh
The experimental material comprised 10 varieties, their 45 F1s and two check varieties i.e. MPO-1215 & HI-8627. All genotypes were
evaluated in randomized block design with three replications in three different environments i.e. normal (E1), late (E2) and very late (E3)
sowing. The existence of average heterosis was evident from significance of parent v/s hybrids was also significant for all the characters in all
the three environments except days to 50 % flowering in E 3, days to maturity in E2 and E3, grain filling period in E1 and plant height in E1 E2
and E3, peduncle length in E1, total number of productive tillers plant-1 in E2, number of spikelet’s spike-1 in E2 and E3, number of grains
spike-1 in E2 and E3, spike weight productive tiller-1 in E1, grain weight spike-1 in E1 and E2, biological yield plant-1 in E1 and E2, harvest index
in E1 and test weight in E2 and E3. The existence of average heterosis of parent v/s hybrids was significant for most of the characters including
grain yield per plant and heat tolerant characters in all the three environments. The cross HI-8737 x HI-8498 exhibited significant
heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant in all the environments and pool. Whereas, the crosses viz., HI-8737 x NIDW-295, HI-8737 x HI-
8498, HI-8737 x WH-896, HI-8737 x PDW-314, NIDW-295 x HI-8498, NIDW-295 x PDW-314, HI-8498 x PDW- 291 Raj 1555 x PDW-
291, PDW- 274 x PDW-233, PDW-274 x PDW-291 and PDW-233 x PDW-291 showed significant economic heterosis in all the three
environments and pool.
Keywords: genotypes heterosis, heterobeltiosis, grain yield.
GNRSA-2020/190
INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE IN AGRICULTURE: THE UNIQUE TREASURE OF EVERY SOCIETY
DEVENDRA KUMAR MEENA*, DIKSHA SHARMA** AND SONIKA SHARMA***

*Assistant Professor, Department of Extension Education, COA, Bharatpur
**Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, SKRAU, Bikaner
***Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, MPUAT, Udaipur
Indian agriculture is at least 10,000 years old. Over millennia, farmers developed innumerable practices to successfully grow crops and raise
animals in the highly diversified agro ecological regions of the Indian subcontinent. The last 170 years have brought in new techniques, some
useful and some harmful. The development of indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) systems, including management of natural
environment, has been a matter of survival to the people who generated these systems long back (George et al., 2000).The advent of the
concept of sustainable agriculture in late eighties in Indian agricultural scenario has evoked interest on indigenous technical knowledge (ITK)
that has the element of use of natural products to solve the problems pertaining to agriculture and allied activities. Indian farmers, over
centuries, have learnt to grow food and to survive in difficult environments, where the rich tradition of ITK has been interwoven with the
agricultural practices followed by them. Indigenous Knowledge refers to the unique, traditional, local knowledge existing within and
developed around the specific conditions of women and men indigenous to a particular geographic area. Indigenous knowledge is the local
knowledge - knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society.
Keywords:Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK), Agriculture.
GNRSA-2020/191
EFFECT OF POLYMER COATED UREA VERSUS NORMAL UREA ON NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND
YIELD OF WHEAT
DEVENDRAKUMARINWATI
Ph.D. Research scholar
Soil science and agricultural chemistry
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur
Polymer-coated urea, also called plastic-coated urea, or PCU, is a slow releasing fertilizers can permit a more precise rate of nitrogen release
Normal Urea. Polymer-coated fertilizers were manufactured as early as 1970 in Japan. A variety of polymers are used to form semi-
permeable coatings on soluble N sources, usually urea. Release is regulated by polymer chemistry, coating thickness, soil moisture, and soil
temperature. Study the effect of different levels and methods of basal and split applications of nitrogen through Polymer Coated Urea (PCU)
on growth and yield of wheat in comparison to recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through Normal Urea.A field experiment was
conducted with 12 treatments and 3 replications of control, 100 % of RDN through normal urea as a single basal dose and as in 3 split, and
100 %, 85 %, 70 % and 55 % RDN through PCU as single basal doses and as in 3 split under randomized block design (RBD) on wheat
variety Malviya-510 during Rabi season 2016-2017. The result of the present investigation conferred that a significant increase in grain and
straw yield of wheat along with other growth and yield attribute, N, P and K content and uptake by wheat crop can be obtained with
application of PCU over urea.
Key words: Polymer Coated Urea, Wheat, RDN.
GNRSA-2020/192
DOUBLING FARMERS’ INCOME BY 2022: AN OVERVIEW OF ITS STATUS, ROADMAP AND CHALLENGES
DEVESH KUMAR PANT*

*Ph.D. Research Scholar, Deptt. of Agricultural Economics, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
India has always been an agriculture based economy. Despite having impressive growth in agriculture since independence, farmers are still
facing serious challenges. The average monthly income of an agricultural household during July 2012 to June 2013 was as low as Rs 6,426,
as against its average monthly consumption expenditure of Rs 6,223. (Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households in India,
NSSO 70th Round). Thus, the vision of doubling the income of farmers by 2022 was given by Honourable PM Narendra Modi in February
2016. It involves ‘Seven Point Agenda’ such as a) Emphasis on precision irrigation b) Provision of quality planting material c) Investment on
post-harvest management infrastructures d) Food processing e) e-NAM f) Risk mitigation through Crop insurance, etc g) Agricultural
diversification, as it leads to sustainable use of natural resources and poverty alleviation (Kumar and Gupta, 2015). Although,at the national
level, the aggregate average income of agricultural household worked out to Rs 96,703 at base year (2015-16) prices. The share of income
from non- farm activities is nearly 40 per cent which indicates that farming alone is not sufficient for the needs of households. The average
farmer households’ income is targeted to rise from Rs 96,703 in 2015-16 to Rs 1,72,694 in 2022-23 at constant 2015-16 prices. But to
achieve this target a growth rate of 10.4 per cent per annum is required. The current trend if continues, then all India farm income would
enhance by 66.5 per cent only. Thus, to achieve the aim of doubling farmers’ income states need to make use of their inherent strengths and
comparative advantage.Better price realisation, efficient post- harvest management and adoption of agriculture allied activities, FPOs are
some of the activities which can help to increase farmers’ income.
GNRSA-2020/193
DRONES: USAGE FOR AERIAL SPRAYING TO CONTROL THE DESERT LOCUST, SCHISTOCERCAGREGARIA IN INDIA
DHARMENDRA SINGH1 AND HITEN PATEL2

1
Regional PTL, Chandigarh (UT)
2
Prime UAV, Valsad (Gujarat)
Locust, Schistocercagregaria (Order: Orthoptera, Family: Acrididae), is the polymorphic short horn grasshoppers are feed on the various
type of plants andcultivated crops (Polyphagaus),began alarming in India during 2019 and 2020.Locust’s swarms habitually came into Indian
scheduled desert areas (Rajasthan )through Arabian Sea and Pakistan and even some of locustswarms were reported to incursion in Madhya
Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Haryana and Uttarakhand (western and north-western states of
India). The suitable control measures were taken by the Government in consultation of “Locust Warning Origination” (LWO), Jodhpur. The
freshly entered warms of S. gregaria were preferred to settled on the trees in night. Officials of Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine &
Storage(DPPQS, DAC&FW), had engaged to locust control operation (LCO)facing difficulties to control locust swarm generally settled on
trees raised on the sand dunes. Therefore, DPPQS, DAC&FW has introduced a pilot programme: aerial spraying of insecticides through
drones (battery and petrol operated hybrid drones) areproficient to carried 20.00 Kg weight of spry solution on every flight.Drone is found
very promising device which were provided appreciating results in locust control operation during 2020.
GNRSA-2020/194
IMPACT OF TRACE MINERALS SUPPLEMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED CATTLE
DHEERAJ KUMAR*, RAJENDRA KUMAR*

* Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005. Uttar
Pradesh, INDIA
In dairy animals, majority of factors like nutrient intake, physiological health, housing management and atmospheric conditions affect
reproductive performance of the animal. In dairy animals the main factor affecting the reproduction is nutrition status that too trace minerals.
So to have a good return from the livestock trace minerals with balanced feeding of the animals must be done. Optimum feeding of minerals
with respect to the various stages of reproductive life cycle must be done to increase the reproductive performance.
Keyword: Trace Mineral, Dairy Animal, Physiological Health, Housing, Reproduction.
GNRSA-2020/195
ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CLIMATIC CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY
DIKSHA KHAJURIA* AND RAJA AAMIR KUCHAY*

Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri-185234, J&K (India)
Climate change related factors including temperature increases, changes in rainfall patterns and outbreak of pests and diseases negatively
affect agricultural productivity and food security. Climate change effects significantly increase production risk and rural vulnerability,
particularly in regions that already suffer from chronic soil and water resource scarcity or high exposure to climatic extremes, such as
droughts and flooding. The effects of climate change on agriculture may depend not only on changing climate conditions, but also on the
agricultural sector’s ability to adapt through changes in technology and demand for food. Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to
enhance crops, fuels, medical treatments and a host of other tools that can help humans. Biotechnology contributes to poverty alleviation by
increasing crop productivity and income generation, particularly for resource-poor farmers. Plant genomics has become a rapidly developing
field that is radically improving the understanding of plant biology and creating extraordinary tools to improve plant properties related to
sustainable agricultural production, human and animal nutrition, and non-food uses of plant products. The biotechnology tools that may be
used in research are tissue culture and molecular techniques. The molecular techniques are DNA fingerprinting or characterization, marker
assisted selection (MAS), molecular diagnostics and genetic engineering/transformation/genetic modification. Genetic engineering (GE) is
applied in the production of genetically modified crops or recombinant vaccines. Tissue culture techniques are in use in many countries for
rapid multiplication of vegetative propagated plant material. Successful private companies use the tool routinely to produce bananas,
pineapples, mangoes and root crops such as potato, cassava, yam, and cocoyam. However, fewer countries use biotechnology tools as one
moves the ladder from tissue culture to more advanced molecular techniques such as transformation.
Keywords: Biotechnology, Climate Change, Food security
GNRSA-2020/196
BIODIVERSITY: ITS RESOURCES AND THEIR CONSERVATION
DINESH KUMAR SHARMA AND ANIRUDH KUMAR SHARMA
Department of Microbiology, C.C.S. University, Meerut, 250004, India
Department of Horticulture, J. V. College, Baraut
Biodiversity is the wealth of life on earth: the millions of plants, animals, and microorganisms; the genes they contain; and the intricate
ecosystems they help build into the living environment. The term “genetic diversity” refers to the genetic variability between and within
species. Biodiversity plays a key role in human nutrition by safeguarding the sustainable productivity of soils and providing the genetic
resources for all crops and livestock species harvested for food. The diversity of plant and animal resources underpins the wellbeing of
society and serves as an important source of food and income, particularly for poor communities living in rural areas. Moreover, plants and
animals provide medicine, timber, biomass, energy, fertiliser and transport, as well as other services that people need for their livelihoods and
welfare. The loss of biodiversity threatens the sustainable productivity of existing ecosystems and ultimately leads to the waste of natural
resources, primarily affecting the livelihood of poor rural communities. To ensure intra and intergenerational equity, it is important to
conserve biodiversity. Some of the existing measures of biodiversity conservation include; reforestation, zoological gardens, botanical
gardens, national parks, biosphere reserves, germplasm banks and adoption of breeding techniques, tissue culture techniques, social forestry
to minimize stress on the exploitation of forest resources. This abstract highlights the major issues about wildlife life extinction,
endangerment and conservation.
Key words: Biodiversity, conservation, ecosystem services, habitat management, human-induced extinctions, threatened species, reserves.
GNRSA-2020/197
ACCUMULATION OF CD, CR AND PB AND SUSTAINABLE DETOXIFICATION IN SEWAGE-IRRIGATED SOILS
DINESH MANI, VIPIN SAHU* AND BECHAN SINGH

Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj- 211002, (U.P.), India.
The application of sewage water for irrigation purposes has increased over the past years. Long-term use of sewage-sludge and improper
management of agricultural lands can lead to an elevated heavy metal concentration in the soil resulting in barren soil. The present
investigation was carried out to study the influence of different soil characteristics on the accumulation of Cd, Cr and Pb and their
detoxification strategies in sewage irrigated soil profiles of Prayagraj region, India. It was observed that surface soils contained higher
amount of DTPA- extractable heavy metals (Cd 2.88-3.28 mg kg-1,Cr 5.73-7.30 mg kg-1 and Pb 6.25-7.30 mg kg-1) and these amounts along
with CEC (27.10 cmol (p+)kg-1) and organic carbon (OC) Content (0.56%) decreased with the depth of soil profiles. Higher retention of these
heavy metals was observed in the upper horizon in comparison to the lower horizon which was closely correlated with organic matter (OM)
and CEC distribution in the profiles. The study showed the ameliorative response of heavy metals in terms of higher OC and higher CEC
contents of soils at their limited concentrations and deteriorative response in terms of lower OC and lower CEC contents of soils at
concentrations higher than the maximum permitted concentrations (MPCs). Detoxification in pot marigold plant uptake metal is largely
influenced by the availability of metals. The highest accumulation of heavy metals was observed in the order of Pb > Cr > Cd by Calendula
officinalis L. (ornamental plant) resulting in the bioaccumulation of the metals in the sewage-irrigated soils. The authors emphasize to adopt
Calendula officinalis L. (ornamental plant) grown in sewage-irrigated soils to detoxify the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb) and to achieve safe
and secure soil environmental.
Keywords: Bioaccumulation, enrichment, heavy metals, sewage sludge, soil profile, phytoremediation
GNRSA-2020/198
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF FOXTAIL MILLET(SETARIAITALICAL. BEAUV.)
DIVYA SINGH, KAPIL LAWRENCE*, SURESH B.G AND AMRITA RAJ
Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom
University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder disease that is a major worldwide health problem. The main cause of death in most developed
countries. It is a veryseriousproblem. More than 300 million people by per years it effected bydiabetes. Diabetes mellitus is classified into
two types – type one and type two. Type 1 diabetes insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus or IDDM, Type 2 diabetesnon-insulin diabetes
mellitus or NIDDM.Most people are affected by type 2 diabetes it is caused by insulin resistance is a characteristic feature and several drugs
to increase the insulin sensitivity are currently being used in clinic. There are several drugs are available in markets for type 2 diabetes,
having some side effect and high rates of secondary failure. Foxtail millets have Hight stress tolerance capacity against the oxidative stress.
Simple concept of oxidative stress is when balance ROS production and antioxidant defenses is loss, the result is ‘Oxidative stress’ which
deregulate the cellular function and causes many different diseases in case of plant programmed cell death. They are highly nutritious. It can
grow in marginal or less fertile soils in rain-fed conditions, Health promoting properties especially the high fiber content, iron, zinc, folic
acid, calcium, Nature of starch is complex, low glycemic index. The high levels of tryptophan in millet produce serotonin, which is calming
to our moods. Niacin in millet can help lower cholesterol. Millet is gluten free and non-allergenic.
Keywords- Foxtail millet, Diabetes, Antidiabetic activity
GNRSA-2020/199
RESPONSE OF VERMICOMPOST AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND
PHYLLANTHIN CONTENT IN BHUMYAMALAKI (PHYLLANTHUSAMARUSSCHUM AND THONN.)
DIVYASHREE, N*, SINGH, V.P, VISHWANATH, Y.C, VIJAYMAHANTHESH, MASTIHOLI, A.B, BHUVANESHAWARI, G
AND ASHOKA, N.
1,2,3
Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences,
Bagalkote, 587-104, Karnataka, India
4,5
Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote, 587-104, Karnataka, India
6
Department of Post harvest technology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote, 587-104, Karnataka, India
7
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote, 587-104, Karnataka, India
Bhumyamalaki is an annual small herb belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae, mainly known in Indian ayurvedic system for its medicinal
properties. During 2018-19 inkharif, the field experiment was conducted with an objective of increasing yield in Phyllanthusamarus with
different combinations of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers under Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka at Main Horticultural Research and
Extension Centre (MHREC), UHS, Bagalkot. Among different treatment combinations, application of V 1F3 (2 tonnesvermicompost and
fertilizer combination of 150: 60: 60 kg NPK per hectare) has recorded significantly maximum plant height (64.9 cm), number of leaves per
plant (218.78), number of branches per plant (50.46), plant spread (57.07 cm 2), leaf area (446.33 cm2), leaf area index (2.98), Cumulative
growth rate (5.96 g/m2/day), Absolute growth rate (0.12 g/day), total dry matter accumulation (11.97 g/plant), fresh herbage yield (10.75 t/ha)
and dry herbage yield (5.25 t/ha), the maximum nutrient uptake (N-121.52, P2O5-24.96, K2O-107.73 kg/ha) by the plants, the highest net
returns (132226) and B:C ratio (2.95). Whereas, the maximum phyllanthin content (0.87 %) was recorded with the application of V1F1 (2
tonnes of vermicompost and fertilizer combination of 50: 30: 30 kg NPK per hectare) and the maximum phosphorous availability in soil
(39.21 kg/ha) was recorded with V1F0 (2 tonnesvermicompost and fertilizer combination of 0: 0: 0 kg NPK per hectare).
Keywords: Bhumyamalaki, vermicompost, inorganic fertilizers, growth, yield, phyllanthin content.
GNRSA-2020/200
ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS IN MUNGBEAN [VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK]
DK PATIL, CB JADHAV AND SM SURASHE
The present investigation on “Estimation of Heterosis in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted during Kharif 2016-17
using four line and six tester making 24 crosses and evaluation this material using Randomized Block Design. The cross combination BPMR
145 x BM 2011-1 recorded the highest standard heterosis over the check BM 2003-2. The cross BM 4 x TBM 9 exhibited the highest
significant mid parent heterosis and heterobeltosis for the number of pods per plant. The cross AKM 8802×BM 2011-1 was found highest
standard heterosis for pod length, number of pod per plant and grain yield per plant. The study further can used to breed a genotype with high
yielding potential and to collect the information on the genetic mechanism controlling various traits in the material.
Keywords: Standard heterosis, mid-parent heterosis, heterobeltosis and mungbean
GNRSA-2020/201
STUDY OF COMBINING ABILITY EFFECT OF PARENTS AND CROSSES [VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK]
DK PATIL, CB JADHAV AND SM SURASHE
The present investigation on “Combining Ability Studies in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)” was conducted during Kharif 2016-17
with an objective to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) effects of parents, specific combining ability (SCA) of crosses for seed
yield and it’s components. The tester BM 2011-1 was a goodgeneral combiners for seed yield per plant and most of the traits. Among line
BPMR 145 recorded significant GCA effect for four characters and found good general combiner in GCA status. Among the cross
combination AKM 8802 x BM 2011-1 recorded the highest SCA effect for seed yield per plant, VAIBHAV x TBM 9 recorded highest SCA
effect for the Number of pods per plant.
Keywords: Mungbean, general combining ability, specific combining ability
GNRSA-2020/202
EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND SPACING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.
MOENCH)
DONTHA SANDEEP*, UMESHA, C.

Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at Central Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P).
The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.3), low in organic carbon (0.57%), available N
(230 kg/ha), available P (32.10 kg/ha) and available K (346 kg/ha).The treatments consist of 3 different sowing dates viz.17th July, 10th and
26th August (respectively) and 3 different spacing viz. 30cm, 45 cm and 60 cm, whose effect was observed on Sorghum. There were nine
treatments each replicated thrice. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The result showed that growth parameters viz.
Plant height (110.35 cm), Number of leaves (14.91), Leaf area index (0.19) and Dry weight (105.56 g) at 120 harvest were recorded superior
with the sowing date 17th July with spacing 45 cm. The Yield Parameters viz. Number of grains per panicle (1146.06), Grain yield
(49.03q/ha), Stover yield (69.07q/ha), Gross returns(146415.7 ₹/ha), Net returns (106075.7 ₹/ha) and B:C ratio (1.52) were recorded
significantly higher with the sowing date 17 th July with spacing 45 cm. Whereas Leaf area, Panicle length, Test weight and harvest index were
found Non-significant. From the above data the sowing date 17th July with spacing 45 cmwas found to be more productive as well as
economically viable.
Keywords: Sorghum, Sowing dates, Spacing, Growth, Productive, Yield.
GNRSA-2020/203
CONSTRAINT IN PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF MILK IN RURAL AREAS OF BIKANER DISTRICT IN
RAJASTHAN
DROPATI SARAN*, MADHU SHARMA** AND VIKRAM YOGI***

*PhD Scholar, Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner
**Professor and Head, Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, SKRAU,
***Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner
In spite of high livestock population and total milk production in India, per animal average milk production is low. Along with low milk
production per animal, there are many other constraints not letting potential of milch animals be achieved. production and marketing of milk
in rural areas. The importance of rearing milch animals become more important in arid and rainfed agro-ecosystem for sustainable income
generation. The present investigation was done in Bikaner district of Rajasthan to identify constraints in production and marketing of milk in
rural areas of Rajasthan. The Bikaner district of Rajasthan was selected for the study purposively for having largest cattle population in
Rajasthan. Out of eight tehsils in Bikaner district, one tehsil having highest cattle population in each of three distinct types of irrigation
conditions was selected purposively. Total 180 farmers were selected from the six selected villages. Infertility problem, unavailability of high
genetic merit bull and poor conception rate through artificial insemination were the major breeding constraints. Non remunerative price for
the milk, Inability to market for value-added products and exploitation by middle man were the marketing constraints. High cost of cattle feed
and mineral mixture, high cost of cross-breed cow and less economic returns were the financial constraints . Technical and other constraints
as perceived by the milch animal households were unavailability of emergency veterinary services, lack of improved equipments, irregular &
inadequate supply of cattle feed. Solution of many constraints can be solved by the making producer groups.
Keywords: Livestock population, contraints in milk production, feed cost, marketing of milk
GNRSA-2020/204
BIOPROSPECTING OF EXTREMOPHILIC ORGANISMS FOR NOVEL METABOLITES
E. Parameswari1, T. Ilakiya2 V. Davamani1, P. Kalaiselvi1and S. Paul Sebastian1

1
Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
2
Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
Bioprospecting is systematic search for the valuable chemicals, genes and their products in living organisms. It is the intersection of
biotechnological use and conservation of biodiversity and comprehensive exploration of taxonomic space. Bioprospecting is nothing new,
infact people had been bioprospecting since the dawn of civilization. Mostly the bioprospecting potential is currently related to
microorganisms study. Microorganisms can live almost everywhere and scientist expect that the study of microorganisms will lead to many
new discoveries overnext few decades because they have realized that the most of life on earth is microscopic. In fact, there are more
microorganisms by weight, by volume, by total number and by number of different species than all of the animals and plants put together.
Current biological investigations have expanded our information into many habitats and among those are the extremophiles. Such
microorganisms thrive in an endmost range of temperature levels, pH ranges, pressure, salinity, desiccation and other extreme conditions.
Microorganisms from these severe environments may represent models for the origin of first cells and also pattern for extra-terrestrial life.
Only small fraction of chemicals made by microbes has been fully assessed for some useful biological activity. It was argued that there was
real commercial value to retainthis unexplored biodiversity for preserving the valuable chemical diversity. The rate of discovery of novel
metabolites from non-extreme, terrestrial microorganisms are decreasing and emergence of multiple drug resistant bacterial infections creates
a pressing requires to develop some new antimicrobial agents. Novel secondary metabolites including antibiotics from extremophiles are
attracting the scientific attention in recent days.
Keywords: Bioprospecting, extremophiles, microorganism, novel metabolites
GNRSA-2020/205
ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR OF SWEET ORANGE GROWERS
EKHANDE Y. S.1, RAYKAR S. S.2 AND HOLKAR S. C.3 SURADKAR D. D.4

1, 2 & 3. Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Dapoli- 415712, District - Ratnagiri (M.S.)
4. Assistant Professor, Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Latur (M.S.)
A sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is an important fruit crop of Maharashtra state of India. It is grown on an area of 55,000 ha with 6.5 lakh
tones of production per year. The area under this fruit crop is increasing rapidly as a result of dynamic employment guarantee scheme
launched by the Government of Maharashtra for fruit crops. Sweet Orange is a major fruit crop in Marathwada region of the State. 0.77 lakh
hectares area is under this crop and 0.34 lakh hectares is under production. The total production is about 5.18 lakh M.T. (Anonymous, 2014a).
The Ex-post-facto research design was used for the present study. The study was conducted in Aurangabad district. Three tahsils namely,
Aurangabad, Paithan and Kannad were selected purposively on the basis of the maximum area under sweet orange cultivation. The main
objective of this study is to study the components of entrepreneurial behaviour of sweet orange growers. It was observed during the study
that, 30.00 per cent of farmers belonged to low entrepreneurial behaviour and 40.84 per cent of farmer’s medium entrepreneurial behaviour
and entrepreneurial behaviour index of the farmers, 68.34 per cent respondent’s medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour. The present study
was used as a multistage sampling procedure. Collected data were classified, tabulated and analyzed by using statistical methods like
frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and entrepreneurial behaviour index.
Keywords: Sweet Orange, Growers and Entrepreneurial Behaviour Index
GNRSA-2020/206
PROFILE OF SWEET ORANGE GROWERS
EKHANDE Y. S.1,HOLKAR S.C. 2, RAYKAR S. S.3AND SURADKAR D. D.4

objective of this study is to study the profile of sweet orange growers. It was noticed that, majority of farmers 58.34 per cent had medium
farming experience whereas, 25 per cent of farmers had low farming experience and only 16.66 per cent farmers had high farming
experience. As regards to education, only 8.34 per cent of farmers had educated up to post graduate level whereas, 14.16 per cent of farmers
had educated up to graduate level and 35 per cent of farmers had educated up to higher secondary school level, while 23.33 per cent of
farmers had high school level education and 15 per cent farmers had middle school level education. While 1.67 per cent farmer had educated
up to primary school and 2.50 per cent farmers were illiterate. As regards to family size more than half of the sweet orange growers (70.84%)
had medium family size whereas, 16.66 per cent of sweet orange growers belonged to small family size. Thus, 12.50 per cent of sweet orange
growers belonged to large family size. As regards to occupation, majority of farmers 66.66 per cent were engaged in farming whereas, 25 per
cent of farmers engaged in farming with subsidiary enterprises, 8.34 per cent respondents were doing farming along with subsidiary and in
addition to other sources of income.It was also observed during study that, 60 per cent of the farmers possessed medium land holding and
24.16 per cent farmers possessed small land holding, whereas, 15.84 per cent farmers possessed big land holding. As regards to annual
income, 74.16 per cent farmers had medium level of annual income whereas, 12.50 per cent of farmers categorized under low level of annual
income and 13.34 per cent of farmers had high level of annual income. It was also found in research that, 15 per cent respondents had low
social participation while, 66.66 per cent of the respondents having medium social participation and 18.34 per cent of the respondents were
found in high category of social participation. As regards to mass media use, majority 74.16 per cent of the respondents belonged to medium
mass media use. Whereas, 12.50 per cent and 13.34 per cent of farmers belonged to low and high mass media use categories, respectively. It
was noticed that majority 75 per cent of the respondents had medium economic motivation whereas, 11.66 and 13.34 per cent of respondents
belonging to low and high economic motivation categories, respectively. As regards to market orientation, more than half of respondent 65
per cent had medium level of market orientation, whereas, 15.84 per cent of respondent had low market orientation and 19.16 per cent of
respondent found high market orientation. The present study was used as a multistage sampling procedure. Collected data were classified,
tabulated and analyzed by using statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation
Key words: Profile of sweet orange growers
GNRSA-2020/207
CONSTRAINTS FACED AND SUGGESTIONS GIVEN BY THE SWEET ORANGE GROWERS FOR BETTER
PERFORMANCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES

objective of this study is to study the constraints faced and suggestions given by the Sweet Orange growers for better performance of
entrepreneurial activities. It was observed during the study that, majority 78.33 per cent of the farmers expressed that financial problem, lack
of exposure to mass media and information and marketing problem as reported by 66.67 and 62.50 per cent respectively followed by lack of
knowledge 56.67 per cent, lack of food grain storage facility 52.50 per cent, labour problem 46.66 per cent and lack of transportation
facilities 45 per cent, respectively. It was observed during the study that, majority of respondents suggested easy availability of finance 70.83
per cent, followed by policy support for entrepreneurs be made 65.83 per cent, organizing effective training programmes 59.17 per cent,
promoting co-operatives 53.33 per cent and improving marketing system 48.33 per cent, respectively for taking up entrepreneurial activities.
The present study was used as a multistage sampling procedure. Collected data were classified, tabulated and analyzed by using statistical
methods like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and entrepreneurial behaviour index.
Key words: Sweet Orange Growers, Entrepreneurial Behaviour, Constraints, Suggestions and Entrepreneur.
GNRSA-2020/208
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFILE OF SWEET ORANGE GROWERS WITH THEIR ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR

objective of this study is to study the Relationship between Profile of Sweet Orange Growers with their Entrepreneurial Behavior. It was
observed during the study that, all independent variables of farmers viz., farming experience, education, family size, occupation, land
holding, annual income, social participation, mass media use, economic motivation and market orientation had positive and highly significant
relationship with their entrepreneurial behaviour. The present study was used as a multistage sampling procedure. Collected data were
classified, tabulated and analyzed by using statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient
and multiple regression.
Key words: Sweet Orange Growers, Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Relationship
GNRSA-2020/209
POTATO PRODUCTION IN EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
EKTA PANDEY
Department of Agricultural Statistics
Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj – Ayodhya (UP), 224-229
Potato, (Solanum tuberosum), Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a globally important crop plant producing high yields of nutritionally
valuable food in the form of tubers. that paper analyses the growth and instability in terms of area, production and productivity of potato in
three zones of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The growth was examined by Compound growth rate and Simple growth rate. The study relates to
1980-81 to 2014-15 which is further divided into four sub- periods. The area under potato registered positive growth rate throughout the
period in Vindhyan Zone. The productivity of potato was found to be highest in North Eastern Plain Zone where as lowest in Eastern Plain
Zones. This chapter describes a rapid, efficient, and cost-effective system for the routine transformation of this crop plant at rates above
40% efficiency, calculated as the mean number of Eastern blot- confirmed independent transgenics per number of internodal explants
originally plated.
Keywords: Potato, Agro-climatic zones, Graphical analysis, Linear Growth Rate (LGR), Compound growth rate (CGR), Instability index
and non linear models
GNRSA-2020/210
STUDY OF FOLIAR NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN)
ELUMLE PRIYANKA
Agriculture Research Station, Badnapur (Maharashtra), Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
The production of pulse crop in India in general is not enough to meet domestic need of the ever growing population. The productivity is far
below the potential and there is substantial scope for improvement with the adoption of improved technologies. Among the various
technologies, the application of nutrients through foliar application to increase the yield as well as nutrient use efficiency is considered to be
effective and economical method of supplementing part of nutrient requirement at critical stages of the crop. The soil of experimental was
leveled well drained and the soil was medium black in color with clayey, fairly deep, low in nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, high
in potash and alkaline in reaction. The experimental field was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three
replications and the variety was BDN-716. The treatments were Recommended dose of fertilizers (25:50:00 NPK kg/ha), RDF + 2% urea
spray, RDF + 2% DAP spray, RDF + 0.5 % Borax spray, RDF + 1% urea spray + foliar spray of 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% borax spray, RDF +
Multi micronutrient spray @ 2ml/litre,RDF+2% urea spray + Multi micronutrient spray @ 2ml/litre, RDF + 2% DAP spray + Multi
micronutrient spray @ 2ml/ litre, RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 15kg/ha. An uniform dose of RDF was applied to all plots as basal.
Results revealed that application of RDF + (2% DAP and Multi micronutrient @ 2ml/litre foliar spray) at 50% flowering of pigeonpea
produced maximum plant height (150 cm), branches (14.33), no of functional leaves (96.67), dry matter accumulation (143.33), no of pods
(73.67), weight of pods /plant(52.67 g), seed yield/plant (38.67 kg/ha), 100 seed weight (14 g), as well as maximum seed yield (1650 kg/ha),
straw yield (4100 kg/ha), biological yield (5750 kg/ha) and harvest index (28.69) being at par with RDF + 2% urea + Multi micronutrient
spray @ 2ml/litre. Maximum net returns (57199 kg/ha) and B:C ratio(3.10) were obtained with RDF + 2% DAP + Multi micronutrient spray
@ 2ml/litre. From the present study it is observed that foliar application of RDF + 2% DAP + Multi micronutrient spray @ 2ml/litre at 50%
flowering in addition with recommended dose of fertilizers required for better growth, production and profitability in pigeonpea.
GNRSA-2020/211
ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE GENETIC RESOURCES OF POTENTIAL UNDERUTILIZED CITRUS
SPECIES - CITRUS MACROPTERA FROM MIZORAM, NORTH EAST INDIA
ESTHER LALRUATSANGI1 AND T.K HAZARIKA2

Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram – 796004 (India)
Citrus macroptera Mont., commonly known as ‘‘satkora’’ or ‘‘hatkora’’ is a semi-wild Citrus species with very sour taste having ethno-
medicinal properties and widely used for culinary purposes found in evergreen forests of North East India. A rich genetic diversity of
‘‘hatkora’’ exists in north-eastern region of India as the different parts of the plant and the fruits are used by different tribal communities of
North East India. It is used as traditional medicine as an antiseptic, antiviral, antifungal, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, anthelmintic,
astringent, diuretic, mosquito bite repellent and commonly used in treatment of stomach ailments, constipation, diabetes, arthritis and as an
appetizer. Hatkora have wider distribution in Mizoram but the commercial cultivation is confined mainly in Kolasib, Aizawl, Lunglei, Mamit,
and Serchhip district, where the elevation and agro-climatic condition are lower and warmer which is suitable for its growth. 20 genotypes
collected from different districts of Mizoram were used for analysis of biochemical properties. The study revealed that there is genetic
diversity existing among the genotypes and conclude Hatkora as a potential fruit crop for commercial cultivation.
Keywords: Citrus macroptera, hatkora, biochemical properties, Mizoram, North-east India
GNRSA-2020/212
FODDER TREES FOR IMPROVING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY AND SMALLHOLDER LIVELIHOODS IN UTTAR
PRADESH
FARAZ AHMAD KHAN*AND ANITA TOMAR

Forest Research Centre for Eco-rehabilitation
3/1, Lajpat Rai Road, New Katra, Prayagraj, U.P.
Fodder trees are important feed sources for livestock in a wide range of farming systems in Uttar Pradesh. Researchers, extension services
and farmers have developed and promoted fodder tree practices in many different areas and contexts. Fodder trees are particularly important
in the drought prone areas of Uttar Pradesh due to extreme shortage of green and nutritive fodder throughout the year.As per Census 2011, 59
percent of its workforce was engaged in agriculture; average holding size was just 0.76 ha with 92 percent of holdings being small and
marginal; and 29 percent of its population was below the poverty line in 2011-12. As per the Situation Assessment Survey of NSS (2012-13),
average monthly income of an agri-household in UP was the third lowest in the country. Smallholders plant fodder trees, mainly to feed dairy
cows and buffaloes. They can meet production shortages in times of extreme climatic conditions such as droughts by adopting better and
efficient silvopastoral system while adopting hortipastoral system can also generate additional revenue. Fodder trees are easy to grow, require
little land, labor or capital, have numerous by-products and often supply feed within a year after planting. Key challenges constraining the
uptake of fodder trees include limited species appropriate to different agroecological zones, shortages in seed and that farmers lack
knowledge and skills needed to grow them.
Keywords: Fodder trees, drought prone, smallholders, dairy cows, agroecological zones.
GNRSA-2020/213
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PRIMING TREATMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH ATTRIBUTES
OF CHILLI
FAROOQ AHMAD KHAN, SUMATI NARAYAN, STEPHEN K, M. AMIR #, ASTHA# AND FASIL FAYAZ
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Distt. Srinagar (J&K)
#
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and technology, Kanpur
An study was carried out during 2017-18 at the Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities to determine the best seed priming treatments for
improved germination and seedling establishment in chilli cv. Kashmir Long-1. Seed priming is simply the hydration of seeds by exposing
them to aqueous solution and re-drying to original moisture level. To begin with, four priming agents viz. distilled water (hydropriming), PEG
6000 (osmopriming), vermiwash (vermipriming) and melatonin (melatonin priming) were chosen and their optimum concentration and
duration were determined by dipping the seeds in different concentrations (PEG -0.5 MPa, -1.0 MPa and -1.5 MPa; vermiwash 4x, 6x and 8x
dilution; melatonin 5, 10 and 15 ppm) for 18, 24 and 30 hours at 25±2°C. Obviously, there was no concentration variation in case of
hydropriming. Fifty seeds of each priming treatment were cultured in 14.0 cm Petri dishes lined with 5 layers of moist blotting paper and put
in a seed germinator at 25±2°C for recording various germination attributes. Results indicated that hydropriming for 30 hours (HT 3),
osmopriming with -0.5 MPa for 18 hours (O1T1), vermipriming with 8× dilutions for 30 hours (V 3T3) and melatonin priming with 5 ppm for
30 hours (M1T3) produced best results in terms of various germination attributes and thus selected for further studies. Adopting the method
followed in previous experiment, a successive experiment was also conducted for further evaluation of above 4 treatments to achieve better
germination and seedling establishment. Data support that seed priming in chilli with vermiwash for 30 hours (V 3T3) was the best treatment
for improving seed germination percent in chilli followed by melatonin priming.
GNRSA-2020/214
REVERSAL OF AGEING EFFECTS IN ONION SEEDS THROUGH OSMOPRIMING
FAROOQ AHMAD KHAN, SUMATI NARAYAN, UME SALMA, M. AMIR#, ASTHA# AND FASIL FAYAZ
#
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and technology, Kanpur
Deterioration of seed quality (ageing) is a serious problem particularly in developing countries where seeds are stored in places usually
without a proper control of humidity and temperature. Onion is an extremely important vegetable crop but unfortunately, its seeds exhibit
very poor longevity after harvest (1-2 years) and also take longer time (12 to 15 days) to germinate. Seed priming is considered as one of the
best techniques to improve the seed quality and germinability under a wide range of environmental conditions. The present investigation was
performed at SKUAST-Kashmir to understand the mechanisms of seed deterioration in onion and its reversal through osmopriming
technique. Uniform and healthy seeds of Yellow Globe and Red Coral (hybrid) cultivars of onion having initial moisture content of 8.0 and
9.0% were subjected to accelerated ageing treatments artificially at 45°C and 100% relative humidity for 0, 48, 72 and 96 hours.
Osmopriming of artificially deteriorated seeds, as well as control seeds were done for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours duration using minus 1.5MPa
solution. Thus, there were total of 32 treatment combinations. Four replicates of 50 seeds were placed in 140 mm diameter Petri dishes on ten
layers of Whatman No.1 filter paper moistened with 40 ml of distilled water. The Petri dishes were placed in dark incubator at 25 ºC for
recording of various germination parameters. Germination was observed daily until a constant count was achieved. Cultivar Yellow Globe
showed higher germination percent (GP) as compared to Red Coral. Accelerated ageing (AA) of onion seeds significantly declined the GP
and the decline was found to increase with increasing durations of ageing. Osmopriming (OP) of onion seeds with PEG-6000 (-1.5MPa) was
found to recuperate GP irrespective of variety and increased osmopriming durations showed better values of GP. A considerable decrease in
the sprouting energy of germination onion seeds was also observed due to AA treatments which were found to improve due OP treatments.
However, no significant difference was recorded with respect to variety. Two varieties of onion seeds also showed a marked variation in
germination speed in terms of CVG. Both the varieties showed a decreasing trend of CVG due to AA treatments but found to regain the
momentum when OP of seeds was done before sowing. Increasing AA as well as OP showed deeper influence on CVG values.
GNRSA-2020/215
STORAGE STUDIES ON PRIMED OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) AND PARSLEY (PETROSELINUM CRISPUM)
SEEDS
FAROOQ AHMAD KHAN, SUMATI NARAYAN, SAJAD AHMAD BHAT, IMTIYAZ MURTUZA, RIFAT RAMZAN AND UME
SALMA
Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities; Division of Vegetable Science
Seed priming is now a well known practice used to improve seed germination attributes and seedling establishment. Primed seeds usually
show coincident germination and emerging into vigorous seedlings under normal and stressed condition. However, studies indicated that
primed seeds lost beneficial effects of priming and even deteriorated faster than non-primed seeds during subsequent storage. Temperature is
considered as a major factor deteriorating seed quality during storage. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different
priming techniques on storage behavior of okra and parsely seeds hydro- and osmopriming and storage on germination, vigour and health of
onion seeds at ambient and low temperature. Our results indicated that there were no significant differences in germination potential and
seedling vigour attributes up to one year of duration in both okra and parsley seeds. However, during second year bi-monthly observations on
okra seeds showed significant declines in seed germination and vigour attributes of both control and osmoprimed seeds stored under ambient
condition. Decline in GP and SVI were more in osmoprimed seeds (78.5→48.5 and 3.04→0.90) as compared to lower reduction in GP and
SVI of unprimed-control seeds (70.4→58.3 and 2.41→1.38). In contrast to ambient stored seeds, low temperature stored seeds showed no
significant difference in GP and SVI with respect to storage period. Similar pattern of seed germination and vigour were also recorded in
parsley. Therefore it can be convincingly stated that quality of okra and parsley seeds deteriorated significantly during second year of ambient
storage and deterioration was quite high after two years as indicated by very poor germination and seedling vigour (less than 50 percent).
Further primed seeds were found more sensitive to deterioration than unprimed.
GNRSA-2020/216
SUPPLEMENTATION OF L-THREONINE IN STEP DOWN DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN LEVELS ON THE GROWTH AND
NITROGEN RETENTION IN COMMERCIAL BROILERS
*
G. ANANDA MANEGAR, ASHOK MADAPURADA , B.U.UMESHA AND O.R.NATARAJU
Assistant Professor (Animal Science),
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560065
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of reduced dietary crude protein (CP) and supplementation of threonine on growth and
nitrogen retention of inclusion of L-Threonine in commercial broiler diets. A total of 460 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 7 dietary
treatments following completely randomized design, each treatment had six replications of 11 birds each. The control dietary formulation was
prepared to meet requirement of nutrients and amino acids. The dietary CP was reduced by 0.75,1.5 and 2.25 per cent units. Th e treatments
with reduced CP level were supplied with synthetic threonine to need desired level of threonine as in control and all other amino acids were
met as per the standard requirements by supplying the limiting amino acids. The treatment without L-Threonine at reduced dietary CP levels
was maintained as a negative control. Dietary CP diets could be reduced by 1.5 per cent units with supplementation of L- Threonine without
affecting Body weight gain at the end of 42 days. Birds fed reduced CP diets with L-threonine supplementation on the N intake per bird per
day during the last three days of the metabolic trial period (39-42 days) significantly reduced in 2.25 per cent unit reduced CP with and
without L-threonine supplementation as compared to control group and rest of the groups remained non-significant. Nitrogen excretion
significantly increased by step down of dietary CP levels without L-threonine supplementation and L-threonine supplementation significantly
reduced N excretion at CP reduction of 2.25 per cent unit but not at 0.75 or 1.5 per cent unit CP reduction groups. Nitrogen retention
significantly reduced by step down of dietary CP levels without L-threonine supplementation and L-threonine supplementation significantly
increased N retention at CP reduction of 1.5 and 2.25 per cent units.
Keywords: Broilers, Crude protein, Threonine, Body weight, Nitrogen excretion
GNRSA-2020/217
THREATS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO AGRICULTURE REQUIRES IMPROVING CROP RESILIENCE
G. BABITHRAJ GOUD
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Crop Physiology, PJTSAU, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects,as climate change is the main cause of biotic and
abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate change in
different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global change
of atmospheric CO2 or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. Small-holder farmers are increasingly facing climate related induced
disasters and vulnerabilities affecting their lives and livelihoods, flash floods, periods of drought, disease infestation, saline intrusion,
deforestation and massive erosion of their farmlands resulting in crop failure and reduced food security. Action aid has introduced agro-
ecological approaches including disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate resilient sustainable agriculture (CRSA) to support small-holder
farmers adapt to these shocks and to reduce vulnerabilities.Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the negative impact of climate
variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically.The effects of climate change on the general
environment have been very significant most, especially in agricultural plants grown in these environments. In general, to Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), stresses are incurred on plants as a result of changes in the climatic conditions of the environment, which
has been concluded to be the most influencing factor affecting agricultural production at low lowlands mostly occupied by developing
countries. The increase in the carbon-dioxide (CO2) present in the atmosphere as a result of human activities affects the ambient temperature,
and rainfall pattern in terms of season, duration, intensity of sunshine, increased drought periods, water-logging, and increased
evapotranspiration. This influence negatively the development, yield and quality of the plants grown under this condition.The quests to
produce stress tolerant/resistant plants and increase crop productivity have led to the study of plant stresses, their response to different stress
type and stress management procedures in plants.However, in thus study these are major constraints to food supply and balanced
environment, leading most researchers into looking for good adaptation strategies for plants under this condition.Vulnerability to this kind of
stresses inhibited on plants due to climate change result to disruption in the plant metabolism processes, there-by incurring reduction in
aptness and quality of agricultural crop production. Major challenge being to understand how these plants react to different stressors, the
diversity response pathways elicited by them and their genetic determination.Developing more durable crops requires the provision of genetic
resources to identify useful traits through the development of screening protocols. Such traits can then become the objective of crop breeding
programmes.
Keywords: Climate, Weather, Abiotic, Stress, Transient Abiotic Stress, Resilience Crop Adaptation, Climate Change, Abiotic Stress
Management
GNRSA-2020/218
DETECTION OF SEED BORNE FUNGI OF CHILLI
G. K. GIRI, V. G. INGLE & GEETANJALI KAMBLE

Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. PDKV, Akola 444104
The seed borne fungi were detected in chilli seed samples collected from different locations by employing standard blotter paper method.
Seed samples recorded the incidence of ten fungi belonging to eight genera viz., Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria alternata, Cladsporium
sp., Drechslera sp., Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium moniliforme, Chaetomium sp., Aspergillus flavus,Penicillium sp. and Aspergillusniger.
Among these, C. capsici was found predominant fungi as it is recorded maximum (12%) association with chilli seed and found pathogenic
and wasresponsible for fruit rot of chilli.Thepositive relationship between fruit to seed infection was established,indicated that C. capsici
entered through the tissue of red chilli fruits and causing infection to the seed. Under seedling symptom test, F. moniliformeand F.
semitectum were responsible for seed rot and C. capsici transmissible from seed to plant causing seedling blight.
GNRSA-2020/219
STUDY THE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF FODDER I.E. MAKKHAN GRASS IN DHAR DISTRICT OF MADHYA
PRADESH, INDIA
G. S.GATHIYE1, K.S.KIRAD2, S.S.CHAUHAN3, J.S.RAJPOOT4 AND V. VERMA5

1,2,3,4
RVSKVV- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhar (M.P.)
5
SRF, Division of Genetics & Plant Propagation, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
A field trial was conducted during rabi season 2018-19 at research farm of RVSKVV-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh to
evaluate quality and yield parameters of rabi season forage crops. The trial was laid out in Randomized Block Design in five replications
with comprising of five treatments viz. local control (rye grass), Makhan grass, Oats, Berseem (JB-1) and Berseem (JB-5). Results showed
significantly maximum fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield under T 2-Makhan grass over remaining treatments (oat, Berseem and rye
grass). The highest leaf stem ratio (0.94) was registered in T 2-Makhan grass over remaining treatments. The Makkhan grass significantly
registered maximum green fodder yield (1210.2 q/ha) as compared to T 1-local control (rye grass) and T3-oat (565.50 and 668.60 q/ha),
respectively. The maximum dry fodder yield (89.8 q/ha) was recorded in treatment T 2-Makhan grass followed by T5-berseem JB-5 (78.9
q/ha) and T4-berseem JB-1 (75.2 q/ha) as compared to local control (48.5 q/ha). Whereas, the crude protein yield (13.22 q/ha) was found
maximum followed by T5-berseem JB-5 (11.40 q/ha) and T4-berseem JB-1 (11.16 q/ha) as compared to local control (10.12 q/ha). The
Makkhan grass is found suitable for the cultivation in Madhya Pradesh because of maximum production (total green and dry fodder) and
quality (protein content) improvement.
Keywords: Makkhan grass, leaf stem ratio, green fodder, dry fodder, crude protein yield
GNRSA-2020/220
CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE AND ITS EFFECT ON SOIL HEALTH
G.K. SURYA KRISHNA* AND CH. SUJANI RAO

Ph.D 1st year, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Bapatla, India – 522101
In India, the availability of crop residues is approximately 500 million tons/year. As per the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,
Government of India have estimated surplus biomass availability at about 120–150 million tons/annum.(MNRE, 2009). Of this, about 93
million tons of crop residues are burnt in each year (IARI, 2012). Burning of crop residues causes environmental pollution, produces
greenhouse gases causing global warming and results in loss of plant nutrients like N, P, K and S. Therefore, appropriate management of crop
residues assumes greater significance. Incorporation of crop residues into soil or retention on the surface has significant positive influence on
physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. These practice increases hydraulic conductivity and reduce bulk density of soil by
modifying soil structure and aggregate stability. Leaving substantial amount of crop residues evenly distributed over the soil surface reduces
wind and water erosion, increases water infiltration, moisture retention and improves soil organic carbon. The crop residues act as a reservoir
for plant nutrients, prevent their leaching, increase cation exchange capacity (CEC), improve biological nitrogen fixation, increase microbial
biomass and enhance enzyme activity.
Key words: crop residues, environmental pollution, global warming, aggregate stability, microbial biomass
GNRSA-2020/221
EVALUATION OF PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN L.) BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS FOR DIFFERENT DATES OF SOWING
IN MARATHWADA REGION OF MAHARASHTRA UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
G.R. PAWAR*, D.N. GOKHALE*1 AND P.N. KARANJIKAR**2

* Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Lokmangal College of Agriculture, Wadala
*1 Associate Dean and Principal, College of Agriculture, Parbhani.
**2 Associate Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai.
A field experiment entitled,, “Evaluation of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) based cropping systems for different dates of sowing in
Marathwada Region of Maharashtra under Rainfed Condition” was conducted at Department of Agronomy, VNMKV., Parbhani during
kharif 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The soil of experimental plot was deep black (vertisol) with good drainage. The experiment was laid out in
split plot design with two replications. In main plot treatment four sowing dates (D 1- sowing within a week period after regular
commencement of monsoon, D2- sowing 15 days after D1, D3- sowing 15 days after D2 and D4- sowing 15 days after D3) and in sub plot
treatments seven cropping system i.e. I1-pigeonpea+soybean (2:3), I2- pigeon pea+ pearlmillet (2:1), I3-pigeonpea+niger (2:3), I4-sole pigeon
pea, I5- sole soybean, I6- sole pearlmillet and I7- sole niger. The net plot size is 5.4 m x 4.8 m for each treatment. The results revealed that
sowing date D1 recorded maximum pigeon pea equivalent yield, gross monetary return, net monetary return as well as B: C ratio over date D 3
and D4 but which was on par with D2. Among seven cropping systems pigeonpea + soybean was recorded highest pigeonpea equivalent yield
over all other cropping systems. In case of GMR pigeonpea + soybean (I 1) cropping system was found significantly greater over pigeonpea +
pearlmillet (I2), Sole soybean (I5), sole pearlmillet (I6) and sole niger (I7) cropping systems but on par with pigeonpea + niger (I 3) and sole
pigeonpea (I4). During pooled result on system net monetary returns confirmed that pigeonpea + soybean (I1) cropping system was found
significantly superior over cropping systems pigeonpea + pearlmillet (I 2 ), sole pigeonpea (I4), Sole soybean (I5), sole pearlmillet (I6) and
sole niger (D1I7), but on par with pigeonpea + niger (I 3). Cropping systems Pigeonpea + niger (I3) and Pigeonpea + soybean (I1) confirmed
maximum B:C ratio (3.10 and 2.95) during pooled results.
Key words: Cropping systems, Dates of sowing, Pigeonpea
GNRSA-2020/222
PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT SOWING DATES AND CROPPING SYSTEMSON YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF
PIGEONPEA(CAJANUSCAJANL.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
G.R. PAWAR*, D.N. GOKHALE*1 AND I.A.B MIRZA**2

* Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Lokmangal College of Agriculture, Wadala *1 Associate Dean and Principal, College of
Agriculture, Parbhani.
**2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Parbhani.
A field experiment entitled, “Performance of different sowing dates on yield attributes and yield of pigeonpea(CajanuscajanL.) based
cropping system under rainfed condition” was conducted at Department of Agronomy, VNMKV., Parbhani duringkharif 2016-2017 and
2017-2018. The soil of experimental plot was deep black (vertisol) with good drainage. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with
two replications. In main plot treatment four sowing dates (D 1- sowing within a week period after regular commencement of monsoon, D2-
sowing 15 days after D1, D3- sowing 15 days after D2 and D4- sowing 15 days after D3) and in sub plot treatments four cropping system i.e. I 1-
pigeonpea+soybean (2:3), I2- pigeon pea+ pearlmillet (2:1), I3-pigeonpea+niger (2:3) and I4-sole pigeon pea. The net plot size is 5.4 m x 4.8
m for each treatment. The results revealed that Sowing date D1 produced significantly higher yield attributes,seed yield, straw yield and
biological yield over sowing dates D3 and D4 and which was followed by sowing dates D2 during both the year of investigation and pooled
results. Harvest index of pigeonpea did not show significant influence due to various treatments of sowing dates but sowing dates D3 and D4
recorded more HI than D1 and D2 sowing dates. Different pigeonpea based cropping systems evaluated under research investigation improved
the yield attributes, seed yield, straw yield and biological yield of pigeonpea. The seed yield of sole pigeonpea (I 4) found significantly
superior over pigeonpea + soybean (I1) pigeonpea + pearlmillet (I2), pigeonpea + niger (I3) during both the years of experimentation and
pooled results. Similar trend was found in respect of straw yield and biological yield of pigeonpea.Harvest index of pigeonpea did not reach
the level of significance in different cropping system treatments during both the years of research work. Pigeonpea + soybean cropping
system gives more harvest index than rest of the cropping system during 2016. During 2017 it was observed in pigeonpea + pearlmillet
cropping system.
Key words: Cropping systems, Dates of sowing, Pigeonpea, Yield.
GNRSA-2020/223
COVER CROPS - BEST COMPANION FOR CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
1
G.RAJITHA AND1B.BHAVANA
1
PhD Scholar,Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030
Agrarian’s most important concern at global level is how to overcome the environmental pollution, excessive and non-judicious use of
pesticides, pesticides residual load in environment and exhaustion of natural resources. These have impelled the researchers towards
conservation agriculture. Cover crops is one of the major pillars of conservation agriculture as it satisfies two major principles of
conservation agriculture viz., permanent soil cover and rotation of crops. Cover crops were mainly grown as green manure earlier, as animal
feed or to surpass the drought period in rainfed areas but now-a-days the most imperative use of cover crops is for the conservation
agriculture mainly in no-tillage or minimum tillage farming systems. Cover crops contribute indirectly to the overall soil fertility and health
by catching nutrients before they can leach out of the soil profile. The amount and availability of nutrients from cover crops will vary
depending on factors such as species, planting date, plant biomass, residual soil fertility and rainfall conditions. They are annual, biennial or
even perennial which can be a legume or non legume. There are four main categories of cover crops viz, Grasses, Legumes, Non legumes and
Mixtures. A permanent soil cover is important to protect the micro and macro-organisms in the soil with a constant supply of ‘food’ and alter
the microclimate in the soil for optimal growth and development of soil organisms, including plant roots. The residue from cover crops
enhances infiltration and reduces the evaporation through stimulating the growth of mycorrhizal fungi on crop roots, providing surface
residue, creating root channels for the following crop to use and improving the soil water holding capacity. It plays a crucial role in
sustainable agriculture production. “Cover crops reduce the dependence of farmers on agro-chemicals while enhancing overall agrosystems
performance. However, the inherent complexity of cover crop based systems hampers their adoption by conventional farmers. Therefore,
special management skills and alternative research and technology transfer approaches may be required to facilitate their adoptive use by
conventional farmers.
Key words: Cover crops, Soil quality, Soil fauna, Weeds Suppression, Sustainable production
GNRSA-2020/224
HORTICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE INTERCROPPING APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND FUTURE
1
G.RAMACHANDRAN, 2T.SHEELA 3 P.M MURALI 4S.KANNAN
5
T.MUTHUMANICKAM 6C.ARUNKUMAR MADHUVAPPAN 7A.MALARVIZHI
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vinayaka
Mission’s KirupanandaVariyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
Agriculture is the backbone of rural India. Farmers face struggle such as lack of timely availability of efficient workforce, as many have
migrated from country side. Hence, to reduce the burden of farmers, automation in the field of farming is necessary. Automated robots are
being developed over the earlier stage two decades to assist the agriculture performance like ploughing, sowing, weeding, pesticide spraying
and fruit picking all over the world. This paper deals with building up an indigenous low-cost semi-automatic robot prototype that carries out
a couple of farming processes. The goal of smart agriculture with the advent of IoT is to offer latest technology in agriculture and farming for
better crop production by gathering the active real-time status of crop and make the farmers appreciate the advancement in agriculture, with
lot of added features and benefits in order to improve the farming practices. The paper discussed about a proposed model of Smart Drone, an
eye in the sky for the crop land which is more successful than the satellite technologies to build a Smart Agriculture. Importance of public
cloud in agriculture is discussed as it can support resource sharing, cost saving and data storage. This article presents key technological
advances in the digital farming, which will have significant impact. Artificial intelligence based techniques, together with big data analytics,
address the challenges of agricultural production in terms of productivity and sustainability.
Keywords :- Agriculture, Robotics , semi-automatic robot, Smart Agriculture.
GNRSA-2020/225
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SOIL HEALTH OF POMEGRANATE ( PUNICA GRANATUM L.)
ORCHARD
GAJBHIYE BHAGYARESHA R. *, PATIL V. D. AND KACHAVE TEJSWINI R.

Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
The present investigation entitled “Studies on Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health, Disease Resistance and Nutrition of
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Orchards” was carried out during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 on the research farm of College of
Agriculture, Golegaon, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krushi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. The experiment was planned in randomized block design
with seven treatments i. e. T1- Absolute Control, T2- Farmer’s Practices (½ RDF), T3- RDF (625:250:250 g N, P2O5, K2O tree-1), T4- INM (
15 kg FYM + 8 ml Azotobactor, 8 ml PSB, 100 g Trichoderma + RDF), T5- RDF + Antibiotics (Streptocycline @ 250 ppm ), T6- T4 +
Antibiotics, T7- T4 + Umber (Ficus racemosa) Rhizosphere Hybridised Soil (URHS @ 25 kg per tree) and four replications. The result
revealed that soil pH, EC, organic carbon and calcium carbonate content were improved due to application of FYM @ 15 kg, Azotobacter @
8 ml per tree, PSB@ 8 ml per tree and Trichoderma @ 100 g per tree, 625:250:250 g N, P2O5 and K2O per tree and 25 kg URHS (T7). The
highest organic carbon content was recorded in surface and subsurface soil, due to application of treatment T7 at flowering. Also the same
treatment registered maximum available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at flowering and harvesting at 0-22.5 and 22.5-45 cm depth,
which was superior over all the treatments. In case of available N and P treatment T7 remains at par with treatment T 6 receiving FYM @ 15
kg, Azotobacter @ 8 ml per tree, PSB@ 8 ml per tree and Trichoderma @ 100 g per tree, 625:250:250 g N, P 2O5 and K2O per tree and
Streptocycline @ 250 ppm.
Keywords: Organic carbon, Available N, P, K, Umber (Ficus racemosa) Rhizosphere Hybridised Soil and Pomegranate)
GNRSA-2020/226
DOUBLING OF FARMERS INCOME THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: STRATEGIES AND OPTIONS
GAJENDRA SAHU, SUSHIL K. YADAV AND VIJAY K. PRAJAPATI

Students of M.Sc. Agriculture (Plant Pathology), AKS University, Satna (M.P.)
In Indian condition, the development of a country and their citizen depends on the success of the farmers. There are many factors and role of
the sustainable agriculture system have been found which are potential option for improvement of farmers income. But in current time Indian
farmers follow traditional farming system for cultivation. In India agricultural fields are divided into small and fragmented areas and these
fields are hugely based on the monsoon. Crop productivity is a field of uncertainty there are many factors present who directly affect the
productivity like soil health, environmental condition, rainfall etc. If we want to achieve our target to increase/doubling farmers income then
we find a ideas for reducing agricultural production cost and make innovative market system to increase the price of agricultural products and
with this find a potential sources for growth of the agricultural incomes like mixed farming, production of many pulses, use of renewable
energy source (i.e. Solar energy, Biogas), adopt many new technologies etc. Contribution of different combinations of farming system is
always impact on the income of the farmers. After some contemplated period of five to eight years farmers realize that their incomes are
increase with some social and ecological benefits.
Keywords: Doubling farmer income, sustainable agriculture, mixed farming, renewable energy source.
GNRSA-2020/227
ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FOREST DISEASES IN INDIA
GAURAV CHAND RAMOLA* AND AKSHITKUKRETI

Department of Forest Entomology, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
India is known as growing economic giant but the benefits of this progress are mostly confined to urban and semi-urban areas. More than
65% of the population in the country lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture and related avenues for their sustenance and livelihood
security. The responsibility of protecting tree crops from diseases and pests in the challenging environment is rising with increase in human
population and its needs. The crop losses due to pests are assessed to be ranging approximately between 10% to 30% of crop productions.
Status and importance of various diseases have changed over the years in India. Integrated disease management is a multidisciplinary
approach that seems promising to manage diseases effectively by integration of cultural, physical, biological and chemical strategies. Of the
diverse components in IDM, biocontrol is important, but notwithstanding their known efficacy, biocontrol formulations have only a
inadequate share in the national pesticide scenario. How to make biocontrol more effective, feasible and popular needs to be reviewed
thoroughly. Development and use of molecular techniques for pathogen detection, resistance identification and cloning of genes for resistance
seems very promising to realize the goal. So, further research thrust is needed in India to develop and utilize new novel technologies and
strategies like gene cloning, recombinant DNA technology and other biotechnological and molecular modules to minimize the crop losses
due to existing and new emerging diseases in the light of climate changes. Other specific areas of research like disease management using
RNA interferences or post transcriptional gene silencing, nanotechnology and integration of various technologies should draw attention.
Keywords: Biocontrol, Disease, Molecular markers, Biotechnology, Integrated disease.
GNRSA-2020/228
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE PHOSPHORUS LEVEL IN
BLOOD OF GANGATIRI COWS IN DIFFERENT SEASON
GAURAV JAIN1, RAM PAL SINGH1, NEERAJ1, SUAHMA2, BALVIR SINGH3, AJIT SINGH4, AND NG. JAMES SINGH1
Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying SHUATS, Prayagraj-211007, (U.P.)1
Department of Biotechnology, SHUATS, Prayagraj -211007, (U.P.) India.2
Scientific Officer, UPCAR, Lucknow, (U.P.) India. 3
Department of Animal Husbandry (U.P.), Government Veterinary Hospital Chilla Prayagraj. 4
In this study the effect of calcium and phosphorus supplementation on blood level of calcium in Gangatiri cows in different seasons. Sixteen
lactating Gangatiri cows from Livestock, SHUATS Prayagraj (Allahabad) were categorized in four groups, T 0, T1, T2 and T3, as per
supplementation of calcium and phosphorus in different seasons. All cows were housed in tail to tail barn under similar management
conditions. The experimental period was divided in three different seasons as winter, summer and rainy. Samples were collected of the
animals’ blood at the same time of the day (8:00) in January (winter season), May (summer season) and August (rainy season) and evaluated.
The results showed that the Phosphorus level in blood was significant higher in summer season but the phosphorus level in blood (4.56mg,
11.97% increase) was recorded in T3 group of animals where ration was supplemented with calcium and phosphorus followed by T 1 (4.13mg,
1.42% increase) where ration was supplemented with calcium, T 2 (4.19mg, 2.79% increase) where ration was supplemented with phosphorus
in comparison to control T0 (4.07 mg) where ration was supplied without calcium and phosphorus but winter and rainy season were non-
significant. This study suggests that seasonal and physiological conditions have to be taken into consideration for correct interpretation of
serum chemistry in bovine, in order to establish an accurate interpretation of laboratory data, which is critical in the diagnosis, prognosis and
treatment of diseases.
Keywords: Gangatiri cow, blood, seasons and phosphorus.
GNRSA-2020/229
ASSESSING GENETIC VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY IN WHEAT [TRITICUMAESTIVUML.]
GAURAV SHARMA*1, VINOD SINGH, K.P SINGH, ANKAJTIWARI,VIVEK SINGH AND ARVIND PATEL,
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,
AcharyaNarendra Deva University of Agriculture and technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India - 224229
The present investigation wasconducted at Main Experiment Station (MES) of A.N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi 2018-19. The study was undertaken to inheritance of grain yield and its components in ninety
varieties (45 indigenous and 45 Exotic) of bread wheat along with four checks. The experiment was laid out in Augmented Block Design.
The wide range of variation for different characters and comparison of means of germplasm line indicating existence of very high degree of
variability for all the characters in the indigenous as well as exotic lines of wheat.Almost high to moderate estimates of broad sense
heritability were recorded for tillers per plant followed by days to maturity, spikelets per spike, harvest index, test weight, days to 50%
flowering, grains per spike and for the peduncle length. The characters which exhibited higher estimates of PCV and GCV were, harvest
index and days to maturity. The high estimates of genetic advance in per cent of mean were recorded for harvest index, days to maturity,
tillers per plant and for plant height.
Key words: wheat, genetic advance, genetic variability, coefficient of variation, heritability, variability and heritability in wheat
GNRSA-2020/230
ANTICENSE RNA TECHANLOGY FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
GAURAV SINGH, SUDHANSU SINGH, RISHABH GUPTA, ANUJ KUMAR VERMA, AJEET KUMAR GUPTA
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Antisense technology is a promising tool that is used for the inhibition of gene expression. Using synthetic antisense oligonucleotides, it
targets genes at the level of mRNA, blocking the final step of protein production. Three types of antisense technology strategies can be
distinguished. It may be used to design new therapeutics for diseases in whose pathology the production of a specific protein plays a circle
role. Antisense technology is a tool that is used for the Inhibition of gene expression. The principle behind it is that an antisense nucleic acid
sequence base pairs with its complementary sense RNA strand and prevents it from being translated into a protein. The complimentary
nucleic acid sequence can be either a synthetic oligonucleotide, often oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) of less than30 nucleotides, or longer
antisense RNA (aRNA) sequences.
GNRSA-2020/231
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF DUAL PURPOSE MAIZE
GAURI MOHAN1 AND DR KHOGEN KURMI2

1
Ph.D. scholar, Department of Agronomy, SASRD, Nagaland University
2
Professor, Department of Agronomy, Assam Agricultural University
Maize production is rapidly increasing in India, largely due to the growing poultry industry. Dual purpose maize is needed to meet both the
poultry industry demand for grain and the demand for good quality stover to feed cattle. Field trial was conducted during rabi season of 2016-
17 at the Assam Agricultural University to assess the performance of dual purpose maize. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD. The
treatment consisted of eight crop management practices viz., Grain crop at 60 cm x 30cm (T1), Fodder crop at 30 cm x15 cm (T2), Fodder
cum grain crop at 30 cm x 30 cm with removal of alternate rows at knee-high stage for fodder (T3), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 30 cm
with removal of alternate rows at tasseling stage for fodder (T 4), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 30 cm with removal of alternate rows at
milking stage for fodder (T5), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 15 cm with removal of alternate rows at knee-high stage for fodder (T6),
Fodder cum grain crop (30 cm x 15 cm) removal of alternate row at tasseling stage for fodder (T 7), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 15 cm
with removal of alternate rows at milking stage for fodder (T 8) and two levels of fertilizer viz., F1: 100% of RDF and F2: 150% of RDF. The
highest grain yield being 34.21 q ha-1 and was produced from T1 which was at par with crop management practice T6, T7 and T8. However,
green fodder yield (164.04 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (35.31 q ha-1) was found to be highest in crop management practice T 2. Among the
fertilizer levels F2: 150% of RDF recorded the highest grain yield and green fodder.
Keywords: Dual, maize, fodder, tasseling, milking
GNRSA-2020/232
DIRECT REGENERATION PROTOCOL TO ASSIST MICROPROPAGATION TECHNOLOGY OF AN IMPORTANT HERB
PICRORHIZAKURROA.
GEETA RAWAT* AND A.K. GAUR

Bioprospecting and Metabolomics Lab, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Uttarakhand
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (263145)
In order to sustained maintenance of Picrorhizakurroa,direct regeneration protocol has been optimized using auxiliary shoot tips of varying
size as an explant.Auxiliary shoot tips were established in culture vessels containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal mediawith different
regimes of plant growth substances Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) (0mg/l-1.0mg/l)and Kinetin (Kn) (0mg/l-1.0mg/l) to observe their effect on
direct regeneration of shoots. Highest shooting was observed at BAP(0.5mg/l) and Kn (1.0mg/l) this observation was extrapolated as
92.33±2.08% towards shooting response based on average shoot number 24±1.73 and average shoot length 4.35±0.21(cm). Thesemicroshoots
were transferred into in vitro rooting MS media supplemented with various regimes of auxins 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)
(0.0mg/l-1.0mg/l) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.0mg/l-1.0mg/l).Upon recording the data of rhizogenesis, highest root frequency was
observed at 2,4-D(0.8mg/l) and IAA (0.4mg/l) this observation data of rooting was extrapolated toward 97±3.60% as a highest rooting
response based on average root number 19.33±2.08 and average root length 6.1±0.36(cm). In another study, leaf explants of varying sizes and
orientations were established in vitro in culture vessels having MS basal medium supplemented with different plant growth substances 0.75
mg/l IBA as an auxin and 0.75mg/l TDZ as a shoot inducing substance with different soluble Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP)(0-1.0mg/l)
concentration to combat with phenolics. It was found that PVP(0.25mg/l) concentration has the most suitable effect in order to control
adverse effect of phenolics.Our observations established a protocol for direct regeneration from auxiliary buds and leaf explants as well these
directly regenerated plantlets however are to be adjudged for hardening which in turn shall be utilized successfully for mass multiplicationof
this plant initially in a small area of farmers field of hilly terrains especially of Uttarakhand. Further such studies are quite important as they
provide rapid and large-scale propagation protocols if not completely then partially.
GNRSA-2020/233
DISTRIBUTION, PHYTO-SOCIOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY OF VIOLA SPECIES FROM JAMMU HIMALAYA
GEETA SHARMA AND TASIR IQBAL

Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu
Genus Viola in Jammu Himalaya is represented by Viola odorata, V. betonicifolia, V. pilosa, V. biflora and V. tricolor. All these species are
of therapeutic value. While V. odorata and V. pilosa is used as a remedy for whooping cough, headache, migraine and sore throat, plant parts
of V. betonicifolia are valuable for purification of blood and treatment of bruises etc. Besides, V. biflora is used as antiseptic, antispasmodic,
diaphoretic and laxative and V. tricolor as an ornamental. Presently, field trips were made to different areas and data have been recorded on
their distribution, phyto-sociology and cytology. The observations made regarding these aspects will be presented during presentation.
GNRSA-2020/234
EVALUATION OF PGPR ISOLATES WITH RHIZOBIUM FOR ENHANCING THE NODULATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF
PIGEONPEA
GEETANJALI KAMBLE1, G. K. GIRI 2 S.T. INGALE 2, R.V.ZANZAD3 AND A.W.THORAT1

1. Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. P.D.K.V, Akola, -444 104
2. Pulses Research Unit, Dr. P.D.K.V, Akola, -444 104
3. BSPU CDF, Wani Rambhapur Dr. P.D.K.V, Akola, -444 104
A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2019-20 at Pulses Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.)
to evaluate the combined performance of various PGPR isolates with Rhizobium on nodulation and grain yield of Pigeonpea (AKT-8811).
The PGPR isolates were procured from different agro climatic regions of India. The experiment was laid out in randomize block design with
three replications and eight treatments including control, a treatment of recommended dose of chemical fertilizer and six treatments of PGPR
isolates with Rhizobium. The carrier based culture of Rhizobium and PGPR isolates were inoculated @ 25 g/kg and 20 g/kg seed respectively.
The combined seed inoculation with Rhizobium (PKVPR-101) and PGPR-18-14 strains resulted in higher grain yield (1502 kg/ha) and
maximum (24.00 nodules /plant) nodulation among all the isolates.
Keywords: Pigeonpea; Rhizobium; PGPR; Nodulation; Biofertilizers
GNRSA-2020/235
HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION: A PHYTOREMEDIATION APPROACHES
GULZAR AHMAD, RENU GUPTA * AND HAZIQ SHABIR

Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu,
Chatha-180009, Jammu, India
Soil pollution due to heavy metals derived from anthropogenic activities is a major global concern. Detrimental effects of heavy metals on the
environment and human health are now well understood. A major challenge is removal and reduction of heavy metal contamination. Out Of
all the remediation techniques available for metal-contaminated soil, phytoremediation is the most cost-effective, environmentally friendly
and practical approach. Phytoremediation includes the removal, relocation, or reduction of contaminants using plants that hyperaccumulate
these contaminants. On the basis of the mode of action, phytoremediation is subdivided into subclasses such as phytostabilization,
phytofiltration, phytovolatilization, and phytoextraction. Soil contaminated with heavy metals is often deprived of nutrients and microbial
diversity, and the high concentration of heavy metals cause the plants to accumulate these metals or affect the growth and development of
plants. Phytoremediation is defined as the use of plants to remove, transfer, and degrade contaminants in soil, sediment, and water.
Phytoremediation uses living organisms, particularly plants and microorganisms, to reduce, eliminate, transform, and detoxify benign
products present in soil, sediments, water. Phytoremediation approaches involve different plant-based technologies with different modes of
action and mechanism, such as, Phytostabilization, Phytofiltration, Phytovolatilization, Phytoextraction, Phytodegradation and
phytotransformation. In other words, Phytoremediation technology, uses plants as filters for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming
contaminants to a less harmful form. Various biomonitoring tools are available for assessing the effectiveness of heavy metal
phytoremediation processes. In the future, additional studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of the plants. Despite few
disadvantages of phytoremediation technologies, it is an efficient method for environmental cleaning. With the advancement in the field of
genetic recombination technology, genetically engineered plants can be instrumental in the phytoremediation approaches for making
environment clean. Future studies should be focused on the combined use of more than one phytoremediation approach for the successful
remediation of the polluted area under field conditions.
Keywords: Heavy Metals; Hyperaccumulation; Phytoextraction; Phytofiltration; Phytostabilization; Phytovolatization
GNRSA-2020/236
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (MYMV) IN BLACKGRAM
(VIGNAMUNGO) GENOTYPES
1
H. CHANDRAJINI DEVI, 2V. PRASANNAKUMARI, 3W. TAMPAKLEIMACHANU, 4K. SARDA DEVI AND 5TABALIQUE
YUMKHAIBA
1,3,4
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, C.A.U, Imphal
2
Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Bapatla – 522 101, Andhra Pradesh
5
Research Scholar, ICAR-RC for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelphat-795004
The present study deals with biochemical changes of blackgram[Vignamungo (L.) Hepper] genotypes in reaction to mungbean yellow mosaic
virus infection. Based on modified MULLaRP scale (0-9), sixteen genotypes were screened formungbean yellow mosaic disease under field
conditions and recognized nine genotypes as resistant, oneas moderately resistant, four genotypes as susceptible and two as highly
susceptible. No genotypes were found immune or highly resistant against yellow mosaic disease. Biochemical parameters namely, total
phenols, total proteins, total chlorophyll, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity were estimated among the genotypes having
different degree of resistance. Upon infection, total phenols, total proteins content increased while total chlorophyll content has decreased in
all the genotypes. Genotype Co5 showed highest per cent increase (100.0%) of phenol content over corresponding healthy plants while it was
least in DKU-102 (32.8%).The highest increase in protein content of diseased plants over corresponding healthy plants was observed in LBG-
623 (53.9%) and the lowest was in KPU-21 (27.5%).Maximum reduction in chlorophyll content over the corresponding healthy plant was
observed in OBG-32 (62.2%) while minimum reduction was recorded in KPU-21 (37.4%).The highest peroxidase activity over the
corresponding healthy plant was recorded in KPU-21 (77.8%) on mungbean yellow mosaic virus infection.Maximum increase of PAL
activity in diseased over corresponding healthy genotype was recorded in OBG-32 (95.0%) and minimum in UG-218 (17.8%).
Keywords: Vigna mungo, Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus, biochemical parameters
GNRSA-2020/237
ZINC NUTRITION IN FINGER MILLET [ELEUSINE CORACANA (L) GAERTN.] FOR BETTER NUTRITIONAL SECURITY
H. P. DHOLARIYA1, V. J. ZINZALA2, J. V. PATEL3 AND V. M. PATEL

Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Navsari Agricultural University,
Waghai, Gujarat – 394730.
A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2015 to 2017 at Hill Millet Research Station, Waghai. (Gujarat) to find out the
effect of various sources of zinc on growth and yield in finger millet under hilly zone of southern Gujarat. Results of three years field study
revealed that higher crop yield of finger millet along with improvement in soil fertility can be obtained by adopting seed treatment with 30 %
ZnO @10 ml/kg seed + root dipping @ 0.5% ZnSO 4 along with recommended dose of NPK (40:20:0 kg/ha). The grain yield recorded under
treatment of 30 % ZnO @10 ml/kg seed + root dipping @ 0.5% ZnSO 4 was 3167, 2887 and 3104 kg/ha during 2015, 2016 and 2017,
respectively. Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % at 60 and 80 DAS had resulted in significantly higher zinc content in grain and straw over
other treatments. While, treatment of 30 % ZnO @10 ml/kg seed + root dipping @ 0.5% ZnSO4 resulted in significantly higher zinc uptake
by grain as well as straw of finger millet.
Keywords: Zinc deficiency, Root Dipping, Eleuscine coracana, finger millet.
GNRSA-2020/238
RESPONSE OF BT COTTON IN RELATION TO SUCKING PEST UNDER UNPROTECTED CONDITION
H. R. RAMANI, V. K. VEKARIYA AND M. C. PATEL

Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultre University, Athwafarm, Surat-395007, Gujarat
The data recorded during kharif 2019 for various parameters in unprotected condition at Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agriculture
University, Athwafarm, Surat-395007, Gujarat under AICRP on Cotton. Plant height and no. of monopodia were significantly differed among
BT genotypes under unprotected condition. Bolls per plant was observed significantly for GTHH-49 BG-II followed by AJIT -155 BG-II and
G.Cot.Hy-12 BG-II under unprotected condition while boll weight was significantly higher for AJIT -199 BG-II followed by BUNNY NCS-
145 BG-II and G.Cot.Hy-10 BG-II. Seed cotton yield (kg/ha) was significantly higher for AJIT -199 BG-II followed by AJIT -155 BG-II and
JAY BT under unprotected condition. Jassid population (No/3 leaves) was significantly differed among BT genotypes under unprotected
condition at 30, 60 and 90 DAS. Protein content was found in range of 2.25 to 8.75 mg/g of fresh leaf tissue under unprotected condition
while phenol content was in range of 2.41 to 4.45 mg/g of fresh leaf. Highest phenol content was recorded in AJIT -199 BG-II and lower
phenol content and higher reducing sugar was found in G.Cot.Hy-8 BG-II. Tannin content was found highest in ANKUR-3028 BG-II
followed by AJIT-155BG-II while it was lowest in RHC-II BG-II. Flavanoid and Gossypol content were significantly differed among BT
genotypes under unprotected condition. Highest Jassid population was found in RHC-II Bg-II (2.80/3 leaves).
GNRSA-2020/239
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS AND HETEROTIC RESPONSE IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN &
COSS]
1
H.G. PRAKASH, 2MAHAK SINGH AND 3AMIT TOMAR
1,2
3
An experiment was conducted at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology,
Kanpur-208002 using 45 F1s and 45 F2s each developed through 10-parent-diallel mating design for genetical studies was carried out in a
Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications during Rabi 2012-14. The observations were recorded on 12 characters
namely, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), leaf area index, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches,
number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seeds weight (g), harvest index (%), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant
(g). The best parents based on significant general combining ability effects and high per se performance common in both the generations
were Rohini, Kranti, Pusa Bold, Pusa Bahar and RLM-198 for yield per plant. Significant and desirable specific combining ability effects for
seed yield per plant were recorded in both the generations were Kranti x Rohini, Kranti x RLM- 198, Rohini x Pusa Bold and Rohini x Pusa
Bahar. Significant and desirable heterotic response for yield per plant (1.46 to 21.22%) with their per se performance from 18.79 to 25.25 g
more than population mean of 16.53 g except in three crosses (J.D.-6 x NDRE-4, RLM-198 x NDRE-4 and RLM-198 x RH-30).
GNRSA-2020/240
CRITERIA AND INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE FORESTS MANAGEMENT: A CASE OF AKOLA FOREST DIVISION,
MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
H.K.DESHMUKH*, Y.B.TAIDE, V.B.SHAMBHARKAR, U.R.CHINCHAMALATPURE, V.V.UJJAINKAR
College of Forestry, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, India
The first Earth Summit at Rio in 1992, it was realized that Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is an important element of Sustainable
Development. The over-exploitation and the consequent depletion of forests due to several biotic and abiotic factors over time poses a serious
threat to the livelihood of millions of poor people, biodiversity and ecology. In view of this, it is an imperative now to preserve the forests and
manage them sustainably so as to ensure livelihood security of the forest-dependent communities and ecological integrity of the country,
particularly of Akola District in Maharashtra. With view to harness the degradation and overexploitation of forest resources in the Akola
Forest Division, its periodic monitoring is essential. The Criteria and Indicators (C&I) is one of the world-recognized tools for SFM. The
present study was conducted in Akola Forest Division to identify set of indicators for SFM for forest in Akola forest division and study the
factors responsible for decrease and increase value of indicators. The methodological frame work for evolving C & I will be adopted were
developed for forests in Akola Division with community participation and different stakeholders together with approach for their data
collection and analysis of sustainability. In total 42 set of indicators have been identified out of which 32 are national indicators along with 10
site specific are applicable to forest in Akola Forest Division. The outcome of the project will be directly benefited to forest dwellers and the
government functionary for the assessment of the sustainability of the forest.
Key words: Criteria and Indicators, Sustainable forest management, increase value and decrease value, sustainability.
GNRSA-2020/241
GENETIC BASE OF INDIAN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) CULTIVARS REVEALED THROUGH PEDIGREE
ANALYSIS
H.P. MEENA* AND M. SUJATHA
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad- 500 030
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the world’s most important oilseed crops with a multitude of uses. Genetic base of this crop as
revealed by the pedigree records of released cultivars appears to be narrow because of the frequent use of the same parents and their
derivatives in heterosis breeding programmes. Pedigree analysis of 30 sunflower hybrids that have been released from 1980 to 2020 by public
sector through hybridization in the country traced back to a few ancestors and thereby increasing the genetic vulnerability to biotic (diseases
and insect pests) and abiotic (drought, salinity, heat) stresses. This appears to be insignificant part of the germplasm accessions conserved in
Indian gene bank. Rate of infusion of new germplasm in sunflower breeding programmes has also been slow due to repeated use of the same
germplasm for development of cultivars. This shows that a vast majority of accessions held in gene bank have made limited contribution in
development of modern cultivars. In sunflower, 30% hybrids developed through hybridization have CMS-234A as female parent in their
pedigree. Ancestors, RHA-95C-1 and CMS-17A appeared in 13% and 10% hybrids, respectively. Similarly, RHA-1-1, P-93R and RHA-6D-1
appeared in 7%, 7% and 10% cultivars, respectively. Only 6 parents (2 CMS & 4 R lines) could represent 33% of total genetic base of
sunflower cultivars developed in the country.This analysis revealed that genetic base of sunflower hybrids is narrow and needs immediate
corrective measures by involving trait specific germplasm accessions, exotic and wild relatives in breeding programmes for broadening the
genetic base of cultivars. With the advent of modern breeding tools and techniques including various molecular biology tools it has become
possible to incorporate genes from various divergent sources systematically in less time and with less financial resources for yield
improvement and stabilization. The utilization of wild Helianthus species will lead to broadening of genetic base thus increasing crop
resilience towards various biotic and abiotic stresses.
Keywords: Cultivars, Heterosis, Narrow genetic base, Sunflower, Wild species
GNRSA-2020/242
EFFECT OF LOW DOSE SPERM IN FRENCH MINI FROZEN SEMEN STRAWS ON IN-VITRO SPERM FUNCTIONS AND
SPERM KINETICS IN MURRAH (BUBALUS BUBALIS) BUFFALO BULL
HANUMAN P YADAVA*, T K MOHANTYA, M BHAKATA, R K DEWRYA, S NATHA, S A LONEA, S TIWARIA, R K
BAITHALUB, A K MOHANTYB AND P KUMARC
a
Artificial Breeding Research Centre (ABRC), ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana-132001
b
Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal,Haryana-132001
c
Semen Freezing Lab, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana-125001
In this study, four high-fertile (HF) Murrah bulls was selected on the basis of conception rate 41 to 52 %, respectively and a total of twenty
four samples (six ejaculates from each bull (6X4=24)) from four bulls was taken. Semen sample was collected from Murrah bulls using
artificial vagina (AV) methods twice a week and twice a day following standard procedure. Semen sample was diluted with Tris extender
keeping the concentration of the sperm, 80, 60, 40 and 20 million per ml for 20 million (M), 15 M, 10 M and 05 M per 0.25 ml per straw. In
low dose sperm of Murrah bulls, we studied the CASA parameters VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, TM, RM and in-vitro sperm functions,
structural sperm membrane integrity (CFDA-PI), acrosomal integrity (FITC-PNA and PI) capacitation status (CTC Assays) and lipid per-
oxidation. In the post-thaw VAP and VSL were significantly (P≤0.05) high in 10 M, 15 M and 20 M sperm doses as compared to 5M sperm
doses of high-fertile Murrah bulls. Further, TM differed significantly (P≤0.05) 5M, 10M, 15M and 20 M sperm doses whereas, the RM was
significantly (P≤0.05) higher in 15M and 20 M sperm doses as compared to 5M and 10M sperm doses in high-fertile bulls. The post-thaw
live sperm, F-pattern and LAI was significantly (P≤0.05) high in 10M, 15M and 20M sperm doses as compared to 5M sperm doses in HF
bulls. The post-thaw AR, LAR, DAI and lipid per-oxidation of sperm was significantly (P≤0.05) high in 5M, 10M and 15M sperm doses as
compared to 20 M sperm doses in high-fertile bulls. In conclusion, as compared to low dose sperm /straw (20M, 15M, 10M and 5 M); high
sperm doses (20M, 15M and 10 M) performed better during in vitro sperm function tests than the low sperm dose (<10 M). From the present
investigation we identified the extent of minimum dose of sperm/straw feasible for better used in high-fertile Murrah bull semen to fertility.
Key words: Buffalo bull, CFDA-PI, CTC assay, low dose semen, sperm kinetics.
GNRSA-2020/243
INDUCTION OF HOST RESISTANCE WITH PLANT DEFENSE ACTIVATORS AGAINST WHITE RUST OF MUSTARD IN
VARIETY DRMRIJ-31
HANUMAN SINGH*1, JITENDRA SINGH RANAWAT2 AND RATNOO, R. S3

*1 College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture University, Kota
2
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
3
Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur
Experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant defense activators on white rust of Indian mustard cultivar DRMRIJ-31 under artificial
epiphytotic conditions. The size of pustule due to white rust was recorded minimum as 0.30 mm, 1.47 mm and 3.13 mm at 70 DAS, 80 DAS
and 90 DAS, respectively in Metalaxyl 0.3 percent while 0.32 mm, 1.60 mm, 3.20 mm in Metalaxyl 0.2% during 2015-16. Although, the
maximum size of pustules were observed in control followed by zinc sulphate at 0.50% was 0.89 mm, 3.13 mm, and 5.60 mm during 2015-16
at 70 DAS, 80 DAS and 90 DAS. Among the abiotic chemicals, salicylic acid was recorded significantly better among all the treatments. The
number of pustules were recorded maximum in check was 7.47 and 7.33 followed by zinc sulphate at 0.50 % was 7.13 and 6.93 during 2015-
16 and 2016-17, respectively. Salicylic acid 0.25% reduces 38.41% white rust disease over the control followed by calcium sulphate at 1.0%
which reduces disease 29.91%. Zinc sulphate at 0.50% was found least effective abiotic chemical which reduce 9.81% disease.
Keywords: Mustard, white rust, Albugo candida, defense activators, Salicylic Acid, Metalaxyl
GNRSA-2020/244
DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME THROUGH HORTICULTURE
HARIOM KATIYAR, S.K. LODHI AND KALPANA SINGH

Sardar Vallbhabhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut
Horticulture has emerged as a core sector of agriculture over the past decade, growing steadily in annual area coverage and output.
Horticulture is seen as optimal option for crop diversification in agriculture. Per unit earning capacity of farmers is much higher than in case
of food grains and it also addresses environmental concerns. Nevertheless, most horticultural output requires specialised market linkages and
connectivity, post harvest infrastructure and to make this sector more remunerative, there is a need to address the constraints involved. The
productivity of vegetables and fruits was negligible in case of aromatic crops and spices. Therefore, there is more need to focus on aromatic
crops and spices in state programme as compared to other commodities. Honey production is a potential sector in horticulture; hence
apiculture should be integrated with fruit and vegetable production for increasing the income of farmers. Productivity growth in fruits and
vegetable was meagre over the past decade. This is only due to non-availability of quality planting material, dwindling status of natural
resources, abundance of resource poor farmers and low adoption of modern technologies. The challenge is to enhance productivity by
increasing the factor productivity of all the horticultural production inputs, and at the same time sustaining it by adoption of good practices
and precision farming principles. Hence, situation specific modern technologies should be identified/developed, refined/validated and
popularized. High cost of input in horticulture crops, prevalence of old and senile orchards, unorganized supply chain are the major bottle
neck, therefore, adoption of organic agriculture practices and farming system approach should be promoted for decreasing input cost and
ultimately increasing the income. Moreover, rejuvenation of old and unproductive orchard and organized marketing are also very important
for getting remunerative income. Facilitation of micro-irrigation in horticulture sector in rainfed areas. As reported 30% produce of
horticultural crops are being spoiled due to their perishability. So their perishable nature should be judiciously targeted based on assessment
of production and availability of market to escape unexpected low prices of produce due to high level of production. Based on a survey, it is
found that the major problems faced by horticulture farmers are finance, marketing, labour, storage, maintenance, education etc. Major thrust
areas for horticulture development are cluster approach linked with post-harvest management and marketing, market intelligence to promote
market led production, quality seeds and planting material, adoption of improved varieties and rejuvenation with improved cultivars, hi-tech
horticulture, precision farming and high density plantations to double our farmers income.
GNRSA-2020/245
CLIMATE CHANGE ON ORCHID’S LIFE: A REVIEW
HARISHKUMAR, K.,1 SEETHARAMU, G. K.2 AND RAMEGOWDA, G. K.3

Ph. D. Scholar, (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture), College of Horticulture, Bagalkote 1, Associate Professor and Head (Floriculture
and Landscape Architecture), College of Horticulture, Bengaluru 2 and Assistant Professor (Agril. Entomology), Regional Horticultural
Research and Extension Centre, Bengaluru3
Climate change has many consequences for plants and orchids are not exception from it. Orchidaceae is not only one of the most diverse
family of flowering plants, but also one of the most endangered plant taxa due to climate change. Orchids are one of the key species in the
forest ecosystem. The relationship of orchids with forest flora, fauna and dependence for several processes such as pollination, fungal
interference, microclimate and dispersal of seeds is a known fact. These complex interdependencies make orchids extremely susceptible to
the effects of climate change. It has caused early or delayed flowering and leading in losing the close relation of its pollinators which hinders
pollination and seed setting. The combination of high temperature and low rainfall makes forest susceptible to sudden forest fire which led to
extinction of local species. Irregular rainfalls are likely to impact on terrestrial orchid’s population. The severe frost in winter followed by
extreme dry spell in spring caused drying of epiphytic orchids in the host plant. Anthropogenic factors are directly reducing the distribution
and abundance of species in the name of hobby by collecting wild orchids and developmental activities taken up by deforestation and land
clearance. Hence climate change should be considered as biggest threats to orchids. Best protective measure like integrated orchid
conservation approach should be taken to restore the species.
GNRSA-2020/246
EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES APPLICATION TECHNIQUES ON THE SOIL MICROBES, NUTRIENT
UPTAKE AND YIELD OF RICE
HARSHITA SINGH, ANITA SHARMA, YV SINGH1 AND MC SINGH2

Department of Microbiology, GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, UK
1
Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
2
ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi
In order to study the effect of fertilizer nutrients (N, P, K and Zn) and pesticides (Machete, Ziram, Malathion and BHC) on the soil microbial
population, uptake of these nutrients and yield of rice, a field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 and 2020 at ICAR-
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Although in general, each fertilizer nutrients markedly increased the number of soil
microbes viz. fungi, actinomycetes, azotobacter and total bacteria but maximum microbial population was noticed when experimental soil
was fertilized with N, P, K and Zn. However, ziram exerted greater inhibitory effect on the activities of these soil microbes than other
pesticides. Application of N, P, K and Zn significantly increased the uptake of these nutrients by grains and plants at various growth stages on
other hand, none of the pesticides could show any marked effect on the uptake of these nutrients. The highest grain yield was recorded, when
half of N and K together with full dose of P were applied as basal and remaining half dosed of N and K were applied as foliar spray at pre-
flowering stage of crop. Pesticides also exerted favourable effect on grain yield of rice. Herbicide (Machete) was found most effective
followed by fungicide (Ziram) and insecticides (Malathion and BHC).
GNRSA-2020/247
RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION
HARSHITA VYAS, S. K. PYASI AND R. K. JAISWAL

Dept of Soil and Water Engg, Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P)
National Institute of Hydrology, Bhopal (M.P)
In a modern scenario, reservoir sedimentation is vital problem as every reservoir are bound to suffer a loss in their storage capacity potential
because of silt load, for short or long period of time.The capacity and useful life of reservoir should be known for harvesting the maximum
quantity of water in the whole year for treatment plant, irrigation, hydroelectricity, flow balance, flood control etc. To assess sedimentation in
reservoir conventional techniques used for the evaluation of the reservoir capacity and the sedimentation in a reservoir, like inflow outflow
technique and hydrographic survey, Integrated bathymetric survey etc are cumbersome, clumsy, time consuming and uneconomical, and even
they involve huge manpower. An alternative of traditional methods, GIS & Remote sensing technique is used in present work to compute the
loss of storage capacity and sedimentation in Kharkhara reservoir situated in durg district, Chhattisgarh state, India. Eight scenes of Linear
Image Self Scanning (LISS III) digital data of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satelliteIRS-R2/P6 have been imported and normalized
difference water index (NDWI), image rationing and slicing techniques have been implemented to detect the water and non-water pixels from
the images using Integrated Land and Water Information System 3.0 (ILWIS 3.0), a GIS software. The revised water spread area at various
elevations has been computed which will provides the revised capacity of the reservoir.Results of the this study indicates that 161.134MCM
of Gross storage capacity of Kharkhara Reservoir during 2017 . The volume of sediment deposition in between the maximum and minimum
levels (333.74 and 309.37) is 8.406 MCM. If the rate of sedimentation in the reservoir is assumed to be constant over the period of 50 years
(1967-2017), the rate of sediment deposition may come out as 0.16MCM/year.
Keywords: Reservoir Siltation, Revised Capacity, GIS, Kharkhara Reservoir
GNRSA-2020/248
CHARACTERIZATION AND PRODUCTION OF NOVEL ACE-INHIBITORY BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM
FERMENTED GOAT MILK USING POTENT LACTOBACILLUS CULTURES
HEENA PARMAR*, SUBROTA HATI, AMAR A. SAKURE AND JB PRAJAPATI

Dept., Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat, India
Goat milk is also popular for its therapeutic effects on the population havingallergic problems to the cows’ milk. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
is an important bacteria in various fermented milk products. LAB widely distributed in nature and found as indigenous micro flora in raw
milk and fermented milk with spontaneous fermentation and its proteolytic activity is very important in producing flavor compounds of the
end product. Fermented goat milk has been shown to have greater health advantages, including anti-allergenic, anti-microbial,
antihypertensive and anti-carcinogenic attributes.In the study, two Lactobacillus cultures i.e. L. casei (NK9) and L. fermentum (LF) were
studied for their proteolytic activity, di and tripeptidase activity, ACE-inhibitory activity and peptides production under optimized growth
condition from fermented goat milk (Capra aegagrus hircus). NK9 and LF were found to be a strong proteolytic culture with 2.0% rate of
inoculation after 48 h. LF (10 kDa retentate) produced maximum peptides among all the retentates of the fermented goat milk. Goat milk
fermented with NK9 (10 kDa permeates) exhibited peptide sequence i.e. AFPEHK which had ACE inhibitory activity, matched with goat
milk protein databases of AHTPDB. Goat milk fermented with NK9 (3 kDa permeate) showed peptides sequence DERFFDDK. This peptide
sequence derived from CASK_CAPHI Kappa-casein which has encrypted the hypertensive peptides (DERF, RFF and FFD). However, L.
casei (NK9) and L. fermentum (LF) could be explored for the production of ACE inhibitory peptides from fermented goat milk.
KEY WORDS Fermented goat milk, Lactobacillus, Proteolytic, ACE-inhibitory, Peptide AHTPDB
GNRSA-2020/249
EVALUATE THE VASE – LIFE AND POST HARVEST STUDIES OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GLADIOLUS (GLADIOLUS
GRANDIFLORUS L.): A REVIEW
HEMANT KUMAR, PRADEEP KUMAR SAHU, AZLAN KHAN AND SUBHNITA SAHU
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture
Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri, Rajnandgaon (C.G.) India
The present investigation entitled “Evaluate the vase – life and post harvest studies of different varieties of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus
L.) was conducted during the period of October 2018 to March 2019 at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Pt. K.L.S.
College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri Rajnandgaon (C.G.). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized
Design with three replications. Nine gladiolus cultivars (African Star, Friendship, Hunting Song, Priscilla, Punjab Dawn,
Regency, Sancerre, Sunayana, and Swapnil).The observations on different post harvest and biochemical parameters were
recorded and the results obtained are summarized below. Swapnil recorded the best performance with respect of most of the pos t
harvest parameters i.e. days to opening of 5th florets, days to withering of 5th florets, number of florets open at a time,
percentage of open florets/spike, water uptake on 5th day (ml), total water uptake (ml), vase- life (days) and pigment content.
Regency show the best performance with respect of days to opening of 3 rd and 4th florets, days to withering of 3 rd and 4th florets.
The maximum diameter of 3 rd, 4th 5th florets and reducing sugar was recorded with cv. Priscilla. The maximum Non- reducing
sugar & total sugar was recorded with cv. Friendship while dry weight of cut spikes at senescence was recorded with cv. Punjab
Dawn.
Key words: Gladiolus, Cultivars, vase- life biochemical, post harvest, parameters and spikes.
GNRSA-2020/250
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CHRYSANTHEMUM
(DENDRANTHEMA GRANDIFLORA TZVELEV)
HEMANT KUMAR, PRADEEP KUMAR SAHU , AZLAN KHAN AND SUBHNITA SAHU
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri ,
Rajnandgaon (C.G.) India
The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora
Tzvelev)” was conducted during August 2018 to January 2019 at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Pt. K.L.S.
College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri Rajnandgaon (C.G.). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized
Design with three replications. Standard chrysanthemum cultivar Hybrid-2 was used for the experiment. Six PGR treatments
consisted of three concentrations each of GA 3 and NAA i.e. GA3 (200 ppm, 150 ppm and 100 ppm) and NAA (200 ppm, 125
ppm and 75 ppm). The observations on different growth, flowering, and vase life parameters were recorded. Plant height (cm), plant
spread (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), leaf stalk length (cm) and number of suckers per
plant at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting were recorded by (GA 3 200 ppm) during all the stages of observation followed by T 3 (GA3 150
ppm) and T2 (GA3 100 ppm), respectively. The minimum plant height (cm), plant spread (cm), number of branches per plant, number of
leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), leaf stalk length (cm) and number of suckers per plant at 45, 60 and 75 DAP was recorded by treatment T1
(control). The earliest first flower bud appearance and first flower opening was recorded by T4 (GA3 200 ppm) followed by T3 (GA3 150
ppm) and T2 (GA3 100 ppm). The most delayed first flower bud appearance and first flower opening was recorded by T 1 (control). The
maximum number of flowers per plant, flower stalk length (cm), flower diameter (cm), flowering duration (days), vase life of flower (days),
total water uptake (ml) and diameter (cm) of fully opened flower in vase was recorded in T 4 (GA3 200 ppm) followed by T3 (GA3 150 ppm)
and T2 (GA3 100 ppm), respectively. The minimum number of flowers per plant, flower stalk length (cm), flower diameter (cm), flowering
duration (days), vase life of flower (days), total water uptake (ml) and diameter (cm) of fully opened flower in vase (cm) was recorded by T1
(control).
Keywords: Chrysanthemum, PGRs, vase – life, petals, stalk length flowering duration etc.
GNRSA-2020/251
GREEN MANURING: AN OPTION TO INCREASE SOIL FERTILITY AND CROP PRODUCTION
HILLEL M CHISHI1*, TAKHELMAYUM MALEMNGANBI1 AND LENMEM YOSUNG1

Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development,
Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland-797106
The positive role of green manuring in crop production has been known since ancient time. Importance of this soil ameliorating practice is
increasing in recent years because of high cost of chemical fertilizers, increased risk of environmental pollution, and need of sustainable
cropping systems. Green manuring can improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and consequently crop yields. Furthermore,
potential benefits of green manuring are reduced nitrate (NO 3 −) leaching risk and lower fertilizer N requirements for succeeding crops.
However, its influence may vary from soil to soil, crop to crop, environmental variables, type of green manure crop used, and its
management. Beneficial effects of green manuring in crop production should not be evaluated in isolation; however, in integration with
chemical fertilizers. The objective of this article is to review green manuring as a good option to increase Soil Fertility and Crop production.
Keywords: Green manuring, crop, soil fertility, fertilizers and soil.
GNRSA-2020/252
SORGHUM BICOLOR’S PROTEOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME RESPONSE TO SALINITY
HIMANI PUNIA1*,JAYANTI TOKAS1,SURINA BHADU1, SONALI SANGWAN2, SHIKHA YASHVEER2AND SATPAL3

1
Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India
2
Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India
3
Forage section, Department of Genetics &Plant Breeding,College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana
Sorghum bicolor is a gluten free C4 cereal grown in arid and semi arid tropics.It is not only an important food source but also a potential
model for studying and gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salt stress mechanisms in cereals. To increase the
plant salt-tolerance, there is a need for understanding the mechanisms of salt limitation on plant growth and the mechanism of salt tolerance
at the whole-plant, organelle and at the molecular levels. A genome wide change in protein and gene expression was monitored in sorghum
genotypes viz. SSG 59-3 (salt-tolerant) and PC-5 (salt-susceptible)following exposure of seedlings to salinity (100 and 120 mMNaCl). The
sorghum proteins/genes involved under salinity includes, proteins involved in regulation, growth, transport,membrane/protein turnover/repair,
metabolism, dehydration protection, reactive oxygen scavenging, andplant defense.Real-time PCR was used to quantify changes in relative
mRNA abundance for NCED3, LEA3, GPX and HKT1 genesthat responded to NaCl stress. There was 4-fold increase in relative gene
expression in SSG59-3 at 120 mMNaCl while the fold change was only 1.2 in PC-5 in comparison to control. Identification of genes involved
in defense mechanism and ion transporters governs salt tolerance to sorghum genotypes.In present experiment, a number of differentially
expressed protein spots were identified by label free quantification (LFQ) under salinity.The differentially expressed proteins under100 and
120 mMNaClwere associated with important physiological processes such as defense, energy production, carbon metabolism, cellular
signaling, redox status control, and stress metabolism.Thus, the results indicated thatat 120mM concentration, elevated level of proteins and
geneswere related to biochemical, morphological and molecular changes in sorghum governing tolerance under salinity.
GNRSA-2020/253
IMPACT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT (INM) ON PLANT GROWTH AND FLOWERS YIELD OF
AFRICAN MARIGOLD (TAGETES ERECTA L.)
HIMANSHU KAUSHIK*, J. P. SINGH* , AMRENDRA KUMAR* AND RAJAT SINGH**

*Department of Horticulture, Gochar Mahavidhyalaya, Rampur Maniharan, Saharanpur (U.P.)
**Department Of Horticulture, S.B.V.P. Agriculture University, Modipuram, Meerut
The present investigation entitled "Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on plant growth and flowers yield of African marigold
(Tagetes erecta L.)" was carried out at Department of Horticulture, GMV College Rampur Maniharan affiliated with CCSU, Meerut (U.P.)
October 2017-February 2018. The recommended dose of organic nutrients or fertilizers (RDF) was applied with vermicompost, Farm Yard
Manure (FYM), Poultry manure azotobacter and Phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) in different ratios. The result showed that the
maximum plant height was recorded under T3 (100%RDF + Vermicompost) treatment and plant spreading, diameter of plant, number of
primary and secondary branches and in the flowering parameters i.e. bud initiation, number of flowers per plant, total flower yield were
recorded maximum under T6 (75% RDF + vermicompost + azotobacter) treatment. The flower weight and flower size were recorded
maximum under T12 (50% RDF + Vermicompost + Azotobacter), while all growth parameters of plants and flowers were found minimum
under reference.
Keywords: Integrated Nutrient Management, Marigold, Farm yard manure, vermicompost, Phosphate solubilising bacteria.
GNRSA-2020/254
STUDY THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SPACING ON GROWTH PARAMETERS OF MARIGOLD (TAGETES ERECTA L.)
CV. PUSA NARANGI GAINDA
HIMANSHU KUMAR1, J. KUMAR1, G.R. KISHOR2, PAVITRA DEV1

1
Department of Horticulture, C.C.S. University, Campus, Meerut
2
C.C.R. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar
A field experimental research was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, C.C.S. University, Campus, Meerut, (U.P.), during 2017-18
and 2018-19 to examine the effect of nitrogen and spacing on growth parameters of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda.
The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (F.R.B.D.) with three replications. The results revealed a significant
response of different nitrogen and spacing and their interaction on vegetative growth parameters of marigold. Among four different nitrogen
levels viz; 0, 150, 200 and 250 kg N/ha, pooled results indicated that the application of 250 kg nitrogen per hectare gave the significant effect
on growth attributing parameters viz. plant height (87.48 cm), primary branches per plant (17.44), secondary branches per plant (23.86), plant
spread (41.78 cm), diameter of main stem (1.57 cm), fresh weight of plant (253.72 g) and dry weight of plant (53.27 g). Similarly, among
four different spacing viz; 30x30 cm, 45x30 cm, 45x45 cm and 60x45 cm, pooled results indicated that the maximum plant height (86.28 cm)
recorded at closer spacing i.e. 30x30 cm and maximum fresh weight (270.80 g) and dry weight (56.80 g) of plant at spacing i.e. 45x45 cm,
while maximum primary branches per plant (18.39), secondary branches per plant (25.13), plant spread (42.70 cm) and diameter of main
stem (1.63 cm) was observed under maximum spacing i.e. 60x45 cm. As for as the interactions of nitrogen levels and spacing are concerned,
the maximum plant height (94.06 cm) was recorded under the application of 250 kg N/ha and spacing 30x30 cm (N 3S1) and maximum
numbers of primary branches per plant (21.06), secondary branches per plant (27.99), plant spread (48.29 cm) and diameter of main stem
(1.76 cm) under the application of 250 kg N/ha and spacing 60x45 cm (N 3S4) while maximum fresh weight of plant (314.33 g) and dry
weight of plant (65.73 g) was recorded with the application of 250 kg N/ha and spacing 45x45 cm (N 3S3).
GNRSA-2020/255
IMPACT OF SEASON ON SOFTWOOD GRAFTING IN CHAMPACA (MICHELIA CHAMPACA LINN.) CV. SOUNDARYA
UNDER KONKAN AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
HM MANE,NV DALVI,RG KHANDEKAR, VG SALVI, BRSALVI,RT BHINGARDE AND SR BHAGWAT

Email: harshadamane323@gmail.com
The present investigation entitled “Studies on softwood grafting in champaca (Micheliachampaca Linn.) cv. Soundarya” was conducted at
nursery No. 4, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture Dr. B.S.K.K.V. Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2017-18. The
experiment was executed in randomized block design with twelve treatment of grafting, the period of grafting was January, 2018 to
December, 2018. Propagation was done by softwood grafting. The grafts were tied in different season at every second fortnight suchas T 1:
Grafting during second fortnight of January to T 12: Grafting during second fortnight of December, 2018. The sprouting parameters like days
required for sprouting, sprouting percentage, survival percentage and the growth parameters such as number of leaves, length of new sprout,
length of leaf, leaf area, girth of plant were recorded. During the investigation period grafting during second fortnight of May (T5) has shown
significant result’s like minimum days required for sprouting (13.20 days), sprouting percentage (98.67%), survival percentage (86.67%),
number of leaves (10.00), length of new sprout (7.49 cm), girth of plant(9.00 mm). While significantly maximum length of leaf (19.92 cm),
leaf area (77.62cm2) was observed in treatment T4(Grafting during second fortnight of April). All observations were recorded at the end of 90
days after grafting except days required for sprouting and percent sprouting. It was concluded that propagation through softwood grafting in
the treatment T4 and T5i.e. Grafting during second fortnight of April and May months had proved to be the best months for propagation under
konkan region of Maharashtra.
Key words: -Champaca, softwood grafting, season.
GNRSA-2020/256
PROFILE OF THE FARMERS
HOLKAR S.C.1, KADAM J. R.2, EKHANDE Y. S.3 AND RAYKAR S. S 4

1, 3 & 4. Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Dr. BalasahebSawantKonkanKrishiVidyapeeth,
2. Associate Professor, Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Dapoli (M.S.)
The present study was conducted in Mahad and Khalapurtahsils of Raigad district of Konkan region. The sample was constituted 120
respondents drawn from twelve villages of two tahsils. The respondents were interviewed with the help of a specially designed schedule. The
ex-post-facto research design was used for the present study. The main objective of this study is to study Profile of the farmers. The analysis
of data revealed thatthe average age of the respondents was 50 years.majority 45.00 per cent of the respondents were found with secondary
level of education. This may be due to the availability of schools and high schools at village level and higher secondary education at taluka
level.nearly nine out of ten respondents had marginal land holding. The findings resemble to the overall scenario of Konkan agriculture,
wherein pre dominance of small and marginal farmers is seen.the average area under cultivation was quite satisfactory. Owing to typical
geographical situation particularly in industrial area of Konkan region, where average size of area under cultivation was comparatively low.
The majority (60.84 per cent) of the respondents had ‘medium’ farming experience. The majority (93.35 per cent) of the respondents found to
be in the ‘medium’ annual income. The majority (54.17 per cent) of the respondents had ‘poor’ cropping pattern. The majority (78.34 per
cent) of the respondents found to be in the ‘medium’ level of information seeking behavior,This makes evident that awareness and
importance attached to information seeking by the respondents. The majority (63.33 per cent) of the respondents found to be in the ‘medium’
level of risk preference. The majority (60.84 per cent) of the respondents found to be in the ‘medium’ scientific orientation
Key words: - Profile of the farmers
GNRSA-2020/257
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PROFILE OF THE FARMERS AND PERCEIVED EFFECT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON
AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS
HOLKAR S.C.1,KADAM J. R.2,EKHANDE Y. S.3ANDRAYKAR S. S.4

2. Associate Professor, Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Dapoli (M.S.)
The present study was conducted in Mahad and Khalapur tahsils of Raigad district of Konkan region. The sample was constituted 120
respondents drawn from twelve villages of two tahsils. The respondents were interviewed with the help of a specially designed schedule. The
ex-post-facto research design was used for the present study. The main objective of this study is to study association between profile of the
farmers and perceived effect of industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors.The analysis of data revealed thatthe correlation coefficient
of age and perceived effect of industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors was found to be negative but significant at 0.01 level of
probability.The correlation coefficient of education and perceived effect of industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors was found to be
positive and significant at 0.05 level of probability. The correlation coefficient of land holding and perceived effect of industrialization on
agriculture and allied sectors was found to be negative but significant at 0.05 level of probability. The correlation coefficient of area under
cultivation and perceived effect of industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors was found to be positive and significant at 0.05 level of
probability. The correlation coefficient of farming experience and perceived effect of industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors was
found to be negative but significant at 0.05 level of probability.The correlation coefficient of annual income and perceived effect of
industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors was found to be negative but significant at 0.05 level of probability.The correlation
coefficient of cropping pattern and perceived effect of industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors was found to be negative and non-
significant.the correlation coefficient of information seeking behaviour and perceived effect of industrialization on agriculture and allied
sectors was found to be negative but significant at 0.05 level of probability.The correlation coefficient of risk preference and perceived effect
of industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors was found to be negative but significant at 0.01 level of probability.The correlation
coefficient of scientific orientation and perceived effect of industrialization on agriculture and allied sectors was found to be negative but
significant at 0.05 level of probability.
Key words: - Association, profile of the farmers and perceived effect of industrialization
GNRSA-2020/258
BIOCHAR –AN ALTERNATIVE FOR ACID SOIL RECLAMATION
HRANGBUNG JURIST ANAL1* AND TABUILIU ABONMAI2

1
Department of Agricultural ChemistryandSoil science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University,
Medziphema, Nagaland
2
Department of Agronomy,College of Agriculture,Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur
Acidic soils are extensively found in north-eastern region of India. Out of a total geographical area of 26 mha, more than 21 mha is occupied
by acid soils.Soil acidity coupled with nutrients deficiencies and mineral toxicitiescauses limited crop productivity. The practice of lime
application has been followed for optimum crop production. However,it is often not always practicable for farmers to apply high rates of lime
and fertilizer P to the acid soils.Thus, there is a need for improving and remediating acidic soilsby developing practicable alternatives.Biochar
is one such alternative. Biocharis a carbon-rich material produced by pyrolysis using different biomasses with a temperature of about ≤ 700°C
in the absence or limited supply of oxygen. It has been widely reported thatbiochar can ameliorate acidic soils and increase crop
productivity.Biochar application improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils such as the soil pH, bulk density,
water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and increased microbial activity. Biochars with greater liming
potential can provide greater benefit to acid soils through frequent additions at lower application rates.Crop yield improvements with biochar
have been demonstrated frequently for acidic soils. This review suggests that biochar amendment is a viable way of improving the quality of
acidic soils and enhancing crop production. Further research on biochar amendment will increase our understanding on the interactions of
biocharwith components of acid soils, speed up our effort on soil remediation, and improve crop production.
Keywords: Biochar, Pyrolysis, Amendment
GNRSA-2020/259
ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM BLACK SEED (NIGELLA SATIVAL.)
1
IFTIKHAR ALAM, 2N.C SHAHI, 3U.C LOHANI, 4ANIL KUMAR AND 5OM PRAKASH
1
Ph.D scholar, 2,5 Professor and 3,4JRO
1,2,3
Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Technology
4
Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture
5
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities
G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttrakhand,India
Black seed (Nigella sativaL.)is an annual herb belongs to Ranunculaceae family. This is also known as black cumin seed.Oil extracted from
the black seed can be used in traditional medicine and modernfood applications. In the present study, black seed oil was obtained by
ultrasonic extraction. The effects of different ultrasonication powers, extraction time, and liquid–solid ratios on the yield of black seed oil
were investigated. Black seed converted into the powder (1mm) and utilized for extraction of oil. Black seed oil was extracted with different
combinations of ultrasound power (150, 200,250 W), treatment time (15, 30, 45 mins) and solvent volume (10, 15, 30 ml/g). Box Behnken
design of RSM is used to optimized the process parameters. As a result, the highest yield of 37.52% was attained at the ultrasound power of
200 W,ultrasound treatment time of 45minutes and solvent volume 1:20. It shows that the ultrasound assisted extraction can enhance the oil
yield and reduce the extraction time.
Keywords: Black Seed, ultrasound assisted extraction, RSM
GNRSA-2020/260
PHENOLOGICAL GROWTH STAGES OF THE GRAPEVINE (VITISVINIFERA L.) BASED ON THE EXTENDED BBCH-
SCALE UNDER KASHMIR CONDITIONS
IKRA MANZOOR, AMIT KUMAR, M K SHARMA AND A S SINDOURI
Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar
The extended BBCH scale is a system for a uniform coding of phenologically similar growth stages of plants using a decimal code system.
Each code has a description and important growth stages have additional drawings included. The first digit of the scale refers to the principal
growth stage and the second digit refers to secondary growth stage which corresponds to ordinal number or percentage value. The
phenological development of the grapevine is divided into growth phases (principal growth stages 0-9) and each growth phase is subdivided
into growth steps (secondary growth stages 0-9).A two digit case is attached to each growth stage. The description and coding of the
phenological growth stages cover the period between dormancy and leaf fall. The phenological growth stages are: 0: Sprouting/bud
development (00: Dormancy, 01: Bud swelling, 03: End of bud swelling,05: Wool stage, 07: Beginning of bud burst,09: Bud burst), 1: Leaf
development (11: First leaf unfolded,12: 2 ndleaf unfolded, 13: 3rdleaf unfolded, …………….till……. 19: nine or more leaves unfolded), 5:
Inflorescence emerge (53: Inflorescence visible, 55: Inflorescence swell, 57: Inflorescence fully developed), 6: Flowering (60:flowerhoods
detach, 61: beginning of flowering,62: 20 per centflowerhoods fallen, 63: 30 per centflowerhoods fallen, ……, 68: 80 per cent flowerhoods
fallen, 69: End of flowering), 7: Development of Fruits (71: Fruit set, 73: Berries groat-sized, 75: Berries pea-sized, 77: Beginning of berry-
touch, 79: complete berry- touch), 8: Ripening of berries (81: Beginning of ripening, 83: Berries develop colour, 85: Berry softening, 89:
Berries ready to harvest) and9: Senescence (91: After harvest, 92: Leaf discolouration, 93: Beginning of leaf fall, 95: 50 per cent leaf fall, 97:
End of leaf fall, 99: Harvested product).
GNRSA-2020/261
RECENT ADVANCES IN MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF TEMPERATE FRUIT CROPS
IKRA MANZOOR, AMIT KUMAR, A S SINDOURI, TAJAMUL FAROOQ WANI AND SHARBAT HUSSAIN
Conventional method of plant breeding for genetic improvement would not be a better option owing to its difficult, expensive and time
consuming breeding techniques. Alternatively,non-conventional breeding method like Marker assisted selection is more precise for selection
of plants carrying genomic regions that are involved in the expression of traits of interestthrough molecular markers with the development
and availability of an array of molecular markerand dense molecular genetic maps in crop plants. MAS havebecome possible for the traits
governed by major genes as well as quantitative trait loci (QTL).The success of MAS depend on many critical factors such as the number of
target genes to be transferred, the distance between the target gene and the flanking markers, number of genotypes selected in each breeding
generation, the nature of germplasm and the technical options available at the marker level. The power and efficiency of genotyping are
expected to improve with the advent of markers like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).MAS has been used for the improvement of a
number of quantitative traits in temperate fruit crops like red skin color due to(Anthocyanin pigment-Cyanidin 3 galactoside) in Apple (Malus
xdomesticaBorkh) governed by (MdMYB1) gene,mealiness-an undesirable trait in Apple (Malus xdomesticaBorkh) during storage due to loss
of flesh firmness governed by(MdPG 1) gene, red berry color in Grapes (Vitisvinifera L.) due to (Anthocyanin pigment) governed by
(VvMybA-1) gene,muscatflavor in Grapes(Vitisvinifera L. subsp. sativa) governed by(VvDXS) gene, evergrowing habit of Peach
(PrunuspersicaL.) governed by (evg) gene, scab resistance in Pear (Pyruscommunis L.) governed by (Vnk ) gene. So, to speed up the
breeding process MAS can be a reliable method and it can reveal valuable information about genetic diversity.
GNRSA-2020/262
FLESH MEALINESS DURING STORAGE IN APPLE (MALUS X DOMESTICA. BORKH) – AN UNDESIRABLE TRAIT
IKRA MANZOOR, AMIT KUMAR AND A S SINDOURI
Apple(Malus xdomestica.Borkh) is cultivated in almost all the temperate regions worldwide. The fruit stores well and is available for sale all
year round. Apple texture is an example of an important trait that influences consumer preference for apple fruit. During storage, the texture
of apple flesh changes, frequently losing its firmness, depending on the cultivar and storage methods. The loss of firmness can be
accompanied by mealiness, which is caused by a loss of cellular adhesion. This results in powdery texture with very little juice. The changes
in flesh texture after harvest directly affects the consumer preferences, crispy and juicy apples are preferred to soft and dry, ie., mealy, apples.
Several enzymes, such as polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methyl-esterase (PME), β- galactosidase, and α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AF), which
affect the cell wall structure, are associated with the softening of apple flesh.Their activities, gene expression levels, and interactions with
plant hormones,especially ethylene,are responsible for retention of desirable firmness of apple fruit. Ethylene biosynthetic pathway is
controlled by two large gene families coding for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-
carboxylate oxidase (ACO). There are three allelic combinations, of Md-ACS1 gene i.e., ACS1-1/1, 1-1/2 and 1-2/2, generally confer high,
medium and low ethylene production, respectively. The allele which confers low ethylene production retains flesh firmness in apple and
maintains excellent texture for longer periods. Similarly, Md-ACO1 is primarily expressed in fruit tissues among the Md-ACO gene family
members. MdACO1 has been demonstrated to have a relatively minor, but clear and independent role in ethylene biosynthesis. So, for flesh
firmness of apple there is a close relationship among ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene production and fruit shelf life.
GNRSA-2020/263
EFFECT OF SOIL POLLUTION ON HUMAN BODY
INDU SINGH1 AND BHOPAL SINGH2
1,2
Assistant Professor, Department of chemistry, Meerut College Meerut, UP, India
Soil pollution occurs when the presence of toxic chemicals, pollutants or contaminants in the soil is in high enough concentrations to be of
risk to plants, wildlife, humans add of course, the soil itself. Both organic and inorganic contaminants are presents in the soil. Example of
organic contaminants is fuel hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyl, chlorinated aromatic compounds,
detergents and pesticides. Inorganic species include nitrates, phosphates, and heavy metals. Soil pollution is heavy metals which adversely
affect soil quality and human health. Human activity introduces heavy metal such as arsenic, mercury and cadmium to soil through smelting,
industry, burning fossil fuels and agricultures etc. Soil and human health studies include investigation into nutrient supply through the food
chain and routes of exposure to chemical and pathogens. Soil pollution have several negative effects on human health like headaches, nausea,
irritation of the skin, fatigue, weakness, depression of the CNS, damage to vital organs etc.
GNRSA-2020/264
ADOPTION GAP IN CHILLI PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
INDURI VENKATA REDDY AND P. K. WAKLE
Department of Extension education, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
The present study “Adoption gap in chilli production technology.” was undertaken in Nagpur district in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra
State. The data was collected from 10 villages. Data from the chilli growers was collected by personally interviewing with the help of
structured and pretested interview schedule. The ex post facto design of social research was used. The findings indicated that, maximum
number of respondents were in medium age group, educated up to high school level, possessed semi -medium land holding, ranging between
the 2.01to4.00 ha., annual income above Rs. 2,00,000/- ,medium family size(05 to08) members, more than half respondents were observed
medium level of innovativeness, followed by medium risk orientation, had medium level of economic motivation, followed by medium
level of usage of sources information, medium level of knowledge regarding the knowledge about improved chilii cultivation practices, in
case adoption level is medium while practicing of recommended chilli cultivation practices. In case of adoption gap while adoption of
recommended chilli cultivation practices, the irrigation schedule, seed treatment, pest management (bud borers and caterpillars) and diseases
management (root rot and mildew) were wider the adoption gap exist means far adoption of farmers were less. As regards the relational
analysis, independent variables viz. education, innovativeness, risk orientation, sources of information, and knowledge were found positively
and highly significant at 0.01 per cent level of probability. The age, land holding of the respondents was significant correlations with their
adoption gap at 0.05 per cent level of probability and family size, annual income, economic motivation, show non significant relationship.
Thus, the null hypothesis for these non- significant variables therefore, was accepted. As regard to constraints, more labour charges, shortage
of labour at the time harvesting, grading and bagging of chilli produce, non remunerative prices during the time of glut in market, lack of
knowledge about current market prices, non availability of labour for proper time, less knowledge about correct quantity of insecticides, seed
are costly, shortage of water, are the major and mostly occurring regular constraints while adoption of recommended chilli cultivation
practices. Suggestions to overcome the constraints while adoption of chilli recommended cultivation practices were minimum support prices
should not received farmers, establishment of markets at rural and district level, provide credit at rural areas, provide technical guidance from
the agricultural department.
GNRSA-2020/265
STUDIES ON ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF BEETROOT (BETA VULGARIS L.)
INGOLE V. S., VIRKAR A. M., AND BHADKE T.G.

Department of Horticulture,
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444104
The present investigationwas carried out during Rabi season of year 2016-2017 atDept. of Horticulture, Dr. PDKV, Akola. The experiment
was laid out in RBDwith three replications and 10 treatments comprises 100 % RDF, FYM, vermicompost, neem cake alone and in
combination with azatobacter, PSB, VAM as soil treatment. The treatment combination of organic nutrient sources T6 i.e. vermicompost @
9.2 tha-1 + azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (40 kg ha-1) as soil treatment was found to be significantly superior for growth
viz., plant height (28.85 cm), leaves/plant (14.27), total chlorophyll (1.33 mgg-1), leaf area (107.60 cm2) &minimum days for harvesting
(78.33) &yield attributes i.e. root circumference (20.83 cm), root length (8.03 cm), root diameter (6.27 cm), average root weight (158.33 g),
root yield/plot (4.75 kg) and root yield % (q) of beetroot. As regards to qualitative parameters viz., TSS (14.03 0B), RS (5.12%), NRS
(2.25%) and TS (7.37) found to be significantly superior for treatment T 6 i.e. vermicompost @ 9.2 t ha-1 + azatobacter(10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10
kg ha-1) + VAM (40 kg ha-1) which was at par with treatment T7 i.e. neem cake @ 2.5 tha-1 + azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) +
VAM (40 kg ha-1) as soil treatment except moisture content, fibre content and total phenolic content of beetroot.As regards of nutrient uptake
by plant and available nutrient in the soil, the treatment viz., T 6 i.e. vermicompost @ 9.2 tha-1 + azatobacter(10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) +
VAM (40 kg ha-1) increased the nutrient uptake i.e. significantly maximum total N (43.67 kg ha-1), P (12.58 kg ha-1) and K (51.47 kg ha-1)
and available nutrient in soil i.e. available N (257.30 kg ha -1), P (27.33 kg ha-1) and K (438.99 kg ha-1).
Key Word: Beetroot, vermicompost, azatobactor, VAM
GNRSA-2020/266
RESPONSE OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L.) TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MICRONUTRIENTS UNDER
TEMPERATE CONDITIONS OF KASHMIR
INSHA JAVEED*, SUMATI NARAYAN, K. HUSSAIN, F.A. KHAN, AJAZ A. MALIK, RIHANA RAHMAN, MAJID RASHID,
AFROZA AKHTER, SHEMOO NISAR, SAYED AZRAH INDRABI AND AMREENA SULTAN.
Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus -190025, Srinagar, J&K, India
The present investigation entitled “Response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) to foliar application of micronutrients under temperate
conditions of Kashmir” was carried out at Vegetable Experimental Farm of Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar
during Kharif 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with fourteen treatments viz., T1 (Boric
acid @ 100 ppm), T2 (Zinc sulphate @ 100 ppm), T3 (Ammonium molybdate @ 50 ppm), T4 (Copper sulphate @ 100 ppm), T5 (Ferrous
sulphate @ 100 ppm), T6 (Manganese sulphate @ 100 ppm), T7 [Mixture of all (T1 to T6)], T8 [Mixture of all without Boric acid (T7
minusT1)], T9 [Mixture of all without Zinc sulphate (T 7 minus T2)], T10 [Mixture of all without Ammonium molybdate (T 7 minus T3)], T11
[Mixture of all without Copper sulphate (T7 minus T4)], T12 [Mixture of all without Ferrous sulphate (T 7 minus T5)], T13 [Mixture of all
without Manganese sulphate (T7 minus T6)], T14 (control). All the treatments were replicated thrice. Observations were recorded on plant
growth and fruit yield. Among all the tested treatments, treatment T 7 (Mixture of all from T1 to T6) recorded maximum plant height (156.40
cm), leaf area (5938.55 cm2plant-1), leaf area index (4.39), specific leaf weight (10.11 mg cm -2), leaf chlorophyll content (0.80 mg g-1), fruit
length (11.25 cm), fruit diameter (1.37 cm), average fruit weight (10.42 g),number of fruits plant -1(23.20), fruit weight plant-1 (241.74 g),
fruit yield hectare-1 (179.06 q), but recorded minimum number of days (45.43) taken to first harvest.
Keywords: Okra, micronutrients, foliar application, growth and yield.
GNRSA-2020/267
EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON QUALITY CHARACTERS OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L.).
INSHA JAVEED*, SUMATI NARAYAN, K. HUSSAIN, F.A KHAN, AJAZ A. MALIK, RIHANA RAHMAN, MAJID RASHID,
AFROZA AKHTER, AMREENA SULTAN AND SAYED AZRAH INDRABI.
The present study entitled “Effect of micronutrients on quality characters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)” was carried out at Vegetable
Experimental Farm of Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar during Kharif 2018. The experiment was laid out in
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with fourteen treatments viz., T1 (Boric acid @ 100 ppm), T2 (Zinc sulphate @ 100 ppm), T3
(Ammonium molybdate @ 50 ppm), T 4 (Copper sulphate @ 100 ppm), T 5 (Ferrous sulphate @ 100 ppm), T6 (Manganese sulphate @ 100
ppm), T7 [Mixture of all (T1 to T6)], T8 [Mixture of all without Boric acid (T7 minusT1)], T9 [Mixture of all without Zinc sulphate (T7 minus
T2)], T10 [Mixture of all without Ammonium molybdate (T 7 minus T3)], T11 [Mixture of all without Copper sulphate (T7 minus T4)], T12
[Mixture of all without Ferrous sulphate (T7 minus T5)], T13 [Mixture of all without Manganese sulphate (T 7 minus T6)], T14 (control). All the
treatments were replicated thrice. Observations were recorded on various quality characters viz., dry matter content, crude protein content,
Vitamin C and chlorophyll content. Among fruit quality parameters, treatment T 7(Mixture of all from T1 to T6) recorded maximum dry matter
content (11.46%), crude protein content (9.94%), vitamin C content (13.10 mg/100g) and chlorophyll content (1.80 mg g -1) and minimum
was recorded in T14 (control).
Keywords: Micronutrients, okra and quality characters.
GNRSA-2020/268
ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
INSHA JAVEED*, SUMATI NARAYAN, RIHANA RAHMAN, MAJID RASHID, SHEMOO NISAR, AFROZA AKHTER, SAYED
AZRAH INDRABI AND AMREENA SULTAN
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be defined as a basket of technologies which assist or support in storage, processing
of data/information or dissemination /communication of data. The application of ICT in agriculture is increasingly important. E-agriculture is
an emerging field focusing on the enhancement of agricultural and rural development through improved information and communication
processes. ICT’s are most natural allies to facilitate the outreach of agri-extension system in the country. Despite large, well- educated, well-
trained and well organized agricultural extension manpower, around 60% of farmers in the country still remain unreached, not served by any
extension agency. The major source of information is radio and television. Approximately 45% ICT projects of whole World have been
implemented in India and also maximum number of information Kiosks has been employed in rural India. It was found that majority of the
ICT projects in agriculture were put into action in socio- economically developed states of South and North India, while deprived states are
not benefitted by ICT initiatives. Some of the e-Agriculture initiatives in India include e- Extension, Agrisnet, Digital green, e- Sagu,
Agmarknet, iKisan, Village Knowledge Centers, Kisan Call Centers and SMS Portal/mKisan portal. The e-Agriculture disseminates useful
information through Decision Support System (DSS) and Expert systems (ES). Moreover ICT help in finalizing decision making at the right
time, to discover best solutions and efficient systems for water management and irrigation to harvest maximum yield.
Keywords: ICT, agriculture, initiatives, DSS, ES.
GNRSA-2020/269
GROWTH, YIELD AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERS OF GALA MAST APPLE/MM106 AFFECTED BY SOIL
APPLICATION PHOSPHOROUS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS UNDER HIGH DENSITY PLANTING SYSTEM
IQRA FAYAZ, UMAR IQBAL, AMIT KUMAR, M M MIR, IRFAN BISATI AND M H CHESTI
Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar (J & K)
Sixteen treatment combinations with factorial arrangement consisting of four levels of phosphorous P25 (25 g/tree), P50 (50 g/tree), P75 (75
g/tree) and P100 (100 g/tree) and four levels of potassium K150 (150 g/tree), K200 (200 g/tree), K250 (250 g/tree) and K300 (300 g/tree)
wereapplied in a randomized complete block designwith three replications.The observations revealed that growth, yield and quality attributes
were significantly influenced by these treatments.Maximum tree height, tree girth, annual shoot extension, leaf area, fruit size, weight, yield,
TSS and anthocyanin content of fruits was recorded by phosphorous level P100 (100 g/tree). Potassium level K300 (300 g/tree) registered
maximum fruit length, diameter, weight, volume, TSS, total sugars, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content. The treatment combination
P100K300 registered highest increment in tree height (55.89 cm) and girth (2.31 cm); maximum fruit length (6.52 cm), diameter (7.31 cm),
volume (185.48 cm3), weight (168.26 g), yield (6.85 kg/cm2), TSS (15.85%), total sugars (3.17%), acidity (0.23%), firmness (9.81 kg/cm 2),
total anthocyanin content (9.27 mg/100g) and ascorbic acid content (5.89 mg/100g). The results of P100 (100 g/tree) and P75 (75 g/tree) were
statistically at par with each other. Therefore, it can be concluded that phosphorous level P75 (75 g/tree) in combination with potassium level
K300 (300g K/tree) proved to be most economical and effective in improving growth, yield and quality of apple cv. Gala Mast/MM-106.
GNRSA-2020/270
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS
IRSHAD HUSSAIN
Department of Extension Education, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world, adversely affecting the lives and livelihoods of millions
across the globe. The disease is highly contagious, the much-needed nation-wide lockdown was enforced starting 25 March 2020 in order to
contain the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. During the initial few weeks, the restrictions were strict and all non-essential activities and
businesses, including retail establishments, educational institutions, places of religious worship, across the country were prohibited from
operating. Subsequently, these restrictions are being gradually eased in a phased manner in most parts of the country.The agricultural & allied
sector carries immense importance for the Indian economy. It contributes nearly one-sixth to the Indian national income and provides
employment to nearly 50% of the workforce.The restrictions imposed due to COVID-19 have greatly impacted the agricultural allied sector
in all corners.The effect of COVID-19 on food and horticultural sector was affected severely. The harvesting of major food crops was
completed but in some part it was affected the farmers due to non-availability of labourers. Major important fruit crops harvesting and
marketing was severely affected. Agricultural labourers were affected mostly due to shut down of different activities. During this tough
period through various government schemes labourers were supported financially and logistically with supply of food products. Farmers need
to adopt the e-channel for marketing and advisory for farm and farm produce. Government should also ensure the best measure for farming
community by proving necessary essentials to the needy farmers at the proper time. And regularfood items should be provided to thelabourers
till they are going for any other livelihood options.There is need to support our farmer by various government schemeswith effective
implementation and execution.There is a need to adopt the new normal of life with COVID-19 and need not to wait for complete eradication
of virus.
Keywords : Impact, COVID-19, Pandemic, Marketing
GNRSA-2020/271
DACTYLORHIZA HATAGIREA (D. DON) SOO: A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED PERENNIAL ORCHID FROM THE NORTH-
WEST HIMALAYAS
ISHFAQ AHMAD WANI 1, SUSHEEL VERMA 1,*
1 Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Orchidaceae) is a perennial herb inhabiting sub-alpine to alpine regions, ranging at elevations between 2500 and
5000 m.a.s.l. With palmately lobed rhizome and lanceolate leaves having a sheathing leaf base, it bears pink flowers with purple-colored
notches and a curved spur. It finds wide use in ayurveda, siddha, unani, and folk medicine in curing disorders of the circulatory, respiratory,
nervous, digestive, skeletal, and reproductive systems, besides boosting the immune system to fight infectious diseases. Secondary
metabolites such as dactylorhins A-E, dactyloses A-B, and others exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities (antioxidant,
antimicrobial, antiseptic, anticancer, and immune enhancing activities). Its use as a dietary supplement was found to be beneficial in
increasing testosterone levels, resulting in improved sexual desire and arousal. Incessant overexploitation of this medicinally important herb
has resulted in the dwindling of its populations in the wild, which has resulted in its classification as a critically endangered plant species.
Efforts involving mass reproduction through in vitro (through tissue culture) and in vivo (by vegetative propagation) means are currently
being made to maintain the germplasm of this critically endangered orchid. Holding immense significance in clinical research and drug
discovery, work on the genomic front (transcriptomics) has recently been carried out to discover the wealth of unexplored genetic information
for this perennial herb.
Keywords: antibiotic: resistance; Dactylorhiza hatagirea; germplasm conservation; natural compounds; overexploitation
GNRSA-2020/272
BIOPRODUCTS FROM BIOWASTE: A NEED FOR HELPING ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY
ISHU TYAGI AND ASHIMA KATHURIA

Department of Biotechnology,
Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut (U.P.)
With the increasing population the biomass generated is also increasing which is posing threat to sanitation, the problem of environment
pollution. Therefore, there is a need for effective bio waste management strategy. Bio-waste comprises unwanted material of biological origin
that is enriched with high concentration of organic matter and nutrients. Fermentation technology may be employed as an effective
management method for the product development from the biomass. It is an alternate pathway which is much more efficient than the
conventional chemical processes of biomass utilization. With the conversion of bio-waste various bioproducts including bioenergy,
bioplastics, biofertilizers and pharmaceutical products can be generated. Bio waste management for bioproduct production can help us to not
only utilize the waste but also to produce cheap substrate for bioproduct formation thus making the process cost-effective. Bioproduct
development is also an energy-efficient process as compared to chemical-based products. For lignocellulosic biomass, high carbohydrate
content is an appropriate reason to consider it as a substrate for biofuel, biogas and bioethanol production. These strategies have been
developed at lab and proven to be successful to great extent, however to go to industrial scale there is a lot to do for efficiently transform of
biowaste into bioenergy and bioproducts. The integration of lab to industry is the key to the success of this approach.
GNRSA-2020/273
SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
ISTUTI GUPTA*
Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut (U.P.)
Currently, the world’s population is increasing at a tremendous rate. In this situation, to fulfill the global food demands, high crop production
is necessary which can be achieved in many ways like- rotating crops and embracing diversity, applying integrated pest management,
adopting agroforestry practices, etc. But microbial biotechnology remains on the top to improve crop nutrient quantity and quality without
causing any harm to nature.Microorganisms naturally have several beneficial genes that can be incorporated or transferred into the crop plants
through genetic engineering techniques. Agrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated gene transfer is one of the best examples for the transfer of
genes from microorganism to plant.Also, by using genetic engineering, we can improve the crop plant character like drought resistance,
disease resistant, etc. along with their enhanced nutrition value.To improve the sustainability of nutrient cycling in the agriculture system,
organic residues and resources need to be conserved for as long as possible. For this, we have to avoid chemical fertilizers and instead start
the use of biofertilizers like Rhizobium, Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis, etc.Microorganisms play an important role in maintaining soil fertility
status, nutrient transformation, nutrient conservation, and soil health management which are very important for agronomic
sustainability.Recently, microbial technology is used in maintaining functional diversity in rice paddies, which is good news for the
implementation of microbial biotechnology for the improvement of crops.
Keywords- Microbial technology, genetic engineering, biofertilizers, rice paddies, improvement of crops, agronomic sustainability.
GNRSA-2020/274
COVID- 19 AND INDIAN AGRICULTURE: EFFECTS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
J. ANUSHA
Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Economics, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana.
COVID-19 has affected the economy of the world greatly. With all the sectors facing the grim effects of the pandemic, Agriculture has
emerged to be the most demanded and debated among all, with concerns being raised on the demand and supply of produce all over. With the
coinciding of the lockdown and harvesting of rabi crops, both farmers and consumers have faced major problems due to disruption in the
supply chain. Also, allied sectors like livestock and fisheries have suffered greatly due to lack of proper marketing initiatives. Indian being an
agrarian economy faced a GDP drop to 3802.39 INR Billion in the third quarter of 2020 from 4546.58 INR Billion in the second quarter of
2020. This article highlights the major drawbacks both in pre-lockdown and post lockdown periods that need to be restructured and framed
with proper government polices and initiatives in order to revive the agricultural sector of the country. Also, it focuses on the issues faced by
the farmers that led to severe lowering of per capita income and also led to a gap in the supply chain management.
Keywords:Agricultural and migrant labours, COVID-19, Livestock, Social media.
GNRSA-2020/275
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF NON - TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN GUJARAT STATE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE
TO THE DANG DISTRICT
J. V. VARASANI*
Department of Agricultural Economics, N. N. College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat
Correspondence:- jaydeepvarasani@nau.in
The present study aimed at to examine the growth rates and instability of different forest products along with income and employment, price
spread and constraints faced by collectors and marketing agent. The secondary data on quantity and value of different wood and non-wood
products from the year 1996-97 to 2017-18 were compiled from published sources while primary data on socio-economic, income and
employment and marketing aspects were collected through interview schedule with a sample of 60 forest dwellers and 20 market
intermediaries purposively selected from Dangs range of the Gujarat forest for the year 2019-20 and analyzed by using exponential function,
Cuddy Della Vale indices and regression. The results of the study revealed that quantity of Mahuda flowers and Honey increased significantly
while majority of Non- Timber Forest Product (NTFPs) found to be decreased but it is statistically non significant during overall period. In
case of value term, Grass and grazing, Other gum, Asitra timber leaves, Mahuda fruits, Mahuda flowers and Honey found to be increased
significantly during overall period. Instability indices of both quantity as well as value of NTFPs found to be higher during the study period.
The quantity of teak timber significantly increased in Valsad district but it significantly decreased in Ahmedabad district, while change in
value found to be non-significant in Gujarat during the study period. Quantity and value of all region observed to have higher instability, in
which the Junagadh and Rajkot district topped the list during overall period. In case of other timber, the circles of Rajkot exhibited significant
increase in both quantity and value, while Kachchh and Valsad in quantity and Bharuch showed significant and positive growth in value of
other timber with the highest Instability in Junagadh during overall period. The quantity of fuel wood increased significantly in Surat,
Bharuch, Kachchh, Valsad and Ahemdabad circles while its value increased significantly in Bharuch and Valsad circles during overall period
with the highest instability of quantity and value in Kachchh and Valsad circles, respectively during overall period. On an average, 369.64 kg
NTFPs were collected out of which 33.54 per cent were consumed and rests were sold in market which generate an income of Rs. 9563.34 per
household per annum and 72.28 man days of employment with the highest proportion of employment through Mahuda flowers (29.61 %).
There are major three marketing channels; Channel - I: Collector – Consumer, Channel - II: Collector - Wholesaler - Retailer – Consumer and
Channel - III: Collector - Retailer - Consumer, through which NTFPs were marketed. The collectors got the highest net price per quintal in
channel-I followed by Channel-III. The price spread ranges from 0.63 (Timru leaves) to 18.47 per cent (Aritha) in Channel-I, from 1.40
(Honey) to 34.68 per cent (Aritha) in Channel-II and from 0.71 (Timru leaves) to 8.79 per cent (Mahuda seeds) in Channel-III. The results of
effect of socio-economic variable revealed that age of collector, size of family, distance travelled between home and forest for gathering
forest produces, time spent on gathering forest produces and dependency ratio had positive and significant effect on NTFPs income. The
number of collectors had negative effect on NTFPs income, while distance travelled between home and forest for sale, transportation cost and
education were found statistically non-significant. The major constraint faced by NTFPs was the uncertainty of product price followed by
lack of developed market infrastructure and lack of storage facility while marketing agent faced the problem of high price of forest product
demanded by collector followed by lack of information about price and inadequate quantity of product available in forest. Harnessing scope
of value addition of NTFPs for better product price through more involvement of the primary collectors in marketing process will help to rise
their income are the suggestions emerges from the study.
Key words: NTFPs and timber, growth and instability, income and employment, marketing channel and price spread, constraints
GNRSA-2020/276
GROWTH AND INSTABILITY IN AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF COTTON IN INDIA
JADHAV D.S.1, S.S. MORE2, S. D. CHOUDHARI3 AND S.A. CHAUDHARI4

Department of Agricultural Economics,
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Cotton is one of the important fiber and cash crop in India as well as world and it plays a dominant role in the Indian economy. Cotton is
known as a "King of Fiber" crops due to its global importance in agriculture as well as industrial economy. Hence, the present paper analyzes
the growth and instability in cotton area, production and yield during the period 1996-97 to 2017-18. The study was based on secondary data
on area, production and productivity of cotton crop collected from various government publications. Performance of cotton was judged on 2
important parameters i.e. growth and instability. Compound growth rate was estimated by fitting non linear model to the area, production and
productivity data. Model was estimated using Marquardt algorithm. Instability was assessed by constructing Cuddy Della Valle instability
index. The result revealed that, compound growth rate of area production and yield of cotton was 2.20 per cent, 4.84 per cent and 2.78 per
cent per annum in study period, respectively. The Co-efficient of variation and CDI with regards to area was 16 per cent and 9 per cent,
respectively. In regards to production and productivity it was 34 per cent and 13 per cent and 23 per cent and 13 per cent, respectively.
Therefore it is necessary to increase the sustainable cotton production in India and to take up productivity enhancing measures in cotton crop
like varietal improvement, appropriate technologies.
Key words: Cotton, Growth, Instability and Coefficient of Variation.
GNRSA-2020/277
PLANT DISEASE FORECASTING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF EPIDEMICS
JAISH RAJ YADAV, S. K. SINGH, SHIVAM SINGH, MANISH KUMAR MAURYA, VIKASH KUMAR YADAVAND PALLAVI
SINGH
Research Scholar, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP) 224229
Email: jaishraj365072@gmail.com
Forecasting of plant disease means predicting the occurrence of a plant disease in a specific area ahead of time so that suitable control
measures can be taken to prevent economic yield losses. It helps farmers to avoid the initial inoculums or to slow down the rate of epidemic.
In this term various disease forecasting models namely, EPIDEM, EPIVEN, BLITECAST, TOMCAST and others which gives information
about the conditions at which the disease became epidemic. The computer is fed with data on various previous records of epidemic along
with the control measures at the specific point of time. Disease forecasting systems may become more useful in future as computing power
increases and the amount of data available to plant pathologist to construct model increases. In India there is a great scope and necessity to
develop forecasting services. Establishment of forecasting services in our country is a must at least for important diseases of vegetables, food
crops and fruits.
GNRSA-2020/278
INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM IN INDIA: CURRENT STATUS, SCOPE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN CHANGING
AGRICULTURAL SCENARIO
JALAPATHI MOUNIKA1, SCHCHIDA NAND SINGH2, BEHARA TARUN KUMAR3 AND BONASU SRI MANI4
2 Research scholar (Agronomy) Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj(U.P),
Integrated farming systems (IFS) is an eco-friendly approach in which waste of one enterprise becomes the input of another thus its make
more efficient use of resources from the farm. IFS as a mixed farming system that consists of at least two separate but logically
interdependent parts of a crop and livestock enterprises. IFS helps in improving the soil health, weed and pest control, increase water use
efficiency and maintains water quality. In integrated farming system the use of harmful chemical fertilizers, weed killers and pesticides
should be minimized and also provide safeguards to the environment from the adverse effects. Integrated farming system improves economic
condition of the small and marginal farmers which enhanced the education, health and social obligations and overall improvement in
livelihood security. Though IFS approach the use of chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) can be reduced to provide chemical free healthy
food to the society. Rapid evolution took place in the last two decades when crop and livestock yields increased, together with concerns about
their socio-economic and biophysical trade-offs. The application of farming systems research (FSR) to agricultural development was a
response to problems arising from a predominantly reductionist approach to research and a cornucopian view of external inputs. Modern
technologies were either not welcomes or caused unexpected negative trade-offs.Small and marginal farmers are the core of the Indian rural
economy constituting 85% of the total farming community but possessing only 44% of the total operational land. Indian agriculture is labour
oriented and requires lot of man-power and energy but even after this hard work farmers are not in a position to earn their livelihood,
especially small farmers because there is very little left after they pay for all inputs (seeds, livestock breeds, fertilizers, pesticides, energy,
feed, labour, etc.). To fulfil basic needs of these farm families including food (cereal, pulses, oilseeds, milk, fruit, honey, meat etc.), feed
fodder, fibre and fuel warrant an attention about integrated farming system (IFS). The emergence of IFS has enabled us to develop a
framework for an alternative development model to improve the feasibility of small sized farming operations in relation to larger ones. IFS
refer to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop production or integrate fish and livestock and may sometimes be known as
integrated bio systems. In this system, an inter-related set of enterprises are used so that the waste from one component becomes an input for
other enterprises of the system, which reduces cost and improves production and thereby income. Integrated farming systems seem to be the
possible solution to the continuous increase of demand for food and nutrition, income stability and livelihood upliftment particularly for small
and marginal farmers with little resources.
Keywords: Integrated Farming System, Concept, Goals, Components and Advantages, Local feed resources, on farm research, recycling,
women, poverty, and livestock.
GNRSA-2020/279
EXPORT POTENTIAL AND MARKETING OF LITCHI IN MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR
JANMEJAY KUMAR, NIKKY KUMARI*, A.K.PASWAN & M.N.ANSARI

Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi
*ATMA, Muzaffarpur
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University,Pusa,BIHAR
Email:janmejaykumarrau@gmail.com
Litchi (Litchi chinensis) is the most important sub-tropical fruit which originated from China about 3,000 years ago. India is the second
largest producer of litchi in the world after China. In India, litchi is cultivated in an area of about 74.40 thousand hectares with a total
production of 483.60 thousand metric tonnes and productivity of 6.50 metric tonnes/ hectare. Bihar produces nearly 73.38 per cent of total
litchi of the country with 40 per cent of the area under cultivation. It is cultivated in an area of about 31.1 thousand hectares with a total
production of 227 thousand metric tonnes and productivity of 7.3 metric tonnes/ hectare. It is mainly cultivated in the districts of
Muzaffarpur, Champaran and Darbhanga of North Bihar. The study was carried out to assess the current status of export and marketing of
litchi. It was based on the primary data collected from 120 randomly selected Litchi growers from eight villages i.e. 15 from a village of
Mushhari and Muroal blocks in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar state. More over the information related to marketing cost, and margin was
collected from pre-harvest contractors, harvest contractors, wholesalers, retailers’ market intermediaries from Muzaffarpur district, block and
distant markets. The feasibility of export of litchi from Muzaffarpur to European markets has taken a new dimension with the fast changing
technology in the exporting of fruits since 1993. The study also intended to find out marketing system and marketing channels followed by
growers in domestic and overseas as marketing, marketing costs, marketing margin incurred price spread and marketing efficiency resulted in
domestic markets. Along with, trend in area, production, productivity, export Four channels of marketing were identified viz, Channel I
(Producer –consumer), Channel II (Producer – Retailer – Consumer), Channel III (producer – wholesaler- retailer–consumer) and Channel IV
(producer -Commission agent -wholesaler – retailer –consumer). The producer’s share in consumer rupee in channel I st is highest since it is
the shortest channel (83.64 percent) where as the producer’s share in consumer rupee in channel I, channel II and Channel III are 72.72
percent 65.45 percent and 54.54 percent respectively. The price spread in channel I is the lowest because it is the shortest channel (Rs.900)
where as the price spread in channel 1I, channel III and channel IV are Rs. 1500, 1900, and 2500 respectively. The marketing efficiency for
channel I, II, III and IV were 5.11, 2.66, 1.89 and 1.09 respectively. It is observed from this efficiency index that channel I was the most
efficient one. This is because of the fact that channel I does not involve intermediary. The growth rate analysis indicated that, the export of
litchi from Muzaffarpur and from India increased by 1.64 and 6.34 percent per annum during the period of 2001-02 to 2015-16.
GNRSA-2020/280
STUDIES ON IDENTIFICATION AND USES OF MORUS ALBA: AN IMPORTANT MULTI-PURPOSE TREE SPECIES IN
KASHMIR VALLEY
JAUHAR RAFEEQ AND SADAF FAYAZ

Email: jauhar@skuastkashmir.ac.in
A study was conducted to identify different varieties of Morus alba in Kashmir and there uses among people in the year 2018-2019. A
detailed survey at village level was conducted in three districts of North Kashmir (Bandipora, Baramulla and Kupwara. Identification was
done on the basis of different phenological characteristics of the species e.g shape and size of leaves and colour of fruits. Different varieties
of Morus alba were identified with the help of local farmers and Taxonomist. Studies conducted revealed that 13 varieties of Morus alba are
grown in North Kashmir i.e., Shahtul, Chatatul, Zagtul, Robesh sernal, Botatul, Brentul Kashmir, Chinese white, Gosherami, Ichinose,
Kokuso, Kanva and Rokokuyaso. Of these 13 varieties, six are reportedly exotic and restare indigenous. Morus species has multiple uses in
North Kashmir. Species is used for fodder (41.46%), fruits (34.72%), fuel (12.52%) and silkworm rearing (11.30 %). Trees were found on
private lands and they were planted by farmers for commercial (16.31%) and household (83.69%) purposes.
Keywords: Morus alba, North Kashmir, Uses
GNRSA-2020/281
ADAPTABILITY RESPONSE OF SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH] UNDER SALINITY
JAYANTI TOKAS*, HIMANI PUNIA, SURINA, SATPAL, SARITA DEVI AND NEERAJ KHAROR
*Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India
Salt stress is a significant threat to agriculture as it is adversely affects the growth and yield of crops worldwide. Sorghum planting acreage is
an efficient way to utilize saline soils. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the tolerance behavior of sorghum genotypes under
different salinity levels (60, 80, 100, 120, 140mM NaCl) concerning the performance of physiological traits. Amongst the screened 25
sorghum genotypes, G-46 behaved as salt tolerant and CSV 44F as moderate genotype based on germination studies. The results indicated
that increasing salt stress reduced the photosynthetic potential in both genotypes, but to a lesser extent in G-46. The fresh and dry weight of
leaves decreased with increasing concentrations of salinity from 6 to 14 dS m -1, with maximum reduction at 14 dS m-1 (35 DAS: 87.9 %; 90
DAS: 84.2 %). The decrease in root and shoot length was less in G-46 (79.5 %) as compared to CSV 44F (83.4 %) and respective controls. At
35 DAS, the plant height decreased significantly with the increasing levels of salinity. Least was noticed in G-46 (11.6 %) as compared to
CSV 44F genotype (21.7 %). The relative water content (RWC) decreased gradually with the increasing salinity levels. Maximum decrease
was observed in CSV 44F (76.2 %) and minimum in G-46 (52.2 %). The reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence of leaf was maximum in CSV
44F (43.6 %) and minimum in G-46 (20.0 %). The reduction in chlorophyll stability index was more in CSV 44F (65.3 %) than G-46 (56.2
%). Based on the above studies, it was concluded that G-46 performed better by retaining higher plant water status, photosynthetic rate and
chlorophyll stability, thereby alleviating stress, which may be utilized as genetic resources to establish sorghum cultivars with improved
quality in saline soils.
GNRSA-2020/282
STUDY OF GROWTH AND CULTIVATION OF OYSTER MUSHROOM
JENITA NONGTHOMBAM1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1
2
Mushrooms are edible fungi which is suitable for wide range of age group. It produces high quantity of quality food which has high
biological value grown on many substrates. Growing of mushroom needs proper knowledge in relation to its production, performance,
problem and its prospects. Mushrooms are cultivated under protected environment or culture which are often infested by insects, pest,
nematodes as well as bacteria and fungi. And most of the consumers prefer mushrooms which are not treated by synthetic pesticides. Through
some research it is found that plant-based products with various formulations are an effective remedy for diseases control in mushroom.
Before treating the infection, it is also important to understand the cause to avoid and find its control measures.
Key words: Edible mushrooms, protected cultivation, plant based products, formulations, disease management etc.
GNRSA-2020/283
EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT APPLICATION ON INDIAN MUSTARD IN TYPIC
HAPLUSTEPTS
JITENDRA KUMAR SHARMA, GAJANANDJAT, R.H. MEENAANDH.S. PUROHIT

Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science,
Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan
A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm (Agronomy) of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan during the
rabi season of 2014-15 using randomized block design with three replications to study the effect of applied vermicompost and nutrients on
soil properties. Treatments consisted of three levels of vermicompost viz., zero (control), 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 and five levels of nutrients viz., no
nutrients (N0) , 40 kg S ha-1 (N1), 40 kg S + 9.5 kg Fe ha-1 (N2), 40 kg S + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 (N3), and 40 kg S + 9.5 kg Fe + 5.0 kg Zn ha -1 (N4).
The results indicated that the organic carbon and available N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn content in soil at harvest stage of crop was
significantly increased but pH and EC of soil was decreased significantly with-increasing levels of vermicompost and whereas, available N,
P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn content in soil significantly increased with the supplementation of different nutrients (S+Zn+Fe). The organic
manures (vermicompost) being cheaper and eco-friendly, could be the alternatives to fertilizers for improving both crop productivity and
sustainability of the systems. The continuous mining of nutrients from soils coupled with inadequate and imbalanced fertilizer use has
resulted in emergence of multi-nutrient deficiencies. The deficiencies of at least six nutrients (N, P, K, S, Zn and B) are quite widespread in
Indian soils.Sulphur is involved directly or indirectly in different metabolic pathways of plants and also as a constituent of many metabolites.
Key words: Vermicompost, nutrients, sustainability, soil properties,mustard.
GNRSA-2020/284
POST-HARVEST LOSSES AND IT MANAGEMENT OF FOOD GRAINS
JITENDRA SUMAN
Ph.D. Scholar Dept. of Agricultural Economic S.K.N. College of Agriculture: Jobner (Raj)-303329.
Post harvest technology is an interdisciplinary "Science and Technique" applied to agricultural products for their protection, conservation,
processing , packaging, distribution , marketing and utilization after harvesting. The key objectives of post-harvest handling are to keep the
product fresh, to avoid loss of moisture and to slow down undesirable chemical changes ( e.g., grain fats may become rancid), and to prevent
physical harm such as cracking or cutting, to postpone spoilage. Owing to unscientific transport, insects, rodents, micro-organisms etc. post-
harvest losses account for around 10 per cent of total food grains. Annual storage losses in India were estimated at 14 -million tons of food
grain worth Rs. 7,000 crore each year in which insects alone account for almost Rs. 1,300 crores. Storage -insects alone account for 2.0 to 4.2
per cent of these post-harvest losses, led by 2.50 per cent of rats, 0.85 per cent of birds and 0.68 per cent of moisture. In the case of food
grains, some estimates say that as much as 1/4th to 1/3rd of total crop in developed countries may be lost as a result of post-harvest system
inefficiencies. Losses include loss of weight, loss of food values, loss of economic value, loss of quality or acceptability, and actual seed loss
per se. Paddy crop experiments in Indian farming field have shown that if the crop is harvested at 20 to 22 per cent moisture as traditionally
done, the field yield is increased by 10 to 20 per cent. The case with regard to wheat, jowar and other crops is similar. When improved
production and storage practices are implemented, the losses could be reduced to 2 to 3 percent and more food grains will be made available
to humans. Grain is kept at 14 percent or less of moisture, and seed is stored at or below 12 percent of moisture. In addition, post-harvest
activities ensure greater financial returns for farmers and generate opportunities for employment for rural masses.
Key Words: Food Grains, Post-Harvest, Protection, Moisture and Storage.
GNRSA-2020/285
DNA SEQUENCING : AN OVERVIEW
JUHI PANDEY1, AMAN SINGH1,SHIVANI CHAUDHARY2

1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, A.N.D.U.A.T. Kumarganj, Ayodhya
2.Department of Plant Pathology, S.V.B.P.U.A.T., Meerut,U.P.
DNA Sequencing technique used to determine the order of bases present in a genome or nucleotide sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid). It is the blueprint that contains the instruction for building an organism, and understanding of genetic function or evolution couldn’t be
completed without this information. It is the process of determination of sequence of nucleotide bases (A, T, C,G) in a piece of DNA. It is a
very complex task as it requires breaking of DNA into smaller pieces and then again assembling it . The first DNA sequences were obtained
in early 1970s using a two-dimensional chromatography which was such a laborious method. Now the sequencing becomes easier and faster
with the development of fluorescence based sequencing method with a DNA sequencer. DNA sequencing methods currently under
development include reading the sequence as a DNA strand transits through nanopores (a method that’s now commercial but solid-state
nanopores are still in development) and microscopy-based techniques, such as atomic force microscopy or transmission electron microscopy
that are used to identify the positions of individual nucleotides within long DNA fragments (>5,000 bp) by nucleotide labeling with heavier
elements (e.g., halogens) for visual detection and recording. Third generation technologies aim to extend throughput and reduce the time to
result and prce by eliminating the need for excessive reagents and harnessing the processivity of DNA polymerase. Knowledge of dna
sequencing has become a boon for basic scientific research, and in various applied fields as medical diagnosis, biotechnology , forensic
biology, virology and others. Sequencing helps in diagnosing of different diseases and used to guide treatment.
Keywords: DNA sequencing, Nucleotide Bases, DNA, Nanopores, Biotechnology
GNRSA-2020/286
MUTATION BREEDING IN TUBEROSE (POLYANTHESTUBEROSA LINN)
JYOTHI R., KRISHAN PAL SINGH, KIRAN KUMAR N

ICAR-KrishiVigyan Kendra, Koppal, IARI- New Delhi, COH-Hiriyur
Fast emerging major venture floriculture growing at the rate of 10-15 % in the commercial world. Tuberose is one of the major bulb crops of
both tropical and subtropical areas. The popularity of tuberose is due to as it occupies prime position in cut flower, loose flower and essential
oil extraction, landscaping design. The main problem in conventional tuberose breeding is lack of genetic variability, self-incompatibility and
seed sterility. To achieve the rapid evaluation induced mutation was opted by the plant breeder. It is one of the important pathway to find the
variability in vegetatively propagated species. So far 2700 officially released mutants available in 170 different species from 60 countries.
Mutation induction in tuberose was carried out by physical mutants like X-rays, Gamma Rays and chemical mutagens like EMS and DES.
Till now two induced mutants namely RajatRekha (Silver strip) and SwarnaRekha (Golden Strip) with leaf varigation was developed from
National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. Other than this there were lots of mutation works were also carried out in the induced
mutation study in tuberose. In future wide scope opened for induction of differentmutants likecolour variation , change in the petal shape,
altered flower arrangement in the spike, long and short spike mutants.
Keywords: Tuberose Induced mutation, Physical mutagen Chemical mutagen
GNRSA-2020/287
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN CROP FOR YIELD ENHANCEMENT
PERSPECTIVE
JYOTI PANDEY AND ASHWINI A. WAOO

Research scholar, department of Biotechnology, APS University, Rewa (M.P.)
Associate professor, Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, SATNA (MP), India
In agricultural sector farmers are facing many big challenges in the world due to climate change, diseases and also by increase human
population day by day, loss of biodiversity etc. these are the main factors which very important role play in development of agriculture
system for protect the loss of yield in our study main focus on soybean crop in Madhya Pradesh. Soybean is a major leguminous crop used as
a oilseed and it’s contain many nutritional properties and also protein rich. It is an economical backbone for farmers. Now a day’s soybean
affected by many factors which reduce production yield loss and also decrease the food security. In presently biotechnology is a big tool for
management of these all problems by the study of genetic diversity and produce resistant varieties of soybean crop which provide healthy
seed due to genetic improvement and also using molecular methods. Genetic improvements of soybeans have focused on seed enhancement
and oil yield, development of varieties suitable to different cropping systems and breeding resistant varieties for various stresses like biotic
and abiotic. Plant breeders have continuously used predictable breeding techniques for the improvement of these traits in soybean. Molecular
markers have proved to be a new tool in breeding process of Soybean by enhancing selection effectiveness in a rapid and time based manner,
overall in 6this study discussed about the many application of molecular approaches for the genetic improvement of soybean toward getting
an efficient and sustainable agriculture. The approaches for the genetic improvement of soybean seed quality parameters andfind a keygenes.
Keywords: Soybean, Crop improvement, Molecular Marker, Genetic improvement
GNRSA-2020/288
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE AND ITS APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE AS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOL
JYOTI SINGH* AND ANUJ KUMAR

Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture
Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut
In the very fast developing scenario of biological science, the plant tissue culture has taken lead because it is the most promising areas of
biotechnological tools for today and tomorrow agriculture. The areas range from micro propagation of horticultural crops, ornamental and
forest trees etc. Over the100 years ago, Haberlandt envisioned the concept of plant tissue culture and provided the bottom work for the
cultivation and production of plant cells, tissues and organs in culture. Due to the changes in consumption patterns, demand for fruits,
vegetables, dairy, meat, poultry and fisheries has been increasing. Hence, a need to raise crop diversification and improve allied activities. It
may be noted that the slowdown in agriculture growth could be attributed to structural factors on the supply side, such as public investment,
credit, technology, land and water management, etc., rather than to globalization and trade reforms. In this situation, plant tissue culture offers
remarkable opportunities in vitro propagations, plant quality improvement and production of plants with desirable agronomical quality and
quantity. It’s now possible to develop virus-free plant regeneration, herbicide resistance, salinity tolerance, disease resistance, incorporation of
high protein content and genetically engineered plants for desirable traits. Biotechnological approach has been introduced into agricultural to
reinforce the productivity of different food crops at a rate without precedent. for in vitro regeneration, mass micro propagation techniques and
gene transfer studies in several species. Genetic transformation in Plant Biotechnology is a crucial technique which is basically relies on the
technical aspects of plant tissue culture and molecular biology for the production of improved varieties of different crops. In this review article
studies some tissue culture practices of commercially food crops and highlights the challenges which is encountered in the tissue culture and
explores the chances of optimization of the in vitro propagation techniques by using explants.
Keywords: Tissue Culture, Micro propagation, somatic embryogenesis, Genetic Engineering.
GNRSA-2020/289
DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF BANANA PLANTLETS (MUSA SPP) IN VITROTHROUGHUSE
OF NANOPARTICLES
JYOTI SINGH AND R.S SENGAR

Email: jyotivish776@gmail.com
Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut
Bananas referring to banana, plantain and cooking bananas are economically important high-value commercial as well as subsistence food
crop. It is one of the earliest crop plants to have been domesticated. Banana is typically propagated vegetatively; thus tissue culture as a
propagation technique provides a robust means to prepare disease-free planting materials that can provide the first line of defence in
developing an integrated disease-management program for banana. Environmental stress severely restricts the distribution and productivity of
plants. Particularly Drought stress remains an ever growing environmental problem that severely affects crop production worldwide and
causes important agricultural losses particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. Water stress enforces a serious threat to banana productivity. The
consequences of water deficit include its adverse effects on plant phenology, development, assimilate partitioning, carbon assimilation,
growth, and plant reproduction processes.Tissue culture is a novel technique that enabled the evaluation of tolerance to environmental
stresses because it allowed their manipulation in vitro. Several researchers investigated that Nanoparticles alleviated the adverse effect of
drought stressby improving the photosynthetic process, decreasing lipid peroxidation and cell wall damage. Application of Nanoparticles
enhances the stress tolerance via enhancing root hydraulic conductance and water uptake in plants and showing differential abundance of
proteins involved in oxidation–reduction, ROS detoxification, stresssignalling and hormonal pathways. However, In the present study, we are
working to analyse themitigation effects of Nanoparticles under drought stress conditions in micro propagated Banana Plants under in vitro
conditions.
Keywords: Banana Tissue culture, in vitromicro propagation, Abiotic stress, Drought tolerance, Nanoparticles.
GNRSA-2020/290
CLIMATE CHANGE & RESILIENT AGRICULTURE & ABIOTIC STRESS MANAGEMENT
JYOTISHMAN GOSWAMI
AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY, ASSAM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, JORHAT
Climate is often defined loosely as the average weather at a particular place, incorporating features such as temperature, precipitation,
humidity and windiness. Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. Mean surface temperature
of the earth is predicted to increase in the range of 0.3-0.7°C for the period 2016-2035 (Shah and Srivastava, 2017). Natural events and
human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperatures. This is caused primarily by increases in
“greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). It is being clear that human activities have caused most of the century’s warming by
releasing heat-trapping gases-called greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to
food, and affect food quality. World’s population will reach 9 billion by 2050 (FAO) . FAO estimates that agricultural production will have
to increase by 60% by then to ffed th population.. Agriculture is not only sensitive to climate change but also one of the major drivers for
climate change. Understanding the weather changes over a period of time and adjusting the management practices towards achieving better
harvest are challenges to the growth of agricultural sector as a whole. The crop losses may increase if the predicted climate change increases
the climate variability. Adaptation through adoption of Climate Resilient Agriculture would allow to cope up with the changing climatic
scenario. CRA aims at incorporation of adaptation, mitigation and other practices in agriculture which increases the capacity of the system to
respond to various climate related disturbances by resisting damage and recovering quickly and ensuring sustainable production. CRA
practices and technologies are low-emission approaches, which aim to improve food security and enhance resilience. Climate resilience
Agriculture include adoption of technologies like building resilience in soil, efficient weather based advisories, Water saving technologies,
Farm machinery (custom hiring) centers, Crop contingency plans etc. Government approach towards CRA includes adoption of policy’s like
NAPCC, SAPCC, NAP, Weather Based Insurance etc. NICRA project launched by the government aims at making Indian agriculture
resilient to climate change through development and application of adaptation and mitigation strategies. Thus, identifying the key
implementation strategies and designing an investment portfolio together by linking climate smart policies with agricultural policies to
support the rural economies, CSA can be an effective tool to address climate change across various agro-ecological zones.
GNRSA-2020/291
CHARACTERIZATION OF ENDOGENOUS BADNAVIRUSES IN THE MUSA SPECIES/SUBSPECIES FROM NORTH EAST
INDIA
*JYOTSANA SANASAM1, MALEMNGANBI KEISHAM2, S. MONTESHORI3, BABY WANGKHEM4, TABALIQUE. Y5, K.
SARDA DEVI6, W. TAMPAKLEIMA CHANU7, YUMLEMBAM RUPERT ANAND8 AND SUSHEEL KUMAR SHARMA9
1,2,3,4,5
Research Scholar, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat-, Manipur
6,7
Ph.D. Scholar, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal
8
Assisitant Professor (Plant Protection), College of Agricultural Engineering and Post Harvest Technology, Ranipool East Sikkim-737135
9
Scientist (Plant Pathology) ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal-795004, India
Banana infecting badnaviruses known as banana streak viruses are a major threat to banana production worldwide. Banana streak viruses
exist both as endogenous and episomal form in banana host. Endogenous BSV present in some genotypes of Musa can activate and cause
active episomal virus infection upon activating stress conditions. Present study was undertaken to characterize the endogenous BSV (eBSV)
landscape of banana genotypes of North East region of India. A total of 95 germplasms were maintained and characterized for endogenous
BSV sequences (eBSVs) using allele specific primers specifically targeting the activable and non-activable alleles of endogenous banana
streak OL virus (eBSOLV), banana streak IM virus (eBSIMV), banana streak GF virus (eBSGFV) and Musa balbisaina PKW type activable
alleles. Specific PCR and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) markers were used to differentiate eBSV from
episomal BSV. Thus, the PCR and dCAPS results provide an eBSV ID for each BSV species. Using these markers the presence of PKW-
related eBSV in the B genome on the 97 Musa accessions were screened and established as an eBSV ID for each BSV species using DARwin
6 Software. No eBSOLV, eBSGFV or eBSIMV IDs were identified in either the out-group or the accessions of M. acuminata, confirming
their specific distribution in the B genome groups only. The eBSV IDs specific to BSGFV, BSOLV and BSIMV were recorded in the other
accessions indicating widespread colonization of M. balbisiana (B) genomes by these three BSV species. Most accessions tested in the
present study, yielded systematic PCR amplifications with the two Musa-junction PCR markers, indicating a common locus of integration
into the B genome for each BSV species. eBSGFV IDs were strongly conserved whereas eBSOLV and eBSIMV IDs appeared more diverse
and rearranged. The present study provides a way for the improvement of banana genetically.
Keywords: Banana Streak Virus, derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences markers (dCAPS), DARwin6, Endogenous BSV,
Specific PCR.
GNRSA-2020/292
CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRIPE AND LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT GENOTYPES AT
SEEDLING AND ADULT PLANT STAGES
K SRINIVAS., SINGH, VAIBHAV K., SAMERIYA, K.K., RAI, A. AND YADAV, MANU.
Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012
Wheat (Triticum species) is one of the most predominant cereal crops of global economic significance. Rusts are considered as one of the
most serious biotic constraints of wheat inflicting huge economic losses worldwide including India. Host resistance is the only efficient and
economical way of controlling these diseases. Breeding resistant varieties of wheat is a continuous process and empirical disease control
depends on deployment of diverse sources of genetic resistance to the deadly rusts. With this scenario, experiments were carried out to
characterize seedling and adult plant resistance in different wheat genotypes. By applying the gene-matching technique using multi-
pathotypes data, five Yr genes YrA, Yr2, Yr9, Yr18 and Yr27, and eight Lr genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr13, Lr19, Lr23, Lr26 & Lr34 were
characterized singly or in combination with other genes in exotic wheat genotypes. Similarly, four Yr and seven Lr genes in Indian wheat
germplasms and five Yr and nine Lr genes were postulated in Indian wheat cultivars. Adult plant slow rusting resistance was assessed
through host response and different epidemiological parameters (FDS, CI, AUDPC and r). Promising adult plant slow rusting resistance
against stripe and leaf rust was observed in different wheat genotypes consistently during rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. All the
epidemiological parameters were strongly and positively correlated in the study, for which we can strongly conclude that FDS, CI and
rAUDPC followed by infection rate (r) are the most appropriate parameters to assess adult plant slow rusting resistance. The lines so
identified in this study are being used in the hybridization programs to enhance the levels of resistance.
Key words: Wheat, Rust, Genes, Stripe rust, Leaf rust, race specific resistance, non-race specific resistance, Durable
GNRSA-2020/293
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PIPER SPECIES AS ROOTSTOCKS FOR GRAFTING AND SCREENING AGAINST QUICK
WILT AND NEMATODE RESISTANCE
K. ARUNKUMAR AND M. CHINNAPAPPA

Ph.D. Scholars, Department of Spices and Plantation Crops,
Horticultural College and Research Institute,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,
The main objective of this study to evaluate the different Piper species as rootstocks for grafting and screening against quick wilt and
nematode resistance. Hence, in this study, screening of two wild Piperspeciesviz., P. colubrinumand P. argyrophyllumand two Piper nigrum
cultivated varieties viz., IISR Sakthi and IISR Thevam were explored for both quick wilt and slow wilt resistance along with nematode
resistance at Horticultural Research Station, TNAU, Yercaud during 2017 to 2018. Among the treatments P. colubrinum and Karimunda
combination had more grafting success (81.2%). Screening against Phytophthorato confirm the resistance of grafted rootstocks showed that
P. colubrinumcombination recorded the reaction category of ‘immune’ (I) than other three rootstocks. When the grafted plants were
inoculated with F. solani, all the eight combinations of grafted plants did not show any wilting symptom, thus scoring reaction category
‘resistant’. When the grafted plants were inoculated with M. incognita, IISR Sakthi combination had least gall formation thus confirming the
reaction category of ‘highly resistant’ while P. argyrophyllum registered more number of galls, conforming the rating as ‘susceptible’. Total
phenol, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity were recorded to be low in the grafted plants when compared to ungrafted plants but
higher than the scion material. Thus, it could be concluded that the grafting of black pepper with the Piper species viz., P. colubrinum, P.
argyrophyllum, IISR Sakthi and IISR Thevam exhibited resistance for quick wilt andP. colubrinum, IISR Sakthi and IISR Thevam exhibited
for nematode resistance, they can be recommended as potential rootstocks for management of quick wilt and nematodes in the hotspot areas.
Hence, these rootstocks and scions can be used for sustainable crop production and future crop improvement program.
Key words: Quick wilt, nematode and rootstocks
GNRSA-2020/294
STUDIES ON DIRECT SELECTION PARAMETERS FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN PIGEONPEA (CAJANUSCAJAN L.
MILLSP.)
K. G. KANDARKAR1 ,N.S. KUTE 2 AND SHUBHANGI K. MARASKOLE3

1, Department of Agricultural Botany, PGI, MPKV, Rahuri,
2, Principal scientist, Pulses Improvement Project, MPKV, Rahuri
3, Ph. D. Scholar, Dept. of Agril. Botany, BSKKV, Dapoli
An experiment was conducted with twenty-seven genotypes of Pigeonpea for different quantitative traits to identify genotypes with desirable
attributes for yield and its component traits.The results showed that there are highly significant differences for all the characters which
indicate the presence of an ampleamount of genetic variability. The GCV and PCV values were observed the highest for yield (kg per ha)
followed by plant spread, number of pods per plant, and the number of branches per plant.The genotypes viz., IBTDRG-2, TRG 87, RPS
2008-5, and RVSA 15-8were high grain yielders, while the genotypes RKPV310-09, GJP 1601and BAUPP 15-22were observed early
maturing were identified based on the performance of different genotypes concerning different characters of economic importance such as
grain yield per ha and days to maturity. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean was observed for traits
like the number of branches per plant, seed yield kg per ha, number of pods per plant, and plant spread which indicates the presence of
additive gene action. Such quantitative traits can be improved by simple selection procedure, and thus these traits need to be considered in a
future breeding program.
Keywords: Pigeonpea, Genetic variability, Selection parameter, quantitative traits, heritability
GNRSA-2020/295
DEGRADATION PATTERN OF HERBICIDES IN ACID SOILS OF ASSAM
*
K. MAHANTA, J. DEKA, D. J. RAJKHOWA , M.J. KONWAR, R.K.PARIT AND D. SONOWAL
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam-785013
Herbicides are toxic xenobiotics, which have been used for managing the weeds in the agricultural lands and aquatic bodies. Farmers often
used the herbicide(s) without considering either long or short term effects in soil, water, food chain as well as on its natural habitats. Residual
effect of herbicides in the environment is mostly influenced by their degradation pattern and the half life (T1/2). However, the half-life is not
absolute because it depends on the soil type, temperature, and concentration of the herbicide applied. Microbes play an important role in
degradation as well as counteracting the residual effect of herbicides. In cognizance to the above, a laboratory study was undertaken to
evaluate the degradation pattern of five commonly used herbicides. The soils under study was sandy loam in texture with p H - 5.2, CEC -
6.28 c mol(p+)/kg, Organic Carbon - 0.92 % , available N–260 kg/ha, available P2O5 - 19 kg/ha and available K20 - 86 kg/ha. Six kg soils
were taken in each earthen pot and moisture was maintained at 40% water holding capacity. The recommended rate of application of
herbicides were viz. metribuzine - 500 g/ha, quizalofop – ethyl - 50 g/ha, Butachlor – 1000g/ha, Pretilachlor – 750g/ha and Pendimethalin –
1500g/ha. Herbicides were applied at single and double the recommended doses. Soil samples were collected periodically from the day of
herbicide application (within 4 hours of application) till 30 days after application (DAA) of herbicides and detection of herbicide residue was
done in GC-1000 with Electron Capture Detector (ECD), The degradation of the herbicides in soil followed a first order kinetic. Out of five
herbicides, butachlor, pretilachlor and pendimethalin recorded significantly higher degrees of residues from the 0 DAA to the 30th DAA of
the herbicides over metribuzine and quizalofop–ethyl owing to reduced rate of degradation at higher initial concentration . It was also evident
from degradation pattern that the single herbicide doses degraded slower at the beginning of the experiment over the doubled the herbicide
dose and can probably be explained by the microorganisms’ adaptability to the higher doses. From this study, it can be concluded that
butachlor, pretilachlor and pendimethalin retains significantly higher residues with longer T 1/2 and metribuzine and quizalofop – ethyl with
less residues and shorter T1/2 in soil.
Key words: Herbicides, Degradation, Half life
GNRSA-2020/296
FLOWERING INDUCTION IN MANGO CV. ALPHONSO THROUGH SHOOT TIP PINCHING UNDER HARD LATERITIC
ROCK AREA OF KONKAN REGION OF MAHARASHTRA
K. V. MALSHE, P. M. HALDANKAR, Y. R. PARULEKAR, B. N. SAWANT

College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri 415712 (Maharashtra)
Alphonso mango fruits from Deogad tahsil of Sindhudurg district is admired as it has a unique importance as grown in hard lateritic rock
conditions. Under the climatic aberration, the induction of the flowering at proper time is a big hurdle in mango production. The field trial
was conducted at Mango Research Sub-Centre, Rameshwar, Tal. Deogad, Dist. Sindhudurg (Maharashtra) during the year 2018-19 with a
view to induce flowering through shoot tip pinching. The treatments were T 1 : Control, T2 : Pinching of shoots (150 -200 shoots/tree) in
second fortnight of September, T3 : Pinching of shoots (150 -200 shoots/tree) in First fortnight of October, T 4 : Pinching of shoots (150 -200
shoots/tree) in second fortnight of October, T 5 : Pinching of shoots (150 -200 shoots/tree) in first fortnight of November, T 6 : Pinching of
shoots (150 -200 shoots/tree) in second fortnight of November and T 7 : Pinching of shoots (150 -200 shoots/tree) in first fortnight of
December. The early induction of flowering was noticed in T 4 treatment [Pinching of shoots (150 -200 shoots/tree) in second fortnight of
October] followed by T3 and T5 treatments. The lowest flowering phases (3 phases) were observed in T 4 and T5 treatments. The intensity of
flowering was maximum (70.00%) in T4 treatment and it was at par with T3 treatment. The percentage of hermaphrodite flowers did not vary
significantly.
GNRSA-2020/297
EFFECT OF ORGANIC FORMULATIONS AND INORGANIC FERTILIZATIONS ON YIELD ATTRIBUTES, YIELD AND
QUALITY OF TOMATO
KACHAVE TEJSWINI R.*1, DHAMAK ANIL L., GAJBHIYE BHAGYARESHA R.

1
Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Agricultural Business Management, Akurdi, Pune.
2
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
3
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
The field experiments were planned and conducted during kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the “Effect of organic formulations and
inorganic fertilizations on yield attributes, yield and quality of tomato.” The field experiments were conducted at the research farm, College
of Agriculture, Golegaon, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani. The experiments were laid out in randomized block
design with three replications. There were twelve treatments comprising of organic formulations and inorganic fertilizers. Yield attributes like
number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit yield per plant were found highest with the treatment RDF + Beejamruth + Jeevamruth +
Panchyagavya (T10). The highest tomato yield was obtained by application of RDF + Beejamruth + Jeevamruth + Panchyagavya. Whereas,
lowest fruit and dry matter yield were resulted with only Beejamruth application. As well as the quality parameters like ascorbic acid, total
soluble solid content, reducing sugar content, non reducing sugar content and total sugar content were found highest with the treatment T 10
receiving RDF + Beejamruth + Jeevamruth + Panchyagavya as compared to RDF and individual application of organic formulations during
both the years. The finding emerged out indicated that conjoint use of RDF + Beejamruth + Jeevamruth + Panchyagavya significantly
enhanced in yield attributes, yield and quality of tomato.
Key Words: Organic formulations, Inorganic fertilizers, yield, quality.
GNRSA-2020/298
A STUDY ON EVALUATION OF AGRIBUSINESS INCUBATION CENTRES IN HYDERABAD, TELANGANA
KADIRE PREETHIKA
EMAIL: Preethika.3486@gmail.com
The paper outlined the agribusiness incubation centres present in Hyderabad, Telangana. There is a need for critical evaluation of ABI
centres. Hyderabad city was taken as the study area, as it has seven ABI centres and it is considered as the hub of Agri Business Incubation
centres. To perform the study, primary data was collected from five incubation centres present in Hyderabad with the sample size of 80. The
secondary data was collected from various sources such as reports, websites, articles, magazines etc. The study was aimed at determining the
socio economic profiles and perception level of incubatees towards agribusiness incubation centres. To study issues faced by the agribusiness
incubation centres and to evolve strategies for effective functioning of agribusiness incubation centres. The results revealed that the majority
of the respondents were males (82.4%), with the age group between 36- 50 (48%). Most of them are having the work experience of 1-10
years (52%). Out of the total respondents, farming is the major family occupation (60%). The educational qualification of most of the
incubatees was under graduation (42.6%) from different branches. The major drive for choosing entrepreneurship was personal interest
(33%), with which they approached the incubation centres. Majority (40%) of them approached the ICRISAT, as it is known for oldest and
efficient incubation centre. Perception levels towards critical challenges faced by the incubatees were technology related challenges while
infrastructure was considered as the least faced challenge. Perception towards performance appraisal of services in incubation centre were
planning strategies was considered as the excellent service provided of all the services; while administrative & office service was considered
as the good service. Marketing assistance to access market and Mentoring process is given average rating by majority of respondents.
Training to IPR issues was given poor rating while post mentoring services was considered as very poor service. By evaluating the ABIs in
Hyderabad, certain strategies were suggested for better functioning of the centres such as personal mentoring to the incubatees, self-financing
by incubators, incubating the new incubators, mitigating the risks related to agri & allied sectors and providing the public- private partnership
business models.
GNRSA-2020/299
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY: A TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION- INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
DR. SITA RANI

Deputy Dean (Research and Development) Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Gulzar Institute of Engineering and Technology, ( Affiliated To I.K.G. Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala)
Gulzar Group of Institutes, Khanna ( Ludhiana) Punjab, INDIA-141401.
Information and communication technology (ICT) is a field of work and study that “includes technologies such as desktop and laptop
computers, software, peripherals, and connections to the Internet that are intended to fulfill information processing and communications
functions” ICT uses the newest technologies to process and communicate information. According to the World Bank , “Information and
Communication Technologies consist of hardware, software, networks, and media for collection, storage, processing, transmission, and
presentation of information”. They include radios, TVs, telephones, computers, Internet technologies, and databases. Communication,
information exchange, transactions, knowledge transfer are fundamental in nearly every aspect of agriculture. Therefore, digitization of
agriculture and food chains is high on the political agenda. For instance, there was an entire part dedicated to ICT in agriculture in the G20
Agriculture Ministers’ Action Plan 2017. In the Action Plan, the ministers renewed their commitment to advance ICT innovation to improve
the efficiency and sustainability of the agricultural sector. Food sustainability transitions refer to transformation processes necessary to move
towards sustainable food systems. Digitization is one of the most important ongoing transformation processes in global agriculture and food
chains. In this session, contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to transition towards sustainability along the food
chain (production, processing, distribution, consumption) will be discussed. A particular attention is devoted to precision agriculture as a food
production model that integrates many ICTs. ICTs can contribute to agro-food sustainability transition by increasing resource productivity,
reducing inefficiencies, decreasing management costs, and improving food chain coordination. Along with the limiting factors of ICT
towards the domain of agriculture and food systems will also be explored.
GNRSA-2020/300
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS IN KINNAUR DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
GAGAN MEHTA1 AND R S PRASHER2

Department of Social Sciences, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230 H.P, India
The present study was conducted with an objective to analyse the sustainable livelihood framework among the tribal community in Kinnaur
district of Himachal Pradesh. The livelihood analysis was conducted within SRL (Sustainable Rural Livelihood) framework of human,
physical, natural, social and political capital as developed by Department for International Development (DFID) in selected blocks viz. Kalpa
and Pooh of Kinnaur district. Commensurate with the objective of the study a well structured questionnaire was designed to collect
information on the livelihood assets framework of randomly selected 120 respondents. The capital assets selected were analysed in the
context of livelihood assets, impact of government policies, transforming structures and processes that lead to livelihood strategies for desired
or expected livelihood outcomes. In order to elicit farm category variations of livelihood assets consolidated analysis of physical, social,
political, human, financial and natural capitals was carried out using weightage score assigned to each of sub-variables/indicators under
each category. The livelihood outcome was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis Method in which 5 selected indicators/ variables
explained about 71 per cent of the total variations in the livelihood outcome. Livelihood framework analysis revealed that medium farmers
had better position in physical, financial and human capitals/assets status than small and marginal farmers. As far as social and political
capital was concerned it was same in all the three farm categories. No significant difference was found in natural capital on different farm
categories. Among all the government sponsored schemes, the schemes which had significant impact on livelihood of sample households
were Watershed Development Programmes (IWDP/IWMP), Desert Development Programme (DDP), Integrated Rural Development
Programme (IRDP), National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS), Indira Awaas Yojna. This study suggests that development initiatives have
enhanced the Natural, Physical and financial capital but coordinated efforts need to be focused on human capital.
Keywords: Sustainable livelihood framework, livelihood assets
GNRSA-2020/301
CONVERSION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) INTO BIOFOTIFIED COMPOST THROUGH SYNERGISTIC
MICROBIAL CONSORTIA
KALAISELVI, P., E. PARAMESWARI, S. PAUL SEBASTIAN, V. DAVAMANI AND R. POORNIMA
Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
India is rapidly shifting from agricultural-based nation to industrial and services-oriented country. Planning Commission Report (2014)
reveals that 377 million people residing in urban area generate 62 million tons of MSW per annum currently and it is projected that by 2031
these urban centers will generate 165 million tons of waste annually. To accommodate this amount of waste generated by 2031, about 1,175
hectare of land per year is needed. MSW of India comprise of biodegradable wastes, recyclable materials, inert waste matter, composite waste
and domestic hazardous waste. The major portions of the MSW (organic portion 40-60%) is plantbiomass, processed collectively by the
synergy of lignocellulase enzymes. Presently, microbial strains capable to secrete lignocellulosic enzymes and degrade MSW through
hydrolysis. A few known potent lignin and cellulose producing bacteria include; Cellulomonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus spp. and
Thermoaction mycetes. Likewise, fungal species Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Sclerotium and white-rot fungi, produce extracellular enzymes
accountable for cellulose and lignin degradation during composting. Hence, the organic fraction of MSW has the huge potential for bio-
compost making and it makes the sustainable environment through reduce the land fill areas, arrest the greenhouse gas emission, controls the
pollution, improve the soil fertility and avoiding soil degradation.
Keywords: MSW, Biodegradable fraction, Microbes, Compost
GNRSA-2020/302
FLOWERS FOREVER: DRIED NATIVE ORNAMENTAL PLANTS OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH AND ITS VALUE ADDITION
KALKAME CH. MOMIN*, SUNIL KUMAR, KH. LILY AND V. BHARGAV

College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh
Wild and underutilized plant species and particularly ornamental cut flowers can be converted into value added products using
simple dehydration technique or it may be naturally dried. The present studies have been carried out to explore the potential of wild
ornamental plants of Arunachal Pradesh as dried ornamentals for the purpose of dry flower making. The plant parts have been collected from
different places viz. Pasighat, Bodak, Renging, Menchuka, Bomdilla, Tenga Valley, Yingkiong, etc. A total of fourteen (14) plant species has
been identified which has the potential for use as dried flowers without any loss in quality and appearance. The species identified includes
Pteridium aquilinum (Eagle Fern/Western Bracken Fern), Lycopodium clavatum (Stag’s Horn Clubmoss/Ground pine), Nicandra
phylasoides (Apple of Peru), Scirpus cyperinus (Wool grass), Barleria cristata (Phillipine violet), Cortaderia selloana (Pampas grass),
Anaphilis busua (Tall pearly everlasting), Miscanthus spp. (Silver grass), lichens, Phragmites spp. (common reed grass), Davallia bullata
(Rabbit foot fern), Tillandsia spp. (Spanish moss), Elsholtzia cristata (Crested late summer mint) and Setaria parviflora (Bristly foxtail).
Maximum number of genera belongs to the family of Poaceae followed by Cyperaceae. Seed heads of Cortaderia selloana, Miscanthus spp.,
Phragmites spp., Erioscirpus comosus, Scirpus cyperinus, Setaria parviflora; leaves of Pteridium aquilinum, Lycopodium clavatum, Davallia
bullata; fruits of Nicandra phylasoides, Elsholtzia cristata; flower of Anaphilis busua; dried calyx of Barleria cristata and stem of Tillandsia
spp. have been used for drying and for value addition. A cottage-scale industry based on floral craft can come up for self-employment of
unemployed youths in the state and as a side income for the housewives as well as rural women through this creative occupation.
Keywords: native, wild, dry flowers, technology, dehydration, value addition
GNRSA-2020/303
CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN URBAN GREEN SPACES
KALPANA MISHRA1AND HEMANT KUMAR2

College of Forestry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, India.
Urban green spaces (UGSs) are becoming important in developing countries. The alarming rate of urbanization increases the importance and
value of UGSs. Urban green spaces provide a number of ecosystem services and improve certain aspects of air quality. Even a very small
urban green space can provide invaluable ecosystem services and it offers an opportunity to explain about environmental processes and the
significance of conservation to the citizen. Trees in the urban environment also play a high impact role in reducing the intensity of urban heat
island effects (UHI). Urban vegetation can sequester good amounts of carbon; reduce storm water runoff and functions as pollutant traps and
noise filters. Diverse ecological conditions on the planet those created solely for human-by-human activities are urban ecosystems, where
functional role of the land for economic activities comprise the land, and these ecological systems are very different from non-urban systems.
The ability to quantify and characterize landscape structure is pre-requisite to the study of landscape function and change particularly in urban
ecosystems, where biophysical and ecological drivers control the presence of tree vegetation or green areas, however, and the landscape
dynamics (patch and heterogeneity) is largely governed by the socio-economic drivers. While urban vegetation generate a diverse set of
ecosystem services of substantial significance for human well-being, the accelerating rate of urbanization worldwide is changing landscape
and the driving forces may include rapid growth rates of population and changing patterns of human settlements. Hence, the landscape
dynamics are shaped by human activities and referred as a coupled social–ecological system. Where landscape changes are brought by human
influences operating at different spatial and temporal scales. Landscape features (patch, land cover class, landscape mosaics) can be
quantified using metrics or indices of the geographic area mainly larger natural landscapes, but also in urban landscape.
Keywords: Urban Green Spaces, Ecosystem, Carbon sequestration, Biomass etc.
GNRSA-2020/304
CONSTRAINTS FACED BY MANDARIN GROWERS IN MARKETING OF THEIR PRODUCE
KALYANI S. KHADTARE, NEHA S. POTE AND ASHISH H. LADE

College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani
The study was conducted in Amravati district of Maharashtra State. With the help of exploratory research design, data were collected from 80
farmers and analyzed with the help of suitable statistical methods. Distribution of respondents according to the marketing constraints faced by
the mandarin growers i.e. Exploitation by middlemen, High cost of transportation, Storage and Grading, Fluctuation in market price, High
commission charges, Lack of market information and Distribution of the respondents according to the suggestions by the mandarin growers
to overcome the problems i.e. Eliminate middlemen, Standardized price for the produce, Provide access to market information, Frame
cooperatives for collective marketing, Mandarin association should spend time on market research.
Keywords: Mandarin growers, Market, Maharashtra
GNRSA-2020/305
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ASSOCIATION STUDIES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN FOXTAIL
MILLET
KAMAL K. SHARMA AND VASUNDHARA DANGI

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV College of Agriculture, Rewa 486001, M.P. India
Present investigation of genetic variability, correlation, path and genetic divergence analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in 22
genotypes of foxtail millet was carried out during kharif, 2019 at JNKVV, College of agriculture (Rewa, M.P.). Mean value of ear length and
grain yield per plant was also observed highest for genotypes SiA-3159. Highest estimates of PCV were observed for harvest index and
number of basal tillers per plant and higher GCV were observed for Number of basal tillers per plant and harvest index. High estimates of
heritability was recorded for days to maturity,1000 grain weight, plant height and peduncle length and high genetic advance was recorded for
number of tillers per plant and 1000 grain yield per plant. The correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that grain yield per plant had
highly significant positive association with harvest index and peduncle length. Similarly path analysis indicated that harvest index had the
maximum positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by biological yield, peduncle length, 1000 grain weight, day to maturity,
plant height, ear length, flag leaf width. While negative effects on grain yield were contributed by day to 50% flowering, flag leaf length and
number of tillers per plant. Twenty two genotypes of foxtail millet were grouped into 5 clusters. Among 5 clusters, cluster I was the biggest
with 12 genotypes followed by cluster II and cluster III contained 4 genotypes, when cluster IV to V is small among then they contained
single genotypes. Inter and intra cluster distance revealed that maximum inter cluster distance was exhibited between cluster I and II. The
cluster mean for grain yield and its attributing traits revealed that four genotypes namely DHFt-109-3, SiA-3159 and TNSi-364 followed in
cluster III had higher grain yield along with highest harvest index. While one genotype namely IIMR-FXM-4 in cluster V had higher flag leaf
length, biological yield per plant, plant height and days to 50% flowering. It means several yield attributing traits along with grain yield per
plant present in the genotypes namely DHFt-109-3, SiA-3159, TNSi-364 and IIMR-FXM-4, so they may be used as parent in hybridization.
GNRSA-2020/306
EFFECT OF LAND CONFIGURATION AND MOISTURE REGIMES ON PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER MAIZE HYBRIDS
KAMAL TIWARI1, B.N. SINGH2, SANJEEV KUMAR3, RAM NIWAS4

1&4
: Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agronomy, CSAUA&T, Kanpur, 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, ANDUA&T, Ayodhya,
3
Professor, Department of Agronomy, CSAUA&T, Kanpur
A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, ANDUA&T, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U.P.) during summer
season of 2017-18 to study the “Effect of land configuration and moisture regimes on performance of summer maize hybrids.” The
experiment comprised of twenty four treatment combinations and conducted in split plot design and replicated three time. Experiment
consisted of three land configurations viz. flat bed planting, ridge planting and paired row planting on raised bed, rice straw mulch and non
mulch were kept in main plots and four moisture regimes viz. 0.6 IW/CPE ratio, 0.8 IW/CPE ratio, 1.0 IW/CPE ratio and 1.2 IW/CPE ratio
were kept in sub plots. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, 50 per cent flowering and days of
maturity and yield, its attributes such as number of cobs plant1, number of rows cob-1, number of grains cob-1, test weigh (g) weight of grains
cob-1 (g), weight of cob (g), grain yield (q ha -1), stover yield (q ha-1) and harvest index were significantly higher observed except test weight
and harvest index in paired row planting on raised bed followed by ridge planting and in rice straw mulch than non mulch. In moisture regime
same all parameters as above were significantly higher observed in 1.0 IW/CPE ratio which were at par with 1.2 IW/CPE ratio and lower with
0.6 IW/CPE ratio. Higher water use efficiency were observed in rice straw mulch than non mulch and in moisture regime were observed with
1.0 IW/CPE ratio followed by 0.8 IW/CPE ratio. The gross return, net return and benefit cost (B:C) ratio higher were observed in the
combination of paired row planting on raised bed with rice straw mulch and 1.0 IW/CPE ratio and minimum were observed in combination of
flat bed planting without rice straw mulch and 0.6 IW/CPE ratio.
GNRSA-2020/307
CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. EM.
THELL)
KAMLESH KUMAR1, TARKESHWAR2*, MUKESH SINGH3, AVINASH GUPTA3, SONI SINGH2 AND S.C. GAUR1
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Baba Raghav Das P G College, Deoria (U.P.) – 274 001, India, 2Department of Genetics and
Plant Breeding, A.N.D.U.A.T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) – 224 229, India, 3Department of Agricultural Entomology, Baba Raghav Das P
G College, Deoria (U.P.) – 274 001, India
The field experiment under present investigation was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm of B.R.D. Post Graduate College (Campus),
Deoria (U.P.) during rabi 2014-15 in normal soil, timely sown and irrigated conditions. Total 81 genotypes excluding 3 checks were
evaluated for 14 quantitative traits [viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers/plant, spike
length (cm), number of spikelet/spike, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield/plant (g), flag leaf area (cm2), peduncle length (cm),
grain yield/spike (g), biological yield/plant (g) and harvest index (%)] under Augmented Block Design.Analysis of correlation coefficients
revealed that generally the amount of genetic correlation coefficients were very close to phenotypic correlation coefficient in most cases,
suggesting the existence of inherent associations among the traits studied. Plant height, productive tillers per plant, biological yield per plant,
number of grains per spike and harvest index had significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant. The traits ear length, yield per
spike and peduncle length also possessed significant positive correlation with number of grains per spike, 1000 grains weight and number of
grains per spike respectively. Path analysis revealed that productive tillers per plant, biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike and
1000 grains weight found to have direct and positive effect on grain yield per plant. The characters plant height via days to 50% flowering,
productive tillers per plant via spikelets per spike, spikelets per spike via productive tillers per plant, yield per spike via days to 50%
flowering and number of grains per spike via spikelets per spike also possessed positive indirect effect on grain yield.
Keywords: Bread wheat, grain yield, correlation coefficient and path coefficient.
GNRSA-2020/308
TO ANALYZE VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER EFFECTING LAUNDRY WORK
KANCHAN PANT AND SEEMA KWATRA

Department of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
Laundry workers are currently facing different type of occupational health hazards due to improper working environment. Objective of the
study is to analyze various environmental parameters effecting laundry work. and its negative impact on laundry workers. For this study
around 120 laundry workers were randomly selected from Nainital and U.S. Nagar Districts of Uttarahand. Results revealed that
environmental parameters such as light, temperature, noise, humidity etc negatively affected laundry workers. Due to high temperature, noise,
low light laundry workers were facing problems like lack of concentration, hearing problems, eyes problems, irritation, and psychological
fatigue and many more. As a solution some economical interior design related tips for controlling light, temperature, and noise were
suggested. Yoga and meditation related classes were also conducted.
Key points- occupational health hazards, working environment, environmental parameters, psychological fatigue etc.
GNRSA-2020/309
INCIDENCE OF FRUIT AND SHOOT BORER OF OKRA
KAPIL SINGH YADAV* AND DR. RUDRA PRATAP SINGH**

*Research Scholar, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Raj.), **Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Bhagwant
University, Ajmer (Raj.)
Okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (F.) is one of the serious pests of okra. In India an estimated loss of 69% in marketable yield was
due to attack of this insect on okra alone. A large number of parasitoids have been reported on E. vittella from the Indian subcontinent. Okra
is susceptible to the attack of various insects from seedling to fruiting stage such as okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vittella, okra jassid, cut
worm, white fly, aphids etc. Among these okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella is the most serious pest which cause direct damage to
tender shoots and fruits. The adult female of okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella lays eggs individually on leaves, floral buds and on
tender fruits. Small brown caterpillars bore into the top shoot and feeds inside the shoot before fruit formation. The shoot wilt and dry as a
result the damaged plant develop branches. Later on caterpillars bore into the fruits and feed inside as a result the infested plant bears smaller
and deformed pods. A larva attacks a number of stems and pods one after another. Damaged plant tissues serve as entrance for disease
causing microorganisms such as fungi. Conventionally farmers are using various types of synthetic chemical insecticides to control okra
shoot and fruit borer. But due to the unconscious and unjustified use of synthetic pesticides create several problems in agro-ecosystem such as
direct toxicity to beneficial insects, fishes, and man. Therefore, it is now urgently need to use safe and effective biodegradable pesticides with
less toxic effects on non-target organisms. The biologically active natural plant products may play a significant role in this regard.
GNRSA-2020/310
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF MUSKMELON (CUCUMIS MELO L.) FOR BIOCHEMICAL FRUIT TRAITS IN THE POST
GENOMIC ERA
KARAMVIR KAUR*, SAT PAL SHARMA AND SIMRANPREET KAUR

Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Cultivated and wild accessions of muskmelon exhibit enormous genetic diversity for fruit phenetic and quality traits. An equally complex
developmental ripening process governs the synthesis and accumulation of an array of phytochemicals encompassing flavonoids, volatile
aromatics, and health-promoting bioactive compounds in muskmelon fruits. It is desirable to discern the underlying genetics of the fruit
quality traits and identification of novel alleles governing these traits such that these can be introduced in elite inbred lines and commercial
cultivars. Significant information has been accumulated through classical breeding approaches focusing on the utilization of natural variants,
gene action, population improvement, and gene introgression strategies. However, the availability of the reference whole genome sequence of
muskmelon has further improved the know-how on nature, inheritance, and genetic fidelity of fruit morphology and quality characteristics.
Further, advanced molecular sequencing techniques, such as Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) and RNA-seq based Next Generation
Sequencing (NGS), Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and Marker-assisted selection (MAS)
approaches can help in the physical location, inheritance, and utilization of genes governing fruit quality features in muskmelon.
Keywords: ascorbic acid, β-carotene, phyto-chemicals, sequencing techniques, volatile aromatics.
GNRSA-2020/311
FORECASTING WEATHER PHENOMENON THROUGH INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE PRACTICED IN JAMMU AND
KASHMIR
KARAN CHHABRA*, MANOJ KUMAR, MANZOOR AHMAD KHATANA

ICAR-CITH; Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Baramulla, 193404, J&K-India
Weather and Climate are one of the most important factors affecting the agricultural production. An advance information on the probable
weather in future, obtained, on evaluating the present and past meteorological conditions of the atmosphere, for a given location. It is made
by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere at a given place and using scientific understanding of atmosphere
processes to project how the atmosphere will change, states weather forecast techniques i.e. now a days in practice by use of different weather
simulation models, by various weather and climate agencies. Weather forecast and its accuracy plays a very significant role in agriculture
sector, helps in managing weather risks and modifying crop planning as per the future weather conditions. In past years, and still, farmers are
capable of predicting the weather conditions of future days, due their knowledge on daily weather observations, indigenous and traditional
skills based on astronomical phenomenon helps in predicting upcoming weather behavior from birds activities, from animal activities, from
social and cultural beliefs etc.
Keywords: Weather prediction, Indigenous technology knowledge, Models
GNRSA-2020/312
REVIEW ON MECHANISMS OF BIO-CHAR FOR PLANT DISEASE SUPPRESSION
KARTIK NAKUM, T.P.VAGHASIYA AND ADESH KUMAR*

The application of Bio-char and other organic substances has been proposed to supress the plant diseases caused by pathogen. In this article
we reviewed research related disease suppression and effect on soil enzyme activities by Bio-char. The effect of Bio-char was highly
suppressive, less non-significant and very less in increase of disease incidence. We studied a no. of paper and article related to Bio-char make
a table including many pathogens of plant, effect of Bio-char and mechanism of disease suppression of Bio-char. Different mechanisms of
disease suppression by Bio-char have been proposed like (1) Induce systemic resistance in the host plant. (2) Improve abundance and
activities of mycorrhizal fungi and another beneficial microbe in the soil. (3) Changing the nutrient uptake capacity and soil physical and
biochemical properties. (4) Increase the soil enzyme activities by improving nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous cycling enzymes. (5) Direct
fungitoxic effect of Bio-char. (6) Some negative effect also reported like sorption of allelopathic, phytotoxic elements that can directly effect
on plant roots thus increase the chance of pathogen attacks. Results from this article determine that Bio-char have very much capability but
still we need proper knowledge and studies for wide spread implementation.
GNRSA-2020/313
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES ON AVAILABLE MICRONUTRIENT STATUS IN SOIL
KAVITA*, KAVINDER1, HARENDER1

*Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar 125004, 1Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University Hisar 125004
The study was conducted to examine the influence of different tillage practices on micronutrient availability in soil. The treatments included
zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and furrow irrigated raised bed system (FIRBS) in main plot with maize-wheat crop rotation. The
experiment was conducted on agronomy farm of CCSHAU. The treatments were arranged in a spilt plot design with three replications.
Measurements made at the end of 4 year and data showed that in the 0-15 cm soil depth,different tillage practices had significant effect on
soil available micronutrient content. Higher value of Zn and Fe reported under ZT (3.63 mg kg -1, 15.49 mg kg-1) followed by CT (2.87 mg kg-
1,
13.65 mg kg-1) and FIRBS (2.47 mg kg-1,13.47 mg kg-1) respectively. In case of Cu, higher value (1.32 mg kg -1) reported under ZT followed
by FIRBS (1.30 mg kg-1) and CT (1.22 mg kg-1). Trend was reverse in case of Mn and content was significantly higher (9.4 mg kg -1) under
CT followed by ZT (9.02 mg kg -1) and FIRBS (8.70 mg kg-1). The results suggest conservational tillage can play a vital role in sustaining
micronutrient availability due accumulation in greater amount of organic matter compared to conventional tillage practices.
Keywords: Tillage, soil depth and micronutrient.
GNRSA-2020/314
EFFECT OF TRAINING ON NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF ANGANWADI WORKERS OF KOPPAL DISTRICT IN
KARNATAKA
* KAVITHA. Y. ULLIKASHI ,
*Krishi vigyan kendra ,Gangavathi,koppal district , Karnataka.
The present study was carried out on the socio-economic and demographic profiles of the 60 anganwadi workers in koppal district of
karnataka. Nutritional education regarding four selected topics was imparted through on/off campus trainings. Pre-test and post-test data were
recorded through knowledge test schedule and retention of knowledge after 15 days of imparting the training. It was revealed that 50 percent
of anganwadi workers were under the age group of 36-45 yr and majority (96.6 %) were married. Though, 43.3 percent of the respondents
were graduates, 73.3 per cent had an experience of 5-10 yr whereas, 6.6 per cent have less than five year experience. The score of post-test I
(gain in knowledge) and post-test II (retention in knowledge) were greater than pre- test scores which indicated that nutritional education
intervention was helpful in gaining knowledge in the selected subjects. Hence, in future, need based training programme should be planned
and executed for anganwadi workers in order to update them and able to use good health and nutrition related practices for better care of rural
childern.
Key Words: Anganwadi workers, Knowledge, Nutrition, Respondents.
GNRSA-2020/315
IMPACT OF TRAININGS OF PROCESSING VALUE ADDITION OF TOMATO ON THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND
PRACTICE OF RURAL WOMEN
* KAVITHA. Y. ULLIKASHI, ** C. M. KALIBAVI

* Krishi vigyan kendra ,Gangavathi,koppal district , Karnataka.
**Extension leader ,Agriculture Extension Center ,Hadgali taluk ,Bellary , Karnataka.
Women form the major workforce in agriculture in general. In food processing sector participation of women is substantial particularly
upstream activities. Keeping in view of involvement of women in vegetable processing, the present study was conducted in bellary district
Karnataka state. A total of 110 rural women were selected from two villages where tomato was a major crop for the study and training was
imparted on processing value addition of tomatoes. Total 15 products were demonstrated. Knowledge and test was assessed before and after
the training .The results showed that there was great difference between pre- and post- training exposure, mean score of knowledge and
attitude was highly significant. Maximum numbers of respondents has knowledge of products with their ingredients and methods of
preparation and also have significant knowledge of precaution while making these products. Most of the respondents have positive attitude to
start processing unit at a small scale as it is easy to manage small enterprise at village level.
GNRSA-2020/316
RURAL YOUTH’S KNOWLEDGE REGARDING E-LEARNING
KAWITA BHATT1*, RAJSHREE UPADHYAY2

1
Ph D Scholar, Department of Agricultural Communication, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh
Nagar- 263145, Uttarakhand 2Professor, Extension Education and Communication Management, College of Community and Applied
Sciences, MPUAT, Udaipur-313001, Rajasthan
This study focused on the rural youth’s knowledge and awareness of e-learning. Study was undertaken in Udaipur district of Rajasthan that
included 70 male and 70 female respondents. The results revealed that about 70 per cent of the respondents’ mothers were illiterate anda bout
34.29 per cent respondents’ fathers were educated up to primary level and secondary level (20 %). In spite of this almost all the respondents
(100%) knew about e-learning and most of them (99.28 %) accessed e-learning. Further it was found that most of the rural youth (97.86%)
had average extent of knowledge about e-learning with 46.80MPS and rest (2.14%) had poor knowledge about it.
Keywords: Mobile learning, distance education, online learning, social media, Knowledge, Udaipur
GNRSA-2020/317
SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT GENOMIC GROUPS OF BANANA FOR FIBER INDUSTRIES
KETAN S. MUNGRA AND PARESH A. VAVDIYA

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, NAU, Gujarat
Banana is one of the important economic crop distributed throughout world and can grow in both tropical and subtropical regions. For India it
is more important because India is the largest producer of banana in the world. Apart from being food-fruit crop, banana plant is versatile
with respect to its utilities, among different utilities fiber from banana psuedostem is one of the most important use of banana waste plants
which can give good economic benefit to banana growers. Different cultivars as well as different genomic groups of banana have variability
with respect to biomass production and fiber recovery from banana plants. Based on the result found in various experiment as discussed
above, triploid cultivar having contribution of B genome can give more biomass. Further we also see that in both experiments which we
discussed we found that cultivar belongs to genomic group AAB (i.e. Pachanadan, Poovan and Karpura Chakkerakeli) gives higher fiber
recovery, so these types of cultivar can give more benefit to farmers. In short banana farming can be successfully exploited for the fiber
industries after harvesting of fruit to get additional economic benefit.
GNRSA-2020/318
RESPONSE OF ORGANIC MULCHING AT DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GROWTH AND
FLOWERING OF GLADIOLUS CV AMERICAN BEAUTY
KH. LILY DEVI1, SOUMEN MAITRA2, AYON ROY3, KALKAME CH. MOMIN4 AND SUNIL KUMAR5
1
College of Agriculture (CAU), Pasighat - 791102, 2,3 Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (UBKV), Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal-
736165, 4,5College of Horticulture & Forestry (CAU), Pasighat.
A field experiment on organic mulching with paddy straw at different nutrient management practices consisting of microbial resources,
organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and pre-planting chemical corm treatment with carbendazim was conducted at the instructional farm of
the Department of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari,
Cooch Behar during 2010- 2011 and 2011-2012. The design of experiment was Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of eight
different treatments combination replicated thrice and the effects were compared with control (without mulch) to evaluate the best effective
combination of organic mulch with suitable nutrient management practices. Results of the study revealed that the treatment containing
Organic mulching (paddy straw) + Vermicompost (0.5Kg/m 2) + Chemical corm treatment (Carbendazim @ 1g/l) + Biocontrol agent (a
mixture of Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichoderma @ 0.5g/m2 each) + Nitrogenous Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirilum mixture @
0.5g/m2 each) + Phosphatic Biofertilizer (Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 0.5g/m2 each) expressed considerable improvement in respect of
vegetative characters like plant height at 60 days after planting (DAP) (89.33 cm) and 90 DAP (120.75 cm) and leaf production at 30 DAP
(7.50), 60 DAP (11.04) and 90 DAP (11.25); Also in flower and quality characters like earliness in flowering (65.95 DAP), time period
required for flower bud development (74.17 DAP), length of spikes (87.28 cm), number of florets/spike (15.45), diameters of florets (10.72
cm), vase-life of cut spikes (6.70 days) were recorded superior as compared to other treatments. Hence organic mulching along with organic
nutrients supplement may be recommended as suitable package of practices for production of gladiolus through organic mode.
Key Words: Gladiolus, organic mulching, vegetative growth, flowering
GNRSA-2020/319
NANO-FORMULATION: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO MANAGE PLANT DISEASES BY MINIMIZING USE OF
PESTICIDES
KHAIRE P. B1, NARUTE T. K2 AND MANE S. S3

Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, PGI, MPKV, Rahuri,
Taniguchi (1974) referred to the term nanotechnology as a science that is primarily concerned with the synthesis and application of nano-
sized particles (1-100 nm or 1.0x10-9m) of any substance. When a material is merged to nano-sized, it behaves differently and communicates
some new properties that are totally absent in its macro-scale shape. Nanoparticles (NPs) have a high surface-to-volume ratio that increases
their reactivity and potential biochemical activity (Dubchak et al., 2010). Nowadays Nano-formulations (NF’s)/Nano-molecules (NM’s) are
the most attractive and fast-growing sciences and will revolutionise many faculties of science, technology, medicine and agriculture.
Conversion of macro-materials into nano-sized particles (1-100nm) creating new characteristics that behave differently. NM’s/NP’s can be
produced using a combination of chemical and biological processes, the former being commercially used. NM’s can potentially be used in the
protection of plants, especially in the management of crop diseases. NP’s can function on pathogens in a manner similar to chemical
pesticides, or NM’s may be used as carriers of active ingredients of pesticides, host defence inducing chemicals, etc. to target
microorganisms. Owing to its ultra-small scale, NP’s can affect virus particles and open up a new area of virus management in crops.
Diagnosis of the disease, pathogen identification and residual analysis with the use of nano-sensors can be very accurate and rapid.
Key Words: Nano-formulations, Eco-friendly approach, Plant Disease Management, Pesticides Use.
GNRSA-2020/320
NEW PARADIGM FOR URBAN GREENING: A CONCEPT OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN
KHALING LALLEMMOI, SUNIL KUMAR1*, KALKAME CH. MOMIN AND KHWAIRAKPAMLILY DEVI
1*
Department of Floriculture & Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat-791
102, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Rapid unplanned urbanization has overcrowded the city which in turn, have cause many environmental and social problems that have
seriously affected city dwellers’ health and wellbeing viz the urban heat island effect, CO2 emissions, soil sealing, biodiversity loss, air, water
and soil pollution as well as climate change.Integrating nature in urban developmental project by incorporating the biophilic design can
reduce stress, enhance creativity and clarity of thought,increasing and improving the green space which is not only aesthetic but is also
healthy both for the physical and mental well-being. Biophilic design in planning a building and landscape is a way of bringing the nature to
the city for sustainable development. Different ways of incorporating biophilic design are terrace garden, indoor garden, green walls, road
side plantation, greening between the city, improving the community garden etc. Such design is also a way of conserving the nature by
reducing the impact of the rapid development in technology to our life.
Keywords: Biophilia, biophilic design, sustainable development, green spaces
GNRSA-2020/321
CONSTRAINTS AND SUGGESTIONS PERCEIVED BY FARMERS IN UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES (DCTS) FOR AGRICULTURE
KHARGE A.P., KADAM R.P. AND MORE A. G.

Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani - 431 402, India.
The present study explored the constraints and suggestions perceived by farmers for utilization of Digital and Communication Technologies
(DCTs) in agriculture. The study conducted in Parbhani district of Maharashtra state. The constituting total sample size is 135. The Ex-post-
facto research design was used for the study. A well structured questionnaire designed for study was used for collecting the data from
respondents through personal interview method. Constraints faced by farmers in utilization of Digital and Communication Technologies
(DCT) tools, farmers faced the infrastructural constraints i.e. lack of uninterrupted power supply, lack of awareness about Digital and
Communication Technology (DCT) tools, inadequate internet facilities, etc. Farmers also faced socio-economic constraints i.e. high cost of
Digital and communication technologies (DCT) gadgets like smart phone, computers, etc., lack of subsidies on Digital and Communication
Technologies (DCT) gadgets, high cost of servicing charges of Digital and Communication Technologies (DCT) gadgets, etc. Farmers also
faced technical constraints i.e. lack of training of the farmers about use of Digital and Communication Technologies (DCT) tools, difficulty in
the understanding the language of Digital and Communication Technologies (DCT) gadgets, faulty communication between sellers/operators
and farmers about use of Digital and communication Technologies (DCT) tools, etc. All these constraints can be overcome by implementing
suggestions by respondents like; to create awareness about Digital and Communication Technologies (DCT) tools, to provision of continuous
and on time internet facilities, to provide uninterrupted power supply, easy language for understanding of Digital and communication
Technologies (DCT) tools, to provide proper infrastructural facilities for maintenance of Digital and Communication Technologies (DCT)
tools, maximum utilization of Digital and Communication Technologies (DCT) tools, proper connectivity of internet and better mobile
network connectivity in village, arranging of proper training to the farmers, etc.
Key words: Digital and Communication Technology (DCT) tools, farmers, Constraints, infrastructural
GNRSA-2020/322
RATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE FARMERS REGARDING DIGITAL AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (DCTS)
UTILIZATION
*KHARGE A.P., LADE A. H. AND MORE A. G.

The present study was carried out to analyze the relationship between profile characteristics of farmers and overall utilization of digital
communication technologies (DCT) tools. For the study Parbhani district were randomly selected from Marathwada region of Maharashtra
State. Three talukas viz., Parbhani, Gangakhed and Purna from Parbhani district were selected randomly and three villages from each talukas
were selected randomly. From each village fifteen respondents were selected randomly. That respondent who are using smart phone with
internet facilities is available and engaged in agricultural operations. The constituting total sample size is 135. The Ex-post-facto research
design was used for the study. A well structured questionnaire designed for study was used for collecting the data from respondents through
personal interview method. The data collections from the respondents were edited tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical tools like
frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearsons coefficient of correlation. The study was noticed that relationship between
profile characteristics of farmers and overall utilization of digital communication technologies (DCT) tools. It was stated that all respondents
were having medium level relationship with independent variables except land holding, annual income and scientific orientation shows non-
significant relationship with overall utilization of DCT tools by the farmers.
Key word: Correlation, DCT tools, Relationship, Utilization, Profile of farmers
GNRSA-2020/323
UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (DCTS) IN AGRICULTURE BY THE FARMERS

The present study explored utilization of farmers towards Digital and Communication Technologies (DCTs) in agriculture. For the study
Parbhani district were randomly selected from Marathwada region of Maharashtra State. Three talukas viz., Parbhani, Gangakhed and Purna
from Parbhani district were selected randomly and three villages from each talukas were selected randomly. From each village fifteen
respondents were selected randomly. That respondent who are using smart phone with internet facilities is available and engaged in
agricultural operations. The constituting total sample size is 135. The Ex-post-facto research design was used for the study. A well structured
questionnaire designed for study was used for collecting the data from respondents through personal interview method. The data collections
from the respondents were edited tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation
and Pearsons coefficient of correlation. The study was noticed that utilization of digital communication technologies by the farmers. This part
depicts the extent of use of DCT tools, Duration of use of DCT tools and extent of purpose for use of DCT tools. The extent of use of Digital
and Communication Technologies (DCT) tools by the farmers i.e. 60.00 per cent were using DCT tools medium extent, followed by low
extent 20.74 per cent and rest high extent 19.26 per cent. The DCT tools used by farmers for 1 to 2 hours duration were, Smart phone 83.70
per cent, Agriculture mobile app 71.85 per cent, Television 38.51 per cent, Whatsapp and You tube 32.59 per cent, Instagram 25.92 per cent,
Twitter 4.44 per cent, Computer and e-mail 2.96 per cent, Wikipedia, e-learning and Laptop 0.74 per cent. The purpose of ‘plant protection
measurements’ by the farmers according to priority the DCT tools highly used was Television 100.00 per cent, Whatsapp 99.25 per cent,
Agriculture mobile app and smart phone 97.03 per cent, You tube 96.29 per cent, Facebook 88.88 per cent, Wikipedia 78.51 per cent, Web
portal 60.74 per cent, Instagram 54.07 per cent, e-learning 36.29 per cent, mobile SMS service 31.11 per cent, etc.
Key word: DCT tools, utilization, extent of use, duration of use, profile of farmers
GNRSA-2020/324
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AMONG INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.
CZERN & COSS) GENOTYPES UNDER NON-IRRIGATED AND IRRIGATED CONDITION
KHUSHBOO CHANDRA, ANIL PANDEY AND SB MISHRA

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar – 848125
Increasing pace towards water crisis results in demand of screening of drought tolerant genotypes which were suitable for both non-irrigated
as well as in irrigated condition. Keeping consideration over this experiment was designed to study genetic variability and heritability under
non- irrigated and irrigated condition on some physiological and quality traits an experiment on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern &
Coss), was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RBCD) accommodating 20 genotypes, from various Rapeseed & Mustard
centres located across country, randomly in three replications during Rabi 2016-17, one subjected to a drought regime inside the Rainout
shelter under non- irrigated condition which was also devoid of rainfall and another one provided with normal irrigated field condition in Dr.
Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur. Analysis of variance for the studied traits revealed considerably
exploitable variability. Out of 20 genotypes under both non-irrigated as well as irrigated condition, Rajendra Suphalam showed tolerance
towards water stressed condition and perform well in terms of productivity in irrigated situation for traits namely Tap Root Length, Root
Volume, Root Mass, Relative Water Content, Leaf Membrane Stability Index, Excised Leaf Water Loss, Chlorophyll Content, Catalase
Activity, Peroxidase Activity, Proline Accumulation, Relative Growth Rate, Leaf Area Index, Specific Leaf Weight, Drought Tolerance
Index, Stress Intensity, Oil Yield, Grain Yield/Plot. Under Non-Irrigated condition high heritability coupled with high Genetic Advance as a
percent of mean for traits namely, Root Length, Relative Growth Rate, Leaf Area Index, Leaf Membrane Stability Index, Relative Water
Content, Excised Leaf Water Loss; Root Mass only in irrigated and Root Volume, Specific Leaf Weight, Catalase Activity under both
conditions which were indicative of preponderance of additive gene action for expression of these traits, hence are acquiescent for simple
selection.
Keywords: Brassica juncea L., drought tolerance index, stress intensity, leaf area, deficit irrigation
GNRSA-2020/325
PHYTOREMEDIATION: A GREEN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY TO DECONTAMINATE METAL POLLUTED SITES
*
KIRAN BHARTI1, NAVEEN KUMAR2, NEHA PANDEY3, NARENDRA KUMAR4, NEELAM DHIWAN5
1
Deptt. of Botany, K.L. D.A.V PG College, Roorkee,Uttarakhand, India, 2Deptt. of Chemistry, K.L. D.A.V PG College, Roorkee,
Uttarakhand, India, 3Department of Entomology, University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar,Uttarakhand, India, 1Deptt. of Botany, Harsh
Vidya Mandir PG College, Raisi, Haridwar ,Uttarakhand, India, Department of Plant Physiology, CBSH, G. B. P UAT, Pantnagar, U.S.
Nagar. 263145, Uttarakhand, India
Soil is a very important component of our ecosystem. It plays a very important role in maintaining ecological balance by providing food and
shelter to a plethora of living species either directly or indirectly. Unfortunately the rising anthropogenic activities has begin to disrupt its
own integrity. Industrialization at large scale, dumping of oil and fuel, over use of agrochemicals like pesticides and fertilizers, civic
disorganisation, are among human activities which apart from other harmful substances have contaminated the soils with excess of metals.
Such polluted sites remain unfit for agriculture making the land barren. These sites are required to be treated before utilization or any kind of
cultivation. Though the conventional strategies have been successful in decontaminating soil up to an extent but simultaneously they may
disrupt soil integrity and are expensive as well. Recently, phytoremediation has emerged as a strategy that is biological in nature and hence
expected to conserve the soil’s integrity. It is based on the fact that there are many plants which are known to sequester or stabilize certain
metal elements in their tissues. It is a least expensive remedy that can be brought about mainly by four different methods phytoextraction,
phytostabilization, rhizofiltration, phytovolatilization. The present chapter focuses on the problem of metal contamination in soil and
phytoremediation as a strategy to overcome it so as to aid in maintaining ecological integrity and sustainable agriculture.
GNRSA-2020/326
ROLE OF BIOFERTILIZERS IN CROP PRODUCTION
KISHAN KUMAR
Department of Agronomy, CSAUA&T, Kanpur-208002 (U.P.)
Biofertilizer is wide term which includes a diverse category of bio inoculants such as nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers, phosphate
mobilizers and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Bio-fertilizers also known as microbial inoculants have great potential as
supplementary, renewable and environmental friendly source of plant nutrients. Bio-fertilizer contains microorganisms which promote the
adequate supply of nutrients to the host plants and ensure their proper development of growth and regulation in their physiology. Scientists
have developed Biofertilizers to prevent pollution and to make this world healthy for everybody in a natural way. Bio-fertilizer being
essential components of Organic farming play vital role in maintaining long term soil fertility and sustainability. Azotobacter and
Azospirillum genera are free-living bacteria and fix atmospheric nitrogen in cereal crops without any symbiosis. They fix 20-40 kg ha-
1
nitrogen per year and increase the crop yield 15 to 30%. Azotobacter spp. also has ability to produce antifungal compounds against many
plant pathogens. Thus, bio fertilizers containing beneficial organisms are cost effective, pollution free and a perennially renewable source of
plant nutrients, making them ideal partners and essential supplements to chemical fertilizers.
GNRSA-2020/327
BIOACOUSTIC DETECTION OF INSECTS IN STORED FOOD LEGUMES
KM. SHEETAL BANGA1, NACHIKET KOTWALIWALE2, SUNIL KUMAR3

1
Janta Vedic College, Baraut, UP, 2ICAR-CIPHET, Ludhiana, PB, 3CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana
Monitoring of stored food legumes is necessary for applying timely curative actions for insect control. Detection of insect infestation through
acoustic sensors provides a non-destructive, remote, automated detection and monitoring of hidden insect infestation by amplifying and
filtering their feeding and crawling sound. Bioacoustic is a cross-disciplinary science which deals with biology and acoustics. Chickpea
(Cicer arietinum) and green gram (Vigna radiata) are the major food legumes of India and insect infestation in these food legumes occurs
within a few days of storage by Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus. Amplitudes of C. chinensis and C. maculatus were
found significantly different for both the food legumes. Amplitudes of C. chinensis were 79.32 dB and 84.01 dB for 59 ms duration in
chickpea and green gram, respectively, whereas, the amplitudes of C. maculatus were 97.65 dB and 95.53 dB for 68 ms in chickpea and
green gram, respectively. Formants were found as principal components for the detection of insects. Formants of insect sound spectra found
an explicit role in the discrimination of insect and background noise in the detection of insects infestation. Artificial neural network modeling
of insect sound formants at five insect density levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20) was carried in insulation as well as without insulation condition.
The results bolstered the hypothesis that bioacoustic detection technique with ANN could provide a reliable and accurate insect monitoring
technique. Prediction of bruchids density by adopting ANN technique might be helpful to reduce the fumigation treatments and also reduce
the post-harvest losses. The findings of this research work revealed that bioacoustic detection method provided rapid and non-destructive
detection of infestation in bulk stored food legumes. The technique may further be adopted to assess the growth of insect population in bulk
storage of selected legumes as a decision support system in grain storage facilities.
GNRSA-2020/328
SCREENING OF LENTIL GERMPLASM AGAINST STEMPHYLIUM BLIGHT
KODIDHALA VAISHNAVI1*, MANNE HEMANTH KUMAR2

*1Department of plant pathology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, 2Department of Biochemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh
Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Lentil, (Lens culinaris) is a legume crop has been grown mainly as an inexpensive source of quality protein in human diets and easily
digestible with high biological value and nutritive value. In India Madhya Pradesh ranks first in acreage i.e., 39.89% followed by UP 31.99%
and Bihar 10.03% and in terms of production UP ranks first at 45.09% followed by Madhya Pradesh (29.69%) and Bihar (9.47%). Among
the various diseases of lentil, Stemphylium blight is one of the major constraints faced by the farmers of West Bengal in general and northern
parts of West Bengal in particular as the part of the state is under humid tropic region of the India. Blight is caused by Stemphylium
botryosum on lentil that can result in large scale defoliation of plants. Based on the different phenological, morphological, physiological and
bio-chemical analysis, a few resistant and susceptible genotypes of stemphylium blight are identified from all the genotypes provided by
ICARDA.
Keywords: Lentil, Stemphylium Blight, Biochemical Analysis, Phenological.
GNRSA-2020/329
SCOPE AND IMPORTANT OF PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS IN INDIA
KONGA UPENDAR1, SRINIVASVINOD2AND BHUKYA JITHENDER3

123
Ph.D. Research Scholar, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
Looking to the rising population, climate variation, shrinking landholdings, increasing pressure on natural resources, i.e. water, soil and huge
demand of quality horticultural fresh produce, we are obliged to shift towards modern innovations of crop production like protected
cultivation. Protected cultivation is needed to be inducted as part of agriculture to convert a small share of present 9.2 million ha area under
vegetable cultivation for increasing the national GDP, productivity and quality of the agriculture produce. The area under protected
cultivation of horticultural crops presently is around 40,000 ha and out of which large area mostly in northern parts of India is not
successfully being utilized for protected cultivation. Protected cultivation undoubtedly helps in the creation of enormous self-employment for
unemployed educated youths, besides, to raise the national economy by the sale of high-quality products in domestic and international
markets. Production of vegetable/fruits and cut flower crops under protected conditions provide high nutrient, and water use efficiency
besides it causes quickly boost the productivity by three to five folds over open field cultivation of these crops under diverse agro-climatic
conditions of the country.
Keywords: Natural resources, protected cultivation, self-employment, high quality produce, vegetables and cut flowers, urban and semi-
urban areas.
GNRSA-2020/330
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES ORGANIC MANURE APPLICATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QAULITY OF GARDEN
PEA
KRISHN KANT TIWARI, HARSHITA TIWARI, PRACHI MISHRA, AJAY CHANDRAWANSHI AND KRISHNA KANT
CHOURASIYA
Department of Agriculture Science & Technology, AKS University, Sherganj, Panna Road, Satna (M.P.) India
A study on the effect of different types of organic manure on the growth and yield of pea under Jatropha curcas based agroforestry system
was conducted at Poly House and Research Centre, Department of Agriculture Science & Technology, AKS University, Satna (M.P.) to
access the potential of these different organic manure in replacing the chemical fertilizer for pea production under protection structure. The
study area size was carried out in 4m2 with 28 sub-plots for each treatment. The total number of nine treatment and three replication were
applied i.e. FYM@ 9.172 t/ha, Neem Cake @9.69 q/ha, Poultry manure @2.666 t/ha, Vermicompost @ 5.626 t/ha, Poultry Manure 51%+
Neem cake 55%, FYM 49% + Poultry manure 48%, FYM 50%+ Neem cake 47%, FYM 45% + Vermicompost 59% and control respectively
by applying the Randomized Block Design (RBD) in the present study of the one year crop data trail, it was found out that the organic
manure FYM had marked the influence on the growth parameter like plant height, number of branch, number of pods per plant, number of
peas per pod, root length, and pod yield. The plant under FYM found out to be the most effective for the marketable yield of pea than the
other treatment. The FYM treatment gives the highest marketable yield of 52.50 q /ha. So the treatment FYM emerged the best for the growth
and yield attribute of pea as well as for jatropha based to suite the environmental condition of Allahabad region.
Keywords: organic manure, jatropha, pea, growth and yield.
GNRSA-2020/331
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF BROCCOLI
(BRASSICA OLERACEA L.VAR. ITALICA) CV. PUSA KTS-1
KRISHAN CHOUDHARY, PAVITRA DEV, JITENDRA KUMAR AND KRISHNA MURARI AGNIHOTRI
Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004 (U.P.)
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is an important cole crops vegetable, belong to family cruciferae. In Hindi, broccoli is known as
‘Harigobhi’. Unfortunately broccoli is not popular vegetable in India particularly in villages but now days, it become more popular in metro
cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata etc. Broccoli is highly nutritious in comparison to cauliflower because it has 4, 2.5 and 2 times more
riboflavin, calcium and vitamin C content as compared to cauliflower respectively. A field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 to
examine the impact of integrated nutrient management on growth parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) cv. Pusa KTS-1.
The experiment comprised of twelve treatments consisting of different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The experimental
field was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. All variable parameters regarding yield behaviour were
significantly influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. Results indicated that combined application of 80% NPK + 2 t/ha
vermicompost gave the significant effect on vegetative growth attributing parameters viz., plant height (31.61 cm), number of leaves per plant
(16.00), leaf length (48.00 cm), leaf width (21.66 cm), stalk diameter (4.46 cm), fresh weight (337.87 gm) and dry weight (106.76 gm) and
yield attributing parameters viz., head diameter (21.33 cm), number of spear per plant (13.00), head weight (332.33 gm) and yield (162.84
q/ha) as compared to other treatments.
GNRSA-2020/332
SCREENING OF ALOE VERA GERMPLASMS IN NATURAL FIELD CONDITION AGAINST BASE ROT DISEASED CAUSED
BY FUSARIUM SP.
KRISHNA KUMAR *, S. K. PANDE, POPIN KUMAR†, AJAY KUMAR†† AND MANISH KUMAR MAURYA
* Department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224229 (U.P.)
India, † Department of Plant Pathology, S.V.P.U.A. & T. Modipuram Meerut-250110 (U.P.) India, †† Assistant Professor, Plant Pathology,
Amar Singh P. G. College (CCS University Meerut), Lakhaoti, Bulandshahar- 203407 (U.P.) India
Aloe barbadensis (L.) Burn. Fil. popularly known as Aloe vera, is a perennial, drought resistance, succulent medicinal herb belongs to the
family Liliaceae. There are over 300 species of Aloe, among them Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera or "true Aloe") plant which has been of
most use to mankind because of the medicinal properties it displays. The plant stands 30-36 inches high, and a mature leaf is 2.5-3 inches
wide at the base, weighing 1.5 to 2 kg. The ancient records of the Egyptians, Arab, African, Asians and Americans have discussed the
different uses and pathological cases in which Aloes was administered (Singh et al., 2012). Twenty six germplasms of Aloe vera were
screened for their reaction to Fusarium sp. by field conditions. It is evident from the result presented in table 2 that during 2018-19 and 2019-
20, out of 26 germplasms in 2018-19 of Aloe vera screened, none of germplasms was found immune, highly resistant, resistant and
moderately resistant, seven germplasms viz., IC-310611, IC-310596, IC-310618, IC-471886, IC-112527, IC-285626 and IC-112512 were
observed as found susceptible, nineteen germplasms viz., IC-285629, IC-310904, IC-310609, IC-283610, IC-112532, IC-112519, IC-310517,
IC-112569, IC-112513, IC-112531, IC-310617, IC-112521, IC-283945, IC-283655, IC-283943, IC-111279, IC-471882, IC-112518 and IC-
111280 highly susceptible. The seven germplasms were observed as found susceptible and nineteen germplasms, were observed as found
highly susceptible and next year twenty six germplasms, ten germplasms were observed as found susceptible and sixteen germplasms, were
observed as found highly susceptible.
Key words: Aloe vera, germplasms, base rot, immune, susceptible
GNRSA-2020/333
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURES ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF RADISH (RAPHANUS
SATIVUS L.) CV. JAPANESE WHITE
KRISHNA MURARI AGNIHOTRI, PAVITRA DEV AND KRISHNA CHOUDHARY

Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, (250004)
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of the most popular root crops. Central/Western China is considered as the origin centre of Radish.
Continuous dependence on chemical fertilizer is causing a nutritional imbalance in the soil and it may lead to instability in productivity,
besides depleting the quality of vegetables. So, to maintain sustainability in production and quality, use of organic manures is very important.
A field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Campus,
Meerut, (U.P.). The treatments involved in the study were eleven in numbers i.e. T1 (Control), T2 (100% Farm yard manure 24 t/ha), T3
(100% Vermicompost 6 t/ha), T4 (100% Poultry manure 4 t/ha), T5 (100% Neem cake 2.5 t/ha) T6 (50% Farm yard manure + 50%
Vermicompost), T7 (50% Farm yard manure + 50% Poultry manure), T 8 (50% Farm yard manure + 50% Neem cake),T 9 (50% Vermicompost
+ 50% Poultry manure), T10 (50% Vermicompost + 50% Neem cake) and T 11 (50% Poultry manure + 50% Neem cake). All variables
parameters regarding growth and yield attributes were significantly influenced by different organic manures. Results revealed that among all
the treatments, the soil application of 50% farm yard manure + 50% vermicompost gave the better effect on vegetative and yield parameters
viz. plant height (35.55 cm), number of leaves per plant (27.16), leaf width (11.33 cm), weight of leaves (114.66 g), root length (24.01 cm),
root diameter (5.76 cm), root weight (233.68 g), and yield (343.77 q/ha) as compared to other treatments.
GNRSA-2020/334
MICRO-IRRIGATION: A KEY FACTOR IN DOUBLING FARMERS’ INCOME
KSHITIJ PARMAR AND VINEETA PANDEY

GLA University Mathura, U.P. Email: kparmar2010@gmail.com
The decreasing availability of water to agriculture sector has become a serious limitation in many areas. The share of water for agriculture is
expected to reduce further with the increasing demand from other sectors. This necessitates efficient use of water and nutrients to enhance
crop productivity. To counter the deficit without missing the production targets, adoption of micro-irrigation system in India is being
considered as a potential alternative. Micro-irrigation can increase yields and decrease water, fertilizer and labour requirements. By applying
water directly to the root zone, the practice reduces loss of water through conveyance, run-off, deep percolation and evaporation. These losses
are unavoidable in traditional irrigation practices; micro-irrigation, through its water-saving approach, has paved the way for higher water use
efficiency of around 75-95 per cent. Another resource saving practice possible through micro-irrigation is fertigation, which comprises
combining water and fertiliser application through irrigation. Fertigation results in balanced nutrient application, reduced fertiliser
requirement of around 7 to 42 per cent, higher nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency. It is quite apparent that in the present scenario,
vertical expansion of agricultural lands is not possible. Therefore, in order to increase the yield and productivity, we have to focus on
degraded and waste lands. Micro-irrigation provides this opportunity. It also helped use saline water for irrigation without causing salinity or
osmotic stress to plants. It is quite evident that importance of micro-irrigation to achieve sustainability in Indian agriculture cannot be
neglected. But it’s a long way ahead and requires extensive demonstrations, training and awareness programmes to bring Indian farming
community abreast with micro-irrigation practices.
Key Words: Micro-irrigation, nutrients, water use efficiency.
GNRSA-2020/335
POLLUTION RETURNS: POST COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PHASE WISE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF AIR
POLLUTANTSINDELHI NCR
*KULDEEP RAJPOOT, SAURAV SINGLA, ABHISHEK SINGH, SHASHI SHEKHAR AND SHEELENDRA KUMAR
UPADHYAY
Department of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005(India)
China originated COVID-19pandemichasspread over the world from the starting of year 2020 and to control the spread of virus many
epidemiologists have suggested countrywide lockdown. Indian government taking an early initiative, on 23rd March 2020, implemented the
nationwide lockdown which extended till 30 th June,2020. WHO declares it a Pandemic and it is considered the greatest challenge in global
health that humanity has ever faced. On the other hand due to imposed COVID-19 lockdown all economical, industrial & vehicle moment
activity are restricted which has greatly impacted the global environment to improve its health in India and all over the world. Many studies
are done by researcher, showing significant decrease in air pollution in all over India at Lockdown phase but authors unable to find any
studies, examining effect different unlocks phases on pollution. In this study, daily data of ten criteria pollutants PM 10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, NOx,
NO, NH3, ozone, benzene and SO2 from March 1st January 2019 to 1st November 2020 ofDelhi NCR was collected from six Major stations
(Bawana, Dwarka-Sector 8, IGI Airport (T3), ITO,Patparganj, Punjabi Bagh) from CPCB online portal. Researcher divided all study period
in seven phases viz. normal, lockdown & unlock 1to 5, for analysis of significant variation of pollutants in different phases and year,
statistical technique Repeated ANOVA wasused for all pollutantstaking year, phases & it’s interaction as treatment where phases & years
both as well as it’s interaction are found significant for all pollutant except NO where interaction are non-significant. After comparing mean
pollutant data from previous year for each phases, it is noted that there are significant on an avg. 38.50% reduction for lockdown phase
which going to near to equilibrium till unlock 4 but some mysterious found in unlock 5 period there sudden increase in all pollutantsavg.
32.22 % except ozone. This will indicate pollution coming back in more destructive form after removing all restriction of lockdown, so
government need to take some steps towards to control it. Graphical tool like box plot as well as satellite images of Indian atmosphere for
each pollutants were also used to visualize changein Air quality in compare to previous year for different phases.
Keywords: COVID-19, Lockdown, Air pollution, Air pollutant emissions, Repeated ANOVA
GNRSA-2020/336
EFFECT OF POST-HARVEST TREATMENTS ON QUALITY ATTRIBUTES LIKE TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS, TOTAL
SUGAR AND REDUCING SUGAR OF LANGRA MANGOES (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) DURING STORAGE
KUMARI PUNAM1, SUBHASH CHANDRA2, S. K. S. RAJPOOT3, MANISH MAURYA4, RAJAN KUMAR5 AND UJJAL KUMAR
GHOSH6
1&6
Department of Botany, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, Bihar- 841301, 2,4 Department of Plant Pathology, AcharyaNarendra Deva
University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229 UP, 5Food Corporation of India, Regional office, Vijayawada,
Andhra Pradesh, 3Department of Entomology, AcharyaNarendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-
224229 UP.
The effect of calcium salts (calcium nitrate and calcium chloride) and Gibberellic acid (GA 3) on quality attributes and consumer’s
acceptability of Langra mangoes during storage was examined. The freshly harvestedLangra mango fruits were treated with Ca(NO 3)2 at the
concentration of 1, 2 and 3 per cent, CaCl 2 at the concentration of 1, 2 and 3 per cent and GA 3 at the concentration of 50, 100 and 150 ppm.
Water treated fruits were taken as control. Data were recorded in respect of Total Soluble Solids (TSS), reducing sugars and total sugars
under influence of these treatments. All treatments with all their concentrations were found effective in maintaining the higher level of these
quality attributes of fruits during entire course of the investigation. On basis of mean valuesCa(NO 3)2 at 2% was proved as the best treatment
in maintaining the quality parameters upto satisfactory level during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the mean values of TSS,
reducing sugars and total sugarswere18.02%, 6.67 % and 14.85% respectively.
Keywords: Mango, Langra, Calcium nitrate, Calcium chloride, GA3, TSS, Reducing sugar, Total sugar.
GNRSA-2020/337
DRYING OF FOOD MATERIALS BY FOAM MAT DRYING: A REVIEW
KUSUM MEGHWAL1 , ANKITA SHARMA2 AND SURBHI SUMAN3

PhD Scholar, College of Technology and Engineering, MaharanaPratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India ,
PhD Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwaVidyalaya University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, Assistant Professor, Career Point
University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
Foam-mat drying process is an alternative method that allows the removal of water from liquid materials and pureed materials. Foam mat
drying is an economical alternative to spray, drum and freeze-drying for the production of food powders. The liquid is whipped to form stable
foam, and dehydrated by thermal means. The larger surface area of the foam accelerated the drying process for the rapid moisture removal
from the high moisture feed. A high-quality food powder can be obtained by the proper selection of foaming method, foaming agents, foam
stabilizers, time taken for foaming, suitable drying method and temperature. In this article, the basics of foam and its structure, methods of
foaming, types of foaming method and stabilizing agents for the production of stable foam have been analyzed. The influence of foaming
agents and foaming properties on the drying characteristics of fruit juices are also studied. This article reviewed the application of foam
drying process for different food materials, the microstructure and the quality of powders obtained by using different foaming agents. The
foam-mat drying process is suitable for heat sensitive, viscous, and sticky products that cannot be dried using other forms of drying methods
such as spray drying because of the state of product. More interest has developed for foam-mat drying because of the simplicity, cost
effectiveness, high speed drying, and improved product quality it provides.
GNRSA-2020/338
FEASIBILITY OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK ENHANCED BY GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR ESTIMATING DAILY
SOIL TEMPERATURE AT MULTI-DEPTHS
KUSUM PANDEY1, *, ANURAG MALIK2, KARAMJIT SINGH SEKHON2, AND RAJ KUMAR PAL2
1
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India, 2Punjab Agricultural
University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
Soil temperatureis avital variableof soil and it plays a significant role in understandingthe soil physical and chemical activities. The present
study explores the feasibility of a hybrid Artificial Neural Network optimized by Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA) to estimate the daily soil
temperature at multi-depths (i.e., 5 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm) on Bathinda station located in the south-western region of Punjab State, India. Daily
climatic parameters of relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and mean air temperature were used as input parameters for the ANN-
GA model. The optimal set of input combinations was extracted by employing the Gamma test. The ANN-GA model accuracy was evaluated
using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Scatter Index (SI), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Coefficient of
Correlation (COC), and Willmott Index (WI) between the observed and estimated soil temperature values. The results of the investigation
reveals that the ANN-GA model yields the values of MAE = 1.601, 1.006, 0.953oC, RMSE = 1.915, 1.276, 1.224oC, SI = 0.071, 0.049, 0.047,
NSE = 0.957, 0.980, 0.980, COC = 0.980, 0.990, 0.990, and WI = 0.989, 0.995, 0.995in testing period at 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm depths,
respectively. Overall, it may be convincingly stated that the GA-ANN can be used as a robust and reliable model for the estimation of the soil
temperature at multi-depths in the study region.
Keywords: Soil temperature, Hybrid ANN-GA, Gamma test, Bathinda
GNRSA-2020/339
IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE PLANTING WINDOW AND CULTIVAR USING CROPGRO–TOMATO MODEL UNDER
SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT
L. SHRAVIKA, G. SREENIVAS, A. MADHAVI AND A. MANOHAR RAO
Experiment on “Identification of suitable planting window and cultivar using CROPGRO–Tomato model under Semi-Arid environment” was
conducted during Kharif 2019 at ARI, Hyderabad to find out suitable planting date, cultivar and critical weather parameters for higher
productivity of tomato and to evaluate the CROPGRO–Tomato model. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with eight dates of
planting (D1: 02 Jul, D2: 12 Jul, D3: 22 Jul, D4: 02 Aug, D5: 11 Aug, D6: 23 Aug, D7: 03 Sep and D8: 13 Sep) as main treatments and two
cultivars (V1: US440 and V2: TO-3251) as sub treatments replicated thrice. With respect to dates of planting, D1 (02 Jul) recorded
significantly higher growth and yield parameters and was superior over rest of the dates of planting. Cultivars US 440 and TO-3251 did not
differ significantly regarding growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of tomato. Fruit yield of tomato showed significant positive
correlation with maximum temperature (0.65**), mean temperature (0.49*) from transplanting to first flower, afternoon RH (0.51*) from first
flower to fruit initiation and minimum temperature (0.76**), mean temperature (0.56*), VPD (0.87**) from fruit initiation to first picking and
morning RH (0.71*), rainfall (0.50*) from first picking to last picking stage. Calibration of CROPGRO-Tomato model for phenology, dry
matter production, fruit yield and N uptake was confirmed that model performed well with less RMSE values and high d-stat values for both
cultivars. During validation model performance was excellent with phenology, fair with biomass. Whereas it was poor with fruit yield and N
uptake for both cultivars due to overestimation. Based on the experimental results it was concluded that optimum planting window during
Kharif season for tomato was found to be either 02 Jul to 12 Jul or 13 Sep to achieve higher fruit yield.
GNRSA-2020/340
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WATERMELON
L. T. MESHRAM, DR. A. M. SONKAMBLE,S. R. PATIL, AND DAHAKE L. Z.

Department of Vegetable Science, Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krushi Vidyapith, Akola
A field experiment entitled, "Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of watermelon" was conducted at instructional farm
Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during summer season of 2019- 2020. The experiment
was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The experiment included eight treatments; namely GA 3 (20 ppm),
NAA (100 ppm), TIBA (20 ppm), Ethephon (100 ppm), AgNO 3 (300 ppm), MH (100 ppm), CCC (500 ppm) and control (water spray). Two
sprays of plant growth regulators were done at 2 nd and 4th true leaf stages. The results of experiment revealed that growth characters such as
length of main stem (291.10 cm), number of leaves per plant (406.47), number of branches (9.73 plant-1) and inter nodal distance (6.11 cm)
were maximum with GA3 20 ppm, while found minimum in control (269.97 cm, 379.43 plant-1 and 8.43 plant-1, respectively). As regards to
yield contributing characters, chlorophyll index (64.39 Spad unit), highest sex ratio (Female: Male)(1: 9.03), minimum days to first female
flower appearance (33.53), minimum node at which first female flower appeared (8.60), maximum number of fruit (3.06), average weight of
fruit (3.29 kg), fruit yield kg per plant (10.07 kg), fruit yield kg per plot (100.68 kg), yield per hectare (503.38 q ha -1).
GNRSA-2020/341
A REVIEW ON OYSTER MUSHROOM [PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS] CULTIVATION
LADLI RAHMAN1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, 2Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely
Professional University, Punjab
Oyster mushroom is basically an edible mushroom. Oyster mushroom name originated from Latin [Pleurotus- sideways, oyster- shape of the
cap] which is namely refers to the shape of the fruiting body and the sideway growth of the stem with respect of the cap. Edible Mushroom
belongs to the wide range of Divison; Basidomycota and Kingdom; Fungi. Oyster Mushroom is commonly known as “Dhingri” in India. It
may also grow on rot and organic matter. At present time it is commercially cultivated all over the world but firstly cultivated at Germany
during World War. Even now a day it is used as industrially for myco remediation purpose. Oyster mushroom is commonly sought wild
mushroom; it is ligno cellulose fungus growing in nature on living or dead and recognized as peculiar morphology with encentric short stem
or stipe. Cultivation technology of oyster mushroom is very simple and cheap; theoretically each crop takes 45 days under controlled
conditions and hence there can be 8 crops per year. It is the 3 rd largest cultivated mushroom in the World; China alone contributes 88% of the
total world population. Oyster mushroom can grow at moderate temperature ranging from 20 to 30 0 C and humidity 55-70% for a period of 6
to 8 months in a year. It can also be cultivated in summer months by providing the extra humidity required for its growth. Oyster mushroom
is economically profitable crop with high demand and supply pattern and exports. Its management is simple and easy to maintain on a closed
low ventilation room. Oyster Mushroom can be used in Women Empowerment; the small village’s women can make money by cultivating
oyster mushroom at their home. Major problem we suffer in oyster mushroom is the nutrient requirement and the Common fungal and
bacterial disease are Moulds, Green moulds, Ink caps, Brown spot , Yellow blotch, Bacterial rot.
Keywords: fruiting body, decaying, myco remediation, lingo cellulose, peculiar, encentric, Dhingri etc.
GNRSA-2020/342
HEAT UNIT REQUIREMENTS ON WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES AT
PRAYAGRAJ REGION
LAKSHMI PRASANNA AGGILE, SHRADDHA RAWAT AND SHWETA GAUTAM

Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and
Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
An experiment was conducted at SHUATS, Prayagraj during 2018-2019 & 2019-2020 on wheat (PBW-502) crop with different irrigation
treatments (I1 = CRI, I2 = CRI + tillering, I3 = CRI + tillering +jointing, I4 = CRI+ tillering + jointing + anthesis and I5= CRI+ tillering +
jointing + anthesis + maturity) for three date of sowing (15 November, 1 December & 15 December) with factorial RBD design. Results was
found that the wheat crop sown in Prayagraj conditions acquired more number of days to reach physiological maturity and utilize heat more
efficiently resulting in more grain yield for early date of sowing. Late date of sowing acquired less growing degree days. The number of days
required to attain different phenological stages decreased with late sowing condition. Sufficient heat use efficiency received for early date of
sowing. Irrigation levels had a significant difference for days required from sowing to maturity of various growth stages of crop as well as
heat unit requirements. It is concluded that timely sown crop (15 Nov) revealed best growth and yield as the favourable environmental
conditions coincided with heat unit requirement of different phenophases of wheat in the Prayagraj region.
Keywords: Growing degree days, Heat use efficiency, Pheno-thermal index and Wheat.
GNRSA-2020/343
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PATTERN OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN DISTRICTS OF WESTERN
UTTAR PRADESH
LAL B.1*, MAURYA K.K.2* , KUMAR M.1 , SINGH P.K.3*

1Department of Agricultural Statistics, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 224-229, Uttar
Pradesh, India,2CSSS PG College Machhra, Meerut Uttar Pradesh India,250-106 ,3Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic
Engineering, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology , Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 224-229,India
The present paper attempts to study the trend and growth rates of Sugarcane production in Western Uttar Pradesh. The time series data on
area, production and productivity of Sugarcane pertaining to the period 2000-01to 2015-16 were used for the study. Area seems to very close
to ground reality and pro-vides useful information for further planning and corrective measures for future development of Western Uttar
Pradesh’s Districts. The area, production and productivity of sugarcane crop has been estimated in 22 districts of western Uttar Pradesh. The
area has increased by about 15.8 per cent in 2015-16 since 2000-01 in western Uttar Pradesh. The districts Pilibhit was showed the higher
percentage increasing the production and area about 50.17 percent and 34.35 percent respectively followed by the districts Bagpat and
Shahjahpur and decreasing the sugarcane production and area in Etah districts about 97.48 percent and 98.08 percent respectively in Western
Uttar Pradesh. The growth rate of productivity has been increasing about 31.55 percent observed in Etha district followed by Muradabad and
Shahjahpur and decreasing the productivity of sugarcane about 13.66 percent has been observed in Mainpuri district. This means increase in
area has been major factor for high production of sugarcane in the State. The productivity has been found more stable than area and
production during the entire period of study. According to method of moving average the growth rate of area and production increase in
Bijnor district and productivity increases in Shamali district in western Uttar Pradesh.
Key words : Sugarcane, Growth, Tabular analysis, Linear Growth Rate (LGR), Compound Growth
GNRSA-2020/344
IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN IMPROVEMENT OF VEGETABLE CROPS
LALHMINGSANGA1*, B.VANLALNEIHI2
1, 2
Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Thenzawl, Mizoram
Biotechnology can be employed to improve the quality of vegetable crops and also to increase resistance to pathogens and insect pests
besides increasing tolerance to abiotic stresses viz., drought, flood or extreme temperature. Nevertheless, at the present time, many vegetable
crops are the targets of rapid biotechnological developments. Biotechnological breakthrough like invitro fusion and regeneration of plant cells
and marker assisted selection (MAS) of monogenic traits as well as the tracing of quantitative trait loci (QTL) by use of molecular genomic
markers have gained increase importance for plant breeding. Because of recent advances in methodology, genetic manipulations of the
molecular biology of many organisms are rapidly becoming possible. As a result, naturally occurring organisms can be endowed with
additional genetic information from other sexually incompatible organisms. Thus, construction of novel organisms which do not exist in
nature with new metabolic capability is now trending for improvement of vegetable crops.
GNRSA-2020/345
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY
LALIT KUMAR VERMA1*, SHASHANK TOMER2, NITIN KUMAR NAG1

1
Deptt of Ag. Economics, Deptt. of Horticulture, J.V. College Baraut, Baghpat, -250611
Agriculture remains a central pillar of the Indian economy. The sector not only serves the food consumption needs of the whole country but
also tops the exporters of agricultural produce in the world. Undoubtedly COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a massive blow to India‘s economy
and has caused enormous hardships to working people of the country. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new risks that threaten
livelihoods as well as food security. The COVID-19 crisis is not permanent but it has highlighted the potential public health crisis awaiting
rural India and farming communities. Preliminary reports showed that the non-availability of migrant labor is interrupting some harvesting
activities, particularly in northwest India. Lacking ordinary pay rates or salaries, this horticulture and other casual laborers would be hardest-
hit during the lockdown time frame. The growers felt a dip in their returns. Mostly due to lockdown the restrictions on the movement of
agriculture commodities from its place of production to the ultimate consumer has been hampered. Despite the fact that not straightforwardly,
however by implication the outcome of crown infection spreading impact has ended up being a dark opening for the cultivating network.
Generally because of lockdown the limitations on the development of agribusiness wares from its place of creation to a definitive shopper
have been hampered. Another issue lies with the deficiency of work power because of the dread of viral transmission which eventually
prompts the wastage of reaped items, for the most part foods grown from the ground which are transitory in nature, in the rancher's field
itself. The Corona infection pandemic has put a potential effect on the agribusiness item store network which is a mind boggling web of
maker, transporter, distributer, retailer lastly the customer. The sector has faced a number of enactments and amendments in the policies and
programmers between the first Industrial Policy and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act for better performance. It has
acquired a highly regarded rest in the socioeconomic giving of India even after a variety of shortcomings in the strategy proposal, poor
infrastructure, inadequate training, incomplete credit facility, higher sickness rate..
Keywords: COVID-19, Lockdown, Pandemic, livelihood, security
GNRSA-2020/346
PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT VEGETABLE INTERCROPS IN POPLAR BASED AGROFORESTRY IN THE SUB-
TROPICS OF JAMMU
LALIT UPADHYAY, S. K. GUPTA, SANDEEP SEHGAL, S. SURESH RAMANAN*, LOBZANGSTANZEN** AND ARVINDER
KUMAR**
Division of Agroforestry (SKUAST Jammu) CAFRI, Jhansi, KVK Reasi (SKUAST Jammu)
Agroforestry is a land use system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops. It is the interaction of agriculture and trees on
farms and in agricultural landscapes, farming in forests and along forest margins and tree-crop production. Vegetable cultivation is a cash
making opportunity which can be taken under the canopy of already growing trees or plantation. A study titled ‘Performance of different
intercrops in Poplar based agroforestry in the sub-tropics of Jammu and Kashmir’ was conducted at SKUAST Jammu, during the years 2017
to 2019, to explore the possibilities of growing different vegetable crops as intercrops namelytomato (LycopersiconesculentumL.), brinjal
(SolanummelongenaL.), okra (Abelmoschusesculentus M.), spinach (Beta vulgarisvar. bengalensisL.) in kharif and cabbage (Brassica
oleracea var. capitata L.) and potato (SolanumtuberosumL.) in rabi under the canopy of Poplar trees planted at a spacing of 5x4 m. The
effect of light intensity and integrated nutrient application on growth, physiology and yield of intercrops was studied to work out the optimum
tree-crop combination with respect to growth, yield and economics. The results of the study revealed that the poplar had a very dense canopy
due to which about 50 percent light intensity was able to reach on ground. Yield under the intercropping system was also significantly
reduced due to the low light interception. Reduction in number of leaves, number of branches, number of fruits/ head/ tubers, average leaf
area was observed in all crops under shade. Average fruit weight, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and fruit yield was also less under
shade.Growth parameters under different types of fertilizers showed that plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, average leaf
area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, number of fruits/ head/ tubers per plant and the yield was significantly affected by the
fertilizers.Highest value in all the parameters was recorded in T 1i.e. RDF. Integrated nutrient application significantly affected all the
parameters in treatment T1 with recommended dose of fertilizer, performed best among all the treatments in all the crops except potato, in
which highest yield was recorded in T3(100% in through FYM). In kharif season brinjal performed best whereas, in rabi season performance
of cabbage was on top.Poor performance was shown by okra in kharif and potato in rabi.
Keywords: Intercrops, Poplar, Sub-tropics, Agroforestry, Integrated Nutrient Application.
GNRSA-2020/347
EFFECT OF BALANCED USE OF FERTILIZERS AND IRRIGATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT OF WHEAT
CULTIVAR
LAXMI KANT, D. K. SACHAN*,VIPIN KUMAR AND VINITA SINGH

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (UP), *SMS/Assistant professor KVK, Muradnagar,
Ghaziabad
The study has revealed that there is a sufficient potential increasing wheat production in Uttar Pradesh by provides quality seeds of improved
variety, balance dose of fertilizers and awarenessof irrigation schedules of wheat crop. Under demonstration is a most suitable method for
assessing the performance of improved verities of wheat cultivar HD-2967, HD-3086 and DBW-88 respectively with the existing cultivars
PBW-550(Check) under different irrigation levels. The results of demonstrations shows a greater impact on farmers face due to significant
increase average in crop yield 49.5, 58.6,55.1 and 48.4% respectively over local check. Which results in not only adopting these varieties in
large scale but also some of the farmers have started producing seeds of these improved varieties and maximum yield was found of water
loving and fertilizers responsive variety of wheat vizHD-2967, HD3086 and DBW-88 (49.5,58.6 and 55.1 q/ha) respectively under five
irrigation at all definable growth stages as compared to less responsible/frequency of irrigation of existing variety of wheat PBW-550 (48.4
q/ha). And highest B:C ratio was obtained in wheat cultivar HD-3086 (1:1.78) followed by DBW-88 and HD-2967 under demonstration as
compared to traditional variety of wheat PBW 550 (1:1.42)
Keywords: No. of tillers, Percentage of effective tillers, yield and B:C ratio.
GNRSA-2020/348
ASSESSMENT OF SENSORY AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARROT BASED READY-TO-SERVE BEVERAGES
LAXMI PANDEY1*AND RENU MOGRA2

1
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community and Applied Sciences, MPUAT, Udaipur-313001, India
The present investigation was carried out to develop carrot based ready-to-serve beverages and assessed their sensory and chemical
characteristics.The sensory attributes are very important aspects that determine the acceptability and marketability of beverages. Organoleptic
evaluation of five treatments blended in the ratio of, T0 (carrot-beetroot-aonla-ginger, 100:0:0:0), T1 (carrot-beetroot-aonla-ginger,
80:15:2.5:2.5), T2 (carrot-beetroot-aonla-ginger, 70:25:2.5:2.5) T3 (carrot-beetroot-aonla-ginger, 60:35:2.5:2.5), T4 (carrot-beetroot-aonla-
ginger, 50:45:2.5:2.5) analyzed for the analysis of color, appearance, flavor, consistency, taste and overall acceptability. The organoleptic
scores of all the treatments differed significantly (P≤0.05) in sensory attributes of color, appearance taste and overall acceptability and fell in
the category of “liked very much to liked extremely”, while flavor and consistency scores found non-significant among all five treatments. The
results showed that treatment T4 had significantly higher scores for sensory attributes color (8.30±0.12), appearance (8.80), taste (8.80±0.13) and
overall acceptability (8.38±0.09), followed by T1 as compare to other treatments (T0, T2, T3). The treatment T4 had the highest mean value of total
soluble solids 16.27°Brix, while T0, T1, T2 and T3 had 13.03, 14.13, 14.63 and 15.52°Brix, respectively. Among all the treatments, T1 had
low pH due to addition of carrot juice, aonla and ginger juice while T 0 had high pH due to the 100% carrot based RTS beverages because
vegetables are not acidic in nature. The pH value increased as portion of beetroot juice increased in T 2, T3 and T4. The mean values of titrable
acidity of were in the range of 0.30 to 0.34% in all the treatments of carrot based ready-to-serve beverages, there was no significant
differencesin the titrable acidity among all the treatments of beverages.
Key words: Carrot, Ready-to-Serve, Beverages, Total Soluble Solids, Titrable Acidity
GNRSA-2020/349
EFFECT OF CONSECUTIVE SOWINGS AND SPACING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF AMARANTH, RADISH AND
SPINACH
LAXMI PRASANNA D., Y. R. PARULEKAR*, R. G. KHANDEKAR, V. G. MORE, B. R. SALVI AND NAGMA R.SURVE
Department of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415 712, Dist. - Ratnagiri, M. S., India
Leafy vegetables are important vegetable crops in Konkan region of Maharashtra grown during Rabi-summer season. Due to small land
holdings and limited irrigation facility, farmer has to do consecutive sowings on some piece of land for earning maximum farm income.
Hence above experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2018-19 in FRBD with three replications consisting of two factors i.e., first
factor-consecutive sowings viz. C1-second fortnight of October, C2-second fortnight of November and C3-second fortnight of December;
whereas second factor- Spacingsviz. S1-20 cm between rows, S2-30 cm between rows and S3-40 cm between rows, S4-Broadcasting.Under
different consecutive sowings, all the spacing and their interactions exhibited significant variation in most of the growth parameters, yield
attributing characters as well as physiochemical properties of amaranth, radish and spinach. In consecutive sowings, C 3 recorded highest
yield-ha whereas better physiochemical properties were recorded in C1. Among various spacings, S1 was superior in amaranth and spinach
whereas in radish S3 was registered better. The better physiochemical properties were registered in S 3. In interaction between spacing and
sowings, higher yield was obtained in C3S1 in amaranth and spinach whereas in radish it was better in C3T3. However, better physiochemical
properties were in interaction C1T3 in all the crops under study.
Keywords: consecutive sowing, leafy vegetables, amaranth, spinach, radish
GNRSA-2020/350
PUSH-PULL STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
LOGANATHAN .R, SHRAVAN M HALDHAR

Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal.
Push-Pull technique is based on novel cropping system; it involves use of behavior modifying stimuli to manipulate the distribution and
abundance of insect pests and their natural enemies for effective management of pests. Push-Pull strategy is a newly emerged pest control
method which was developed by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and Rothamsted Research UK. Push
strategy means intercropping, crops emit chemical like kairomones to repel the crop pests and drive them away from the main crop. In Pull
strategy border crops reduce the pest population through attracting and trapping. Push-Pull technology effectively controls the pest keeping
the pest population below the Economic Threshold Level (ETL). This method has more beneficial components like intercrops and companion
crops used as fodder crops, mulching crops, increase the nitrogen and organic matter of soil through nitrogen fixation and suppress the weed
emergence through allelopathy effect. Best example for this strategy is Maize + Napier grass + Desmodium sp intercropping system. In this
cropping system Desmodium crop act as push crop it emits chemicals to repel the insect pest, it also served as a nutritious animal fodder and
effectively suppressed a problematic weed Striga. Desmodium genus produced unusual C-glycosylated flavonoids which is an effective
inhibitory compound that inhibits the seed radical development of Striga and results in its suicidal germination. Napier crops planted as
border crop to attract the stem borers for egg laying, while larva feeding this grass some sticky materials secreted it arrest the movement and
growth of larva. Push-Pull strategy could be a useful method in Integrated Pest Management Programme to increase Agricultural
productivity.
Keywords: Kairomones, trap crops, intercrops, push-pull, striga, allelopathy effect
GNRSA-2020/351
INDEXING OF BANANA CV. KARPURA CHAKKARAKELI (AAB) FOR BANANA BRACT MOSAIC VIRUS (BBRMV) BY
DAC-ELISA TECHNIQUE
M VISWANATH1*, BVK BHAGAVAN2, K RAVINDRA KUMAR3, P SUBBARAMAMMA4 AND M GIRIJA RANI5

1*
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2
Principal Scientist & Head, HRS, Ambajipeta, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Scientist, Kovvur. Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra
Pradesh, India. 4Department of Plant Physiology Horticultural College and Research Institute, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University,
Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh, India. 5Department of Plant Breeding, Senior Scientist, ARS, Machilipatnam, ANGRAU, Andhra
Pradesh, India.
Viral pathogens are major impediment in the banana tissue-culture industry. Among the viral diseases BBrMV (Banana bract mosaic virus),
CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus), BSV (Banana streak virus) and BBTV (Banana bunchy top virus) are occurring severely and causing major
losses to banana farmers. Among the different native banana cultivars in Andhra Pradesh, KarpuraChakkarakeli (AAB) is one of the popular
banana cultivar and occupied in an area of 35,000 ha. Unfortunately, this cultivar is highly succumbed to Banana bract mosaic virus
(BBrMV), genus Potyvirus, the causal agent of bract mosaic disease, is considered to be the most threatening and causing great yield loss. In
the light of severe spreading of the viral diseases during recent times there is an utmost need to increase the production & supply of disease
free planting material as per the demand which is raising day by day from the potential banana growing districts in the state Andhra Pradesh.
The area expansion has, however, been accompanied by rampant spread of pests and diseases, most important among which are viral diseases
transmitted through non-indexed planting material. Thus, the need for production of disease free, quality planting material is being felt more
than ever before not only in the state but in other regions as well. Early detection by means of sensitive diagnostic methods is the main way to
control them.Direct Antigen Coating Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (DAC-ELISA) a serological method utilized in the present was
found effective in the detection of BBrMV infected mother plants of banana cv. Karpura Chakkarakeli (AAB).
Key words: DAC-ELISA, banana, Karpura Chakkarakeli (AAB), BBrMV
GNRSA-2020/352
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT SEED HEALTH TESTING METHODS FOR DETECTION OF SEED BORNE FUNGAL
INFECTION OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS).
*M. INDIRA1, P.S. NATH2, YASHI UMBREY3, K SARDA DEVI4

123
Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya,
Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal -741252, 4Department of Plant Pathology,COA,CAU,Imphal
Seed samples of Okra collected from different small holder farmers were analyzed for the occurrence of seed borne fungi in vitro.Prevalence
of seed borne fungi was carried by five different incubation methods viz. Standard blotter method (SBM), Deep freezing method (DFM), Malt
extract method (MEM), Potato dextrose method (PDA) and Water agar method (WAM). Five fungal pathogens belong to Aspergillus flavus,
A.niger, Fusarium sp., Helminthosporium sp. and Rhizopusstolonifer were identified. The study on Okra seed confirmed that unsterilized
(untreated) seeds show dominant occurrence of saprophytic fungi Rhizopusand Aspergillus as compared to sterilised (treated) seeds. Among
the different incubation methods, Potato dextrose method is the best method for isolation and detection of different fungal pathogens followed
by Standard blotter method. Dominance of saprophytic fungi such as A.flavus, A.niger and R.stolonifer were found in PDA as compared to
SBM. The average percent seed infection was highest in PDA followed by SBM, ME and least in DFM.Both Potato dextrose method and
Standard blotter method were statistically at par as pathogens were concerned. Untreated seeds collected from farmers shows higher
percentage of incidence of fungal micro flora population than the treated seeds.Untreated seeds in majority of cases deteriorated by fungi on
the other hand treated seeds showed reduction in fungal population on the seeds and thus it may be beneficial.
Key words: Okra, Seed borne fungi, Incubation methods, Treated, Untreated.
GNRSA-2020/353
OFF- SEASON VEGETABLE PRODUCTION FOR RISING INCOME OF FARMERS
M. L. MEENA*, SANJAY KUMAR, RAJMANI SINGH, AND RUCHIKA AABHA

Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya-Vihar, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow- 226 025.
Production of fresh vegetable after or before their normal season is called off-season vegetable production. The objective is to produce and
supply vegetables to the market during their lean period of supply. The cultivation of crops outside the regular cropping calendar when supply
is low and prices are high can give farmers better profits and consumers more choice. Off-season (also called counter-season) vegetable
cultivation is the growing of vegetables under adverse climatic or economic conditions. The agricultural cropping season in South Asia is
generally divided into two main seasons as determined by the South Asian monsoon. The farmers can get higher profits from off-season
production. The vegetable which can be grown in any season using technology is an off-season vegetable. Importance of vegetable in human
diet cannot be ignored. These are the major helpful source for digestion process. Vegetables provide vitamins and minerals and also help to
control cholesterol in our body. Swat soils have capability to produce many vegetables For example, onion can be grown anytime. The
main advantage of off-season vegetables is to ensure food security during the scarce period to promote seasonal employment and to ensure
high price for farmers.
GNRSA-2020/354
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: PROSPECTS AND CONSTRAINTS
M. LAKSHMI NAGA NANDINI1 AND Y. MOUNIKA2

1
Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta, Andhra Pradesh, India - 516 105, 2Department of
PSMA, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh, India - 534 101.
Attempts to apply nanotechnology in agriculture began with the growing realization that conventional farming technologies would neither be
able to increase productivity any further nor restore ecosystems damaged by existing technologies back to their pristine state; in particular
because the long-term effects of farming with “miracle seeds”, in conjunction with irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides, have been questioned
both at the scientific and policy levels, and must be gradually phased out. Nanotechnology in agriculture has gained momentum in the last
decade with an abundance of public funding, but the pace of development is modest, even though many disciplines come under the umbrella
of agriculture. This could be attributed to: a unique nature of farm production, which functions as an open system whereby energy and matter
are exchanged freely; the scale of demand of input materials always being gigantic in contrast with industrial nanoproducts; an absence of
control over the input nanomaterials in contrast with industrial nanoproducts (eg, the cell phone) and because their fate has to be conceived
on the geosphere (pedosphere)-biosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere continuum; the time lag of emerging technologies reaching the farmers'
field, especially given that many emerging economies are unwilling to spend on innovation; and the lack of foresight resulting from
agricultural education not having attracted a sufficient number of brilliant minds the world over, while personnel from kindred disciplines
might lack an understanding of agricultural production systems. If these issues are taken care of, nanotechnologic intervention in farming has
bright prospects for improving the efficiency of nutrient use through nanoformulations of fertilizers, breaking yield barriers through
bionanotechnology, surveillance and control of pests and diseases, understanding mechanisms of host-parasite interactions at the molecular
level, development of new-generation pesticides and their carriers, preservation and packaging of food and food additives, strengthening of
natural fibers, removal of contaminants from soil and water, improving the shelf-life of vegetables and flowers, clay-based nanoresources for
precision water management, reclamation of salt-affected soils, and stabilization of erosion-prone surfaces, to name a few.
Keywords: Clay minerals, crop production, crop protection, nanotechnology, nanocomposites, nanofabrication, nanotechnology, farming,
food.
GNRSA-2020/355
EVALUATION OF CUMBU NAPIER (COBN-5) HYBRID FODDER FOR VOLUNTARY FEED INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND
BALANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN MURRAH BUFFALO BULLS
M. MADESH, K. RAJA KISHORE*, D. SRINIVAS KUMAR AND A. ANITHA

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Department of Animal Nutrition, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, A.P. India.
A study was conducted to evaluate the intake, digestibility and balance of nutrients in Murrah buffalo bulls fed Cumbu Napier (COBN-5)
hybrid fodder. CONB-5 was harvested at 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 days of age and analysed for chemical composition and oxalate content. The
fodder harvested at 30 days reported higher crude protein (14 %) and oxalate (3.32 %), while that harvested at 50 days contain 12.1 and 1.64
%, respectively. Based on the protein and oxalate content, fodder harvested from 40-45 days was chosen for in vivo studies in buffalo bulls (6
no) to estimate the voluntary feed intake and plane of nutrition for a period of 60 days. The voluntary dry matter intake (%) was 1.68, which
is in agreement with the value of ICAR, 2013. Similarly, the digestibility coefficients (%) of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude
fibre, nitrogen free extract, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and cellulose were 60.62, 68.74, 62.60, 55.72, 62.74, 55.07, 46.18 and
47.00, respectively. The values reported were comparable to that of other Napier hybrids and reported better digestibility of crude protein and
crude fibre compared to other cultivated fodders. The per cent digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients were 8.74 and 56.05,
respectively, in the animals fed COBN-5. All the animals in the feeding experiment reported positive nutrient balances. The retention of
nutrients as % intake were 59.45, 13.57 and 16.32 for nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus, respectively.It is concluded that feeding ad libitum
COBN-5 fodder starting from 40days of harvest as a sole diet to the buffalo bulls had no adverse effects of oxalates and evinced better intake,
nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition.
GNRSA-2020/356
EVALUATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUPERIOR GREENGRAM (VIGNARADIATE L.) GENOTYPES FOR THE
SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT OF TELANGANA
M. RAMESH*1AND G.NEELMA2
1
Department of Seed Science and Technology (SRTC), PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad –500 030, Telanganan, 2Regional Agricultural
Research Station, Palem, Nagarkarnool, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad –500 030, Telanganan
The present investigation was carried out to identify the most promising superior performing greengram genotypes for the semi arid situation
of the Telangana state. The eight green gram genotypes were evaluated for seed yield and yield related traits during kharif2016 in three
replications at Regional Agricultural Station, Palem which is located at the southern part of the Telangana. Reasonably good amount of
variability was recorded among all the genotypes for the studied traits. MGG-442 recorded highest seed yield of 970 kg/ha and superior over
all the genotypes followed by WGG-37 which recorded seed yield of 913 kg/ha. All the genotypes were matured within the range of 62 to 76
days and can be considered suitable for semi dry land situations. MGG-442 and MGG-434 identified as most divergent genotypesunder the
study. The result implies that the promising green gram genotypes identified from the study could be utilized for the development of the
varieties and breeding material for the semi dry land situations of the Telanganastate.
Keywords: Greengram, Semi-arid, Varieties, Variability
GNRSA-2020/357
EFFECT OF SOWING TIME AND GENOTYPE ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF RICE IN RICE-TORIA SEQUENCE
M. RAY1*, K.C SAHOO2 , T.R MOHANTY3 , M. PRUSTY4, S.K SAHOO 5 , S. TUDU6

Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station [RRTTS] (OUAT), Keonjhar, Odisha – 758002
An experiment was conducted at Field Experimental Block ,Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Keonjhar, during Kharif
season of 2017 and 2018 under RKVY project to identify the sowing time and genotype of Rice in Rice-Toria sequence . The experiment was
laid out in FRBD design. The treatments combination comprised 4 varieties in the main plot viz. V1-Jyotirmayee (95 days), V2- Mandakini
(100 days), V3-Sahabhagi dhan (110 days),V4- Manaswini (125 days) and 3 sowing dates in the sub plot viz. 15 June(D1), 30 June (D2) and
15 July(D3). Results revealed that growing of paddy variety Sahabhagidhan – toria registered the maximum rice equivalent yield of 4254
kg/ha which was at par with both Jyotirmayee – toria and Mandakini – toria sequence. Sowing of paddy on 30th June registered 12 % higher
REY than 15th July sowing. The maximum net return of Rs 10097/- and B:C of 1.23 per ha was obtained when Sahabhagidhan was taken in
the rice - toria sequence followed by Jyotirmayee (Rs 9736 and 1.22 ) and Mandakini (Rs 9251 and 1.21). Sowing of paddy on 30th June
registered 12 % higher REY than 15th July sowing. Therefore for Keonjhar district of Odisha, paddy var. Sahabhagi dhan sown on 30th
June gave higher yield.
Key words: Genotype, sowing time, kharif, rice-toria sequence, net return
GNRSA-2020/358
BIOLOGY AND ALLELOPATHYOF GOOSE WEED IN WETLAND RICE OF KERALA
M. S. S. REDDY., M. AMEENA., POOJA A. P1., AND UMKHULZUM, F. S.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram
Goose weed (SphenocleazeylanicaGeartner) is an emerging weed widely spread over wetlands of Kerala. Thebiology of gooseweed had been
studied through keen observation of randomly selected plants from weedy check plots at IFSRS, Karamana, Thiruvanaanthapuram, Kerala
during kharif2019. In the puddled fields, the weed seeds took 3-5 days for germination, 15 days for flowering and 36 days for first spike
maturity with an average duration of 69 days to complete its life cycle. Periodic dehiscence of individual capsules releasing extremely small
disseminules on to the mud and water might lead to the build-up of a seed bank in soil. Shorter time span for emergence, flowering and spike
maturity could thus ensure persistent and heavy infestation of goose weed in the field and can possibly reduce the rice yields. The average dry
matter produced per plant and total dry matter production were to the tune of 26.24 g/plant and3.75t/harespectively as observed
inweedycheck.The lab experiment on allelopathic effect of goose weed on germination and growth of rice seedlings was evaluated with
treatments T1: Fresh leaves aqueous extract 10%, T2: Dry leaves aqueous extract 10%, T3: Fresh stem aqueous extract 10%, T4: Dry stem
aqueous extract 10%, T5: Fresh inflorescence aqueous extract 10%, T6: Dry inflorescence aqueous extract 10%, T7: Fresh whole plant
aqueous extract before flowering 10%, T8: Fresh whole plant aqueous extract after flowering 10%, T9: Distilled water (control). Regarding
the allelopathic effect of goose weed, aqueous extract of dry plant parts especially leaves and spikes exerted a strong inhibitory influence on
rice germination and seedling growth. This points to the possibility of likely inhibition of emergence of rice seeds in low land rice where the
dry biomass of the weed is incorporated into soil.
Keywords: Allelopathy,Biology, Germination, Goose weed, Nutrient removal, Viability, Wet seeded rice
GNRSA-2020/359
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PRUNING ON FRUIT ATTRIBUTES AND QUALITY OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM
GUAJAVA L.) CV. SARDAR
M.K. SHINDE, R.M. DHEWARE AND A.R. JADHAV
Department of Horticulture,College of Agriculture, Latur. VasantraoNaikMarathwadaKrishiVidyapeeth,Parbhani- 431402 (M.S.) India.
The field trial was conducted on a well-established guava orchard of ten years age, spaced at 6 x 6 m 2at the Instructional-Cum-Research
Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Latur during 2016-17, to study the effect of different levels of pruning on fruit
attributesand quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Sardar.The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with seven
treatmentsviz., T1 (Without pruning-Control), T2 (5 cm pruning), T3(10 cm pruning), T4 (15 cm pruning), T5(20 cm pruning),T6(25 cm
pruning) and T7 (30 cm pruning)with four replicationsafter harvesting of previous season fruits. The pruning was done in 1 st week of May,
2017.The 20 cm pruning level (T5) resulted, the highest TSS (11.63 %), reducing sugar (8.12 %), total sugar (9.65 %) and Sugar: acid ratio
(22.97 %). Hence, it can be concluded that,the 20 cm pruning level were beneficial for enhancing quality of guava cv. Sardar as compared to
other treatmentsunder Marathwada region of Maharashtra.
Key words: Pruning, Fruit attributes, Quality, Guava.
GNRSA-2020/360
OPINION OF FARMERS ABOUT UNIVERSITY KISAN MELA
M. N. ANSARI AND A. K. PASWAN
Department of Extension Education, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, BIHAR. Under RPCAU, Samastipur
Access to reliable, timely and relevant information imparts a significant role to reduce farmers' risk and uncertainty, empowering them to
make good decisions. Agricultural information plays a key task in agricultural development as well as in improving the livelihoods of
farming community. Farmers use a combination of informal and formal sources of information to secure information about improved
technology. The responsibility for planning, organizing, conducting and coordinating the extension activities of the university lies with the
Directorate of Extension Education. Farmers' fair is one of the most important extension education activities of the university for transfer of
technology to the potential users. Farmer’s fairs are playing a pivotal role for the dissemination of agricultural and allied sectors information
with the objective to create awareness and to educate the farming community. It is an attempt to demonstrate the innovative technologies
developed by the Central & State Agricultural Universities, KVKs, line departments, NGOs, private agencies etc. It is also the best place for
the people to learn who hardly visit outside to learn. These fairs also provides opportunities for the farmers to share their experiences with the
gathering and improve their knowledge by “Seeing is believing” principle by visiting the different stalls, experimental farms, Kisan Ghosties
etc. It also gives opportunity for sale of agro-inputs and products and to the display latest agricultural and allied sectors technologies. At
present there has been increasing demand for organising such Kisan Mela at different levels. Hence, it is appropriate to study the opinion of
farmers about university Kisan Mela. The study was conducted at Rajendra Agricultural University, Bihar where Kisan Mela was organized
for three days from 5-7th March, 2016, involving 120 randomly selected participating farmers. The findings indicated that more than fifty
percent of the respondents expressed suggestions by experts, Kisan Gosthi and horticultural exhibition were very good. Most of them opinion
on sale of inputs and transport arrangement in farmers fair was good and majority of them said food facilities was average. Most of the
farmers expressed that they visited mela to gain more information about commercial & horticultural crops and to see the latest farm
machineries and implements.
GNRSA-2020/361
USE OF ICT FOR IMPROVING FARMER'S ACCESS TO BETTER MARKETING
M.S. ANARASE*, G.K. SASANE AND P.A. GHADAGE

Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (MH) India
ICTs is an electronic and digital technologies for storing, processing, transferring of information and communication. ICT seems to offer
strategic and cheap solutions for markets for agricultural produce.Farmers are using various ICT platforms viz. mobiles, web-portals,
information kiosks, e-markets, etc for marketing their produce. eICT comprises of eMarketing in which email marketing is one of its tools.
ICT platform adds market knowledge and give farmer greater confidence in understanding the demand and enhance ability to the control
production and manage supply chains. Basic use of the Internet includes online presentation of the firm, its products or services, and simple
information exchange via email. Advanced use of the Internet assumes more sophisticated two-way interaction and data processing, and
includes online ordering and payment, collecting feedback from customers and integrating the homepage with the firm’s internal functions.
Email marketing is fastest way of getting information, mostly marketing information to a targeted audience today. Use of ICT in marketing
activities enable a producer to find new buyers, build and maintain relationships with current buyers, and access market research to manage
supply, anticipate demands and establish prices.ICT it should be exposed to many challenges including shortage of reliable markets, lack of
reliable sources of market information and reducing transaction cost, time, and space barriers allowing mass production of customized goods
and services.ICT can be useful ensuring improvement of market information accessibility among farmers, encouraged to exploit the
opportunity provided in improving access to market information, act as a bridge between farmers and the market instead of using the
middlemen.ICT presents unprecedented opportunities to empower farmers by strengthening their capabilities in marketing their products.
Thus, ICT platforms assist in developing a broader network of contacts with farmer for better access of marketing and increase efficiencies
and improve competitive dynamics in agriculture, which can raise agricultural productivity and incomes.
Key Words: ICT, Farmer's Accessand Marketing
GNRSA-2020/362
PRECISION FARMING: THE FUTURE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE
M.S. ANARASE1*, G.K. SASANE 2 ANDP.A. GHADAGE 3

Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (MH) India
Precision Farming or Precision Agriculture is generally defined as information and technology-based farm management system to identify,
analyse and manage spatial and temporal variability within fields for optimum productivity and profitability, sustainability and protection of
the land resource by minimizing the production costs. Increasing environmental consciousness of the general public is necessitating us to
modify agricultural management practices for sustainable conservation of natural resources such as water, air and soil quality, while staying
economically profitable. The use of inputs (i.e. chemical fertilizers and pesticides) based on the right quantity, at the right time, and in the
right place. This type of management is commonly known as “Site -Specific Management”. The productivity gain in global food supply have
increasingly relied on expansion of irrigation schemes over recent decades, with more than a third of the world's food now requiring irrigation
for production. All-together, market-based global competition in agricultural products is challenging economic viability of the traditional
agricultural systems, and requires the development of new and dynamic production systems.
Key Words: Precision Farming, Future and Indian Agriculture
GNRSA-2020/363
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND FERTILITY DYNAMICS UNDER
RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
M.S. TALATHI, P. M. MANDAVKAR AND R. G. MANJREKAR
There is increasing concern on the role of fertilizers in maintaining long term soil productivity. In intensive agriculture with high yielding
varieties, crop yields have adverse effect on physical properties of soil such as bulk density, water holding capacity and water stable
aggregates. Integrated nutrient management gained momentum and importance in the recent years. The objectives of this approach are
efficient, judicious and economic use of all the major sources of plant nutrients like soil, mineral, organic and biological in an integrated
manner so as to get maximum economic yield from a particular crop or cropping system. With these objectives, the experiments were
conducted in rice-maize and rice-groundnut sequences in laterite (clay Loam) soils of south Konkan during 2005-06 and 2006-07.The soil
was medium in available N and low in available phosphorus and potash. The experiment was laid out in R.B.D. with three replications. The
results indicated that the application of 50% NPK through fertilizers + 50% N through glyricidia produced the highest grain yield of rice. The
grain yield of winter maize was maximum (44.43 q/ha.), when 100% NPK was applied through fertilizers preceded with application of 75%
NPK through inorganic and 25% through organic to rice crop in rice-maize sequence, while the dry pod yield of groundnut was higher
(22.59q/ha.), when 75% NPK was applied through inorganic source with 50% NPK through inorganic and 50% through organic to the
preceding rice crop.
Key word: Integrated nutrient management, rice-maize, rice-groundnut sequences, glyricidia, physical properties
GNRSA-2020/364
FARMERS’ TELEVIEWING BEHAVIOUR AND EFFECTIVENESS OF FARM BROADCASTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH –A
CRITICAL STUDY
M.V. KRISHNAJI
Agricultural Extension, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University
In India, two third of the population depend on agriculture and one fourth of countries GDP is contributed by agriculture. But, it is very
upsetting to note the insufficient coverage of agriculture in media including print and electronic which is even less than two percent. This is
probably because of the non-lucrative nature of farm information to the media organizers. In the present context of increasing importance of
mass media for communication of farm information, what is expected is that an appropriate content, process, structure and system that are to
be pragmatically developed. For that purpose, a detailed study on farm information communicated through Television with special reference
to the nature and extent of farm information telecasted through mass media with their basis giving consideration for clients’ needs for the
farm information, extent of credibility of farm information from scientific and users’ point of view, different factors there off and so on; are
of immense importance. An ex-post facto and experimental research designs were followed to study the televiewing behaviour of farmers,
effectiveness of farm broadcasts and gain in knowledge after exposure to farm broadcast programmes. The study was conducted in four
districts viz. West Godavari, Srikakulam, Guntur and Kurnool of Andhra Pradesh during 2014 – 2019. In addition to this, analyzed the
content of two popular farm broadcast programmes namely Pasidi Pantalu and Annadata. Two mandals from each district were selected,
comprising a total of eight mandals viz. Yelamanchili, Mogalthur (West Godavari), Amadalavalasa, Etcherla (Srikakulam), Maddikera,
C.Belagal (Kurnool), Tsundur, Duggirala (Guntur). Two villages from each mandal was selected randomly for the study viz. Gumparru, Kaza
(Yelamnchili), Mogalthur, K.P.Palem (Mogalthur), Nimmathorlavada, Ravikantipeta (Amadalavalasa), Kongaram, Nandigam (Etcherla),
Edlapalle, Valiveru (Tsundur), Tummapudi, Duggirala (Duggirala), Maddikera, Edavali (Maddikera), Kothakota, Brahmanadoddi
(C.Belagal). Fifteen televiewing farmers were selected randomly from each village thus comprises a total sample of 240. One village from
each selected district was chosen randomly for control group viz. Mutyalapalle (West Godavari district), Kondapuram (Kurnool district),
Munnangivaripalem (Guntur district) and Ajjaram (Srikakulam district). Fifteen farmers were selected from each control village thus making
a sample of 60. The farmers response was collected by using a well structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The data analysis conducted
by using various statistical tools like frequency, percentage correlation coefficient, regression analysis, t – test, multiple linear regression and
ranking. After analysis it was found that high proportion of televiewing farmers were middle aged (44.58%), having primary education
(22.08%), with marginal farm size (26.70%), more than 20 years of farming experience (33.34%), medium level socio-economic status
(54.17%), medium innovativeness (40.42%), medium mass media exposure (52.92%), medium marketing orientation (39.17%), medium risk
orientation (44.17%), medium economic orientation (55.42%), medium scientific orientation (55.83%), medium extension contact (60.84%),
annual income ranging from Rs. 30,001.00 to Rs. 60,000.00 (22.50%), medium social participation (47.92%), medium cropping in tensity
(57.50%), training exposure ranging from 6 to 10 (28.75%). The detailed analysis of dependent variables revealed that more than half of the
televiewing farmers (53.75%) had medium televiewing behaviour followed by those with low (27.08%) and high (19.17%) level of
televiewing behaviour. Majority of the televiewing farmers (46.25%) had medium effectiveness, followed by low (28.75%) and high
(25.00%) levels of effectiveness. After exposure to farm broadcast programme on rice production technology in experimental group, the
mean difference score was 7.12 and in control group it was 1.04 only. It clearly indicated that there is a significant improvement in gain in
knowledge after exposure to farm broadcast programme. The profile characteristics of televiewing farmers namely education, farming
experience, socio-economic status, innovativeness, mass media exposure, marketing orientation, risk orientation, economic orientation,
scientific orientation, extension contact, social participation and training exposure had significant relationship with televiewing behaviour.
Whereas, the profile characteristics such as age, farm size, annual income and cropping intensity did not show any significant relationship
with televiewing Behaviour of the farmers. The MLR analysis revealed that the selected sixteen profile characteristics put together, explained
about 80.05 per cent variation in the televiewing Behaviour of the farmers. Remaining 19.95 per cent is due to the extraneous profile
characteristics which were away from the present study. Out of sixteen profile characteristics, thirteen of them such as age, education,
farming experience, socio-economic status, innovativeness, mass media exposure, marketing orientation, risk orientation, economic
orientation, scientific orientation, extension contact, social participation and training exposure of televiewing farmers had significant
relationship with effectiveness of farm broadcasts. The other profile characteristics such as farm size, annual income and cropping intensity
did not show any relationship with effectiveness of farm broadcasts. The MLR analysis found that all the 16 profile characteristics put
together, explained about 78.64 per cent variation in the effectiveness of farm broadcasts. Remaining 21.36 per cent is due to the extraneous
characteristics which were not considered under study. Out of sixteen selected profile characteristics, thirteen profile characteristics of
televiewing farmers such as education, farming experience, socio-economic status, innovativeness, mass media exposure, marketing
orientation, risk orientation, economic orientation, scientific orientation, extension contact, social participation, cropping intensity and
training exposure had significant relationship with gain in knowledge. The other profile characteristics namely age, farm size and annual
income did not show any relationship with gain in knowledge of the televiewing farmers. The MLR analysis found that all the sixteen profile
characteristics put together, explained about 55.23 per cent variation in the gain in knowledge of farmers. Remaining 44.77 per cent is due to
the extraneous effects of the profile characteristics which were away from the present study. The content analysis of selected farm broadcast
programmes viz., Pasidi Pantalu and Annadata indicated that, in ‘Pasidi Pantalu’ programme more emphasis was given to agriculture
enterprise (33.49%), dairy and other animal husbandry practices (17.77%), research stations (42.48%), general package of practices
(18.00%), highest time was allotted to agriculture enterprise (33.21%) and straight talk mode (71.41%). Whereas, in case of ‘Annadata’
programme the main emphasis was given to horticulture enterprise (41.55%), fruit and orchard crops (18.41%), research stations (40.70%),
plant protection aspects (29.65%), highest time was allotted to horticulture (42.71%) and straight talk mode (98.09%). Through constraint
analysis it was found that, the most important constraints encountered by the televiewing farmers were: frequent interruption in electricity
supply, too much repetition of the programmes, usage of old video footage, lack of attention to upload important programmes in social media
for further reference, poor quality of visuals and sound, lack of information about experts for further consultation, low level of education
creating problems in understanding advanced technical information, lack of reinforce effect of farm broadcasts on farmers, lack of
cooperation from other family members to watch the farm broadcast programmes, lack of emphasis to the local dialect/ colloquial language,
less emphasis given to Phone in programmes to get solutions to farmers problems directly from experts, orientation of speakers to script
reading rather than talking, lack of visual effects for difficult concepts, introduction of the topic is not catchy to raise the farmers interest, lack
of summarization of salient points in the end of the programme, less coverage to government policies and schemes, no coverage about source
of input availability related information, less emphasis to market intelligence related information, less coverage to success stories of
adoptable technologies, non inclusion of cost and benefit aspects. Suggestions made by the televiewing farmers to overcome the constraints
were : Avoiding too much repetition of the programmes and usage of old video footage, providing information on source of input availability,
more emphasis on programmes of government schemes and subsidies, training the technical experts to improve their script preparation and
presentation related skills, broadcasting of programmes related to market intelligence, broadcasting the programmes on post harvest
management and value addition related information, publishing the programme schedule in all the major news papers well in advance for
wider publicity among farmers, increasing the number of programmes on organic farming and certification, giving priority to latest visuals,
visual effects and sound effects in the programmes for increasing farmers interest, focusing on demonstration mode of presentation to
improve the skills of farmers, incorporation of cost benefit related information for creating interest among farmers, use of more local experts
or progressive farmers / farm women, strictly adhering to seasonality in the programmes broadcasts, incorporation of the visuals of pest and
disease symptoms, announcing address and phone numbers of the experts at the beginning as well as after completion of programme, giving
emphasis on programmes related to rural and agro- based industries to attract youth in agriculture, uploading of information in social media
for further future reference, repeat important programmes at weekends, avoiding too much usage of English words and technical terms,
improving picture and audio quality, dramatized presentation of farmers’ field experiences and success stories, broadcast phone – in live
specific to different areas to solve local problems and giving priority to programmes on latest technologies like terrace gardening, kitchen
gardening, hydroponics and aquaponics etc.
GNRSA-2020/365
A REVIEW ON RECENT NATURAL METHODS FOR IMPROVING SHELF LIFE OF APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA) AND
BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA)
MALLARAPU MADHUSHEKHAR1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 2Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional
University, Punjab
The present review paper is mainly focused on improving shelf life of Apple (Malus domestica) and Banana (Musa acuminata). It is a well-
known fact that apple and banana are main fruits that consumed worldwide. Shelf life of this fruits is limited. And also their cultivation has so
many limitations. So, improving their self-life is an important task. There are many methods to store them like cold storage and early
harvesting etc. And also people use different chemicals in order to increase their self-life. But, in case of storing small quantities for house
hold purpose chemicals are not better options as immature application may lead to some illness and digestion problems. So, many researchers
have used diverse methods to overcome this problem. Using plant extract is one of them. Major advantage of this method is they can prepare
at home and they are edible.
Key words: Malus domestica, musa acuminata, self-life, edible coatings, homemade plant extracts
GNRSA-2020/366
GENETIC DIVERGENCE (D2) ANALYSIS FOR QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN INDIAN MUSTARD
(BRASSICA JUNCEA L.CZERN AND COSS.) UNDER NORMAL SOWN CONDITION
1
MAHAK SINGH AND 2AMIT TOMAR
1
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CSAUA&T, Kanpur-208002, U.P., India, 2Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, RLBCAU,
Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
The present experiment was conducted using 25 diverse origin genotypes/ varieties/ lines/ hybrids of Indian mustard (Brassica campestris L.
Czern & Coss). Materials were tested in randomized block design with two replications at Nawabganj, Research farm of the Chandra Shekhar
Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during rabi 2016-18. Observations on thirteen character namely, days to 50%
flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, length of main
raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), oil
content (%) and seed yield per plant (g). The maximum value of genotypic coefficient of variability, phenotypic coefficient of variability,
heritability and genetic advance were found for days to 50% flowering, length of main raceme and 1000-seed weight. Grain yield showed
highly significant and positive association with harvest index, while negative and highly significant association with number of secondary
branches per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant,
oil content and 1000-seed weight had positive direct effects whereas; days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity and seed yield per
plant had negative direct effect on seed yield. Genetic divergence was suggested that cross between the genotypes of III and IV clusters may
give better results during hybridization programme.
Key words: Correlation, divergence (D2), Genetic advance, GCV & PCV, Heritability and Path coefficient.
GNRSA-2020/367
COMBINING ABILITY, HETEROTIC RESPONSE, GENETIC COMPONENTS AND SELECTION PARAAMETER ANALYSIS
IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN & COSS]
1
1
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology-Kanpur-208002, 2Department of
Genetics & Plant Breeding, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agriucltural University, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
Kanpur, during rabi season 2013-15. 7-parents/strains (Varuna, RK-9101, Pusa jagannath, RH-9801, Pusa bahar, Rohini & Kanti, ) were
crossed in diallel mating design (excluding reciprocal crosses) 28 genotypes (21 F 1 + 7 parents) were evaluated for 13 characters viz., Days
to flowering, Number of primary branches per plant, Number of secondary branches per plant, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm), Number
of siliquae per plant, Length of main raceme (cm), Number of seeds per siliqua, Biological yield per plant (g), Harvest index (%), 1000-Seed
weight (g.), Oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g.). Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes were genetically differ to each for
all the characters. Genetic components analysis exhibited that both additive and dominance components were highly significant for almost all
the traits indicating the role of both additive as well as non-additive gene action in controlling the expression of concerned traits. In general
dominance component values were higher than that of additive component for all the traits. The estimates of average degree of dominance
indicated presence of over-dominance for all the traits. Combining ability analysis revealed that good general combiners were Varuna, RK-
9109, Pusa Jagannath and Kanti for higher oil content and parents, RH-819, Pusa Bahar, Rohini and Kanti for high seed yield per plant. Out
of 21 Crosses three Crosses namely were good specific combinations Pusa Jagannath x Pusa Bahar, Pusa Jagannath x Kanti and RH-819 x
Kanti for seed yield per plant as well as superior economic heterotic combinations Varuna x RK-9101, Varuna x Pusa Jagannath, Varuna x
RH-819, Varuna x Rohini and RK-9101 x Pusa Jagannath for seed yield per plant. High heritability observe for plant height, days of maturity,
number of Siliquae per plant. Higher genetic advance shows length of main receme, plant height, number of siliqua per plant, days to
maturity, harvest index, seed yield and oil content, number of seed size, number of secondary branch, days to flowering, number of seed per
siliqua, biological yield and 1000 seed weight. These characters should be considered in making selection of genotypes for crop
improvement. Seed yield per plant have positively correlated with number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per
plant, days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of seeds per siliquae, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 seed weight
and oil content.
GNRSA-2020/368
GENETIC COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN & COSS]
1
1
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CSAUA&T, Kanpur-208002, 2Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Rani Lakshmi Bai
Central Agriucltural University, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
An experiment was conducted at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology,
Kanpur using 45 F1s and 45 F2s each developed through 10-parent-diallel mating design for genetical studies was carried out in a Complete
Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications during Rabi 2014-15. The observations were recorded on 12 characters namely,
days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), leaf area index, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number
of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seeds weight (g), harvest index (%), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g). The
genetic components analysis indicated significant additive ( D̂ ) and dominant ( Ĥ1 and Ĥ 2 ) genetic components in all the 12 characters in
both F1 and F2 generations. The estimates of dominant components ( Ĥ1 and Ĥ 2 ) were greater than additive genetic ( D̂ ) component in 8 out
of 12 attributes in F1s and all the 12 traits in F2 generation and vice versa for other attributes, Similar was the tread for Ĥ 2 component of
dominance. The degree of dominance (based on component analysis) revealed the presence of over dominance in 7 traits namely, leaf area
index, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of siliquae plant, number of seeds per siliqua, harvest index and
oil content in both F1 and F2 generations, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, 1000-seeds weight and seed yield per plant in F2s
while complete dominance was observed in seed yield per plant in F 1s. Partial dominance was recorded in days to flowering, days to
maturity, plant height and 1000-seeds weight in F1 generation. The dominant genes were more frequently distributed than the recessive ones
in 7 traits viz., days to maturity, plant height, leaf area index, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, harvest index and
oil content in both the generations. One major gene group was found to control 10 characters namely, days to flowering, days to maturity,
plant height, leaf area index, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seeds weight, harvest index, oil content and seed
yield per plant in both the generations (F1 and F2). Other two characters namely, number of primary branches and number of secondary
branches were controlled by more than one major group of genes in F 1s while these traits were controlled by one gene group in F 2s.
GNRSA-2020/369
GENETICALLY ANALYSIS FOR COMBINING ABILITY AND SELECTION PARAMETERS OF QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN & COSS) UNDER NORMAL SOWN
CONDITIONS
1
MAHAK SINGH, 2AMIT TOMAR AND 3ANKIT KUMAR
1,3
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CSAUA&T, Kanpur-208002, U.P., India, 2Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
RLBCAU, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
The present investigation was undertaken to study the genotypic architecture of yield and its component traits through 10 parents diallel
crossing programme. The final experiment was conducted during rabi 2016-17 at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur of C.S. Azad University
of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The material for the study included genetically diverse 10 parents/lines, their 45 F1s and 45 F2s. The
present study revealed that the appreciable variability was present among parents and their F 1s and F2s progenies with respect to all the traits
under study. Dominant gene action was observed for all characters in both generations except days to 50 % flowering. Whereas, in F 1
generation the significant for days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of silquae per plant, biological yield per plant,
1000 seed wt, harvest index, seed yield per plant, oil content and protein content. It indicated the presence of both additive and non-additive
gene effects in the expression of all the characters. The parents Ashirwad and Vardan proved to be best general combiners for twelve
characters namely, days to 50 % flowering, length of main raceme, leaf area index, number of secondary branches, days to maturity, plant
height, number of siliquae per plant, number of seed per siliquae, 1000-seed weight and oil content in general most of the parents maintained
their superiority in both the generations and produced comparable estimates of gca effects. MK (L) 13-306 × MK (L) 13-301, MK (L) 13-310
× MK (L) 13-308, MK (L) 13-307 × MK (L) 13-308, Ashirwad× MK (L) 13-301 and MK (L) 13-304 × MK (L) 13-303, MK (L) 13-306 ×
MK (L) 13-301 in both the generations had desirable significant sca effects which are indicative of the presence of additive x additive
interaction effects. High heritability estimates were observed for all the characters in both the generations. Higher estimates of heritability
were due to contribution of additive genetic component. Correlation study indicated that seed yield per plant had significant and positive
correlation with 1000 seed weight, leaf area index, harvest index, oil content, protein content, biological yield per plant, seeds per silquae,
silquae per plant, primary branches per plant and length of main raceme. However it was negatively and significantly associated with days to
50 % flowering, days to maturity and plant height at phenotypic level.The higher magnitude of positive direct effect at phenotype level on
seed yield per plant was exerted by 1000 seed weight followed by biological yield per plant and leaf area index. However negative direct
effects were exerted by days to 50 % flowering and primary branches per plant.
Key words: Brassica, correlation, diallel, gca, heritability, heterosis, inbreeding depression and path coefficient.
GNRSA-2020/370
BIOREMEDIATION OF FREE CYANIDE CONTAINING WASTEWATER BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
MAHAPRABU E, POORVASANDHYA R. AND SINHA B.

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal
In most developing countries, more than 70% of industrial wastewater is disposed into usable water bodies which does not only pollute rivers
but leach into the water table resulting in groundwater deterioration. Biological remediation of cyanide-containing wastewater has been
dominated by the application of microbial species, namely, fungi, bacteria, algae, and protozoa. Bacterial strains such as Bacillus sp. and
Serratia sp. as well as fungal strains such as Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. have all shown proficiency in utilising cyanide as a carbon
and/or nitrogen source. These organisms were grown on whey, coconut shell, Citrus sinensis, and Beta vulgaris. agro-wasteused as a nutrient
source for microbial proliferation in cyanide-containing wastewater. Recently, F. oxysporum proliferation was observed to be higher in Beta
vulgar is waste compared with glucose a process which was proven to be thermodynamically feasible. Cyanide is a chemical that is widely
distributed in the environment, mainly as a result of anthropogenic activities. Most industrial activities use this chemical compound for
manufacturing a product as electroplating or for extracting gold. Exposure to cyanide results in negative health impacts. In nature, cyanide
occurs in several species, of which the free cyanide forms are the most toxic ones. Biological treatment called “bio remediat ion”, which is
cost-effective and eco-friendly, is the most applied process to remove cyanide from contaminated environments. Many microorganisms have
been reported to transform the cyanide in another less toxic compound, or to consume cyanide for their growth. The reactions are influenced
by environmental parameters such as pH and temperature and by the nutriment availability.
Keywords- Beetroot, cyanide, Fusarium oxysporum, wastewater
GNRSA-2020/371
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND FERTIGATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) CV. SINDURI UNDER HIGH DENSITY
PLANTING SYSTEM IN SOUTH EASTERN RAJASTHAN
*
MAHAVEER SUMAN AND **M.C. JAIN
*
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar (Agriculture University, Kota) Rajasthan India 326 023,
**
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Kota (Agriculture University, Kota) Rajasthan India 324 001.
An investigation was carried out under the Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The experiment was
conducted in the pomegranate orchard established under high density planting system at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jhalawar in the near
vicinity of the college during July 2018 to December 2018 and again during July 2019 to December 2019. The experiment was laid out in
Factorial Randomized Block Design and experiment comprised of 27 treatment combinations consisting of plant growth regulators levels
(NAA 0, 50 and 100 ppm and ethrel 0, 150 and 250 ppm) and fertigation levels (0, 75 and 100% recommended dose of fertilizers). Results
revealed that maximum mean per cent increase in plant height (10.34), plant spread viz., East-West (7.01) and North-South (6.62), canopy
volume (25.87), leaf area (19.51 cm 2), yield per plant (6.80 kg) and yield per hectare (75.52 quintal) was recorded under F 2 (fertigation 100%
recommended dose of fertilizers). However, interaction effect of NAA, ethrel and fertigation were found to be relatively higher to their
individual effect. In interaction effect maximum mean per cent increase in plant height (13.28), plant spread viz., East-West (8.03) and North-
South (7.71), canopy volume (31.72), leaf area (23.55 cm2), yield per plant (8.09 kg) and yield per hectare (89.85 quintal) was recorded under
N2E1F2 (100 ppm NAA + 150 ppm ethrel + 100% RDF through fertigation). In the same way, maximum gross return of Rs. 2,32,400/ha and
Rs. 3,07,360/ha which was Rs. 1,06,250/ha and Rs. 1,41,740/ha excess over control during 2018 and 2019, respectively was recorded under
N2E1F2 (100 ppm NAA + 150 ppm ethrel + 100% RDF through fertigation).
GNRSA-2020/372
EVALUATION OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS ON SUMMER GREENGRAM IN TRIBAL DISTRICT JHABUA OF
M.P.
MAHENDER SINGH1, I.S.TOMAR2, K. S. BHARGAV1, ANKITA PANDEY3, LAXMI1

1.
Scientist, KVK, Dewas, 2. PS&H ,KVK Jhabua, 3. Technical Officer, KVK, Dewas
Jhabua is predominated by tribals with very poor economic condition. Generally farmers are not aware about summer cultivation. Farmers are
growing summer green gram with their local variety without any scientific cultivation practices, which resultant into low income. Looking to
the low profitability during summer season by green gram the current study was carried out by KVK, Jhabua . The KVK Jhabua conducted
100 demonstrations (50 each during summer 2016-17 and 2017-18) on summer green gram var. IPM 2-3 across eleven villages of Jhabua
district. The results of demonstrations showed that farmers could increase the Green gram productivity notably by switching over to improved
variety and adoption of improved production technology. From the front line demonstrations, it was observed that the improved Green gram
variety IPM 2-3 recorded the higher yield (823.5 kg/ha) compared to the farmers' practices variety (568.5 kg/ha). The increase in the
demonstration yield over farmer’s practices was 45.23 %. Farmer’s practices were treated as control for comparison with recommended
practices. Average yield of summer green gram under demonstration were higher by 42.46 and 48.10 per cent over farmer own practices. Net
returns and B:C ratio were also reported higher during both the years of study. The study has shown that the FLD programme was found to be
very effective to enhance the productivity and economics of green gram under hills zone of Jhabua district. The increment in yield of green
gram crop under front line demonstrations was due to spreading of improved and latest technology viz. YVM resistance variety, seed
treatment with bio-fertilizers, recommended seed rate, proper dose of fertilizers and plant protection measure
Key words- Green Gram, Demonstration, Economic condition, IPM.
GNRSA-2020/373
GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN BOTTLE GOURD [LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL.]
MAJID RASHID*, K. HUSSAIN, GHULAM JEELANI, SYED MAZAHIR HUSSAIN, SYEDA FARWAH, SAMEENA MAQBOOL,
INSHA JAVEED, TAJAMUL HUSSAIN
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190025, Jammu and Kashmir (India)
The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Field, Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during Kharief
2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Cluster analysis grouped thirty
genotypes of bottle gourd into three clusters. Cluster I had maximum number of genotypes (25) followed by cluster II (4) and cluster III (1).
Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster I and III (311.28) followed by cluster I and II (189.07). Fruit length,fruit yield
plant-1 and fruit diameter contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence.
Keywords: Clusters, divergence, selection, genotypes, D2 Statistics, Cluster distance
GNRSA-2020/374
MEAN PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS BOTTLE GOURD [LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL.] GENOTYPES.
MAJID RASHID*, K. HUSSAIN, SYED MAZAHIR HUSSAIN, SYEDAFARWAH, INSHAJAVEED, AMREENA SULTAN, SYED
AZRAH, AFROZA AKHTER, RIHANA RAHMAN
Division of Vegetable Science; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190025,
Jammu and Kashmir (India)
2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Thirty genotypes were evaluated
for various quantitative and quality traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits. The
maximum fruit yield plant-1 was recorded in Shalimar improved (7.57 kg) followed by SH-BG-72 (7.30 kg), SH-BG-17 (7.28 kg) and the
minimum fruit yield plant-1 was recorded in SH-BG-53 (4.32 kg).
Keywords: Bottle gourd, genotypes, traits, variance
GNRSA-2020/375
CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS TRAITS IN BOTTLE GOURD [LAGENARIA
SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL.] GENOTYPES
MAJID RASHID*, K. HUSSAIN, SYED MAZAHIR HUSSAIN, TAJAMUL HUSSAIN, JAVEID AHMAD DAR, INSHA JAVEED,
SYEDA FARWAH, SAMEENA MAQBOOL, RIHANA RAHMAN
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190025, Jammu and Kashmir (India)
2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Correlation and path analysis
among different characters of thirty bottle gourd genotypes were studied. Observations revealed that fruit yield plant-1 was positively
associated with traits like node number at which first male flower appeared, node number at which first female flower appeared, number of
days to anthesis of first female flower, fruit diameter, dry matter content and total sugars. Moreover the traits like days to last fruit harvest
and number of fruits plant-1 showed significant positive genotypic correlation with fruit yield plant -1 indicating that direct selection of these
traits will be effective. Path coefficient analysis revealed appreciable amount of direct positive effects of component traits like node number
at which first male flower appeared, days to anthesis of first female flower, days to last fruit harvest, number of fruits plant-1 and total sugars
on fruit yield plant.
Keywords: Correlation, selection, path analysis, bottle gourd
GNRSA-2020/376
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGEON VEGETABLE CROPS AND ITS MITIGATION
MAJID RASHID*, K. HUSSAIN, GHULAM JEELANI, SYED MAZAHIR HUSSAIN, SAMEENAMAQBOOL, SYEDAFARWAH,
Division of Vegetable Science; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190
025, Jammu and Kashmir (India)
Agriculture sector is the most sensitive sector to the climate changes because the climate of a region/country determines the nature and
characteristics of vegetation and crops. A significant change in climate on global scale will impact agriculture and consequently affect the
world’s food supply.Vegetable crops are very sensitive to climatic vagaries and sudden rise in temperature as well as irregular precipitation at
any phase of crop growth can affect the normal growth, flowering, pollination, fruit development and subsequently decrease the crop yield
(Afroza et al., 2010).Under changing climatic situations crop failures, shortage of yields, reduction in quality and increase in pest and disease
problems are common and they render the vegetable cultivation unprofitable (Lal et al., 2014). In India diverse climatic conditions available
across the country provide ample opportunity to grow almost all type of vegetable crops, thus making our country the second largest producer
of vegetables. Vegetables play a crucial role in ensuring food and nutritional security, but they are highly perishable and their prices rise fast
under climate change putting them out of reach of the poor. To mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on productivity and quality of
vegetable crops there is need to develop sound adaptation strategies. The emphasis should be on development of production systems for
improved water use efficiency adoptable to the hot and dry conditions. The crop management practices like mulching with crop residues and
plastic mulches help in conserving soil moisture. Excessive soil moisture due to heavy rain becomes a major problem which can be overcome
by growing crops on raised beds (Singh et al., 2010). Breeding techniques and biotechnology are essentially required to meet these
challenges.
Keywords: Adaptation, climate, temperature, food security, moisture, vegetables
GNRSA-2020/377
ANALYSIS OF GEOSPATIAL CAUSES FOR LOWERING DISCHARGE IN KANARI RIVER
MALAY SINGH1*, Y.K. TIWARI1, M.K. AWASTHI2 AND AYUSHI TRIVEDI3

Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P)
Rivers are not only important for human beings but also serve a great purpose to the animals and trees as well. We will never know the worth
of rivers until they dry up. A drop of water is worth more than a sack of gold to a thirsty man. We have to understand the need to save our
rivers from pollution. Land use/land cover (LULC) changes are among the most important applications of Earth Observation (EO) satellite
sensor data. It provides a comprehensive and good understanding of ecosystem monitoring and functioning, and responses to environmental
factors. Remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are powerful tools to derive accurate and timely information on the
spatial distribution of land use/land cover changes over large areas. In this study, watershed and subwatershed of Kanari riverwas delineated
using Geographic Information System (GIS) and LULC changes were investigated using Remote Sensing and GIS in Kanari Watershed,
Tehsil Sihora, District Jabalpur, State Madhya Pradesh from the year 1990 to 2019. The study area was classified into eight categories on the
basis of field study, geographical conditions, and remote sensing data. The comparison of LU/LC from 1990 to 2019 derived from toposheet
and satellite imagery interpretation indicates that there is a significant increase in built-up area, mines, agriculture, wasteland and decrease in
water body, forest and vegetation. In the past few years even though we have had excess rainfall in study area, this excess rain just washes
off, causing serious flood downstream because of increasing mines, habitat and water pollution and decreasing vegetation. Nothing gets
stored in the soil, thereby causing rivers to dry up during summer months.
Keywords: Watershed, LULC change, Topographic map, Sentinel and Landsat satellite image, Remote Sensing and GIS, Kanari River
GNRSA-2020/378
ANALYSIS OF LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE MATRIX
MALAY SINGH1*, Y. K. TIWARI1, M. K. AWASTHI2 AND AYUSHI TRIVEDI3

Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P)
The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Change refers to the man made modifications affected upon the earth surface. In order to understand the
effect of Land Use/Land Cover change on the hydrologic regime of the Kanari River watershed at district Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, a
29 years period from 1990 to 2019 was selected for which historical data was available. The present study is covering an area of 298 km2.
The satellite image of the study area for three epochs (year 1990, 2004, 2009 and 2019) were acquired analyzed and classified under Water
body, Agriculture, Forest/Mountain, Wasteland, Open field, Mines, Habitat and Vegetation classes. After passage of about 29 years i.e. by the
year 2019, the land use land cover over the study area has experienced more significant changes. The study shows a substantial loss of
vegetation and plantation/forest area which has been ultimately converted to crop land and settlement (Built-up, Roads etc) area. The
comparision of LULC from 1990 to 2019 derived from toposheet and satellite imagery interpretation indicates that there is a significant
increase in built-up area, mines, agriculture, wasteland and decrease in water body, forest/mountatin and vegetation. The area covered by
waterbody was decreased by 2179.34 ha from year 1990 to 2019, agriculture area was increased by 15573.4 ha, forest/mountain area was
decreased by 7566.78 ha, wasteland area was increased by 1085.82 ha, open field area was decreased by 3179.66 ha, mines area was
increased by 314.46 ha, habitat area was increased by 1470 ha and vegetation area was decreased by 5503.02 ha from year 1990 to 2019.
GNRSA-2020/379
ROLE OF CRISPR CAS SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURE
*MALEMNGANBI KEISHAM,JYOTSANA SANASAM, S. MONTESHORI, BABY WANGKHEM, TABALIQUE

YUMKHAIBAM, K. SARDA DEVI ANDREDINA SAPAM
Research Scholar, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR Research Complex for NER Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat-795004, Manipur
Agriculture being the most important sector which provides food and employment security many technologies has been developed.Crops with
higher yields and improved quality were needed with the increase in global population. Of the many constraints faced in production and
productivities of food, biotic stress is a major factor and to protect the crop plants from such biotic stresses i.e., multiple attack by pathogen
and pest, development and application of new and improved technologies is crucial need of the hour. Modern technologies likegene editing
have been proven to be efficient for overcoming diseases in plants.With the advancement in biotechnology, genome editing tools like ZFNs,
TALENs and CRISPR Cas9 system were developed.CRISPR Cas9 system is considered as the latest tools for genome editing. This system
has been proven successful in many staple crops like rice, maize, tomato, cabbage, cauliflower, sweet orange and soya bean. However
recently, Cas12a system has been found more efficient than Cas9 system.Additionally, CRISPR/Cas13a is the newest CRISPR type nuclease
tool kit. It focuse smainly for engineering interference against RNA viruses and for other RNA manipulation in plants. These various tools
have accelerated the improvement of crops and have caused a major revolution in plant biology. The recent developments and applications
have enhanced disease resistance against plant pathogens. Hence, in future there is huge possibility to generate new varieties of plants without
introducing foreign genes.Thesegenome editing tools play a key component for future crop improvement without additional land and disease
management of crops.
Key words: CRISPR, Genome editing, ZFNs, TALENs.

GNRSA-2020/380
A REVIEW ON RECENT NATURAL METHODS FOR IMPROVING SHELF LIFE OF APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA) AND
BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA)
MALLARAPU MADHUSHEKHAR AND ADESH KUMAR
Department of plant pathology, school of Agriculture, Lovely professional University, Phagwara-144411, Punjab, India (MS, AK)
The present review paper is mainly focused on improving shelf life of Apple (Malus domestica) and Banana (Musa acuminata). It is a well
known fact that apple and banana are main fruits that consumed worldwide. Shelf life of this fruits is limited. And also their cultivation has so
many limitations. So, improving their self life is an important task. There are many methods to store them like cold storage and early
harvesting etc. And also people use different chemicals in order to increase their self life. But, in case of storing small quantities for house
hold purpose chemicals are not better options as immature application may lead to some illness and digestion problems. So, many researchers
have used diverse methods to overcome this problem. Using plant extract is one of them. Major advantage of this method is they can prepare
at home and they are edible.
Key words : Malus domestica, musa acuminata, self life, edible coatings, Homemade, plant extract.
GNRSA-2020/381
LICHENS AS BIOINDICATOR OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
MAMTA BHAT* AND SUSHEEL VERMA

Department of Botany, School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri (J&K) – 185 234
Lichens constitute the unique group of living organisms with a body comprising algal and fungus components. They lack any protective,
conductive and assimilatory tissues such as epidermis, xylem, phloem and roots.They play an important role in maintaining the health of an
ecosystem. Besides, they are also known to be an important indicator of atmospheric pollution as large scale absorbance of air pollutants
occurs directly from the atmosphere to their thallii. Extensive laboratory evidences confirm that lichens are an excellent bioindicator of SO2.
The most sensitive lichens are the fruticose while most tolerant are the crustose forms. They also serve as “early warning” indicators of air
quality. Since they are available free of cost, it favours their use as efficient biomonitor of air pollution. They can also be used for short and
long term monitoring of air pollution without the need of maintaining costly and sophisticated electronic equipments. However, the rising
level of air pollutants has affected their existence resulting in their complete eradication from many areas. Air pollutants have also affected
their morphology, physiology, growth and reproduction.
Key words: Lichens, Atmospheric pollution, Fruticose, Crustose, Biomonitors
GNRSA-2020/382
CONSERVATION AND DOMESTICATION OF WILD HIMALAYAN ORCHIDS FOR BOOSTING THE FLORICULTURE
INDUSTRY
MAMTA BOHRA1* AND BHAGWATI PRASAD NAUTIYAL2

1
Assistant Professor, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, COH , VCSG, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and
Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal, 246123, 2 Dean, COH , VCSG, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri
Garhwal,
Orchids are popularly known for its exotic flowers and long vase life. It is a multibillion dollar earning crop and generally used as a cut
flowers and potted plant. Besides this they are also used as a food, flavouring agent and source of medicines etc. All the present day
commercial genera/species/varieties of orchids are the outcomes of the wild progenitor which is results of continuous efforts of human beings
in terms of collection, conservation and domestication. Wild orchids have the fascinating beauty and longer flower longevity. Because of
novelty in their shape, size and colour they can become replacement of many commercial crops. They are habitat/climate specific so they can
emerges as potential crop for the particular region and helps in generating revenue by ecotourism and increase employment opportunities.
They are self sustaining in nature and are the indicator of healthy ecosystem. They can be used as essential and continuous input for crop
improvement. They are also the part of our natural heritage but because of unawareness among people regarding various uses, slow in
growth, habitat fragmentation and change in the climate many wild orchids now become extinct and many are identified as threatened in
nature. Therefore, conservation as well as ensuring sustainable utilization becomes the need of an hour. To ensure sustainable use, their
domestication and commercial cultivation is needed at earliest to boost the floriculture industry and also let the plant grow in nature by
ensuring conservation. For commercialization, collection of germplasm is prime requisite and thereafter its domestication by proving them
congenial environment conditions along with suitable growing media on the basis its growth habit of plant. Tissue culture method and other
common method of propagation depending on growth habit can be adopted for multiplication. Various research trials can be conducted for
standardized production technology.
GNRSA-2020/383
POTENTIAL OF BAMBOO IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
MAMTA RANI, MAMTA, NIRMALA CHONGTHAM

Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014
Climate change is the biggest concern globally due to the carbon emission in atmosphere as it causes serious threat to the species diversity,
habitats, wildlife, fisheries and other natural resources. In developing countries like India, China and other south Asian countries, climate
change could represent an additional stress on environmental and socioeconomic systems that are already facing tremendous pressures due to
rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development. Agricultural sector is also suffering due to the global warming effects as
well as by heavy metal contamination and soil erosion. It changes the physicochemical characteristics of the soil that shows the adverse
effects on soil biota. The major crops like wheat, rice, maize have experienced significantly yield reduction at the global level at 40 Mega
tons per year from 1981 to 2002 due to the global warming. Bamboo is a fast growing, evergreen, arborescent, perennial and multipurpose
member of grass family Poaceae and subfamily Bambusoideae. It grows exceptionally well in most of the climatic and ecological conditions
particularly in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. It has many unique characteristics one of them is high sequestration
rate of atmospheric CO2. Globally average CO2 sequestrations by the bamboo forest is 86 tons of CO2 per hectare per year and additionally
produce 35% more oxygen than the equivalent biomass of trees. These characteristics of bamboo make them a perfect solution for the
environmental and social consequences of tropical deforestation. Apart from these, bamboo has the ability to uptake contaminants from soil
and water by the process of rhizofiltration, phytoextraction and phytovolatilization etc. It can efficiently accumulate contaminants like heavy
metals Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu and Cd in their root, shoot, rhizomes, leaves and fibers. Species of Phyllostachys, Dendrocalamus, Bambusa,
Gigantocloa, Thyrostachys, Pseudosasa, Indocalamus and Pleioblastus are used for phytoremediation of heavy metals in several countries.
But in India negligible work has been done regarding phytoremediation using bamboo and it could be addressed considering the current
environmental issues.
Keywords: CO2, Bamboo, Soil
GNRSA-2020/384
THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF BAMBOO BIOCHAR IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
MAMTA, MAMTA RANI, NIRMALA CHONGTHAM

Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 160014
In recent times, agriculture faces many challenges due to rapid industrialization and growing demand of food because of ever growing
population. To meet the increasing food demand, many chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides are used to enhance the crop yield.
These chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides contain certain inorganic and organic elements which ultimately contaminate soil to a
great extent and are very harmful for the environment. Worldwide, a large number of soils are contaminated by different contaminants such
as heavy metals, and various other organic and inorganic elements. In recent times, biochar has received a great amount of attention because
of its unique properties such as large surface area, chemical recalcitrance, high sorption capacity and water holding capacity. According to the
recent studies, biochar application has proven to play an important role in immobilization of heavy metals and other organic contaminants
which eventually helps in mitigation of the greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration and expand soil carbon pool and ultimately
prevent contaminants from entering the food chain. Typically, biochar as an amendment improves soil physicochemical and biological
properties and thereby enhance the yield of crop. Application of biochar for remediation of contaminated soil may provide a new solution to
the problem of soil pollution. Various agricultural residues are used to produce biochar such as sugarcane bagasse, corn straw and many
others. Bamboo as high biomass producer and wide distribution can be a good candidate for the production of biochar. Bamboo has proved its
versatility in terms of other ecological benefits such as carbon sequestration, water conservation and potential to mitigate climate change.
Studies regarding the impact of biochar on different properties of the agricultural soil and potential of bamboo biochar to mitigate the
agricultural soil problems are being conducted.
GNRSA-2020/385
CONSTRAINTS FACED BY RETAILERS IN MARKETING OF MANGOES
MANERIKAR S. S1., TORANE S. R.2 AND D. B. MALAVE3

1
Department of Agriculture Economics, DBSKKV, Dapoli (M.S.), 2Deputy Director Research, DBSKKV Dapoli. (MS), 3Department of
Agriculture Economics, DBSKKV, Dapoli (M.S.)
The present study was undertaken with the specific objective i.e. To document the constraints faced by retailers in marketing of mango. A
data from random sample of 60 respondents consisting of 30 retailers and 30 vendors was collected from six markets adjacent to Konkan
region namely Mumbai, Pune, Satara, Karad, Kolhapur and Belgaum. Alphonso was major variety sold in selected markets and quantity
handled by respondents in a season was 660.26 dozen. Stock handled by retailer and vendor in a season 747.8 dozen and 572.77 dozen,
respectively. Wide price fluctuations in wholesale markets, less demand during beginning of season, mishandling of fruits by buyers and lack
of storage facility were the various constraints faced by sample respondents in marketing of mangoes.
GNRSA-2020/386
PESTICIDES RESIDUE ESTIMATION OF BEE PRODUCTS IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA
MANGLA RAM BAJIYA, DEVINDER SHARMAANDD. P. ABROL

Division of Entomology, Block, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha,
Jammu-180 009 (J&K) India.
Investigations on pesticides residue analysis in bee products in Jammu, India was carried out during 2014-15 and 2015-16. The honey
samples were collected from different districts of Jammu region viz.Doda, Banihal, Ramban, Jammu, Poonch, Rajouri, Kathua and
Udhampur. Presence of residues of pesticides in honey samples were analyzed in the Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology by gas
liquid chromatography. GC confirmatory analysis was carried out on a Trace GC–MS 2000 (Thermo Finnigan, Manchester, UK) system with
Xcalibur software-based data acquisition. Traces of residues were maximum in Poonch and Rajouri district samples. The results indicated
the presence of Lambda cyhalothrin (0.65 ppm) and Chlorpyrifos (0.22 ppm) above the detection limit (0.1mg/kg) in honey samples.
Keywords: Honey, pesticides, residues
GNRSA-2020/387
A REVIEW ON RECENT NATURAL METHODS FOR IMPROVING SHELF LIFE OF VEGETABLES
MANIKANTA1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab. 2Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional
University, Punjab
The present review paper is mainly focused on improving self-life of vegetables (Tomato and Sapota). As we all know vegetables are main
sources for many essential vitamins and proteins. Their self-life period is too short and in some rural areas and in Villages people won’t have
any modern new technology like refrigerator or cold storage etc. In most of the cases they will be storing their yield in a traditional mud
houses and in bricks house and that will not increase their self-life at all. In them with the available conditions (Moisture, Temperature,
protection from rodents) the fruits mainly make their way and prone to destroy or decay. So, using these methods may increase the self-life of
the vegetables (Tomato, Sapota). So, I had followed different methods to improve self-life of these vegetables by coating them with
unharmful and useful (which tries to act like a cover to the fruit from outer environment) plant extracts, or by drowning them in a particular
solution or spraying the extracted plant extracts (liquid) on them and later they may turn into coating.
Key words: Self-life, coating, plant extracts, drowning, Rodents, Mud houses, Brick houses, extracting.
GNRSA-2020/388
RICE FALSE SMUT: A MAJOR THREAT OF RICE PRODUCTION
MANISH KUMAR MAURYA, VIKASH KUMAR YADAV, SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH, SHIVAM SINGH, JAISH RAJ YADAV,
RAJENDRA PRASAD
Research Scholar, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP) 224229
Rice false smut is the most important grain disease in rice production worldwide. It not only lead to yield loss but also reduce grain quality
because of multiple mycotoxins generated by the causative pathogen, Villosiclava virens (anamorph: Ustilaginoidea virens). The pathogen
infects developing spikelets and converts individual grain into a smut ball that is established from mycelia covered with powdery
chlamydospores, sometimes generating sclerotia. RFS balls seem to be randomly formed in some grains on a panicle of a plant in the paddy
field. Disease is managed through cultural, biological and chemical control. Cultural practices such as crop residues should be destroyed, use
recommended dose of fertilizer, and replacement of susceptible cultivar with resistant cultivar etc. Biological control is through bioagents like
T. viride etc. chemical spray i.e. Trifloxystobin+Tebuconazole (0.04%), Propiconazole (0.1%) is effective for manage the disease when
applied at booting or in 50% panicle emergence stage.
GNRSA-2020/389
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND PRE-TREATMENT OF ORGANIC SOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE
MEDIA PREPARATION
MANISH PANT AND P.K. OMRE

Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand-263145, India
The process engineering behind is not only focused on cheaper methodologies but also on precursor materials utilized in this regard.The rice
straw and jackfruit rind samples were analyzed for cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ash and starch using standard procedures. The corn steep
liquor samples were analyzed for pH, total nitrogen and organic acids using standard procedures. Enzymatic sachharification (cellulase) were
conducted to the pre-treated rice straw and jackfruit rind powder.A one step enzyme addition were performed in alkali pre-treated rice straw
and jackfruit rind powder.The rice straw sample were treated with 15FPU/mg of cellulase for 64h. Similarly, 0.8FPU/mg of cellulase enzyme
were used to treat rind powder for 48 h.The subsequent reducing sugars were quantified using DNS method and the results showed
comparable reducing sugars viz. 32.1 and 28.1g/L for rice straw and jackfruit rind respectively.
GNRSA-2020/390
NTFPS MARKETING AND CONSTRAINTS IN INDIA
MANISHA KUMARI*, PIYUSH CHOUDHARY

Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur- 313001
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) encompasses all biological materials other than timber, which are extracted from forests for human
use. Marketing of NTFP assumes importance because it provides safety nets for the income of rural households in lean agriculture season or
when crop fails. The marketing of NTFPs through formal channels is a complicated task because of the lack of suitable infrastructure and the
influence of intermediaries. The markets for NTFPs are informal and unstructured and it does vary enormously. The market for NTFPs in
India is a closed market with little transparency. There is irregular functioning of NTFPs markets on account of price instability. NTFPs are
seasonal and mostly gathered from forest. Thin local markets, high transportation cost in moving NTFPs from rural to urban centers,
ineffective policies and legislations, rudimentary production and processing methods and absence of a definite action plan at state and
national level for extraction and marketing are some of the major constraints in marketing of NTFPs in India. Some of the consequences of
market imperfections are the lack of information to the needy stakeholders and posing obstacles in the path of commercial exploitation of
NTFPs in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: NTFPs, Marketing Channels, Constraints, Seasonal, Sustainable
GNRSA-2020/391
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION GROUNDWATER FROM PALGHAR AND DAHANU TEHSILS OF COASTAL KONKAN
MANISHA V. APRAJ1, P. P. PAWAR2, AND S. C. JADHAV3

1&2
Dept. of soil science & agril chemistry, PGI, M.P.K.V, Rahuri,413722, 3 Dept. of soil science & agril chemistry, D.B.S.K.K.V, Dapoli
The quality of groundwater for irrigation was studied from different locations of Palghar and Dahanu tehsils of coastal Konkan in
Maharashtra in the month of May 2016 (pre-monsoon) and October 2016 (post monsoon). The results obtained from investigation revealed
that all irrigation water samples from Palghar and Dahanu tehsil were slightly saline in reaction. Among all the cations Na + was dominant in
water followed by Ca++, Mg++and K+. The relative proportion of anions were Cl->HCO3-> SO4-->CO3--. The carbonate concentration was not
observed in majority of water samples. According to SAR 61% water samples were categorized as C1class and 39% water samples were
categorized as C2 in May while in October 67% and 33% water samples were categorized as C1 and C2 class respectively. The pH, EC,
Cations, Anions as well as Boron SAR and RSE values of irrigation water collected in pre monsoon season (May 2016) were high as
compared to post monsoon season, due to rainwater dilution effect.
Keywords: GPS, Irrigation water, Salinity, Cations, Anions, SAR.RSC.
GNRSA-2020/392
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM CINNAMOMUM
ZEYLANICUM BARK
SONTAKKE M.D*., SALVE R.V. AND KALE R.V.

Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, College of Food Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani
(M.S.)- India.
The present investigation was undertaken to study extraction and characterization of essential oil obtained from Cinnamomum zeylanicum
bark. The extraction of essential oil from cinnamon bark was carried out by hydrodistillation method using clevenger type apparatus. Further,
the obtained essential oil was characterized for chemical compounds by Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method. The
results of GC-MS analysis identified 20 chemical compounds which included cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, α-pinene, eucalyptol, cinnamic acid,
α-terpineole as major compounds for antioxidant activity as percent radical scavenging activity and results revealed 30.73% scavenged
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 15.23% scavenged nitric oxide (NO). From the results it could be concluded that essential oil extracted from
cinnamomum zeylanicum bark had strong antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity hence, suggests its applications as flavouring as
well as antioxidant agent in food and beverages.
Keywords: Cinnamon bark, Extraction, GC-MS analysis, Antioxidant activity.
GNRSA-2020/393
VITAMIN C AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SPROUTED MUNG BEAN
MANNE HEMANTHKUMAR1*, KODIDELA VAISHNAVI2

*1Department of Biochemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar.
2
Department of Plant Pathology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalay, Cooch Behar.
Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is most widely grown crop next to chick pea and pigeon pea. Traditional processing like
sprouting have been known to increase protein, mineral and vitamin content. Three recommended mung bean varieties (SGC-16, SGC-20 and
IPM-02-3) seeds were sprouted for 24, 48, 72 and 96h under dark at 25 0C ±2. The sprouted mung bean seeds were found varying
significantly in different parameters studied. Sprouted mung bean seeds were found rich in potassium content ranging from 810.18-1121.43
mg/100g from raw seeds to 96h sprouting period and maximum content of potassium was found in SGC-20.Phosphorous content ranged from
372.11mg at 0h to 433.30mg/100g at 96h germination period. Of the other minerals analysed, calcium and iron content at 96h sprouted period
resulted as 101.25 mg/100g and 10.66 mg/100g respectively. IPM-02-3 variety had the lowest K, P, Ca and Fe content as 854.22 mg, 360.27
mg, 81.23 mg and 7.66mg/100g respectively. Vitamin C content of sprouted mung beans varied from 3.98 to 11.77, 14.63, 20.01 and
24.42mg/100g at 0, 24, 48, 7 and 96h germination periods respectively and thus sprouts provides good antioxidants and prevents scurvy.
Keywords: Mung bean, Germination, Potassium, Phosphorous, Ascorbic acid
GNRSA-2020/394
IN VITRO SCREENING OF THE DEINOCOCCU SRADIODRANS STRAIN FOR SUPPRESSION OF THE BANDED LEAF AND
SHEATH BLIGHT OF MAIZE
MANOJ KUMAR CHITARA*, RAJESH PRATAP SINGH

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar (Pantnagar), 263145
The aim of this present study is to the identification of the effective bacterial strain against the pathogenic fungus, which gives the direction to
control the fungal diseases of the plants. In which six bacterial strain of Deinococcus radioduranshas been screened for the suppression of the
disease Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB) of maize caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. Sasakii Exner is the devastating soil-borne
pathogen of maize by the moist chamber plate technique assay, in which the fixed size of a fresh leaf of maize used as a substrate for the
fungus growth and bacterial strain are applying on the leaf surface by spraying method. Observation was recorded after 2 days incubation at
27±1 ºC. Out of the 6 screened bacterial strain, 3 were showing resistance response and other 3 exhibits moderately resistance response in
terms of the suppression of the pathogenic growth in the leaf of the maize compare to control.
Keyword: Deinococcus radiodurans,Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB), Rhizoctonia solani
GNRSA-2020/395
USE OF BIOCHARS IN SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS.
1
MANOJ KUMAR, 2UMA KANT SINGH, 1AMIT KUMAR PANDEY, 1ASHWINI CHOUDHARY, 1NIRU KUMARI &
1
MAHENDRA KUMAR SHARMA
1
Assistant Prof. cum Junior Scientist MBAC, Agwanpur, Saharsa, 2Junior Scientist cum Assistant Prof. (Horticulture) RRS & MBAC,
Agwanpur, Saharsa
Crop growth and productivity are strongly influenced by various biotic and abiotic stresses and the soil quality. The strength of soil is
directly related to nutrient availability. Plant requires a number of soil nutrients but soil nutrient levels may decrease over time after crop
harvesting as nutrients are not returned to the soil. The extensive use of chemical fertilizers has led to the deterioration of the soil
environment causing infinite problems. High input of fertilizers and pesticides and their long persistence in the soil adversely affect the soil
micro flora, thereby disturbing soil health. Bio-fertilizer can reenergize the soil by improving the soil fertility and hence can be used as a
powerful tool for sustainable agriculture. Soil amendment must possess properties such as high binding capacity should have no negative
effect on soil structure and soil fertility. The use of biochar has been accepted as a sustainable approach and a promising way to improve soil
quality and remove heavy metals pollution from the soil. Biochar is a carbon rich organic material on organic amendment and a byproduct
derived from biomass by Pyrolysis under high temperature and low oxygen condition. Biochar can be a substitute that not only influences the
sequestration of soil carbon but also modifies its physicochemical and biological properties of soil. Biochar amendment to the soil proved to
be beneficial to improve soil quality and retain nutrients thereby enhancing plant growth. In general biochar is a valuable tool that can be
used in soils as a mitigation strategy for environmental pollution increasing the yield and quality of horticultural crops and is an eructing
alternative in the management of solid residues of vegetables or animal origin.
Key word: biochar, horticultures crops, soil fertility, management.
GNRSA-2020/396
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CHICKPEA GENOTYPES USING D 2 STATISTICS MANORANJAN
BISWAL AND ANITA BABBAR
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P., India
D2 analysis revealed immense genetic diversity among 32 advanced lines of chickpea which were grouped into 10 clusters. In general the
genotype grouped together in a single cluster is less divergent than placed in different clusters and clusters, separated by largest distance show
maximum divergence. Cluster II, III, IV, V, VII, VIII, IX and X were mono genotypic, whereas cluster I and VI were poly genotypic. Cluster
I was the largest among all the clusters consisting of 22 genotypes, followed by Cluster VI had 2 genotypes and cluster II, III, IV, V, VII,
VIII, IX and X had only one genotypes each. Cluster I showed highest intra cluster value followed by cluster VI. The highest inter cluster
divergence was observed between genotypes of cluster VIII and cluster IX followed by cluster VIII and cluster X, cluster VII and cluster X,
cluster VII and cluster IX and cluster VI and cluster VIII. Inter cluster distance was lowest between cluster II and cluster III.Cluster VIII
had high mean value for days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, days to pod initiation and days to maturity. Cluster III showed high
mean value for 100 seed weight, plant height, and number of secondary branches per plant and biological yield per plant. Cluster VII showed
high mean value for total number of pods per plant and number of effective pods per plant that means those genotypes had noted high seed
yield per plant.Cluster IX had high mean value for harvest index. Cluster V had high mean value for seeds per pod. Hence, selection for
divergent parents based on these characters would be useful for developing potential hybrids and increasing scope of isolating desirable
recombinants in segregating generation in chickpea.
Keywords: Chickpea, D2 statistics, Genetic diversity, Inter and intra cluster distance
GNRSA-2020/397
EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND MULCHING ON FRUITING, YIELD AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF LITCHI (CV.
ROSE SCENTED) UNDER HIGH DENSITY PLANTING.
MANU TYAGI1
G.B.P.U.A &T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pathankot
The commonly adopted irrigation method viz. flood irrigation causes significant water loss due to run off, seepage, evaporation etc.On the
other hand, Micro-irrigation technique provides a reduction in water consumption by 30-70% with simultaneous augmentation in yield. The
development of suitable drip irrigation levelmay ensure proper growth and development of trees for obtaining higher marketable yields.
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different drip irrigation levels in combination with mulching on fruiting, yield
and quality attributes of litchi (cv. Rose Scented) under high density. During the course of study, litchi plants were subjected to three levels of
drip irrigation i.e. 100 %, 75 % and 50 % of estimated irrigation water requirement, with and without mulching. Among the different
treatment combinations, the treatment MDI3i.e. application of drip irrigation at 100 % level in tandem with mulching was found most
superior over other treatments as well as control. The application of drip irrigation at higher levels in combination with mulching may provide
a great potential for favourable yield and quality over conventional irrigation.
Keywords: cracking, Drip Irrigation, fruit drop, Litchi,Mulching
GNRSA-2020/398
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF RURAL YOUTH IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN SINDHUDURAG DISTRICT OF
MAHARASHTRA STATE
MARTAL, P. B., PATIL, V. G. AND WANOLE, S. N.

Department of Extension Education, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415712. Dist. Ratnagiri. (M.S.)
The study aimed to study the socio-economic profile of rural youth in agricultural activities. The rural youth were actively involved in
different agricultural activities like pre farming operations, sowing operations, intercultural operations, crop cutting and harvesting, animal
husbandry and dairy practices, orchard management and field management etc. The study has been conducted on as ample of 105 rural youth
who were already engaged in agriculture from randomly selected five villages of Sindhudurg district. The data was collected through personal
interview schedule. The ex-post-facto research design was used for the present study. The analysis of data revealed that the majority 50.47
per cent rural youth belonged to ‘younger’ age group, 67.00 per cent rural youth were ‘males, and more than one third (37.14 per cent) of the
rural youth was completed ‘secondary’ level of education.
Keywords: Agricultural, Rural Youth and Activities
GNRSA-2020/399
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MAJOR PESTS IN COTTON
MATRE, Y.B. ZANWAR, P. R., AND DAHE. M.M.,

Department of Agricultural Entomology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Parbhani - 431 402, Maharashtra, India
The investigations on Evaluation of newer insecticides against bollworm complex in cotton were carried out to study population dynamics
of major insect pests and their natural enemies, at Department of Agricultural Entomology, VNMKV, Parbhani during Kharif 2016-17. The
NH-615 cotton variety was used for the study. Experiment of evaluation of insecticides against bollworm complex was conducted in RBD
with three replications and 9 treatments. The data on population of aphid in cotton during Kharif 2016 ranged between 0.45 to 20.65 /three
leaves.The incidence of aphid population per three leaves started from 30th MW (0.45) with its first peak (6.65), second peak (14.45),33 rd,
and40 th MW.The highest incidence in this was recorded in 44 th MW (20.65 aphids/ three leaves). The population fluctuation of jassid per
three leaves in cotton during Kharif 2016 ranged between 1.2 to 20.35.The incidence of jassid population per three leaves started
from31stMW (1.20) with its first peak in 34 th MW (9.80)and second peak in 39 th MW (13.75). The data on population dynamics of thrips per
three leaves in cotton during Kharif 2016 ranged between 0.60 to 36.55. The incidence of thrip population per three leaves started from 31st
MW (0.60) with its first peak in 35th MW (13.95) and second peak in 44th MW(36.55).The population fluctuations of whitefly per three
leaves in cotton during Kha rif 2016 ranged between 0.60 to 28.60and incidence started from 31 st MW (0.60) with its first peak in 47th MW
(28.60). The data on population of E. vitella larvae per plant during Kharif 2016 in cotton ranged between 0.10 to 0.20 and incidence Which
was very low Hence, not described and discussed in the results.The population of H. armigera larvae per plant during Kharif 2016 in cotton
ranged between 0.50 to 6.65 and incidence started from 33 rd MW (0.60) with its first peak in 41st MW (6.75).The data on infestation of
fruiting bodies due to larval population in cotton ranged between 9.38 to 37.17 per cent and infestation started from 31 st MW (4.38 per cent)
with its first peak in 35th MW (28.74 per cent), second peak in 40 th MW (37.17 per cent) and third peak in 45 th MW (31.14 per cent). The
rosette flowers due to pink bollworm in cotton ranged from 13.33 to 28.47 per cent occurring from 42 nd MW. The peak activity of rosette
flowers was noticed from 42nd to 46th MW (highest 28.57 per cent in 44th MW). The data on larval population of P. gossypiella in cotton
ranged between 2.00 to 4.00 larvae/ 20 bolls. The incidence in 40 th MW (90 DAS) was 2.00 larvae / 20 bolls with 10.00 per cent green boll
damage. The peak incidence was noticed in 45 th MW (160 DAS) i.e. 4 larva/20 bolls with 20.00 per cent green boll damage.
GNRSA-2020/400
SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF SUCKING PESTS AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES AND CORRELATION WITH WEATHER
PARAMETERS IN COTTON
MATRE, Y.B. ZANWAR, P. R., AND LAKSHMI, U. J.,
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Parbhani - 431 402, Maharashtra, India
The field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm, Department of Agricultural Entomology, VNMKV, Parbhani during the year
2016-2017 to study the “Evaluation of newer insecticides against sucking pest of Bt cotton”. The data on seasonal incidence of sucking pests
in different meteorological weeks revealed that the sucking pest population was mostly severe from fourth week of August to second week of
December i.e. 34th to 50th MW. In aphids, the first peak with maximum population (36.9 aphids/3 leaves) occur in 42 nd MW. Whereas, the
first peak with maximum of jassids (37.80 jassids/3 leaves), thrips (35.8thrips /3 leaves) and whitefly (22.5 whiteflies /3 leaves) were
occurred during 34th, 42nd and 44th MW, respectively. The data on seasonal incidence on natural enemies in different meteorological weeks
revealed that the natural enemies population was mostly sever from fourth week of August to second week of December i.e., 34 th to 50th.
Whereas, Ladybird beetle (4.80 beetles/ plant) and spiders (2.8 spider/ plant) were occurred during 42 nd and 36th MW respectively. It can be
concluded that there was significant and positive correlation between sucking pests and natural enemies with maximum temperature.
Whereas, non-significant and negative correlation with rainfall, relative humidity (morning and evening) and minimum temperature.
GNRSA-2020/401
DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL SCALE SUGARCANE PEELER
MATTAPARTHI LAKSHMI DURGA
Ph. D. Scholar, ICAR- Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal
Sugarcane is the most common commercial crop grown worldwide, which is grown in tropical and subtropical countries of the world.
Sugarcane is the world’s second largest crop in production with about 188.25 million metric tonnes of cane during 2018-19 and provides 60
to 70% of the world sugar. Sugarcane is a common raw material for sugar and jaggery. As the production is high, the development of sub
products from sugarcane is also high where juice has its equal importance. Additionally, cane juice is mostly used as a “refreshner” during
summer to replace the artificial beverages. The sugarcane juice can be obtained by squeezing through extractors. Apart from that, as per
health point of view many of consumers show more interest on sugarcane juice than other cool drinks. In major countries of South Asia,
sugarcane juice extraction is the main occupation for small scale road side venders. The extracted juice quality can be improved by separating
the sugarcane peel prior to juice extraction. The ancient method of sugarcane peeling is done manually with help of knife. But this method is
more tedious, ineffective and prone to injuries. Moreover, the extracted juice contains a lot of suspended solids and impurities, which affects
the quality, taste and colour due to presence of wax and other plant impurities. To reach the above limitations, a low cost sugarcane peeler for
small scale vendors was developed. The maximum value of machine production efficiency obtained as74.9 % with the peeling capacity of 3
canes per minute.
Keywords: Sugarcane, sugarcane juice, peeler and peeling efficiency.
GNRSA-2020/402
HOW THE DIGITIZATION GAINED IMPORTANCE DURING THE COVID- PANDEMIC AMONG THE FARMERS OF THE
COUNTRY
MEENAKSHI MALIK AND MUKESH SEHGAL
ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi-110012
In this most difficult times of corona pandemic, digital services have provided a breathe of relief to the Indian farmers of the country. The
farmers have been continuously using the digital tools such as Whats up, mails, meetings through zoom platform even. These services have
become and proved immensely valuable at such tough times in connecting farming communities and sharing vital information when physical
gatherings are impossible. All of this has worked so well during this lockdown period that farmers have realised the importance of
digitalisation in agricultural operations and we definitely need greater focus on digital going forward. Even the farmers have become habitual
of using these technologies and now using the technology in no more burden for most of farmers. “Farmers have been using WhatsApp as a
medium to ask crop-specific queries and share details of local demand, as well as connecting farmers to the agents and bulk traders who can
help them to sell their produce though covid-19 has an immediate implication for the farmers who normally sell their harvest to the traders in
bulk at the local markets of the specific areas. It was a great challenge for the farming community to sell their crops due to closing of local
markets in the pandemic. The farmers whether small or large have felt the impact of the virus and are still feeling due to restriction from
travel to the closure of the markets to social distancing requirements. The biggest economic impact has been suffered by the smallholder
farmers and farm workers due to fluctuation in the prices and deeply impacted their lives. But around the world, farming community is doing
everything to prevent the coronavirus crisis from becoming a hunger crisis. The different types and kinds of industries have been forced to
change the working culture in very short span of time and agriculture is no different from this situation.
Keywords: Corona-virus, Farmers, Agriculture, Digital services
GNRSA-2020/403
WOMEN: AN IMPORTANT PART FOR TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FROM LAB TO LAND
The economic growth and technological advancement in India in the current decade is very impressive and the technology, market and
development are considered irrespective of gender. But there is a term urban bias and rural neglect in the development of the country like
India. Women over the years and decades have been always playing a more important role than men, but still of her hard contribution, she is
neglected from the far-front. This is more common in the rural areas of the country. The most essential role played by the Farm women in
management of different kinds of farm and home activities and more recently the social scientists, policy makers, administrators and
politicians have recognized their significant contributions in the development of Plant Protection and agricultural activities. The woman,
being the backbone of Agricultural workforce but worldwide her hard work has mostly been unpaid. The most of the tedious and back
breaking tasks in agriculture are performed by the farm women. They are involved in the production of crop, livestock, horticultural and post-
harvest operations. But also often the women are not considered as the farmer. Her role needs to be identified as she can be the important part
for transfer of technology from lab to land. She needs training support, capacity building with regard to information and technology,
extension advice and so on. Modernization of the economy or advancement of the society is a semi-myth for village women. This paper
identifies the role of a women as an extension worker that how she can help in transferring the tools and techniques to the remotest area.
Keywords: Women, Plant Protection, agricultural activities, Gender
GNRSA-2020/404
WIDER SPREAD OF INTEGRATED PEST MANGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH SMART ICT TOOLS
1
MEENAKSHI MALIK*, MUKESH SEHGAL AND NIMISHA SHARMA
ICAR-IARI- Division of Fruits and Horticulture
In the last years, Information and communication tools have played an important role in the forecasting of pests and diseases in various crops,
which has helped in the huge damage caused to crops as pest forecasting is involved in data acquisition, processing and information
dissemination at various levels. Information and communication technology (ICT), which can be defined as a mixture of fixed and mobile
telephone networks with computer networks or the integration of information technology (IT) and communication technology (CT) is the
latest technology that is being used in the different sectors of the country and gained and marked its importance. The area of Plant Protection
in agriculture sector is also untouched from this alarming technology. This paper presents and discusses the development and use of ICT,
various smart tools developed in the area of Plant protection. The techniques of Pest monitoring have laid a foundation for the issue of
warnings at the early stage, development and validation of pest forecasting models and decision support systems to the farmers and extension
workers which is the most crucial and important factor for the design and implementation of successful integrated pest management program.
The insect pest monitoring using various tools such as sex pheromone and light traps, pest simulation models, decision support systems,
expert system is the need of an hour. In the developing country like India, there is a strong need to establish more focused pest forecasting
through models and decision support system for a specific crop and a specific location.
Keywords: ICT, Pest forecasting models, Pest simulation models, decision support systems, Expert systems
GNRSA-2020/405
UNDERSTANDING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: ITS ROLE AND POTENTIAL IN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF
INSECT – PEST AND DISEASES IN DIFFERENT CROPS IN INDIA
Indian farmers, over the decades have learnt to grow food and to survive in hard environment, where rich culture of ITK hasbeen interlinked
with the agricultural practices followed by the farm men and women. India is rich in historical and traditional farming systems because of
diversification in agro-ecological habitats populated by distinctnative groups who have been practicing age-old farming in specific locations
since years and generations. It helps to encompass the skill and experience and practiced to improve the livelihood and betterment of of the
people. Indigenous technical/traditional knowledge (ITK) is as defined is a community, local and rural in origin that has been used in
management of insect-pest and diseases of plants from past many years The ITKs most are still not as popular in the different parts of the
country but are very well known for their eco-friendly and sustainable nature.The promotion and awareness of the indigenous technological
knowledge applied in pest management is required at a larger scale. This review paper brings out the several ITKs used in the management
of various pests and diseases across the country in the area of plant protection. The transfer of ITK was mostly found to be through past
generations and the use of ITK is more popular in the subsistence farmers and semi-commercial farmers as compared to the commercial
farmers.
Keywords: ITKs, Plant Protection, Pest Management, Community
GNRSA-2020/406
STUDY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF CUSTARD APPLE (ANNONA SQUAMOSA L.) VAR.
ARKA SAHAN BY POST-HARVEST TREATMENT DURING STORAGE
MEGHA PATIDAR1*AND JYOTI KANWAR1
College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (M.P.) – 458001, India
A laboratory experiment was conducted on “Study of physico-chemical quality and shelf life of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) var.
Arka Sahan by post-harvest treatment during storage” at department of fruit science, KNK college of horticulture, Mandsaur. The purpose of
the study to ensure that the effect of post harvest treatments during storage period can enhance the shelf life and improve the quality of
custard apple fruits. Experiment was statistically designed in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. There were three
components with 13 treatment combinations i.e. Calcium chloride at 2.0%, 4.0% and 6.0%, Benzyl adenine at 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm,
Chitosan at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and their combination and control. The treated fruits were evaluated for physiological (PLW, Maximum fruit
length, fruit diameter, fruit volume, specific gravity, marketable fruits and spoilage fruits), Biochemical constituents (TSS, total sugar,
reducing sugar, non reducing sugar, titrable acidity and ascorbic acid) and organoleptic (colour, taste, flavour and appearance) during storage.
The study concluded that higher treatment combination (CaCl 2 6% + BA 150ppm + Chitosan 1.5%) treated fruits overall performed best and
enhanced the shelf life of custard apple fruits by 12 days at ambient room temperature with good quality as compared to control. An
immediate consequence is a raise of the product’s price. Hence, it is necessary to develop a technology which enables to extend the sugar
apple postharvest shelf life, reaching the consumer with good sensory qualities and available at compensatory prices by the application of
edible coatings.
Key words: Custard apple, Coating, shelf life, Arka Sahan
GNRSA-2020/407
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SAPOTA [Manilkara achras (Mill.) Forsberg]
Cv. KALIPATTI
MHASKE A. M., VIRKAR A. M., BHADKE T.G. AND S. G. PATIL

College of Agriculture, Badnapur, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani - 431402 (M.S.) India.
The experiment entitled, Effect of plant growth regulators on yield and quality of sapota [Manilkara achras (Mill.) Forsberg] Cv. Kalipatti
was carried out in Fruit Research Station, Himayatbagh, Aurangabad during 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block
Design with three replications and ten treatments. During investigation the sapota trees were sprayed with different plant growth regulator
treatments viz. T1 i.e. SADH 50 ppm, T2 i.e. SADH 100 ppm, T3 i.e. SADH 150 ppm, T4 i.e. NAA 150 ppm, T5 i.e. NAA 200 ppm, T6 i.e.
NAA 250 ppm, T7 i.e. GA3 50 ppm, T8 i.e. GA3 100 ppm, T9 i.e. GA3 150 ppm and T10 i.e. control. The effects of these treatments were noted
on fruit quality and yield attributes of sapota. The results of experimentation confirmed the efficiency of plant growth regulators for better
fruit growth attributes, yield and quality of sapota variety kalipatti. The study revealed that GA 3 at 150 ppm significantly increased the fruit
size and yield of the fruits and GA3 at 100 ppm significantly increased the quality of fruits. Among various concentrations of plant growth
regulators, the treatment GA3 at 150 ppm was found significantly superior over all other treatments.
Key words: Sapota, Growth regulators and yield
GNRSA-2020/408
PADDY-CUM-FISH FARMING UNDER EAST GARO HILLS CONDITION
MILIND B KATARE* AND BRIJENDRA SINGH

KrishiVigyan Kendra, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya-794111 Under Central Agicultural University, Imphal, India
The East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya has gifted with great resources of natural water bodies. Utilization of these resources to poor
farmers becomes a real challenge due to expensive farming inputs such as high cost of fish feedthat led to low technology adoption.During
2018-2020, strategies have been taken up for doubling farmer incometo increase the adoption of Paddy-Cum -Fish farming
technologythrough different kinds of land shaping i.e. center pond (size: 0.1 ha and 0.75m depth)and/orperipheral trenches (size 1m width
and 0.75m depth) in rice field. The efforts havebeen taken throughRice-Cum-Fish culture and to evaluate the growth performance of the
common carp in rice fields of the district. After 30 days of rice plantation, Common carp fingerlings of average weight 10gm were
stocked@5000nos/haevery year into preparedpaddy-Cum-Fish models. The fishes were reared for 190 days without supplementary feeding
intothe rice fields of 11progressive farmers.Approximately, average Paddy yields (120days) were 23.20q/ha crop in addition with 791. 62kg
average fish production in rice-fish system.In rice-alone cultureof non-beneficiary farmers alsoyieldedaverage23.20q/ha rice crop but without
additional income. Furthermore, well fertilized pond culture system of non-beneficiary farmer’s yielded significantly loweraverage 458.89kg
fish productionthan Rice-Fish based integrated system. This clearly indicated that thefarmers who adopted the technology utilizing more
"packages' of practices with better return from their plots through enhancing production, productivity, income and employment. In addition to
income, Rice-Fish based integrated system addressing the key challenges like drainage congestion and scarcity of fresh water for irrigation.
Our findings suggest that rice cum fish cultures without feeding are economically feasible and therefore,greatly recommendable to small
scale farmers for doubling their income. This study can provide the platform to future agricultural and aquaculture management practices of
the district to help improve the existing production capacity and reduce pressure of inexpensive fish feed.
Key Words:Paddy-Cum-Fish farming, East Garo Hills, Integrated System, Common Carp
GNRSA-2020/409
DEMONSTRATION OF EFFECT OF FERTILIZER, WATER, ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON OKRA VARIETY IN SATNA
DISTRICT
MINAKSHI SINGH BAGHEL 1*, DR. SUDHAKAR PRASHAD MISHRA 2*

M.Sc. Ag.(Biochemistry), Department of Agriculture Crop Science University- Mahatma Gandhi Gramoday University, Chitrakoot, Distt. -
SATNA (M.P.)
National Agricultural Research System (NARS) of India comprising Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and State Agricultural
Universities (SAUs) is entrusted with evelopment of high yielding, high quality and climate resilient varieties suited to different agro climatic
conditions of the country along with matching production and protection technologies has taken several initiatives through its 26 and 30
commodity/theme based research institutes and crop specific All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs) and All India Network
Projects to enhance productivity of different crops. The present paper discusses the genesis of AICRPs in field crops, their organizational set
up and operation, variety release and notification mechanisms, outputs and outcomes. Multi-disciplinary and multi-location approach and
success of first All India Coordinated Maize Improvement Project established in 1958, led to establishment of 25 crop based All India
Coordinated Crop Improvement Projects (AICCIPs) and 2 All India Network Projects (AINPs) eginning with wheat (1963) and rice (1965).
Later on, AICCIP was rechristened as All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP). The AICRPs served as platform for analysing G x E
interaction leading to identification of stable potential genotypes and played an important role in the development of 4,365 varieties of field
crops along with efficient crop management technologies suitable for diverse agro-climatic conditions. Of these, during XII plan (2013-17),
688 varieties comprising 390 of cereals, 112 of oilseeds, 88 of pulses, 52 of fibres, 25 of forages and 24 of sugarcane were developed.
Development of high yielding, stress (biotic and abiotic) tolerant, location specific varieties with matching production/protection
technologies, enhanced availability of quality seed, their adoption coupled with enabling policies, excellent service support and innovative
farmers resulted into spectacular increase in cereals, pulses and oilseeds production since the inception of AICRPs and Value for Cultivation
and Use (VCU). Food production rose from 68.76 million tonnes (1958-60) to 255.32 million tonnes (2018-19) and oilseed production from
9.66 million tonnes (1967) to 30.9 million tonnes (2018-19), increase was 272 % and 205.5%, respectively, a testimony to the spectacular
success of AICRPs and VCU system in India.
Keywords: Key words: AICRP, Food production, Field crops, Network project, Oilseeds, Value for cultivation and use.
GNRSA-2020/410
GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN TURNIP (BRASSICA RAPA VAR. RAPIFERA L.)
MIR TABASUM ASHRAF, SHAHNAZ MUFTI, RAKSHANDA ANAYAT, BASEERAT AFROZA, FOUZEA NISAR AND
AASIYA NABI.
Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar-190025
The present investigation was carried out at Vegetable experimental field SKAUST-K, Shalimar during Rabi 2019. The experiment was
carried out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for each genotype. Twenty-eight genotypes were evaluated
for nineteen quantitative traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among all the genotypes for all the traits studied. The
maximum root yield/ha was recorded in Nageen (470.66 q/ha) followed by SKAU-T-4 (462.00 q/ha) and SKAU-T-3 (402.33q/ha). The
lowest root yield/ha was recorded in SKAU-T-23 (182.66 q/ha) followed by SKAU-T-22 (190.66 q/ha). The phenotypic coefficient of
variation values were vaguely higher than corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation values which could be due to selective influence
of environment in trait expression. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for
total root weight (28.29 and 28.17) and root yield/ha (28.24 and 28.12). High heritability along with high genetic gain was recorded for most
of the characters viz., seedling dry weight (0.94 and 48.18), seedling fresh weight (0.69 and 27.48), root breadth (0.86 and 29.77), total plant
weight (0.97 and 54.780), total root weight (0.99 and 57.79), total shoot weight (0.89 and 47.34), root shoot ratio (0.74 and 26.87), root
compactness (0.69 and 35.88), root yield/ha (0.99 and 57.69), leaf area (0.98 and 23.43). The selection for these traits will be effective as the
high values of heritability along with genetic gain are due to additive gene action. The economic trait viz., root yield/ha was positively and
significantly associated with traits such as leaf length, leaf breadth, root length, root breadth, plant length, leaves/plant, total plant weight,
total root weight, total shoot weight, root shoot ratio, root compactness, harvest index and leaf area. Path coefficient analysis depicted
positive direct effect of traits viz., root length, root breadth, leaves/plant, total plant weight, total root weight, total shoot weight, root shoot
ratio, root compactness on root yield/ha indicating that the traits should be taken into consideration while selection. Mahalanobis D 2 statistics
grouped the twenty-eight genotypes into five clusters viz., cluster I with seventeen genotypes followed by cluster II with six genotypes,
cluster III with three genotypes and cluster IV and V with one genotype each. Maximum intracluster distance was observed in cluster II
(179.19).The maximum intercluster distance was recorded between cluster IV and V (1518.63) followed by distance between cluster III and
V (996.20). The percent contribution of traits towards total genetic divergence revealed that total root weight (33.86%) was maximum
contributing trait followed by leaf area (26.23%). Hence during selection, the genotypes with desirable traits to be used as parents in
hybridization should be selected from the clusters with maximum inter-cluster distance and these genotypes should show maximum
contribution to total divergence.
Key words: Brassica rapa var. rapifera, divergence, correlation, heritability, genetic gain.
GNRSA-2020/411
DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY CHARACTERIZATION OF TURNIP (BRASSICA RAPA VAR. RAPIFERA
L.) GENOTYPES.
MIR TABASUM ASHRAF, SHAHNAZ MUFTI, FAHEEMA MUSHTAQ, ZAHED- ULLAH

Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar-190025
Turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapifera L.) (2n=2x=20) belongs to the family Brassicaceae. A study was carried out during rabi 2019 on DUS
characterization of turnip genotypes to establish distinctness, uniformity and stability. Observations were recorded on ten DUS traits viz., leaf
colour, leaf margins, colour of upper portion of root, colour of lower portion of root, flesh colour, root shape, core colour, pithiness, root
branching and pungency as per guidelines of PPV & FR authority (PPV&FR , 2001). The genotypes used in the study, upon categorization
showed variation with respect to vegetative and root characters. A wide range of variation was found among the genotypes for various
morphological traits. Among various characters taken into consideration during the present study, traits viz., leaf colour, colour of upper
portion of root, colour of lower portion of root, root shape and pungency showed maximum variation.
Key words: Turnip, Brassica rapa var. rapifera L., DUS characterization, genotypes.
GNRSA-2020/412
MOLECULAR MARKERS AND ITS APPLICATION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MOHAMMAD AMIN KHAN1 AND MOHAMMAD ABDURRAHMAN2

1
Integral University, Lucknow; 2Yuvodaya Collage Bolangir Odisha
Molecular markers have now become an important tool in crop improvement. The development and use of molecular markers for the
detection and exploitation of DNA polymorphism is one of the most significant developments in the field of molecular genetics. The presence
of various types of molecular markers, and differences in their principles, methodologies and applications require careful consideration in
choosing one or more of such methods. DNA markers should be a highly polymorphic nature, co-dominant inheritance, frequent occurrence
in genome, selective neutral behavior, easy and fast assay. Furthermore, it must have easy access (availability), high reproducibility, and easy
exchange of data between laboratories. It is extremely difficult to find a molecular marker which can meet all the above criteria. However,
depending on the type of study to be undertaken, marker systems can be identified that would fulfill at least a few of the above characteristics.
Various types of molecular markers are utilized to evaluate DNA polymorphism generally classified as hybridization-based markers and
PCR-based markers. In the former, DNA profiles are visualized by hybridizing the restriction enzyme-digested DNA to a labeled probe, a
DNA fragment of known origin or sequence. At the same time, PCR-based markers involve in vitro amplification of particular DNA
sequences or loci with the help of specifically or arbitrarily chosen oligo-nucleotide sequences (primers) and a thermo-stable DNA
polymerase enzyme. The amplified fragments are separated electro-phoretically and the banding patterns are detected by different methods
such as staining and autoradiography. Their application for diverse purposes has opened up a multitude of new possibilities in the field of
molecular biology. However, No molecular markers are available yet that fulfill all requirements needed by researchers. In this article we
attempt to discuss most of the available DNA markers that can be routinely employed in various aspects of plant genome analysis such as
characterization of genetic variability, genome fingerprinting, genome mapping, gene localization, analysis of genome evolution, population
genetics, taxonomy, plant breeding, anddiagnostics.
Key words: AFLP-DArT-ISSR-polymerase chain reaction-RAPD-RFLP-SNP-SSR
GNRSA-2020/413
CELLULAR ENGINEERING OF VENTURIA SPP.TO UNDERSTAND HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTIONBY GENOME
EDITING USING CRISPER/CAS9
MOHAMMAD SALEEM DAR* MUSHTAQ AHMAD*, B.A. PADDER*, M.D.SHAH*, N. A. BHAT*, F. A. AHANGER*
*Plant pathology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, J and K, India.
Genome engineering a toolbox have been applied to Venturiaspp. becauseof an important plant pathogens, causing economic losson fruit
cropssignificantly. It is a model pathosystem to study the host–pathogen interactions, fungicide resistance, important pathogenicity genes,
biochemical pathwaysetc. because of wide hostrange and population geneticdiversity. Therefore an efficient genome editing toolsfor these
studiesare required.Knowledge of DNA repair mechanisms are being harnessed for genome engineering recent past.In past few years, gene
silencing caused by antisense andsense RNA constructs, mediated through agrobacterium mediated transformation, were dominant system to
studyVenturia genetics and plant–pathogen interaction, however, CRISPR-Cas9 systemprecisely replaces the targeted gene(s) by completely
knockout or knock-in and partial knockdowns. Currently, the orthogonality of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat
(CRISPR)RNA- guided Cas9nucleases and simplicity of the guide RNA(gRNA) design for directing Cas9-mediated DSBs has attracted
significant attention.Consequently, the CRISPR-Cas9 system provide a powerful tool to study pathogenicity genes in Venturia-host
pathosystems.In S. cerevisiae, first successful report of efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated single gene knock-out and knock-in, using double-
stranded oligos (dsOligos) centered around the target PAM sequence for homology-directed DSB repair. Importance of CRISPR/Cas9 for
both basic and advanced research to understand the functional genomics and metabolic engineering and will significantly improve the
understanding of the host-pathogen interaction ofVenturia species and mining of pathogenicity genes.
Keywords: Venturia species, CRISPR-Cas9, Genome editing, host-pathogen interaction, functional genomics.
GNRSA-2020/414
MICROBIAL INOCULANTS: TOOLS FOR IMPROVING SOIL AND CROP HEALTH
MOHAMMAD YASEEN
Department of Agriculture Sciences, GLA University, Mathura- 281 406, India
Agriculture is the major economic sector of country involving more than 50 % of the population. World crop productivity is declined
continuously due to soil moisture depletion, low nutrient status, erosion hazard, change in pH, phosphorus fixation problem, reduction in soil
organic matter, aluminum toxicity, infestation of pest, diseases, weeds and loss of soil biodiversity that induced the green revolution
agriculture. Green revolution involves use of high yielding varieties and heavily and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers,
pesticides, herbicides etc. have led to low agricultural productivity, low soil fertility, unfavorable economic returns, soil damage, loss of
biodiversity and serious environmental hazards as well as promotes the accumulation of toxic compounds in soils which cause a deleterious
effect on the soil and crop health. A reliable alternative to the use of chemical inputs is microbial inoculants (natural-based and eco-friendly
beneficiary microorganisms) that can act as bio-fertilizers, bio-herbicide, bio-pesticides and bio-control agents. Microbial inoculants could
include bacteria like rhizobium, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and algae. These
microbial inoculants possess the capacity to improve availability and uptake of soil nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium as well as
control pests, diseases, weeds and support the health of soil and plants to promote sustainable yield. Microbial inoculants are applied to either
the soil or the plant in order to improve crop productivity and soil health by supplying plant nutrients in a more sustainable manner. Hence
these strategies are safe and sustainable in the long-run has therefore gained attention of many agriculturist and researchers.
GNRSA-2020/415
EVALUATION OF NEWLY DEVELOPED RESTORER GENE POOL INBREDS FOR FERTILITY RESTORING AND
MAINTAINING BEHAVIOURS IN TWO DIVERSE CMS SOURCES OF SUNFLOWER
1
MOHAN, D., 2MEENA, H. P., 3SANDHYA, G. AND 1PAYASI, S.K.
1
College of Agriculture, Rewa, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
2
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State
3
Agricultural College, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh
Worldwide production of cultivated hybrid sunflower presently utilizes only the PET-1 source of cytoplasmic male sterility. The use of one
sterile cytoplasm creates a high degree of genetic vulnerability. The present study was conducted to identify new fertility restorer for
two diverse cytoplasmic male sterile sources i.e., PET-1 (COSF-6A, COSF-7A, CMS-38A, ARM-248A) and CMS PEF (FMS-852A).
Five CMS lines were crossed with newly developed drought tolerant 10 inbred lines in Line x Tester fashion and evaluation of test cross
progenies was conducted. The presence or absence of pollen in F1s was recorded in the field whereas pollen fertility was confirmed in the
laboratory by acetocarmine staining test. All the inbreds were categorized into complete, partial restorer and maintainer through cytological
observation. Six inbreds viz.,RGP-157, RGP-184, RGP-190, RGP-223, RGP-225 and RGP-233 behaved common restorer for all the CMS
lines and restored the fertility, while RGP-222 and 298R inbreds maintained sterility. The second CMS line FMS-852A, was maintained by 4
inbreds indicating involvement of different gene(s), while six inbreds RGP-157, RGP-184, RGP-190, RGP-223, RGP-225 and RGP-233 were
restored its fertility. None of the inbred was behaved as partial restorers for any of the CMS lines. The range of fertility restoration in
different cross combinations was between 91.4 and 97.4 per cent. In the present study 80 per cent frequency of pollen fertility was reported
for PET-1. However, only 60 per cent frequency of pollen fertility was observed for CMS F. From the study it was evident that among the
two CMS sources, restorers for PET-1 and PEF are available. Efforts should be made to utilize of CMS PEF for production of more
productive sunflower hybrids resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Keywords: CMS sources, Inbreds, Maintainer, Restorer, Sunflower
GNRSA-2020/416
GENETICS ANALYSIS FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA
(L.) CZERN. & COSS.]
1
MOHD SALMAN, 2MAHAK SINGH AND 3AMIT TOMAR
1
2
3
Kanpur, during rabi season 2017-19. 7-parents/strains (Maya, Basanti, PM-28, PM-29, PM-30, Rohini and Kanti) were crossed in diallel
mating design. (excluding reciprocal crosses) 28 genotypes (21 F1 + 7 parents) were evaluated for 10 characters viz,. days to 50% flowering,
days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm), number of siliquae per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number
of secondary branches per plant, oil content (%), 1000-seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Analysis of variance revealed that the
genotypes were genetically differ to each for all the characters. The estimates of heritability (narrow sense) were observed high for the
characters varied from 21.86 for number of primary branches per plant to 83.81 for days to maturity. As per calculation the high heritability
were recorded for all the characters. The high value were found days to maturity (83.81%) followed by oil content (82.89%), days to 50%
flowering, seed yield per plant (79.02%), 1000-seed weight (72.23%), number of secondary branches per plant (69.15%), plant height
(68.59%), number of siliquae per plant (45.86%), length of main raceme (41.13%) and number of primary branches per plant (21.86%). The
genetic advance in percent over mean was estimated for all the 10 characters which ranged from 1.85% number of siliquae per plant to
11.63% for number of secondary branches per plant. The high values were found number of secondary branches per plant (11.63%) followed
by days to 50% flowering (11.19%), seed yield per plant (10.86%), 1000-seed weight (10.17%), days to maturity (7.44%), oil content
(5.66%), plant height (5.48%), length of main raceme (4.76%), number of primary branches per plant (4.75%) and number of siliquae per
plant (1.85%). Correlation coefficient analysis in the present investigation is also carried out in F 1's generation. Significant positive
correlations are founds in Seed yield per plant have positive association with plant height, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per
plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, oil content and 1000-seed weight at both genotypic and
phenotypic level.
Key words: Brassica Juncea, Indian Mustard, Quantitative traits, Heritability, and Diallel Mating Design .
GNRSA-2020/417
FARMERS PRODUCER ORGANIZATION (FPO): EMPOWERING INDIAN FARMING COMMUNITY
MOHD. AMEER KHAN , JITENDRA PRATAP AND RIYAJ AHMED SIDDIQUE AND PRASHANT M GEDAM
College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVBP University of Agri. & Tech., Meerut (U.P.)
The contribution of agriculture in GDP has declining recent past from 50 per cent in 1950 to 16.5 per cent in 2019-20. In current Covid-19
pandemic, this is the only sector which is contributed positively with 3.4 per cent growth in both the first quarter of the financial year 2020-
21. Farmers face different challenges such as scarcity of land and water sources, impassable roads, unavailability of better financial services
and new technologies. Government wants to double the farmers’ income in 2022-23 by addressing the challenges of farm sector. The
government affirmed that farmer producer organizations (FPO) are the most appropriate institutional form around which farmers can
mobilize and build their capacity to collectively leverage their production and marketing strength. The members of FPOs are small holder
farmers who organize themselves with the objective of improving farm income through improved production, marketing, and local
processing activities. New technologies and marketing practices have not been practiced by most of the FPOs in India. The government
should promote the FPOs at the policy intervention for sustenance of their members.
GNRSA-2020/418
GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR SOME METRIC TRAITS RELATED TO SEED YIELD IN INDIAN MUSTARD [(BRASSICA
JUNCEA (L.) CZERN & COSS]
1
MOHD. SALMAN, 2MAHAK SINGH AND 3AMIT TOMAR
1,2
3
An experiment was carried out at Oilseed Research Farm Kalyanpur, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The
experiment consisted of ten parents, 45 F1s and 45 F2s and was laid out in a completely randomized block design in three replications during
Rabi 2013-15. The observations were recorded on twelve traits namely, Days to flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height, Leaf area index,
Number of primary branches, Number of secondary branches, Number Siliqua/plant, Number of seeds/siliqua, Seed yield/plant, 1000-seed
weight, Harvest index & Oil content. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for parents, F 1s and F2s for all the twelve
characters under study revealing high level of genetic variability among treatments for all the traits. The genetic variance due to both additive
(Dˆ ) and dominance ( Hˆ 1 & Hˆ 2 ) components were significant for all the traits based on both the generations. Over dominance was
observed for leaf area index, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, harvest index and oil content based on both the
generations. It was partial dominance for days to flowering, days to maturity and plant height based on F 1s only. Seed yield per plant in F1
generation showed complete dominance. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed highly significant values both for gca and sca
variances. Parents Rohini, Varuna, and Pusa Basant were found good general combiner for seed yield per plant and Varuna, Rohini and RH30
for high oil content. The cross combinations namely; Varuna x Rohini, Varuna x Ashirvad and RH30 x Jawahar were found superior for seed
yield per plant. Cross combinations namely, Varuna x Rohini, Varuna x Ashirvad and RH30 x Jawahar 1 showed heterotic effects more than
ten per cent in desirable direction over superior and mid parents. Seed yield per plant showed positive and significant association with
primary branches, secondary branches, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight, harvest index and oil content. Seed yield per plant and
oil content showed high heritability estimates along with high genetic advance. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic
advance were observed for days to flowering and 1000-seed weight while other traits showed differential estimates in both the generations.
GNRSA-2020/419
PROPAGATION STRATEGIES TOWARDS CONSERVATION OF PARIS POLYPHYLLA SMITH: ANIMPORTANT HIGH
VALUE HIMALAYAN MEDICINAL HERB
MOHD. TARIQ
Email: tariq.du14@gmail.com
An efficient and highly reproducible in vitro propagation protocol(Biotechnological technique)of Paris polyphylla Smith, an over-exploited
medicinal plant and source of steroidal saponin, has been developed using rhizomal bud, followed by transfer of plants into pots, assessing
the genetic stability of the regenerated plants and reintroduction in the field. During the process of protocol development, of all the Plant
Growth Regulator combinations tried, ½ Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 μM BAP, 0.1 μM NAA and 0.1 μM GA 3
resulted better response (average shoot length: 2.88±0.38 cm; shoot number: 4.33±0.33; root length: 4.11±0.30 cm and root number:
7.66±0.66) after 10-12 weeks of inoculation. The protocol was found to be reproducible when individually separated shoots were transferred
again onto the same medium. Attempts were also made to screen the in vitro raised plantlets of P. polyphylla for variations, if any, using
RAPD markers and identical profiles of band pattern both for in vitro raised and corresponding mother plants. This protocol developed for
can be a very effective method for multiplication of elite and/or high yielding plants not only for conservation but also to meet the ever-
increasing demand of plant propagules for commercial cultivation of this demanding medicinal plant.
GNRSA-2020/420
SELECTING SUITABLE WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETY FOR GORAKHPUR AND DEORIA REGION THROUGH
NORMALIZED CUMULATIVE RANKS
MOHIT YADAV1, SHRI NIWAS SINGH1, TARKESHWAR2*, ROHIT KUMAR SAHU1, KAMLESH KUMAR1 AND PRAVEEN
KUMAR YADAV1
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Baba Raghav Das Post Graduate College, Deoria (U.P.) - 274 001, India
2
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya
(U.P.) – 224 229, India
An experiment was conducted at Centre for Research and Development (CRD), GaunarUsaraha, Gorakhpur during rabi 2017-18 in normal
soil, timely sown and irrigated conditions to find out better genotype among available stock for Gorakhpur and Deoria region. Total eighteen
Wheat (T. aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated on various under Randomized Block Design through NCR (Normalized Cumulative Rank)
analysis. The results revealed that genotype HPST-16-17-6 is found superior followed by HPST-16-17-17 based on their ranks. Further, these
genotypes can also be used in wheat breeding programmes as parent material for desired trait. The result also shows that HPST-16-17-6 is
more close to the ideal plant type in comparison to HPST-16-17-17. Hence, the variety HPST-16-17-6 could be further improved by paying
attention to its days to 50% flowering.
Keywords: Normalized cumulative rank, bread wheat, grain yield, variability.
GNRSA-2020/421
WASTE COTTON CLOTH AS STARTING MATERIAL FOR THE DESIGNING OF ZNONPS IMMOBILIZED
NANOCATALYST FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BIS(PYRAZOL-5-OL)
MONIKA GUPTA*
*Department of chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006
Sustainability has become a countersign and guiding rule for current field of nanocatalysis. Herein, we report the cost-effective, green, clean
and proficient process for the fromation of cheap and earth-abundant Zinc oxide immobilized adenine functionalized carbon nanocatalyst
(ZnO@AC) derived from garment industry waste (waste cotton cloth). The size and morphology of ZnO@AC was systematically
characterized by FEG-SEM and HRTEM. XRD explains the polycrystalline nature of ZnO. Studying the infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)
confirmed the functionalization of carbon by adenine. The uniform dispersion of ZnO was explained by elemental mapping, furthermore,
TGA confirmed the superior thermal stability of adenine functionalized carbon (AC). The optical property of the prepared catalyst was
authenticated by photoluminescence analysis from where the band gap was also calculated. Due to adenine functionality, catalyst provides
consistent dispersion of ZnO and provide catalytically active sites for the synthesis of bis(pyrazol-5-ol) without notable mass-transfer
limitation. Moreover, the catalyst was recyclable and could be reused up to 8 runs making it more sustainable.
GNRSA-2020/422
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NANOPARTICLE IN FOOD: A REVIEW
MONIKA, RAKESH GEHLOT, REKHA, RITUSINDHU

Centre of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Natural food antimicrobials are bioactive compounds that inhibit the growth of microorganisms involved in food spoilage or food-borne
illness. However, stability issues result in degradation and loss of antimicrobial activity. Nanoencapsulation allows protection of
antimicrobial food agents from unfavorable environmental conditions and incompatibilities. Encapsulation of food antimicrobials control
delivery increasing the concentration of the antimicrobials in specific areas and the improvement of passive cellular absorption mechanisms
resulted in higher antimicrobial activity. This paper reviews the present state of the art of the nanostructures used as food antimicrobial
carriers including nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, nanoparticles, and nanofibers.
Keywords: Antimicrobials, Antioxidants, Nanoliposomes, Nanoemulsion, Nanotubes
GNRSA-2020/423
PROFILE OF SELF-HELP GROUP MEMBERS IN AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES
*MORE A. G. LADE A. H. AND KHARGE A.P.

Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani - 431 402, India
The present study was conducted with specific objective to study the “Participation of Self-help group members in agriculture and allied
activities” for the study two talukas viz. Parbhani and Selu were selected Purposively from Parbhani District and Three villages from each
taluka were selected purposively, from each village ten respondents were selected. Ex-Post-Facto research design was used for the research
study. A well-structured questionnaire designed for study was used for collecting the data from respondents through personal interview
method. The data collections from the respondents were edited tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical tools like frequency,
percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. The majority (54.17%) of the women were from young age
group and one-fourth (30.00%) of were illiterate, majority (95.83%) of the respondents were from marginal land holding, more than half
(62.5%) of were from joint family, more than half (74.17%) of respondents were highest cast category, less than one-fourth of (28.33%) of
respondent were engaged in cultivation, majority (89.2%) of respondents were medium level of annual income, less than half (57.50%) of
degree of market orientation, more than half (62.5%) of medium exposure to mass media, more than half (62.50%) degree of risk orientation,
slightly less than half (59.26%) of sources of information, (45.84%) of medium level knowledge.
Key words: Self Help group (SHG), Participation
GNRSA-2020/424
CONSTRAINTS FACED BY MEMBERS OF SELF-HELP GROUP AND INVITE THEIR SUGGESTION TO
OVERCOME THESE CONSTRAINTS
MORE A.G., * EKALE J.V. AND KHARGE A. P.
The present study conducted in two talukas viz. Parbhani and Selu were selected Purposively from Parbhani District and Three villages from
each taluka were selected purposively, from each village ten respondents were selected. The study ““Participation of Self-help group
members in agriculture and allied activities” conducted namely Wadgao, Pimpalgao, Pedgao, Rawalgao, Dhanegao, Rawalgao, Kundi. The
constituting total sample size is 120 respondents. The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of structured interview
schedule. The data were tabulated, analysed and interpreted. Distribution of respondents according to on the basis of performance of women
SHG in agriculture and allied activities. The Ex-Post-Facto research design was used for the research study.
Key words: Self-Help Group (SHG), Constraints, respondents.
GNRSA-2020/425
SAMETI: EFFORTS FOR SKILL UP-GRADATION OF FIELD FUNCTIONARIES
SARITA1 EESHWAR SAHU2 AND PREETI SAHU3

Department of Agriculture Extension, Department of Fruit Science and Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Raipur- (C.G.)
State Agricultural Management And Extension Training Institute (SAMETI) is the state level Institutional mechanism for extension provided
under Extension Reforms Scheme for catering the training and Human Resource Development needs of Extension functionaries. SAMETI
registered under Societies Registration Act, 1860 has been functioning as an autonomous body from the year 2000 after up-gradation of
Agricultural Staff Training Institute (ASTI). The Mandate of SAMETI To provide need-based consultancy services to ATMA. To organized
the HRD activities for the stakeholders of ATMA district of the state.To distribute funds to the ATMA districts for organizing the district
level activities.To guide the SREP co-ordinators in implementation of ATMA. The Objectives of SAMETI to provide extension management
input for extension functionaries of agricultural and allied departments. To develop systematic linkages between the allied departments, state
universities and regional and national institutes of outstanding accomplishments in the field of agriculture. To study the Agricultural
Extension Management Systems and policies together with operational problems and constraints at all levels. To organize need based
trainings for developing skills of all extension functionaries. The function of SAMETI is organizing need based training programmes for
middle level extension functionaries. Training Programmes SAMETI has been organizing different types of training Programmes viz.
technical, managerial, off campus training Programmes and other trainings of various schemes of the department entrusted by the Director of
Agriculture. PGDAEM PROGRAMME DAESI PROGRAMME.
Keywords: SAMETI, effort, skill, field, functionaries.
GNRSA-2020/426
FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS (FFS) IN VIEW
SARITA,1EESHWAR SAHU2AND PREETISAHU3

Department of Agriculture Extension, Department of Fruit Science and Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Raipur (C.G) India.
The term ‘Farm field school’ or ‘ Producers’ Farmer Field School come from the Indonesian word SekolahLapangan meaning School
Field.The first field school were established in 1989 in central Java, Indonesia to test and developed IPPM (Integrated Program Performance
Management) of rice crops mainly with the assistance of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) rural development projects and based on
the methodology of Non-Formal Education (NFE) for adults.The basic concept of Farmers Field School isIf I hear it, I forget itIf I see it, I
remember itIf I discover it, I own it for life.Farmer Field Schools (FFS) is described as a platform and “school without walls” for improving
decision making capacity of farming communities and stimulating local innovation for sustainable agriculture.It is a participatory approach to
extension, whereby farmers are given opportunity of make a choice in the methods of production through discovery are based approach.A
Field School is a Group Extension Method based on adult education method. It is a “school without walls” that teaches basic agro- ecology
and management skills that make farmers in their own farms.It is a composed of group of farmers who meet regularly during the course of the
growing season to experiment as group with new production options.Typically FFS groups have 25-35 farmers. After the training period,
farmers continue to meet and share information, with less contact with extensions.
Keywords: Farmer Field School, View.
GNRSA-2020/427
USE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION CENTRE (ATIC) SERVICES BY FARMERS IN RAIPUR
DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH
SARITA,1EESHWAR SAHU2AND PREETISAHU3

Department of Agriculture Extension, Department of Fruit Science and Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Raipur (C.G) India.
The Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC) may be a ‘single window’ network linking with various units of an exploration
institute (Teaching Research and Extension) with intermediary users and end-users (Farmers) in higher cognitive process and problem-
solving exercises on various aspects of agriculture and allied practices. the thing of the current study was to search out out the extent of the
use of Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC) by Farmers. The sample comprised of randomly selected 80 respondents from 6
villages of three blocks of Raipur district of Chhattisgarh state who were regularly involved with the ATIC functionaries for the last 5 years.
Personal interview technique was used for data collecting from the respondents. distribution, percentage and mean per cent score were used
for the analysis of knowledge. Most of the respondents 56.25 per cent were within the high level of use of Agricultural Technology
Information Centre (ATIC) whereas, 25.00 per cent of the respondents belong to medium level of use of Agricultural Technology
Information Centre (ATIC) services and 18.75 per cent of the respondents belong to the low level of use of Agricultural Technology
Information Centre (ATIC) services.
Keywords: ATIC, use, Services, farmers.
GNRSA-2020/428
UNINTENDED IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ON THE FISHERIES SECTOR
MUKESH P BHENDARKAR1, B. B. GAIKWAD1, K RAVI KUMAR1, K. K. RAMTEKE2, H. D. JOSHI3, N. A. INGOLE4, M. P.

BRAHMANE1, NISHIKANT GUPTA5, SHAILENDRA M. RAUT6
1
ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, India
2
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
3
Fisheries Survey of India, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
4
Tata Trusts, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
5
Strategic Cooperation and Policy Advisor, Tahaan, Pune, Maharashtra, India
6
ICAR-RCER Research Centre for Makhana, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has an indisputably adverse effect on the aquaculture industry across the globe. Despite the fact that
there is a lack of data to support that COVID-19 impacts fish, the resulting closure of the aquaculture sector had a significant negative impact
on purchaser demand, market access, supply of seed and feed, processing industries, trade, nutrition of populations, GDP and livelihoods of
millions of people who depend on this sector. An online survey was conducted by ICAR-NIASM to understand the sentiments during
COVID-19 Lockdown period of people involved in fisheries as business in India. A questionnaire form was created using google form in
English, Hindi and Marathi language. Responses of 586 farmers were collected using the snowball sampling technique by circulating
questionnaire on several online social networking platforms during July 11-31, 2020. Total 568 responses were considered for analysis after
removing duplicate and largely unanswered responses. 28.5% of the respondents were from the red zone, 35.7 % from the orange zone,
33.2% from the green zone and remaining did not answer it. 51.3 % respondents were from Maharashtra, 11.5% from Jharkhand, 8.8% from
Gujarat, 8.2% from Chhattisgarh are remaining from 16 states of India.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, fisheries sector, lockdown, aquaculture, India.
6
GNRSA-2020/429
EVALUATE THE WORKING AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT SOCIETIES ADVANCING CROP
LOAN.
MUNDE P. V.1, D. B. MALAVE 2, A. D. SHINDE 3, P. V. WANOLE 4 AND V. N. ANAP 5
1,3 and 4. M. Sc Student, 2. Assistent Professor, 5. Ph.D. (Scholar), Department of Agricultural Economics,
Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli – 415712, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
The present study examines the system of crop loan in Ratnagiri district of Konkan region of Maharashtra.For study secondary data collected
from PACS through various annual report and personal interview with secretaries and primary data collected from member farmers of
societies through personal interview. From study it was observed that PACS has made good profit and has good performance. Compare to
demand very low percentage of amount lifted by farmer.
Key words: Crop loan, Co-operative, Capital, PACS, Loan lifting
GNRSA-2020/430
LICHEN BIORESOURCES: CONSERVATION AND CHALLENGES
MUSARRAT FATIMA* AND MAMTA BHAT

Department of Botany, School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri (J& K) – 185 234
Lichens are the autotrophs which are formed as a result of symbiotic association between fungi and algae. They are well known for adapting
to the extreme environments. Lichens play an important role in the ecosystem functioning, carbon sequestration, water and mineral cycling,
food chain andfood web. Lichens are the habitat to many invertebrates such as Protozoa (Thecameoba), Nematoda (Plectus cirratus), Rotifera
(Macrotrachela ehrenbergii) Oligochaeta(Lumbricillus), Tardigrada (Hypsibius oberhaeuseri). Birds use them for building their nest. Lichens
quickly respond to the atmospheric pollution and habitat changes. They are the pioneers in habitat colonization and have the ability to
colonize any bare area but cannot withstand natural and man-made hazards. There is much more to understand about the lichenssuch astheir
diversity, biology and ecology. At present, there is a dearth of data on lichens and the ecological sampling for determining lichen diversity
and their distribution pattern from unexplored locations can reveal many new species. Therefore, the monitoring of changes in distribution
pattern of lichens is needed as their community dynamics and succession patterns have not been fully studied. This could also lead to
deciphering oftheir silent ecological functionsin the environment. However, due to lack of information based on lichens, conservationistsfail
to project any special initiative for their conservation. Lichen centric conservation strategiesneeds to be devised specifically in lichen rich
locations. Besides, creating awareness about lichens, their importance and the need to conserve them at appropriate levels is also required.
Identifying specific threats to different lichen communities and implementing suitable remedies is also recommended.
Keywords: Lichens, Conservation, Awareness, Remedies
GNRSA-2020/431
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN PEARL MILLET FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES
N. ANURADHA1*, P. KRANTHI PRIYA1, T.S.S.K. PATRO1, Y. SANDHYA RANI1 AND U. TRIVENI1

1
Acharya NG.Ranga Agricultural University, Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram -535 001, A.P., India.
Pearl millet, a drought tolerant crop which can ensure poor man's food and nutritional security was considered for the present study.
Exploitation of genetic variability helps in the development of a better variety which can address the growing demand of a population Genetic
variability, heritability and genetic advance for nine yield contributing traits were analysed utilizing 16 pearl millet genotypes including one
check variety, ABV 04 at Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2020. The characters included under
study were days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, panicle diameter,
1000 seed weight, grain yield and fodder yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the traits included under
study indicating ample scope for improvement of yield and other yield attributing characters. High phenotypic coefficent of variation was
observed for number of productive tillers per plant (23.9) where as GCV ranged from low to moderate and moderate GCV was observed was
observed by 1000 seed weight (15.7g). High heritability (89.74) coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean (30.80) was observed
for 1000 seed weight indicating that the character is largely governed by additive genes and selection for improvement of such character
could be rewarding.
GNRSA-2020/432
ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN MEDIUM
DURATION PIGEONPEA [CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP.]
N. M. BHUT1*, B. A. MONPARA AND K. P. PATEL

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 1Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh – 362001, India
In the present investigation, five pigeonpea crosses namely GJP 1 × BRG 14-1 (Cross 1), GJP 1 × BDN 2010-1 (Cross 2), NTL 740 × BRG
14-1 (Cross 3), TDRG 107 × BDN 2010-1 (Cross 4) and GJP 1310 × BSMR 853 (Cross 5) were studied to understand the extent of heterosis
over better-parent (BP) and standard check (SC) for seed yield and its attributing characters. The cross GJP 1 × BDN 2010-1 exhibited the
highest standard heterosis followed by GJP 1 × BRG 14-1 for seed yield per plant. It was observed that crosses GJP 1 × BDN 2010-1 and
GJP 1 × BRG 14-1 were heterotic for seed yield per plant and majority of trait in desirable direction. The highest significant and negative
inbreeding depression for seed yield per plant was observed in GJP 1 × BDN 2010-1 and followed by GJP 1 × BRG 14-1. High heterosis
exhibited by seed yield per plant was due to heterosis for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant,
number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod. Positive and significant heterosis over better parent along with positive inbreeding
depression recorded in above traits may be attributed to major contribution from dominance (h) and additive × additive (i) gene effects and
selection will be effective only in later generations. Seed yield is controlled by polygenes and is influenced by other component characters.
Key Words- Heterosis, Inbreeding Depression, Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
GNRSA-2020/433
RESIDUAL EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SEED YIELD, QUALITY AND NUTRIENT
CONTENT AND UPTAKE OF GREEN GRAM UNDER LITTLE MILLET-GREEN GRAM CROPPING SEQUENCE
N. M. THESIYA*, P.A. Vavdiya AND R. P. BAMBHAROLIA

Department of Agronomy, N.M.College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450 Gujarat, India
A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Rajendrapur Farm, Krishi Vigyan Kendra,
Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai (Dist.Dangs), Gujarat to study the residual effect of integrated nutrient management in little millet
on production potential of succeeding green gram crop under little millet-green gram cropping system. The treatment consisted of integrated
nutrient management viz. T1 – 100% RDF, T2 – 50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through biocompost, T3 – 50% RDN
through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost, T4 – 75% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 25% RDN through biocompost,
T5 – 75% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 25% RDN through vermicompost and Azotobacter and PSB applied each 2 lit/ha for all
treatment to little millet in kharif season as main plot treatments replicated four times in randomized block design. During rabi season each
main plot treatment was split into four sub plot treatments with four levels of recommended dose of fertilizers viz. S1 -control, S2 - 50% RDF
and S3 – 75% RDF, and S4 – 100% RDF to green gram resulting in twenty treatment combinations replicated four times in split plot design.
The experiment was conducted on same site without changing the randomization of the treatment for the successive year. The application of
50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost or biocompost along with recommended dose of 20 kg P2O5
reported promising effect on seed yield, nutrient content and uptake, quality of green gram in little millet-green gram cropping sequence
under South Gujarat condition.
Key words: green gram, little millet, yield, nutrient, quality
GNRSA-2020/434
UREASE ACTIVITY OF SOIL IN TRANSPLANTED RICE AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT ENRICHED NITROGEN
SOURCES
N. PRATHAP REDDY1*, CH. BHARAT BHUSHAN RAO1, K.SUREKHA2 AND SA. HUSSAIN1
1
College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar , Hyderabad-500030
2
Principal Scientist (Soil Science), ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030
Urease is a unique enzyme which catalysesthe hydrolyses of urea to ammonia which is subsequently transformed to ammonium, nitrite and
nitrate ion, which increases the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. A research trail was conducted at Indian Institute of Rice Research
(IIRR), Hyderabad, Telangana.The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatments and each one replicated
thrice. The treatments comprised were T1 Control (0:60:40 kg N:P:K ha-1), T2 (75% RDN through neem coated urea), T3 (75% RDN through
enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma) T4 (75% RDN through vermicompost), T5 (75% RDN through neem coated urea +
nitrification inhibitor), T6 (75% RDN (50% RDN through vermicompost + 25% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor), T7
(100% RDN through neem coated urea), T 8 (100% RDN through enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma), T9 (100% RDN through
vermicompost), T10 (100% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor) and T 11(100% RDN (50% RDN through vermicompost
+ 50% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor). Highest urease activity (308 μg of NH4+ g-1 soil 2hr-1) was recorded with the
application of 100% RDN through vermicompost (T 9) which was on par with 75% RDN through vermicompost , 100% RDN through
enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma (282 and 285 μg of NH4+ g-1 soil 2hr-1). Lowest urease activity (98 μg of NH4 + g-1 soil 2hr-1)
was recorded without the application of nitrogen. The highest urease activity due to application of vermicompost is due to incorporation of
organic materials promoted microbial activity and increased urease activity.
Keywords:Transplanted rice, Enriched nitrogen sources and Urease activity
GNRSA-2020/435
STUDIES ON GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN YARDLONG BEAN (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.)
WALP. SSP. SESQUIPEDALIS VERDC.)
N. RATNAKUMARI1, L. NARAM NAIDU2, RVSK REDDY3, T.SKK KIRAN PATRO2, D. RATNA BABU4 AND K.
UMAKRISHNA2
1
Agricultural College, Bapatla, ANGRAU
2
College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, Dr. YSRHU
3
DR, Dr. YSRHU, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh, 534101.
4
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Bapatla, ANGRAU
Selection of suitable breeding methodologies in bringing desirable improvement in crop plant require the complete knowledge about the
nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of quantitative and quality traits. Gene action of fruit yield and quality traits in yard long
bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. Sesquipedalis Verdc.) were studied through half diallel analysis of 21 F 1 hybrids derived by
crossing 7 parental lines (Geethika, Babli, Vizianagaram Local, Bobbili Local, Lola, Trivendram Local, Bhuvaneswar Local). The ratio of
gca to sca variances revealed that non-additive gene action was predominant over additive gene action in the inheritance of all the characters
studied except for number of primary branches per plant and days to first picking. Hence, heterosis breeding is required to be followed for
exploitation of these traits.
Key words: Gene action, yardlong bean, variance, diallel, fruit yield
GNRSA-2020/436
MUSTARD APHID MANAGEMENT THROUGH BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
N. SUNITA DEVI, RIMAMAY KONJENGBAM AND TAKHELLAMBAM JULIA

College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University
Iroisemba, Imphal-795004, Manipur
Rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. sarson) is one of the most important oilseed crops. Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) is the
key pest of rapeseed-mustard crops in Manipur. This pest is responsible to cause yield loss ranging from 9 to 96% (Singh and Sharma 2002)
and 15% oil reduction (Verma and Singh 1987) in India. The main objective of the present study was to offer less expensive, environmental
friendly, preventive measure of mustard aphids. The effect of different biocontrol agents were studied on mustard. Results revealed that the
larvae of the lady bird beetle were important predator among the different predators evaluated. The larvae of the C. septempunctata preyed
higher number of mustard aphids (pooled average 56.02 aphids/day) followed by S. confrater (49.43 aphids/day) and I. scutellaris (35.91
aphids/day) during their larval life span (Kuldeep Singh, 2013). It was also observed that the grubs of all the tested predators became almost
always active against nymph of L. erysimi Kalt. during entire period of study. Among the larval stages of the syrphid and coccinellid
predators, it was also analyzed that the last instars larvae/grub of the predators are proved mightiest devourer against aphid, L. erysimi. In
case of Diaretiella rapae, successful parasitism was 75.46% during the cropping season (Samim Akhtar et al, 2010). From the present study,
it can be concluded that, in spite of development of chemical method, these biocontrol agents could be used as ecofriendly method for
prevention of mustard aphid.
Key words:- Biocontrol agents, Lipaphis erysimi, Coccinella septempunctata, Diaretiella rapae.
GNRSA-2020/437
ENHANCING NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: AGRONOMIC OUTLOOK
N.LAVANYA1, N.VARSHA2 AND RAJAP SHIVA KUMAR3

1 &3
PhD Scholar, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-030, Telangana State, India
2
PhD scholar, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junargadh-362001, JAU.
Nitrogen (N) is the most critical externally added input for any crop production system. Efficiency of applied nitrogenous fertilizers is very
low due to its various losses i.e. volatilization, leaching, surface runoff and denitrification from soil-plant system.Therefore, proper
understanding of advanced soil and plant management practices which helps in improving N use efficiency is one of the key factors to
enhance crop output, decreasing cost of cultivation, and to maintain environmental quality.Some of the efficient N management practices that
could significantly improveNUE while protecting the environment are a. Crop rotation which allow better and effective use of soil resources
such as waterand nutrients to maximize yield.b. Adoption of modern and water-efficient irrigation techniques like drip irrigation to maximize
NUE by meeting crop requirements.c. Investigating slow-release N fertilizers for their potential to minimize N leaching, reduce
denitrificationlosses, and improve the synchronization of N release and uptake accordingto crop demand. d. by managing N nutrition through
precision farmingmethods using modern technological approaches like soil testing approach prior to crop planting, in-season nutrient
management based on sensors, and split application of N fertilizers could be opted for improving NUE. Apart from the above practices,
availability of severalsoil-crop simulation models also paved the way to effective N managementand assessment of NUE and N loss. Site-
specific nutrient recommendations are also made throughthe use of geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system
(GPS). N recommendation that takes into consideration of soil nitrateor any other N sources such as N credit by previous crop reduces the
amountof needed N and improves efficiency. Other agronomic management practices that increase the yield and total N uptake that can
contribute to higher NUEinclude insect and weed control, timeof planting, planting density, supply of nutrients other than N, and
selectingadapted cultivar or hybrid suited for the region and better N uptake.Genetic improvement of major staple food crops for better
nutrient acquisition could also be an important area of research to enhance nitrogen use efficiency.
GNRSA-2020/438
UREASE ACTIVITY OF SOIL IN TRANSPLANTED RICE AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT ENRICHED NITROGEN
SOURCES
N. PRATHAP REDDY1*, CH. BHARAT BHUSHAN RAO1, K.SUREKHA2 AND SA. HUSSAIN1
1
College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar , Hyderabad-500030
2
Principal Scientist (Soil Science), ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030
Urease is a unique enzyme which catalysesthe hydrolyses of urea to ammonia which is subsequently transformed to ammonium, nitrite and
nitrate ion, which increases the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. A research trail was conducted at Indian Institute of Rice Research
(IIRR), Hyderabad, Telangana.The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatments and each one replicated
thrice. The treatments comprised were T1 Control (0:60:40 kg N:P:K ha-1), T2 (75% RDN through neem coated urea), T3 (75% RDN through
enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma) T4 (75% RDN through vermicompost), T5 (75% RDN through neem coated urea +
nitrification inhibitor), T6 (75% RDN (50% RDN through vermicompost + 25% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor), T7
(100% RDN through neem coated urea), T 8 (100% RDN through enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma), T9 (100% RDN through
vermicompost), T10 (100% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor) and T 11(100% RDN (50% RDN through vermicompost
+ 50% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor). Highest urease activity (308 μg of NH4 + g-1 soil 2hr-1) was recorded with the
application of 100% RDN through vermicompost (T 9) which was on par with 75% RDN through vermicompost , 100% RDN through
enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma (282 and 285 μg of NH4+ g-1 soil 2hr-1). Lowest urease activity (98 μg of NH4 + g-1 soil 2hr-1)
was recorded without the application of nitrogen. The highest urease activity due to application of vermicompost is due to incorporation of
organic materials promoted microbial activity and increased urease activity.
Keywords:Transplanted rice, Enriched nitrogen sources and Urease activity
GNRSA-2020/439
TO STUDY THE MORPHOLOGICAL, ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PLASTICITY OF SELECTED PLANTS
ACROSS ELEVATION GRADIENTS BY EVALUATING VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES
NAHILA ANJUM* AND **MOHD HANIEF CHAUDHARY

Applied Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri- J&K (India)
Plants can significantly change their morphological, ecophysiological and biochemical responses according to their environmental conditions
or new stress factors for example invasiveness, climate change or land use change are introduced and where inter or intra-species may reduce
resources and as a result plants accommodate their adaptability across various environmental variations. Alpine plants have specific
morphological, ecophysiological and biochemical responses towards increases altitude such as plant height, root depth, leaf size, leaf
pigmentation, leaf thickness, stomatal density, stomatal size, stomatal conductance, leaf mass unit area, root length, specific root length,
specific leaf area, phenology and flowering time etc. For biomass production and net photosynthetic rate (NPR) plant species require an
optimum altitude and their enzyme activities can either increase or decrease in variation from this optimum altitude. Altitude influence plant
growth, plant structure, plant function and also their metabolism. Plasticity also increases the expression of those phenotypes which are well
adopted under new environmental conditions and also improving the adaptation of various species and as a result there is increase in genetic
assimilation of that species under the novel environment. Photosynthetic traits may indirectly operate in correlation with other traits pointing
the importance of viewing the phenotype as a consolidated function of plant life history, plant growth, morphology and physiology. It will be
urgent to enhance studies on various natural populations to understand plant response to various environmental factors including climate
change. Therefore the research is aimed at identifying the alteration in morphological, ecophysiological, biochemical responses by measuring
net photosynthetic rate (NPR), growth etc. of selected plants together with adaptation at various altitudes.
GNRSA-2020/440
EFFECTS OF SELECTED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS AND PLANT EXTRACTS ON EARLY BLIGHT DISEASE
MANAGEMENT AND YIELD OF CHERRY TOMATO
NAIK S. C*, NARUTE T. K, MANE S. S. AND KHAIRE P. B

1
Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
2
College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415712, District: Ratnagiri (M. S), India.
The trial was conducted at the experimental research farm of Department Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule
Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during the academic year of 2019-20. In the experiment of efficacy of selected biocontrol agents and plant extracts
in disease management and yield of cherry tomato indicated that, all the biocontrol agents and plant extracts tested were found effective and
thereby recorded significant reductions in the disease incidence and disease intensity, which consequently recorded significant increase in
fruit yield. The significantly least disease incidence and intensity was recorded at 15 days after 3rdspraying with T2, biocontrol agent
Trichoderma harzianum (39.76% and 36.20% respectively) which is significantly superior over all treatments except recommended chemical
followed by T1, Trichoderma viride with disease incidence and disease intensity (40.53% and 38.45%) both were at par with each other. It
was followed by T3, Pseudomonas fluorescens (42.29% and 39.37%) and T4, plant extractAzadirachta indica (43.38% and 40.31%) with
disease incidence and disease intensity. Treatments T 1, T3 and T4, three were at par with each other. So overall out of the biocontrol agents
and plant extract tested, T2, biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum @5%was found most effective with highest percent control in the
disease incidence and intensity to the tune of 22.21% and 21.17% respectively with significantly highest fruit yield of 42.04 t/ha followed
byT1, Trichoderma viride with percent control in disease incidence and intensity 19.94% and 19.54%with 38.87 t/ha fruit yield.
KEY WORDS- Cherry tomato, Early Blight, Botanicals, Trichoderma spp, Psuedomonas
GNRSA-2020/441
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF PLANT EXTRACT (BOTANICALS) AGAINST ALTERNARIA SOLANI (EARLY BLIGHT OF
TOMATO)
NAIK S. C*, NARUTE T. K, KHAIRE P. B AND MANE S. S
1
Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
2
College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415712, District: Ratnagiri (M. S), India.
Aqueous extracts of 5 plants selected from local flora were evaluated for antifungal potential against Alternaria solani by Poisoned Food
Technique at 10% concentrations. In the experiment of In vitro efficacy of plant extracts against Alternaria solani by crude extraction
method, the maximum inhibition was obtained by Azadirachta indica (60.49%), Zingiber officinale (54.73%) and Ocimum sanctum (53.09%)
@10% concentration over all other plant extracts. In the experiment of In vitro efficacy of plant extracts against Alternaria solani by acetone
extraction method, the maximum exhibition was obtained by Azadirachta indica (64.24%), Ocimum sanctum (58.62%) and Zingiber
officinale (57.32%)@10% concentration over all other plant extracts. Out of these two methods, there was slight increase in inhibiting the
mycelial growth of the pathogen Alternaria solani in acetone extract as compared to crude extract and therefore acetone extract is better than
crude extract.
Key Words- Cherry tomato, antifungal, Alternaria solani, in-vitro, acetone extract, crude extract.
GNRSA-2020/442
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND ITS ROLE IN MANAGEMENT OF POST HARVEST DISEASES
NAJMU SAKIB*1, JAVEID AHMAD DAR1AND AMREENA SULTAN2

1
2
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, Jammu and Kashmir (India)
Post harvest diseases cause considerable losses to harvested fruits and vegetables during transportation and storage. Synthetic fungicides are
primarily used to control postharvest decay loss. However, the recent trend is shifting towards safer and more eco-friendly alternatives for the
control of postharvest decays. In various biological approaches, the use of antagonist microorganisms is becoming popular throughout the
world. Several postharvest diseases can now be controlled by microbial antagonists. Although the mechanism(s) by which microbial
antagonists suppress the postharvest diseases is still unknown, competition for nutrients and space is most widely accepted mechanism of
their action. In addition, production of antibiotics, direct parasitism, and possibly induced resistance in the harvested commodity are other
modes of their actions by which they suppress the activity of postharvest pathogens in fruits and vegetables. Commercial use and application
of biological disease control have been slow mainly due to their variable performances under different environmental conditions in the field.
To overcome this problem and in order to take the biocontrol technology to the field and improve the commercialization of biocontrol, it is
important to develop new formulations of biocontrol microorganisms with higher degree of stability and survival. Future outlooks of
biocontrol of plant diseases is bright and promising and with the growing demand for biocontrol products among the growers, it is possible to
use the biological control as an effective strategy to manage plant diseases, increase yield, protect the environment and biological resources
and approach a sustainable agricultural system.
Key words: Post harvest diseases, microbial antagonists, biological control
GNRSA-2020/443
CULTIVATION OF PADDY STRAW MUSHROOM (VOLVARIELLA VOLVACEA) UNDER KASHMIR CONDITIONS
NAJMU SAKIB*1, FARAHANAZ RASOOL1, SHAHEENKOUSAR JAN1 AND AMREENA SULTAN2

1
2
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, Jammu and Kashmir (India)
In the present study, Studies on Cultivation of Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariellavolvacea) under Kashmir conditions was conducted to
assess the physiological requirements, yield and other quality parameters of V. volvaceaunder traditional bed method. The grains viz., jowar,
wheat, rice and oats were evaluated for spawn run on selected strains of V. volvaceaviz., VV3, VV11, VV12 where in, jowar grain proved to
be the best completing the spawn run in (08 days) in strain VV3. The strains of V. volvaceaviz., VV3, VV11, VV12 evaluated under
traditional bed method using paddy straw as substrate and wheat grain as spawn @ 200gm/10kg substrate and gram flour @ 200gm/10kg
substrate showed VV3 as the best strain, completing the full spawn run (08days), pin head formation (15 days), yielding maximum number of
fruit bodies/1000g (10.81), average fruit body weight (30.20g), maximum yield (2.08kg/10kg substrate) and biological efficiency (20.8%)
recording lowest incidence of diseases/moulds (2%).
Key words: Volvariella volvacea, wheat grain, traditional bed method, yield
GNRSA-2020/444
STUDIES ON RESIDUAL EFFECTOF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN KHARIF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) IN
LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS) DAKSHINDINAJPUR DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL
NAKUL MANDAL, BAPPA PARAMANIK, DEBRAJ SAHA AND PRABIR KUMAR GANGOPADHYAY
DakshinDinajpurKrishiVigyan Kendra, Uttar BangaKrishiViswavidyalaya, Majhian, Patiram, DakshinDinajpur, West Bengal, India -733133
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Instructional Farm of DakshinDinajpurKrishiVigyan
Kendra, Uttar BangaKrishiViswavidyalaya, Majhian, Patiram, DakshinDinajpur, West Bengal to study the residual effect of integrated
nutrient management in kharif rice (OryzaSativa) on succeeding crop lentil (Lens culinaris). The experiment, consisted of ten treatments, was
laid out in Randomised Block Design where each treatment was replicated thrice. Residual effect of integrated nutrient management in kharif
rice on lentil significantly influenced growth attributes, yield attributes and yield and economics of lentil. Application of 50% recommended
dose of nitrogen (RDN) from chemical fertiliser + 50% RDN from Vermicompost exhibited significantly higherplant height (42.89 cm), dry
matter accumulation at maturity (232.14 g m -2),seed yield (1156.08 kg ha-1), stover yield (1866.78 kg ha-1), gross return (₹45890.00 ha-1 ),
net return (₹33560.00 ha-1) and return rupee-1 invested (₹2.64) in residual crop oflentil than all other treatments.However, this was at par with
the application of 25% RDN from chemical fertiliser + 75% RDN from dhaincha and 25% RDN from chemical fertiliser + 75% RDN either
or from FYM with respect to number of branches plant-1 (8.96), number of pods plant-1 (68.63), number of seeds pod-1 (1.99) and test weight
(19.24 g).
GNRSA-2020/445
STATUS OF BIOMASS AND CARBON STOCKS IN DELONIXREGIA SPECIES
NAMO NARAYAN MISHRA1 BISWARUP MEHERA2͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ AND KALPANA MISHRA3

Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, India. (College of forestry)
It was observed that highest biomass in sites no.7 the Delonixregiatree was containing highest aboveground biomass, belowground biomass
and total standing biomass (6.02tha-1, 1.57tha-1 and 7.59tha-1) and total carbon was observed 3.79 tha-1The carbon sequestration by the
Delonixregia in this site was 13.9 tCO2. andlowest biomass in site no. 1. In this site was observed above ground biomass, below ground
biomass and total standing biomass (0.72 tha -1, 0.19 tha-1 and 0.91 tha-1) and total carbon was observed 0.45 tha -1 the carbon sequestration by
the Delonixregia in this site was 1.65 tCO2.the Delonixregiatree containing total aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and total
standing biomass in 4957 trees all nine sites was observed in (30.25tha -1, 7.86tha-1 and 38.11tha-1) and total carbon in all nine sites was
observed 19.06 tha-1 the carbon sequestration by the Delonixregia in all nine sites was 69.95tCO2.
Keywords: - Biomass Estimation, Allometric Equation, Tree Height, Wood Density, Carbon Stocks.
GNRSA-2020/446
GENETIC, CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND MULTIVARIATE STUDIES OF SEED YIELD WITH DIFFERENT TRAITS IN
MUNGBEAN ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilkzek)
NANDIGAM SWATHIREKHA*1, DR. C. S. MAHTO2, DR. ARUN KUMAR2, DR. H. C. LAL3 , DR.ANITA PANDE4
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi , Jharkhand- 834006.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi , Jharkhand- 834006.
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 834006.
4
Assistant Professor, College of Biotechnology, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand – 834006.1
The present study was conducted during kharif, 2018 to evaluate 38 genotypes of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]with 12 different
traits using general statistics, character association, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The basic descriptive statistics had
showed considerable variance for all the traits. The results of character association studies revealed that Days to first flowering, Days to 50%
maturity, Days to pod initiation, Number of primary branches per plant, Number of clusters per plant, Number of pods per plant and seed
yield per plant exhibited highly significant positive correlation at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Through Principal component
analysis (PCA), a total cumulative variance of about 73.59% was revealed within four principal components with eigenvalues >1 among the
twelve. PC1 with high values contributed more towards the phenology and vegetative growth whereas the PC2 with high values contributed
more towards the reproductive growth. All the 38 genotypes were grouped into 6 clusters by Tochers method which will help us in selecting
promising genotypes which can be used as parents in future breeding programmes.
Key words: character association , eigen value, Mungbean, PCA, Tochers method.
GNRSA-2020/447
BIO-FORTIFICATION - A KEY TO ELIMINATE HIDDEN HUNGER
NAOREM MEENA DEVI1* AND TAKHELMAYUM MALEMNGANBI2

1
Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal
2
Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland
India, being a poor country with low per-capita income, cannot afford to have diversified diet containing micronutrients rich food like fruits,
vegetables, animal products, etc. Instead, they put their focus on cheap and easily accessible staple crops like rice and wheat which contain
less micronutrient. Regular intake of such unbalanced proportion of micronutrient leads to various health issues which bring about hidden
hunger or micronutrients deficiency. Increasing the content of such micronutrients in staple crop can reduce such health risk. Bio-
fortificationis a process of increasing the content of micronutrients like iron, zinc, pro-vitamin A, amino acids, etc. in staple crop through
conventional plant breeding, agronomic practices or modern biotechnology. This approach can fill the micronutrient intake gap and increase
its daily intake of micronutrient like vitamins and minerals. It can also be a key food based approach to combat hidden hunger and
malnutrition especially for poor who cannot afford diversified nutritional food.
Key words: Bio-fortification, hidden-hunger, micronutrients, nutrition
GNRSA-2020/448
ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES, PERCEPTION AND CHALLENGES IN COVID-19 CRISIS
NAUSHAD ALAM
Scientist, Agriculture Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur-U.P-208002
Despite uncertainty at the start of the corona virus outbreak in early 2020—as restaurants, schools, and other institutions shuttered to a
close—many organic farms have been bright spots of the COVID-19 economy. Nearly every organic category has seen year-over-year sales
gains since March, and, with the pandemic radically reshaping consumer behavior, that growth could continue. The demand for organic and
local and health-based food has certainly increased because of COVID. The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic this year -- and its
enormous impact on our everyday lives – has already had dramatic consequences for the organic sector in 2020. As shoppers search for
healthy, clean food to feed their at-home families, organic food is proving to be the food of choice for home. There will be, it is certain, many
changes in our living habits from this pandemic, some perhaps temporary, some permanent. Demand for organic food, more specifically
vegan and vegetarian food, already a movement around the world, is almost certainly going to rise exponentially in a world where the fallacy
of living out of tune with nature is being exposed in the most brutal manner. Organic farming has suddenly mushroomed in the midst of
COVID -19. As people are searching for healthy food to feed their families, organic fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals etc are
proving to be the food of choice for home. Organic foods are composed of the natural and organic ingredients that are
cultivated as per standards of organic farming. They do not contain any artificial preservatives to sustain a longer interval of
time. Organic farming stems from production of fresh food and livestock without adding any artificial agents like herbicides,
pesticides, weedicides, fertilizers and GMO’s. Be sides health benefits, there are environmental benefits of organic farming too.
Keywords: organic farming, health, COVID 19, Agriculture etc.
GNRSA-2020/449
INTEGRATEDMANAGEMENT OF MUSTARD APHID, LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI KALTENBICH IN SUB ZONE V OF
JHARKHAND
NAZRUSSALAM, EKHLAQUE AHMAD AND D. N. SINGH

Zonal Research Station, Chianki, Palamau-822102, Jharkhand
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India)
A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2019-20 on “Integrated management of mustard aphid, LipaphiserysimiKaltenbich in sub zone
V of Jharkhand” under rainfed conditionin a Randomized Block Design with three replications and eight treatments. All the treatments
recorded significantly superior over control. The treatment foliar spray of NSKE 5 % in combination with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 30
g.a.i./ha at fortnightly interval found the best treatment for management of mustard aphid which produced the highest seed yield of mustard
(8.87 q/ha) and received the lowest no. of aphids (5.42) per 10 cm. central shoot per plant with highest percent reduction (91.94) over control
under rainfed condition followed by the treatment application of NSKE 5 % in combination with acitamiprid 20 SP @ 25 g.a.i./ha at
fortnightly interval, which produced seed yield of mustard(8.60 q/ha) and received the no. of aphids (8.77) per 10 cm. central shoot per plant
with percent reduction (86.96) over control and both the treatments were at par. While the control plot produced the lowest seed yield (3.61
q/ha) and received the highest aphids damage (67.27aphids) per 10 cm. central shoot per plant. The foliar application of neem seed kernel
extract 5 % in combination with the neonicotinoids group of insecticides exhibited the better performance than only foliar application of the
same group of insecticides
Key words: aphids, mustard, foliar application, central shoot, imidacloprid, acitamiprid, percent reduction
GNRSA-2020/450
ERADICATING MALNUTRITION THROUGH VALUE ADDITION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
NEELAM KUMARI
SMS- Home Science, KVK, PipraKothi, Dr. RPCAU, PUSA, Samastipur, Bihar, India -848125
Now a day, a lot of attention is being given on health and nutrition of persons. Today, consumers demand food products, which are nutritious
and convenient to use. Lot of focus has been given to the food products having some additional health benefits, rather than the conventional
products.Value addition to foods may be done by several ways. It could be done by the use of preservative, food ingredients capable of
eliciting functionalities and by fortification using micronutrients.There are novel and emerging food processing technologies that are possible
to preserve the ingredients in the food intact.The shelf life enhancement of the processed food can be done by adapting newer packaging
technologies. Guava has been used traditionally as a medicinal plant throughout the worldfor a number of ailments.Being perishable crop if it
could also be processed in to powder during gluts for retaining itsgoodness by extraction of pulp and preparation of guava powder and used in
baked products.Sweet potato is widely used is India for food consumption after boiling, baking orfrying.Processing of sweet potato tuber
increases their availability and reduces post harvest wastage. The processed products of sweet potato include: Sweet potato flour, Sweet
potato granulesand canned sweet potatoes.Ginger is used in various food preparations to impart its characteristic flavor and is probably
theonly spice being used in production of beverages like ginger beer, ginger ale and ginger wine.The different processed products from ginger
include- Paste, Candy, Pickle, Chocolates, Beverages, Powder, Juice, Ice cream and Oleoresin.
Key words:Value addition, Malnutrition, Food processing, Guava, Ginger and Sweet potato
GNRSA-2020/451
MITIGATING PHOTORESPIRATION AND ENHANCING YIELD BY DEVELOPING C 4 RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
NEELAM PANKAJ1., KIRAN BHARTI2 AND GURDEEP BAINS1
1
Deptt. of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities.
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar. 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
2
Deptt. of Botany, Kanhaiya Lal DAV PG College, Roorkee, Haridwar, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
In order to provide adequate nutrition into the future, rice yields need to be increased by 60%, a change that may be achieved by introduction
of the C4 photosynthetic cycle into rice. The international C4 Rice Consortium was founded in order to test the feasibility of installing the C4
engine into rice. This can be achieved by two way metabolic C 4 engineering and identification of determinants of leaf anatomy by screens
them for higher vein density. The aim of the metabolic C 4 engineering approach is to generate a two-celled C4 shuttle in rice by expressing
the classical enzymes of the NADP-ME C4 cycle in a cell-appropriate manner. The aim is also to restrict RuBisCO and glycine decarboxylase
expression to the bundle sheath (BS) cells of rice in a C 4-like fashion by specifically down-regulating their expression in rice mesophyll (M)
cells. In addition to the changes in biochemistry, two-celled C4 species show a convergence in leaf anatomy that include increased vein
density and reduced numbers of M cells between veins. Rice yields need to increase, as rice is a C3 plant which displays high
photorespiration. To reduce the losses by photorespiration it is required to improve net photosynthesis via an increased photosynthetic
efficiency could provide significant gains in terms of grain yield. In this project our aim is to identify the vein density of different rice-
genotype as higher vein density is associated with increased rate of photosynthesis and decreased rate of photorespiration.
GNRSA-2020/452
INCREASING APPROACHES OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TO FACILITATE THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN
PRESENT SCENERIO
NEERAJ BAGORIA1*, RAJENDRA BAIRWA2, PARTHA SARATHI GHORAI3,

1. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210.
2. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa-Samastipur, Bihar.
3. Division of Soil Science, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa-New Delhi.
Remote sensing and GIS is an emerging technology which is very reliable to reducing farmers input cost through performing some difficult
works in precisely manner in very less time such as surveying farm land and monitoring the field crops to improve farm yield. GIS
technology is very effective to examine the object’s property present on land surface and provide better opportunity to analysis of soil
mineralogy. Recently, the uses of satellite technology increases in agriculture sector to perform several works such as forecasting of
disastrous climatic changes, pest and diseases infestation forecasting, yield estimation, soil surveying to examine suitability and capability of
land to grow particular field crops, fertility and LCC mapping of soil etc. To aware the farmers this article shows the best uses of RS-GIS
technology in agricultural sector to increase farmer’s income which is the need of present time.
Key Word: RS-GIS, Soil Surveying, Fertility Mapping
GNRSA-2020/453
ORGANIC FARMING IN INDIA: A VISION TOWARDS A HEALTHY NATION
NEERJA SHARMA, VINOD GUPTA, A.K.SINHA, SOURAV GUPTA

KVK Samba,SKUAST-Jammu
Food quality and safety are two important factors that have gained ever increasing attention in general consumers. Conventionally grown
foods have immense adverse health effects due to presence of higher pesticide residues, more nitrate, heavy metals, hormones, antibiotics,
residue and also genetically modified organisms. Moreover, conventionally grown foods are less nutritious and contain lesser amount of
protective antioxidants. In the quest for safer food, the demand for organically grown foods has increased during last decades due to their
probable health benefits and food safety concerns. Organic food production is cultivation without the application of chemical fertilizers and
synthetic pesticides or genetically modified organisms, growth hormones and antibiotics. The popularity of organically foods is increasing
day by day owing to their nutritional and health benefits. Organic farming also protects the environment and has a greater socio economic
impact on a nation. India is a country that is bestowed with indigenous skills and potentiality for growth in organic agriculture .Although
India was far behind in the adoption of organic farming due to several reasons, presently it has achieved rapid growth in organic agriculture
and now becomes one of the largest organic producers in the world. Therefore, organic farming has a great impact on the health of a nation
like India by ensuring sustainable development.
GNRSA-2020/454
HYDROPONICS AS AN ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
NEERJA SHARMA, VINOD GUPTA, A.K.SINHA, SOURAV GUPTA

KVK Samba,SKUAST-Jammu
Jammu and Kashmir is a state with varied topography and great agro biodiversity. Agriculture is backbone of the economy of Jammu and
Kashmir with 70% of its population depends on agriculture and allied sectors. Agriculture is a key part of human civilization. The growing
human population and depletion and degradation of natural resources caused by destructive farming practices all pose challenges to the
sustainability of agriculture. Under the current paradigm , hunger is expanding while soil, fertility, fresh water, quality and quantity and
biodiversity continue to decline. Efforts to maintain this paradigm ,which relies on non –renewable energy and resources are proving in
adequate. A paradigm shift is needed to move from current destructive practices to holistic to achieve improved sustainable production in
both the short and long term, so that vision of doubling the farmer income by the year 2022 could be realized . Vegetable are vital source of
proteins ,vitamins ,minerals ,dietary fibers ,micronutrients ,antioxidants. India produces 146.55 million tons of world vegetables in 8.5
million hectare In the state Jammu region is predominantly sub tropical ,like many other states of the country ,people from rural areas of
Jammu are migrating towards the urban area Vegetable cultivation is being undertaken over a Net area of 22517.96 hectare with the
production of about 1539.59 (000 MT) Vegetable available in urban area are highly contaminated with pesticides as well as with heavy doses
of fertilizers. Most of the vegetables like tomato, okra, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower and capsicum are highly contaminated with
organochlorine, Organophosphates, synthetic pyrethriods and carbmate insecticides. Around 40%of all pesticides used in India are
Organochalorine. These are resistant to environmental pressure and increase their concentration through the biological food chain. They
allegedly interfere with male and female hormones, modifying development in bird and mammals. Pesticides penetrate not only the initial
targets but also water, soil, plants, humans and animals. They enter the human body through the skin, breathing or eating , by direct
involvement with pesticides or through food products. They are present not only in plant products but also in dairy products also. together
with an increase in population, land shortage has also increased. Most of the holdings are less than 2Ha.As a result of fragmentation the
number of land holdings has increased more today. The proportion of the land that was classified as marginal increased from 39 % to nearly
70% , about 43% of the house hold own no land and 22%of the farm plots are less than half a hectare .while organic farming can the problem
of pesticides, and the margins for the organic farming are now building up and accessible only to progressive farmer. In this case simplified
hydroponics offer a new way of cultivation which promotes all the aspects of sustainable agriculture and therefore offers an alternative to
organic farming. Simplified hydroponics offers the advantage that it can be produced even by the persons having no land or limited land and
little training. The implementation of hydroponics technology led to increase the vegetable production and provide supplementary income to
marginal ,landless farmers. Hydroponics is accessible to the people with limited resources. For this reason it is optimized to utilize minimal
inputs of land, space, water, nutrients and grower infrastructure. The profits from the sale will insure increase in income for farmers,
pesticides free food to the consumers generate surplus which will cover the cost of project management over a few years of implementation.
GNRSA-2020/455
CONSTRAINTS OF GOAT HUSBANDRY PRACTICES FACED BY GOAT KEEPERS IN AMRAVATI DISTRICT
NEHA S. POTE, ASHISH H. LADE AND KALYANI S. KHADTARE
Department of Extension Education, SSAC, Amravati (M.S.)
The present study was conducted in Amravati district of Maharashtra state. The sample was drawn from the three takula viz., Chandur bazaar,
Morshi, Chandur Railway where functional goat keepers in larger numbers were in existence. Thus, 80 goat keepers were selected which
constituted the sample respondents for the present study. Data were collected by personally interviewing the respondents with the help of pre-
tested structured interview schedule in face to face situation. Collected data were tabulated. Correlation and regression analysis for
interpretation of the findings were calculated. Two hypotheses were set for the study and were tested for acceptance or rejection. The findings
with regards to constraints faced by the goat keepers in adoption of goat husbandry practices revealed that non availability of descript breeds
of goat, lack of technical knowledge, fluctuation of prices and unavailability of market were of prime importance for majority of the
respondents. The highest percentage of respondents lack of market availability. As regards to improve breeding majority of the respondents
were lack of technical knowledge, Followed by lack of improved breed and non-availability of improved goat breed on lower rate. Whereas
High cost of animals and their maintenance in rainy season and Susceptible to disease in rainy season. In improved feeding majority of the
respondents were Lack of Knowledge about balance feed, Followed by respondents were Lack of concentrate feed on lower rate and lack of
postural land, Whereas lack of sufficient green fodder and feed scarcity in dry season.
Key words: Constrains, Goat keeper, Technical knowledge, Goat rearing,
GNRSA-2020/456
DESIGNING OF TITANIA BASED HETEROGENEOUS NANOCATALYST AND APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC
TRANSFORMATIONS
NEHA SHARMA, MONIKA GUPTA*
PG Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, India
Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds are the most abundant compounds found in the nature. The unique structural and chemical
properties possessed by the 1,2,3-triazoles make them important heterocyclic compound. 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles can be used to
selectively open calcium channels in cells, to regulate plant growth and to inhibit enzymes as well as exhibit significant proliferative action
against a wide range of human cancer cell lines. They are generally prepared via copper-catalyzed one-pot cycloaddition reaction of terminal
alkynes with organic azides (CuAAC) i.e. clicks recation. Copper compounds plays an important role in click chemistry synthesis owing to
its advantages such as high yields, regioselectivity, and atom economy. Among various copper compounds, Cu (I) mostly used as catalyst in
this reaction. Nanocatalysts having size in the range of 1-100 nm possess superior properties to their bulk counterparts. However,
immobilization of nanoparticles over heterogeneous support imparts heterogeneous nature to the catalyst, makes them stable, prevent them
from agglomeration as well recyclable. Keeping in view development of green and sustainable synthetic protocols, we tried to make
heterogeneous nanocatalyst in which nanocopperferrite was immobilized over titania nanospheres by using L-tyrosine as alinker. It was
characterized by FTIR, HR-TEM, FEG-SEM, EDX, VSM, P-XRD, XPS, photoluminescence spectroscopy and raman spectroscopy. It was
magnetically stable, easy to handle, have high shelf life and operates in mild condition, provides high yield of products with wide range of
functional groups. It also shows recyclability up to seven runs. Moreover, CuFe 2O4 linked with TiO2 in it works in a synergistic manner and
use visible light for the photodegradation of methylene blue.
GNRSA-2020/457
POLYAMINES: A NOVEL BIO-STIMULANT FOR AUGMENTING VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
NEHA SHARMA, GAZALANAZIR, MUDASIR MAGRAY AND SUMATI NARAYAN

Division of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar (J & K)
Polyamines is collectively imply toorganic compounds having varying number of amines ranging from diamineputrescine,
triaminespermidine to tetraaminespermine. They are organic polycations having variable hydrocarbon chains and two or more number
primary amino groups. To cope up with the increasing demand of premium quality vegetables, bio-stimulants like polyamines can play a key
role.In vegetable crops, polyamines are responsible for performing a wide range of functions like growth and development (because of their
effect on cell division and differentiation), flowering, fruit development and fruit ripening. One of the polyamines-putrescine has a regulatory
role in promoting productivity of sweet pepper, tomato and pea. Polyamines play physiological role in alleviating stress damage by inducing
tolerance against abiotic as well as biotic stress. Application of polyamines enhances the post-harvest storage longevity of vegetable crops.
Exogenous application of polyamines increases the shelf life of vegetables like tomato due to their ethylene inhibitory properties. In certain
commercially important vegetables like cucumber application of polyamines helps in overcoming chilling injury while storage. The
increasing amounts of environment pollutants have deleterious effects on vegetables in the field. Foliar application of polyamines reduces the
harmful effects of pollutants like ozone, sulphur dioxide and UV radiations on cucumber, radish, tomatoes etc. So, the vast range of
physiological effects which these polycations have on vegetables prompt us to consider them as a potential organic compound which can
bring about a breakthrough improvement in vegetable production.
GNRSA-2020/458
SALINE SOILS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
NEHA1,2, N. SAINI1,2, VIVEKANAND2, V. KUMAR1,2, M. KAKRALIYA1,2, M. JATANA1,2

Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana1
ICAR-Centre Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 2
The problem of salt-affected soils afflicting many other countries with arid and semi-arid climates, these lands occupy about 8.6 M ha in
India out of which 3.5 M ha are in canal commands, commonly referred to as man made or wet deserts. Salt-affected soils are grouped into
saline and alkali/sodic soils on the considerations of soil management and crop responses. Out of the 3.4 M ha of alkali lands in Indo-
Gangetic Plains, about 1.0 M ha has been reclaimed by the hydro-chemical technology. These soils have electrical conductivity (EC) of the
saturation extract more than 4 dS m-1, the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) less than 15 and the pH is less than 8.5. With adequate
drainage, the excessive salts present in these soils may be removed by leaching thus bringing them to normalcy. Saline soils are often
recognized by the presence of white crusts of salts on the surface. Concentration of soluble salts in the surface or near-surface soil horizon is
a major problem with severe worldwide economical and social consequences. In terms of agricultural consequences, an excessive salt in soil
accelerate land degradation processes resulting in increased impact on crop yields and agricultural production and ultimately leads to lower
the farmers’ income. Accumulation of soluble salts at the surface or near-surface of soil horizon is called salinization (Szabolcs, 1974). The
processes of accumulation of salts and build-up of ESP have to be reversed. To achieve this, provision of adequate drainage, replacement of
Na+ ions from the exchange complexes and leaching out of soluble salts below root zone has to be ensured. For reclamation, different
methods like physical, chemical, hydrotechnical and biological are to be adopted so that yield level of the crops grown on these soils can be
enhanced and in turn income of the farmers. Physical methods include deep ploughing, sub-soiling, sanding, profile inversion, scrapping etc.
Hydro-technical methods include leaching of salts, provision of drainage, use of leaching curves etc. Under chemical methods, application of
gypsum is the prominent one. Other chemical techniques include application of calcium chloride, calcite, phosphogypsum and iron pyrites
etc. Biological methods include green manuring, addition of FYM and other organic manures, incorporation of crop residues, press mud,
municipal solid waste, microbial consortium, biosaline agriculture, use of salt tolerant varieties etc.
Key words: salt-affected soils, salinization, green manuring, reclamation etc.
GNRSA-2020/459
A REVIEW ON PLANT DISEASE DIAGNOSTICS ENABLED BY A SMART PHONE BASED FINGERPRINTING OF LEAF
VOLATILES
NELLI RAKESH
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
The present review paper is focused on the new technological advancement made in the field of plant pathology, which helps in identification
of plant diseases remotely in crop field using airborne chemical fingerprints .The handheld detecting device i.e. sensor can be connected to a
new generation mobile phone which samples the “volatile organic compounds” that are discharged by plants from the leaves. All plant
release VOC’s but the type and concentration of VOCs released varies during diseased or physiological stress condition. Every disease has its
own profile of VOCs. Now the plant diseases can be determined by the concentration and type of the VOCs released by the plants.
Keywords: Smelling of plant diseases; Volatile Organic Compounds; Gas chromatography; chemical ionization mass spectrometry
GNRSA-2020/460
SYNTHESYZED SEED TECHNOLOGY IS RAPIDLY GROWING BRANCH OF SEED BIOTECHNOLOGY
NIHARIKA YADUVANSHI1, SAGUN MAURYA2 ANKAJ TIWARI3 ,GAURAV SHARMA 4

1,3,4,Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
2, Department of PMB & GE
Acharya Narendra Deva University Of Agriculture And Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Synseed which are also known by other names such as somatic seeds, artificial seed, clonal seed. Synthetic seed can be defined as artificially
encapsulated somatic embryos, shoot buds, or cell aggregates or any tissues which will be used for sowing as a seed and germinated into
plantlets after propagating under in vitro or in vivo conditions and that can also sustain the regeneration potential also after storage.
Application of synthetic seed technology requires manipulation of in vitro culture system for large scale production of viable materials that
are able to convert into plants, for encapsulation. Somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis and enhanced axillary bud proliferation systems are
the efficient techniques for rapid and large scale in vitro multiplication of finest and desirable plant species. Through these systems a large
number of somatic embryos or shoot buds are produced which are efficient planting material for plant regeneration either after having minor
treatments or without any treatment with growth regulators. The naked micropropagules are sensitive to dessication and pathogens when
exposed to natural environment for large scale planting to field or greenhouse some protective coatings are vital on materials. Encapsulation
is considered as the best method to provide protection and to convert the in vitro derived propagules into synthetic seed.
GNRSA-2020/461
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF GUAVA VARIETIES IN THE
RAJNANDGAON DISTRICT OF CHHATTISHGARH PLAIN
NIKHIL PARIHAR 1 , DR. M.S. PAIKRA 2 , PRACHI TAMRAKAR 3

1 Department of Fruit science, Pt. K.L. Shukla COHRS, Rajnandgaon, IGKV Raipur
2 Department of Fruit science, Pt. K.L. Shukla COHRS, Rajnandgaon, IGKV Raipur
3 Departement of F.L.A, Pt. K.L. Shukla COHRS, Rajnandgaon, IGKV Raipur
The Field-experiment entitled "Effect of integrated nutrient management on quality attributes of guava varieties in the Rajnandgaon
district of Chhattishgarh plain " was carried out in the mrigbahar of 2019-20 at the Horticulture Farm, Bharregaon, under Pt. K.L. Shukla
College of Horticulture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh. The field experiment was laid out in FRBD (Factorial
randomized block design) which contain 24 treatments with 3 replications, there were two factors having 4 varieties and 6 level of INM.
Most of the quality parameter like TSS (13.84 0Brix), ascorbic acid(246.71 mg/100 g) and total sugar (9.16%) were found superior in
treatment combination of V3N3 (Shweta + 75% RDF + 10 kg FYM+ 2.5kg vermicompost + 50 gm Azotobacter).
Keywords- Guava, Meadow orchard, INM, Nutrients, Quality.
GNRSA-2020/462
PRODUCTIVITY DYNAMICS OF PARCHING SORGHUM GENOTYPES AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT
NILIMA DAREKAR, ANITA CHOREY AND SUMEDH HIWALE

Department of Agronomy,
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, 444 104(M.S.), India
Effect of nitrogen management on productivity of parching sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) was studied in an
experiment comprising of two parching sorghum genotypes viz., -Phule Madhur and Gulbhendi Local-1 and four nitrogen management
treatments . The results revealed that the parching sorghum genotype Gulbhendi Local-1 showed significantly more plant height, dry matter
plant-1 and stem diameter and was superior over genotype Phule madhur however, the parching sorghum genotype Phule Madhur showed
significantly more number of leaves, leaf area(dm2) and leaf:stem ratio and was found superior over genotype Gulbhendi Local-1. Similarly,
the treatment of nitrogen management with application of 125 per cent RDN ha -1 recorded higher plant height, number of leaves, leaf area
plant-1 , leaf:stem ratio, dry matter plant-1 and stem diameter and found significantly superior over other treatments of nitrogen management
with application of 50 per cent RDN ha-1 through urea + 50 per cent RDN ha-1 through vermicompost, 100 per cent RDN ha-1 and 100 percent
RDN ha-1 through vermicompost. The grain recovery per cob and green hurda yieldof parching sorghum was recorded higher by the
genotype Phule Madhur and found significantly superior over the genotype Gulbhendi Local-1. The green fodder yield (q/ha) of parching
sorghum was found maximum in the genotype Gulbhendi Local-1 and found significantly superior over the genotype Phule Madhur. The
treatment of nitrogen management with application of 125 per cent RDN ha -1 recorded higher grain recovery from five panicles grain
recovery per panicle and green hurda yield and found superior over other treatments of nitrogen management and comparable with
application of 50 per cent RDN ha-1 through urea + 50 per cent RDN ha-1 through vermicompost.
GNRSA-2020/463
SMART FARM MECHANIZATION FOR ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY
NIRJHARNEE NANDEHA
Senior Research Fellow, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal
World agriculture has become considerably more efficient in the past decades. Production systems as well as crop and livestock breeding
programs improvements have resulted in a significant increase of food production while increasing the amount of agricultural land by just 10
percent. However, climate change is expected to exacerbate the existing challenges faced by agriculture. Food security and climate change
are closely linked in the agriculture sector and that key opportunities exist to transform the sector towards climate-smart systems that address
both. Climate change threatens production’s stability and productivity. Climate change is expected to reduce productivity to even lower levels
and make production more erratic. Preserving and enhancing food security requires agricultural production systems to change in the direction
of higher productivity and also, essentially, lower output variability in the face of climate risk and risks of an agro-ecological and socio-
economic nature.Farm mechanization is a basic need in extensive agriculture productionsystem. It plays a key role in timeliness of farm
operations, quality of work andenhanced agricultural production. The agricultural production is observing erraticyield variations and
unpredicted negative impacts in the wake of climate changesglobally. In view of present challenges throughout the production system,
thefuture growth has to come from the acceleration in the rate of farmmechanization. The farm mechanization level in India is 40 % with
average 2.24kW/ha farm power availability. On the other hand, Punjab has reached 4.4 kW/hawhereas in the hills of Uttarakhand, it is 1.05
kW/ha. The present mechanization isdistinctly different throughout the country and still low to cope up with climaticvariations in the
agricultural sector as well as to enhance input use efficiencyofnatural resources. In addition to this, the crop residue is largely responsible for
the degradation of climate during the peak season of wheat sowing due to theburning of crop residue.
Keywords: Climate-Smart Agriculture, Climate Resilient Agriculture, Farm Mechanization, Farm Machinery, Input Use Efficiency
GNRSA-2020/464
GENETIC VARIATION AND DNA QUANTIFICATION OF Labeogonius
NISHA RANA
School of Life Science and Technology, IIMT University, Meerut, 250001
The present study was conducted on Labeogonius collected from different sites of Western Uttar Pradesh. Mitochondrial DNA of taxonomic
importance like 16S rRNA gene and Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene were amplified and sequenced. The Phylogenetic analyses of all the
sequences were performed using software MEGA 7.0. The results revealed that the molecular data based on 16 S rRNA and COI gene
sequences was close to topotype population. The cryptic samples and other fish were identified and characterized based on gene studies viz.
16S, COI, showed maximum similitude to gene sequences of gene sequence available on NCBI Labeogonius and hence considered as the
same. In female Labeogonius (Site 1, cultured samples) the DNA content ranged in 62ng/ μl- 65 ng/ μl; and at Site 2, 61ng/ μl-65 ng/μl; at
Site 3 (wild samples) 75ng/ μl -80 ng/ μl.So the highest content was seen in wild samples of Labeogonius. In male Labeogonius (Site 1) the
DNA content ranged in 72 ng/ μl-78 ng/ μl, at Site 2, 74ng/ μl-80 ng/ μl and at Site 3 (wild samples) 76 ng/ μl-84 ng/ μl. So the highest
content was also seen at site 3.
Keywords: Phylogenetic Analysis, DNA extraction, Labeogonius,16S rRNA, COI gene.
GNRSA-2020/465
FACTORS AFFECTING SEED LONGEVITY IN STORAGE OF THE MILLETS
NISHA, AXAY BHUKER & S. S. JAKHAR

Department of Seed Science & Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004
Seed longevity refers to the period seeds will remain in store and determined by the genetic and physiological storage potential of seed. Any
deteriorating events or damage during storage affects storability of a given seed. The most important trait for seed conservation is the time
that seeds will remain alive under a given storage condition (seed longevity). Seed should be stored under optimum conditions in order to
maximize their longevity. Seed storage is conservation of seed with initial quality until it is imperative for planting. Storage starts in the
mother plant itself when it attains physiological maturity. After harvesting the seeds are either stored in ware houses or in transit or in retail
shops. The seed storability is considerably influenced by the kind / variety of seeds. Some kinds of seeds are naturally short-lived, e.g. onion,
soybeans, peanuts, etc. The seed lots having vigorous, undeteriorated seeds store longer than deteriorated lots. The amount of moisture in the
seeds is probably the most important factor influencing seed viability during storage; Relative humidity and temperature by far are the most
important factors determining the storage life of seeds. It has already been stated that a number of factors, operating before and during harvest
can affect seed viability. More critical examine are needed on the effect of fluctuating environmental conditions. Recent researches on the
role of a gaseous environment on seed viability indicate that increases in pressure of oxygen tend to decreases the period of viability. There
are six main types of organism associated with seeds in storage, namely, Bacteria- Fungi- Mites- Insects- Rodents- and Birds.The activity of
these entire organisms can lead to damage resulting in loss of vigour or viability or, particularly in the case of rodents, to complete loss of
seed.
Keywords: Longevity, Seed, Deterioration, moisture, vigour, Viability .
GNRSA-2020/466
NATURE OF CROP INSURANCE SCHEMES FOR THE FARMERS UNDER INDIAN SCENARIO
NITIN KUMAR NAG*1, DUSHYANT SINGH2 AND LALIT KUMAR VERMA1

1
Department of Agricultural Economics, J. V.College, Baraut, Baghpat-250611 (U.P.)
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, U. P. College, Varanasi, 221003 (U.P.)
Insurance is a tool to protect you against a small probability of a large unexpected loss. Crop Insurance refers to an insurance which insures
farmers and crop producers against the loss of crops due to natural disasters, such as hail, drought and floods. Crop Insurance is of two types-
1. Crop-yield insurance and 2. Crop-revenue insurance. In our country Nature has always been moody. "She is unpredictably generous tone
state and disconcertingly bad tempered to another. This fickleness of weather conditions in different parts of the country upsets the whole
agricultural economy and makes one part bountiful, while the other starves." Farming is more hazardous than any other enterprises. The
weather can make all the difference between success and failure. Consequently, many farmers, particularly the small ones, feel shy of
adopting new techniques. Crop Insurance is the Magna Charta of the Indian agriculturists. It will mitigate rural poverty and will change the
psychology of the Indian farmers in a radical manner. It provides protection to farmers against losses caused by crop failure and thereby
ensures stability in farm income. It also strengthens the position of co-operatives and other institutions that finance, agriculture to the extent it
enables the farmer members to repay their loans in years of crop failure. By protecting the economic interest of the farmers against possible
risk or loss, it accelerates adoption of new agricultural practices. Agriculture in India is highly susceptible to risks like droughts and floods. It
is necessary to protect the farmers from natural calamities and ensure their credit eligibility for the next season. For this purpose, the
Government of India introduced man agricultural schemes throughout the country. Early, pre-independence and post-independence insurance
schemes launched in different years in discussed in the book in detail Also the state schemes of a few state are briefly included with the
insurance companies involved. These schemes will not only spread the losses geographically but also spread them over the time. The reasons
of crop insurance are the stability it imparts to the agricultural produce. Therefore the earlier the scheme is put into operation, the better it will
be for the farmers and for the nation.
Keywords: NAIS, PMFBY, enterprises, crop insurance, insurance companies.
GNRSA-2020/467
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS WITH RESPECT OF GRAIN YIELD OF BASMATI
RICE
NITIN MAURYA1, DR. O.P SINGH2, DR. D. K. TRIPATHI3, DR. S.N SINGH4, AND P.K. GAUTAM5
Department of Crop Physiology, C S Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
The field experiment was conducted at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), during kharif
season 2016 and 2017. The design in split-plot with three replication and three dates of transplanting i.e., first date of transplanting
(D1),second date of transplanting (D2) and third transplanting (D3) conditions were allocated in the main plots and four basmati rice varieties
V1 (PB-1), V2 (PB-1509), V3 (PB-6), and V4 (PB-1121), in sub plot. The mean value of chlorophyll intensity (%) was significantly
influenced by transplanting dates in the first transplanting dates 02 th July (D1) i.e., 37.94 and 38.77% recorded maximum chlorophyll intensity
and minimum in third transplanting date 30 th July (D3) i.e., 34.62 and 35.68 % at flowering stage of concerning years respectively. observed
significantly higher chlorophyll intensity (%) with variety PB-1509, (V2), 38.11 and 39.13%, followed the varieties,PB-1121,(V4)i.e., 37.18
and 38.21%, variety,PB-1,(V1),i.e.,35.67 and 36.43 %,and minimum was in varieties,PB-6,(V3),34.25 and 35.30% experimentation,
respectively.
Keywords: Physiological Condition, Basmati rice, transplanting and yield
GNRSA-2020/468
YEAR-ROUND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION THROUGH KITCHEN GARDEN MODEL FOR SELF
RELIENT IN INDO GANGETIC PLAINS
NOOPUR KOHIMA1 AND A. S. PANWAR

1. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, J&K
2. ICAR–Indian Institute of Farming System Research, Modipuram, Meerut, India
India is a developing country of about 246 million households. Consuming a healthy diet throughout the life-course helps to prevent
malnutrition for which a minimum calorie requirement of 2400 for rural and 2100 kcal/day/person for urban areas. Vegetables not only
provide energy are protective food and enrich in nutrients (macro and micro), vitamins, antioxidants and phenolics. The world health
organization (WHO) recommended that vegetable and fruit consumption should be more than 400 g/day/person or 146 kg/person/year.
However, Indian diets are cereals-dominated necessitating the need include sufficient vegetables for food and nutritional security of rural and
urban households. In this regard, kitchen/homestead gardens of limited available space can play an important role in full filling the demand
for year-round diversified vegetable requirements. Considering the scope to self-reliant in year-round vegetable production and consumption
through kitchen garden model, a field experiment was conducted for consecutive two years (2018 to 2019) at the homestead garden of ICAR
- IIFSR Modipuram Meerut (29°4' N latitude and 77°46' E longitude and 230 m above MSL altitude). A total of 28 vegetables were selected
for year-round vegetable cultivation and were planted in fifteen beds varied from 2 to 8 m 2. The year-round vegetable patterns under each bed
were grown in to 3 to 4 cropping season in 62 m 2 net areas. The gross area of fifteen cropping pattern increased to 207 m 2 with 334%
cropping intensity. The total year-round production of vegetables was 568.7 kg from 62 m 2 net areas. Among the different groups of
vegetables, 196 kg of root, bulb and tubers vegetables; 160.1 kg leafy and flower vegetables; 184.6 kg of fruit vegetables/green vegetables
and 25.8 kg of leguminous/portentous vegetables were harvested. World health organization (WHO) and the National Institute of Nutrition
(NIN) recommendation recommended 730 kg/annum vegetables for a 5 member’s family but 568.7 kg/annum vegetables was produced and
hence there was nearly 163 kg vegetable shortage to full fills the demand of 5 member’s household. The shortage quantity of vegetables 163
kg can be obtained from increasing 18 m 2 net areas in addition to exiting 62 m2. The total year-round net returns from vegetable production
were Rs 8434/annum from the given net area. Based on two year study, this model can be recommended for 5 adult member’s family with an
extended area of 80 m2 was estimated.
GNRSA-2020/469
COUNTERING WATER POLLUTION AND SUSTAINABLE METHODS FOR ITS CLEANING
NUPUR SHISHODIA MUDGAL AND GARGI PACHORI

Chemistry Department, Meerut College, Meerut
Water pollution is severely affecting us. This water pollution is either in Inland waters especially rivers or sea oil pollution spills vary widely
in size and in type of oil and therefore the effects, or threat or impact on the humans, environment and other vulnerable areas vary as well.
The management of different water pollution will in general follow very similar procedures. However, management can sometimes be more
difficult in a small slick than in a large incident.
GNRSA-2020/470
ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELING FOR ASSESSING POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIPTEROCARPUS TURBINATUS C.
F. Gaertn IN MAHANADA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY OF DARJEELING DISTRICT, NORTH BENGAL
OBAIDULLAH EHRAR1; SHRI.P.C.LAKRA2; DR.NARENDRA PRASAD3 ;SAROJ BISWAKARMA2

1. Central Tasar Research & Training Institute, Nagri (Ranchi) Jharkhand
2. Environmental Research Station Sukna, Darjeeling, West Bengal
3. Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University,Kanke-6
The prospective application of ecological niche modeling can be seen in this study, which maps the potential distribution of Dipterocarpus
turbinatus, one of the indigenous tree species in the Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary. This study has also tested the efficiency of the MaxEnt
model whether it has given accurate and précised result about the species distribution. Different environmental variables comprising of
annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, maximum and minimum temperature of warmest month , precipitation seasonality, human
influence index, elevation, slope and land use land cover were used to model the distribution of the species . In the study area of Mahananda
Wildlife Sanctuary, Data was collected for multiple sample points at different location using GPS of the target species namely Dipterocarpus
turbinatus (Garjan) over the entire Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary area. The South-Western region of the study area has shown the higher
potential, followed by the South-Eastern and Northern region. The prediction ranges from 0 to 1, 0 suggesting no potential for the occurrence
and 1 shows high potential for the occurrence of the Dipterocarpus turbinatus.The North-Western region followed by Eastern region has
shown the minimum support for the distribution of the Dipterocarpus turbinatus in the study area. The potential distribution of the
Dipterocarpus turbinatus in the study area was predicted by MaxEnt model which involved multiple predictor variable like Bioclimatic
variables, Elevation, Slope, Soil, LULC, and Human Influence Index, where the maximum contribution of Elevation is 39.1% followed by
Human Influence Index with 14.2%, Soil with 12.7%.
Key words: - MaxEnt model, Human Influence Index, Dipterocarpus turbinatus.
GNRSA-2020/471
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INDIA’S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND WAYS TO MITIGATE THE RISKS.
OINAM PRIYADARSHINI DEVI

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Central Agriculture University, Imphal, Manipur.
The agricultural value chain in India has been adversely affected by the covid-19 crisis and the resultant lockdown. Agriculture accounts for
58% source of livelihood of the country’s population and 44% on country’s workforce. The sector serves the food consumption needs of the
whole country placing among the top exporters of agricultural produce in the world which now face challenges in travel restrictions during
this pandemic. Due to nationwide lockdown Migrant labour are back to rural hometown which make the harvesting process completely off
balance resulting in major liquidity issues and affects the supporting infrastructure. There has been scarcity of public goods, restrictions on
sales, disruptions in supply chain and constraints on induced debt and cash flow. Movement across the state borders has been heavily
restricted which has blocked the movement of crops and consequently their sale. Add to this a lack of machine repair mechanisms and other
such support staffs. Currently, around half a million tonnes of Indian rice is locked up in the supply chains, while perishable crops are not
being transported at all for fear of deterioration in delayed transit. In order to mitigate the situation, the government should set a specialised
committee that will look to the mechanisation of farming in India to reduce reliance on manual labour. The available labour should be put to
use. Emergency measures should be taken up such as opening up lines of credit for exports, a cut in air freight charges and a focus on
essential goods. For long term, the government should develop more robust export infrastructure changes policies to allow for a bigger focus
on processed foods and reduces the government buffer volumes. There is a greater need for government support in the form of support for
other agricultural inputs. Lack of any relief will only make the agricultural crisis worse. By using social safety nets as bridge between health
shock and economic shock, scope of reforms can be taken up by focussing on alternate market channels, institutionalising farm labour and
expanding institutional landing, designating warehouses as markets, e- commerce and delivering companies and Start-ups needs to be
encourages and supported with suitable policies and incentives.
Keywords: Covid-19, Agricultural sector, Impact, Scope.
GNRSA-2020/472
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE: A NEED OF ENVIRONMENT TO SUSTAIN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
1
OM PRAKASH RAIGAR*, 2DAISY BASANDRAI, 3KINJAL MONDAL, 4DINESH KUMAR 5AKANKSHA ATTRI, 6ANITA
UJJWAL AND 7ARVIND KUMAR
1,2,4
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P.)-176062, India
3
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P.)-176062, India
5
Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P.)-176062, India
6
Assistant Agriculture Officer, Department of Agriculture, Government of Rajasthan, Sikar (Raj) -332602, India
7
Agriculture officer, Punjab National Bank, Joginder Nager, Mandi (H.P)- 175015, India
The global population is expected to reach nearly nine billion by 2050 and it has already started threatening upon food security throughout the
globe. According to UNSD (United Nations Statistics Division) report, India will be at the top of the table in population growth rate in the
year 2027 and to cherish the growing population satisfactorily, about 333 million tons of food grains have to be produced annually. The more
climate will change, the more chances of food shortage and malnutrition problems in near future. Climate change is often experienced by
both agricultural and horticultural crop plants under injurious regimen of several biotic and abiotic stresses. Improper resource allocation and
faulty agricultural practices under changing climate simultaneously accelerate enlargement of stressful conditions which restricts plant
growth and development. In this scenario, innovative miscellaneous strategies are much needed to patronize climate smart agriculture.
Development of improved varieties having ability to survive under ever-changing climatic conditions is ought to be emphasized by precise
biotechnological interventions as well as water saving healthy artifices.Suitable molecular tactics to identify beneficial genes/QTLs
(quantitative trait locus) concerning with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance as well as high throughput sequencing techniques advances
climate smart agriculture. In coming days, modern agriculture has to focus on integrated farming system and judicial crop management for
developing resistant cultivars leading to sustainable agricultural productivity.
Keywords: Climate smart, climate change, QTLs, high throughput, smart breeding
GNRSA-2020/473
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE, POLICY RESPONSE AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY:
CURRENT STATUS, PROBLEMS AND WAY FORWARD
OM PRAKASH1, BRAHM PRAKASH1, PALLAVI YADAV2, RAM JI LAL1 AND JOGINDER SINGH3
1
ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow 226002 (Uttar Pradesh)
2
CBG Ag PG College, Bakshi Ka Talab, Lucknow 226201 (Uttar Pradesh)
3
Janta Vaidic College, Baraut, Baghpat 250611 (Uttar Pradesh)
Covid-19 pandemic has influenced the economy of the whole world. The present study was undertaken to study the impact of Covid-
19pandemic on Indian agriculture, the problems faced by the farmers and to suggest the way forward. The paper is based on the secondary
data and information collected from print electronic media and in view of watching the present situations time to time. For getting the exact
information about the problems and seeking probable solutions, several farmers of Lucknow and nearby districts were contacted on
telephone. The study revealed that harvesting and threshing of rabicrops was significantly delayed due to non-availability of labourers,
harvesters/combine and other operated machines.The erratic weather of hailstorm and rains also adversely influenced timely harvesting and
threshing. The small farmers who produce vegetables suffered heavily due to restrictions imposed during the lockdown period. But after
some time, But after hue and cry, the Govt. allowed vegetables vendors to supply vegetables with provision of social distancingas usually
recommended as six feet and using face Masks/Gamachha. Direct marketing through farmers/several Farmer Producer
Organizations/Cooperatives collected the horticultural farm produce from the cultivators/growers from the village (s) and sold in the posh
colonies at the doorsteps of the consumers. This helped the farmers in fetching 25-50% more prices as compared to their sales in Agricultural
Produce Market Committees mandies. The launching of Kisan Rath Mobile App provided relief to the farmers for transportation of
agricultural and horticultural produce for identifying the location of nearest truck integrators and local vehicles. The Govt. of UP started
procurement of wheat since April 15, 2020 @ Rs. 1925/q from 5500 centres. The prices of milk crashed significantly due to decline in its
demand due to closure of hotels, tea shops and sweet shops. The farmers have to sell the milk at throwaway prices. But later on, the milk
producers shifted to value addition through ghee making. The study suggests that the Govt. should focus on post-harvest activities, wholesale
and retail marketing, storage and transport. All mandies and all forms of agricultural markets, regulated and unregulated, public or private
should remain open. All the markets of the farmers, direct farmer to consumer arrangements such as Community Supported Agriculture and
other FPO and cooperative marketing activities should be allowed to operate freely. Efforts should also be made for smooth supply chain of
fertilizers, seeds and other planting material, insecticides, pesticides and fungicides. Government as well as private sector can play an
important role in maintaining supply chain of agri-inputs for the farmers. Crop loans should also be provided to the farmers for the kharif
season at the cheaper rate of interest. The study also advocated for structural reforms like contract farming, land leasing and private farm
yards and to tap the untapped potential of export of number of farm produce.
Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Lockdown, Social distancing, Kisan Rath Mobile App
GNRSA-2020/474
G X E INTERACTIONS AND STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SEED COTTON YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN COTTON
(GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)
P. A. VAVDIYA1 AND V. P. CHOVATIA2

1. Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai (Dangs), Gujarat
2. I/c Vice Chancellor and Director of Research, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat
A line x tester analysis using 10 lines and five testers was carried out to study the stability of 50 hybrids over environments using three
different sowing dates for seed cotton yield and its quantitative traits in cotton. The analysis of variance for stability revealed significant
differences among the genotypes for all the characters when tested against the pooled error and pooled deviation. The mean square due to
environments (E) was also found significant when tested against the pooled error and pooled deviation for all the characters. G x E
interactions were non-significant for all the characters except days to 50 % flowering, days to 50 % boll bursting, seed index and oil content
indicating linear response of different genotypes for various traits under varied environmental conditions. The variance due to environments
(linear) was significant for all the traits when tested against pooled error as well as pooled deviation. The results on environmental index
revealed that timely sown condition (E2) was the most congenial for seed cotton yield per plant and majority of the yield component traits.
The stability parameters viz., overall mean ( X ), regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S 2di) revealed that the hybrids
G.Cot 18 x GSHV 173, G.Cot 18 x GTHV 7/70, G.Cot 12 x GTHV 7/70, G.Cot 12 x G.Cot 20 and GJHV 511 x GSHV 173 were most
widely adapted and stable crosses for seed cotton yield per plant and its components. The parents GJG 101, Deviraj, G.Cot 12, G.Cot 10,
GJHV 500, GJHV 511, GJHV 517, GJHV 521, GJHV 536, Suraj, G.Cot 20, GSHV 173 and GTHV 7/70 were identified as the stable
genotypes for seed cotton yield and its components and hence, may be utilized in breeding programmes for incorporation of stability in
cotton.
GNRSA-2020/475
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT USING MUSTARD OIL CAKE IN BASMATI RICE-MUSTARD CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER
ORGANIC FARMING
P. C. GHASAL, AMIT KUMAR, CHANDRA BHANU, JAIRAM CHOUDHARY, CHETHAN KUMAR G., D. DUTTA, LALIT
KUMAR, A.L. MEENA, R.P. MISHRA, ANKUR KUMAR AND A.S. PANWAR
ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Meerut-250110 (U.P.)
Nutrient management is considered as one of the most limiting factors for lower productivity and profitability under organic farming.
Application of concentrated organic manures such as edible/non-edible oilcakes can play pivotal role to bridge this gap especially during
initial years. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to assess the effect of mustard cake (MC) application on growth, productivity and
economics of basmati rice (cv. PB 1509)-Mustard (cv. RH 749) cropping system at ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research,
Modipuram, Meerut during 2019-20. Eleven treatments of mustard oil cake were used in the study. Growth of basmati rice was significantly
affected under different treatments. Application of MC significantly improved the flag leaf area under all the treatments as compared to only
FYM & VC application (T11). Similarly, at flowering and milking stage SPAD meter reading was highest under 5.0 t/ha MC applied
treatments (T1) followed by application of 2.5 t/ha MC (T4) and inorganic management (T10). At Flowering stage, maximum content of
Chlorophyll A (2.13 mg/g fresh weight), Chlorophyll B (0.35 mg/g fresh weight), total chlorophyll (2.47 mg/g fresh weight) an d carotenoids
and xanthophylls content (157.2 mg/g fresh weight) was found under 5.0 t/ha MC applied treatments (T1) and found at par with inorganic
management (T10). Yield attributing characters of mustard viz. primary branches/plant (6.2), Secondary branches/plant (17.0), number of
pods/plant (444) were found significantly higher under application of 5.0 t/ha MC (T1). Application of 2.5 t/ha MC (T4) was also found
statistically superior with respect to different yield attributing parameters of mustard over inorganic management. Grain yield of basmati rice
and mustard was significantly affected by different doses of MC. Highest basmati rice grain yield (4404 kg/ha) and mustard seed yield (2949
kg/ha) was recorded under application of 5.0 t/ha MC in kharif + 5.0 t/ha MC in rabi (T1). Grain yield of rice was increased by 160.6 %,
109.8% and 50.6% under application of 5.0 t/ha MC (T1), 2.5 t/ha MC(T4) and 1.25 t/ha MC (T7) over application of FYM & VC only
(T11), respectively. Seed yield of mustard was improved by 102.3%, 69.1% and 52.0% under application of 5.0 t/ha MC (T3), 2.5t/ha MC
(T4) and 1.25 t/ha MC (T7) as compared to application of FYM & VC (T11), respectively. Seed yield of mustard was found statistically
identical between application of 1.25 t/ha MC (T7) and inorganic management (T10). Highest system REY (10369 kg/ha) was recorded under
application of 5.0 t/ha MC in kharif +5.0 t/ha MC in rabi (T1) followed by application of 2.5 t/ha MC in kharif + 2.5 t/ha MC in rabi (T4).
System productivity was improved by the tune of 24.3 % to 116.4 % due to application of different doses of MC over application of only
FYM & VC (T11). Improvements in system productivity of basmati rice-mustard system by MC application clearly demonstrate that MC
provide balanced nutrient as per crop need as compared to FYM &VC. Application of MC significantly increased the system cost of
cultivation and highest (Rs. 2,10,774/ha) was found under application of 5.0 t/ha MC in kharif +5.0 t/ha MC in rabi (T1) and least under
inorganic management. Among different organic nutrient management treatments highest net return (Rs. 1,18,446/ha) was registered under
application 2.5 t/ha MC in kharif + 2.5 t/ha MC in rabi (T3) followed by application of 1.25 t/ha MC in kharif +1.25 t/ha MC in rabi (T7).
Among different organic nutrient management treatments, highest benefit to cost ratio (1.97) was found under application of 1.25 t/ha MC in
kharif +1.25 t/ha MC in rabi (T7) and least under T1. This study clearly demonstrate that concentrated organic manures should be integral
part of nutrient management under organic farming to meet out crop nutrient demand and to achieve better productivity and profitability
especially during initial years of adoption.
GNRSA-2020/476
INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT IN CHILLI FOR STRENGTHEN PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY UNDER
FARMERS SITUATION
P. K. DWIVEDI1 SWAPNIL DUBEY2 MUKUL KUMAR3 AND ALOK KUMAR4

1
Scientist (Plant Protection), KVK, Raisen (M.P.)
2
Senior Scientist and Head, KVK, Raisen (M.P.)
3
Scientist (Horticulture), KVK, Raisen (M.P.)
4
Scientist (Agri. Ext.), KVK, Raisen (M.P.)
Chilli is one of the most important commercial crops of India. It is grown almost throughout the country. India is a major producer, consumer
and exporter of chilli in the world. The technology demonstrations were conducted at farmer’s field with farmers participatory mode during
kharif seasons of 2017 to 2019 with medium fertility status soils in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh for popularization of improved
production technology of chilli. Seed sowing of varieties Pusa Jwala was done in raised bed nursery with a seed rate of 0.5 kg /ha than
planted in the fields. Balance fertilizer was applied to fulfill the nutrient requirement of the crop. IPM Practices was followed as seed and
seedling treatment with Trichoderma viride and PSB culture, installation of pheromone trap (20/ha), Yellow sticky trap (50/ha), Blue sticky
trap (50 /ha.). General spray of Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2.5 g/l of water was done in vegetative stage to check the foliar diseases.
Continuous spray of Imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 15 days interval from 35 day after planting was given for management of sucking pest. In the
improved technology mortality due to wilt reduced by 83.5 per cent in the fields and incidence of sucking pest reduced by 40.80 per cent. By
the intervention of KVK, the yield of chili was found 22.0 per cent more in technology demonstration (108.00 q/ha) as compared to farmers
practice (88.00 q/ha) during the years. The additional cost of Rs. 4385 per ha increased the average net return of Rs. 38535 per ha and
incremental benefit cost ratio 5.75 shows higher profitability and economic viability of the technology demonstration.
GNRSA-2020/477
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES OF GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES IN PEARL MILLET (PENNISETUM
GLAUCUM (L.) R. BR.)
P. KRANTHI PRIYA1*, N. ANURADHA1, T.S.S.K. PATRO1, Y. SANDHYA RANI1 AND1 U. TRIVENI1

1
Acharya NG.Ranga Agricultural University, Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram -535 001, A.P., India.
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), also known as bulrush or cattail millet, is an important grain and forage crop. The experiment
material for the present study comprised of 16 pearl millet genotypes including one check variety (Dhanashakti) which were evaluated at
Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2020 to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic
advance for nine yield contributing traits. All these genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three
replications with spacing of 50 X10per each entry. The characters included under study are days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant
height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, panicle diameter, 1000 seed weight, grain yield and fodder yield per plant. The
pre-requisite for any crop improvement programme is exploitation of genetic variability existing in the crop for yield and related traits.
Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the traits studied except plant height and grain yield suggesting ample scope for
improvement of yield and various yield attributing characters. High PCV (28.33) and GCV (22.29)is observed for number of productive
tillers per plant. High heritability (76.81) coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean (25.54) is observed for 1000 seed
weightindicating that it is largely governed by additive genes and selection for improvement of such characters could be rewarding.
Keywords: Pearl millet, variability, heritability and genetic advance
GNRSA-2020/478
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GERMINATION OF CONIDIA OF ERYSIPHE CICHORACIARUM DC
P. R. BRAHMANE, C. D. DEOKAR AND KHAIRE P. B.

Department, of Plant Pathology, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri
Powdery mildew of cucumber caused by Erysiphe cichoraciarum DC. Powdery mildew is one of the most important fungal disease and is
responsible for substantial yield losses .The severity of cucumber powdery mildew in Western Maharashtra was noticed varied from locality
to locality, because of type of variety grown, different environmental conditions, cropping pattern and buildup of inoculum due to ideal
microclimatic condition at different localities. Disease first appear on the leaves thirty days after sowing and continue to produce white
mycelial growth on various aerial plant parts up to the harvest. In lab condition maximum germination of conidia was observed at 25 0C of
storage temperature while minimum germination at 5 0C.However observed that temperature played an important role in the conidial
germination, development of the powdery mildew of cucumber.
Keyword: Cucumber, Epidemiology, Powdery mildew, Maharashtra
GNRSA-2020/479
EFFECT OF BYE-PASS PROTEIN FEEDING ON MILK YIELD OF CROSSBRED COWS
P.K. MADKE, ANANT KUMAR AND LAXMI KANT

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Babugarh, Hapur, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut
A field study was conducted in Ghaziabad district to observed the effect of Bye-pass protein feeding on milk yield crossbreed cows. Milch
animals were selected randomly from 5 villages of Ghaziabad district (U.P.) (Muradnagar, Khorajpur, Rawali MIlak, Noorpur, Badka). 20
crossbred cows were selected in their 2nd & 3rd stage of lactation and divided into two groups of 10 animals each. First group (T) was fed
with 3 kilogram Bye-pass protein daily till go days of lactation. Other group [C] of 10 animals were fed normal feeding. Which is
farmerspractice in that particular area. The farmers were not fed scientific method of feeding. They could not added proper quantity of bye-
pass protein in balance ration. To keeping in mind a trial was conducted in Ghaziabad District Since 2018-19. Milk yield of these animals
was recorded by their owner and these volume were an averaged for fortnightly interval. Milk production parameters like average daily
milkyield. Peak yield and total milk yield were compared between treatment and control groups. It was observed that average daily milk
yield, peak yield and total milk yield were found significantly (p<0.05) higher by 12.16, 13.57 and 11.92 % in bye-pass protein fed groups
than control group. On the basis of this it is recommended that continuous feeding of bye-pass protein better performance of milk yield in
cross breed cows.
GNRSA-2020/480
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
PALLAVI SINGH, S. P. SINGH, SHIVAM SINGH AND JAISH RAJ YADAV

Department of Plant Pathology, A. N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya- 224229 (U.P.), India
Novels and techniques for detecting and diagnosing phytobacteria based on the basis of new sequences, new primer pairs and new protocols.
Efforts are to be made to develop cost effective and fast detection techniques as well as to improve the already existing one. The various
molecular techniques are serological techniques which include, ELISA, Monoclonal Antibody, Polyclonal Antibody, Nucleic Acid
hybridization, Immuno-fluorescent techniques and PCR, RFLP and RAPD. Under natural field condition phytobacteria is detected without
subculturing and enrichment both qualitatively and quantitatively will offer a broad knowledge of the life cycle of each phytobacteria.
Protocols developed with balanced specificity and sensitivity for pathogens detection will have optimistic effect on the sanitary status of the
agricultural crops. Fast detection of the phytopathogenic bacteria will help to reduce the spread of emergent bacterial pathogens in the crops.
Molecular tools combined with nanoscale strategies can be exploited in the near future for developing smart agricultural devices.
GNRSA-2020/481
SUGARCANE BASED INTERCROPPING FOR CROP DIVERSIFICATION, IMPROVING PER UNIT PRODUCTIVITY,
RESOURCE-USE EFFICIENCY, SOIL HEALTH, FOOD, NUTRITIONAL AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY
PALLAVI YADAV1, PANKAJ KUMAR SINGH1, SWAHA SHEE CHANDA1,

Om Prakash2 and Brahm Prakash2
1
Chandra Bhanu Gupta Agriculture PG College, Bakshi KaTalab, Lucknow 226 201
2
ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 22 6002
Crop diversification has witnessed paradigm shift which encompasses several concepts to accommodate the intercrops with sugarcane in
space and time for vertical land productivity. In sub-tropical India, sugarcane is planted at narrow spacing of 90 cm in autumn season, 75 cm
in spring season and 60 cm row to row spacing in the summer season, while sugarcane is still planted at wider spacing of 120-150 cm to
facilitate the mechanization of cultivation operations in tropical India. Being widely spaced, initially slow growing, long duration and one-
time income generating crop, sugarcane crop provides ample scope for intercropping with short duration, high value and mid-season income
generating pulse crops for food, nutritional and livelihood security especially of small and marginal cane growers. Intercropping of pulse
crops with sugarcane also offers viable technology for improving the productivity of winter-initiated ratoon, which suffers on account of
extreme cold and/or frost conditions in sub tropics. Now, a wide cafeteria of intercrops with matching production technology is available for
sub-tropical India as well as tropical India which would facilitate in raising the land utilization efficiency, declining the cost of production,
economizing the use of market purchased costly inputs and making plant-ratoon system sustainable which ultimately helps in raising the
socio-economic status of small and marginal resource constrained farmers and generates plenty of employment opportunities especially for
rural women and youths.
Key words: Cropping system, Diversification, Intercropping, Livelihood Security, Resource use efficiency, Sugarcane
GNRSA-2020/482
DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SPINACH POWDER USING DIFFERENT DRYING TECHNIQUE
PALLAWI JOSHI
Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University
The study was performed on Water spinach (Ipomea aquatica), a hidden gem with lots of nutritional attributes and medicinal properties.
To check its feasibility in other food products and to know its nutritional attributes, powder was made by drying the leaves and stems of the
plant using different drying technique such as Sun drying, Lyophilize drying, Tray drying. The physico-chemical analysis of powder was
done to get a comparative result in which the lyophilize dried powder has the most significant result. The physico-chemical property revealed
a good amount of carbohydrates (58.15%), Ash (12.39%), protein (4.01 %) and fat (4.46 %) contents. The plant posses a high antioxidant
property of 77.25% and a total phenolic content of 40µg/ ml. Characterization of the leaves have been done to study the crystalline and
amorphous nature of the powder. The heavy metal determination of the powder with ICPMS showed a significant amount of arsenic i.e.
300ng/g along with the presence of other metals. The study is purposed for bringing this underutilized green vegetable in main stream
research as it is cheap, nutritious and is eaten by poor section of people in our country.
Key word: - Drying technique, lyophilize drying, total phenolic conent, Tray drying, crystalline, amorphous, characterization.
GNRSA-2020/483
MEAN PERFORMANCE AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS FOR SEED YIELD AND COMPONENTS TRAITS IN MUNGBEAN
[VIGNARADIATAL. WILCZEK] GENOTYPES
PANDIT PRAVEEN KUMAR*1, 2, G. ROOPA LAVANYA1, SANJAY KUMAR SANADYA2, K PRIYATHAM1, CS KAZIPYO1, BG
SURESH 1
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007
(Uttar Pradesh) India
2
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh KrishiVishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062
(Himachal Pradesh) India
Mungbean [Vigna radiata] belongs to the family leguminoceae is an excellent source of easily digestible proteins with low flatulence which
complements the staple rice diet in Asia. A field experiment with 40 genotypes of mungbean was conducted at Experimental Farm, SHUATS
Allahabad during Kharif-2017 to study the correlation and mean performance for seed yield and its component traits. Genotypes were
evaluated in Randomized Block Design with a single check SAMRAT. Mean performance for earliness revealed that Genotype JLM-1758
and JLM-1757 were earlier over check. In the case of seed yield per plant, genotypesPM 9-11, BPMR 145 and RMG 1030 exhibited
significant performance over the check. Therefore, these genotypes can be utilized for mungbean improvement program. The correlation of
seed yield per plant was positive and significant at the phenotypic level with days to 50% flowering, clusters per plant, pod length, seeds per
plant. Therefore, selection based on these component traits would results in improvement in seed yield of mungbean. Protein content showed
a negative correlation with clusters per plant and non-significant with other traits.
Keyword: Correlation, mungbean, path analysis, seed yield
GNRSA-2020/484
EFFICACY OF FUNGITOXICANTS IN VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS AGAINST ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA (FRIES),
KEISSLER, CAUSING LEAF SPOT OF COTTON
PARUL TRIVEDI
Department of Botany, D. G. P.G. College, Kanpur
Cotton (Gossypium L.) is one of the most important commercial crop playing a key role in economic and social affairs of the world. It is
mainly cultivated as a fibre as well as oil yielding cash crop Alternaria alternata is amongst the main pathogen which causes great loss to the
crop. So, in order to protect the crop, efficacy of some of the fungitoxicants was assessed by observing the inhibition on the development of
lesions produced by Alternaria causing leaf spot of cotton. For this a dosage response was studied in different concentrations viz, 0.05%,
0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.40% and 0.60% of fungitoxicants to pathogenic effects of Alternaria. Fresh healthy leaves of same age were excised
and collected in polythene bags. Fungitoxicants in dilutions of 0.05 – 0.40% were inoculated by spraying with an automizer at the point of
injury made. The results of pathogenic effect viz, light yellow lesion (LY), yellowish brown lesion etc, were observed in different
concentrations of fungitoxicants along with control. It was evident from the data that all the fungitoxicants used in different concentrations
were better in performance in comparison to control. Out of the 24 fungicides and an antibiotic (Aureofungin) tested, Agrosan G.N., Captan,
Ceresan, Thiram, Vitavax etc. proved to be most effective as they did not produce any pathogenic effects. The phytotoxic effects were
recorded in the treatment with dithane M-45, while extensive brown spots were observed in the treatment with Bavistin and Ziram in different
concentration except light brown lesions in 0.10% concentration of Bavistin. Some fungitoxicants produced extensive brown spots in lower
concentration and afterwards in higher concentration, decreased the intensity of pathogenic effect. Hence as the concentration of
fungitoxicants increased, the phytotoxic effects were found decreased.
Key words – Fungitoxicants, Gossypium, Alternaria alternata, lesions, automizer, phytotoxic.
GNRSA-2020/485
SCREENING OF MUSTARD GENOTYPES AGAINST ALTERNARIA BLIGHT UNDER NATURAL EPIPHYTOTIC
CONDITIONS
PHANINDRA P V*, S.S. VAISH, SHIV SHANKAR PATEL, VANDANASAHU, ASHWANI KUMAR PATEL
Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural sciences, BHU.
Mustard (Brassica sp.) is the second most important oilseed crop in India after soya bean contributing about 20-22 percent of all oilseed
production. Globally, India contributes 12 percent of world’s total oilseed production and ranks third after china and Canada. The crop suffers
from a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses such as downy mildew, alternaria blight, powdery mildew, slerotinia rot,
white rust, bacterial rot and mosaics. Among the fungal diseases, leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicae and/or A. brassicola is the
devastating disease causing significant yield losses ranging from 25-65 per cent. The infection occurs on stem, leaf and pods. In initial stages
small spots appear on the leaves. At the later stages these concentric spots coalesce together to give a blighted appearance. In severe cases the
whole plant appears blighted and formation of no or shriveled grains. A total of 267 genotypes were used to screen against the disease under
natural epiphytotic conditions. The percent disease incidence varied from 15 to 50 percent. Out of these 18 genotypes showed resistant or
moderately resistant response against the disease. None of them were found highly resistant to the disease. Resistant sources are required for
breeders to develop effective breeding lines. These lines can be used as a donor parents in breeding programs to develop Alternaria blight
resistant varieties.
Key words: Mustard, Alternaria blight, Screening, Genotypes, Resistance
GNRSA-2020/486
RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN FARMING SYSTEMS IN NORTH KONKAN COASTAL ZONE REGION OF
MAHARASHTRA
PHUGE, S.C.1*, A.C.DEORUKHAKAR2, A.V.MESHRAM3, V.A.THORAT4, J.S. DHEKALE5, AND S.S.WADKAR6
1.Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agril. Economics, Lokmangal College of Agriculture, Wadala, Dist.- Solapur, 3. Assistant
Professor, Dept. of Agril. Economics, College of Agriculture, Konghara, Dist.- Yevatmal, 2.Professor, 4 and
5.AssociateProfessor, 6. Head, Department of Agricultural Economics,
The study was conducted to estimate resource use efficiency in major farming systems in North Konkan coastal zone region of Maharashtra.
For this study 251 farmers from Palghar, Thane and Raigad district were selected. The analysis revealed that, There source use efficiency in
crop based farming systems indicated that, human labour, fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were positive and influencing factors on
production. The sum of regression coefficients indicated decreasing returns to scale. In horticulture based farming systems the results of
resource use efficiency indicated that, human labour, fertilizers and irrigation were positive and influencing factors on production. The sum of
regression coefficients indicated decreasing returns to scale. The results of resource use efficiency in livestock based farming systems
indicated that, human labour, irrigation and veterinary aid were positive and influencing factors on production. The sum of regression
coefficients indicated constant returns to scale.It is indicated that, there is great scope for reallocation or rearrangement of the existing
resources and also it is possible to increase the net income supported by proper allocation at increased resource level and adoption of package
of practices with recommended technology.
Key wards: Resource use efficiency, farming enterprises etc.
GNRSA-2020/487
CANNABIS SATIVA –MOST EFFICIENT CROP FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
PINKY KOTHARI, SHREYA SINGH CHAUHAN AND ANUSHKA AGARWAL

Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Technology, Meerut, UP
The world's demand for petroleum-dependent fuels has risen steeply due to increasing urbanization and industrialization. The search for
alternative energy sources is very important to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Reducing fossil fuel dependency is a big problem for both
developing as well as developed countries because it is a limited source of energy and also responsible for climate change and other
environment-related problems. Biofuel is the renewable developing alternative of fossil fuel. Biodiesel are more biodegradable, sustainable,
and eco-friendly than fuels based on petroleum. A potential source for the production of biodiesel is the Cannabis sativa plant. It is a
herbaceous plant, and its farming has a low cost and low effect on the environment. It is regarded as a good source for the conversion of its
biomass into biodiesel production due to its physiochemical and fuel properties. Its seed has high oil content which can be further fermented
to create low carbon fuels. In order to produce bio fuel from Cannabis sativa, its seeds are crushed in a mechanical expeller machine and
further undergo a single-step base-catalyzed transesterification process or nano catalytic gasification. In nano catalytic gasification cobalt and
nickel have been used which helps in increasing the effective conversion of biomass into biodiesel due to the high surface to volume ratio of
nanocatalyst. Hence the efficiency of biodiesel production from Cannabis sativa through nano catalytic gasification is 53% higher as
compared to the existing production process.
GNRSA-2020/488
FOREST COVER MAPPING USING REMOTE SENSING
*PITTALA MANOJ KUMAR

*M.Sc. Agronomy. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Bihar
Forests act as ecological and also socio-economic resource. Judicious management of forests were needed not only for environmental
protection but also for other services viz. various products and industrial raw materials. National Forest Policy (1988) in India aims at
maintaining a minimum of 33 percent of country’s geographical area under forest and tree cover. This requires periodic monitoring of the
forest cover of the country for effective planning and sustainable development. Forest Survey of India (FSI), an organization under the
Ministry of Environment & Forests has been mandated to monitor and map country’s forest cover on a biennial basis. Consequently, FSI has
been carrying out assessment of forest cover in the country using satellite based remote sensing data and has been publishing its findings in
the State of Forest Report (SFR) every two years. With the improvement in satellite data resolution and adoption of digital image processing
by FSI, it has been possible to assess forest cover patches as small as 1ha. The area under forest in India is about 75 million ha. constituting
23% of total Geographical area. The rapid depletion of forests made it essential to know the rate and trend of this degradation so that timely
measures could be taken to prevent further loss of forest resources. Timely and accurate information for detecting changes over a period of
time is required for forest ecosystems studies. This can be done through repetitive and cost effective technique of remote sensing. Accurate
forest cover/vegetation map information are essential for formulating various management plans. Remote sensing technology can be
effectively used for change detection and monitoring activities.
Keywords: Forest mapping, natural resources, Remote sensing, GIS
GNRSA-2020/489
ASSESSING STATEWISE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RATES OF COVID-19 IN INDIA.
POOJA SINGH*, A.K. UPADHYAY AND MAANSI

Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemilogy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture
and Technology, Pantnagar-263145 Uttarakhand, India
Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) is a global medical issue with a high pace of serious clinical cases. It has spread through the vast
majority of the world about 210 nations and has influenced more than 2.52 million individuals with a high case fatality rate. In late
December, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology
detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China and in India the first case was diagnosed in southernmost state Kerala the situations are
more worsen in states with high international migration. The epidemiological rates study was conducted for all covid-19 affected states and
union territories of India. Data were retrieved from from Worldometer, covid 19india/ api: Our database- Github, Ministry of health and
family welfare, ICMR and NCDC. Morbidity, Mortality, Case fatality rate (CFR) and Recovery rates (RR) were calculated for each state and
comparison of CFR and RR among states with total cases was observed from beginning of first case till 30 November, 2020. The morbidity
rating first five states are Delhi (3375.3), Goa (3288.4) Maharastra (1623.0), Puducherry (2959.6) and Tamil Naidu (1083.7) whereas Delhi
(54.0), Puducherry (48.7), Goa (47.1), Maharastra (41.9), Chandigarh (26.2) are for high mortality rate. Punjab (3.16%) and M aharashtra
(2.58%), reported highest case fatality rate followed by Sikkim, Gujarat, West Bengal with highest recovery rate in Andhra Pradesh and
Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Obtaining definite and precise clinical history from COVID-19 patients, and analyzing morbidity, mortality, CFR
alongside the recovery rate, may help in the identification of the highest disease burden areas so that better and necessary medical care may
be provided to expand the probabilities of survival of COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: COVID-19, morbidity, mortality, Case fatality rates and recovery rates.
GNRSA-2020/490
ASSESSMENT OF BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
E.COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP
POOJA SINGH, RV SINGH, ANJU NAYAK AND BHAVANA GUPTA

Department of VPH & Epidemiology
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur- 482001(MP)
The present study was done to observe the bacteriological quality of milk and milk products (42 each of raw milk, khoa, ice-creams, flavored
milk and dahi) by standard plate count (SPC), coliform count and observing the presence of E.coli and Salmonella. The present study showed
that milk-30.9%, khoa-83.34%, icecream-11.9%, flavored milk- 23.8%, dahi- 42.85% samples had higher SPC than prescribed limit of
FSSAI. The coliform study revealed that milk- 64.2 %, khoa-35.66%, ice-cream - 40.47%, flavored milk- 21.4%, dahi- 28.57 % had higher
counts.The occurrence study of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in milk and milk products revealed presence of23.33% and 7.61%, respectively.
The higher occurrence of E. coli was observed in raw milk (40.47%),followed by icecream (28.57%), khoa (21.42%), dahi (16.62%) and
flavored milk(9.52%).Similarly, the occurrence of salmonella spp. was found highest in raw milk and dahi each (14.2%), followed by
icecream (9.52%)and khoa(4.76%) and without any isolate in flavored milk. Molecular characterization of isolates revealed that out of 49
isolates of E. coli 55.1%, 11.1%, 29.6% and 3.7% had uspA, stx1,stx2 and stx1 andstx2, respectively. Out of 16 isolates of Salmonella spp.
from milk and milk products samples 31.2% isolates were found positive for invA gene. In vitro antimicrobial drug sensitivity/resistance
pattern of E. coli and Salmonella isolates showed the higher sensitivity to netillin, gentamicin, amikacin, and chloramphenicol, ofloxacin,
kanamycin, norfloxacin.
GNRSA-2020/491
FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT OF ASALIO CAUSED BY ALTERNARIA
ALTERNATA
POONAM KUMARI1*, AMIT TRIVEDI1, AKANSHA DEORA1 AND PEMPEE2

1-Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur 313001
2- Department of Plant Pathology, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 303328
The present study was on Factors affecting development of Alternaria leaf spot of Asalio caused by Alternaria alternata. The disease was
found to be very severe in all Asalio growing areas causing heavy destruction. The main aim of this investigation was to find out effect of age
of the host (at 10 days after sowing, 20 DAS, 30 DAS and 40 DAS) and inoculum density ( at inoculum density 1 × 10 1 conidia ml-1 , 1 ×
102 conidia ml-1 , 1 × 103 conidia ml-1 and 1 × 104 conidia ml-1 ) in Alternaria leaf spot disease development. The result shows that the
susceptibility in Asalio increased with increase in age on inoculatios of A. alternata. Maximum disease was obtained in the plants ageing 40
DAS with PDI 55.60 per cent. Among the variously examined levels of inoculum concentrations. The two lower concentrations 1 × 101 and 1
× 102 conidia ml-1 exhibited significant difference in the PDI (20.00 and 31.20 respectively) with in each other. 1 × 103 and 1 × 104 conidia ml-
1
inoculum levels were found to be significantly at par to each other with PDI (39.20 and 40.80 respectively). 1 × 103 conidia ml-1 inoculum
concentration was optimum for causing highest level of disease.
Keywords: Age of host, Alternaria, inoculum concentrations, PDI, Lepidium sativum
GNRSA-2020/492
MANAGEMENT OF PIGEON PEA WILT
POORVASANDHYA R, B. SINHA, PH. SOBITA DEVI

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal - 795004
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a versatile pulse crop and is the second most important pulse crop next to chickpea in India. In Manipur, it is
cultivated in the sloppy areas and in some isolated or elevated areas. In the main Kharif, Fusarium wilt is the economically important disease
that is most widely distributed. The present study deals with understanding the pathogen of pigeon pea wilt and its management. The plant
exhibit pronounced symptoms at reproductive stage and pathogenicity of F. udumwas proved bysoil inoculation method. Initially,
morphological study revealed the pathogen character as Fusarium sp. and molecular studies confirmed as Fusarium oxysporumf. sp.
udumwith NCBI Accession number MN503267. Among fungicides tested, Thiophanate Methyl has shown the highest percent (93.17%) of
inhibition at a concentration of 0.05%. Propiconazole with Difenoconazole combination and Azoxystrobin with Difenoconazolecombination
have revealed cent percent of inhibition at 360ppm concentration. Among the herbicides and insecticides, Pretilachlor and Chloropyriphos
have shown the highest (73.75% and 100%) percent of inhibition respectively. Among the plant extracts, garlic revealed the highest (90.25%)
percent of inhibition. Among the six tested bio-agents, T. harzianum(KU933474) exhibited highest growth inhibition (77.5%). In vivo
efficacy of different treatments of Trichoderma spp. has shown reduction in disease incidence under field condition. The plots treated with
combination of T. harzianum and T. asperellumobserved positive results in yield attributing characters with lesser incidence of disease as
compared to control.
Keywords: Agro-chemicals, botanicals, bio-agents, Fusarium udum and pathogenicity.
GNRSA-2020/493
PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) THROUGH LIMING UNDER RAIN FED CONDITION OF
NORTHEAST INDIA.
1
POPIHA BORDOLOI, 2DR. MOKIDUL ISLAM
1
Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Ri- Bhoi, ICAR (RC) for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya
2
Principal Scientist and Head, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Ri- Bhoi, ICAR (RC) for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya
Agriculture is the major economic activity of North eastern part of India but the productivity of agricultural crop is very less only because of
improper management of agricultural activities. Soil acidity is a prime factor of low productivity of some of the major crops. A Front Line
Demonstration (FLD) was conducted at the farmers’ field during the year 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to test the feasibility of a
technology in the RiBhoi District of Meghalaya. The aim of the demonstration was to management of acidic soils by application of lime for
increased the productivity of Maize (Zea mays) for maintaining the soil health and reducing the rate of chemical fertilizers. The
demonstration was consists of 2 treatments with 10 numbers of trials in ten different farmers’ field of RiBhoi District of Meghalaya. The total
area of the demonstration was 4 ha. The results of the FLD revealed that the application of Lime @ 500kg/ ha in furrows + 50 %
recommended dose of fertilizers + 1 ton/ ha vermicompost gave significantly higher yield followed by Farmers practice. The average yield
was significantly increase in all the years (41.77 q/ha) as compared to Farmers practice (23.17 q/ha) with increased BC ratio of 2.10 as
compared to Farmers practice (BC ratio 1.4). Moreover improved and significantly higher soil nutrient status was recorded for all the years as
compared to Farmers practice. So, the integrated use of Lime in Furrows along with NPK fertilizers and vermicompost can be effectively
used for increased the productivity of Maize crop and can reduce the rate of Lime application for sustaining the soil nutrient and maintain the
soil acidity in Northeast India.
Key words: FLD, Maize, Soil health, RCM 1/3, Northeast India.
GNRSA-2020/494
PRINSEPIA UTILIS ROYLE: AN ECONOMICALLY PROMISING NON-WOOD FORESTRY SPECIES OF THE HIMALAYAS
PRABAL KUMAR1, RAKESH KUMAR2, DEVENDRA KUMAR1, AMAN KUMAR3

1
Silviculture Division and Forest Management Division, Forest Research Institute, New Forest Campus, Dehradun- 248006
2
Forest Geoinformatics Division, Forest Survey of India, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun-248195
3
Silviculture Division and Forest Management Division, (Non-Wood ForestProducts)Forest Research Institute, New Forest Campus,
Dehradun- 248006
Prinsepia utilis Royle, commonly known as Bhekal, Bekhal or Bekoi, is a moderate-sized perennial woody shrubfrequently occurring
throughout the Himalaya including Chakrata hills in altitudes of 1000 to 3000 m asl. To conduct the scientific study and documentation of the
indigenous traditional knowledge related to P utilisRoyle are the main objective of this study. Several ethnobotanical surveys were carried out
from July 2016 to June 2018 to achieve this goal. The study revealed several traditional usages as a potential source of edible oil, fuel, fodder
and medicines and in many ritualistic practices. Despite the extraordinary potential benefits of P. utilisin the socio-economics of people of
this region, the diminished interests in its utilisation have led to poor conservation and depletion of its genetic resources. Owing to its multi-
purpose benefits and usages, it can be a highly promising plant for the upliftment of the socio-economic status of the native peoples living in
Jaunsar-Bawar region of the Himalaya. The underutilised tremendous economic potential of this plant can be harnessed by encouraging
commercial cultivation of P. utilis for its oilseeds. The businesses related to oilseed collection, processing and oil extraction can flourish and
improve the socioeconomic status of this region.
Keywords: Bhekal, Economic potentials, Indigenous knowledge, Jaunsar-Bhawar, Prinsepia utilis Royle.
GNRSA-2020/495
SENSORY EVALUATION OF GULKAND DURING STORAGE AT AMBIENT CONDITIONS
PRACHI TAMRAKAR 1 , MR. T.L SAHU 2 , NIKHIL PARIHAR 3

3 Department of Fruit Science, Pt. K.L. Shukla COHRS, Rajnandgaon, IGKV Raipur
An experiment was carried out in the Pt. K. L. Shukla Collage of Horticulture and Research Station Rajnandgaon (C.G) during October, 2019
to March, 2020 “” The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with twelve treatment combinations of gulkand which was
replicated three times. The effect of ingredient combination on sensory evaluation of gulkand at the time of storage were evaluated. The
gulkand treatment combination T4- rose petal + sugar (1:1.25w/w) was found best over the rest treatments with respect to Sensory qualities
that showed declining trend with the advancement of storage days i.e. colour (8.56), texture (9.38) and overall acceptability (8.26) which was
found best in treatment combination T4-rose petal + sugar (1:1.25w/w) whereas highest flavor was found in T 2 (8.78)- rose petal + sugar
(1:0.75 w/w) and taste (8.93) was found in T3 -rose petal + sugar (1:1 w/w).
GNRSA-2020/496
ORGANIC FARMING IN VEGETABLE CROPS
1
PRADEEP KUMAR SAHU, 2AZLAN KHAN, 1HEMANT KUMAR, 1SUMIT SAHU
1
Department of Horticulture, Pt. S.K.S. College of Agriculture & Research Station Rajnandgaon-491441 (C.G.) India
2
Department of Agriculture Extension, Pt. S.K.S. College of Agriculture & Research Station Rajnandgaon-491441 (C.G.) India
When You ask other farmers about organic vegetable farming ,they will say it is costly, laborious and troublesome . which requiring much
effort and time then other cultivation methods.We also agree with them but there is a process we find that can minimize all of them in
reasonable shape .In this article ,we will guide for the reason why vegas digital marketing you to start growing organic vegetable in a short
time and much easier way . This types of agricultural system are highly rewarding as well as risky .so, before starting your farm there are
several thing to know .i.e. 1) why organic farming is can be challenging for beginners.2) What are the benefits of nonchemical vegetable
farming at home .we already answer the second one. Organic vegetable farming is somewhat challenging for new farmers . As they do not
have enough experience and knowledge about this cultivation .The component that organic vegetable farming requires is manures,
Biofertilizers ,Vermicompost ,Nitrogen ,potassium ,Phosphorus ,Sulfur ,Green Sand ,Rock Phosphate Boron ,Magnesium Sulfate ,Iron
Sulfate ,Aluminium Sulfate ,Guano ,Bone meal ,Gluconate etc.To create the perfect soil for vegetable, nonchemical vegetable farmers vastly
relays on compost or natural fertilizer .Green manure helps to get nitrogen from the atmosphere increase soil nutrients ,prevents erosion
,furthermore it stores and holds the organic matter & nutrients in non growth season .Crop rotation and green manure are also used to prevent
diseases & insects. The farmer also use animal manure which is a great advantage for the land. The potash fill the deficiency of potassium in
the soil .The phosphorus and the green sand are the products of potassium which fills the gap of mineral for the soil.Moreover ,commercial
fertilizer are also used in the management like blood meal ,seabird Guano ,pelleted poultry manure .As you may be guessed that organic
fertilizers are very influential to growing plants. Actually ,any plants can thrive in your land .But the weeds and the unwanted plants also
takes this advantages. They grow rapidly and harms vegetables and crops Lets guide you sating up steps of organic farming in the garden
.All the equipment needs to be naturals system is different from the conventional agriculture techniques cause this cultivation doesn’t require
any chemical substance.To get the most out of your farm the soil management thrives in the loose fertile soil.To do so ,organic fertilizer has
to mix with the soil. Making the soil and mixing procedure procedure needs many efforts but you’d prefer to begin planting immediately
.Also ,we have learned that raised bed is more productive . So , the complete solution is – create your bed in any shape you prefer .Dig the
soil to 8-10 inches deep .Raise the bed to 4 inches to 6 inches up .Therefore ,it will provide 12-16 inch depth to allow roots to grow. The bed
depth is dependent on the vegetable varieties .Mix compost fertilizer with the soil .The minimum ratio should be 1:1.The rich soil that you
have formulated ,can grow any crop at any season .But not effective any doing so can destroy your small scall farm. We will advise you to
cultivate seasonal vegetables. But if you are desperate to produce certain crops it may work but require much care and jobs.Your garden
progress is influenced by the climate and pests. Contact the local government agriculture office to find out what types of vegetable to grow in
your garden during this session Organic or naturals non –chemical agriculture method can grow any vegetables. But here is the most
profitable and popular organic vegetables- Spinach ,Swiss Chard ,Green ,Herbs, Kale & Leeks ,Lettuce, Peas ,Beans ,Tomatoes cherry ,Okra
eggplant , Squash & pumpkins ,Cucumbers , Watermelons, Melons. Advantage of natural green agriculture are endless .This may encourage
you to be more determined to set up your natural farming garden .Firstly This farming keeps the farmers healthy and safe fro m critical
chemicals. Those substances are more deadly to Farmers. Keeps the consumers healthy and risk free. So the local demand is high .Organic
food produces healthy and safe .chemicals and pesticides are so much evil to the human body .The Harvested crop have 50% more nutrients
and vitamins than other methods. Keep the nearby environment safe and save helpful insects. Demandable and the future of the next era of
agriculture .The Organic seed are inexpensive and come in a various range of varieties ,however ,you may require to raise them inside at least
a few weeks. And some vegetable (like beans, Carrots ,peas ,spinach etc.) .
Keywords:- Organic vegetable farming, marketing, biofertilizers, organic pesticides, seed production.
GNRSA-2020/497
STUDIES ON POST HARVEST QUALITY OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF TUBEROSE (POLIANTHES TUBEROSA LINN)
PRADEEP KUMAR SAHU , HEMANT KUMAR, AZLAN KHAN AND SUBHNITA SAHU
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri , Rajnandgaon (C.G.)
The present investigation entitled was “Studies on post harvest quality of different cultivars of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn)
conducted during the period from September, 2018 to January, 2019 at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Pt. K.L.S.
College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri Rajnandgaon (C.G.). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design
with three replications. Tuberose varieties like Vaibhav, Pearl Double, Calcutta Double, JK T- 4, Mexican Single, Shringar, Suvasini, Phule
Rajani, Hyderabad Single, and Hyderabad Double was used for the experiment. The varietal difference had significant influence on the vase
life parameters and biochemical parameters of tuberose in the present study. Among the varieties studied Suvasini recorded the maximum
fresh weight (g) of cut spike during the all stages of observation (at harvest, on 3rd day and 5th day in vase and at senescence). Suvasini
recorded the maximum moisture percent of cut spike both at harvest and at senescence. Suvasini recorded the maximum water uptake (ml) in
vase during all the stages (on 3rd day and 5th day in vase and at senescence i.e., total water uptake) .Suvasini recorded the maximum number
of florets per spike, length of florets (cm) and diameter of florets (cm). Suvasini recorded the longest vase life (days) of cut spike .Suvasini
recorded the maximum sugar content (mg\g fresh weight) in petals. Suvasini recorded the maximum peroxidase content (Units g tissue-1
min.-1) in petals.
Keywords: Tuberose, spikes, different cultivars, post harvest quality and vase- life
GNRSA-2020/498
EFFECTS OF AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION IN HUMAN LIFE AND ITS SECURITY
JYOTI GUPTA*AND RAMRATAN SINGH**

Chandra Shekhar Azad Unversity of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur
The environment is the most transnational of transnational issues and its security is an important dimension of peace, national security and
human rights that is just now being understood.. Environmental security is central to national security, comprising the dynamics and
interconnections among the natural resource base, the social fabric of the state and the economic engine for local and regional stability. While
the precise roles of the environment in peace, conflict, destabilization and human insecurity may differ from situation to situation and as such
are still being debated in relation to other security and conflict variables, there are growing indications that it is increasingly an underlying
cause of instability, conflict and unrest. To the extent humankind neglects to maintain the globe’s life supporting eco-systems generating
water, food, medicine and clean air, current and future generations will be confronted with increasingly severe instances of environmentally
induced changes. The globe's life-supporting eco-systems generating water, food, medicine, and clean air, current and future generations will
be confronted with increasingly severe instances of environmentally induced changes. Such events will test our traditional concepts,
boundaries, and understandings of national security and alliance politics and, if taken for granted, may lead to conflict, including violent
conflict, from the global to the regional, national, local or human level. Most men control the resources and decision making and gender
differences is oftenly missing on the consideration with regard to hygiene and sanitation initiatives. India has several initiatives on the gender
and water sanitation. Several gender risks related conditions are noted for health inequity outcomes: open area for urinate and defecate that
led to sexual assaulted; lack of water in the family; lack of sanitary for girls etc. Noise can interfere with sleep, rest and conversation and
cause fatigue, irritability, headaches and stress. Many Surveys show that noise is an important environmental concern for most Indian. We all
need to contain and reduce noise and protect ourselves from sources of noise in order to enjoy a healthy life. The natural environment
contains many sources of noise –wind, volcanoes, oceans, and animal sounds are all familiar intrusions accepted at various levels. Man-made
noises – from machines, automobiles, trains, planes, explosives and firecrackers, etc. – are more contentious. Both kinds of noise affect sleep,
hearing, communication, as well as mental and physical health. Air pollution is a major environment related health threat to children and a
risk factor for both acute and chronic respiratory disease. Outdoor air pollution is large and increasing a consequence of the inefficient
combustion of fuels for transport, power generation and other human activities like home heating and cooking. Air filter is most likely located
right next to furnace or air conditioning system air handler. The air handler is the large box containing the fan and fan motor. The air handler
pulls air in from the house through the “return” duct system and then blows the air through the heating or cooling system and back into the
house through the duct system. The air filter is typically located at the point where the return duct enters the air handler. The air filter will be
inside. Increasingly, air handlers are being installed in attics. This sometimes limited space will require installation of the air filter in the
return. The filter is accessed by removing the grate covering the return duct. It is now unusual to have several returns in a house, with an air
filter installed in each return.
Keywords: Pollution, Effects, Security, Health.
GNRSA-2020/499
EVALUATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS FOR DIVERSIFICATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN NORTH KONKAN COASTAL
ZONE OF MAHARASHTRA
PHUGE, S. C.1*, A.C.DEORUKHAKAR2, A.V.MESHRAM3, V.A. THORAT4 AND P. J. KSHIRSAGAR5
1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agril. Economics, Lokmangal College of Agriculture, Wadala, Dist.- Solapur, 3. Assistant
Professor, Dept. of Agril. Economics, College of Agriculture, Konghara,Dist.-Yevatmal, 2.Professor, 4 Associate Professor, 5.
Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics,
The study was conducted to evaluate farming systems for diversification and Sustainability in north Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra. For
the study three districts, nine tahsils, twenty seven villages and251 farmers from Palghar, Thane and Raigad district were selected. The
analysis revealed that, among three farming systems bases the comparative higher SVI was noticed case of horticulture based farming system
compared to crop based and livestock based farming systems. The system wise comparison of SVI indicated that horticulture in combination
with field crops (HFS-I) was comparatively more suitable over other farming systems. The farmers of all the farming systems were having
sustainable farm income. Farming systems viz. HFS-I and HFS-II were found to be comparatively more sustainable over other farming
systems, which indicated, its importance and need to concentrate on these enterprises for making farming systems more sustainable. In
Kharif season, less crop diversification (HI- more than 0.66) was observed in all the farming systems. In Rabi season, more crop
diversification (HI- less than 0.48) was observed in all the farming systems except LFS-I. In Summer season, less crop
diversification was observed in all the farming systems CFS-II followed by HFS-I. In Summer season in CFS-I, CFS-II, LFS-I
and LFS-II farming system, there were no area under crop. Hence, no crop concentration as well as diversification was observed.
Key wards: Sustainability value index, diversification, farming systems etc.
GNRSA-2020/500
EVALUATE THE VASE – LIFE AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GLADIOLUS
(GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORUS L.)
PRADEEP KUMAR SAHU , HEMANT KUMAR, AZLAN KHAN AND SUBHNITA SAHU
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri, Rajnandgaon (C.G.)
India
The present investigation entitled “Evaluate the vase – life and biochemical parameters of different varieties of gladiolus (Gladiolus
grandiflorus L.) Was conducted during the period of October 2018 to March 2019 at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape
Architecture, Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri Rajnandgaon (C.G.).The experiment was laid out in
Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Nine gladiolus cultivars (African Star, Friendship, Hunting Song,
Priscilla, Punjab Dawn, Regency, Sancerre, Sunayana, and Swapnil).The observations on different post harvest and b iochemical
parameters were recorded and the results obtained are summarized below. Swap nil recorded the best performance with respect
of most of the post harvest parameters i.e. days to opening of 5th florets, days to withering of 5th florets, number of f lorets open
at a time, percentage of open florets/spike, water uptake on 5th day (ml), total water uptake (ml), vase- life (days) and pigment
content. Regency show the best performance with respect of days to opening of 3 rd and 4th florets, days to withering of 3 rd and 4th
florets. The maximum diameter of 3 rd, 4th 5th florets and reducing sugar was recorded with cv. Priscilla. The maximum Non-
reducing sugar & total sugar was recorded with cv. Friendship while dry weight of cut spikes at senescence was recorded with
cv. Punjab Dawn.
Key words: Gladiolus, Cultivars, vase- life biochemical parameters and spikes.
GNRSA-2020/501
EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIALS ON VASE LIFE OF TUBEROSE (Polianthes tuberose) CV. SHRINGAR
PRADEEP KUMAR SAHU, HEMANT KUMAR, AZLAN KHAN AND SUBHNITA SAHU
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture and Research Station Pendri, Rajnandgaon (C.G.)
A study was carried out to evaluate the role of packing methods on vase life of tuberose. The packing methods in which the spikes wrapped in
the treatment T1 (LDPE 100 gauge) showed the best result in terms of change in weight on 3 rd day and at senescence, water uptake on 3rd day,
vase life of cut spike, number of florets open at a time, percentage of open florets, however T 2 (LDPE 200 gauge) was found superior with
respect of opening of fifth floret (day), withering of 5 th floret (day), dry weight of cut spike at senescence, percentage of partial open florets
and T3 (Radium paper) recorded, change in weight on 6 th day, water uptake on 6th day and at senescence. While the T5 (Brown paper) was
found to be best in term of percentage of unopened florets, change in reducing sugars.T 7 (Control) was found to be best in terms of change in
total sugars and change in non-reducing sugars.
Keywords: Packing, Tuberose, Spikes, LDPE, Radium paper, Brown paper and Metal paper
GNRSA-2020/502
CLIMATIC CHANGES AND EFFECTS ON AGRICULTURE
PRADEEP KUMAR
Department of Zoology, S. G. N. Government P.G. College Muhammadabad,Gohna, Mau-276403 (U.P.), India
Climate is major facture which determine the agricultural productivity and economy of farmers. Its concern over the potential effects on
agriculture sectors which motivated a substantial research over the past many decade. Agricultural systems are also managed health of the
ecosystems. Therefore, it’s given the fundamental role in human welfare and food security. The role of human activities and adaptations are
responding to climate change, possible regional impacts to agricultural systems and potential changes in patterns of food production and
prices. This body of research addresses possible the effect of climatic changes and their impact on agriculture, such as changes crop and
livestock yields, as well as the economic consequences of these potential yield changes.Climate change expected to influence the crop and
livestock production, hydrologic balances, and other components of agricultural systems and environmental conditions which directly or
indirectly related to the agriculture. Thus, the human response is critical to understanding and estimating the effects of climate change on crop
production and food supply. Agricultural systems are also dynamic producers and consumers are continuously responding to changes in
crop and livestock yields, food prices, input prices, resource availability, and technological change. In India substantial work has been
done in last many decades to understanding the nature of environment and climatic changes in yield of different crops according to climate
change. In modern agriculture the crop simulation models can be used to study the impact of climate change on agricultural production and
food security. The studies of different literatures are providing appropriate crop management and different technique to farmers and others
with alternative options for their farming system in climatic effects.
Keywords: Climatic changes, Agriculture, Livestock, Human welfare.
GNRSA-2020/503
BIOFORTIFICATION OFZINC IN RICE
PRADEEP RAJPUT, ADESH SINGH AND RAVINDRA KUMAR RAJPUT

Corresponding Author: pradeep16041996@gmail.com
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is second most important cereals crop in world. Rice provides 35–60% of the dietary calories and 50-80% of the
energy intake of the people in developing countries and in India it is 31%. Globally rice was grown in an area about 163.2 million
hectare, production 751.9 million tons and productivity 4.60 tons ha -1(Anonymous 2016). In India rice was grown with an area
ofabout43.95millionhectares, production of 106.26 million tons and with productivity of 2.4t ha -1(Anonymous 2016). Rice
biofortification program aims at agronomic and genetic enrichment of crop grain and food products with vital nutrients, vitamins and
proteins. Micronutrients are not only essential for plant growth and development but are also integral to human and animal he alth. In
the last two decades, the concept of hidden hunger (deficiency of certain vitamins and micronutrients despite eating enough calories)
has been well established (Nilson and Piza, 1998). As a result, the importance of micronutrient nutrition specially Zn is increasing at a
great pace. Biofortification is the development of nutrient dense staple food crops using the best conventional breeding practices and
modern biotechnology, without sacrificing agronomic performance and important consumer preferred traits. Biofortifi cation focused
on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing. Biofortification is an effective and cheaper alternate to tr aditional
ways of combating micronutrient deficiencies, i.e., healthy food, micronutrient supplementation, and food fortification. These
conventional methods are difficult to afford for a large proportion of the world’s population, especially those with limited r esources
and low incomes (Haas et al., 2005). Increasing the micronutrient content of grain by biofortification offers great potential to combat
micronutrient deficiency and dramatically impact on human health. Zn plays diverse roles in different cellular processes (Ishi maru et
al., 2011). Protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism depend to a great extent on Zn (Rhodes and Klug, 1993; Vallee
and Falchuk, 1993). Zn uptake must be tightly regulated to ensure that the correct amount of Zn is present at all times (Is himaru et al.,
2011). In plants, Zn deficiency results in the accumulation of starch and inactive RNAses, suggesting that RNA degradation could be
regulated by the availability of Zn in the cell (Suzuki etal., 2012).There are several aspects of biofortification but agrono mic aspect
(Ferti- fortification) is simpler one, cost effective and is mostly followed. Application of Zn fertilizers or Zn-enriched fertilizers (ferti-
fortification) offers a rapid solution for increasing Zn concentration in grain and straw. Application of Zn fertilizer (ferti -fortification)
to basmati rice through ZEU, Zn-EDTA and foliar spray of 0.2% (ZnSO 4.H2O) increased Zn concentration in grain and straw, resulting
in greater bio-availability of grain Zn. ZnSO 4application in splits(soil + foliage) soil application + foliar spray at different stages
recorded the highest grain yield with high Zn content in grain and brown rice.
GNRSA-2020/504
EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTING SOYBEAN MEAL WITH SAFFLOWER MEAL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VANARAJA
CHICKEN
PRADUMAN YADAV1, SV RAMA RAO2AND KSVP CHANDRIKA1

1
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad-500030, India
2
ICAR- Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad-500030, India
The poultry industry occupied a leading role among agricultural industries in many parts of the world. Soybean meal is the most extensively
used protein source in poultry diets. However, due to inconsistent supply, greater demand, and increasing costs a substitute for soybean meal
is preferred. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the inclusion of various levels (0, 21, 50 and 75 %) of defatted safflower kernel meal
(SKM) on the performance of vanaraja chicks. A total of 180 one day-old vanaraja chicks were used. The treatments were distributed in a
completely randomized design (CRD). Feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gainwere determined at weekly intervals
for two months and serum parameters were measured after eight weeks. The results of vanaraja chicks fed on diets containing different levels
of SKM showed no significant (p >0.05) difference between body weight gain and FCR at different levels of SKM. However, feed intake
reduced significantly with diet containing 75% of SKM. Results also showed that chicks fed on diet containing 50% and 75% of SKM
recorded significantly (p >0.05) higher levels of albumin content. Chicks fed on diet containing 50% of SKM recorded significantly (p >
0.05) high levels of glutathione reductase activity. Activities of glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidase (LP), super oxide dismutase (SOD)
and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) did not vary significantly across the treatments. Overall, the results suggest that SKM has potential to
substitute soybean meal up to 75% in the diet of vanaraja chicks without affecting performance and carcass yield.
GNRSA-2020/505
EFFECT OF INCORPORATION OF LACTULOSE AND LITCHI PULP ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL
ATTRIBUTES OF SHRIKHAND
PRAFULL KUMAR*, ANAMIKA DAS, SRISHTI UPADHYAY, JOHN DAVID AND SANGEETA SHUKLA
SHUATS, Prayagraj, UP, India
Shrikhand is a nutritious traditional fermented milk product which is widely consumed in western parts of India. In the present investigation,
shrikhand was prepared using different combinations of litchi pulp and lactulose. Lactulose was added @ 3%, 6% and 9% where litchi pulp
was added @ 5% and 10% in different formulations. The physico-chemical analysis result shows that with increase in the litchi pulp
concentration from 5 to 10% and lactulose concentration from 3 to 9%, pH increased while fat, protein and acidity decreased. Carbohydrate
and total solids content decreased with increase in litchi pulp concentration from 5 to 10% and it increased when lactulose concentration
increased from 3 to 9%. Ash, antioxidant and crude fiber increased with increase in litchi pulp concentration from 5 to 10% and decreased
when lactulose concentration increased from 3 to 9%.
Keywords: Shrikhand, lactulose, litchi pulp, physico-chemical, microbial.
GNRSA-2020/506
IMPACT OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS DEMAND IN PANDEMIC SITUATION
PRAGYA MISHRA, SUMAN DEVI, SEEMA SONKAR, AND H.G PRAKASH

Centre for Advanced Agricultural Science & Technology on Nutritional Crops
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kanpur
A novel coronavirus pandemic has reached to worldwide with infecting more than one million people and has caused more than 50,000
deaths. During the Pandemic situation, shutdown of Industries, totally lockdown, the social distancing which are being taken by the
governments to stop the spread of COVID-19. The dairy industry is one of the critical industries in producing, processing, packaging,
transporting, selling and serving fresh, nutritious and safe dairy products to the nation and the world due milk is perishable item. During the
shutdown of restaurants, hotels, food industries affect milk products and hit by the drop of demand.The daily demand of dairy products has
reduced 10-15% according to the National Dairy Development Board.The few dairy industries, which process less than 10% of the milk
produced, have continued to be supplied and ensuring uninterrupted flow of milk from producers to the consumers, but they are facing
several challenges. It is very difficult to supply the milk to house hold level, dairy industries which produces dairy products.According to
NDDP the milk products such as ice-creams, milk-based beverages, cream, cheese blocks have found reduction in demand, 35 to 40 percent
fallen in demand of skim milk powder but milk powder, milk in tetra packs and ghee, are rising. According to credit rating agency (ICRA)the
ice-cream sector has more suffered in the first quarter of the year on account of lockdowns as it coincided with peak summer season. The
conclusion is that dairy and dairy products have difficult supplied to consumer and dairy industry and also the reduce the demand of products
especially ice cream and skim milk in pandemic situation.
Keywords: Milk, Paneer, Cheese, Ice Cream, Covid -19.
GNRSA-2020/507
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDY IN EARLY CAULIFLOWER (Brassica oleracea L. Var
Botrytis)
PRAMILA, UDIT KUMAR, SAIPAYAN GHOSH, BISHWAMITRA SINHA AND DEEPAK A.B.
Department of Horticulture, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar-848125
Fifteen genotypes of cauliflower were evaluated to study the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic
divergence. The genotypes were evaluated for fourteen quantitative characters viz., Plant height (cm), Plant spread (cm), No. of leaves, leaf
length(cm) leaf blade width (cm), days to 1st curd initiation, days to 50% curd initiation, net curd weight(g), gross curd weight, curd length,
curd width, harvest duration, harvest index (%), total yield (q/ha). The present study showed that PCV was higher than GCV for all the traits
indicated the presence of environmental effect for traits expression. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for
number of leaves, leaf blade width, net curd weight, gross curd weight, curd width harvest index and total yield which are governed by
additive gene and could be effectively improved through selection. The genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters. A majority of genotypes
grouped together in cluster 1 (with 12 genotypes) and other clusters were having 1 genotype each. Intra-cluster value was maximum in cluster
1. Maximum intercluster distance was observed between cluster 4 and 2 followed by that between cluster 3 and 2 and between cluster 4 and
1. Hence, genotypes Sabour Agrim of cluster 4 and genotypes RCEF4 of cluster 2 present the best choice for hybridization. Highest mean
value of plant spread (cm), leaf length (cm) leaf blade width (cm), days to 50% curd initiation, net curd weight(g), gross curd weight, curd
length, curd width, harvest duration, total yield (q/ha) was observed in cluster 3. Therefore cluster3 and cluster 2 also used for heterosis for
improvement of traits.
GNRSA-2020/508
ESTIMATION OF CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN EARLY CAULIFLOWER (Brassica oleracea Var. Botrytis L.)
PRAMILA, UDIT KUMAR, SAIPAYAN GHOSH, BISHWAMITRA SINHA AND DEEPAK A.B.
Department of Horticulture, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar-848125
The present study was undertaken at Vegetable Research Farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar
during rabi season in 2019-2020. 15 genotypes of cauliflower in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in 3 replications planted. The primary
focus of study was assessment of correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis. It was recorded that the genotypic correlation
coefficient was significantly higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficient for almost all of the parameters. Estimates of
phenotypic correlation revealed Total yield quintal per hectare to be highly positive and significantly correlated with net curd weight, gross
curd weight, curd length, curd width and harvest index . Path coefficient analysis revealed that positive direct effect was reported by traits
such as net curd weight and gross curd weight on total yield (q/ha. The negative direct effect was exhibited by curd length, curd width and
harvest index. High positive indirect effect recorded by net curd weight, gross curd weight whereas high negative indirect effect was shown
by curd length, leaf length and plant spread. Hence it inferred traits govern by direct effect towards total yield (q/ha) may enhance the total
yield of cauliflower.
Keywords: Genotypic correlation, Phenotypic correlation, Path coefficient analysis and Cauliflower.
GNRSA-2020/509
CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DAIRY FARMING IN INDIA: A REVIEW
1
PRAMOD PRABHAKAR, 2SANJAY KUMAR BHARTI AND 3PRAMOD KUMAR
1
Assistant Prof. -cum- Jr. Scientist, Animal Husbandry
MBAC Agwanpur, Saharsa (BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur)
2
AssistantProf. -cum- Jr. Scientist,VeterinaryAnatomy
Bihar Veterinary College Patna, BASU, Patna
3
Assistant Prof.- cum- Scientist, Animal Nutrition, APRI, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar
India is undoubtedly the largest milk producing country of world. India has highest population of cow and buffalo. Since Indian independence
dairy industry is showing steady and robust growth rate of 3 percent. Sector has seen huge improvement in supply chain and milk processing
facilities. Despite of robust growth, cattle farms has not adopted modernization and cattle farms are facing multiple challenges. Livestock
plays an important role in Indian economy. It also provides employment to about 8.8 % of the population in India. India has vast livestock
resources. Livestock sector contributes 4.11% GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. Livestock production is the vital sector which action
a major source of income to the impoverished rural households throughout the world. Livestock equip people with food, income, draught
power and fertilizer and act as the major livelihood means of millions of our country, where crop farming faces challenges India is one among
the fastest growing economics of the world and mainly depends on the agrarian sector as a tool for progress. Dairy sector is emerging as the
highest contributor to the agricultural wealth of India, surpassing even cereals. India is the highest milk producing country in the world
contributing 17% of the world production. The annual milk production in India has reached 187.7 million tones in 2018-19 against the 17
million tonnes in 1951 and the annual growth rate in this sector is 6.5 % which is nearly three times that of the world. Sustainable dairy
farming is an interaction of many factors that influence production and reproduction environment, longevity of live and input management.
Milk production is a livestock enterprise in which small-scale farmers can successfully engage in order to improve their livelihoods.
Keywords: Dairy farming, Challenges, Livelihood, Livestock, Sustainable.
GNRSA-2020/510
HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE THROUGH INDUCED MUTATIONS IN CHICKPEA(CICER ARIETINUM L.)
1
PRATAP SINGH*, 2V.K. DWIVEDI AND 3JOGINDER SINGH
1
School of Agriculture Science, IIMT, University Meerut (U.P.)
2 3
& Janta Vadic College, Baraut, Bagpat, UP
Grain legumes occupy a unique position in world agriculture by virtue of their high protein content and capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
For developing countries like India, pulses constitute the major source of dietary proteins. In developed countries, grain legumes are also an
important indirect source of protein, being animal feed of high biological value. They contain 20-30 per cent protein in their seeds, which is 2
to 3 times more than in the cereals. In this experiment, experimental materials for this study consisted of 3 varieties of chickpea having good
agronomic base and belonging to diverse group viz.,desi (BGM-524) kabuli (BG-1053) and green seeded (KSB-220) with different doses of
gamma rays, ethyl methane, sulphonate (EMS) and their combination (EMS+Gamma rays). Heritability estimates along with genetic advance
are more useful than heritability alone in predicting the response to selection. In the present study, moderate to high estimates of heritability
and genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for different characters in all the treatments. This was not unexpected in view of the
high estimates of coefficient of variability for different characters. Thus, it may be concluded that high response to selection on the basis of
phenotypic expression may be realized for different traits in the treated population of both the cultivars.
GNRSA-2020/511
A STUDY ON THE GROUP PERFORMANCE OF SHGS UNDER NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOOD MISSION (NRLM)
PRATIMA RANA AND NEELAM BHARDWAJ

(Department of Agricultural Communication, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand)
The government of India since independence has implemented various programmes to alleviate poverty. The poverty alleviation programmes
were classified into self-employment, wage employment, food security and social security programmes and their main focus was on self-
employment programmes. Schemes like Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWACRA), Integrated Rural Development
Programme (IRDP), Supply of Improved Toolkits for Rural Artisans (SITRA) and Training of Rural Youth for Self employment (TRYSEM)
were implemented in a row after Community Development Programme (CDP) in 1952. After lots of thinking and introspection of previous
schemes, a new philosophy and approach saw the light of the day and Swarn Jayanati Grameen Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) was restructured as
National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), the strategy is to encourage women in rural households to be part of a self-help group. The
world’s largest poverty alleviation programme evolved as a national movement in 2011 and became National Rural Livelihoods Mission
(NRLM). The three pillar of NRLM includes universal social mobilization, financial inclusion and livelihood enhancement. A study was
undertaken to access the various group performance variables of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in the light of NRLM-Aajeevika in the
Uttarakhand state. The data was collected by using appropriate interview schedule in the two districts i.e. Dehradun and Udham Singh Nagar
of Uttarakhand state. The group variables under study include group process, participation, task function, maintenance function, group
atmosphere and interpersonal trust. The results showed that majority of the women members had medium level of overall group performance
followed by 21.07 per cent and 12.17 percent with high and low level of overall group performance respectively.
Keywords: livelihood enhancement, universal social mobilization, financial inclusion.
GNRSA-2020/512
EFFECT OF VARIOUS MULCHES ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING IN CHRYSANTHEMUM (Dendranthema grandiflora T.)
CV. KUNDAN
PRATIVA ANAND*, VANLALRUATI, AK TIWARI AND GUNJEET KUMAR

Division of Floriculture and Landscaping
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) commonly known as “Autumn Queen” is one of the most widely cultivated herbaceous
perennial flowering plant belonging to family Asteraceae. It contributes largely to the floriculture industry by virtue of its yield potential,
colour variation and long life. The growth of the plants and flower yield depends on the cultivation practices adopted and weed free
environment right from the early stage. Mulches act as a protective cover placed over the soil to hold moisture, moderate soil temperature,
provide nutrients, reduce soil erosion, suppress weed development and improve soil organic matter contents. Generally, straw, rice husk, crop
residue or plastic mulch are used as mulching materials in ornamental crops. Therefore, the present study was carried out at the experimental
farm of Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during 2019-20. Various plastic mulches viz., black polythene,
yellow polythene, silver polythene, brown polythene, transparent polythene and paddy straw were used as source of mulching in the study.
The results of the investigation revealed that maximum plant survival occurred when no mulch was used but this treatment had maximum
number of weeds. The minimum weed count was observed with yellow polythene. The maximum plant spread (EW- 44 cm, NS- 42.78 cm)
and number of branches (24.11) was also observed with yellow polythene. The earliest flowering (122.33 days) was observed when no
mulch was used while the maximum number of flowers per plant (101.44) was recorded with yellow polythene. No significant difference was
observed with respect to flower diameter, fresh weight of flower and days to flower senescence in field. The maximum number of suckers per
plant (10.67) was recorded with paddy straw.
GNRSA-2020/513
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GONADOTROPIN INHIBITORY HORMONE (GNIH) ON THEREPRODUCTIVE
AXISOF INDIAN MAJOR CARP, LABEO CATLA
PRAVESH KUMAR
Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) peptides have been characterized for their ability to inhibit gonadotropin (GTH)release in birds and
stimulate growth hormone (GH) release in frogs. However, their involvement inregulating the reproductive axis in fishes is inconclusive. So
to study the role of GnIH peptide in reproduction, we cloned the GnIH peptide and checked its effect along with different drugs like GnIH
antagonist, LHRHa and melatonin in commercially important aquaculture species, Labeo catla. The full length sequence of GnIH was
characterized with RACE-PCR and mature peptides were predicted from NeuroPred online tool and synthesized from GenPro Biotech,
Noida, India. The gene expression analysis was performed with Roche Light Cycler 480 thermocycler using 5× HOT FIRE Pol® EvaGreen®
qPCR Mix Plus (Solis BioDyne, Estonia). The gonadotropins hormone level were analysed in serum samples using enzyme immunoassay
(EIA) kit of Bioassay Technology Laboratory. In vivo study with GnIH-III peptide@ 100 μg/kg body weight of fish increased the mRNA
transcripts of HPG axis genes- GnRH, LH-β, FSH-β, and kiss2 from 30-50 times as well as serum hormone level of LH and FSH from 2-3
times. Further, the experiment with GnIH antagonist, RF313 @ 100 nmol/kg body weight of fish decreased the LH-β, FSH-β, GnRH, and
kiss2 mRNA expression from 5-10 times. These studies together definite the stimulatory effect of GnIH on reproductive axis in Labeo
catla.This positive effect was further confirmed by the synergistic experiments of GnIH-III with GtH stimulator (LHRHa) and GtH inhibitor
(melatonin).In conclusion our findings showed the stimulatory effect of GnIH-III peptide on reproductive axis in Labeo catla but further
theeffects of other GnIH peptides of catlaat different stages of the reproductivecycle need to be determined.
Keywords: GnIH peptide, RF313, Gene expression, Labeo catla
GNRSA-2020/514
GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONE MAPPING IN NALAGARH VALLEY OF SOLAN DISTRICT IN HIMACHAL
PRADESH USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNOLOGY
PRAVIDHI SHARMA AND R. K. AGGARAWAL

Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P, India
The present study emphasizes on the integrated remote sensing and GIS approach for delineation of the groundwater potential zone in
Nalagarh valley of Solan district situated between Northern latitudes of 30°52’ to 31°04’ and Eastern longitudes of 76°40’ to 76°55’ falling in
the Survey of India Toposheets no. 53A/12, 53A/16, 53B/9 and 53B/13. The thematic maps of influencing parameters viz. land use and land
cover, slope, geology, drainage, soil, aspect and lineament were prepared in Arc GIS tool 10.1. By integrating the information derived from
the maps five zones having high, high to moderate, moderate, moderate to low and low to poor groundwater potential were distinguished.
Maximum area accounting to about 34.2 per cent of the total area was occupied by moderate potential zone and 30.77 per cent by high
potential zone. High to moderate potential zone occupied 10.02 per cent of total predicted potential zones, while low to poor potential zone
accounted to 17.25 per cent of the area. A small portion of 7.78 per cent of the study area came under moderate to low potential zone. The
overall results showed that maximum of the region came under high and moderate groundwater potential zone. Potential zones were further
validated by conducting the field survey in which 15 (hand pump and borewell) locations were randomly selected in the study area and their
latitude longitude were recorded through GPS. Plotting of these points on groundwater potential zone map revealed that maximum of the
points fell in high groundwater potential zone and one point was found in moderate groundwater potential zone thereby verifying that, zone I
identified by remote sensing analysis was the zone holding maximum groundwater potential. This study will help policy makers in making
appropriate water conservation strategies for the actual groundwater potential zones in the study area.
Keywords: GIS, Remote Sensing, Groundwater potential zones, Arc GIS, GPS
GNRSA-2020/515
INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF BIOCHAR AND SLOW RELEASE NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON GROWTH OF RICE
PRAYASI NAYAK AND SUMIT CHATURVEDI

GBPUAT, Pantngar- 263145
Globally on an average 90 percent of rice is developed and consumed in Asian countries. In Asia, there is still a difference between the
actual and potential yield. In addition, it has been projected that by 2025, rice production would have to increase by around 60 per cent more
than current productivity in order to satisfy the needs of an ever-increasing global population. The problems arising from the past years in the
areas under the rice wheat cropping system are questioning the system's sustainability. Low nitrogen use efficiency and inadequate
management of crop residues, are some of the major problems that impede the productivity of rice wheat cropping system. Nitrogen (N)
which is an important macro nutrient element in cropping systems is required by rice in abundance quantities and is more needed than any
other nutrients. Soil is central focus of agroecosystems and major concerns of its status and crop uptake. For decades,mostagricultural
production system has been relying on large input of nitrogen (N)fertilizer resulting in a rapid increase in mineral (synthetic) fertilizer use
over time, however N use efficiencyhas decreasein most regions. Nitrogen loss to theenvironment has many inevitable consequences, such as
groundwater contamination, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Low utilization efficiency, high economic costs, and environmental
pollution of mineral nitrogen is a major challenge caused its hysterical losses as nitrate leaching, ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide
emissions (Dong et al., 2013). More than 501 million tonnes (Mt) of crop residues produced in India each year out of which 70 % of total
crop residues (352 Mt) come from cereals consisting of 34% rice and 22% wheat have been reported. Most straw from harvested rice plants is
burning in the field, creating issues with air pollution and carbon depletion from increased fertile soil (Lohan et al., 2018). In order to
preserve adequate soil fertility, this straw has to be applied on an annual basis, but applications can be made through a more sustainable to
improve soil and crop quality and it should be be cost-effective.The applicability of biochar in agriculture and its impact on comprehensive
climate change and the soil environment and plant growth has resulted in a growing interest in the fields of agricultural science, atmospheric
science, geology, and environmental science in recent years. Application of biochar based slow or controlled-release fertilizer is being
investigated worldwide as a novel approach of examining its role in efficient plant growth.
GNRSA-2020/516
PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS ON ALOE-VERA SUPPLEMENTED DIETS
PREM SINGH VERMA

Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, SHUATS, Prayagraj
The present study on performance of broiler chicks on Aloe-Vera supplemented diets was carried out at SHUATS, Prayagraj, India. A total of
63, day old chicks of same hatch were randomly distributed into 7 groups of 9 chicks each for seven treatments viz. T 0 (Standard ration as per
NRC Standard), T1 (Standard ration + 0.5 per cent Aloe-Vera pulp), T2 (Standard ration + 0.5 Aloe-Vera liquid), T3 (Standard ration + 1.0 per
cent Aloe-Vera pulp), T4 (Standard ration + 1.0 Aloe-Vera liquid), T5 (Standard ration + 1.5 per cent Aloe-Vera pulp) and T6) Standard ration
+ 2.0 per cent Aloe-Vera pulp). Chicks were provided floor space of 0.75 sq ft. per bird in cage and offered ration and water ad lib. Birds
were managed under similar management conditions. Data on weekly body weight, gain in weight, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers
up to 5 weeks, the data were collected and analyzed statistically to determine influence of treatments on performance of broiler. It was
revealed that diets supplemented with Aloe-Vera had significant effect on the body weight, feed intake, gain in weight and feed efficiency of
broilers. Best feed conversion ratio of broilers was observed in diet supplemented with 1.0 per cent Aloe-Vera liquid, followed by 1.5 per
cent Aloe-Vera pulp, 0.5 per cent Aloe-Vera pulp, 1.0 per cent Aloe-Vera pulp, 0.5per cent Aloe-Vera liquid, 2.0 per cent Aloe-Vera pulp
and diet as per NRC standard (control). All treatments were economically better than control. Supplementation of Aloe-Vera @ 1.5 per cent
in ration was most economical followed by inclusion of 0.5 per cent pulp in ration. Compared to liquid the pulp of Aloe-Vera plant provided
better.
Keywords: Broiler, Aloe-Vera liquid and pulp.
GNRSA-2020/517
IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF BOTANICALS AND FUNGICIDE AGAINST LEAF BLAST OF PEARL MILLET
PRERANA PARIHAR, PRIYANKA SINGH AND R.K. PANDYA

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, R.V.S.K.V.V. Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is an important nutri-cereal for human as well as a forage/fodder crop for livestock. It is the only cereal
crop that is capable for adopting harsh climate condition and marginal soil. Blast incited by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. has occupied a
key position among the pearl millet diseases resulting severe losses in high yield potential hybrids/ varieties particularly cultivated for fodder
purpose. A total no. of eight botanicals (@ 20%) viz., Azadirachta indica(leaf); Aegle marmelos (leaf); Catharanthus roseus (leaf); Nicotiana
tobacum(leaf); Datura stramonium (leaf); Lantana camra(leaf); Allium sativum (bulb); Ocimum tenuiflorum(Tulsi) and six fungicides (@
0.1%), viz., Iprobenphos (Kitazin); Thiophenate methyl; Tricyclazole (Beam); Azoxystrobin; Trifloxystrobin+Tebuconazole; Propiconazole
were evaluated under in vitro condition against P. grisea. Out of them three fungicides viz. Tricyclazole, Propiconazole and Trifloxystrobin+
Tebuconazole @ 0.1 percent absolute inhibited fungal growth and two botanicals Lantana camra leaf extract and Allium sativum bulb extract
@ 20 percent concentration were found effective against the pathogen as in these two treatments 39 mm and 39.3 mm growth showed
respectively. After in vitro evaluation five fungicides and two botanicals were further evaluated in the field condition . The findings reveals
that all the tested fungicides and botanicals significantly check the blast but the combination of Trifloxystrobin+ Tebuconazole was found
most effective as in this treatment the minimum disease was recorded followed by Propiconazole @ 0.05% (33.3%), Azoxistrobin
25EC@0.05% (35.5%) and Tricyclazole (Beam)@ 0.1% (39.4%). Among the botanicals Lantana camra @ 20 % was also significant for
check the blast.
GNRSA-2020/518
ECOLOGICALLY BASED INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CITRUS – CONCEPT AND SOLUTIONS
PRITHIV RAJ V1*, SYED MOHAMED IBRAHIM S2 AND PONNUSAMY N3

1,2Department of Agricultural Entomology, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat-, India
3Department of Agricultural Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar-848125, India
Ecologically based integrated management of pests is now become the paradigm for considering as sustainableapproach combining the
cultural, physical, biological and chemical methodsto assure long term without adverse ecological, sociological and economic constraints.
These practicesare integrated with biological (parasites, predatorsand fungi), resistant host plants,cultural practices and narrow-spectrum
pesticides (selective pesticides and pheromones). Worldwide efforts to develop ecologically based approaches to pests for citrus
production are producing diverse, effective and economical alternatives to frequent, heavy applications of pesticides. The significant
citrus pests are Toxoptera aurantii, Diaphorina citri,Phyllocnistis citrella, Planococcus citri, Eudocima sp. and Papilio sp.Field scouting and
surveillance at particular intervals in orchards are done for monitoring the situation of pests of major significance. Pheromone traps used for
fruit sucking moth, leaf miner, citrus butterfly, stem borer; yellow sticky traps for monitoring aphid, black fly and blue sticky traps for thrips.
The better advanced model for integrating various elements of controlled ecosystem is the cover crops. The parasitoid, Aphytis lingnanensis
is active against california red scale and microbial pesticide, Hirsutella thompsonii is used against rust mite in citrus ecosystem. The acaricide
(Avermectin®) registered for use as growth regulator recently in citrus against mites. These biological methods eliminate the need for broad-
spectrum applications of pesticides continuously. Understanding the complex ecosystem interactions plays a difficult role in management of
pests. The development of effective management strategies is essential for sustaining productivity without disturbing the balance of nature
and maintaining long-term profitability. Thus, ecology related IPM integrating whole approaches for sustainable production and also
managing the health of ecosystems.
Keywords: Biological control, citrus, ecosystem, integrated pest management and pesticides.
GNRSA-2020/519
BREEDING APPROACHES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF TUBEROSE
PRIYA BB, PRATIVA ANAND, KRISHAN PAL SINGH AND RITU JAIN
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping
ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.),belonging to family agavaceae, is an important half hardy bulbous perennial plant known for its colour,
purity, elegance and fragrance of flowers. The cultivation of crop is increasing due to its utility as cut flower, loose flower and in the
perfume industry. In the floriculture industry there is always demand and necessity for new and novel varieties. Non-availability of genetic
variability has been a major constraint in tuberose breeding. The main breeding objectives of tuberose are to develop varieties with enhanced
vase and shelf life, resistance to diseases like sclerotium wilt & leaf blight, resistance to root knot and arial nematode, insect, pests,
production of essential oil, improved yield and quality, and new and novel colours. A number of plant breeding methods like germplasm
exchange, cross-breeding, induced mutagenesis and molecular breeding & biotechnology are the tools to obtain new and better genotypes
through the creation of genetic variability in the existing gene pool in tuberose. Genetic diversity in this crop is meagre and there were no
improved varieties of economic value until the hybrids 'Arka Shringar', 'Arka Suvasini', 'Arka Prajwal' and 'Arka Vaibhav' were released by
ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru. ISSR markers have been used for the characterization of genotypes among
Indian tuberose varieties. Sense and anti-sense strategy is another option for incorporation of new coloured genes in tuberose. Results on
morphological parameters clearly indicate significant differences among varieties for all quantitative characters except for vase life and floret
length. Naturally, the genetic variation or diversity for most of the yield attributes is considerably high in tuberose. Thus, there is an utmost
need as well as ample scope for improvement both in quantitative and qualitative traits using various breeding tools in tuberose.
GNRSA-2020/520
FLOWER CROPS AS INTERCROPPING SYSTEM FOR ADDITIONAL RETURNS
PRIYA BB, KRISHAN PAL SINGH, CHANDER PRAKASH AND PRATIVA ANAND
1Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
Commercial flower production helps in increased earning of the growers. Majority of the ornamental crops are being cultivated under open
fields condition. With the development of different cropping systems and cultivation methods in horticulture, many of them started
cultivation of these ornamental crops in intercropping, mixed cropping and storey cropping system in order to utilize the available resources
efficiently and to get higher returns. The basic idea of intercropping is not only that two or more crop species grown together to exploit the
resources better than either of them grown separately. Intercropping of ornamentals with perennial trees like coconut is favourable in recent
days. Coconut as a monocrop often generates less revenue to farmers even with an optimal planting density. Inter cultivation of floricultural
crops such as, marigold, chrysanthemum, China aster, gerbera, zinnia, tuberose, antirrhinum, gladiolus, bird of paradise, ornamental zinger,
globe amaranth under coconut plantation lead to many advantages - an increase in the yield of coconut, extra income from intercrops as well
as more employment opportunities etc. Intercropping with pot marigold was observed to be the most effective pest control on cabbage.
Growing of gerbera and gladiolus in existing coconut orchard may be economically beneficial well as remunerative option for the farming
community of Indo Gangetic plains of South Asia.
GNRSA-2020/521
STUDY OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY FOR CONSERVATION OF SOME THREATENED TAXA
PRIYANKA KUMARI AND SUSHEEL VERMA

Conservation and Molecular Biology Lab
Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri- 185234, J&K(India)
Reproductive biology of plants involves the study of processes of reproduction, sexual as well as asexual. Knowledge of reproductive biology
helps to understand the descriptive characters of plants used in plant systematics. Reproductive biology and systematics are interconnected
and both are valuable for studying the nature of the species, speciation and adaptation. Studying reproductive biology is vital for developing
effective strategies for the conservation of plants species and their sustainable utilization. It has proved its relevance to conservation of
threatened organisms because it brings to light the bottlenecks, if any in the species on account of which individuals of a plant species are not
able to reproduce. Different aspects of reproductive biology help in conservation of threatened taxa in in-situ as well as ex-situ. Knowledge of
reproductive biology is prerequisite for attempting any breeding programme. The attention of reproductive biologists in medicinally
important plants helps in development of reproductive strategies and protocols for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants.
Present work is based on study of reproductive biology of some medicinally important plant species with distinctive reproductive
characteristics which will help in the development of strategies for the conservation of these medicinally important threatened plants. Data on
different parameters including plant morphology, floral morphology, floral biology, stigma receptivity, pollination, pollen load, reproductive
output, seed germination and stylar movement has been be considered. It has been found that plants have developed structural variations in
their flowers and inflorescences and distinctive features of mating to promote reproductive success.
Keywords: Reproductive strategies, stylar movement, reproductive assurance, threatened, in-situ, ex-situ.
GNRSA-2020/522
A REVIEW ON APPLICATION OF LIQUID MANURE I.E. PANCHAGABYA, JEEVAMRUT AND COMPOST TEA ON
GROWTH OF VARIOUS CROPS
PRIYANKA MAITY1, ROBIN RIJAL 1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411
2Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab
Unscientific use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers in agricultural field will leads to various health hazards and environmental issues. To
save our environment and our crops we have to follow ecofriendly and sustainable agriculture. Minimizing the use of harmful chemicals and
fertilizers will reduce the ratio of this type of problems. Liquid manure are rich source of micro and macro nutrients, it co nsist of growth
promoting factors like auxin, gibberelins and beneficial microorganism which promote the plant growth and providing immunity in the plant.
Organic farming is one the solution for this generation to reduce all the hazards. We have plenty of this organic resources present in India and
the extract from these resources can be utilized to improve the soil health in respect of physical, chemical, biological properties of soil and
will help in obtaining good yield. This review article is associated with the application of three popularly useable organic supplements
Panchagavya, Jeevamrut and Compost tea on Spinach. In India, Use of Panchgavya had been maintained in the ‘Vedas’ which has specified
the use of ‘Panchgavya’ in the field of Agriculture. The efficiency and efficacy of some cowpathy like Panchagavya, Jeevamrit and compost
tea will enhance the biological efficiency of crop plant and improve soil health in organic farming. It will enhance the productivity of
different crops and suppressing the growth of various plant pathogens by producing antibacterial and antifungal compounds.
Keyword: Productivity, Panchygavya, Jeevamrut, Compost tea, microorganisms, antibacterial, antifunga.
GNRSA-2020/523
A STUDY ON THE MARKETING AND PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS FACED BY VEGETABLE GROWERS IN KUMAON
REGION OF UTTARAKHAND
PRIYANKA SHAH AND M.A. ANSARI

G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand – 263145
Vegetables are the major part of the Indian agriculture and food industry as India is the second largest producer of vegetables. Major
vegetables grown in Uttarakhand are potato, cauliflower, tomato, onion, brinjal, pea, cabbage, radish and okra. The present study was
conducted in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand to study the production and marketing constraints faced by the vegetable growers. Eight villages
namely Sarana, Paladha, Purvi Kheda, Paschmi Khera, Fauji Matkota, Fulsungi, Barirai and Girdharinagar were selected with total number of
200 respondents. Interview schedule was developed to collect the primary data from the vegetable growers in year 2019-20. Major marketing
constraints ranked by the vegetable growers were long chain of intermediaries (Ranked I), inadequate transportation facilities (Ranked II),
high transportation charges (Ranked III), inadequate storage facilities (Ranked IV), low price / lack of remunerative price (Ranked V) and
non-availability of market information (Ranked VI). Some production related constraints were also communicated by the vegetable growers
were high cost seed/ fertilizers (Ranked I), lack of information about planting material/ production inputs (Ranked II), lack of knowledge
about grading and standardization of vegetable (Ranked III), unavailability of labor (Ranked IV) and lack of packaging material (Ranked V).
Still many constraints persist in the field of vegetable production and marketing which needs to be tackled by public as well as private sector
in such a way that vegetable growers get benefits.
Keywords: Agriculture marketing, production, constraints, vegetable growers.
GNRSA-2020/524
AGRICULTURAL WASTE DERIVED BIOFERTILIZERS: AN ECOFRIENDLY APPROACH
PRIYVART AND NISHESH SHARMA

Department of Biotechnology School of Applied and life Sciences,
Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
Large volume of agricultural waste is generated in farms of residue of crop after harvesting. Inspite of being highly rich in organic content
most of the agricultural waste is burnt, which makes a sound contribution to environmental pollution. Studies are required to process and
develop protocol for utilization of biofertilizers over chemical fertilizers is highly supported curing to eco-friendly nature of biofertilizer
which not only supports plant growth but simultaneously do not have any negative impact on quality of soil and crop products. Presence of
cellulose, lignin, wax, protein, minerals make agricultural waste most economic source of producing biofertilizer. Technique of solid-state
fermentation is among the most common approach for production of biofertilizer. There still exists scope for optimizing other methods which
can involve use of microbial inoculum for production of biofertilizer from agricultural waste.
Keywords: Agri-waste, biofertilizer, solid-state fermentation.
GNRSA-2020/525
ROLE OF STARCH IN EXTRUSION COOKING
PUJA*, SURESH CHANDRA, SAMSHER, DEEPALI MUDGAL AND RUCHI VERMA

College of Post Harvest Technology and Food Processing, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P)
Extrusion is a process used to create products of a fixed cross-sectional profile used in food processing. It is a high temperature short time
(HTST) process. It cover various combinations of ingredients including: cereals, grains and starches, tubers, legumes, oil seeds, as well as
animal fat and proteins. Consumer acceptance of extruded foods is mainly due to the convenience, value, attractive appearance, and texture
found to be particular for these foods. The structure of the extruded products may be formed from starch or protein polymers. Native starch
undergoes substantial changes leading to greater molecular disorganization during extrusion cooking. Most importantly from the perspective
of finished product texture, the starch loses its relative crystallinity, undergoes molecular fragmentation, and often complexes with lipids in
the feed texture. The role of shear, temperature, moisture and feed composition are significant in the transformation of starch by extrusion.
The starch granule contain two different glucose polymers: amylose and amylopectin, which are responsible for physicochemical and
functional properties. Inside the extruder, starch undergoes several stages. First, the initial moisture content plays very important role to
define the desired product type. Inside the extruder their is relatively high temperature, the starch granules melt and become soft, besides
changing their structure it is compressed to a flattened form. The final expanded product presents air cells that are formed due to superheated
water vapor pressure. When the temperature of the extrudate is reduced below its glass transition temperature, it solidifies and maintains its
expanded form. As dough’s temperature exceeds the transition threshold temperature, the starch molecules begin to undergo various
disordering reactions that affect their size and shape. Since rheological properties are related to the size and shape of a fluid’s molecules. It is
assume that these molecular changes within starch will greatly affect the product rheological properties.
Keywords: Extrusion, Rheological Properties, Molecular fragmentation, Disorganisation.
GNRSA-2020/526
DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM CARROT AND STORABILITY ASSESSMENT
PUJA*, SURESH CHANDRA, SAMSHER, NEELASH CHAUHAN, VAISHALI AND SANDEEP KUMAR
Present investigation was carried out to develop value added products from carrot i.e. instant halwa mix from the carrot flour and semolina.
Halwa mix were prepared by blending carrot flour with semolina in ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 respectively and
packed in aluminium laminated pouches.The functional properties swelling capacity, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity,
swelling capacity, bulk density, foam capacity, foam stability and physico-chemical properties i.e. moisture, ash, pH, acidity and optical
density of halwa mix as well as flours were determined using standard procedures. A small-scale standardized procedure was used for halwa
mix. The physico-chemical properties namely moisture, ash, pH, acidity, optical density of halwa mix were analyzed just after preparation
and during storage of 30 and 60 days under ambient condition packed in ALP and sensorial attributes namely color, taste, flavor, mouth feel
and overall acceptability of halwa made by instant halwa mix were analysed for fresh as well as stored samples.Physico-chemical properties
of freshly prepared halwa were also evaluated. All the data were also statistically analyzed. The physico-chemical properties of halwa mix
and halwa viz., moisture, ash, acidity and optical density decreased significantly with increase in the incorporation of semolina with carrot
flour. The functional properties of halwa mix such as swelling capacity, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and bulk density
were decreased with increase in the incorporation of semolina with carrot flour. The present study revealed that the halwa mix and halwa
made from flours C100 containing carrot flour (100%) was observed higher overall acceptability .
Keywords: Aluminum laminated pouches (ALP). Carrot, Sensory evaluation , Physico-Chemical Properties.
GNRSA-2020/527
ROLE OF DIETARY FIBRE IN MANAGEMENT OF LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASES
PUJA*, SADHNA SINGH*, SWATI SHUKLA* RAJNI SINGH**ANDZEENAT AMAN*

*Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Community Science
Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, **BBAU, Lucknow
Diet has a major impact on gut microbiota and different components of diet will shape the gut bacteria communities.A diet rich in fiber
contributes to the maintenance of a healthy gut microbiota associated with increased diversity and functions such as production of short chain
fatty acids. Significant changes in our lifestyle and increasing urbanization has impact on our diet too, it has resulted in consumption of more
processed and packed food along with high sugar and protein intake; These dietary changes have altered the normal flora of the human gut.
This results in significant reduction in their ability to produce short chain fatty acids and is associated with the appearance of chronic
inflammatory diseases. High fiber intake and production of short chain fatty acids by the gut bacteria enhances mucous and antimicrobial
peptide production. The gut microbiota and diet are two important components to maintain a normal structure and for the production of the
intestinal mucus. Dietary fiber is an indigestible portion of food which helps in fighting against several diseases mainly associated with
modern lifestyle. Dietary fiber is the remnants of the plant cells resistant to hydrolysis(digestion) by the alimentary enzymes of human beings.
It consists of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, oligosaccharide, pectin, gums and mucilage. There are two types of dietary fiber i.e., soluble
(pectin, gums) and insoluble dietary fiber (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin). Some water-soluble fibers such as pectins, gums and
hemicellulose have a high-water holding capacity and forms viscous solution with in the gastrointestinal tract. Foods rich in dietary fiber (like
cereals, pulses, fruits, vegetables and edible herbs) are known to have safeguarding effects on human health since their consumption has been
related to decreased incidence of several lifestyle diseases due to its beneficial effects like increasing the volume of fecal bulk, decreasing the
intestinal transit time, cholesterol and glycemic levels. Fiber rich foods are generally seen to have low calories, fat but have high volume
along with high micronutrient content. Therefore, it is suggested that healthy adults should eat between 20 to 35g of dietary fiber each day.
High fiber diet increases satiety and delays gastric emptying by releasing certain gut hormones. Dietary fiber exerts its beneficial effects by
speeding the passage of feces through the large intestineso that the contact of carcinogens with the intestinal is significantly reduced.
Key Words: Dietary Fiber, Gut health, Life Style Diseases, Soluble Fiber.
GNRSA-2020/528
RESPONSE OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF AROMATIC RICE AND ITS
RESIDUAL EFFECT ON LENTIL YIELD CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER TERAI REGION OF WEST BENGAL
1PUNABATI HEISNAM, 2ABHINASH MOIRANGTHEM, 3BIDYAPATI NGANGOM, 1PRIYANKA IRUNGBAM, 1BAPSILA

LOITONGBAM, 1KHWAIRAKPAM LILY DEVI, 1ARUNKUMAR PHURAILATPAM, 3BIPLAB MITRA, AND 3ASISH
SINGHA ROY
1College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunchal Pradesh-791102
2College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Iroisemba, Manipur-795001
3Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal-736165
To study the nutritional uptake of aromatic rice and its residual effect of lentil cropping system under Terai zone of West Bengal investigation
was conducted at the instructional farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya located at Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal during 2014-
15 and 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 2 aromatic rice varieties (Gobindabhog and Kalonunia) in main plots
and 12 treatments of nitrogen management in sub-plot. Results reveal that variety ‘Gobindabhog’ with treatment 50% RDN through fertilizer
+ 50% RDN through VC recorded higher growth parameter, yield attribute and yield of aromatic rice. The nutrient uptake (N, P and K) also
observed highest in the plot of ‘Gobindabhog’ variety treated with 50% RDN with fertilizer + 50% RDN through VC. Uptake of nutrients (N,
P and K) in aromatic rice greatly varied with treatments. The maximum grain yield of residual effect of succeeding lentil crop was observed
in plots of Kalonunia with treatment 50% RDN through fertilizer + 50% RDN through FYM.
Keyword: Integrated nutrient management, Nutrient uptake, Aromatic rice, Lentil.
GNRSA-2020/529
MANAGEMENT OF CHICK PEA WILT BY NATIVE ISOLATES OF TRICHODERMA UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITION
PURNIMA SINGH*1 AND ASHWINI KUMAR2

1Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, R.V.S.K.V.V. Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh, India
2Department of Plant Pathology, R. A. K. College of Agriculture, Sehore, R.V.S.K.V.V. Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh, India
Twenty isolates of Trichoderma sp. were isolated from rhizospheric zones of different crops from different locations of Jabalpur. The present
experiment was undertaken to know the bio-efficacy of different Trichoderma isolates against Fusaraiumoxysporumf.sp ciceris (FOC) aswell
as on growth parameters of chickpea plant. All isolates (20) of Trichoderma were screened against FOC in vivo by seed treatment and soil
inoculation method. Out of which, isolate T9 was found to be most effective with highest percent disease control (71.42%). Among 20
isolates, T9 was found most effective in controlling chickpea wilt both in seed and soil treatment. Seed treatment with all Trichoderma
isolates enhanced the plant vigour index and vigour mass. Plant vigour index and plant vigour mass were also enhanced on seed treatment
with Trichoderma isolates. Maximum plant vigour index of 30.48 per cent with seedling length 38.100cm was found with treatment T 9.All
twenty isolates of Trichoderma had significant effect on germination percentage, upon soil inoculation up to 86.66 per cent germination was
recorded with isolates T6=T8=T13=T15 and T19 as compared to control (C1-soil inoculated with F.o.f.sp.ciceri+seed untreated) 46.66 per
cent.In soil application, significant reduction in seedling mortality was observed with all isolates of Trichoderma, out of which minimum
seedling mortality of 25 per cent was, recorded with treatment T9 in variety JG-62 as compared to control (C1)87.5 per cent.
Keywords: Chickpea, Fusarium wilt, Trichoderma, growth parameters, greenhouse.
GNRSA-2020/530
IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ANALYSIS OF HIGH VALUE MEDICINAL PLANT CODONOPSIS
CLEMATIDEA FROM LADAKH, INDIA
PUSHPENDER BHARDWAJ1, ANKITA SHARMA1, SHARDULYA SHUKLA1, MOHAN SINGH THAKUR1

1Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, DIHAR-DRDO, Chandigarh
Ladakh region of India is one of the ecosystems which promote the growth of various valuable medicinal floras. Codonopsis clematidea is
one of the well known medicinal plants of the region that has been used in local traditional system of medicine sowa-rigpa (Amchi system of
medicine) to cure diseases like stomachache, leprosy etc. However, the plant is less explored in terms of its phytochemistry and its biological
activities. The present work has been performed to understand phytochemical composition of all its usable parts i.e. leaves, stems and root,
and also evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. The sample has been collected from two valley of Ladakh i.e. Suru and
Zanskar. Freshly collected, sample of leaves and stems were estimated for its chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids content where
cholophyll-a was found higher than cholorphyll-b and carotenoids. The collected leaves, stems and roots were shed dried to estimate the dry
weight of the samples. The dried samples were further analyzed for their carbohydrate content, extract yield in methanol, antioxidant and
antimicrobial activities. The analysis showed that root have the highest content of estimated carbohydrate as well as the highest yield of
extracts performed with methanol as a solvent. Further, leaves have shown the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity which suggest
that leaves could be potential source of antioxidants and could be used in formulations. Further, an in vitro seed germination study was
performed using different hormone combinations i.e. naphthalene acetic acid with kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine and thidizuron. The seeds
showed germination in all combinations. However, in case of kintein with naphthalene acetic acid the in vitro grown plant showed the
development of single root, whereas in case of thidizuron with naphthalene acetic acid the survivability of plant was low and there was need
to perform a continuous sub culturing on every seventh day. However, the antioxidant activity in vitro plant was found lower than wild plant.
To the best of our knowledge this is the first study over in vitro germination of this plant.
GNRSA-2020/531
MEDICINAL USES OF SAFFRON (Crocus sativusL.) IN NEURO-THERAPY
PUSHPENDRA SINGH
Helix BioGenesis, Noida 201301 Uttar Pradesh, India.
Saffron(Crocus sativus), a red stigma obtained from saffron plant that belongs to Iridaceae family. Saffron is well studied for the multiple
target therapeutic applications. Saffron plant metabolism is explored and various metabolites include crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and
safranal etc.. Saffron is well explored for its numerous biological activities as traditional or phyto-medicine, aromatic, and coloring
qualities. As a therapeutically important plant, saffron has gained enough attention and found efficacious against stomach ailment,parasites,
indigestion, renal colic, and supresses stomachaches and tension. In Persian, Arab, European, and Indian cuisine, saffron has been widely
used as spice because of its yellow-orange color and taste. Saffron remains a valuable component for for liquors, candies, and food items. The
recent research investigations supported saffron as highly effective against various cancer diseases and even potent to induce memory. In
Persian tradition medicine, it is used for anxiety and depression. Further, saffron has valuable therapeutic importance in treating various
neurological diseases. Saffron has been broadly employed in traditional system of medicine as an effective remedy for the treatment of
various nervous system disorders. Saffron is highly biocompatible and neurodegeneration preventive in nature and thus it becomes highly
valuable therapeutic agent among traditional medicines. As there are very less information is available for saffron-nanocarrier for
neurological applications. The saffron is showing great potential to treat several neurological diseases as safe and effective therapeutic agent.
As there are very limited drug available for neurological disease treatment, saffron is giving hope to brain disorder and conditions such as
anxiety, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.Herein, this study focuses onexploring the biological applications of saffron
towards neurological diseases.
Keywords: Saffron, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Saffron Extract, Schizophrenia, Nanoparticles.
GNRSA-2020/532
BULB PRODUCTION AND VASE LIFE INFLUENCED BY GROWTH REGULATORS IN TUBEROSE (Polianthes tuberosa L.)
CV. PEARL DOUBLE
PUSHPENDRA SINGH*1, JITENDRAKUMAR2 AND YESH PAL SINGH3

1Helix Biogenesis, Noida, India,
2 Dept. of Horticulture, C.C.S. University, Meerut,U.P -250004, India,
3KVK, Ujhani, Budaun, SVPUA&T, Meerut, U.P.India.
As an alluring cut flower of bulbous flower’s group, tuberose has foremost economic importance.The present investigation was containing
the 10 number of treatments including 3 levels of each i.e. ethrel (100, 150 and 200 ppm), maleic hydrazide (50, 100 and 150 ppm) and
cycocel (3000, 5000 and 7000 ppm) with control. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The salient
features of the present study are summarized as the vase life along with all bub production parameters were significantly influenced with all
treatments. The longest vase life (13.03 and 13.53) as well as highest bulb per clump (3.24 and 3.30) were observed with T5(MH-100 ppm)
while, maximum weight (80.84 and 83.07) and diameter (3.26 and 3.95) of biggest bulb per clump were recorded with T 2(Ethre1-150 ppm).
It is also evident from the data that maximum number of bulblets per clump (23.96 and 24.94) other than weight of bulb (48.04 and 48.69)
and bulblets (23.31 and 23.87) were recorded with T 8(CCC-5000 ppm) while, highest yield of bulb and bulblets (262.38 and 273.60 q/ha)
were recorded with T5(MH-100 ppm) during both the consequences years of study. These treatments enhance the bulb production and vase
life of tuberose under the agro climatic conditions of Meerut region of western U.P.
Keywords: Tuberose, bulb production, vase life, growth regulators, ethrel, maleic hydrazide, cycocel.
GNRSA-2020/533
NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR ADVANCING AGRICULTURE AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY
PUSHPENDRA SINGH*1 AND JOGINDERSINGH2

1Helix BioGenesis, Noida 201301 Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Dept of Horticulture, Janta Vadic College Baraut, Baghpat 250611, Uttar Pradesh, India
Nanotechnology towards agriculture and food biotechnology has received significant attention due to its innovative and advanced
applications over the conventional agriculture and food processing approaches.Although, the applications of nanotechnology in the field of
chemistry and physics are well studied as a result several products are already in the market, the significance of nanotechnology in the area of
agriculture and food is relatively novel and therefore, not so widely known. Slow but significant progress towards the nanotechnology
implementing in agriculture and food has been made both in the developed and developing countries across the world. This short review
highlights the nanomaterial applications towards agriculture and food industries describing recent trends and future perspectives considering
smart agriculture, processing, packaging, security, and storage.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Agribusiness, Nano devices, Food Technology, Scientific Farming.
GNRSA-2020/534
ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ON ORGANOGENESIS RESPONSES IN DRIED SEED AND NODAL EXPLANTS OF
TEAK (TECTONAGRANDIS)
PUSHPENDRA SINGH*1, YESH PAL SINGH2AND ANANTKUMAR3

1HelixBioGenesis, Noida, India,
2KVK, Ujhani, Budaun, SVPUA&T, Meerut, U.P.,India,
3KVK, Ghaziabad, SVPUA&T, Meerut, U.P.,India
Teak is a very high value and moreneeded timber plant, but its low germination potential and slow growth made it limited in supply.
We, therefore, have developed a fast growing tissue culture based approach using mature seed, nodal and intermodal explants. In
vitro tissue culture clones were developed from embryos, nodes, and internodes with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. Seed
coat softening by 1NKOH (Potassium hydroxide) and phenolic extract removal using ascorbic acid and citric acid before inoculationwas
implemented as accelerating measures for explants preparation for this hard wood species. The callus formation from seed embryo and nodes
were observed at the concentration of 8.88 μM and 13.32 μM BAP (Benzyl aminopurine), respectively. The shoot of upto 4 cm were also
developed from embryo and callus at 8.88 μM BAP and 11.10 μM BAP + 0.22 μM IAA respectively. High concentration of auxin was also
found to promote callus formation. For photochemical analysis, aqueous extract of leaves of Tectonagrandis was analyzed which indicates
the presence of flavonoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, inulin and reducing compounds. However, tannin, naphthoquinone, glycosides,
phlabtomines were found to be absent.The present study identifies important, as an integral approach for tree improvement using latest
genetic and molecular tools. The phytochemical study of aqueous extract of leaves of teak plant also showed presence of various phenolic
compounds which could be associated for its high medicinal value.
Keywords: Teak, KOH, Phytochemicals, Auxin and Regeneration.
GNRSA-2020/535
RESPONSE OF SESAME VARIETIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LEVEL OF NITROGEN AND
PHOSPHORUS
R SUTALIYA* AND SR JAKHAR

Agricultural Research Sub Station, (Agriculture University, Jodhpur),
Samdari, Barmer 344021 (Raj.), India
A field study to evaluate the “Response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties under the influence of different level of nitrogen and
phosphorus’’ was carried out at Agricultural Research Sub Station, Samdari, Barmer during Kharif 2019. The experiment was laid out in a
three replicated in split plot design, having net plot size 3.6 × 4 m (14.4 m 2). The treatments comprised five varieties viz., RT 127, RT 346,
RT 351, TKG 22 and GT 10 were sown in sub plots., and three doses of NP i.e., 75% of Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) NP @ (30
kg h-1 and 18.75 kg h-1), 100% RDF NP (40 kg h-1 and 25 kg h-1) and 125% RDF NP(50 kg h-1 and 31.25 kg h-1) were applied in main plots.
The analysis of variance suggested that all the doses of NP affected growth and yield of sesame varieties. In the case of fertilizer doses, NP @
125% RDF NP(50 kg h-1 and 31.25 kg h-1) produced maximum plant stand (1.27 lakh ha-1), branches plant-1 (3.1), capsules plant-1 (42.5), seed
yield (224.2kg ha-1) and whereas 100% RDF NP (40 kg h -1 and 25 kg h-1) recorded maximum plant height (91.6 cm) and test weight (3.33 g).
Among sesame varieties, TKG 22 recorded non-significantly maximum plant height (92.7 cm); branches plant-1(3.0), test weight (3.33 g),
whereas GT10 and RT 127 observed highest plant stands (1.37 lakh ha-1 and 1.37 lakh ha-1). While maximum capsules plant-1 was observed
by RT 346 (38.3) and maximum seed yield recorded with RT 351 (215.2 kg ha-1).
Keyword: Sesame influence different nitrogen phosphorus.
GNRSA-2020/536
EFFICACY OF INM WITH JEEVAMRUTHA ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) CV.
TAIWAN RED LADY UNDER SATPURA PLATEAU REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH DISTRICT CHHINDWARA
R. K. JHADE*1, P.L. AMBULKAR 2, D.C.SHRIVASTAVA3, S. L. ALAWA4 AND S.K.PANNASE5

Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandannagar,
Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India- 480 003
A filed experiment was conducted at the JNKVV, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India, during the year 2017-2018
with Papaya (Carica papaya L.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and
replicated four. Treatments were T1- RDF, T2- RDF + Farm Yard Manure (20 kg/ plant), T3- RDF + Vermicompost (10 kg/plant), T4- RDF +
Jeevamruth (1.5 li/plant) (desi cow dung, desi cow urine, pulse flour, jaggery, rhizosphere soil solution) with excellent moisture condition,
T5- Control. Two months old seedlings were used for transplanting. The seedlings of papaya were transplanted in the field adopting a spacing
of 2.5 × 2.5 m. Uniform papaya plants were selected for experiment purpose. In this experiment there no use of chemical fertilizers,
pesticides or weedicides for 30 days before and after application of Jeevamrutha. Plant vegetative and reproductive characteristics like height
of plants(cm), girth of stem(cm), petiole length(cm), number of leaves/plant, days of first flowering and day to fruit maturity were noted.
Yield and yield attributing characteristics like number of fruits per plant, fruit weight(g), fruit diameter (cm), pulp percentage, Fruit
yield(kg/plant) also recorded. Fruit quality characters were also recorded during the study. To determine the effect of integrated nutrient
management (INM) and Jeevamrutha for papaya yield and yield and yield attributing characteristics. The study indicated that the Treatment
T-4 (RDF+Jeevamrutha) application gave higher values of yield and yield attributing characters viz., Maximum number of fruit per plants,
average weight of fruit, Fruit yield per plant, fruit diameter and fruit quality characteristics (TSS, acidity and Ascorbic acid) content as
compared to T-5(Control) .
Keywords: Papaya, Jeevamrutha, Quality, Growth, Yield.
GNRSA-2020/537
YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF INTERCROPPING TURMERIC AND GINGER IN ELEPHANT FOOT YAM
R. NAGA LAKSHMI1*, E. PADMA2, B.V.K.BHAGAVAN3, K.MAMATHA1 AND M.M.NAIDU4
1Horticultural Research Station, Kovvur, DrYSRHU, Andhra Pradesh
2 College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, DrYSRHU, Andhra Pradesh
3Horticultural Research Station, Ambajipeta, DrYSRHU, Andhra Pradesh
4Horticultural Research Station, Darsi, DrYSRHU, Andhra Pradesh
In Andhra Pradesh, elephant foot yam cultivation is concentrated in the rich alluvial soils of Krishna and Godavari delta. Productivity of these
lands could be fully exploited by growing intercrops as intercropping system utilizes resources efficiently. An investigation was carried out at
Horticultural Research Station, Kovvur, Andhra Pradesh to know the suitability of turmeric and ginger as inter crops in elephant foot yam for
three years. The experiment conducted with seven treatments replicated four times in randomized block design. The treatments include
T1:Elephant foot yam sole, T2:Elephant foot yam intercropped with turmeric in single row, T3:Elephant foot yam intercropped with turmeric
in double row, T4:Elephant foot yam intercropped with ginger in single row, T 5:Elephant foot yam intercropped with ginger in double row,
T6: Turmeric sole and T7: Ginger sole. The pooled data revealed that intercropping elephant foot yam with turmeric and ginger in different
row arrangements did not affect the elephant foot yam yield significantly. Moreover, in all the inter cropping treatments, land equivalent ratio
was consistently greater than unity. Highest elephant foot yam equivalent yield (67.23 tha -1) was recorded in elephant foot yam intercropped
with turmeric in 1:2 row arrangement. However, maximum income per rupee investment (1.90) was obtained when elephant foot yam
intercropped with turmeric in 1:1 row arrangement.
Keywords: Elephant foot yam, inter crops, turmeric, equivalent yield, Land equivalent ratio, Benefit cost ratio.
GNRSA-2020/538
NATURALLY COLOURED COTTON TO COMBAT ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY SYNTHETIC DYES
R. NIVEDHA1*, S. RAJESWARI2 AND N. PREMALATHA3
1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CPBG, TNAU, Coimbatore- 641003,
2&3 Department of Cotton, TNAU, Coimbatore- 641003,
Indian textile industry is one of the largest in the world accounting for 12% of the country’s export earnings in which cotton holds a share of
60% as the major raw material. The raw cotton is subjected to various processing steps of desizing, mercerization, bleaching, neutralization,
dyeing and finishing. Every year, more than 80,000 tons of reactive dyes are produced and consumed (Babu et al., 2007). According to the
World Bank estimate, the textile dyeing and finishing treatment account for 17 to 20 % of industrial water pollution (Kant 2011). In recent
times, concerns about pollution and toxicity caused by synthetic dyes and dyeing industries have resurrected the interest of naturally coloured
cotton which eliminates the process of dyeing. Naturally coloured cotton is an age-old crop of more than 5000 years with accumulated
pigments in the lumen of fibre. Over the course of time, the industrial revolution replaced the coloured cotton with machine spinnable
superior white linted varieties. Despite enabling economical and eco-friendly processing, there is a negligible area under the commercial
cultivation of naturally coloured cotton among cotton growers because of the important drawbacks like inferior fibre quality and productivity
in comparing to white linted varieties. The role of plant breeders in improving the fibre quality of coloured cotton is inevitable to bring back
its cultivation in the farm grounds. This review throws light on the characteristics of naturally coloured cotton and possible breeding
approaches for genetic improvement of fibre quality to cater to the demands of the textile industry anticipating environment-friendly
processing.
Keywords: Naturally coloured cotton, Pollution, Dyeing.
GNRSA-2020/539
BIOCHEMICAL CONCEPTS OF IN-VITRO INHIBITION OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA PATHOGEN BY
BIOCOTROL AGENTS – Trichoderma SPP.
R. P. BAMBHAROLIA AND A. J. DESHMUKH

College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai (Dangs), Gujarat-394730
In vitro potentialities of seven species of Trichoderma were evaluated against phytopathogen Macrophomina phaseolina by dual culture
techniques. The maximum growth inhibition of test pathogen was observed by antagonist T. koningi MTCC 796 (T4) (74.3%) followed by T.
harzianum NABII Th 1 (T1) (61.4%) at 7 days after inoculation (DAI). Further, mycoparasitism of antagonists were observed upto 14 DAI.
Pattern of growth inhibition of test fungus was continued with maximum 14.7% increases in T4 (85.2%) followed by 6.8% elevation in T1
(65.6%) antagonists during 7 to 14 DAI. Microscopic study showed that these two antagonists were capable of overgrowing and degrading
M. phaseolina mycelia, coiling around the hyphae with apressoria and hook-like structures. At 14 DAI, T. koningi MTCC 796 completely
destroyed the host and sporulated. The specific activities of cell wall degrading enzymes- chitinase, β-1, 3 glucanase, protease and cellulase
were tested during different incubation period (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) when Trichoderma spp. grew in presence of pathogen cell wall in
synthetic media. The antagonist T. koningi MTCC 796 induced higher chitinase and protease activity at 24 h incubation while β-1, 3
glucanase activities was elevated 1.18 fold during 72 to 96 h. Total phenol was produced significantly higher in culture supernatant of T.
koningi MTCC 796 antagonist followed by T. hamatum NBAII Tha 1 and T. harzianum NBAII Th 1 at 48 h incubation. The growth
inhibitions of pathogen during antagonism was positively correlated with coiling pattern of antagonists at 14 DAI, and induction of chitinase,
β-1, 3 glucanase and total phenol content.
GNRSA-2020/540
EFFECTIVENESS OF SLNPV ON Spodoptera litura (FAB.)
R. P. SINGH, AMIT KUMAR MISHRA AND R. K. PANDEY

Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Raj.)
Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as tobacco caterpillar in India is a major polyphagous pest attacks variety
of economically important crops such as cotton, groundnut, rice, tomato, tobacco, citrus, cocoa, potato, rubber, castor, millets, sorghum,
maize and many other vegetables. Caterpillars of the pest defoliate the crops. Spodoptera litura has already developed resistance to several
organic pesticides resulting severe crop losses. Fortunately, the pest is highly susceptible to its NPV and studies have shown that the virus can
be used effectively as biopesticide in the field. Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV) is the most promising control agent and its
efficacy has been established successfully against the pest in India. Considering the reliability, suitability and effectiveness of SlNPV in terms
of economic and ecological reasons, its utilization in pest management has received a great deal of significance. Although SlNPV has been
found very effective against S. litura, greater amount of variation in the efficacy of SlNPV across the host plants hindered its practical utility
in the field condition as reported in other lepidopteron pests.
GNRSA-2020/541
A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSTRAINTS FACED BY CUT FLOWERS GROWERS
UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION IN SANGLI DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA
R. R. MALI, R. V. CHAVAN AND V. S. TALEKAR

Department of Agricultural Economics, COA, VNMKV, Parbhani- 431 402 (M. S.),India
Present study was carried out in two tehsils of Sangli district, tehasil Walwa and tehsil Shirala containing large number of flower growers. An
interview schedule was prepared as a tool to assess the knowledge and adoption level of registered flower growers. Data was collected by
personal interview method from 32 flower growers of gerbera(16) and rose(16).It was observed that, the middle age farmers was 68.75 per
cent. In respect to education level of sample farmers, 100 per cent farmers are literate. About 68.75 percent of cut flower growers belonged to
medium family size which was ranging from 4 to 7 members. Most of the farmers belonged agriculture as main occupation i.e. 62.5 per cent.
In case of operational land holding farmers have mostly felt under medium group ranging from three to six (3 to 6) acres i.e 53.125 per cent.
It was show that farmers have positive relationship with knowledge and adoption. Production constraints faced by respondent growers were
Incidence of pest and disease (100 %) followed by Huge investment requirement (84.37%) and High labour cost (78.12 %). Moreover, it is
also evident that the constraints Lack of cold storage facility (59.37 %), High cost of planting material (50 %) and Non-availability of labour
(37.5 %) and last was Non-availability of planting material (15.62 %). Marketing constraints faced by respondent cut flower growers were
“Delay in payments of purchase’’ was faced by (100 %) respondents and Low rate of flowers in the market (90.62 %), Exploitation by
middlemen (78.12 %), Lack of co-operative societies for the purchase of flower (68.75%), Lack of storage facility (62.5%), Lack of market
knowledge (34.37%). At last Inadequate transportation facility (18.75%) was least considered by the cut flower growers.
GNRSA-2020/542
CHANGE IN COST OF PRODUCTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF SUBSIDIZED INPUTS IN KH. PADDY CROP
R. S. PATIL1, R. G. DESHMUKH 2, S. C. PHUGE 3

1Assistant Professor, Lokmangal ABM College, Wadala
2Professor, Deptt.of Agril. Econ.& Stat., Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola
3Assistant Professor, Lokmangal College of Agriculture, Wadala
The present study entitled, change in cost of production and contribution of subsidized inputs in kh. paddy crop with objective of estimation
of change in cost of production due to subsidized inputs & contribution of subsidized inputs in monetary output of kh. paddy crop. From
study it was revealed that, in case of subsidy availed farmers of kh. paddy crop, total cost of cultivation was estimated to be Rs. 34112.67.
Benefit Cost ratio at cost C was 1.33. In case of without subsidy availed farmers of kh.paddy crop, total cost of cultivation was Rs. 41841.80
per ha. Benefit cost ratio at cost C was 1.09. From study it was found that, reduction in cost of Rs. 283.89 for subsidy availed farmers of kh.
paddy crop in comparison with without subsidy availed farmers of kh. paddy crop. It was also observed that the major contribution i.e. 71.17
per cent of irrigation subsidy in monetary output of kh. paddy crop. Electricity subsidy contributes 25.81 per cent in monetary output of kh.
paddy crop. From this, it was concluded that irrigation subsidy contributes highest percentage in monetary output of kh. paddy crop. Hence it
is need to invest more on irrigation subsidy followed by electricity subsidy for increasing the yield of farmers. Indian economy is
predominantly an agrarian economy and its prosperity depends upon the progress of agriculture. So agriculture sector is considered as the
backbone of our national economy. Various incentives have been provided for accelerating the growth of agricultural production. Among
them, subsidies are considered to be the most powerful ones. Provision of agricultural subsidies is made not only in developing countries like
India, but in developed countries of the West also.
Keywords: Cost of production, change, contribution, irrigation, credit, fertilizer & electricity subsidy.
GNRSA-2020/543
DROUGHT RESISTANCE MECHANISM AND MANAGEMENT IN RICE
R. SATHISHKUMAR, S. VIKRAM
Department of Plant breeding and Genetics,
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, TNAU.
Rice is a staple food in India and a large part of the world’s human population, especially in Asia. Rice is grown in a wide range of
environments including areas where other crops might fail. Due to population increases, the demand for rice is estimated to 122 million tons
by 2030 (FAO, 2017). Meeting this 35 % increase in demand requires significant improvements in rice production; a daunting prospect as the
climate changes and water scarcity increases. Over 50 % of the area sown to rice worldwide is rain fed, producing only quarter of total rice
production (McLean et al.2002). Among all abiotic stresses, drought is the most important from the economic stand point. Rice adapts to
drought stress by the induction of various mechanism. Three mechanisms are involved in drought resistance viz., escape, avoidance and
tolerance. Drought effect on the grain yield, chlorophyll content, plant height and number of tillers per plant etc. During drought stress
proline and many other proteins provide defense against drought. This review presents morphological, physiological and molecular aspects of
drought effects and resistance in rice and discusses the strategies and options to improve drought resistance in rice by using conventional
approaches (selection, hybridization followed by selection, mutation etc.,), molecular and biotechnological approaches (QTL mapping,
MAS, genetic engineering).
Keywords: Drought, Grain yield, Water relations , Selection, QTL.
GNRSA-2020/544
EFFICACY OF NEWER INSECTICIDES AND BIOPESTICIDES AGAINST MAJOR SUCKING INSECT PESTS OF CHILL
R.G. SAMOTA, B.L. JAT AND K.C. KUMAWAT

Department of Entomology
SKN College of Agriculture (SKNAU), Jobner, Jaipur (Raj.) - 303329
Investigations on “Efficacy of newer insecticides and biopesticides against major sucking insect pests of chilli” were conducted at
Horticulture farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during Zaid, 2014 and 2015.Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis and whitefly, Bemisia
tabaci were recorded as a major sucking insect pests of chilli during both the years of study.The insecticides viz., acetamiprid, thiamethoxam,
imidacloprid, fipronil and standard check (dimethoate/ oxydemeton methyl) were found effective against both the pests, however acetamiprid
was most effective against thrips and imidacloprid against whitefly. The entomopathogenic fungus viz.,Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
anisopliae were found least effective against both the pests. The highest fruit yield of 105.11 q ha-1 was recorded in the plots treated with
imidacloprid, followed by thiamethoxam (103.18 q ha -1), acetamiprid (99.99 q ha-1), dimethoate/ oxydemeton methyl (99.69 q ha -1) and
fipronil (97.65 q ha-1). The highest B: C ratio was recorded in imidacloprid (37.37), followed by acetamiprid (35.18) and dimethoate/
oxydemeton methyl (30.03).
Keywords: Efficacy, biopesticides, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Bemisia tabaci, chilli.
GNRSA-2020/545
VARIABILITY STUDIES IN KHARIF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolorL. MOENCH)
R.R. DHUTMAL, A.W. MORE AND K.R. BHAKAD

Sorghum Research Station, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani – 431401 (MS, India)
High estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for plant height, number of primaries per panicle, panicle
type, glume coverage, grain color field grain mold rating, threshed grain mold rating, grain yield per plant, fodder yield, glume color,
germination percentage and grain hardness. While traits with moderate GCV and PCV values were panicle length and 100-seed weight. Days
to 50% flowering, days to maturity and grain density were categorized as low. The characters plant height, number of primaries per panicle,
grain color, FGMR, grain yield, TGMR, fodder yield, glume color and grain hardness expressed high estimate of heritability accompanied
with moderate to high genetic advance indicating additive gene action and thus selection for these characters in genetically diverse material
would be more effective for desired genetic improvement. significant and positive correlation of grain yield were observed with characters
viz., panicle length, number of primaries per plant, fodder yield per plant, 100- seed weight. days to 50 % flowering, plant height, panicle
length, number of primaries per panicle and fodder yield per plant positive direct effect on grain yield per plant at both genotypic and
phenotypic level.
Key words: Sorghum, variability and correlation.
GNRSA-2020/546
DEMONSTRATION OF SALT TOLERANT PADDY VARIETY GGV-05-01 IN KOPPAL DISTRICT
RADHA J.*, RAVI, M.V, RAGHAVENDRA, Y., JYOTHI R., NARAPPA G, MAHANTHESH, M.T., AND KAVITHA U.
University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur
ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gangavathi, Koppal ( Dist)
Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) is a starch food crop ranks third in world to supply feed for world population and ranks first position in Asia. The
productivity of paddy is greatly affected due to soil salinity which is the second most widespread soil problem next to drought in rice growing
areas of the world. Salinity hampers the production of crops cultivated in such areas due to its poor soil properties and salt toxicity. The only
solution for the farmers of saline area is to grow salt tolerant varieties. To address this, demonstrations were conducted by KVK, Koppal
during kharif-2019 in a village of Koppal District. All 10 Front line demonstrations of paddy crop were carried out on an area of 4 ha by
the active participation of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the salt tolerant variety GGV-05-01 in Paddy to increase the
productivity in saline soils. The yield and yield related parameters were recorded. Economic parameters like Net returns and B:C ratio were
also calculated. The results of demonstrations showed that farmers could increase the paddy productivity by cultivating salt tolerant
variety. It was observed that the paddy variety GGV-05-01 recorded the higher grain yield (84.87q/ha) with a duration of 135 days when
compared to the BPT -5204 paddy variety with a grain yield (72.28 q/ha) and with a duration of 150 days. The increase in the
demonstration yield over farmers practices was 17.43 percent. Paddy variety GGV-05-01have recorded higher gross returns
(Rs.1,20,523/ha), net returns (Rs.83,923/ ha) and B:C ratio (3.29) as compared to BPT-5204 variety (Rs.1,17,086/ha, Rs.68,936/ha and
2.43, respectively. The increment in yield of paddy variety GGV-05-01 under FLD was due to tolerance to the salinity up to 8.5 dS/m and
increased net returns due to reduced cost of cultivation due to less incidence of BPH compared to check variety. These factors will
encourage the adoption of salt tolerant variety to increase the productivity of Paddy in salinity affected area of Koppal District.
Key words: Economics, GGV-05-01,Grain yield, Paddy.
GNRSA-2020/547
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF TRICHODERMA SPP. ASSOCIATED WITH RHIZOSPHERE OF SUGARCANE
RAGHVENDRA TIWARI1*, S.K.SHUKLA1, V.P.JAISWAL1, KAJAL CHANDRA2, ABHAY SRIVASTAVA1, ASHA GAUR1,
RAJESH KUMAR TIWARI3
1ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow – 226008
2Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow - 226007
3Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus-226028
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) belongs to C4 plant crop that accounts for almost 75% of the world's sugar production. This crop has
many uses as source of ethanol, for making white sugar, brown sugar (Khandsari) and Jaggery. During survey in 2016-17 in the different
district of Uttar Pradesh, symptoms similar to Pokkah boeng disease of sugarcane were noticed in farmer’s field. In the scenario of
sustainable sugarcane production and environmental quality concerns, the use of biocontrol agents for managing fungal borne diseases is
highly recommended. So, the fifty-one Trichoderma strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil samples collected from different sugarcane
cultivation fields to explore as fungal bio-control agents for management of Pokkah boeng disease of sugarcane. Thus, mycelial culture of
twenty promising Trichoderma isolates was prepared by inoculating 6 mm mycelium disc on potato dextrose broth medium and kept them on
shaker at 120 rpm at 26ºC for 15 days. The culture was filtered using Whatman filter paper and further used for genomic DNA extraction.
The total genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium mat through modified CTAB method. PCR reaction was performed by using primers
ITS1 (TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG) and ITS4 (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC) at PCR conditions (94ºC – 3 min, followed by 30 cycles
at 94ºC – 30 sec, 48ºC – 30 sec, 72ºC – 1 min, 72ºC – 7 min, and 4ºC – forever). The PCR amplified purified product was used for ITS (ITS1
and ITS4) region sequencing through Sanger Technology. The ITS sequences were clustered in two group based their nucleotide similarity.
Except Trichodermaasperellum, all 19 Trichoderma strains come under single group. The phylogeny tree indicates that there is not more
variation is isolated Trichoderma strains from sugarcane rhizosphere. The identified Trichoderma strains were T. harzianum, T.
afroharzianum, T. atrobrunneum, T. aureoviride, and T. asperellum. Trichoderma harzianum and other allied spp., are abundant in sugarcane
rhizospheric ecosystem.
Keywords: Trichoderma, ITS, Bio-control.
GNRSA-2020/548
CULTURE AND BREEDING OF LIVE BEARER FISH POECILIA SPHENOPS IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE OF JAMMU
RAJ KUMAR, AKHIL GUPTA AND SAHAR MASUD

Fisheries Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST- Jammu, Main campus, Chatha-180009
The present study involves the culture and breeding of live bearer ornamental fish, black molly Poecilia sphenops in subtropical climate of
Jammu. Live bearers ornamental fishes which includes guppy, molly, platy and sword tail are hardy and considered as good fishes for
beginners in the tropical areas of the country. During the study period, the fishes were stocked and reared in plastic tubs having volume of
110 lt capacity. During the culture period, all the fishes were fed with readymade feed on regular basis. The feed was easily procured from
the market. Regular monitoring of water quality and siphoning out of waste material/faecal matters was done. Water quality remains
congenial throughout the culture period. Water exchange and proper maintenance of water level was also made from time to time as per the
need. During peak winter season, water temperature was maintained with the help of water heater (thermostat). In order to maintain the
dissolved oxygen content, aerators were used. Waste materials/faecal matters were removed on regular basis by siphoning as well as by using
filters. The fishes of P. sphenops breed successfully in plastic tubs. The survival percentage was also remains satisfactory throughout the
culture period. If we compare the growth and breeding season (period) of fishes under culture with those of fishes under tropical climate, the
growth is relatively slow and the fish breeds mainly between May and August. This was probably because of prolonged winter season of hill
state and small rearing space.
Keywords: Ornamental fisheries, Poecilia sphenops, live bearer fishes, aquaculture, aquatic resources.
GNRSA-2020/549
EXPORT AND IMPORT SCENARIO OF HORTICULTURE CROP PRODUCES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
RAJAT SINGH1, BIJENDRA SINGH1, SATYA PRAKASH1, HIMANSHU KAUSHIK2

1Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology Meerut-250110
2G.M.V college Rampur Maniharan
Horticulture products play an important role in the society for generating income and livelihood of the poor section of the society. The
horticulture industry consists of the production of fruits, vegetables and flower. In today ’s world, people are very conscious about their diet
and eating habits. A busy lifestyle and stressful work culture has pushed up the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Consequently, the
sector is flourishing and opening up new prospects of employment and research, thereby introducing a new dimension into the agriculture
sector across the world. As a matter of fact, horticulture is currently considered as a separate industry. Further, the floriculture industry is
picking up pace due to the increasing demand for fresh flowers and several associated products. This has generated new income prospects for
farmers and others working in the allied sectors of this industry. The processing, transporting, distributing and packing sectors associated with
the horticulture industry have also been greatly benefitted. Orchids are consistently ranked among the best sellers in the global potted plant
trade and also comprise 10% of all fresh cut flowers traded internationally. Thailand is the largest exporter of orchids cut flowers to India
devoting 80.67% of total import followed by Netherlands 15.54%, New Zealand 2.29% and China 1.5%, respectively. Highest import of
orchids was recorded present volume on horticultural crop management elaborates the scientific crop management of horticulture crops
starting from selection of soil and activities related to production and handling of fresh produces in the fields. Scope of value addition,
organic farming, and protected cultivation, export potential and economic analysis of production are included.
Keywords: Horticulture, Export, import, Orchid, flower.
GNRSA-2020/550
COMBINING ABILITY, HETEROSIS AND SELECTION PARAMETER ANALYSIS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA
JUNCEA L. CZERN & COSS]
1RAJENDRA KUMAR, 2MAHAK SINGH AND 3AMIT TOMAR

1,2Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology-Kanpur-208002
2Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agriucltural University, Jhansi-284003, U.P., India.
Kanpur, during rabi season 2013-15. 7-parents/strains (Varuna, RK-9101, Pusa jagannath, RH-9801, Pusa bahar, Rohini & Kanti) were
crossed in diallel mating design. (excluding reciprocal crosses) 28 genotypes (21 F1 + 7 parents ) were evaluated for 13 characters viz., Days
to flowering, Number of primary branches, Number of secondary branches, Days to maturity, Plant height, Number of siliquae per plant,
Length of main raceme, Number of seeds per siliqua, Biological yield per plant (g.), Harvest index (%), 1000-Seed weight (g.), Oil content
(%) and seed yield per plant (g). Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes were genetically-differ to each for all the characters.
Combining ability analysis revealed that good general combiners were Varuna, RK-9109, Pusa Jagannath and Kanti for higher oil content and
parents, RH-819, Pusa Bahar, Rohini and Kanti for high seed yield per plant. Out of 21 Crosses three Crosses namely were good specific
combinations Pusa Jagannath x Pusa Bahar, Pusa Jagannath x Kanti and RH-819 x Kanti for seed yield per plant. as well as superior
economic heterotic combinations Varuna x RK-9101, Varuna x Pusa Jagannath, Varuna x RH-819, Varuna x Rohini and RK-9101 x Pusa
Jagannath for seed yied per plant. High heritability observe for plant height, days of maturity, number of Siliquae per plant. Higher genetic
advance shows length of main receme, plant height, number of siliqua per plant, days to maturity, harvest index, seed yield and oil content,
number of seed size, number of secondary branch, days to flowering, number of seed per siliqua, biological yield and 1000 seed weight. Seed
yield per plant have positively correlated with number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, days to
maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of seeds per siliquae, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 seed weight and oil content.
GNRSA-2020/551
STUDIES ON WILT MANAGEMENT OF HOLY BASIL CAUSED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. BAISILICI
RAJENDRA PRASAD, VIKASH KUMAR YADAV, MANISH KUMAR MAURYA, SUBHASH CHANDRA, AND DIVYA SINGH
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229 (U.P.).
A field experiment was conducted during the August 2017-18 with NAB-19(IC No NAB-19) at experimental site of Medicinal field at
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229 (U.P.). Six treatments includes three bio-
agents like Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescence andone botanical Neem leaves and two fungicides
Tebuconazole and Mancozeb were tested in In vitro condition for their efficacy against the pathogenFusarium oxysporum f.sp. baisilici.
Among these T5 i.e. Tebuconazole (250 EC) @ 0.1% is most effective having percent inhibition 91.81 followed by T 1 i.e. Trichoderma viride
having % inhibition 74.82. the treatment were further tested under field condition. The minimum PDI was recorded in T 5 i.e. Tebuconazole
(250 EC) @ 0.1% (19.67) followed by T6: Mancozeb 75 WP @ 0.1% (23.17). Among bio-agents, minimum PDI was recorded in
Trichoderma viride (33.75)followed by Trichoderma harzianum (38.94) and Pseudomonas fluorescence @ 4gm/kg seed (44.62). While
treatment with Neem leaves extracts @ 5% showed (PDI=51.83) and maximum PDI was recorded in T 7 (Control) (61.83).
GNRSA-2020/552
SUPER FOOD - NEED OF THE NEW ERA
RAJNEE LATA1, SANJU KUMARI*2 AND KANHAIYA LAL2

1Department of Food Science and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
2Department of Agronomy, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar
Nutritional insecurity is one of the major threats of 21 st century. On a daily basis, about 795 million people suffer from hunger and more than
2 billion individuals lack essential micronutrients which adversely affect their health and decreases their life expectancy. So, such foods
which satisfies both hunger and provides essential nutrients becomes of prime importance in reducing nutritional insecurity as well as
ensuring food security. Some of such foods are bio-fortified food, GMO (genetically modified organism) food and Super food. The term
"superfood" is quite a new term, having no standard criteria but can be considered as foods which provides greater nutritional benefits with
negligible calories and contains high amount of vitamins and minerals. This paper focuses on several foods which have a potential to be
called as super food.
Keywords: superfood, Kale, Barbados Cherry, Camel milk, Drumstick.
GNRSA-2020/553
STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine
coracane L. Gaertn.)
RAKESH KUMAR YADAV, R.P. JOSHI, RUCHI ASATI

Present investigation of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as % of mean for yield and yield contributing characters in 32
genotypes of finger millet was carried out during kharif, 2019 at JNKVV, College of agriculture (Rewa, M.P.).The genotypic coefficients of
variation (GCV) for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). Moderate PCV were recorded
for number of tillers, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index and
peduncle length, ear length, days to 50% flowering and moderate GCV were recorded for flag leaf length, flag leaf width, biological yield per
plant, grain yield per plant and 1000 grain weight, tillers per plant, harvest index and days to 50% flowering. High heritability coupled with
high genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for flag leaf length, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, flag leaf width
and 1000 grain weight.
GNRSA-2020/554
GLOBAL APPROACHES IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE (GNRSA-
2020) DURING PANDEMIC ERA OF COVID-19
RAKESH KUMAR
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210
COVID-19 continues to wreak havoc in Bangladesh. Like in many other countries, it has become one of the biggest threats to Bangladesh’s
economy and food security. Bangladeshi rice farmers are facing the major brunt due to COVID-19 induced lockdown. The pandemic has had
a tremendous impact on farmers of Bangladesh, particularly in scheduling sowing/planting, harvesting, procurement, transportation and
marketing. Lack of laborers for these operations has been reported from across the country, particularly in places where manual harvesting is
predominant. The shortage of labour has been disrupting the production and processing of food, notably for labour-intensive crops. This
disruption adds to the already existing vulnerability of the farmers, especially small-scale marginal farmers. There are concerns that measures
to curtail the health crisis might affect the 2020 harvest with seasonal workers being unable to travel for the spring sowing and harvest
seasons. As an antidote to the drudgeries of Bangladeshi farmers, scientists from the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change,
Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) are proposing climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, like mechanization during land
preparation, rice transplanting and harvest, and crop diversification, to enhance farmers’ adaptive capacities and sustain crop productivity in
Bangladesh. Mechanical rice transplanting is an alternative means to address the labor shortage though it needs a big pool of mechanical rice
transplanters, specialized mat type nursery producers (a modified mat nursery establishes seedlings in a layer of soil mix on a firm surface),
and technical know-how to operate and raise the nursery. As part of the CCAFS CSA approach, in Bangladesh, 2020 Boro rice was
transplanted by the rice transplanter and harvested by a combine harvester in twelve districts (10 acres/10 farmers/district) as demo in
collaboration with Bangladesh Rice Research Institutue (BRRI) and Departmennt of Agricultural Extension (DAE). This CSA strategy has
showcased the potential to counter the problem of availability of labor. This strategy also showcases the potential to be extended throughout
the country with the support of the government. The government can provide easy access to rice transplanters and combine harvesters to
farmers at a subsidized rate. This can be coupled with training on machinery usage. Timely planting of rice was also facilitated in CCAFS'
Climate-Smart Village (CSV) sites of Bangladesh by adopting direct dry seedings of rice (DSR) on unpuddled soil by applying light
irrigation. DSR establishment generally has required much less water for irrigation and labour than transplanted rice. Dry seeding also allows
earlier rice planting due to its lower water requirement for establishment. Replacing rice with short duration crops in the monsoon season is
another option to alleviate the potential shortage of agricultural labor during the pandemic. Additionally, it can also address issues of the
declining groundwater table. The diversification of rice with alternative crops has the potential to contribute to ecosystem services that
include conserving groundwater, improving soil health and reducing air pollution by eliminating residue burning. Considering the local
demand for poultry and starch industry and market opportunities, there exists a potential for diversification of rice with maize which is a must
for sustainable food, nutrition and environmental security in the country, in addition to providing effective solutions for labor issues under the
prevailing COVID-19 crisis. CSA technologies could offer some relief to the farmers who have been facing the brunt of COVID-19 induced
lockdown. The technologies would significantly mechanize the process and bring down the need for labor, while ensuring the sustainance of
food production.
Keywords: Global Approaches, Natural Resource Management, Climate Smart Agriculture, COVID-19.
GNRSA-2020/555
A REVIEW ON PLANT DISEASE DIAGNOSTICS ENABLED BY A SMART PHONE BASED FINGERPRINTING OF LEAF
VOLATILES
NELLI RAKESH1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab
2Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab
The present review paper is focused on the new technological advancement made in the field of plant pathology, which helps in detection of
plant diseases remotely in field using airborne chemical fingerprints. The handheld sensory device can be connected to a smart phone which
samples the airborne “volatile organic compounds” that are released by plants from the leaves. All plant release VOC’s but the type and
concentration of VOCs released changes during diseased or physiological stress condition. So, each disease has its own profile of VOCs.
Now the plant diseases can be determined by the concentration and type of the VOCs released by the plants.
Keywords: Smelling of plant diseases, Volatile Organic Compounds, Gas chromatography, Chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
GNRSA-2020/556
SCREENING OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM RHIZOSPHERIC SOILS OF ALOE VERA FOR AMMONIA EXCRETION
AND ACC UTILIZATION
RAKHI, JENIFFER CHRISTEENA MASIH AND RAJESH GERA

Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is one of the most important medicinal plants with high resistance to drought, whose tolerability can be
promoted using biofertilizers. Biofertilizers are eco friendly and most necessary to support developing organic and sustainable agriculture.
They can provide to the small and marginal farmers an ecofriendly viable weapon to attain the ultimate goal of increasing crop productivity.
The cultivation of A. vera has acquired great commercial importance for medicinal products and cosmetics processing. Cultivation of Aloe
vera is expanding day by day in the area as it provides quick and regular income to the farmers. The rhizospheric bacteria that promote plant
growth directly or indirectly are called plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). These PGPBs colonize roots of plants and enhance the plant
growth by various mechanisms such as phosphate solubilization, ACC utilization, ammonia excretion, antifungal activity, indole-3-acetic
acid and siderophore production which are responsible for increased plant growth and gel yield. PGPBs can improve plant tolerance to a
stressful situation by root system expanding, increasing the water reservation capacity and promoting the gene expression that is responsible
for plant tolerance in face of stresses. In the present study, 114 bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of aloe veraobtained
from Hisar and Bhiwani districts of Haryana. All the isolates were screened for ammonia excretion and Amino cyclopropane carboxylate
(ACC) deaminase activity. Among 114 bacterial isolates, most of isolates showed growth on ammonium sulphate plates. However, only 56
isolates showed good growth on Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate supplemented plates. Ammonia excretion was observed in 86 bacterial
isolates. Therefore, selected bacterial isolates can be used as biofertilizer after characterizing them for other plant growth promoting traits and
field trial studies for obtaining maximum yield of aloe vera gel which also reduce the use of chemical fertilizer.
Keywords: Aloe barbadensis, biofertilizers, PGPBs, ACC, ammonia excretion.
GNRSA-2020/557
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF HADOTI REGION OF RAJASTHAN
RAM KHILARI BAIRWA1*, TARUN VERMA2, ANKITA MANTRI3

Agriculture Supervisor, Assistant Agriculture Officer
Department of Agriculture Rajasthan, India
Ethnobotany can be defined as the total natural and traditional relationship and the interactions between man and his surrounding plant wealth
from times immemorial, due to sheer, necessity, intuition, observation and experimentation. The present study highlights the importance of
ethno-medicinal plants from different regions of Rajasthan. Detailed survey had been conducted in four districts (Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar and
Baran) of Rajasthan. Mostly Hadoti region and the information regarding the use of medicine were collected on the basis of frequent
interviews with local physicians practicing indigenous systems of medicine, villagers, priests and tribal folks. The plants were identified by
using standard monographs and flora. Some past researchers also quoted uses of ethno-botanical plants in diseases severe curing like cancer,
diabetes, AIDS, skin disease and depression etc. This study is focused to provide an effective knowledge of medicinal properties of selected
medicinal plants, so that this will be a pave way to cure diseases by herbal medicines without any side effect. Medicinal plants have great
importance in providing health care to about 80% of the population in India. Plants have been an important source of precursors and products
used in a variety of industries, including those of pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics and agrochemicals. Gradually the folk medicines led to the
rise of traditional system of medicine like Ayurveda in India. In Rajasthan (India), tribals are using herbal medicine for long time.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, tribals, Medicine, folk medicinal plants.
GNRSA-2020/558
EROSION AND NUTRIENT LOSS ON SLOPING LAND UNDER NATURAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN MAIZE AND
SOYBEAN CROP FOR NORTHERN HIMALAYAS
RAM KUMAR AND PV SINGH

Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, College of Technology
GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2020 at Norman E. Borlaung Crop Research Centre (CRC), G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, (Uttarakhand), This study carried out to explore the existence of relationship among
rainfall, runoff, soil loss and nutrient losses from the thirty six experimental plots of various characteristics. The experimental plots are
constructing to have thirty six different crop pattern (maize, soybean, maize + soybean, fallow and control), with three dynamics slope (2%,
5% and 8%). The soil of nutrients loss through erosion indicates significant, need for additional and replacement to enhance sustainability of
cropping systems. This study of small-scale farming systems of Maize and Soybean found that the seasonal cost of N, P and P loss through
erosion natural climate condition under solo and intercultural cropping systems of Maize and Soybean crops. The hypothetically results
indicated that, 8% slope i.e. sediment and NPK is more compare to 2% and 5 % slope. Rainfall, runoff, and sediment and nutrients loss
monitoring was conducted during the rainy season in plots with dynamics slope and crop pattern.
Keywords: Dynamics Slope, Crops, Rainfall, Runoff, Sediment, Nutrients loss.
GNRSA-2020/559
IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) BASED SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
RAMACHARI K.V.1AND SHRIRAM GODASE2

1Ph.D Scholar (Ag.)Agriculture Extension, Dept. of Extension Education, UAS, Dharwad(KA) 2Ph.D Scholar (Ag.) Dept. of Food Science
and Technology MPKV, Rahuri (MH)
Agriculture is considered as the basis of life for the human species as it is the main source of food grains and other raw materials. It plays
vital role in the growth of country’s economy. It also provides large ample employment opportunities to the people. Growth in agricultural
sector is necessary for the development of economic condition of the country. Unfortunately, many farmers still use the traditional methods of
farming which results in low yielding of crops and fruits. But wherever automation had been implemented and human beings had been
replaced by automatic machineries, the yield has been improved. Hence there is need to implement modern science and technology in the
agriculture sector for increasing the yield. Agriculture plays vital role in the development of agricultural country. In India about 70% of
population depends upon farming and one third of the nation’s capital comes from farming. Issues concerning agriculture have been always
hindering the development of the country. The only solution to this problem is smart agriculture by modernizing the current traditional
methods of agriculture. Hence the project aims at making agriculture smart using automation and IoT technologies. The highlighting features
of this project includes smart GPS based remote controlled robot to perform tasks like weeding, spraying, moisture sensing, bird and animal
scaring, keeping vigilance, etc. Secondly it includes smart irrigation with smart control and intelligent decision making based on accurate real
time field data. Thirdly, smart warehouse management which includes temperature maintenance, humidity maintenance and theft detection in
the warehouse. Controlling of all these operations will be through any remote smart device or computer connected to Internet and the
operations will be performed by interfacing sensors, Wi-Fi or ZigBee modules, camera and actuators with micro-controller and raspberry pi.
GNRSA-2020/560
SMART AGRICULTURE APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE FARMING
*RAMESH KUMAR GUPTA, 1PRAMILA, ANAND KUMAR1 AND GHANSHYAM THAKUR2

1Department of Horticulture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848125, (Bihar) India.
2Department of Horticulture (Vegetable & Floriculture), Bihar Agriculture College, Sabour Bhagalpur (Bihar) India.
Vegetables are one of the good sources of vitamins, minerals and play an important role in ensuring food and nutritional security. Vegetable
production provides jobs and supports agribusiness, thereby generating economic opportunities. Many vegetable cultivation systems are not
sustainable. For example, some systems are rapidly pollute the environment due to intense applications of synthetic chemical fertilizers and
pesticides, often leading to food contamination and ground water pollution and enhance the soil erosion. By the concept of organic farming, a
holistic way of farming is one of the alternate forms that are aimed at sustainable vegetable production. It depend on crop rotations, green
manures, organic manures, bio-fertilizers and biological pest management for crop production excluding or strictly limiting the use of
synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Organic farming is the answer to the problems being faced by agriculture in India today. Under
organic farming nutrient management is of utmost importance as the soil fertility has to be not only maintained but also to be improved. A
healthy biologically active soil is the source of crop nutrition. A live, healthy soil with proper management and effective crop rotation can
sustain optimum productivity over the years, without any loss in fertility. The application of appropriate quantity of organic manures can not
only sustain the yield of vegetable crops but can also enhance it. The basic idea of nutrient supplementation in organic farming is to replace
the requirement of nutrients through the use of permitted inputs. This form of agriculture conserves our soil and water resources, protects our
climate, improves agro-diversity, fulfil the demand for quality food and protect the livelihoods. In brief, it ensures that the environment
blooms, the farmers makes a net profit and society has ample nutritious food.
Keyword: Sustainable, organic farming and livelihoods.
GNRSA-2020/561
ASSESSMENT OF COMBINING ABILITY AND GENE ACTION IN DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES
(Triticum durum DESF.) USING DIALLEL ANALYSIS
1RANJANA TIWARI AND 2D.R.MEGHAWAL

1Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture (Genetics and Plant Breeding)
Noida International University, Greater Noida Uttarpradesh
2Nodal Officer, AC&ABC Scheme, Rangbadi Kota Rajasthan
This study was conducted to estimate combining ability, gene action and their contribution in some wheat genotypes breeding programme
using diallel analysis. Nature and magnitude of gene action and combining ability effects for some important traits in durum wheat were
examined to identify parents and hybrids for future breeding strategies. Under the present study an 8 x 8 diallel fashion excluding reciprocals,
28 hybrids were synthesised in Rabi-2011-2012. These 28 crosses were evaluated along with 8 parents and 2 checks viz. PDW-233 and HD-
2009 in Randomized Block Design having three replications during Rabi-2012-13 at the field experimentation centre in the Department of
Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Deemed to be University, Allahabad, to
estimate the combining ability both GCA and SCA for yield and contributing traits under agroclimatic condition of eastern Uttarpradesh. In
the analysis of variance for combining ability viz; parents and their hybrids showed significant differences for all the yield and yield
attributing traits in durum wheat. Estimates of GCA for the trait Grain yield per plant, Spike length and Grain weight per spike revealed that
parent PDW-300 exhibited highest positive significant estimates for GCA effects followed by RAJ-1555 and RAJ-6560. Considering SCA
effect the cross PDW-300 × HI-8653 followed by RAJ-6560 × HI-8653, PDW-300 × DBP-01-12 among all the possible hybrids exhibited
highest positive significant SCA effect forthe trait Grain yield per plant, Spike length and Grain weight per spikeand appear to be promising
and could be utilized for the selection of high yielding progeny to achieve reliable jump in wheat improvement programme.
Keywords: Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), GCA, SCA, Gene action.
GNRSA-2020/562
ESTIMATION OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON IN DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEM OF PRAYAGRAJ DISTRICT, (U.P.)
RASHMI RAGHAV1*., S.B. LAL1., RAM BHAROSE1., RAGHVENDRA TIWARI2

1Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj- 211007(U.P.)
2ICAR- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow- 226008
Soil management system improve soil health as well as has a potential to mitigate climate change. Soil constitute the third largest carbon sink,
estimated at 2500 Gt upto 2m depth and soil organic carbon comprises 1550 Gt. A study was carried out at Prayagraj district, (U.P.) to
evaluate the impact of crop rotations on soil organic carbon 2017 to 2018. The crop rotation comprised of Rice-Wheat-Rice and Rice-
Mustard-Rice. Soil sample were randomly collected with different depth 0 to 15cm and 15-30 cm from each major crops of different Tehsils
of Prayagraj District. The soil sample were analyzed for pH, EC, BD (bulk density), PD (particle density),OC (organic carbon), NPK
(nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe). The result showed that Rice-Wheat-Rice cropping system showed
more significant impact on soil organic carbon as compare to Rice-Mustard-Rice.
Keywords: soil organic carbon, cropping system, soil management, soil health.
GNRSA-2020/563
EVALUATION OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION, SEEDLING GROWTH AND STORAGE OF TOMATO SEED
RATHI, PRASHANT⃰, RAWAL, VINAY AND SINGH, SANDEEP

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125004), India
Seed priming facilitates plantability of small seeds in the field by increasing the seed size and provides improved water uptake, oxygen
permeability, vigour and protection against diseases. Pertaining to exuberated cost of tomato seeds, farmers cannot afford economic losses by
placing more seeds per planting site in the field. Imported priming tomato seeds are also not within their economic limits, resulting in severe
competition among tomato plants and ultimately reduction in final yield. An experiment was reviewed to advance the plantability and
emergence potential of tomato seeds through augmenting different local low-cost priming materials. For this purpose, seeds were primed with
different amalgamations of bentonite, China powder, rhizobia, calcium oxide and talcum. The results indicate that priming had significantly
improved emergence potential in terms of final emergence percentage, emergence index and germination energy of tomato seeds, however,
the highest value for final emergence was achieved with combinations of talcum: CaO: talcum: bentonite. Furthermore, seedling length was
also enhanced in pelleted seeds with high vigour, as compared to non-primed seeds. The highest values for seedling length were achieved
with talcum: CaO: talcum: bentonite. This treatment demonstrated to be the most effective priming combination for tomato seeds, requiring
less time for imbibition. Storage of pelleted tomato seeds for five months under laboratory conditions also provides better protection against
environmental stresses as compared to non-primed seeds by providing mechanical support, hence refining storability of tomato seeds. The
improved performance of primed tomato seeds was accompanying with improved activity of priming material and decreased permeability of
cell membrane, hence less leakage of cellular contents during storage.
Keywords: Priming, talcum, bentonite and tomato.
GNRSA-2020/564
MODERN CYTOGENETIC TOOLS IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
RATHOD V.U., H.V. KALPANDE AND M.P. WANKHEDE

Department of Agricultural Botanty, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, MH
In recent years, advances in the molecular cytogenetic technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which enables the direct
chromosomal localization of labeled DNA probes and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), which determines the inter-species distribution
of repeated sequence how enable a resurgence of cytogenetic analysis in plant genome research and molecular breeding (J Devi et.al 2005).
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the assay of choice for localization of specific nucleic acids sequences in native context, is a 20-
year-old technology that has developed continuously. Over its maturation, various methodologies and modifications have been introduced to
optimize the detection of DNA and RNA. The pervasiveness of this technique is largely because of its wide variety of applications and the
relative ease of implementation and performance of in situ studies. Although the basic principles of FISH have remained unchanged, high
sensitivity detection, simultaneous assay of multiple species, and automated data collection and analysis have advanced the field significantly.
Key methodological advances have allowed technological breakthroughs now permit multi-target visualization and quantitative analysis –
both factors that have made FISH accessible to all and applicable to any investigation of nucleic acids. practical application of these
techniques in chromosomes mapping, genome analysis, detection of chromosomal aberration, alien chromatin in plant breeding programmes,
study of chromosome organization at interphase nuclei and analysis of somaclonal variation in tissue culture have been spresent. In the future,
this technique is likely to have significant further impact on live-cell imaging and on medical diagnostics (M.L Jeffrey et.al 2003).
GNRSA-2020/565
DEVELOPMENT OF FIBRE RICH COOKIES
RATNESH KUMAR*, SAMSHER, SURESH CHANDRA, NEELASH CHAUHAN, B. R. SINGH AND VAISHALI1
College of Post Harvest Technology and Food Processing, College of Agriculture1
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250110 (UP)
Bakery industry in India is considered as one of the major industries in food processing. Baking products are gaining popularity as processed
foods because of their availability, ready to eat convenience and reasonably good shelf life. Composite flour as a mixture of flours, starches
and other ingredients intended to replace wheat flour totally or partially in bakery products. The bakery products produced using composite
flour were of good quality, with some characteristics similar to wheat-flour bread, though the texture and the properties of the composite flour
bakery products were different from those made from wheat flour, with an increased nutritional value and the appearance. Apart from being a
good source of calories and other nutrients, wheat is considered nutritionally poor, as cereal proteins are deficient in essential amino acids
such as lysine and threonine. Cookies and biscuits are very vital from the bakery products. These are ideal for availability of essential
nutrients. Cookies and biscuits are different from other bakery items such as cakes and bread because these contain lower moisture contents
as compare to other bakery foods, relatively free from microbial spoilage and longer shelf life. Cookies can be prepared using many
ingredients viz guava powder, carrot powder, mung bean, oats, barley, bajra, ragi, semolina, corn and wheat flours.
Keywords:Composite Flour, Wheat Flour, Guava Powder, Carrot Powder, Semolina, Cookies.
GNRSA-2020/566
AGRIBUSINESS ANALYSIS OF BROILER POULTRY UNITS IN RAIGAD DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA
RAUT S. D.* S. T. GORE AND S. M. VIRKAR

1&2Dept. of Agril. Economics, College of Agriculture, Paniv, Dist.- Solapur,
3. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agril. Economics, College of Agriculture, Akluj, Dist.- Solapur, Maharashtra, India
Per farm total cost of production was found highest on large poultry farm (Rs. 5232209) followed by the medium (Rs. 2636044) and small
(Rs. 1395372) poultry farms. The cost of production per kg of live weight has inverse relation with the size of broiler farms. Per farm gross
returns obtained from small, medium and large groups were Rs. 1590276, Rs. 3180338 and Rs. 6579208 respectively. However at the overall
level it was Rs. 3327833. Out of which 98.08 per cent from sale of broiler, 1.67 per cent from sale of manure and 0.25 per cent from sale of
empty gunny bags. The per farm and per bird cost benefit ratios at overall level was 1:1.22, whereas different size groups it was 1:1.14,
1:1.21 and 1:1.26 from small, medium and large groups respectively. The financial feasibility analysis indicated positive net present value,
benefit cost ratio has greater than one and internal rate of returns more than prevailing rate of interest in all size of broiler farms. This showed
that the broiler poultry farming is profitable business in Raigad district.
GNRSA-2020/567
CONSTRAINTS FACED BY THE BROILER POULTRY OWNERS IN RAIGAD DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA STATE
RAUT. S.D* ,V. T. TARANGE, K.V.TINGARE AND D. B. MALAVE

1 and 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agril. Economics, College of Agriculture, Paniv, Dist.- Solapur, 3. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agril.
Economics, College of Agriculture,Wadala, Dist.- Solapur, 4. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agril. Economics,DBSKKV, Dapoli, Dist.-
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
Poultry farming occupies a pivotal position due to its enormous potential to bring about rapid economic growth with low investment. Poultry
sector is dubbed as the one having highest employability per unit of investment.The Raigad district of Konkan region was selected
purposively for the present study. The major problems faced by broiler farmers in Raigad district at overall level was high cost of feed
(85.00%) followed by high cost of chicks (76.67%), fluctuation in market prices (76.67%), non-availability of transport and marketing
facility (56.67%), non-availability of feed in time (46.47%), high cost of electricity and labour charges (40.00%), incidence of diseases
(28.33%), lack of sufficient credit facility (25.00%), non-availability of chicks in time (23.33%) and Lack of supply medical, veterinary aids
(13.33%) respectively.
Keywords: constraints, poultry birds.
GNRSA-2020/568
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WHEAT CROP YIELD AND DEVELOPMENT OF STATISTICAL
MODELS FOR PRE-HARVEST FORECAST OF CROP – YIELD IN AYODHYA DISTRICT OF EASTERN UP
RAVI PRAKASH GUPTA, SARVESHKUMAR,K K MOURYA,ANNU

Department of Agriculture Statistics, Acharya NarendraDev University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya- (U.P.)
The present investigation entitled “A study on impact of climate change on wheat crop yield and development of statistical models for pre-
harvest forecast of crop – yield in Ayodhya district of Eastern UP” will be based on time series data on yield of wheat and weekly data from
44th SMW of the previous year to 6th SMW of the following year on eight weather variables viz, Minimum Temperature, Maximum
Temperature, Rainfall, Rainy days, Relative humidity 08.30 hours, Relative humidity 17.30 hours, Wind velocity 08.30 and Wind velocity
17.30 hours. The data on above aspects covering the period from 1990-91 to 2016-17 will be utilized for development of pre- harvest forecast
model. Using statistical methodologies such as multiple regression, discriminant function analysis for developing pre-harvest forecast models,
13 models will be developed. The model based on discriminant function analysis, principle component analysis and regression model will be
developed on the basis of adj R2, RMSE and % SE. These models can be used to get the reliable forecast of wheat yield two and half month
before the harvest.
GNRSA-2020/569
IMPACT OF SOIL EROSION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE: AN OVERVIEW
A. K. SINGH, RAVI PRAKASH VERMA

Department of agricultural meteorology, Narendradeva university of agriculture & technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U.P.)
Soil erosion is a major global soil degradation threat to natural resources viz. land, freshwater and oceans. Wind and water are the major
drivers, with water erosion over land being the focus of this work; excluding gullying and riverbank erosion. Improving knowledge of the
probable future rates of soil erosion, accelerated by human activity, is important both for policymakers engaged in land use decision-making
and for earth-system modelers seeking to reduce uncertainty on global predictions. Correct estimation of soil loss at the catchment level helps
the land and water resources planners to identify priority areas for soil conservation measures. Soil erosion is one of the major hazards
affected by climate change, particularly the increasing intensity of rainfall resulted in increasing erosion, apart from other factors like land-
use change. Climate changes harm to increasing rainfall. Controlling the sediment must be an integral part of any soil management system to
improve water and soil quality. Eroded topsoil can be transported by wind or water into streams and other waterways. . Global warming not
only causes a change in average temperature and precipitation but also increases the frequency of floods, droughts, heat waves, and the
intensity of typhoons and hurricanes following the change in temperature . The impacts of climate change are also shown in various other
forms throughout the world, including the rise of sea level, decrease in glaciers, northward movement of plant habitats, changes in animal
habitats, rise of ocean temperature, shortened winter and the early arrival of spring. Climate change disturbs the agricultural ecosystem,
resulting in the change in agricultural climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation, and sunlight, while further influencing the arable,
livestock, and hydrology sectors. The disturbance of both major components of agriculture viz. land and environment that causes serious
impact in agriculture and crop production system because agriculture thoroughly depends on it the interaction of both agriculture factors
causes destructive changing Global as well as regional food production pattern. Therefore the issue is that ensure food security in India, this
work is essential in together at both level.
GNRSA-2020/570
ISOTHERMAL BASED ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR RAPID AND VISUAL DETECTION OF POTATO PATHOGENS
RAVINDER KUMAR1, RAHUL KUMAR TIWARI1, MILAN KUMAR LAL, PRIYANKA KAUNDAL1, SUNDARESHA S1,
KAILASH C. NAGA1, SANJEEV SHARMA1 AND VINAY SAGAR1
1ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, H.P., India
The potato is a vegetatively propagated crop through seed tubers that allow the easily transmission of diseases. Hence, the pressure of
production of disease-free seed potato and subsequent main crop has become a challenge in most of the world. Fungal, bacterial and viral
diseases are considered the most significant culprit in healthy seed potato production. At present, the planting of healthy and disease free seed
potatoes is the most effective approach to manage potato diseases. Nowadays, reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification
(RT-LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) have been used to detect plant diseases due to its simplicity, rapidity, high
sensitivity, and specificity. Both the methods are considered isothermal amplification techniques, operating at 60 0C and 37-420C,
respectively. These techniques are needed minimal sample preparation and capable of amplifying as low as 1-10 DNA target copies in 20-60
minutes. These have been used to amplify diverse targets, including RNA, miRNA, ssDNA and dsDNA from a wide variety of organisms and
samples. Furthermore, both techniques have been successfully integrated with different detection strategies, from end-point lateral flow strips
to real-time fluorescent detection amongst others. These techniques could successfully detect positively infected plant leaves and tubers
samples, considering the time, safety, sensitivity, and simplicity. Visual detection of amplified products can also be done using the SYBR
Green I dye under UV light or ambient light and therefore the additional step of gel electrophoresis is not required. A positive result in the
reaction mixture can be observed as the orange color with no amplification whereas turns green with amplification using the dye. Overall,
these methods are speedy, sensitive, and convenient and could detect the pathogen in infected potato tubers including asymptomatic plants.
GNRSA-2020/571
UTILIZATION OF ENZYME MODIFIED SWEET POATATO STARCH IN FORMULATION OF ICE CREAM
RAVINDRA KALE1* AND MANMATH SONTAKKE2

1Department of Food Process Technology, 2Departmet of Food Chemistry and Nutrition,
MGM College of Food Technology, MGM Hills, Gandheli, Aurangabad-431 007 (M.S.)-India.
This study focuses on use of enzyme modified sweet potato starch in formulation of ice cream. The different formulations were made to
standardize the level of enzyme modified sweet potato starch is mixed with khoa viz., 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60 respectively to
replace fat. Results sensory evaluation showed that ice cream sample M1I2 received highest sensory score i.e. 8.5 containing 20 per cent
enzyme modified starch. Further studies carried for influence of addition of EMS on overrun, total solids, meltdown point and viscosity (cP)
of ice cream mix. Results showed overrun value was in the range of 48.41 to 55.32 percent whereas total solid content was in between 34.50
to 37.31 percent. The apparent viscosity of ice cream mix was in the ranged of 129.87 to 147.17cP. Further, chemical properties of ice cream
mix were also studied include fat, protein, titratable acidity and pH. It was observed that there was remarkable decrease in fat content from
9.85 to 5.79 percent was noticed with increased EMS level. It could be finally concluded that up to 20% incorporation of enzyme modified
sweet potato starch can be used to reduce fat content in formulation of low calorie ice cream.
Keywords: Sweet potato starch, Enzyme modification, Ice cream, fat replacer, viscosity.
GNRSA-2020/572
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE
RAVINDRA MEENA
Department of Soil Science, CPU, Kota
During the recent decade, with the growing recognition of the possibility of climate change and clear evidence of observed changes in climate
during 20th century, an increasing emphasis on food security and its regional impacts has come to forefront of the scientific community. In
India, substantial work has been done in last decade aimed at understanding the nature and magnitude of change in yield of different crops
due to projected climate change. This paper presents an overview of the state of the knowledge of possible effect of the climate variability
and change on food grain production in India.While not yet universally accepted, it is now widely believed that anthropogenic emissions of
carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse” gases have the potential to substantially warm climates worldwide. The term "weather" refers to the
short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region (Merritts et al. 1998). In the long run, the climatic change
could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and
transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the
mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close
to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields.
Keyword:-Greenhouse, Weather, Climate change.
GNRSA-2020/573
METAGENOMICS; GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES
*1REDINA SAPAM, 2MALEMNGANBI KEISHAM, 3JYOTSANA SANASAM, 4S.MONTESHORI, 5BABY WANGKHEM,

6TABALIQUE YUMKHAIBAM and 7K. SARDA DEVI
1MSc. Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal-795003
2,3,4,5,6,7Research Scholar, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Region, Lamphelpat-, Manipur
Metagenomics is the study of genetic materials recovered directly from the environmental samples such as soil, tissue etc. It is based on the
genomics analysis of microbial DNA directly from the communities present in samples. Uncultured microorganisms comprise the majority of
the planet's biological diversity. Microorganisms represent two of the three domains of life and contain vast diversity that is the product of an
estimated 3.8 billion years of evolution. In many environments, as many as 99% of the microorganisms cannot be cultured by standard
techniques, and the uncultured fraction includes diverse organisms that are only distantly related to the cultured ones. Therefore, culture-
independent methods are essential to understand the genetic diversity, population structure, and ecological roles of the majority of
microorganisms. Metagenomics, or the culture-independent genomic analysis of an assemblage of microorganisms, has potential to answer
fundamental questions in microbial ecology. Sequenced-based Metagenomics can assemble genomes, identify genes, find metabolic
pathways and compared organisms of different communities. Genome assembly requires lots of computer power but it can lead to a better
understanding of how certain genes help organisms survive in a particular environment. Analysing microbial diversity is less costly and less
computer intensive than assembly genomes and it can provide valuable information about the ecology of microbes in a sample.
Keywords: Genome, Metagenomics, Microorganisms, Sequenced-based Metagenomics.
GNRSA-2020/574
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CROPS TO DROUGHT STRESS AND ITS MITIGATION APPROACHES
REKHA SODANI
College of Agriculture, Nagaur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan (India)
Climate change is a major threat to most of the agricultural crops grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Drought stress is the reason of
climate change that has a negative impact on crop growth, development phenology, water and nutrient relations, photosynthesis, assimilate
partitioning and respiration.In the crops various morpho-physiological traits associated with drought resistance mechanism i. e. decrease leaf
area, root: shoot ratio, cell membrane stability, early maturity of the crop, relative water content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll and
carotenoid content. The crop plants accumulate some organic and inorganic solutes in the cytosol to maintain turgidity during drought
condition. Drought stress affects photosynthesis by the destruction of photosystem II. The research focused on those physiological pathways
which change during drought condition. Drought tolerance contributing genes identification is very important. Modern approaches used to
develop drought-tolerant crop genotypes like water budgeting, physiological parameters based breeding and molecular breeding.
Keywords:Drought, stress, morphological and physiological traits.
GNRSA-2020/575
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
1RENU GANGWAR AND 2AMITA YADAV

1Department of Agricultural Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Kotwa, Azamgarh
(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, UP
2College of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab
Information use in Agriculture has increasingly become important for effective decision-making by the farmers. The rapid technological
advancements and changing agricultural systems have significantly changes the needs of transfer of advanced and timely information and
knowledge to the farmers through ICT based channels. Farmers’ decisions of adopting new agricultural technologies are based on their
perceptions of limited information. Information on improved agricultural technologies and practices in most developing countries is delivered
by publicly funded agricultural extension services, which have previously failed to respond to the changing needs of the farming
communities. However, significant changes in publicly-funded agricultural extension services have been seen in recent years, where the use
of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have substantially increased to meet the information requirement of the farming
communities. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have a great potential help to transform agriculture into a profitable farm
business. The ability of modern ICTs to deliver relevant and timely information facilitates taking informed decisions for using their resources
in the most productive and profitable ways. Information and Communication Technology is focuses on the enhancement of agricultural and
rural development through improved information and communication processes. ICT includes devices, networks, mobiles, services and
applications; these range from innovative Internet-era technologies and sensors to other pre-existing aids such as fixed telephones,
televisions, radios and satellites. Provisions of standards, norms, methodologies, and tools as well as development of individual and
institutional capacities, and policy support are all key components of e-Agriculture.
Keywords: Agriculture, Communication, Information and Technology.
GNRSA-2020/576
RHIZO- MEDIATED SOIL MANAGEMENT AFFECTS EXTRACELLULAR-ENZYME AMYLASE ISOLATED FROM
RICE RHIZOSPHERE IN INCEPTISOLS OF JAMMU
RENU GUPTA1 AND DIVYANSH VERMA 2

1,2Division of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-a-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology Jammu , Chatha Jammu
The process of enzyme secretion is an energy-consuming regulatory process that is vital for the catalysis of the corresponding substrate.
Moreover, the ability of the microorganism to secrete extracellular enzymes is a mean of survival, as an adaptation to the hostility of the
environment. The presence of bacteria in the soil has triggered the extracellular secretion of amylase for the breakdown of these substrates.
The accumulation of these substrates exerts pressure on the bacteria, which triggered the excretion of the enzymes. Beside substrates, other
inducers for the excretion of these enzymes are the temperature, pH, sunlight, or other stress factors. These extracellular enzymes are located
in the periplasmic space and are secreted depending on the sensing capacity of themicrobes or quorum sensing that responds to the
inducers.Soil samples were collected from different treatments and brought to lab for studying enzyme activities. Serial dilution was made
and was plated on nutrient agar by spreading 0.2ml of the diluted sample. Then the plates were kept for incubation at 37°C for overnight
.Isolated colonies were picked up from each plate containing pure culture and streaked in straight lines in starch agar plates with starch as the
only carbon source. After incubation at 37ºC for 48 hrs., individual plates were flooded with Gram’s iodine to produce a deep blue colored
starch-iodine complex. In the zone of degradation no blue colour forms, which formed the basis of the detection and screening of an
amylolytic strain. The colonies which were showing zone of clearance in starch agar plates were maintained on to nutrient agar slants. Eight
bacterial isolates from different treatments in soil were tested for production of amylase by the starch hydrolysis test. Out of eight isolates,
three bacteria , showed the zone of clearance on starch agar media and among three, Bacillus sp. (B1,B2 and B3) B3 showed the maximum
zone of clearance on the starch agar medium i.e 2.0 mm. So, B 3 isolate was selected for the further study of amylase activity.. There might be
catabolite repression in the early stages of culture grown at high temperature, but as growth proceeds the inducers may become active and
induce more enzyme secretion The influence of temperature on amylase production is related to the growth of microbes (Kathiresan and
Manivannan, 2006).
GNRSA-2020/577
EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON PLANT GROWTH AND FLOWERING ATTRIBUTES OF SWEET WILLIAM (DIANTHUS
BARBATUS) TO UNDER MOISTURE STRESS
RIFAT RAMZAN, FAROOQ AHMAD KHAN, SAJAD AHMAD BHAT, FAHEEMULLAH KHAN, SHAKEEL AHMAD MIR
AND RAFIA PARVEEZ
Division of BSH; Division of FLA; Division of Agri. Stat
Sweet william (Dianthus barbatus) is a popular ornamental garden plant of carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) native to South Europe and parts
of Asia. Traditional sweet williams are herbaceous biennial plants requiring a cold period before flowering can take place (vernalisation).
Moisture stress affects many aspects of plant growth and development throughout their life cycle and ultimately limiting plant productivity and
quality. Salicylic acid is known to have a regulatory role in a range of physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, transpiration, nutrient
uptake, chlorophyll biosynthesis and plant development. In addition, SA has also been recognized as an important signalling molecule that
potentially influences plant tolerance to water stress because of its influence on the regulation of metabolic and physiological activities during
the entire lifespan of the plant, affecting its growth parameters and bio-productivity. Therefore, in order to characterize the adverse effects of
water stress and its amelioration through the use of salicylic acid, the present investigation was conducted. Plants were exposed to water stress
at 50, and 25 percent of field capacity and soil with 100 percent field capacity was taken as control. Salicylic acid @ 0, 10 and 20 µM were
applied to the plant through root dip and foliar spray. Data were collected on plant height, shoot dry weight, flower weight, and vase life. Plants
were also analyzed for leaf RWC, leaf chlorophyll, carotenoid, CSI, leaf proline, nitrate reductase activity and MSI. Data are discussed in light
of the basic physiological principles and previoius works conducted on the subject.
GNRSA-2020/578
IMPACT OF BIOCHAR AND PYROLYTIC TEMPERATURE ON NUTRIENT CONTENT OF DIFFERENT FEED STOCKS
RIHANA RAHMAN*, JAVID AHMAD SOFI, NAYAR AFAQ KIRMANI, INSHA JAVEED, AND SHEMOO NISAR
Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus- 190025, Srinagar, J&K, India
A Biochar experiment was carried out to find the effect of pyrolytic temperature under limited oxygen conditions on different feed stocks for
mineral profiling. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of pyrolytic temperature effect of feedstock on biochar properties.
The treatments include 5 feed stocks (FYM, Chinar leaves, Maize stalks, almond twigs and apple twigs) and three pyrolytic temperatures
(250oC, 350oC, 450oC) with three replications (total treatment combination 45) with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results
revealed that the interactive effect of temperature and feed stocks on total nitrogen content was significantly noteworthy at 250oC with Chinar
leaves biochar (2.33%) while as lowest was recorded in Maize stalk biochar (1.79%).Total Phosphorus, total calcium, total Magnesium and
total sulphur content was recorded highest with treatment combination of 450 oC with FYM biochar 0.32%, 4974.66 ppm, 138.00 ppm and
320.33ppm respectively. Total Iron, total copper, total Manganese and total Zinc content was recorded highest at 450 oC with Apple twigs
biochar 2019.00 ppm, 162.00 ppm, 564.00 ppm and 575.00 ppm respectively. It can be concluded from the present investigation with
increase in pyrolytic temperature there was significant increase in all macro and micronutrients except nitrogen. It was found that Chinar
leaves biochar exhibited highest total nitrogen followed by FYM biochar. It was recorded that highest carbon content was observed in
Almond twigs biochar followed by Apple twigs biochar. The combined effect of biochar and temperature was found at 250 oC on nitrogen and
carbon 450oC.
Keywords: Biochar, pyrolytic temperature, Mineral profiling.
GNRSA-2020/579
EFFECT OF BIOCHAR AND PYROLYTIC TEMPERATURE ON BIOCHAR YIELD, FTIR PARAMETERS AND
ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS OF DIFFERENT FEED STOCKS
RIHANA RAHMAN*, JAVID AHMAD SOFI, INSHA JAVEED, TAJAMUL HUSSAIN MALIK AND MAJID RASHID
A Biochar experiment was carried out to find the effect of pyrolytic temperature under limited oxygen conditions on different feed stocks
for Biochar yield, FTIR parameters and adsorption isotherms. The treatments include 5 feed stocks (FYM, Chinar leaves, Maize stalks,
almond twigs and apple twigs) and three pyrolytic temperatures (250 OC, 350 OC, 450OC) with three replications (total treatment combination
45) with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Biochar yield was recorded highest at treatment combination of 250 OC with Apple twigs
biochar (1.75%). An adsorption isotherm experiment was carried out at desired initial concentrations (0.01-200.00mgL-1) in the form of lead
nitrate. The maximum adsorption of Pb 2+ wasobtained at initial concentrations and the adsorption of Pb2+ attained equilibrium at about 15
minutes. Lead adsorption capacity increases with the increase of its concentration and almost a constant value was achieved at higher
concentration. Adsorption of lead ions on the biochar was studiedwith two isotherm models such as Langmuir and Freundlich. Equilibrium
adsorption data was better fitted to Freundlich isotherm (R2>0.90) with adsorption maxima was found to be highest in Apple twigs biochar at
450 OC with n value of 2.03 and KF value of 1.40. FTIR experiment was conducted with all the feed stocks and it was observed that peak
appeared on FYM, Apple twigs and Maize stalk at 3690 cm -1,.peak at 3722cm-1 was observed for Maize stalk biochar (350 OC) and peaks at
2932, 2882 and 2900 cm-1 shown only in FYM and Apple twigs. For Maize stalk bands 2850 and 2920 disappear at CBC (450 OC), small
band at 2398 cm-1 shown only in Apple twigs biochar (450OC).
Keywords: Biochar yield, FTIR and Adsorption isotherms.
GNRSA-2020/580
ROLE OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN CROP PRODUCTION
RIHANA RAHMAN*, JAVID AHMAD SOFI, INSHA JAVEED, SHEMOO NISAR, TAJAMUL HUSSAIN MALIK AND MAJID
RASHID
Micronutrients are abundantly present in the soil but plants usually acquire them in relatively trace amounts; hence, regarded as tracer
element. B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo and Ni are such micronutrients required in minute amounts by plants but inexorably play an eminent role in
plant growth and development. Plant metabolism, nutrient regulation, reproductive growth, chlorophyll synthesis, production of
carbohydrates, fruit and seed development, etc., are such effective functions performed by micronutrients. These tracer elements when
present at adequate level, elevate the healthy growth in plant physiological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics while their deficiency
promotes abnormal growth in plants. Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency has become more common in recent years and the rate of their
reduction has further been increased by the perpetual demands of modern crop cultivars, high soil erosion, etc. Indian soils are extensively
deficient in micronutrients and 5.4% soils of India recorded Cu deficiency. Copper fertilization significantly increased the growth and yield
parameters of rice crop in Cu deficient soils while the soils with adequate or high Cu status showed declining response. Application of Zn
significantly increase the plant growth parameters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant and chlorophyll content of Okra and also
Zn at 3% combined with Mn at 60 mg/l gave highest fruit set and significantly increased the yield. Application of one kg Mo/ha significantly
increased fresh and dry weight of nodules in Cluster bean. It was determined that foliar applications of iron showed positive effect on yield,
fruit number which significantly resulted in an increase in marketable yield in Tomato. The foliar application of Ni significantly increased the
yield attributes viz., number of ear pot−1, number of grains ear−1, straw yield, grain yield and weight of 1000 grains of barley. Application of
chlorine significantly increased fresh ear yield in corn. Application of boron during flowering increased the growth of the pollen tube at
flowering stage. Boron foliar sprays to boron deficient fruit trees under dry conditions delayed bloom and increased fruit set and final fruit
number per tree.
Keywords: Micronutrients, role of micronutrients, growth, quality, yield.

GNRSA-2020/581
ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT PRACTICED IN MANIPUR AGAINST DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS OF BRINJAL
RIMAMAY KONJENGBAM, N. SUNITA DEVI, TAKHELLAMBAM JULIA, THOKCHOM NEPOLIAN SINGH AND BIJEETA
THANGJAM
College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Lamphel-795004, Imphal
Brinjal is one of the important vegetable crops in Manipur. Brinjal production is however limited due to diseases and insect pests prevailing
in Manipur. Survey were conducted on three major diseases namely, leaf mold caused by Cladosporium fulvum, fruit rot caused by
Phomopsis vexans and foot rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and three major insects namely, fruit and shoot borers (Leucinodes orbonalis),
aphids (Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii) and tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) along with the eco- friendly management practices
adopted by farmers against these diseases and insect pests in different locations in the valley districts of Manipur. Application of biocontrol
agents, aqueous plant extracts, natural organic plant growth promoter, and installation of sex pheromones under field conditions had
efficiently managed these diseases and insect pests. Timely survey and surveillance revealed that application of commercial formulation of
Trichoderma viride ,Trichoderma harzianum , Pseudomonas flourescens and Bacillus subtilis and the plant extracts namely, garlic and neem
reduced the incidence of all the diseases. Installation of pheromone trap Luci-Lure from 25-35 days after transplanting was effective in
managing fruit and shoot borer. The plant extracts namely, garlic and neem and commercial formulation of Beauveria bassiana and
Metarrhizium anisopliae were found to manage aphids effectively. Commercial formulation of Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium
anisopliae were also found to be efficient in managing tobacco cutworm. Use of organic growth promoter was observed to be effective not
only in promoting plant growth but also in reducing incidence of diseases and insect pests.
Keywords: Brinjal, biocontrol, plant extract, pheromone.
GNRSA-2020/582
YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY OKRA (ABELMOSCHUSESCULENTUS L.) AS INFLUENCED BY INTEGRATED
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
RISHABH PAWAR*, ANIL KUMAR1, SWAPANA SEPEHYA2, SHIV PRATAP SINGH3

*Department of Soil Science and Water Management, COHF Neri, Hamirpur,DrYSP UHF Nauni, Solan (H P) India, Pin-177001
Email: rishabhpawar31@gmail.com
1Department of Soil Science and Water Management, COHF Neri,Hamirpur,DrYSP UHF Nauni, Solan (H P) India
2Department of Soil Science and Water Management, COHF Neri,Hamirpur,DrYSP UHF Nauni, Solan (H P) India
3Department of Vegetable science, COHF Neri,Hamirpur, DrYSP UHF Nauni, Solan (H P) India
A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of integrated nutrient management in okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L.) under sub-
montane and low hills subtropical zone of Himachal Pradesh at the Experimental Farm of the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri,
Hamirpur, (HP) during kharif2019 in a randomized block design with eleven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of control
(T1), 100 % RDF (T2), VC @ 10 t ha-1 (T3), 75 % RDF + VC (T4), 100 % RDF + VC (T5), PM @ 10 t ha-1 (T6), 75 % RDF + PM (T7), 100 %
RDF + PM (T8), FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T9), 75 % RDF + FYM (T10) and 100 % RDF + FYM (T11).. The results revealed that combined
application of fertilizers and manures significantly influenced the fruit and stover yield of okra and also resulted in higher nutrient uptake by
okra. The treatment comprising of 100 % RDF + poultry manure @ 10 t ha -1 (T8) recorded the highest fruit yield, stover yield and nutrient
uptake of okra which was at par with the application of 75 % RDF + poultry manure @ 10 t ha -1 (T7).From these results, it is concluded that
farmers can save 25 % inorganic fertilizers by integrating inorganic fertilizers with organics and amongst organics poultry manure proved
best in attaining maximum yield and higher nutrient removal by okra from the soil. Therefore, 75 % RDF + poultry manure @ 10 t ha-
1
treatment can be recommended for okra cultivation under sub-montane and low hills subtropical zone of Himachal Pradesh.
Keywords: Okra, integrated nutrient management, nutrient uptake, stover yield, poultry manure.
GNRSA-2020/583
ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF POLLINATOR FAUNA OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) AT MODERN BEE
RESEARCH CENTER, PANTNAGAR, UTTARAKHAND
RITESH KUMAR*, POONAM SRIVASTAVA AND M. S. KHAN

Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand)
A preliminary study was conducted for Ninety days in a commercial crop field at Modern Bee Research Center in Pantnagar, Udham Singh
Nagar district of Uttarakhand during the flowering phase of Helianthus annuus L. to observe the periodical occurrence of various insect
visitors and their role in pollination. 17 insect species belonging to 9 families under 3 orders were recorded as visitors of Sunflower crop. As
a whole, Hymenoptera had maximum number of species occurrence followed by Lepidoptera and Diptera. In case of open pollination, the
abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera insect like A. mellifera was observed significantly more at 1000-1200 hr (13.67 bee/ 2 m2 /2 min)
and reached at its peaks at 1400-1600 hr (16.67 bee /2 m2//2 min) and mean value of (11.08 bee/2 m2 /2 min). The intensity of A. cerana
indica, Trigona laeviceps, Trigona iridipenni, A. dorsata mostly observed in 1400-1600 hr period of time. The visitation of various
pollinators was mostly active in 1000-1200 hr period. The Apis dorsta reached at its peak at 1400-1600 hr (6.33 bee /2 m2//2 min) after that
decline trend was observed at 1600-1800 hr. The A. cerana indica reached at peak period of 1400-1600 hr (12.33 bee/2 m2 /2 min) after that
decline trend was observed at 1600-1800 hr. Followed by different lepidopteran population reached at its peak at 1200-1400 hr and after that
decline trend observed 1600-1800 hr period of time. It has also been observed that species were found to visit in different parts of plant but
most of them had a common location with flowers. It is indicated that most of the insect species has specific intension of nectar and pollen
collection which led the pollination efficiency.
Keywords: Abundance, Diversity, Helianthus annuus, Pollinator.
GNRSA-2020/584
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT, WEED AND PEST MANAGEMENT
RITIK CHAWLA
Department of Horticulture/ Fruit science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab
India is the second most popular country in the world and about half of the population engaged in agriculture. Many people show interest for
doing crop cultivation. But due to the lack of infrastructure or proper knowledge about existing technologies farmers do farming for their
need instead of their desire. For each crop usually chemical fertilizer is primarily used to increase the yield. Prior to the discovery of chemical
fertilizers the nutrient supply and soil fertility were maintained by the use of animal manures, crop residues or through regular rotations and
fallow periods. But after the Green Revolution has taken place the use of animal manures and other organic sources of nutrients has steadily
decreased, which has often created organic waste disposal problems and increases use of inorganic nutrients. Use of chemical fertilizers in
huge amount without animal manures creates soil health problems while organic sources alone not able to fulfill the requirements of high
demanding nutrient crops. As organic manures release nutrients very slowly. We may use all available organic sources, but we won't feed
billions of people with organic fertilizers. For Indian farming, the use of chemical fertilizers cannot be completely eliminated, but can be
reduced or minimized as several nutrient deficiencies exist in Indian soils. Neither organic fertilizers nor inorganic fertilizers alone can
maintain productivity. So, the option is to concentrate on alternate system like integrated nutrient management that aims to use all types of
resources to meet the nutrient requirement of crop as well as to soil in an integrated manner. The same principle of INM follows to IWM or
IPM which also aims to reduce the use of pesticides or herbicides and to rely more on other strategies to control pests, diseases and weeds.
GNRSA-2020/585
CULTIVATION AND UTILIZATION OF viola tricolor L.:A MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT ORNAMENTAL
*RITIKA JAMWAL AND GEETA SHARMA

Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India.
Viola tricolor L. (commonly called heartsease) is an ornamental species, which falls in Melanium section of genus Viola. This species is
distributed throughout the temperate regions. Numerous varieties of this species with varying colors (white to blue and purple to orange and
yellow to red) are cultivated in public and private gardens throughout India. The aerial (leaves and flowers) parts of this ornamental also have
therapeutic value and find use as novel functional food. In view of economic importanceof this species in the country as well as in Jammu
province, preliminary data has been gathered on morphological and cultivation aspects of a local hybrid variety (Bhawani seed company)
largely cultivated in Jammu province. However, ethnomedicinal data are based on published literature. Morphological details made from five
plants reveal that, this herbaceous species has fistular stem and hairy roots with cauline, simple, alternate and glaucous leaves having crenate
margins and obtuse apex. Its leaves range in number from 7-12 (7.42±0.81), with mean length and width of leaf lamina being 4.05cm±0.11
(3.4-4.5cm) and 3.28cm±0.11 (2.9-4.1cm). Average petiole length of this plant valued as 3.37cm±0.21 (2.5-4.5cm). Stipules present in this
species are lanceolate, foliaceous, pinnatified and persistent with an acute apex, with their average length being 1.74cm±0.094. The plants of
this species produce beautiful violet flowers that are bracteate, hermaphrodite zygomorphic and pentamerous with five sepals and five petals.
Its stamens are five in number and ovary is tricarpellary syncarpous. Its fruit is capsule bearing many seeds. Presentation will highlight the
morphology, cultivation practices and ethnomedicinal uses of this ornamental plant.
GNRSA-2020/586
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SYNGONIUM
RITU JAIN*, VANLALRUATI, BABITA SINGH AND A K TIWARI

Division of Floriculture and Landscaping,
ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012
Syngonium podophyllum Schott., commonly known as Syngonium or Arrowhead plant is a member of family Arecaceae is native of Southern
Mexico. It is a hardy houseplant and is excellent choice for low light. Mostly slow release fertilizers or water soluble fertilizers are used for
the production of foliage pot plants, but the dose is not standardize , thereby, excessive use of chemical fertilizers results in soil degradation
and low use efficiency of applied fertilizers. Moreover, application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can improve microbial activity,
biomass, and nutrient utilization efficiency, therefore the experiment was carried out to study the integrated effect of bio fertilizers including
VAM and PSB along with water soluble fertilizers on the growth and development of potted syngonium. The present study was carried out at
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping in the year 2019-20. There experiment was consisting of 11 treatments replicated thrice and each
replication was having 5 pots. The treatments were consisting of different doses of water soluble fertilizers (19:19:19) alone, or in
combination of VAM or PSB and were compared with control and controlled release fertilizer. Observations were recorded for
morphological parameters; including plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, leaf area, relative water content , root parameters; like root
length, root volume, root area, root diameter as well as biomass parameters; like fresh and dry weight of leaf stem and roots, shoot: root ratio,
,and physico- chemical parameters of soil ;(pH, EC, OC, available N, available P and available K) and leaf nutrient content ;(N, P , K, Ca
and Na content ) overall plant presentability. It was observed that out of all treatments, the treatments containing water soluble fertilizer +
VAM showed best results with reference to overall growth, development and presentability of potted syngoniums.
GNRSA-2020/587
EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON SECONDARY METABOLITES IN PEEL AND PULP OF WILD POMEGRANATE FRUITS
RITU MAHAJAN* AND AZHAR JAVED

School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006
Plants produce large number of the secondary metabolites in response to varying environment conditions that help them to adapt and cope up
with stressful constraints during changing environment. Wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), belonging to family Punicaceae grows in
western Himalayas, including Jammu and Kashmir. Fruit peel and pulp considered as agro-waste can be investigated for bioactive
metabolites in order to develop new drugs. Methanolic extracts of peel and pulp of red wild pomegranate fruits collected from five different
altitudes were quantified for the presence of various phytochemicals. On comparing the peel and pulp of red fruits, it was observed that
secondary metabolites varied significantly among the different altitudes due to their genetic adaptation to native environments. However,
among different altitudes, increase in metabolite content was observed both in the peel and pulp of red fruits collected from Dhera ki Gali. On
comparing variation within peel and pulp for metabolite content, it was observed that peel has higher secondary metabolites as compared to
pulp in fruits collected from all the five altitudes since peel is more exposed to environmental stress factors. Fruit extracts from Dhera ki Gali,
which is located at high altitude, showed high secondary metabolites as compared to extracts from fruits collected from low altitudes due to
enhanced UV-B radiations and low temperature present there, thus causing more accumulation of metabolites. Thus, fruit peel and pulp waste
being rich in bioactive compounds, could be used as a natural resources for food industry.
Key words: Wild pomegranate, secondary metabolites, altitude.
GNRSA-2020/588
Lawsonia inermis FOR MANAGEMENT OF Oligonychus coffeae, (TETRANYCHIDAE: ACARINA) AND ITS EFFECT ON
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF TEA LEAVES
RITUSHREE MAHANTA1* AND SURAJIT KALITA2

1Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013, Assam
2 Directorate of Research (Agri), Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013
The study on bioefficacy of Lawsonia inermis against Oligonychus coffeae attacking tea was conducted at Department of Entomology,
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during 2018-20 revealed a dose and time-dependent mortality. L. inermis leaf water extract at 10.00%
concentration was reported to cause as high as 80.00% adult mortality after 72 hours of treatment with a LC 50 value of 2.085%. The leaf
water extract of L. inermis also found to cause 14.85% egg mortality at 10.00% concentration as against 93.25% in the control. The study on
possible changes in biochemical properties of tea leaves on application of Lawsonia inermis leaf water extract at LC50 values to control O.
coffeae revealed an increase in reducing sugar content of 26.487 mg/100g as against 5.487 mg/100g in control. Similarly, the carotenoid
content was found increased to 0.772 mg/g of tissue on application of water extracts of L. inermis as against 0.403 mg/g in control. In
contrast, polyphenol content and photosynthetic pigments viz. chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents were found decreased upon
application of water extracts of L. inermis under laboratory condition.
Keywords: Lawsonia inermis, Oligonychus coffeae, ovicidal activity.
GNRSA-2020/589
EFFECTS OF PANCHGAVYA AND JEEVAMRUTH ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO PLANTS
(SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) AND SOIL HEALTH
ROBIN RIJAL 1, PRIYANKA MAITY 1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411
2Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411
This review paper is based on the effects of Panchgavya and Jeevamruth on growth and development of plants as well as for the management
of diseases and insect pests. Both organic supplements are ancient formulated organic solutions, prepared from the products that are obtained
from desi cow. In Southern Asia, organic farming was well developed from ancient ‘Vedic’ period. In Sanskrit, Panchgavya depicts the blend
of five different products, obtained from cow. Whereas, Jeevamrit is also prepared from cow’s dung and urine, but other ingredients are differ
from Panchgavya. Both organic supplements act as liquid manures that have been intensively used in organic farming. Both Panchgavya and
Jeevamruth contain beneficial microorganisms, growth hormones, essential macro and micronutrients, crucial for the physiological growth
and development of plants. Panchgavya and Jeevamruth are rich in quality properties, which are excellent source of organic carbon, biomass,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and lot of other micronutrients that are essential for the metabolic activity of plants. In spite of this, either
supplement are used in organic agriculture to enhance the soil fertility, soil productivity, organic carbon and microbial activity in soil that
assists to improve the soil health. These bio-stimulants are also used for treatment of seeds to protect from various seed borne diseases and
insect pests, which improves the better germination of seeds and seedlings vigor. Thus, the application of either organic input have potential
for the sustainable crop production system, that assist to boost in food production and provides nutritional security for human as well as save
the soil health and environment. However, combine application of both liquid manures will give enhance results for both crops and soil.
Keywords: Panchgavya, Jeevamrit, hormones, microorganisms, plant nutrients, manures etc.
GNRSA-2020/590
AGROFORESTRY EDUCATION IN INDIA: STATUS, SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE
ROHIT KUMAR1, KAMLESH VERMA2
1Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior, (M.P.)
2ICAR Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, (Haryana)
India is possibly the world leader in improvement of agroforestry education, training and research. The Indian Council of Agr icultural
Research sanctioned an All-India Coordinated Research Project on agroforestry in 1983, to be headquartered in New Delhi but with
research centers in 20 other locations countrywide. The agriculture and forestry universities in India have a major role to p lay, with all
institutions having agroforestry teaching programs by 2020. At this point there is a great lack of faculty trained in agroforestry. Demand for
qualified graduates with this training is only going to increase. Sustainable agriculture should engage the successful management of
resources for agriculture to satisfy changing human being needs, while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and
conserving natural resources. The rapid depletion of forest resources and agricultural sustainability two major global concerns could be
impacted significantly through agroforestry practices. Widespread application of agroforestry concepts and techniques offers great potential
for helping to alleviate critical shortages of fuel wood and contributing to sustainable farming systems. There is a vital need to broaden the
knowledge base of the subject of agroforestry in order to provide a more substantive basis for effective teaching and training programs. In a
typical university organization, it is fairly easy to see how interdisciplinary research teams can be brought together to work on agroforestry
projects. But how do we structure the education and training programs.
Keywords: Agroforestry Education, Agroforestry research, Forestry training and programs.
GNRSA-2020/591
NANOTECHNOLOGY- A SCOPE FOR INCREASING AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
RONDLA ANITHA, GOTTEMUKKULA BHAVANI, SYED SHAKIR ALI, RAJENDRA KUMAR V, SURESH KUMAR K AND
MASTHANAIAH A
SMS (Home Science), SMS (Agril.Extension), Senior Scientist and Head (Entomology) SMS (Plant Protection), SMS (Horticulture) and
SMS (Agril. Engineer)
YFA-KVK, Madanapuram, Wanaparthy district
Agriculture is considered as the backbone for every developing countries like India, with more than 60% of the population dependent on it for
their livelihood. At the same times there are many challenges facing in the agriculture sector such as climate change, non-reasonable use of
resources and immense use of chemical fertilizer which degrade the nutrients in the soil. Plant requires nutrition from soil as well as it is
crucial for agriculture production and crop quality, and about 40% to 60% of the total world food production depends on the application of
reasonable amount of fertilizers that should not have adverse effect on soil and plant health. Nanotechnology provide a great scope of novel
applications in the plant nutrition fields to achieve the future request of the rising population. As nano particles have exclusive
physicochemical characters which includes high surface area, high reactivity, and tunable pore size besides, nanotechnology has the potential
to reducing adverse problems of agricultural practices on environment and human health, improving food security and productivity. The
mechanisms of Nanotechnology is that it works with the smallest possible particles which increase hopes for improving agricultural
productivity by reducing the limitation in Agri production. Future research directions have been identified to promote the research into
sustainable development of nano-enabled agriculture.
Keyword: Nanotechnology, Nano scale, Agriculture production, Tunable pore size and physicochemical characters.
GNRSA-2020/592
RESIDUAL EFFECT OF SEGREGATED AND UNSEGREGATED URBAN SOLID WASTE COMPOST ON NUTRIENT
STATUS IN POST-HARVEST SOIL OF VIGNA UNGUICULATA
ROOHI
Regional Research Station, CCS Haryana agricultural University, Karnal, Haryana
The total amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated by India is around 68.8 mt year -1 which is expected to be reached 160.5 mt year -
1
by 2041. MSW consists of 51 per cent organics, 17.5 per cent recyclables (paper, plastic, metal, and glass) and 31 per cent of inert material.
The Municipal solid waste composting is the ecofriendly approach for enhancing the decomposition and stabilization of biodegradable
components of bio-waste from MSW. Keeping this in mind, a pot experiment was conducted during 2015-2016, at Department of Soil
Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka) to investigate the residual effect of
Segregated and Unsegregated Urban Solid Waste Compost on nutrient status in post-harvest soil of Vigna unguiculata. The experiment was
laid out under Randomized complete block design with three replications using Eleusine coracana as main crop and Vigna unguiculata as
residual crop. The experimental soil was acidic in nature (pH -5.96), with available N, P 2 O 5 and K2O around 194.12, 35.36 and 87.6 (kg ha -
1
), respectively. After the harvest of main crop, the soil analysis revealed that the application of 100 per cent NPK + segregated compost (T 5)
recorded highest available N (91.46mg kg -1), P2O5(5.44 mg kg-1) and K2O (57.19 mg kg-1) which was found on par with T6 (100 % NPK +
unsegregated compost). After Vigna unguiculata, the highest available N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O recorded was 74.67 mg kg-1, 3.63 mg kg-1 and
47.60 mg kg-1, respectively, in treatment T5. While, least available N, P2O5 and K2Orecorded was52.26, 2.20 and 38.40mg kg -1, respectively
in T4 (FYM @ 10 t ha-1) after the harvest of cowpea. The results indicated that segregation of urban solid waste and composting could
improve the soil fertility status.
Keywords: residual, segregated and unsegregated urban solid waste compost, cowpea.
GNRSA-2020/593
MANAGEMENT OF PINK BOLLWORM PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA (SAUNDERS) USING MATING DISRUPTION
PHEROMONE (PB ROPE L) IN COTTON
ROOP SINGH MEENAa*, PARDEEP KUMARa, BHARAT LAL MEENAb AND BHAGWAN SINGH MEENAa
a- Agricultural Research Station, Sriganganagar-335001, SKRAU, Bikaner (Rajasthan) India
b-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sawai Madhopur- 322001, AU, Kota (Rajasthan) India
The efficacy of mating disruption pheromone (PB Rope L) was evaluated against pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)to
monitoring pheromone traps catches as well as by sampling of bolls to record larval population and damage levels in cotton fields during
Kharif 2016 and 2017, in north zone of India. This experiment was conducted in large plot in 10.0 ha and 4.0 ha area reserved as control.The
main field T1 and T2 divided into two subplots T1A and T1B, T2C and T2D of equal size. In each of the subplots, six quadrates approximately
10x10 meter in the center at equal distance were marked. The treated fields were compared with control fields, three to four insecticides
sprays in T1A and T1B, whereas 6 spray in T2C and 9 sprays were applied in T2D. The dispensers reduced pink bollworm catches in
pheromone trap and reduced larval population and crop damage. Results showed that moth catches were highly suppressed in the treated
fields by installation of the dispensers @ 685 PB Rope L at 50 days after crop sowing. Damage percentage was significantly reduced in
treated fields as compared to control fields; Significant difference was observed in average seed cotton yield/ha. This study recommends the
use of single application of pheromone dispenser at 50 days after crop sowing. These Rope were sufficient to maintain the moth catches and
percent green boll infestation at the lowest level as compared to untreated field.
Keywords: Cotton, PB Rope L, Pink bollworm, Mating disruption.
GNRSA-2020/594
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN F2 GENERATION OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L. )
RUCHI ASATI, P. PERRAJU AND RAKESH KUMAR YADAV
Rice is the premier stable food among the Indian population. Therefore, a better insight to the association of yield with its component traits is
helpful in improving the paddy yield. In present study, the estimates of heritability, coefficient of variability, genetic advance were computed
in F2 segregating population of 9 crosses and its 9 parents for 11 characters including yield and contributing traits during kharif 2019. The
analysis of variance was recorded that huge amount of variability is present between parents and their parents for all the traits. The PCV is
greater than GCV revealing the little influence on the environment for most of the traits. The estimates of PCV and GCV were high for
biological yield per plant followed by panicles per plant, panicle weight for both progenies and parent indicated the presence of high genetic
variability for the traits which may facilitate selection. In the F 2 population, observed high heritability with high genetic gain over per cent
mean for biological yield per plant and harvest index. High heritability coupled with low genetic gain over per cent mean was observed for
grain yield per plant and 100 grain weight while, moderate heritability coupled with moderate genetic gain over per cent mean panicles per
plant and moderate heritability coupled with low genetic gain over per cent mean was observed for grains per panicle, fertility %, days to 50
% flowering, panicle weight, panicle length and plant height. In parental population, obtained high heritability coupled with high genetic gain
over per cent mean for grain yield per plant followed by grains per panicle and panicles per plant. High heritability coupled with moderate
genetic gain over per cent mean was observed for plant height and biological yield per plant. High heritability and low genetic gain over per
cent mean were obtained for days to 50 % flowering and fertility % while, low heritability and low genetic gain over per cent mean were
obtained for panicle length, panicle weight, 100 grain weight and harvest index.Its forces to conclude that these characters are governed by
additive action.
GNRSA-2020/595
EFFECT OF A2 MILK ON HUMAN HEALTH
RUCHI VERMA*, NEELESH CHAUHAN, PUJA, DEEPALI MUGDAL

Milk is known as a nutritious food because it is considered as a good source of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and other various
minerals, which are essential for sustaining and maintaining a healthy life.The protein component in milk is made up of up to 80% casein and
about 39% of the protein in milk is beta-casein, it transports essential minerals and nutrients such as calcium and phosphorous. Milk has
several types of casein and beta casein is the second most common type casein in cow’s milk. Beta-casein comes in 13 different forms. There
are two genetic variants of beta-casein (i.e.) a1 and a2. A2 beta-casein is protein found in milk produced by 'old-fashioned' cows like the
Jersey, Charolais, Guernsey, and Limousin, sahiwal and Gir. The consumption of A2 milk is safe for Lactose Intolerant People, A2 milk
doesn’t cause the same inflammatory response in those who are lactose intolerant. When we consume pure A2 milk, we can relish its benefits
without any gastrointestinal discomforts. A2 milk is an excellent source of calcium that helps in building strong bones in both, children and
adults. By regular consumption, it ensure healthy bones for a lifetime. It has many nutrients like Vitamin A, D, and B12. It also contains
phosphorous, potassium, and riboflavin.A2 milk with increase in awareness of health and food quality, A2 milk is gaining popularity
worldwide, and its demand is on the rise in Indian market as well. Pure A2 type milk and milk products can provide better health benefits to
consumers and also increase income of livestock farmers
Keywords: A2 Milk, Protein,Casein, Beta-casein, Lactose.
GNRSA-2020/596
EVALUATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GAMMA IRRADIATED POTATO STARCH
RUCHI VERMA*, KHALID BASHIR1, NEELESH CHAUHAN

1Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida
Gamma irradiation is a non-thermal method of preservation. It has been extensively studied to extend the shelf-life of perishable foods and
food products. It is the process of exposing foodstuffs to ionizing radiation. Potato starch is a very refined starch, containing minimal protein
or fat. This gives the powder a clear white color and the cooked starch typical characteristics of neutral taste, good clarity, high binding
strength, long texture and a minimal tendency to foaming or yellowing of the solution. Starch, containing minimal protein or fat. Potato with
starch as a major component, are sometimes subjected to gamma-irradiation to achieve diverse purpose, such as controlling pests, inhibition
of sprouting, and altering macronutrient bioavailability. Gamma-irradiation generates diverse free radicals in starch based systems. These free
radicals can interact with starch and water, resulting in altered dextrin products due to radiolysis. Starches is isolated from potato
(SOLANUM tuberosum var Kufri Bahar) were subject to different doses of irradiation at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy and un-irradiated starch
was taken as control. This treatment is used to preserve food, reduce the risk of food borne illness, prevent the spread of invasive pests, and
delay or eliminate sprouting or ripening. Potato starch is extensively used as thickener or as a gelling agent in a variety of food products.
Potato starch contains typical large oval spherical granules.
Keywords: Gamma Irradiation, Potato, Potato starch, Free radical.
GNRSA-2020/597
INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION: A MEANS OF BREAKING GENETIC PLATEAU OF CROP YIELD AND APHID
RESISTANCE IN MUSTARD
RUKHSAR1, AKARSH PARIHAR1, MOHAMMED SHAHANAWAZ2, NEETU SONI3 AND SUSHIL KUMAR1
1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 110, India
2Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
3Department of Botany, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
Brassicas interspecific hybrids are ideal organisms for elucidating genomic homoeology, and they are essential as bridges and breeding
materials for breaking genetic yield plateau. Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) is a key pest and a limiting factor in realization of
full yield potential of oilseed Brassica crops. Therefore, to identify the high heterotic crosses and their relationship in terms of general and
specific combining ability (GCA & SCA) for yield and associated traits, a 8 x 8 half diallel analysis was carried out according to Griffing
Method II in Brassicas interspecific derived lines at AAU, Anand. Highly significant differences among parents and hybrids were detected
for all the traits except protein content. Interspecific cross derived parents DHM-17-15 and DHM-17-11 were found superior among eight
parents for seed yield and for many of the yield attributing and quality characters viz oil and protein content. Among the hybrids, DHM-17-24
x DHM-17-39 reported highest seed yield per plant. The heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were observed to highest with respect to seed
yield per plant in case of cross DHM-17-11 x DHM-17-24, while cross DHM-17-14 x DHM-17-48 and DHM-17-3 x DHM-17-15 exhibited
maximum standard heterosis for oil and protein content, respectively. Crosses DHM-17-24 x DHM-17-39, DHM-17-11 x DHM-17-24 and
DHM-17-3 x DHM-17-11 recorded higher SCA effect along with higher estimates of various heterotic effects. Among parents, DHM-17-24
and DHM-17-11 were found to be good general combiners for high seed yield per plant, more primary branches per plant, more siliquae per
plant and lowest average aphid index. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to use these parental interspecific lines in the hybridization
programme for seed yield and oil quality improvement of Indian mustard. Thus, distant hybridization can be helpful to overcome the genetic
bottlenecks improving productivity gains.
Keywords: Brassicas .Interspecific lines.Heterosis .Combining ability.Mustard aphid.
GNRSA-2020/598
ANALYSING EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SILICON ON SOIL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY, UPTAKE
AND DISEASE AND PEST INCIDENCE ON KHARIF ONION (Allium cepa L.)
RUPALI V. BHANGARE1 AND SHARAD S. SHINDE2

1Research Scholar, Department of Plant Physiology, Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Agril.Sciences, Varanasi-221005(U.P.) India.
2Department of Soil Science & Agril. Chemistry, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri- 413722, Maharashtra, India.
The field experiment entitled “Effect of soil and foliar application of silicon on soil nutrient availability, uptake, yield and quality of kharif
onion” was conducted during Kharif 2016 – 2017 at Post Graduate Institute research farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri with a
view to study the effect of levels of silicon on nutrients and silicon uptake, growth, yield, disease and pest incidence of kharif onion. The
present investigation was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD), fourteen treatments combinations comprised of soil application of
three levels of calcium silicate (50, 100 and 150 kg Si ha-1) and three concentration of silicic acid 1, 2, and 3 ppm through foliar spray. Two
treatments absolute control and GRDF were taken for comparison having 0 kg Si ha -1. The total yield of bulbs and straw yield of onion were
recorded. Application of Si level in treatment T14 recorded significantly highest available N content in soil (178.75 kg ha -1), P (23.25kg ha-1),
K (223.25 kg ha-1) and Si (87.35 kg ha-1) in soil. The available Fe content in soil was significantly increased (4.47 mg kg -1), Mn (8.43 mg kg-
1
), Zn (0.70 mg kg-1) and Cu (1.72 mg kg-1) in treatment T14.The total nutrient uptake viz. N, P, K and Si was significantly increased T 14, the
total N uptake was significantly increased (124.80 kg ha -1), total P uptake (30.50 kg ha-1), total K uptake (106.10 kg ha-1) and total Si uptake
(9.25 kg ha-1). The Pests and disease incidence was significantly minimised due to application of silicon. The treatment T 14, showed
minimum pest incidence thrips (1.65 %) and disease incidence leaf blight (83.50 %).
Key words: Growth, Yield, Allium cepa L., Nutrient uptake, Availability, Silicon dioxide, etc.
GNRSA-2020/599
EFFECT OF UREA MOLASSES MINERAL BLOCK ON MILK PRODUCTION IN GRADED MURRAH BUFFALO IN
KHANDWA DISTRICT OF MADHYA PRADESH
RUPESH JAIN1, JITENDRA RAJPUT1 AND GAURAV JAIN3

1LPM KVK Datia RVSKVV Gwalior
2SHIATS Nainy Allahabad
Low milk yield, poor reproductive performance and low growth rate have been reported in buffaloes of Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh.
Till now very few attempts have been made to evaluate the impact of UMMB supplementation under rural management practices especially
in Nimar zone of Madhya Pradesh. Hence a On Farm Trial (OFT) was conducted to see the effect of urea molasses mineral block on milk
yield and reproductive performance of dairy buffalo in Khandwa district of MP. Experiment was conducted on twenty lactating buffaloes
identified from 10 villages of Khandwa district. Trial was conducted for a period of three month. The urea molasses mineral block used for
the purpose was prepared by Krishi Vigyan Kendra Khandwa by using urea (10%), molasses (38%), wheat bran (38%), mineral mixture
(2.0%), common salt (2.0%) and cement (10%). Twenty animals were selected randomly having 1 st or 2nd no of parity and 1st or 2nd month of
lactation in 10 farmer’s house. Animal were divided in two group i.e. control group (T1) and treatment group (T2). Each group having 10
animal. Selected animal were given 4 kg UMMB block to lick over a time period of three month. After treatment the Average milk
production was increased by 9.3 % i.e. 7.9 liter in T1 to 8.7 liter in T2. Net return of farmer was increased from Rs. 142.7 per animal per day
(T1) to Rs. 160.30 per animal per day (T2).B:C Ratio was also improved from 1.8 (in T1) to 1.9 in (T2).
Keywords: UMMB, OFT, B: C ratio.
GNRSA-2020/600
ACCELERATED WEATHERING IN SOIL DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
1MAMTA, 2RAJENDRA BAIRWA, 3DEVI LAL DHAKER

1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR- IARI, Pusa, New Delhi
2Department of Soil Science, DRPCAU, PG College of Agriculture, Pusa, Bihar
3Department of Agronomy, SKNAU, College of Agriculture, Jobner, Rajasthan
Interest in soil-mineral weathering has increased over recent years because of the possible effects of climate change on soil properties,
environmental quality and food security. The weathering process that has operated naturally over billions of years might be harnessed to
mitigate global climate change, accelerated by applying crushed fast weathering silicate rock to the land. Accelerated weathering of the rocks
and minerals in soils will be promoted by higher atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (>400 ppm) and temperature (which increase the extent and
rates of weathering), intensive rainfall (which facilitates the removal of reaction products either by surface runoff or percolating water), and
heat waves and extended periods of drought (which promote physical alteration of rocks and minerals). Like natural weathering, accelerated
weathering involves the dissolution of Ca- and Mg-bearing silicate minerals and the subsequent release into the aqueous phase, where they
may react with dissolved CO2 in the form of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonate (CO32-) ions, to form carbonate minerals such as calcite
(CaCO3), magnesite (MgCO3), and dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]. Weathering and subsequent precipitation of Ca- and Mg-bearing carbonates are
the main processes that contribute to CO2 gas removal from the atmosphere found that application of basalt increasing negative charge,
reduce nutrient loss, alleviate Al and Mn toxicities, increasing pH and release most of the essential nutrient in highly weathered soil which
significantly improved cocoa growth. Use of olivine instead of lime to increase the pH of agricultural soils would also prevent the emission of
lime-derived CO2 and sequestered 3.13 t CO2 ha-1. Accelerated silicate weathering counteracts ocean acidification and increased the
concentration of dissolved Si and Ni.
Keywords: Weathering, Climate, Carbon dioxide, Rainfall, Mineral.
GNRSA-2020/601
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE FOR BLENDED MARMALADE OF MANDARIN AND LIME
1
RUTUJA N. DESHMUKH, 2ADITYA U. RAUT
1
M.Sc. (Fruit Science) Student, Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Dr. PDKV, Akola 444 104 (MH) India.
2
M.Sc. (Vegetable Science) Student, Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Dr. PDKV, Akola 444 104 (MH) India
Marmalade is the product which is prepared from citrus fruits, where the peel of fruit is being suspended, which is having nutritional
importance as it is rich source of ascorbic acid and other minerals. Marmalade made from single citrus fruits are quite popular among the
consumers however, these are made from some specific fruits only. Other citrus fruits are not being used solely for preparation of marmalade
due to their specific taste like lime. Blending of two different citrus fruits for preparation of marmalade can be a good opportunity for
improving the nutritional quality of a value-added product by providing the basic nutrients of various fruits in a single product, hence giving
better quality in respect to nutritional as well as sensorial aspect. Thus, keeping this objective in mind, the present investigation was done for
finding the response of consumers towards the blended marmalade and standardizing the proportion the mandarin and lime fruits were used in
different proportions for marmalade preparation and evaluated organoleptically. Among the blended marmalade the combination of 40%
mandarin and 5% lime was most acceptable.
GNRSA-2020/602
FT-IR, FT-RAMAN SPECTRA AND QUANTUM MECHANICAL APPROACH: A TOOL OF MOLECULAR AND
VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CYTOSINE AND URACIL
S. P. SINGH1, P. S. SONI2, MALCOLEAPALAFOX3ANDVKRASTOGI4
1
Department of Physics, Dr B R Ambedkar Govt Degree College, Mainpuri (UP)-205001, India
2
Physics Department, Institute of Basic Science, Khandari, Agra-282005, India
3
Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid-28040, Spain
4
Indian Spectroscopy Society, KC-68,1, Old Kavinagar, Ghaziabad-201 002, India
A quantum mechanical approach to study the vibrational spectroscopy in various ways for characterization and assignment of all bands of
FT-Raman and IR spectra, as a powerful tool in the justification of tautomers present in gas as well as solid state form through their
spectra and for the simulation of the solid and liquid form of a compound and consequent simulation and interpretation of the ir spectra [1-
10]. The present research carried out the applicability of Quantum Mechanical approaches [4-6], the structure and spectra of cutosine and
uracil nucleic acid bases and two cytosine derivatives are shown. The FT-IR ans FT-Raman spectra were analysed the support of ab-initio
and DFT (B3LYP, PBE, B-P, MP2, etc) methods using various bases sets and several scaling equations. The calculations predict the
tautomerization of cytosine than uracil molecule, but the tautomerization is hindered in the 5-bromocytosine molecule. Thus, in the solid
phase, this molecule only exists in the amino-oxo tautomeric form [8-10].
Keywords: FT-IR, FT- Raman spectroscopy, DFT, tautomerization, Cytosine, Uracil, Nucleic acid base.
GNRSA-2020/603
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE FUNGICIDES, BOTANICALS AND BIOAGENTS AGAINST COLLETOTRICHUM
TRUNCATUM CAUSING ANTHRACNOSE OF SOYBEAN
S. B SABLE1, K. C. KURHADE AND KHAIRE P. B.
Department of Plant Pathology, PGI, MPKV, Rahuri-413722 (M.H.) India.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) is one of the world’s most important oil seed cum legume crop. The present research work was conducted
at Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Dhule during 2017-2018. The test pathogen was isolated from infected leaves and pods
(blighted) of soybean on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The colonies of the fungus developed on PDA were creamy to blackish-grey,
with thin mat of mycelium. Potato dextrose agar (PDA), the common laboratory culture medium was used as basal medium for isolation,
multiplication and maintenance of the pure culture of C. truncatum. Seeds of JS-335 variety of soybean were obtained from the Agriculture
College, Dhule for conducting the pathogenicity test. The isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and Psuedomonas flurescence bioagents and
Botanicals such as Neem (10 %) and Eucalyptus (10 %) obtained from the MPKV,Rahuri. The result of in-vitro revealed that treatments of
bioagents and botanicals Pseudomonas fluorescens (89.11%), Trichoderma harzianum (88.00%) and Neem (84.72%), which were recorded
mean colony diameter of 9.80 mm, 10.80 mm and 13.75 mm and Eucalyptus (55.22 %) showed least growth inhibition of the test pathogen
with mean colony diameter of 22.25 mm, 30.25 mm and 40.30 mm, respectively.
Keywords: Soybean, anthracnose, Trichoderma harzianum. Carbendazim, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Eucalyptus.
GNRSA-2020/604
SIGNIFICANCE OF HYDROGEL IN DRYLAND AGRICULTURE
S. B. SINGH*, AMIT KUMAR SINGH
Assistant Professor, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology-210001, Banda, Uttar Pradesh
Bundelkhand region falls under hot climatic zone and further characterized by low and scanty rainfall, prolonged dry spell during cropping
season, narrow length of growing season, uneven distribution with respect to time and space, undulated topography and high temperature.
However, water is essential to all life - human, animal and vegetation and it is therefore important that adequate supplies of water be
developed to sustain such life. Development of water supplies should, however, be undertaken in such a way as to preserve the hydrological
balance and the biological functions of all ecosystems. The application of innovative technologies and the improvement of indigenous ones
should therefore include management/ conservation of the water sources to ensure overall sustainability.For increasing agriculture
production, there is need to develop a unique technologylike soil conditioner material with new methods and lower rates of application, so
that, required target of production could be achieved, particularly from dryland agriculture. Hydrogel is basically a water absorbing polymers,
which are classified as cross-linked, absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with water molecules. Agricultural hydrogels are
referred to as water retention granules because they swell to many times their original size when they come in contact with water.Hydrogel
possesses various qualities, viz. increase water holding capacity, increase water use efficiency, enhance soil permeability and infiltration rate,
reduce irrigation frequency, reduce compaction tendency, stop soil erosion, farm run-off & surface leaching, Increase plant performance, and
particularly in structure-less soils stressed with drought condition.
Keywords: Dryland, Bundelkhand, Hydrogel.
GNRSA-2020/605
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT INTERCROPS IN DRYLAND FRUIT CROPS UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF NORTH
MAHARASHTRA
S.D. PATIL1, S.A. RANPISE2 AND B.B. DHAKARE3
Department of Horticulture,College of Agriculture (M.P.K.V, Rahuri), Dhule 424 004 (M.S.) India
Aonla and Ber fruit crops are boon to the dryland and arid region. In view to assess the efficacy of various inter cropping in aonla and ber
under rainfed production system research was conducted at Dhule district of Maharashtra State. Present experiment was laid out in
randomized block design with six replications having five treatments. The said experiment was conducted as on station and on farm trial on
the farmers' field at Deobhane village and College of Agriculture, Dhule. The orchards selected were in juvenile as well as in productive
stage. Aonla and ber was planted at the distance of 7 x 7 m and 6 x 6 m respectively. In Aonla and Ber fruit crops, intercrops viz. Cowpea and
Seasamum during Kharif and Gram and Mustard in Rabi were cultivated along with control (without any inter crop). The rainfall during these
years was below 750 mm. The cultivation practices for inter crops were same as per recommendations except irrigation, as these crops were
totally taken as rainfed crops. In case of long dry spells and late monsoons years inter crops were either resown or sown late. However,
overall performance of inter crops in aonla and ber was satisfactory throughout experiment period. When inter crops were grown in aonla and
ber, the additional income from these inter crops was found to be ranged from Rs.5,111/- to 9,150/- ha-1 in Aonla and Rs.5,695/- to 14,954/-
ha-1 in Ber as base crop. On the basis of cost analysis, cowpea was found beneficial as inter crop both in Aonla and Ber with additional
income of Rs. 9150/- in Aonla and Rs. 14,954/- in Ber as compare with other inter crops and control under rainfed conditions in order to
achieve the goal of livelihood security under climate resilience.
GNRSA-2020/606
RESPONSE OF PRUNNING AND APPLICATION OF MICRONUTRIENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET PEPPER
(CAPSICUM ANNUUM)
S. D. PATIL, V. N. SHINDE, M. B. MAHER
Department of Horticulture, COA Parbhni, VNMKV, Parbhani -431 402 (M. S.), India
Present investigation conducted at Department of Horticulture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during the year
2019-2020 on sweet pepper cv. Raja. The experiment was laid out on well established shadenet with Factorial Randomized Block Design
having two factor the Factor A consisted six levels of micronutrients viz. M1 chelated Zn 0.2%, M2 chelated Fe 0.2%, M3 chelated Bo 0.1%,
M4 chelated Cu 0.1%, M5 chelated Mn 0.2%. M6 chelated Mix 0.2% and Factor B consisted two levels of pruning viz. P 1 pruning 20 DAT. P2
pruning 30 DAT. Foliar applications of micronutrients were sprayed at two times, first spraying was done at 20 days after transplanting and
second spraying was done at 30 days after transplanting. It was ensure that plant was sprayed in all directions. Pruning was done manually in
all direction after counting number of branches per plant. The observation were recorded on growth parameter, fruit parameter, yield and
quality parameter. With respect to foliar application of micronutrient chelated zinc M 1 0.2% recorded significantly highest leaf area, fruit
weight, fruit set percentage, diameter, length, plant height, ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml). Among the different pruning, treatment P2 i.e. pruning
at 30 days after transplanting recorded significantly maximum fruit set, fruit weight, fruit diameter, yield per plant, ascorbic acid (mg / 100
ml). However minimum values were found in treatment P 1 i.e. pruning at 20 days after transplanting. The treatment combination M1P2
(Chelated Zinc 0.2% + Pruning at 30 days after transplanting ) recorded significantly highest plant height, leaf area, maximum weight, fruit
set, number of flower, chlorophyll content, number of fruit. Similarly, fruit chemical parameters i.e ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml) were found
better into M1P1 (Chelated Zinc 0.2 %+ Pruning at 20 days after transplanting).
GNRSA-2020/607
APPROACHES TO REDUCE JUVENILITY OF FRUIT CROPS
S. M. CHOUDHARY, S. S. KULKARNI, A. M. MUSMADE, S. P. PAWASKAR, AND RAJENDER KUMAR
Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri- 413 722
Juvenility is defined as the extended period of post-germination, vegetative development in which flowering is repressed even under
favourable environmental conditions. The length of the juvenile phase for tree fruit crops extend from at least three years (peach) to 15 or
more years (Avocado). In nature, juvenility ensures that flowering is not initiated before the plant has reached the photosynthetic capacity to
produce fruit and viable seed, or that resources are not diverted to flowering before a plant has reached a competitive size in its environment.
However, this natural safeguard can be subverted by breeders, who are able to maintain plants under optimal growth conditions, and often
need only to obtain pollen to advance to the next generation. Approaches to reduce juvenility of fruit crops are cultural (Use of dwarfing
rootstocks, Soil solarisation, Girdling), chemical and biotechnological tools. Reducing juvenility is benefit for early fruit production, reaching
profitable orchard early and rapid breeding cycle. As the long juvenility period in fruit crops became barrier to both producer and breeder to
evolve new improved varieties there is urge to adapt these approaches. All the approaches are able to meet standard tree characters with
respect to yield and quality of produce. There is gap to make these technologies reach to the growers and make them adopt these methods
thereby they can reduce non profitable orchard period which reduces the orchard budget and can fetch the economic yield in shorter period.
GNRSA-2020/608
EFFECT OF AGE OF ROOTSTOCK ON SOFTWOOD GRAFTING IN CHAMPACA (MICHELIA CHAMPACA Linn.) cv.
SOUNDARYA
S. R. BHAGWAT, N.V.DALVI, B.R.SALVI, R.G. KHANDEKAR AND V.G. MORE

Dr. PDKV, Akola
Champaca (Michelia champaca Linn.) is a famous fragrant flowering plant. Now days there is peak demand for planting material in nursery
hence it is necessary to standardize softwood grafting technique for maximum survival of champaca grafts. In this view the present
investigation entitled “Effect of age of rootstock on softwood grafting in champaca (Michelia champaca Linn.) cv. Soundarya was conducted
at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2017-2018. The experiment was conducted
in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Experiment consisted age of rootstock with five treatments and four replications. The sprouting
parameters like days required for sprouting, sprouting percentage, survival percentage and the growth parameters such as number of leaves,
length of leaf, leaf area, length of new sprout and girth of new sprout was significantly influenced by age of rootstock. the result indicated
that highest sprouting percentage (98.00 %), number of leaves (12.50), length of leaf (17.07 cm), leaf area (88.06 cm2), length of new sprout
(9.44 cm) and girth of new sprout (2.68 mm) was observed in treatment T 1 i.e. grafting on 4 month old rootstock. While minimum days
required for sprouting (13.05 days) were seen in treatment T 3 i.e. grafting on 8 month old rootstock and maximum survival percentage (70.50
%) were found in treatment T2 i.e. grafting on 6 month old rootstock. All observations were recorded at the end of 90 days after grafting
except days required for sprouting and percent sprouting. From the present investigation it can be concluded that, age of rootstock had
significant effect on softwood grafting in champaca. Rootstock of four to six months age old has shown promising results for maximum
survival of champaca grafts through softwood grafting method under konkan agroclimatic conditions of Maharashtra.
Keywords:Champaca, Softwood grafting, Age of rootstock
GNRSA-2020/609
INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN WHEAT UNDER ZERO-TILL CONDITION AFTER RICE
S. S. YADAV* AND S. B. SINGH1

P.G.College, Ghazipur, UP 233001
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology-210001, Banda, Uttar Pradesh
An experiment was conducted in rabi season during 2003-04 and 2004-05 at research farm, C.S.A.U.A.&T., Kanpur to study the effect of
integrated weed management in zero tilled wheat grown after rice. Treatments include different doses of metribuzin, sulfosulfuron,
isoproturon, isoguard plus, pendimethalin, hand weeding and unweeded control. Among weed control treatments, hand weeding twice i.e. 30
and 45 DAS recorded the significant higher weed control efficiency and was followed by metribuzin @ 175 g a.i./ha before first irrigation
and proved superior over other treatments. Nutrient depletion by weeds was minimum under hand weeding twice followed by metribuzin
175g a.i. /ha before first irrigation. Mean grain yield was significantly maximum (32.95 q/ha) with two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS. It
was followed by metribuzin 175 g a.i. /ha before first irrigation and sulfosulfuron 25g/ha after first irrigation with respective grain yields of
30.70 and 29.75 q/ha.Highest net return of Rs. 17105 /ha with 2.21 B:C ratio was obtained under metribuzin 175g/ha followed by two hand
weedings at 30 and 45 DAS with Rs. 17061/ha net return and 2.03 B:C ratio which was at par with each other. The treatment of unweeded
control could earn minimum of Rs. 6258/ha net return with 1.46 B:C ratio on mean basis over years. Significant economical differences were
observed in among the weed control treatments over unweeded control.Results showed that herbicide metribuzin @ 175 g a.i. /ha before first
irrigation or sulfosulfuron @ 25g /ha after first irrigation may be the better alternative of hand weeding in wheat grown under zero- till
condition after rice.
Keywords: IWM, Wheat, Zero-till condition.
GNRSA-2020/610
ADVANCEMENT OF SVR TECHNOLOGIES IN PRECISION FARMING: AN IMPERATIVE TOOL FOR CROP
PRODUCTIVITY ASSURANCE
S. C. KARAD1, *A.K. CHAITANYA2, SUJAYASREE O.J.3
1
SRF (IC), NAHEP, CAAST - DFSRDA, VNMKV, Parbhani, Maharashtra.
2
Post Graduate Student, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Punjab.
3
Research Scholar, Department of Postharvest Technology & Agricultural Engineering, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
Sensors Vision-based Robotics (SVR) mechanism designed to subdue the hard work of farmers by incrementing rate and accuracy of the field
operation work. Some of the primary functions in the field operation requires hard work like plowing, sowing of seeds, and masking the seeds
with soil. SVR autonomous mechanism gives strength to picking tasks associated with Field Operations (FO). Revolution in agriculture is
happening due to advances in sensor development, Agriculture robotics, Machine vision associated data processing, and Decision Support
system (DSS). For an efficient and effective crop production cycle this SVR is in need of an hour. All repetitive, tedious, and costly (FO)
tasks would be done in precise time with the help of SVR. Sensory Vision-based Robotics (SVR) based disparate applications in agriculture
called Precision Agriculture (PA). In this paper systematic review of literature about SVR applications in PA has been made. This paper digs
deep into phenotyping and other multipurpose applications. Paper discusses multiple applications in terms of a variety of crops and types of
sensors used. Sensors are useful in agriculture robot applications such as phenotyping, irrigation, spraying, Ploughing, seeding, harrowing,
soil sampling, harvesting, disease detection, spraying, and fertilization.
Keywords: Digital Farming (DF), Sensors Vision-based Robotics (SVR), Field Operations (FO) and Precision Agriculture (PA)
GNRSA-2020/611
INFLUENCE OF LAWN TO ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN
S.M. KAWADE*, N.S. GUPTA, M.S. DESHMUKH, N.G. RATHOD
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Lawn is the green carpet for a landscape. Egypt, China and Persia have features of prototypes of lawn since 13 th century. It is a basic feature
for home ground development and an essential feature for any other type of garden. Lawn have an aesthetic, functional and recreational
benefits.Aesthetically a lawn is the source of charm and pride and reduces tension of the mind after a hard work, the lawn provides a perfect
setting for a flower bed, a shrubbery or a specimen tree or a shrub. Besides the material value a lawn has its spiritual value too. Lawn
contributes to social harmony and improved productivity.Functionally it Prevent soil erosion and dust stabilization. Important function of
lawn is soil improvement through organic matter additions derived from the turnover of roots and other plant tissues that are synthesized in
part from atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis followed by groundwater recharge and improves surface water quality. Heat dissipation,
reduces light reflection, control air pollution, reduces animal nuisance. Itreduces noxious pests, allergy-related pollens and human disease
exposure.Recreationallyturfs provide a low-cost, safe recreational surface. Many outdoor sports and recreational activities utilize turf grasses
including golf, baseball, cricket, horse racing etc. Lawn provide a unique, low-cost cushioning effect that reduces injuries to the participants
when compared with poorly or non-turfed soils.For the future, the breeding of turf grasses with improved tolerance to nitrogen stress should
be emphasized.
Key words: Lawn, Environment, Human
GNRSA-2020/612
NANOTECHNOLOGY- OPTION FOR SUSTAINABLE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
SADHANA KUMARI
Department of Agronomy, Institute of agricultural sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Green revolution era has increased food production in India but simultaneously also increases the consumption of synthetic fertilizers. To
meet the shortage of N, P and K in the soil urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and single superphosphate (SSP) are used.Almost 29% use
of urea increased after green evolution.But due to excessive use of this chemical fertilizers specially, urea is responsible for 80% of the
increase in atmospheric N2O which contributes to global warming. Also, the availability of micronutrient like iron, zinc and molybdenum
affected with heavy use of macronutrient fertilizers and following new farming practices. However, it is estimated that about 40–70% of
nitrogen, 80–90% of phosphorus, and 50–70% of potassium of the applied fertilizers is lost to the environment through runoff, volatilisation
and can’t be absorbed by plant. Fertilizers coated innanomaterials likepolymeric chitosan and nanofertilizerscan solve this problem. Due to
higher surface tension ofnanoparticles, they have potential to slow release of fertilizer as it hold material more strongly than conventional
surfaces. The adsorbents like zeolite, halloysite,montmorillonite and bentonite nanoclays were used to develop nitrogenfertilizers with
controlled release characteristics.Nanocoatingprovide surface protection for larger particles and biofertilizer from storage
desiccation.Nanofertilizers have four classes: (1) macronutrient nanofertilizers, (2) micronutrient nanofertilizers, (3) nanomaterial-enhanced
fertilizers and (4) plant growthstimulating nanomaterials. Nanofertilizer facilitate absorption of nutrients by theplants from soil and also
prevent the microbes infection to plant. Foliar spray of micronutrient nanoparticles like iron-oxide nanoparticle, manganese nanoparticle,
zinc-oxide nanoparticles enhances the growth of crops.
Keywords: nanoclays, nanocoating, nanofertilizer, run-off
GNRSA-2020/613
PANCHAGAVYA - A KEY ITK APPROACH FOR ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION- A REVIEW
SAFAL RAI1* AND RAM KRISHNA SARKAR2

1
Ph.D. Research Scholar, 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari,
Cooch Behar, West Bengal-736165
India is blessed with diverse agro-ecological zones in which we can find different tribal ethnic groups performing different indigenous
traditional farming system since long time contributing to modern agriculture as ITKs. Indigenous Technical Knowledge is an actual
knowledge of a given population that reflects the experiences based on local tradition and includes more recent experiences with modern
technologies. Green revolution has led us to the dependency of agricultural and horticultural production including vegetable production on
synthetic based chemical fertilizers as a result of which disturbances on the ecological cycle and human health is of major concern. In order to
overcome such alarm without disturbing the production demand, organic farming is a need of an hour for which use of panchagavya an ITK
based approach for healthy vegetable production is considered an one of the effective tool. Panchagavya is an organic product that has the
potential to play a key role in promoting growth and providing immunity to the plant system thereby increasing qualitative yield. Production
of organic based vegetables is a need of an hour which not only helps in maintaining ecological sustainability but also fulfils the healthy food
demands of growing population. Various research with respect to use of panchagavya for healthy vegetable production has been done till
date. The present paper focuses on compilation of the review based on use of panchagavya on organic vegetable production for healthy and
sustainable production.
GNRSA-2020/614
UTILIZATION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND BIO-ORGANICS ON THE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY
PARAMETERS OF OKRA
SAFIUDDIN, SARTAJ A. TIYAGI, ROSE RIZVI, IRSHAD MAHMOOD AND HARI RAGHU KUMAR
Plant Pathology and Nematology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
A field experiment was established at experimental research station of Aligarh Muslim University during three consecutive seasons of 2014-
2017 to determine the nutritional effects of bio-industrial waste such as neem seed cake and bio-organics like Azotobacter chroococcum and
Glomus fasciculatum individually as well as concomitantly along with different recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen on the growth and
productivity parameters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in relation to physic-chemical as well as biological properties of soi. Highest
enhancement was observed in growth as well as yiled attributes such as length of plants fresh and dry weight, percent pollen fertility, fruit
weights/plant, number of total fruits/plant and primary branches, chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid content when these bioinoculants were
added concomitantly in different combinations as compared to untreated control plants which seems to be due to the presence of growth
promoting substances in organics alongwith 100% recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen significantly influenced the physic-chemical
properties in terms of bulk density, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity and organic carbon as well as microbial population of soil.
Agronomic parameters such as plant nitrogen, phosphate and potash and available soil nitrogen, phosphate and potash also found increased
significantly in concomitant inoculation of neem seed cake and bio-organics alongwith different recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen
Azotobacter chroococcum was found effective than Glomus fasciculatum when inoculated individually. This investigation explained that soil
amendment of organic matter like neem seed cake and bioinoclants in soil seem to be rich source of micro- and macronutrients and
subsequently sustain the food production in organic nature in this country without altering the existing fauna and flora in soil ecosystem. This
method of organic farming can be used as an eco-friendly and economically alternates to various agro-chemical fertilizers.
Key words: neem seed cake, Azotobacter chroococcum, Glomus fasciculatum, plant growth, okra.
GNRSA-2020/615
IMPORTANCE AND SCOPE OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING
SAGAR TYAGI & SAURABHTYAGI
Bharati Vidhyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra
Department of Agriculture, Shobhit University, Meerut
Agricultural marketing comprising of all activities involved in supply of farm inputs to the farmers and movement of agricultural products
from the farms to the consumers. The agricultural marketing system includes two major sub-system viz. product marketing and input
marketing. The product marketing sub-system includes farmers, village/primary traders, wholesalers, processors, importer’s exporters,
marketing cooperatives, regulated marketing committees and retailers. The input sub-system includes input manufacturers, distributors,
related associations, importers, exporters and others who make available various farm production inputs to farmers. The agricultural
marketing system is understood and developed as a link between the farm and non-farm sectors. A dynamic and growing agriculture sector
requires fertilizers, pesticides, farm equipments, machinery, diesel, electricity, packing material and repair services which are produced and
supplied by the industry and non-farm enterprises. Agriculture fulfils the basic need of human kind by producing food. About a century ago,
farmer used to produce food commodities mostly for self-consumption or for exchange with others (cash or kind) mostly in the same village
or nearby places. They were primarily self-reliant. But now production environment has changed considerably from self- reliance to
commercialization. Technological advancement in the form of high yielding varieties, use of fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, farm
mechanization has led to a substantial increase in farm production and consequently the larger marketable and marketed surplus. The
improved production is accompanied by the increasing urbanization, income, changing life style & food habits of the consumers and
increasing linkages with the overseas market.
Keywords: Marketable, Enterprises, Mechanization.
GNRSA-2020/616
GENOME WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY FOR SPOT BLOTCH DISEASE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)
SAHADEV SINGH, SHAILENDRA SINGH GAURAV AND PUSHPENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS University, Meerut-25004, Uttar Pradesh.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emThell) is one of the most staple food crops. That is cultivated worldwide for the purpose to supply food for
humans and feed to the animals. The objective of this study is to the genome-wide association analysis to dissect genomic regions in wheat
germplasm harboring spot blotch disease resistance loci.This studyusedan association mapping panel having 303 diverse genotypes in the
form of spring wheat reference set (SWRS) of common wheat procured from CIMMYT gene bank, Mexico. A set of 12,160 SNP genotypic
data was subjected to this study and these SNPs were used for PCA/population structure analysis followed by GWAS analysis. A limited
number of SNPs (42 SNPs considering one SNP from each arm of all chromosomes) was used for population structure analysis.Model-based
cluster analysis of association mapping panel was conducted using the software STRUCTURE version 2.3.4. The number of sub-populations
determined by ΔK method and comprised four subpopulations viz. G1, G2 G3 and G4. The four sub-populations included 31 (G1, red), 49
(G2, green), 50 (G3, blue) and 173 (G4; admixture, more than one color in a single block) genotypes, respectively.Principalcomponent
analysis (PCA) explained total 15.52% variation for first three PCs;out of these first, second and third principal components (PCs) explained
7.8%, 4.53%, and 3.19% variation respectively within all 303 genotypes. GWAS results revealed that the total 77 MTAswere identified from
BHU, Varanasi; out of which, 45 were identified by SUPER and 32 identified by FarmCPU, as well as 70 MTAs were identified from BISA
farm, Pusa, Samastipur; out of which, 39 were identified by SUPER and 31 identified by FarmCPU. The above MTAs were selectedat the
significant level of p≤0.001for all phenotypic traits viz., AUDPC, incubation period and lesion number. This study provides information
about the genomic regions in this association panel that are associated with also spot blotch disease resistance.
Keywords: Wheat, Spot Blotch, GWAS.
GNRSA-2020/617
POLLINATION BIOLOGY AND BREEDING SYSTEM IN VITEX NEGUNDO (LAMIACEAE), AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL
PLANT
SAJID KHAN* AND SUSHEEL VERMA
Conservation and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri-
185234 J&K (India)
Vitex negundo (Lamiaceae) is highly medicinal plant distributed over tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia, Africa and Australia. In
present investigation, study on pollination biology and breeding system was carried out. Structurally the flower and functionally the
reproductive apparatus shows entomophilous characteristics. Major regular insect pollinator belongs to the family Apideae, with Bombus
trifaciates, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata and Adrena flaviceps are the most significant pollinator of the species. Availability of pollinator fauna
leads to the variable pollen load at beginning, peak and ending season to 49.3, 74.3 and 43.38 respectively. Total Pollen was counted to be
1452 ± 312.17 and Pollen-Ovule ratio was observed to be 363:1. Flowers are herkogamous, homogamous self-compatible and promote
xenogamy with narrow chance of spontaneous selfing in breeding system.
Keywords:Vitex negundo, Pollination, Breeding system
GNRSA-2020/618
IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES OF RESISTANCE OF PEA AGAINST POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE
SAKSHI PANDEY, MANISH KUMAR MAURYA, STUTI PANDEY, SUYASH SAGAR AND SUBHASH CHANDRA
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP) 224229
Powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe pisi which affect both quantity and quality of pea. Use of resistant variety is the most
economical and ecofriendly approach to manage the disease. A field trial was conducted during 2019-20 to identify the sources of resistance
of pea against powdery mildew disease under natural field condition. One hundred genotypes were screened against powdery mildew disease.
Out of 100 germplasm, Highly resistance (21 germplasm), Resistant (16 germplasm), Moderately resistant (36 germplasm), Moderately
susceptible (26 germplasm), Susceptible (1), Highly susceptible (0). A total of twenty one germplasm found highly resistant viz. FP 18-80, FP
18-91, FP 18-94, FP 18-98, FP 18-99, FP 18-100, FP 18-103, FP 18-104, FP 18-109, FP 18-111, FP 18-115, FP 18-117, FP 18-121, FP 18-
124, FP 18-139, FP 18-141, FP 18-143, FP 18-144, FP 18-148, FP 18-149, FP 18-157.
GNRSA-2020/619
RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELLING USING HEC-HMS MODEL
SALIL SAHU
Dept of Soil and Water Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P)
The Runoff computation from ungauged or poorly gauged catchments is a serious challenge in developing countries like India where higher
operation and maintenance cost differed gauging on small and medium rivers. In such condition it is necessary to transform rainfall to
generate the runoff by developing relationship between rainfall and runoff by using suitable rainfall runoff model. In the present study HEC-
HMS model was used to set a Rainfall-Runoff model for the Shipra river basin at Ujjain G/d site. HEC-HMS uses separate mathematical
models to represent each component of the runoff process, like models to compute runoff volume, models to compute direct runoff and base
flow. In the present study, for direct runoff estimation (loss model) - SCS-CN model, for runoff volume - SCS Unit hydrograph model and for
routing - lag model was used. For depression losses - simple surface method was considered. Firstly, a lumped model was taken for
simulation, but due to absence of proper result, the watershed was divided into three sub-basins. The sub-basins and basin characteristic were
concluded using Arc-Hydro and HEC- GEOHMS Tool in ArcGIS® 9.3. The basin model file created in ArcGIS® 9.3 was imported in HEC-
HMS. The reference evapotranspiration for the basin was estimated using CROPWAT 8.0. The estimated parameters were optimized during
the optimization trail to get the best fit between the observed and simulated hydrograph. Then optimization trials in HEC-HMS was
conducted to generate a calibrated model. the Rainfall Runoff data from 2000 to 2003 was used for calibration. The model performance of the
calibrated HEC-HMS model for Shipra River basin was evaluated using the statistics - Nash Sutcliffe- model efficiency criterion, coefficient
of determination, mean absolute error and root mean square error. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (E) was 0.72, the coefficient of
determination was 0.85, the mean absolute error was 53.9 ( m3/s) and root mean square error was 14.4 ( m3/s) was found after calibration. The
results indicate good performance of the model. The calibrated model was validated using the remaining rainfall and runoff data from 2004 to
2006, during the validation also the model shows the acceptable results. It shows the value of Nash Sutcliffe as 0.69, coefficient of
determination as 0.88. mean absolute error as 63.9 ( m3/s), Root mean square error as 13.9 ( m3/s). These all values show the good performance
of the model.
GNRSA-2020/620
STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR DRYING OF CURRY (MURRAYA KOENIGII) AND ITS EFFECT
ON NUTRITIONAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SALVE RV, SONTAKKE MD, KADAM ML AND KELAPURE NN
College of Food Technology, VNMKV, Parbhani, MH
In the present investigation, drying of curry leaves with sun, shade and cabinet oven was performed by varied conditions i.e. 30-350C, 27-
320C and 600C respectively. Results reported that the drying yield of dried curry leaves was varied significantly from among the drying
methods and reported to be 43.50 %, 44.20 % and 41.90 % in respective drying methods. The shade drying method showed significantly
higher value (44.20) as compared to other drying methods.The effect of drying on nutritional and phytochemical composition of fresh and
dried curry leaves was studied and the shade dried powder (TC2) have Moisture (4.85%), fat (5.10%), protein (10.38%), carbohydrate
(55.87%), crude fibre (12.95%) and ash (10.85) as well as total alkaloids (9.74 g/100g), total flavonoids (8.12 g/100g), total phenol
(0.99mg/g) and β-Carotene (1.50g/100g) was found superior quality than sun and cabinet oven drying.
Keywords: Drying, Sun, Shade, cabinet, nutritional and phytochemical compound.
GNRSA-2020/621
CONSERVATION OF OUR BIOLOGICAL HERITAGE: FORESTS AND WILDLIFE
SAMEENA LONE, K. HUSSAIN, AJAZ MALIK, GAZALA NAZIR, MAJID RASHID AND SYED MAZAHIR HUSSAIN
Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar (Srinagar) 190025
In current scenario conservation and protection of forests and wildlife is a great challenge. It requires collaborative global efforts for success
in modern changing world. Habitat conservation is the key solution to biodiversity conservation. Conservation of forests and wildlife is a
continual process that requires a well-designed strategies and approaches that fulfill the desired goal, with a scope to include new ideas within
a given framework. Lots of practices and efforts had been done to encourage forestation and discourage deforestation, as forests form a major
factor of environmental conservation and have an appreciable effect on the climate. They offer protection to wide array of animals. They may
also have beneficial influences on mankind, both direct and indirect. It is a natural asset of great value, which is renewable and the most self-
generating of all ecosystems. Similarly, our country is endowed with a particularly rich biological heritage; which is a great natural wealth.
But today our wildlife wealth is poorer than ever. Our wildlife is our greatest heritage and if once destroyed, wildlife can never be restored.
Therefore, by banning pet trades, over-shooting as well as hunting of wild animals, wildlife can be conserved to some extent. Human beings
can co-exist only with the abundance and diversity of nature. Human beings are just one small part of this voluminous and vibrant mosaic yet
they inflict increasing pressure and pain on species and the environment. As a result, many plants and animals are at risk and under threat of
extinction. They deserve our role for their conservation.
Keywords: Conservation, wildlife wealth, Diversity, Extinction.
GNRSA-2020/622
AGROFORESTRY FOR LIVELIHOOD SECURITY IN RURAL AREA U.P.
SANDEEP CHAURASIA*, HEMANT KUMAR AND YOGESH KUMAR AGARWAL
College of forestry, SHUATS Prayagraj (U.P.)
Agroforestry is a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resources management system that, through the integration of trees on farms and in the
agricultural landscape, diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic and environmental benefits for land users at all
levels. In Agroforestry systems, trees or shrubs and their products are intentionally used within agricultural systems, livestock, or forests.
Rural areas are facing major challenges today which arise mainly from globalisation, demographic change and the rural migration of young,
well-trained people. A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets, and activities required for a means of living. It is said to be sustainable
when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain without undermining the natural resource base. Plantings of single
or multiple rows of trees or shrubs that redirect or modify the wind and are established for one or more environmental purposes. A
windbreak’s major function is to mitigate wind speed. Reduce energy costs, screen unsightly areas, improve irrigation use, increase crop
yields, shelter livestock,protect plants, provide wildlife habitat. Diversify farm enterprise, reduce erosion, improve water quality, protect
crops, improve utilization of nutrients, enhance wildlife habitat, improve aesthetics store carbon, improved plant vigor, lower animal stress,
reduced wildfire risk, improved wildlife habitat, improve economic value of existing forests. Home gardens also support a variety of animal’s
viz., cow, buffalo, bullock, goat, pigs, and sheep boundary and around fish-ponds. Tree leaves are used as forage for fish.
Keywords: Agroforestry, Rural area, Livelihood, Economic value, etc.
GNRSA-2020/623
FARMER PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS: LEADING FARMERS TOWARDS THE GROWTH
SANDEEP KAUR 1 AND V.L.V.KAMESWARI2
1
Research Scholar, 2Professor, Department of Agricultural Communication, College of Agriculture, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand.
Major share of Indian Agriculture is covered by small and marginal farmer. 85 per cent of agriculture holdings are less than two hectares. In
order to develop the situation of rural areas Farmer producing organizations plays a crucial role. The world has been seeking better ways of
growing the agricultural sector, and in the process realized that farmer organizations could play a central role in driving the intended growth.
The intervention and role of farmer producer organizations has been acknowledged as crucial for upliftment of agrarian community who are
facing various challenges such as decreased land holdings, globalization, unpredictable weather conditions, less value realization of agro
produce, lack of information, poor communication linkages with the wider markets and consequent exploitation by intermediaries. FPOs is to
collectivize small farmers for backward linkage for inputs like seeds, fertilizers, credit, insurance, knowledge and extension services; and
forward linkages such as collective marketing, processing, and market-led agriculture production. FPOs are perceived to empower farmers
through collective bargaining along with instilling an entrepreneurial quality to farming, which otherwise is an issue of subsistence alone,
particularly for the small and marginal farmers. FPOs provide set of services which include Financial, Business and Welfare services. Indian
government has been promoting Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) through various schemes. Collectivization of producers, especially
small and marginal farmers, into producer organisations has emerged as one of the most effective pathways to address the many challenges of
agriculture but most importantly, improved access to investments, technology and inputs and markets.
Keywords: Agriculture, small and marginal farmers, Farmer producer organizations.
GNRSA-2020/624
FOLIAR ZINC APPLICATION ON WHEAT YIELD AND QUALITY
SANDEEP KAUSHIK, BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL, SANJIB BAL SAMANT, VIJAI PANDURANGAM
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, INDIA.
Around half of the world's population globally suffers from micronutrient malnutrition due to low quality food intake. Fortification and
biofortification techniques are also used to resolve this problem. Due to the simple management of nutrient deficiencies present in daily food,
biofortification is considered a better choice than fortification. Wheat, as well as its nutritious value, is an essential cereal crop used in food
and fodder worldwide. For plant development, micronutrients are a critical factor. As a metal portion of enzymes or as a functional, structural
or regulatory co-factor of a large number of enzymes, zinc is well known to have an important role. In addition, Zn has an effect on some
plant life processes, such as nitrogen uptake and metabolism, synthesis of photosynthesis, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, functioning
of pollen, and fertilization. Wheat reacts during its increasing stages to the application of micronutrients and results in increased production in
terms of yield. The application of foliar Zn is an effective practice for increasing both productivity and grain Zn content up to three or four
times, and the application of foliar Zn has a positive significant impact on the yield of wheat grain and its components, as well as grain
quality.
Keywords: wheat, nutrient, zinc
GNRSA-2020/625
SOURCES OF RESISTANCE AND CORRELATE THE MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS OF PROMINENT
WHEAT VARIETIES WITH DISEASE SEVERITY DUE TO SPOT BLOTCH DISEASE
SANDEEP KUMAR1, S.P. SINGH, SHIVAM SINGH, DIBYA, PALLAVI SINGH AND SHEFALI CHAUDHARY 1
Department of Plant Pathology, 1C.C.S. P.G. College Padmapur Pandavnagar, Basti (U.P.)
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229 (U.P.) India.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belongs to family Poaceae. Wheat is the world’s most widely cultivated as food crop. India is one of the
principal wheat producing and consuming countries in the world. Its importance in Indian agriculture is second after rice. In India, wheat is
grown over 29.72 million ha area with production of wheat 98.61 million tonnes and average productivity was 33.18 q/ha. Out of two
hundred nine genotypes screened under artificial disease pressure, five genotypes were found resistant namely NEIR-109, NEIR-110, NEIR-
111, NEIR-113 and HS-645, one hundred seventeen genotypes were found moderately resistant, sixty eight genotypes were found moderately
susceptible and nineteen genotypes were susceptible. The AUDPC calculated for 209 wheat genotypes on the basis of plant disease intensity
varied from 168.0 to1022.0 first year and 168.0 to 899.5 second year showing the fast progress of disease in all genotypes. It was observed
that different wheat genotypes expressed varied types of disease response against Bipolaris sorokiniana under artificial epiphytotic conditions
in field. The plant growth habit varied among the 11varieties, nine varieties were semi-erect (NW-2036, NW-1014, NW-5054, HD-2967,
DBW-14, DBW-107, Raj-4015, A-9-30-1, Sonalika) and two varieties were droop (Kha-65, Agra local) growth habit types. Maximum plant
height of 104.76 cm and 103.76 cm was noted in variety Kha-65 and minimum plant height of 74.40 cm and 73.04 cm was recorded in
variety DBW-107 during both the years of study respectively. Maximum flag leaf length of 34.42 cm and 33.12 cm was observed in variety
NW- 5054 and minimum flag leaf length of 25.04 cm and 24.12 cm was recorded in variety A-9-30-1 during 2017-18 and 2018-19
respectively. Among the all varieties, were grouped into long flag leaf length types. Correlation study of morphological diagnostic characters
with disease severity was done and it was noted that plant height, ear length and awn length exhibited positive and non-significant correlation
of disease severity. While, negative and non-significant correlation of disease severity was recorded with flag leaf length and flag leaf width.
The minimum percent disease intensity was found in variety HD-2967 (28.08 and 28.93%) and maximum found in variety Raj-4015(67.36
and 68.12%) during both the years of study respectively.
GNRSA-2020/626
AUTOMATED DRIP IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
SANDEEP KUMAR PANDEY1, P. K MISHRA1, VINOD KUMAR1, M. P. TRIPATHI2 AND PANKAJ SHARMA3
1
Assistant Professor, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P
2
Assistant Professor, Eternal University Baru Sahib Himachal Pradesh
3
Research Scholar, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, Punjab
As serious food insecurity persists in many parts of the world, improving productivity in agriculture in a sustainable manner is today a
realistic target. Farming plays an important role in food production and economic development in India and the world as a whole. Getting
high yield from farm produce depend on land fertility, soil moisture and different climatic factors like temperature, humidity, evaporation and
wind speed etc. Automated drip irrigation is an effective method of irrigation technique that can be primarily used to apply water and
fertilizer into the plant. It enables water to drop little by little to the root of plants through tubing or valves pipe. In this study aims at about an
automatic irrigation, fertigation control and management system for the improvement of productivity of for the crops growth and
development. In this system the water saving 90 percent and fertilizer saving 50 percent. This will metabolize the soil texture, give the
nutrient to the crops, build plant tissue as well as increase the rate of crop productivity.
Keywords: Sensor, wireless controller, tensiometer, irrigation and fertigation
GNRSA-2020/627
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES AND BIO-AGENT AGAINST SPOT BLOTCH OF WHEAT DISEASE CAUSED BY
BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANAIN VITRO AND IN VIVO
SANDEEP KUMAR1, S.P. SINGH, SHIVAM SINGH, DIBYA, PALLAVI SINGH AND SHEFALI CHAUDHARY 1
Department of Plant Pathology, 1C.C.S. P.G. College Padmapur Pandavnagar, Basti (U.P.)
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229 (U.P.) India.
The present investigation on wheat was conducted during the Rabi season 2017-18 and 2018-19 with the objective to study management for
spot blotch of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana has emerged an important disease of wheat in India and causing considerable yield
losses.Spot blotch of wheat disease management in vivo indicates that minimum percent disease intensity of 17.06 and 16.32% was associated
with seed treatment(Trichoderma viride @ 4 gm/kg seed + 2 foliar sprays of Propiconazole @ 0.1 %) and maximum percent disease intensity
(PDI) of 76.57 and 78.36% was recorded under untreated control during 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. Maximum thousand seed weight
was found in T12 (41.05 and 41.63g) followed by T11 (40.86 and 41.12g), T8 (40.12 and 40.55g), T7 (39.43 and 39.83g) and T9 (39.02 and
39.62g), T10 (38.39 and 39.23g), T6 (38.33 and 38.81g), T5 (38.11 and 38.35g) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. While minimum
thousand seed weight was recorded in T13 (36.21 and 36.03g) during both the years of study respectively.Maximum yield was found in T 12
(37.25 and 37.35 q/ha) followed by T 11 (37.14 and 37.26 q/ha), T8 (37.04 and37.16 q/ha), T7 (36.68 and 36.82 q/ha)and T9 (36.46 and 36.66
q/ha). Least grain yield q/ha recorded under T 13 (31.92 and 31.78 q/ha) control plot during both years of the study respectively. The radial
growth was varied from Propiconazole (0.00mm) to T. viride (15.66 to 18.86mm) and check was (38.00 to 85.00mm) at 48 to 120 hrs of
incubation period in vitro. Maximum percent inhibition of mycelial growth varied from Propiconazole (100.00) to T. viride (58.78% to
77.81%) at 48 to 120 hrs of incubation period.
GNRSA-2020/628
IMPACT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RADISH (RAPHANUS SATIVUS
L.)
SANDEEP KUMAR, PAVITRA DEV AND HIMANSHU KUMAR
Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Campus, Meerut (U.P).
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important kitchen garden and cash crop, being grown widely all over the country. It is a popular vegetable
in India as well as in the world due to its short growing time with higher productivity. Biofertilizers and organic manures are eco-friendly and
low cost agricultural inputs playing a significant role in improving nutrient availability. A field experiment was conducted to examine the
impact of organic manures and biofertilizers on the vegetative and yield behaviour of radish during 2016-17 at the Horticultural Research
Farm, Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Campus, Meerut (U.P). The experimental field was laid out in
randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The experiment comprised of nine treatments consisting of different organic manures
and biofertilizers. All variables parameters regarding vegetative and yield behaviour were significantly influenced by organic manures and
biofertilizers. Results indicated that combined application of organic manure and biofertilizer i.e. Vermicompost @ 2.5 tonnes/ha +
Azotobacter @ 2.5 kg/ha (T8) gave the better effect on vegetative and yield parameters viz., plant height (33.88 cm), number of leaves per
plant (26.21), leaf width (10.70 cm), root length (23.33 cm), root diameter (4.88 cm), root weight (179.52 g) and yield (394.94 q/ha) as
compared to other treatments.
GNRSA-2020/629
TOMATO GRAFTING: A METHOD FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION
SANDEEP SINGH, ⃰, RAWAL, VINAY AND KUMAR, RAVINDER
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125004), India
Grafting of vegetable seedlings is an inimitable horticultural technology practiced forprolonged period of time in India to over whelmed
issues accompanying with intensive cultivation leveraging restricted arable land. This technology was acquainted by European countries in
the late 20th century along with improved grafting methods suitable for commercial production of grafted vegetable seedlings. Tomato
grafting is emerging as a well- developed practice worldwide with many horticultural recompenses. The principal impetus for grafting tomato
has been wart the damage caused by soil borne pathogens under intensive production system. However, recent investigations adduced that
grafting on to suitable root stocks canal so assuage the adverse impacts of abiotic stress such as salinity, water, temperature and heavy metals
besides enhancing the efficiency of water and nutrient use of tomato plants. This review stretches an outline of the scientific literatures on the
various aspects of tomato grafting including important steps of grafting, grafting methods, scion-rootstock interaction, and rootstock-derived
changes in vegetative growth, fruit yield, and quality in grafted plants under different growing conditions. This
reviewalsoclimaxestheeconomicsignificanceofgraftedtomatocultivationandoffers discussion on the future thrust and technical issues that need
to be addressed for the effective adoption of grafting.
Keywords: Grafting, scion and rootstock.
GNRSA-2020/630
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
(HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
1
SANDHYA SREE, G., 2MEENA, H.P., 3ROJA, V., 4VISHNUVARDHAN REDDY, A., 1RAMESH, D. AND 5MOHAN VAMSI, D.
1
Agricultural College, Bapatla, 2ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 3Advanced Post Graduate Centre,
Lam, Guntur, 4Acharya N.G. Agricultural University, Lam, Guntur and 5College of Agriculture, Rewa, Jabalpur.
The production of good quality edible oil is very important for balancing the demand and supply for both domestic as well as industrial
purposes, which is possible only through the development of high yielding sunflower hybrids. So, for developing such hybrids knowledge on
combining ability and nature of gene action are important for commercial exploitation of heterosis. Keeping in view of the objectives the
present investigation was carried out at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif, 2019 where
crossing programme was carried out in line x tester fashion by utilising five lines and 10 testers for synthesizing 50 F 1 hybrids which were
evaluated for different economically important traits during rabi, 2019-2020. The analysis of variance for combining ability estimated a
significant amount of variability for all the traits. The line, ARM-243A, recorded the highest significant and positive gca effect for 100 seed
weight, volume weight and seed yield and among testers, PM-81 recorded significant positive gca effect for seed yield and RHA-6D1 for oil
content. The sca effects revealed that the cross, CMS-234A x PM-81 recorded highest significant positive sca effect for seed yield, whereas
the cross, CMS-335A x RGP-50-P1-S4 exhibited sca effects in desired direction for oil content. The estimates of variance due to sca was
greater than gca for all the traits indicating predominance of non-additive gene action governing the inheritance of the traits revealed that the
traits can be improved by exploitation of heterosis breeding. Hence, all the three types of heterosis was estimated and the studies revealed that
the crosses, CMS-234A x PM-81 and ARM-243A x PM-81 recorded the highest significant standard heterosis over the checks for seed yield.
The cross, CMS-335A x RGP-50-P1-S4 recorded highest significant average heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for oil content.
The genotypes which were superior for most of the yield and oil content related traits could be further evaluated across locations and over
seasons before they are being exploited commercially.
Keywords: Combining ability, GCA, Heterosis, SCA, Sunflower
GNRSA-2020/631
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA L.) VARIETIES
SANIKOMMU VENKATA SIRISHA*, UMESHA, C.
Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj- 211007, U.P., India.
A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season 2019 at Central Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Allahabad,
(U.P.). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.4), low in organic carbon (0.281%),
available N (219 kg/ ha), available P (11.6 kg/ ha) and available K (217.2 kg /ha). The present investigation was laid out in Randomized
Block Design (RBD) which are replicated thrice and the treatments consisted of Nine treatments and three components of Varieties and
Phosphorus levels viz. whose effect is observed on Cowpea. The results showed that growth parameters viz., maximum emergence (97.67%)
was recorded in Kashi Gauri + 100% RDP, maximum plant height (53.81 cm) was noticed in Sadabahar + 100% RDP (50 kg/ha), maximum
number of branches/plant (5.60), number of leaves (81.00), leaf area (5036.31 cm 2), leaf area index (16.79 m2), plant dry weight/plant
(17.23 g/plant), number of nodules/plant (56.11), number of pods/plant (6.40), length of pod/plant (22.20 cm), number of grains/pod (13.07),
test weight (13.64 g), Grain yield (1308.23 kg/ha) . However, Emergence (97.67%), Stover yield (6666.67kg/ha) and harvest index (24.76%)
were found to be non-significant. Maximum gross returns (₹ 109992 /ha), net returns (₹ 66613.45 /ha) and B: C ratio (1.54) were recorded in
treatment Gomti + 100% RDP (50 kg/ha). Therefore Gomti + 100% RDP was most productive as well as economic.
Keywords: Cowpea, Varieties, Phosphorus, Growth and yield.
GNRSA-2020/632
MICROWAVE HEATING: EFFECT ON MOISTURE ABSORPTION DURING SOAKING OF PADDY AT DIFFERENT
EXPOSURE TIME AND POWER LEVELS
SANJANA PANDEY
Dept. of Post-Harvest Process & Food Engineering, CAE, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P.
Rice (Oryzasativa) is the staple food of half of the world population. But it is necessary to reduce the losses in the post-harvest processing of
rice for completing its demand. To reduce these losses, there is a very important process of parboiling which is done before the rice milling,
parboiling of paddy is also known as pre milling treatment of paddy. The effect of microwave heating on hot soaking of paddy was studied.
The cleaned paddy of moisture content 13.6 (% db) was weighed and 28 samples of 250 g each were prepared. To attain a moisture content
up to 47 (% db), the paddy samples were soaked and heated in MW oven of 800 W at various power time combinations to give a total heat to
each sample in range of 48-120 KJ. The moisture absorption by paddy increased with the increase in energy supply for heating at various
power levels. At lower power levels of 320 W and time combination of 375 seconds the moisture absorption (47%) was better for supplying
the same heat energy (120 KJ) as compared to other power levels.
GNRSA-2020/633
ACOUSTIC AND AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF STORAGE INSECTS IN GRAIN
SANJANA PANDEY
Harmful insects or pests, particularly in agricultural products cause considerable losses annually. The presence of live insects in many
commercial grains is prohibited. Manual inspection, sieving, cracking-floatation and Berlese funnels are being used at present to detect
insects in grain handling facilities. These methods are not efficient and are time consuming. Audio identification of insects using their ability
to produce sound as a means of communication or as a result of their walking or feeding activities can be used as a means of pest detection, as
long as the audio signal generated from a certain insect follows a unique acoustic pattern and compatible with certain species
Leblanc et al., 2011 developed an acoustic based insect detection probe. The data delivered was compared to insects recovered and the device
was found to give more than 90% efficient detection. Mankinet al., 2010 investigated the crawling and scraping activity of 5 common storage
insects using Infrared sensors, Microphones and piezoelectric sensors. It was found that the signals were statistically different produced by
the insects which were used for their identification. Eliopoulos et al., 2016 estimated the population density of insects’ pests inside the stored
pests using a piezoelectric sensor and portable acoustic amplifier. Adults and larval stages and their combination were used at various
densities and sound counts/minutes were recorded. The linear model was found to best fit the aforesaid parameters. The developed system
performed accurately with 68 % success probability. Bangaet al., 2019developed an acoustic probe and detected crawling and feeding sounds
of two common bettles in pulses (C. chinensis and C. maculatus). Captured sound were prescreened and amplified. The sounds produced in
all the four combination of beetles and two grams (chickpea and Green gram) were found to be statically different. The differences between
the frequencies characteristics of sound produced at different stages provide the possibility of identifying the life stages of the pest, pest
distance to the sensor and approximate location of the pest. The outputs of the acoustical detection device can be used for decision support
about insect risk for the quality manager.
GNRSA-2020/634
STUDY OF SOME OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS IN MICROWAVE HEATING FOR PARBOILING OF PADDY
1
SANJANA PANDEY AND2C. M. ABROAL
Dept. of Post Harvest Process & Food Engineering, CAE, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P.
Rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food of half of the world population. But it is necessary to reduce the losses in the post harvest processing of
rice for completing its demand. To reduce these losses, there is a very important process of parboiling which is done before the rice milling,
parboiling of paddy is also known as pre milling treatment of paddy. For the effect of MW heating on moisture absorption during hot soaking
of paddy for parboiling, at lower power levels of 320 W the moisture absorption (47%) was better for supplying the same heat energy (120
KJ) as compared to other power levels. The higher moisture level (47%) attained in time 375 secof lower power (320 W)facilitated the
gelatinization of the starch which resulted in hardening of rice, ultimately provided better head rice yield. Using CRD statistical design we
analyzed the moisture absorption in paddy during hot soaking of paddy in MW oven. The maximum moisture was attained at lower power
level (320 W), maximum exposure time (375 sec) and energy level (120 KJ). This combination also resulted in maximum HRY (%)
(66.08%).
Keywords: Parboiled, Moisture Content, Microwave etc.
GNRSA-2020/635
JALKUND A LOW COST RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE IN EAST GARO HILLS OF MEGHALAYA
SANJARAMBAM NIRUPAMA CHANU* AND BRIJENDRA SINGH
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya-794111, Under Central Agicultural University, Imphal, India
Water is one of the most precious natural resource essential for all life forms and for sustaining the ecosystems. In East Garo Hills district,
70% rainfall is received during rainy season and almost all the rainwater is lost as surface runoff due to undulating hilly terrain. The farmers
in the district suffer from extreme water scarcity during November to March. In this regard, rain water harvesting and efficient utilization
holds promise for sustainable livelihood. Jalkund, a low cost rainwater harvesting structure is a very suitable technology for the farmers for
agricultural and allied activities. Three numbers of front line demonstrations (FLD) on Jalkund was conducted at different villages in East
Garo Hills district, Meghalaya. The size of Jalkund made is of 5 m x 4 m x 1.5 m and plastering was done with slurry of clay and cow dung
mixed in the ratio of 5:1. After clay-plastering, about 3–5 cm thick cushioning was done with locally and easily available dry pine leaf or
straw (@ 2–3 kg/sq. m) on the walls and bottom, to avoid any kind of damage to the lining material from any sharp or conical gravel. Lining
of Jalkund was done with the LDPE agri-film (250 micron thickness). Vegetables like cabbage, onion, tomato etc. were planted in and around
the Jalkund. The average storage capacity of Jalkund is 30000 litres and yield of crops (cabbage, tomato & onion) was found be 18.75 q/ha.
The average cost of each litre of water harvested is calculated as 0.58 paisa.The farmers were so satisfied with this technology to store water
and use in lean season and give opportunity for taking up of agricultural and allied activities like poultry, piggery, fishery and dairying around
Jalkund apart from day to day domestic purpose uses.
Keywords: Jalkund, Rainwater harvesting structure, Plastering, LDPE Agri-film
GNRSA-2020/636
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF GREEN GRAM UNDER CLUSTER FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAMME IN SAMASTIPUR DISTRICT, BIHAR
SANJAY KUMAR*, R. K. TIWARI, SHAILESH KUMAR, RANJAN KUMAR,BHARATI UPADHAYA AND VIDYAPATI
CHOUDHARY
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Birauli, Samastipur-848113, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar
The study was conducted during 2016-17 & 2017-18 by employing different cultivars of green gram, namely SML-668 & Pusa vishal were
taken up during each year in the area of 10 ha for 30 & 26 farmers, respectively with the objective to demonstrate the improved technologies
of pulse production potential. The improve technologies consists of modern varieties, seed treatment with Bavistin/Rhizobium/PSB, balance
fertilizer application and integrated pest management. These CFLD studies recorded higher average grain yield (14.20 and 11.24 q/ha) as
compare to average yield obtained from farmer’s practice (9.35 and 7.62 q/ha) computed to increase in yield by 34.15 % and 32.20% during
the years under observation, respectively. The technology gap (q/ha), extension gap (q/ha) and technology index (%) were 5.80, 4.85 and 29.0
during 2016-17 and 8.76, 3.62 and 43.8 in 2017-18, respectively. The significant increase in yield is attributed due to introduction of new
varieties in cluster mode. These mode facilitated better crop management resulting in better crop production.
GNRSA-2020/637
SEWAN GRASS (LASIURUS SCINDICUS): A POTENTIAL FORAGE GRASS IN ARID ENVIRONMENTS
*
SANJAY KUMAR SANADYA1, 2, SS SHEKHAWAT1, SMRUTISHREE SAHOO1, 3
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner-334006 (Rajasthan) India
2
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062
(Himachal Pradesh) India
3
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145,
Uttarakhand, India
Popular pastoral species, sewan grass (Lasiurus scindicus) is receiving long overdue attention as mechanization, modernization in agriculture
and illicit grazing that poses serious threats to conserve biodiversity in arid and semi-arid environments. Within these regions, it is found
mainly in wastelands, sand dunes, hummock and sandy plains but vary less popular for cultivation in farmer’s field. Sewan grass has many
features like good nutritional value, soil binder, tolerance to high temperature, high digestibility and palatability and prolonged drought
conditions contributed greatly towards its success as a potential forage species in arid environments. Most research focuses on the species as
forage plant and agronomical practices and is largely published in agricultural and grey literature. Meanwhile, there is a lack of information
about the breeding strategies and seed production technologies. Therefore, here we present a comprehensive review about agronomic
management, breeding and seed production strategies systematically that will aid in the management of sewan grass now and into the future.
Our aim is to summaries and synthesis work previously undertaken.
Keywords: Arid environments,Breeding methodologies, Diversification, Sewan Grass, Thar Desert
GNRSA-2020/638
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF GREEN GRAM UNDER CLUSTER FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAMME IN SAMASTIPUR DISTRICT, BIHAR
SANJAY KUMAR*, R. K. TIWARI, SHAILESH KUMAR, RANJAN KUMAR,BHARATI UPADHAYA AND VIDYAPATI
CHOUDHARY
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Birauli, Samastipur-848113, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar
The study was conducted during 2016-17 & 2017-18 by employing different cultivars of green gram, namely SML-668 & Pusa vishal were
taken up during each year in the area of 10 ha for 30 & 26 farmers, respectively with the objective to demonstrate the improved technologies
of pulse production potential. The improve technologies consists of modern varieties, seed treatment with Bavistin/Rhizobium/PSB, balance
fertilizer application and integrated pest management. These CFLD studies recorded higher average grain yield (14.20 and 11.24 q/ha) as
compare to average yield obtained from farmer’s practice (9.35 and 7.62 q/ha) computed to increase in yield by 34.15 % and 32.20% during
the years under observation, respectively. The technology gap (q/ha), extension gap (q/ha) and technology index (%) were 5.80, 4.85 and 29.0
during 2016-17 and 8.76, 3.62 and 43.8 in 2017-18, respectively. The significant increase in yield is attributed due to introduction of new
varieties in cluster mode. These mode facilitated better crop management resulting in better crop production.
GNRSA-2020/639
CORRELATION OF AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS WITH PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF BHADERWAH IN
DISTRICT DODA (J&K), INDIA
SANJEEV K. CHAUDHARY, NEERAJ KOTWAL AND NIRMAL SHARMA
Regional Horticultural Research Sub Station Bhaderwah, SKUAST-Jammu (J&K).
Composite soil samples collected from agriculture land use in temperate Bhaderwah region of district Doda in Jammu and Kashmir were
processed and analyzed in the laboratory for important physico-chemical properties like soil texture, pH, EC and OC along with available
nutrients i.e. N, P, K, S, Fe, Zn and B. Besides simple correlations, multiple linear regression equations were computed by taking into account
the variables showing significant correlations. Variables with highly significant regression coefficients were retained by progressively
eliminating less significant ones in step down regression procedure. Soil pH showed significant and positive correlations with available P
(r=0.47**) and K (r=0.30*) and significant and negative correlations with available Fe (r=-0.80**) and Zn (r=-0.79**). EC showed significant
and positive correlations with available P (r=0.68 **), K (r=0.87**), S (r=0.85**) and B (r=0.61**). Soil OC showed significant and positive
correlations with available N (r=0.93**) and B (r=0.31*). The step down regression equations indicated that about 87% of variability in
available N could be attributed to OC alone. In available P and K, nearly 62% and 81% of the respective variability could be due to pH and
EC together. Available S was found to be influenced by EC alone to the extent of about 72% of the total variability. pH contributed about
65% and 62% of the total variability towards available Fe and Zn in order; whereas more than 55% of variability in available B could be
attributed to OC and EC together.
Keywords: Available nutrients, Bhaderwah, correlations, physico-chemical, regression.
GNRSA-2020/640
EFFECT OF SEEDING DEVICES AND RICE RESIDUE LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE OF SUCCEEDING WHEAT IN RICE -
WHEAT SYSTEM
SANYOGITA CHAUDHARY1*, V. PRATAP SINGH1 AND SUBHASH CHANDRA2
Department of Agronomy1,2, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
Management of combine harvested rice residue is one of the biggest challenges faced by the farmers under rice-wheat cropping system.
Combine harvester leaves the standing stubble as well as the losses residue in the field. It cuts the rice at around 45-50 cm height and upper
portion is threshed and grains are removed. The upper portion remains in field as thick strip of loose straw. To manage such huge quantity of
rice residue farmers resort to burning. Burning of rice residue is not anymore a solution for residue management as it has been banned by the
Government of India due to its ill effects on environment as well as on soil health. Now, the challenge is to manage the residue in-situ in the
field. To find a viable option to answer to this question a field experiment was conducted at Norman E Borlaug Crop Research Centre (NEB,
CRC) Pantnagar in split plot design with three wheat establishment methods i.e. Conventionally sown wheat, Happy seeder sown wheat and
Super seeder sown weed under three residue levels i.e. Residue removal, Leaving only standing stubbles (after combine harvesting of rice),
Standing stubbles + loose residue with three replications. The findings of the present study reveal that Super seeder sown wheat was found
better than conventional sown wheat. The performance of happy seeder sown wheat was not upto the mark particularly under total residue
retention. Higher crop stand in super seeder than happy seeder resulted in significantly higher grain yield (5986 kg/ha) followed by
conventional sown wheat followed by happy seeder sown wheat. Among different residue levels the treatment where residue was removed
had significantly higher yield than total residue retention (standing stubbles + loose residue) practices but was statistically at par with the
treatment where standing stubbles were left in the field. Therefore, use of Super seeder can be advocated for sowing of wheat under residue
retention condition and the approach to burn residue can be avoided.
GNRSA-2020/641
CHARACTERIZATION OF EPISOMAL BADNAVIRUSES INFECTING DIVERSE BANANA GENOTYPES IN NORTH EAST
INDIA
1
*SAPAM MONTESHORI, 2YUMLEMBAM RUPERT ANAND, 3MALEMNGANBI KEISHAM, 4JYOTSANA SANASAM, 5K.
SARDA DEVI, 6BABY WANGKHEM,7W. TAMPAKLEIMA CHANU AND8SUSHEEL KUMAR SHARMA
1,3,4,6
Research Scholar, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat-, Manipur
2
Assisitant Professor (Plant Protection), College of Agricultural Engineering and Post Harvest Technology, Ranipool East Sikkim
5,7
Ph.D. Scholar, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal
8
Scientist (Plant Pathology) ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal-795004, India
Banana streak virus (BSV) is an important pathogen of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) throughout the world. Streak virus infected banana
leaf samples were collected from different North Eastern India. Rolling circle amplification-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RCA-
RFLP) based detection of episomal BSV in infected banana was used for characterization of episomal banana streak viruses (BSV). A
representative RCA-RFLP pattern of selected 70 isolates of episomal BSV samples from different parts of NE India was analyzed.
RCA/RFLP analysis indicated that different genetic variants of episomal BSV are prevalent in the local banana genotypes of NE India. The
RCA amplified products were digested with eleven restriction enzyme viz., KpnI, HindIII, BamHI, EcoRI, SalI, PstI, SacI, Xmal, SphI, XhoI
and XbaI. The unique restriction patterns were observed. The restriction profiles of RCA-digested products exhibiting the linear digested
product of 7-8 kb were considered as full length linear BSV genome. Thirty-seven samples were restricted at single site by the KpnI
restriction enzyme out of which 4 samples were from Arunachal Pradesh (4-AAB), 4 samples from Assam (3-AAB & 1-ABB), 16 samples
from Manipur (5-AAA, 7-AAB & 4-ABB), 1 sample from Mizoram (AAB), 2 samples from Nagaland (2-AAB), 3 samples from Sikkim (3-
AAB) and 6 samples from Tripura (6-AAB). HindIII restricted seven epsiomal BSV samples at single site. These samples originated from: 2
from Manipur (1-AAB, 1-ABB), 2 from Sikkim (1-AAA & 1-AAB), 1 sample each from Nagaland (1-AAB), Mizoram (1-AAA) and Assam
(1-AAB). The distinctive RCA/RFLP patterns obtained from different banana genotypes were sequenced and the sequences were analyzed
for the identification of associated episomal BSV species. The symptomatic positive samples were observed to have bacilliform badnavirus
particles in the infected samples. The sequencing of RCA restricted fragments indicated the prevalence of different episomal banana streak
viruses.
Keywords: Banana Streak Virus, episomal banana streak virus, genotypes, RCA-RFLP, restriction enzyme.
GNRSA-2020/642
VARIATION IN AGPAT6 GENE ASSOCIATED WITH MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS IN MURRAH BUFFALO
SAPNA NATH1, DAYAL NITAI DAS2,SATISH KUMAR ILLA,3 ANAND KUMAR NAGALEEKAR3, B. SURENDRANATH5 AND
DEGINAL REVANASIDDU3
1
Research Associate, ABRC, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
2
Principal Scientist, Genetics Lab., Dairy Production, ICAR-NDRI (SRS), Bengaluru
3
Ph.D. Scholar (In-service), AGB Division, Dairy Production Section ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
4
Ph.D. Scholar, AGB Division, Dairy Production Section ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
5
Principal Scientist, Dairy Chemistry, ICAR-NDRI (SRS), Bengaluru
Present study investigated the association of genetic variation within 5′UTR exons 1-1511, 3′UTR exons 1512-1723 of sn-1-acylglycerol-3-
phosphate-O-acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6) gene of buffalo with the milk production traits using PCR-SSCP and Sanger sequencing methods.
The study revealed two unique conformational patterns, ‘1’ and ‘2’ in 100 Murrah buffaloes. Ten primer pairs were used for amplification of
AGPAT6 gene and a total of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified: viz., two in exon 4 and seven in exon 8. The
frequency of SSCP pattern 1 was found to be consistently high in the buffalo population under study. The preliminary results showed
substantial variations in the distribution of SSCP variants frequencies of pattern 1 and 2 within Murrah buffaloes. However, these variants of
exon 4 and exon 8 had non-significant association with milk yield, whereas, same variants in terms of SNPs in coding region were found to
have significant (P≤0.01) association with fat percentage. This suggest that AGPAT6 affects milk fat percentage, which is economically
important trait, and that further study of this gene is warranted in Murrah buffaloes. The present study results have provided an insight into
the effects of variation in AGPAT6 gene on milk-production traits in Murrah buffaloes. The polymorphisms observed can be used as
molecular markers to assist selection.
GNRSA-2020/643
REVERSE BREEDING: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR ACCELERATING MODERN PLANT BREEDING
SARFRAZ AHMAD1*, M.L. JAKHAR2, DALIP3 AND SHIVAM MAURYA4
1,2,3
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan-303029, India.
4
Department of Plant Pathology, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan-303029, India
The traditional hybrid breeding approaches are based on the generation of the homozygous parental lines which is a cumbersome process.
Since the fixation of unknown heterozygote is impossible, reverse breeding could fundamentally provide a possible solution. Reverse
breeding technique designed to directly produce perfectly complementary homozygous parental lines from any heterozygous plant through
engineered meiosis. It is based on reducing genetic recombination in the selected heterozygote by eliminating meiotic crossing over, followed
by in-vitro producing of doubled haploid (DH) lines and selection of complementary parental lines to reconstitute the selected heterozygote.
The peculiar application of reverse breeding is to propagate superior heterozygous plants without prior knowledge of their genetic
constitution and breeding can opt at the single chromosome level. It allows for a much more efficient and targeted hybrid plant production
and accelerate the breeding process by involving DH lines.
Keywords: Doubled haploid, engineered meiosis, plant breeding and reverse breeding
GNRSA-2020/644
USING PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS FOR FORECASTING OF PRE-HARVEST RAPESEED AND MUSTARD YIELD
BASED ON METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS
SARVESH KUMAR*, V.N. RAI, K.K. MOURYA, AND RAVI PRAKASH GUPTA
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture andTechnology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, U.P., India
The objective of this paper “Forecast Models of Rapeseed & Mustard Yield Using Principal Component Analysis for Sultanpur District of
Eastern Uttar Pradesh.” Time series data on yield of Rapeseed & Mustard and weekly data from 40 th SMW of the previous year to 8th SMW
of the following year on Six weather variables, covering the period from 1990-91 to 2014-15 have been utilized for development of pre-
harvest forecast model. Statistical methodologies using multiple regression, principal component analysis for developing pre-harvest forecast
model have been described. The Model (1 to 6) based on principal component analysis. Models have been developed on the basis of adj R2,
RMSE and %SE, the best model (model-I,II and III) obtained by the application of step-wise regression analysis of weekly weather data.
These models can be used to get the reliable forecast of Rapeseed & Mustard yield one and half months before the harvest.
GNRSA-2020/645
BIOCHAR APPLICATION ENHANCE THE GROWTH PARAMETERS OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) IN CHROMIUM
CONTAMINATED SOIL
SARVJEETA, PRAMOD KUMAR SHARMAA, VIPIN KUMARB*AND DEVANANDA
a
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
b
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chaudhary Shivnath Singh Shandilya (P.G.) College, Machhra, Meerut, U.P., India
Anthropic activities like mining, transport, farming, industrial waste disposal etc. release inorganic contaminants in great concentrations that
are toxic to natural ecosystems. Heavy metal like chromium that poses severe human health risks through intake of contaminated agricultural
produces when present in high concentrations in soil. To address this problem pot experiment was conducted in kharif season of 2018-19 to
know the effect of biochar on growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in chromium contaminated soilin the net house. Five chromium
levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg) with and without three levels of biochar @ 20 ton/ha, 40 ton/ha and 60 ton/ha respectively were taken.
Plant height, chlorophyll content, number of tillers hill -1 and productive tillers hill-1 of rice were recorded. Results indicated that chromium
had negative impact on these growth parameters of rice. Growth of rice decreased significantly by the increasing rate of chromium
application. Results obtained from the experiments also revealed that addition of biochar significantly increased these growth parameters of
rice. In general, the application of biochar has shown the ability to reduce the toxic effect of chromium on growth of rice.
Keywords: Biochar, Chromium, Growth, Parameters, Rice
GNRSA-2020/646
MECHANIZATION OPERATIONS OF SUGARCANE CULTIVATION FOR NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION
SATENDRA KUMAR AND S.P. YADAV
UPCSR-Genda Singh Sugarcane Breeding and Research Institute, Seorahi (Kushinagar), U.P.
Mechanization in sugarcane is very important and helpful for enhancing the sugarcane productivity and conserves the natural resources
during pandemic era of COVID-19. Mechanization is the utilization of modern power drawn implements for different operation at the field.
Sugarcane (Saccharumspp. hybrid complex) is the most important cash and agro industrial crop which is being cultivated in around 5.06
million hectares area in India. The major producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Gujarat in which
leading state Uttar Pradesh having the average cane productivity 81.10 t/ha with sugar recovery 11.48 per cent. Sugarcane cultivation needs
heavy demand of labour and machinery throughout the sugarcane crop cycle. The lack of mechanization in India is due to small land
holdings, improper row spacing and less skill about mechanization. It is an alarming situation to go for mechanization in sugarcane. Laser
land leveler is used for precission land leveling and helps in mechanoization operations, increasing the sugarcane productivity and improving
the crop established. Small tractor drawn multipurpose equipment are used for performing mechanical weeding, earthing up and fertilizer
application operation in wide row planted sugarcane. Convenient use of machinery and sugarcane harvester in appropriate sugarcane plant
geometry helps in saving of labour, reduces drudgery, timeliness of operations. Zero tillage sugarcane planting and automatic seed cutter
planter are also used for mechanization in sugarcane. Mechanization in Sugarcane Cultivation in the competitive involvement, which is fast
enveloping all the operations, the effectiveness of human resources will be the cutting edge for sustaining the productivity. Mechanization is
useful in improving quality of work, effective utilization of resources and reduces cost of operation.
GNRSA-2020/647
ESTIMATION OF LOSSES AND MANAGEMENT (QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE) CAUSED BY DOWNY AND
POWDERY MILDEW IN FIELD PEA
SATYENDRA VIKARAM SINGH*, KRISHNA KUMAR, AJAY KUMAR†, POPIN KUMAR†† AND ANAND SINGH†††
*Department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224229 (U.P.) India
†
Assistant Professor, Plant Pathology, Amar Singh P. G. College (CCS University Meerut), Lakhaoti, Bulandshahar- 203407 (U.P.) India
††
Department of Plant Pathology, S.V.P.U.A. & T. Modipuram Meerut-250110 (U.P.) India
†††
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya Narendra Deva University Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-
224229 (U.P.) India
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the third most widely grown grain legume worldwide, commonly called as matar, in Hindi, belongs to family
leguminaceae and cultivated as an important vegetable as well as pulse crop throughout the world. The maximum mortality (4.00%) was
found in treatment T7 (control) followed by T5 (Apron+Triatimefon @ of 0.2%) and T2 (Pseudomonas fluorescence+Karathane) which are
significantly at par to each other. Apron+Karathane (T1), Apron+Calyxin (T4) and T.viride+Nativo (T6) were found less effective. Maximum
disease rating score 5 in 1 to 9 scale was recorded in T 2, T3 and T7 while it was minimum score one in T1, T4 and T5. In treatment T6 the
disease score was rated as 3. On the basis of above the disease severity index was calculated which was found maximum in T 7 (check) having
PDI of 48.88%. The minimum PDI was recorded 11.11% in T 1, T4 and T5. The number of pod/plant maximum 14.50 pods / plant was noted
in cultivar T2 and T7 respectively while minimum 11.5 pods were observed in cultivar T 6 cultivar T2 being on par with cultivar T7 and T4
produced significantly more number of pods/plant as compare two rest cultivars. Environment given to the crop also in influenced the
production of pods and maximum 15.29 pods / plant were noted in protected plant which was significantly superior to unprotected plant
which produced minimum 11.14 pods/plant. The number of seed/pod maximum 6.00 seed / pod was noted in cultivar T7. While minimum
4.00 seeds were observed in cultivar T1. Cultivar T3 and T5 being at par with cultivar T2 and T6 produced significantly more number of seeds /
pod as compare two rest cultivars. Environment given to the crop also in influenced the production of seeds and maximum 6.29 seeds / pod
were noted in protected plant which was significantly superior to unprotected plant which produced minimum 4.00 seed/plant. The 1000
seeds test weight maximum 132.50 (gm) were noted in cultivar T6. Cultivar T3 being on par with cultivar T2 and T5 produced significantly
more 1000 seeds test weight as compare two rest cultivars. Environment given to the crop also in influenced the production of pods and
maximum 143.29g (1000 seeds test weight) were noted in protected plant which was significantly superior to unprotected plant which
produced minimum 113.57g (1000 seeds test weight).
GNRSA-2020/648
PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF KABULI CHICKPEA (CICER KABULIUM) VARIETIES. EFFECT OF
SULPHUR
SAURABH SINGH YADAV, RAMESH P. SINGH, BRIJESH KUMAR, R.N.KEWAT, SHIVENDRA KUMAR VISHWAKARMA
AND RAM ASHEESH.
Department of Agril. Biochemistry,Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya- 224 229 (U.P.)
India
The present investigation on Physical and Biochamical studies of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer kabulium) varieties. Effect of sulphur was
conducted during Rabi seasson in 2016-17 at the Agronomy research farm and laboratory of Agriculture Biochemistry Narendra Deva
University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj Faizabad (UP). Was adopted with three replications. Following chickpea varieties were
grown with proper agronomic practices and the seeds of ten varieties of chickpea namely NDGK 11-13 (V1), NDGK 99-9 (V2), BG 1003
(V3), JGK1(V4), HK 94-134(V5). Levels of sulphur 03(S1, S2, S3), S1=0kg/ha, S2=20kg/ha, S3=30kg/ha. were undertaken to chickpea varieties
with successive were executed in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted with three replications. Following chickpea varieties
were grown with proper agronomic practices and the seeds of ten varieties were collected after harvesting and use for analysis of
biochemical Parameters.viz Plant height (cm), Number of pods and root per plant, seeds weight (g),Protein content, Methionine content,
Tryptophan content and Lysine content. The data obtained in the experiment showed the highest protein content was found 25.01 percent,
methionine content was found 2.16 (g/16gN) in NDGK 11-13 , tryptophan content was found 0.18 g/16N and lysine content was found 7.70
(g/16gN) in NDGK 11-13 by the 30 kg/ha sulphur application.
Keywords: Plant height (cm), Number of pods and root per plant, seed weight (g), Protein content, Methionine content Tryptophan content
Lysine content
GNRSA-2020/649
EVALUATION OF BIOEFFICACY OF NEW INSECTICIDES AGAINST GRAM POD BORER ON GRAM
SAURAV GUPTA1, VINOD GUPTA2 AND ABHAY KUMAR SINHA3.
1,2,3
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Samba, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Gram Pod Boreris a very destructive and serious pest of Gram and causes serious damage to gram. They feed on leaves and tender shoots and
bore into the pod to feed on seeds, sometimes half of the body remains outside the pod if the pod is small. One larva may feed on several
fruits before completing development. In severe infestation cases, it causes about 55-90% losses in seed yield. Gram is the important pulse
crop grown in Rabi season by the farmers of District Kathua. Every year infestation due to Pod borer in gram causes huge economic loss
results in low yield. Therefore, KVK-Kathua had conducted On Farm Trials during rabi 2017-18 and rabi 2018-19 at farmer’s field to assess
the efficacy of insecticides for the management of Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Gram.On the basis of three treatments assessed
i.e. (a) Farmer’s practice (No Spray) (b) Cypermethrin 25EC @1.5ml./lt. of water (recommended) (c) Indoxacarb 14.5Sc @1ml. /lt. of
water(Intervention). The results of OFT during 2017-18 revealed that use of Indoxacarb 14.5Sc @ 1ml. /lt. of water was observed to be
superior resulting in 74.46% reduction in damage to pods of Gram and increased the grain yield to an extent of 47.36% over farmers practice
(No spray) followed by Cypermethrin 25EC @1.5ml./lt. of water resulting in 67.69% reduction in damage to pods of Gram and increased the
grain yield to an extent of 34.21% over farmers practice (No spray) and the results of OFT during 2018-19 revealed that use of Indoxacarb
14.5Sc @ 1ml. /lt. of water was observed to be superior resulting in 71.42% reduction in damage to pods of Gram and increased the grain
yield to an extent of 55.55% over farmers practice (No spray) followed by Cypermethrin 25EC @1.5ml./lt. of water resulting in 61.03%
reduction in damage to pods of Gram and increased the grain yield to an extent of 38.88% over farmers practice (No spray). In terms of cost
benefits Indoxacarb 14.5Sc was the best. Therefore, the use of Indoxacarb 14.5Sc @ 1ml. /lt. of water can be recommended for control of pod
borer under rainfed conditions of Kathua.
Keywords: Gram Pod Borer, On Farm Trial, Heliciverpa armigera, Indoxacarb, Cypermethrin
GNRSA-2020/650
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE TO MULTIPLE DISEASES IN MAIZE(ZEA MAYS L.) UNDER SUB TEMPERATE
HIGH HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
*SAWAN KUMAR1, RAKESH DEVLASH2, GAURAV SHARMA1, SATISH KUMAR GULERIA2 AND RAVINDER KUMAR1
1
Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, HP, India
2
CSKHPKV, HAREC, Bajaura, Himachal Pradesh, India
This study was conducted to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and genetic effects associated with
Turcicum leaf blight (TLB), Maydis leaf blight (MLB) and Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) in maize under natural and artificial
epiphytotic conditions. The 60 F1 hybrids generated from line × tester and 32 parents along with two local checks were evaluated for
screening of disease resistance at CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishva Vidyalaya, Hill Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Bajaura
(HP) during Kharif, 2016. Significant genetic variability was observed for resistance to all three diseases. Five inbred lines viz., L10, L12, L14,
L21, L28 and one tester (T1) were found most promising for resistant to TLB; Five lines namely L 21, L22, L25, L26 and L28 for MLB and L5, L6,
L9, L12, L22 and T1 for BLSB as they showed resistance against these particular diseases with significant GCA effects. These lines can be used
as parent sources for resistance in further breeding programme. Five hybrids viz., L17 × T1, L18 × T1, L23 × T2, L24 × T1 and L28 × T1 were
selected on the basis of disease reaction and significant SCA effects for one of the studied diseases. These cross combination can be
commercialized after further evaluation for yield parameters at several locations. This offers scope for source population improvement for
resistance to these TLB, MLB and BLSB as well as developing maize hybrids.
Keywords: Banded leaf and sheath blight, Maize, Maydis leaf blight, Turcicum leaf blight
GNRSA-2020/651
MEAN PERFORMANCE OF CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) FOR DIFFERENT GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY
CHARACTERS UNDER KASHMIR CONDITIONS
SAYED AZRAH INDRABI*, AJAZ. A. MALIK, K. HUSSAIN, GEETIKA MALIK, SUMATI NARAYAN, AFROZA AKHTER,
AMREENA SULTAN, INSHA JAVEED AND MAJID RASHID
Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Shalimar Kashmir
The present study was carried out to know the performance of 48 chilli genotypes for different traits attributing for growth, yield and quality
in chilli at the Division of Vegetable Science and Molecular biology, ICAR- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture Srinagar (CITH)
during Kharif 2018. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes. Among the genotypes used for
investigation BhutJolokia showed highest plant height (94.06 cm), maximum fruit diameter (2.60 cm) and maximum average fruit weight
(2.83 g). The genotype KashiAnmol showed highest plant spread (63.86 cm), highest fruit length (13.80 cm), maximum number of fruits per
plants (100.50), maximum fruit yield per plant and per hectare i.e., (750.10g and 277.60 q) respectively. VOBC-0289 recorded the maximum
average fruit weight (15.03 g) and maximum number of seeds per fruit (139.46). Maximum number of primary branches per plants was found
in IC- 561635 (8.00), minimum number of days to 50% flowering was taken by genotype IC-561661 (44 days) and minimum days to first
fruit set (38.36 days) was taken by genotype IC-561652, LVST- Red -1 recorded maximum pedicel length (5.00 cm). Among the quality
characters Vitamin C content at green stage was found maximum in IC-561665 (187 mg/100g) and Vitamin C content at ripe stage was found
to be maximum in IC- CITH-HP-22 (194.60mg/ 100g). The oleoresin content was found to be maximum in VOBC-0289 (189.50 ASTA
units). The capsaicin content as revealed by HPLC analysis was found to be maximum in BhutJolokia (9547.90 µg/ g).
Keywords: Chilli, capsaicin content, vitamin C, oleoresin
GNRSA-2020/652
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) USING SIMPLE
SEQUENCE REPEATS (SSR) MARKERS
AMREENA SULTAN AND INSHA JAVEED
Chilli (CapsicumannuumL.) family Solanaceae, 2n=2x= 24 possesses enormous amount of genetic diversity. India is considered to be the
secondary centre of diversity of chilli. Extent of genetic diversity determines the success level of crop improvement programme. Molecular
markers are powerful tool for analysing the relationship among accessions based on estimation of genetic diversity. Simple sequence repeats
(SSRs) are the most widely used marker system for plant variety characterization and diversity analysis especially in cultivated species which
have low levels of polymorphism. The aim of the present study was to access the molecular genetic diversity of 48 chilli genotypes collected
from various states of India representing different agro-ecological regions using SSR markers. Genomic DNA was extracted from young
leaves and PCR reactions were performed. 36 SSR primers were used in PCR implication, among the 36 primers screened 16 primers
exhibited null alleles and hence only 20 informative primer pairs were selected for cluster analysis. Total 41 alleles were detected with an
average 2.05 per loci. The maximum number of alleles detected was 5 in primer CAMS-234. The polymorphic Information Content (PIC)
value ranged from 0.06 (HPMS-1-172) to 0.72 (CAMS- 647) with average 0.50. The 48 chilli genotypes showed different two way similarity
coefficient values ranging from 0.653-1.00. Dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic
Means (UPGMA) indicating the segregation of 48 chilli genotypes into 5 main clusters. The SSR marker showed genetic variability in the
studied chilli genotypes and they are powerful tools for estimating molecular diversity of chilli. The findings of the present study have
potential applications in future breeding programme for the genetic improvement of chilli.
Keywords:Capsicum annuum, genetic diversity, genotypes, SSR markers, Polymorphic information content, characterization
GNRSA-2020/653
GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) GENOTYPES BASED ON DIFFERENT TRAITS
A study on genetic diversity was conducted with forty-eight chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes which were collected from different agro
ecological regions of India. Fourteen quantitative characters were taken into consideration. Mahalanobis D 2 statistics was employed to study
genetic divergence among 48 genotypes and they were grouped into thirteen clusters on the basis of relative magnitude of D 2 values using
Euclideanmethod. Cluster I accommodated maximum number (30) of genotypes followed by cluster V (7) and cluster II, III, IV, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII (each one). The inter cluster distance D2 values was highest between cluster II and IX (13956.99) followed by XIII
and XI (10595.24) and cluster X and XI (10183.48). The intra cluster distance ranged from 0.00 (cluster II) to 691.01 (cluster I). The
members of cluster I exhibited maximum divergence (intra cluster distance 691.01) followed by members of cluster V (474.76).The inter
cluster distance were larger than the intra cluster distances indicating a wider genetic diversity between genotypes of cluster with respect to
traits considered. Maximum inter-cluster distance indicates that genotypes falling in these clusters had wide diversity and can be used for
hybridization programme to get better recombinants in the segregating generation.
Keywords: Capsicum annuum,Mahalanobis D2, Euclidean method, Genetic divergence
GNRSA-2020/654
GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS IN CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)
The experiment was conducted to study the genetic variability, heritability and correlation analysis of 48 chilli genotypes with 3 replications
during kharif 2018 at the Division of Vegetable Science and Molecular Biology, ICAR- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture. The
study revealed that highly significant difference existed among the accessions for all the characters studied. Environmental influence was
very less on expression of characters as it was evident by narrow gap between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation. Genotypic
and phenotypic coefficients were moderate to high for all the characters studied. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent
of mean was observed for almost all characters, indicating that simple selection would be sufficient for these traits to bring genetic
improvement. The correlation coefficient analysis measures the mutual relationship between various characters and it determines the
component traits on which selection can be relied upon for effective improvement. Fruit yield had positive and highly significant association
with plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and average dry
fruit weight at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Strong association of these traits revealed that selection based on these traits would
ultimately improve the fruit yield and it is also suggested that hybridization of genotypes possessing combination of such characters is most
useful for obtaining desirable high yielding segregants.
Keywords:Variability, heritability, correlation coefficient.
GNRSA-2020/655
PERCEPTION OF FARMERS TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE
SEEMA JAT* AND AMIT KUMAR MISHRA**
Bhagwant University, Ajmer
Climate change is now affecting every country on every continent. It is disrupting national economies and affecting lives, costing people,
communities and countries dearly today and even more tomorrow. Climate change is associated with various adverse impacts on agriculture,
water resources, forest and biodiversity, health, coastal management and increase in temperature. Decline in agricultural productivity is the
main impact of climate change in India. A majority of population depends on agriculture directly or indirectly. Climate change would
represent additional stress on the ecological and socioeconomic systems that are already facing tremendous pressure due to rapid
industrialization, urbanization and economic development. This paper analyzes the impact of climate change and its various aspects in the
Indian context.
Keywords: Climate Change, Perception of farmers, national economy, and agriculture.
GNRSA-2020/656
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD AND SOCIAL CONCERN
SHAGUN MAURYA1 NIHARIKA YADUVANSHI,2 GAURAV SHARMA2 ,ANKAJ TIWARI2 ,
1
Department of PMB&GE
2
Department of Genetics &Plant Breeding
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj,Ayodhya
Biotechnology is providing us with a wide range of options for how we can use agricultural and commercial forestry lands. The cultivation of
genetically modified (GM) crops on millions of hectares of lands and their injection into our food chain is a huge global genetic experiment
involving all living beings. Considering the fast pace of new advances in production of genetically modified crops, consumers, farmers and
policymakers worldwide are challenged to reach a consensus on a clear vision for the future of world food supply. The current food
biotechnology debate illustrates the serious conflict between two groups.The current food biotechnology debate illustrates the serious conflict
between two groups: 1) Agri-biotech investors and their affiliated scientists who consider agricultural biotechnology as a solution to food
shortage, the scarcity of environmental resources and weeds and pests infestations; and 2) independent scientists, environmentalists, farmers
and consumers who warn that genetically modified food introduces new risks to food security, the environment and human health such as loss
of biodiversity; the increase of antibiotic resistance, food allergies and other unintended effects. This article reviews major viewpoints which
are currently debated in the food biotechnology sector in the world. It also lays the ground-work for deep debate on benefits and risks of
Biotech-crops for human health, ecosystems and biodiversity. In this context, although some regulations exist, there is a need for continuous
vigilance for all countries involved in producing genetically engineered food to follow the international scientific bio-safety testing guidelines
containing reliable pre-release experiments and post-release track of transgenic plants to protect public health and avoid future environmental
harm.
GNRSA-2020/657
PREDATION OF HELICOVERPA LARVAE BY THE REDUVIID BUG, RHYNOCORIS MARGINATUS (FABRICIUS)
SHAH NIVEDITA 1 AND CHUNNI KUMARI2
JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482004, INDIA
IGKVV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492012, INDIA
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of themost destructive insect pests, causing
higheconomic losses in a diverse array of agriculturalhost plant species. It feeds on over 300 species belonging to 68 plant families around the
world, including major crops such as cotton, soybean, maize, and a wide range of horticultural crops.Among the various groups ofbiocontrol
agents, reduviid bug, Rhynocoris marginatus plays a vital role in the biocontrol of nearly 20 insect pests. It is also a potential predator on
lepidopteran pests in various agroecosystems.Hence an experiment was carried out during 2020-2021 to study the predatory activity of R.
marginatus on the larvae of H.armigera at Biocontrol laboratory, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.). Adult bugs were collected from the field and mass
multiplied in the laboratory on factitious host Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) larvae. Egg batches of bugs were collected and incubated. Four
different nymphs of 3rd, 4th, 5th instar, and adult of predator were given five 3 rd instar Helicoverpa larva each, and time was recorded for the
kill. Results indicated that nymph of 5th instar reduviid bug took on an average 8 seconds to kill five larvae, followed by adult 8.6 seconds,
4th instar nymph took 19.4 seconds, and 3rd instar nymph took 35 seconds respectively. Hence among the different stages of the nymph, the
5th instar nymphal stage of reduviid bug was the most efficient biocontrol agent for H. armigera.
Keywords: Helicoverpa armigera, reduviid bug, Predation, Corcyra
GNRSA-2020/658
EXOGENOUS 6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE INCREASE GRAIN YIELD OF LATE SOWN WHEAT BY IMPROVING
PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM
SHAILESH KUMAR1* AND AJAY KUMAR SINGH1
1*
Department of Botany, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry
College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar-848125
The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of exogenous 6-BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) on the physiological traits and
yield of late sown wheat. Field experiment was conducted with four wheat genotypes viz., HD2967, RAUW4, HP1744 and DBW15.
Staggered sowing (09thDecember, 2019 and 30th December, 2019) was done to induce terminal heat stress in late sown crops. The exogenous
application of 20 ppm of 6-BAP was done at heading, 3 DAA and 14 DAA and only water was applied in control plants. High temperature
stress/ late sown conditions caused significant reduction in photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability, pollen fertility, and spikelet fertility,
1000-grain weight, number of grains per spike and yield in all the genotypes, with variable magnitude. However, exogenous application of 20
ppm, 6-BAP helped in maintaining high chlorophyll contents (5 to 21%), pollen fertility (2.9 to 14.7%) and also increased the activity of
antioxidant enzymes in wheat genotypes. The 20 ppm BAP also significantly increased the grain yield (9 to 17%) and maintained high
photosynthetic pigment contents in late sown wheat genotypes. Exogenous application of 20 ppm 6-BAP mitigated the effect of high
temperature stress especially in late sown condition by improving the physiological traits, pollen viability and antioxidant enzyme activity
(superoxide dismutase, catalase & peroxidase) with variable magnitude. The results also provide essential information for further utilization
of the cytokinin in mitigation of adverse effect of terminal heat stress in late sown wheat.
GNRSA-2020/659
NANOFIBRES AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN TEXTILE SECTOR
SHALINI RUKHAYA AND SAROJYADAV
Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
The term nanois originated from the Greek word nanos which means dwarf. It is a unit prefix meaning "one billionth". This prefix denotes a
factor of 10−9 or 0.000000001.Nanotechnology is a general name for the whole set of techniques and methods for creating various structures
of nanometer sizes i.e. at the level of individual particles.Nanotechnology products are very popular in the textile sector, both in the field of
fibre production and modification.Current technology makes it possible to produce ultra-thin fibresi.e.nanofibres.Generally, nanofibre is a
term used for fibres whose diameter can be smaller than or equal to 100 nm. Nanofibres have emerged as exciting one-dimensional
nanomaterials for a broad spectrum of research and commercial application. They are capable of forming networks of highly porous mesh
with remarkable interconnectivity between their pores, making them an attractive choice for a host of advanced applications. In fact, the
significant impact of nanofibre technology can be traced from the wide range of fundamental materials that can be used for synthesis of
nanofibres. These include natural polymers, synthetic polymers, carbon-based materials, semiconducting materials and composite materials.
One of the most widespread applications of nanofibres is in the field of textiles which include protective textiles, smart textiles, sportswear
textile, industrial fabrics, electronic textiles etc. These fibres have numerous applications in other areas also which include cosmetics, wound
dressing, biomedical, filtration, drug delivery, sound absorptive materials etc. The future success of nanofibres in textile applications lies in
areas where new principles will be combined into durable, multifunctional textile systems without compromising the inherent textile
properties including processability, flexibility etc.
Keywords: Nanofibres, textile, polymers, composite materials
GNRSA-2020/660
EFFECT OF HYDROLYZED MOLASSES TREATED MUSTARD OIL CAKE ON THE BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF
SHEEP
SHAMIM ALI*, R.K.SHARMA, ANKUR RASTOGI, ANKIT SAITHI AND SINDHU BERIAN
Division of Animal Nutrition (SKUAST Jammu)
The study was conducted on fifteen nondescript adult male sheep which was randomly divided into three treatment groups namely UT, FT
and MT. The groups were subjected to three dietary treatments namely UT (Concentrate mix with untreated MOC+ Molasses+ ad lib wheat
straw); FT (Concentrate mix with formaldehyde treated MOC+ Molasses+ ad lib wheat straw) and MT (Concentrate mix with hydrolyzed
molasses treated MOC+ ad lib wheat straw).The observation was recorded for one month. The parameters of blood biochemistry observed
during the study period were total protein, Albumin, globulin, BUN, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). The level of total protein, albumin and globulin in serum was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FT group.
The BUN values were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FT group followed by MT group and lowest in UT group. The ALT activity was
lowest in UT group animals.
Keywords: Hydrolyzed Molasses, Mustard Oil Cake, Blood, Sheep
GNRSA-2020/661
PREVALENCE OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION
SHARMISHTHA THAKUR
Deptt. of Nematology, CSKHPKV-Palampur
Root-knot nematode, in particular has come out as the sole problematic reason under protected cultivation. Survey of twenty three polyhouses
in district Udaipur was accomplished during April to May, 2018 with an objective to find out the occurrence of root-knot nematode attacking
different crops like cucumber, tomato and capsicum. Plants exhibiting the symptoms of yellowing and wilting were uprooted and roots were
observed for the presence of galls. Random sampling was done at the depth of about 15-20 cm from the root zone of the plants with the help
of khurpi from 4-5 places in the polyhouse. Samples were processed through Cobb’s sieving and decanting technique, followed by Modified
Baermann’s Funnel Technique and observed under stereoscopic microscope. Incidence of root-knot nematode, M. incognita was recorded
from 21 polyhouses situated in Adhkalia, Bacchivada, Badi, Bhindar, Chavand, Devali, Ghanoli, Girva, Jaitana, Maharaj Ki Khedi, Mavali,
Navania, Sulambar, Satgada, Sarad and Vikarni except from two polyhouses. Frequency of occurrence of root-knot nematode was 91.22 %.
Highest infestation of root-knot nematode was recorded in Adhkalia, Chavand, Jaitana and Satgada where number of galls per 5 g root
ranging between 38.00 to 49.00 and nematode population was ranging between 695.50 to 970.00 J2 per 200 cc soil. The infestation of a
moderate intensity was observed in Bacchivada, Badi, Bhindar, Devali, Ghanoli, Girva, Maharaj Ki Khedi, Mavali, Navania, Sulambar and
Sarad having the number of galls per 5 g root ranging between 12.00 to 37.33 and population of root-knot nematode 246.00 to 538.67 J2 per
200 cc soil. The lowest infestation was recorded in Vikarni where minimum number of galls (9.50) per 5 g root and 105.00 J2 per 200 cc soil
were recorded.
Keywords: Survey, root-knot nematode, protected cultivation
GNRSA-2020/662
IMPACT OF LEACHATE FROM ACHAN DUMPING SITE, SRINAGAR ON SOIL QUALITY AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
SHAYESTA ISLAM*1, HALEEMA BANO1, ASIF AZIZ MALIK2, MIR TABASUM ASHRAF3, OWAIS ALI WANI4
1
Division of Environmental Sciences, 2Division of Basic Sciences, 3 Division of Vegetable Science,4 Division of Soil Science
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Shalimar, Kashmir 190025
Achan dumping site is the only dump site in Kashmir valley located at Achan in the North of the Srinagar city, the summer capital of Jammu
and Kashmir, between 34°09`N Latitude and 74° 79` E Longitude and roughly 5-6 kms from the centre of city. It was once a wet land and
home to thousands of birds and vegetation and also a stable source of income for locals. It was interconnected with the second largest lake in
Kashmir- the Anchar Lake and non-existent Khushal Sar through a web-like weaving of water bodies. It turned into waste land in 1983. This
landfill site has badly polluted the air and water bodies. Ground water of this area is now unsafe for drinking. There is an unbearable stench
coming out of the dumping site which is harmful, the stench is the result of lack of proper management of more than 350 metric tons of daily
solid waste collected by the SMC. The leachate generated from the degradation of waste is directly discharged in to the nearby surface water
body through underground pipes which pollute the surface water. Keeping in view all these facts the present study was carried out to
determine the impact of solid waste dumping on soil quality. Results of the present study revealed that amongst the four sampling sites of
soil, composing site was having highest mean value of electrical conductivity (3.43ds/m), nitrogen (320.49 mg/Kg), phosphorus (87.36
mg/Kg), potassium (301.28 mg/Kg), calcium (997.74 mg/Kg), magnesium (419.24 mg/Kg) during summer season while as the lowest mean
value of electrical conductivity (0.27ds/m), nitrogen (110.67 mg/Kg), phosphorus (15.38 mg/Kg), potassium (96.54 mg/Kg), calcium (668.33
mg/Kg), magnesium (280.82 mg/Kg) was recorded at control site during winter season. The highest mean value of pH (6.9) was recorded at
control site during summer season while as lowest (6.1) was recorded at compositing site during winter season. The highest mean moisture
content (48.42) was recorded at composting site during winter and lowest mean moisture content (12.87) was recorded at control site during
summer season. A decreasing trend in the estimation of various physico chemical paramaters of soil was observed during all the seasons in
the following order composting site ˃ inside ˃ outside ˃ control site.
Keywords: Dumpsite, soil quality, composting, electrical conductivity.
GNRSA-2020/663
EFFECT OF CEMENT DUST DEPOSITION ON GERMINATION, GROWTH AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT ON
SESAMUM INDICUM AND TRITICUM SPECIES IN SURROUNDING AREAS OF PRISM CEMENT PLANT, SATNA (M.P.)
SHEELENDRA KUMAR UPADHYAY1, MAHENDRA KUMAR TIWARI2
1
Department of Agriculture Science, Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur (M.P.)
2
Department of Environmental Science, AKS University, Satna (M.P.)
Study was carried out to assess the impact of cement industry pollution on some selected plant species around cement Plant. Effect of cement
dust deposition on germination, growth andchlorophyll content was studied in Sesamum indicum and Triticum species. Sampling was done at
different distance like 0.5 km, 1.0 km, 1.5 km, 2.0 km 2.5 km 3.0 km and 3.5 km from the cement industry. The chlorophyll pigments were
reduced in dust-exposed plant species compared with control site Pithaypur (2.5 km) and Narsinghpur (3.5 km) away from the Prism Cement
Plant Satna). Changes in germination, growthand chlorophyll content content were investigated in selected plant species exposed to dust
emitted by the cement industry. The concentration of chlorophyll in all the selected plant species i.e. Sesamum indicum and Triticum species
were investigated and noted that amount of Chlorophyll content in all plants that are away from cement plant have more germination, growth
and Chlorophyll content than that of near to the Cement Plant. Control plants were found always with higher germination, growth and
chlorophyll content in comparison to dusted plants. Up to 71.93% reduction was observed in studied plants in the year 2019-2020. In general,
pollution by the cement dust has caused adverse effects on the germination, growth of plants, internodel length, stomata function, respiration
rates, yield and quality traits.
Keywords: germination, chlorophyll content, Triticum species, Prism Cement Plant.
GNRSA-2020/664
DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN A FISH POND AT HISAR (HARYANA)
SHIKHA AHALAVAT* AND PUNEET KUMAR**
*Department of Zoology & Aquaculture, COBS&H, CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana)
**Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP)
The objectives of the study were to determine the distribution and diversity of planktons in the fish ponds. Water samples for plankton
analysis were collected monthly (January-December), along with water samples used for the determination of physico-chemical parameters in
250 ml bottles. The freshwater sample was mixed gently and pipetted into 5 ml plankton chamber containing 2 drops of Lugol’s solution. The
Lugol’s solution which served as fixative also enhanced sedimentation of the organisms and was left overnight before analyzing plankton
using Zeiss inverted plankton microscope and plankton determination keys. Data was analyzed using Shannon-Weaner diversity index,
species richness, means and analysis of varians (ANOVA). A total of 19 phytoplankton genera, 5 belonging to Chlorophyceae, 4 belonging to
Myxophyceae, 4 to Bacilariophyceae, 3 to Euglenophyceae and 3 to Desmidiaceae were recorded. Most diverse group among phytoplankton
population was Chlorophyceae (2.620), followed by Myxophyceae (2.528), Bacilariophyceae (2.321), Euglenophyceae (1.735) and the least
diverse group was Desmidiaceae (1.211).
Keywords: Phytoplankton, anthropogenic activity, diversity indices, diversity, richness, abundance, evenness and seasonal fluctuations.
GNRSA-2020/665
EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS, PLASTIC MULCHES AND TRAINING SYSTEMS ON SOIL TEMPERATURE, SOIL
MOISTURE AND TOMATO YIELD UNDER OPEN FIELD CONDITIONS
SHILPA*1, PRIYANKA BIJALWAN2, SHALINI SINGH3, Y R SHUKLA4, KULDEEP S THAKUR5, SANDEEP KANSAL6, AND M
L VERMA7
1*
Research Fellow,Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)- 176001, India
2
Research Fellow, DRDO, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand - 262501, India
3
PhD (Vegetable Science),Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,
Solan (Himachal Pradesh)- 173230, India
4,5&6
Principal Scientist, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan
(Himachal Pradesh)- 173230, India
7
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and
Forestry, Nauni, Solan (Himachal Pradesh)- 173230, India
The present investigation was carried out to study the performance of tomato (var. Solan Lalima) crop under open field conditions with two
different planting methods, three types of mulch treatments and two types of training systems. This experiment was conducted at Vegetable
Research Farm of DR YSP, UHF, Nauni, Solan during the period from March to September, 2017-18 and similarly for the period from March
to September, 2018-19. The highest soil temperature was recorded under black mulch followed by silver/black polythene mulch and no
mulch plot treatments during the standard meteorological week (March to September). It was found to be higher by about 1 to 10ºC as
compared to no mulch plot. Soil moisture was found to be higher in those treatments where silver/black mulch was used as compared to black
mulch plot under the open field conditions. But there was no definite pattern observed under mulched or no mulched conditions. Highest
yield (140.71 kg/plot) was obtained under the raised bed planting system, black mulch and two stem training system and the corresponding
value being 136.16 kg/plot for raised bed planting method, silver/black mulch and two stem training system.
Key words: Plastic mulch, Soil moisture, Soil temperature, Tomato, Yields.
GNRSA-2020/666
STUDIES ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DANGI CATTLE IN THEIR BREEDING TRACT OF MAHARASHTRA
SHINDE, D.B.1*, THOMBRE, B.M.2 AND KAKADE P.A.3

Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Parbhani- 431
402, India.
In the present investigation the productive performance of Dangi cattle at various stages of growth were studied at different locations in the
breeding tract. The idea behind the collection of data in breeding tract of Dangi cattle from the farmers and breeders herd of Dangi rather than
on the organized farm to obtain the real picture of productive performance of breed in the breeding tract. The productive traits often help in
judging the economic value of the animal. The improvement in productive characteristics of indigenous breeds has become essential to make
the economically viable dairy animals.
Keywords: Productive performance, Economic value, judging
GNRSA-2020/667
IDENTIFICATION OF GENOMIC REGIONS FOR FLOWER RELATED TRAITS IN ROSE VARIETIES USING MOLECULAR
MARKERS
SHISA ULLAS P.1, NAMITA1*, M. K. SINGH1, SAPNA PANWAR1, AMITHA MITHRA SEVANTHI2 AND AKSHAY
TALUKDAR3
1
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, 3 Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
2
ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi-110012
Rose is one of the most economically important ornamental crops and is sold as cut flowers, pot roses and garden roses. Rose is an interesting
crop for association studies because its cultivars are extremely polymorphic, and many traits can be studied simultaneously in populations of
moderate size. Identifying molecular markers linked to important traits can play role in breeding programme through efficient investigations
and introgression of desirable genes in desirable genetic background. A diverse collection of 96 rose genotypes were evaluated to identify the
genomic regions associated with flower related traits in rose. The significant phenotypic trait variations among rose genotypes indicated the
suitability of the constituted association mapping panel for association studies. Out of different polymorphic markers studied, 53 markers
were found polymorphic. Genotyping of varieties was done using polymorphic SSR markers. Population structure analysis performed using
genotypic data revealed four distinct subpopulations. Subsequently association analysis computed by General Linear Model (GLM) using
TASSEL resulted in the identification of SSR markers associated with flower related traits. The markers considered significantly associated
with the trait of interest, at probability value (P = <0.01). MK-120947, MK-117697, MK-124082 and 679 showed association with flower
diameter. Rh-72 were associated with number of petals per flower, petal length and petal width. Markers associated with economically
important traits in rose were identified which may be used for transferring of genes in desirable genetic background. Identified genomic
regions provide information for marker assisted selection for important flower related traits in rose genetic improvement. This is the first
report on marker trait association studies in rose in India.
GNRSA-2020/668
MANAGEMENT OF SPOT BLOTCH (BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA) OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.), USING BIO-
AGENT AND FUNGICIDES.
SHIV SHANKAR PATEL1,2*, SHIV PRATAP SINGH1, ASHWANI KUMAR PATEL1,2, VANDANA SAHU2, PHANINDRA P V2
1
Department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad
2
Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop after rice in India, which suffers from a number of devastating diseases
caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses. Among the fungal diseases, spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is the most vital disease of
wheat in Northern Eastern Plain Zone of India (NEPZ). The initial symptoms of the disease appear as small spot, light brown in colour and
increase in size with stage advancement. In later stages the spots coalesce to form oval to oblong shape measuring 0.5-10 mm × 3-5 mm in
diameter. The disease causes considerable grain yield loss ranging from 18-22 percent. The field experiment was done with eleven different
treatments including check with combinations of five different fungicides viz., Propiconazole 25% EC, Folicure (Tebuconazole 25 % EC),
Hexaconazole 5% EC, Nativo 75 WG (Tebuconazole 50 % + Trifloxystrobin 25 %) applied as foliar spray. However, the fungicide Vitavax
Power 75 WP and one bio-agent Pseudomonas fluorescence used as seed treatment for the management of the disease in the year 2017-18.
The percent disease incidence (PDI) indicated that seed treatment with Vitavax Power 75 WP @ 2.5g/kg seed and two foliar spray of
Propiconazole 25% EC @ 0.1 per cent, one at boot leaf stage and another after 20 days of the first spray, reduced the disease incidence 32.96
per cent. However, the 1000 grain weight (41.52g), yield q/ha (38.58), avoidable yield loss (19.31 %) and percent increase in yield (23.93 %)
were also recorded highest in the aforesaid treatment as compared to the other treatments.
Keywords: NEPZ, spot blotch, Bipolaris sorokiniana, fungicides, bio-agent. Pseudomonas fluorescence
GNRSA-2020/669
RECENT APPROACHES FOR PLANT DISEASE DETECTION
SHIVAM MAURYA1, POONAM KUMARI2, MD. SARFRAZ AHMAD3 AND DALIP4
1, 2
Department of Plant Pathology,
Sri karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan – 303329, India
3,4
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,
Sri karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan – 303329, India
Food losses due to crop infections from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi are persistent issues in agriculture for centuries across
the globe. In order to minimize the disease induced damage in crops during growth, harvest and postharvest processing, as well as to
maximize productivity and ensure agricultural sustainability, advanced disease detection and prevention in crops are imperative. This paper
reviews the direct and indirect disease identification methods currently used in agriculture. Laboratory-based techniques such as polymerase
chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence (IF), fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),
flow cytometry (FCM) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are some of the direct detection methods. Indirect methods
include thermography, fluorescence imaging and hyperspectral techniques. Finally, the review also provides a comprehensive overview of
biosensors based on highly selective bio-recognition elements such as enzyme, antibody, DNA/RNA and bacteriophage as a new tool for the
early identification of crop diseases.
Keywords: food loss; plant pathogen; volatile organic compounds; sensor; enzyme; antibody; bacteriophage
GNRSA-2020/670
EVALUATION OF WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST SPOT BLOTCH DISEASE
SHIVAM SINGH, S.P. SINGH, JAISH RAJ YADAV, PALLAVI SINGH, DIBYA AND SANDEEP KUMAR 1
Department Of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224229 (U.P.)
India.
1
C.C.S. P.G. College Padmapur, Pandavnagar, Basti (U.P.)
The present investigation regarding to Studies on spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokinanan) of wheat and its management was carried out during
rabi 2018-19 at SIF and laboratory of department of Plant Pathology, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, kumarganj,
Ayodhya (U.P.), India. The disease was reported in all the wheat growing areas of U.P. Two hundred fifty wheat genotypes were screened
against spot blotch disease under artificially inoculated field conditions. None of the genotype/lines were found immune and highly
susceptible. Out of 250 genotypes, fifty five genotypes was found resistant namely NHTSZ-1804,NHLSZ-1801,NHLSZ-1806, NHLSZ-1807,
NHLSZ-1809, NHLSZ-1810,NW-TS-102, NW-TS-104, NW-TS-105, NW-TS-109, NW-TS-110,NW-LS-201, NW-LS-202,NW-RI-305,NE-
IR-103, NE-IR-104, NE-IR-106,NE-IR-109, NE-IR-110,NE-IR-111,NE-RI-301, NE-RI-304, NE-Discussion 72, RI-307, NE-RI-308,PZ-RI-
309,SPL-HYPT-7, SPL-HYPT-8, SPL-HYPT-10, SPL-HYPT-12, SPL-HYPT-13,SPL-ASF-101, SPL-ASF-104, SPL-ASF-107,N-101, N-
102, N-104, N-105, N-106, N-107, N-111, N-113, N-115, N-118, N-119, N-123, N-124, N-126, N-127, N-132, N-136, N-201, N-212, N-215,
N-223, N-333 (score 12-24), ninety six genotypes were found moderately resistant, Seventy two genotypes were found moderately
susceptible and Twenty eight genotypes were found susceptible against B. sorokiniana.
GNRSA-2020/671
VARIABILITY IN PLANT PATHOGEN AND TOOLS FOR ITS CHARACTERIZATION
SHIVAM SINGH, R. S. MISHRA, JAISH RAJ YADAV, MANISH KUMAR MAURYA AND PALLAVI SINGH
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP) 224229
Loss in crop yield is mainly due to the biotic stress which is caused by several fungi, bacteria and viruses. Successful management of any
crop disease is depend on the efficient detection of pathogen, amount of genetic and pathogenic variability present in pathogen etc.
Breakdown of resistance in any cultivar is due to the variability present in the pathogen population. Mechanism of variability in fungi
includes mutation, recombination, heterokaryosis, parasexualism, heteroploidy and in bacteria are conjugation, transformation and
transduction. Mechanism of variability in virus is due to recombination, reassortment and mutation. There are mainly two tools for
characterization of variability in pathogens. One is traditional method i.e. by cultural, morphological and pathogenic characters. Other is
molecular or biotechnological method in which various PCR and NON-PCR based markers are used. NON-PCR based marker is RFLP and
PCR based markers used is AFLP, RAPD, SSR and others.
GNRSA-2020/672
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT A WAY TO DOUBLE FARMERS INCOME
1
SHIVANI CHAUDHARY, 2JUHI PANDEY AND 2VIVEK SINGH
1
Department of Plant Pathology, 2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ANDUAT Kumarganj, Ayodhya
In India, agriculture holds a prime role in the socio- economic fabric. Agriculture and allied sectors is the backbone of the Indian economy
and employs more than 50% of total work force in India and contributes around 17- 18% to the country’s GDP which is further to be boosted
by 6.2% by 2020. Crop protection practices can be used to double farmers income in which Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a major
part. In IPM crop protection is done through cultural or physical, chemical and biological methods. In this there are three stages of farming
where the practices should be applied which are pre-sowing and sowing, post sowing and harvesting. It is applied to protect crops from
insects, pests, diseases and weeds. IPM is adopted both in developed as well as developing countries for long term sustainable agriculture that
acquires safe, adequate and quality food production. IPM consists of three main components which are prevention, monitoring and
intervention. To increase their income farmers should use the management techniques judiciously to increase the overall yield of the crop
across the value chain, not only in rise in income but also increasing their profitability with significant slowdown in crop losses. It is observed
that annual crop loos could be doubled if the insects and pests are not controlled. IPM is used to reduce insect pest attack there by boosting
crop yield and thereby, increasing income of the farmers.
Keywords: socio-economic, crop protection, prevention, intervention.
GNRSA-2020/673
UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ICT TOOLS AMONG FARM WOMEN
SHIVANI JHA1*, S.K. KASHYAP2 AND SMRITI SINGH3
1*
PHD Scholar, Punjab agricultural university, Ludhiana, Punjab, 2Dean, College of agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
3
PHD Scholar, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand.
Agriculture is the base of Indian economy. About 70 percent population lives in village out of which primarily 47 percent workforce is in
agriculture (FAO 2011). Thus, we can say that Indian economy is primarily an agrarian economy. Farm women play an important and crucial
role in agricultural development. Agriculture sector employs 80 percent of all economically active women out of which 33 percent constitute
the agriculture labour force and 48 percent are self-employed (OXFAM, 2018). Around 70 percent of all women engaged in cultivation are
from households witnessing migration (NSSO, 2013). The study was conducted in 4 villages of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand
by personally interviewing 120 farm women through a pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that all the respondents (100%) have
access to Mobile Phone whereas 86 percent of respondents have access to Television followed by 19 percent respondents also had access to
radio, 45 percent respondents had access to internet and 10 percent respondents had access to computer. Study revealed that 79.16 per cent of
the respondents were using Mobile daily whereas 61.66 percent of respondents watched Television daily and 12.5 percent of respondents
used internet daily whereas only 1.66 percent of respondents used radio daily.
GNRSA-2020/674
SUSTAINABLE WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
SHIVANI RANJAN*, SUMIT SOW
PG Scholar, Department of Agronomy, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur- 813210
Sustainable crop production is necessary to ensure global food security and environmental safety. Conservation agriculture (CA)is widely
increasing in the world due to its sustainable approaches such as permanent soil cover, minimal soil disturbance, planned crop rotations and
reducing labor needs.Weed control is the biggest challenge to CA adoption. Weed ecology and management is different in CA than in
conventional agriculture. It is due to reduced tillage of the soil and the flora that thrives in CA. Reduced tillage systems affect the efficacy of
herbicides and mechanical weed control measures. The increasing reliance on herbicides and usage of herbicide-resistant crops in CA can
also lead to changes in weed population dynamics and occurrence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes.So, it is an important task to find out
the differences and to fabricate new management options.Approaches such as stale seedbed practice, uniform and dense crop establishment,
modified tillage operations, bioherbicides, chemical herbicides, allelopathy, and crop nutrition use of cover crops and crop residues as mulch,
crop rotations, and practices for enhanced crop competiveness with a combination of pre and post-emergence herbicides could be integrated
to develop sustainable and effective weed management strategies under CA systems. Integrated weed management technologies involving the
time tested cultural practices, viz. competitive crop cultivars, intercrops with allelopathic potential, crop diversification, planting geometry,
efficient nutrient and water management, etc., along with limited and site-specific herbicide application. The modern seeding equipment, e.g.
‘Happy Seeder’ technology, that helps in managing weeds through retention of crop residues as mulches, besides providing efficient seeding
and fertilizer placement, shows the promise of becoming an integral part of CA system. Therefore, integrating all these weed management
practices will help to grow crops sustainably in CA system.
Keywords: Allelopathy, Crop diversification, Mulch, Integrated weed management, Weed population dynamics.
GNRSA-2020/675
INFLUENCE OF BLANCHING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON VITAMIN C, Β-CAROTENE AND CHLOROPHYLL
CONTENT OF DRUMSTICK (MORINGA OLEIFERA) LEAVES
SHOBHIT*AND ALKA SHARMA
Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Sci. & Tech., Hisar, Haryana, India
Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) locally known as sohanjana or sahjan and horseradish is considered as “superfood” or “miracle tree” because
of its exceptionally nutritious value as almost it’s every part can be utilized for food or other beneficial applications. Its leaves contain high
amount of vitamin C, β-carotene, protein, fiber, fats, minerals, essential amino acids etc. The leaves are also rich source of beneficial
phytochemicals which have many medicinal uses. It is a fast growing and drought tolerant tree. In India, it is cultivated on an area of about
0.4 lakh hectares which produces about 80% of the world moringa leaves. Deterioration of nutritional qualities of foods during storage is
mainly caused by enzymes. Blanching is often used as a pre-treatment prior to freezing, drying, or canning in the food industry to slow down
or stops enzymatic action in order to preserve flavor, color, texture, retain nutritional value and protect the bioactive ingredients. Blanching is
useful if done properly, however, both under-blanching and over-blanching are undesirable. It has been reported useful in many crop plants
but very meager information available regarding blanching of moringa leaves. In view of this, the present study on blanching of moringa
leaves with hot water at 75, 80, 85, 90 and 95°C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds as well as steam blanching for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes was
undertaken to optimize the process of blanching. The results revealed that vitamin C(ascorbic acid) content decreased with the increasing
blanching temperatures. It was significantly higher under hot water blanching at 75°C as compared to blanching at other temperatures as well
as steam blanching. The blanching of leaves for a period of 120 seconds significantly reduced ascorbic acid content as compared to 30 and 60
seconds which were at par to 90 seconds. Hot water blanching at 85°C recorded significantly higher β-carotene, chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll
‘b’ and total chlorophyll content as compared to other blanching temperatures as well as steam blanching treatments. β-carotene contents with
75 and 80°C were even significantly lower than 90 and 95°C blanching temperatures. The blanching time of 60seconds maintained
significantly higher β-carotene and total chlorophyll content as compared to other blanching time. However, the retention of chlorophyll ‘a’
in leaves was at par with blanching time of 60 and 90 seconds and chlorophyll ‘b’ was significantly highest with blanching time of 90
seconds as compared to other blanching times.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, blanching temperature, blanching time, vitamin C, β-carotene, chlorophyll content.
GNRSA-2020/676
FOOD SECURITY THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY
SHREEJA KULLA AND JYOTHIRMAYI M
Research Scholar, PGRC, PJTS Agricultural University, Hyderabad
Increasing global population and ensuring food security for all are the burning topics at all the government levels. FAO reported that two
billion people experienced hunger or did not have regular access to nutritious and sufficient food in 2019. This situation could deteriorate if
we do not act immediately and boldly. So, a big question is “whether the agricultural production feed us now and in the future?”. It might be
possible when agriculture relies on biotechnology. There are a range of biotechnological approaches, both traditional ones such as
fermentation and selective breeding techniques, and modern ones such as genomics, genetic engineering and molecular breeding which can
contribute towards achieving food and nutrition security. The uses of modern biotechnology include increasing yields while reducing inputs
of herbicides, fertilizers and insecticides, conferring drought or salt tolerance on crop plants, increasing shelf- life, reducing postharvest losses
and increasing the nutrient content of produce. ICRISAT and ICAR have developed improved lines of chickpea (tolerant to drought),
groundnut (resistant to foliar disease and having high Oleic acid content), pearl millet (resistant to downy mildew and having high iron and
zinc contents) and sorghum (tolerant to drought). Works on molecular breeding at ICRISAT have led to the development of chickpea lines
with enhanced drought tolerance increased 10-20% of yields than the existing varieties. Farm scale trials in China of GM rice (resistant to
insect larvae) showed 80% less pesticide use and yields increased by 6-9%. The application of biotechnology could not only reduce hunger
and food insecurity but also address health problems through nutritional security (Vitamin A, iron, zinc, essential fatty acids etc.,). Continued
research advancements in this field can increase productivity, leading to improved livelihoods at lower costs of production per crop.
GNRSA-2020/677
IDENTIFICATION OF HETEROBELTOSIS FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN MUNGBEAN
SHRINKHALA T PAWALE
Sardarkrishinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, Sardarkrishinagar, Gujarat
Diallele analysis was performed using ten mungbean genotypes and their 45 F1 hybrids. The Experiment was laidwon Randomized block
Design (RBD) with three replications in karif 2012 at center of Excellence for Research on pulses, Sardarkrishinagar Dantiwada Agriculture
University, Sardarkrishinagar, Gujarat. The observation was recorded both as visual assessment ( Days to flowering and Days to Maturity)
and measurement on randomly selected five competitive individual Plants ( Plant height , Number of branches per plant, Pods per plant, Pod
length , sseed yield per plant and 100 seed weight and protein content).The Hybrid K-851 X Meha registered significant positive
heterobelotosis for seed yield per plant. Heterosis in seed yield per plant reflected mainly through pods per plant.
GNRSA-2020/678
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS IN PROGENIES OF ACACIA NILOTICA (L.)
SHUBHAM GUPTA, GYANARANJAN SAHOO AND AFAQ MAJID WANI* *
SHUATS, Prayagraj, UP, India
Efficient tree improvement strategies depend upon specific knowledge of genotype composition of population which was visualized by their
genetic parameters. The traits with high heritability along with high genetic gain is effective for further improvement programme, since they
indicate the heritable additive component of variance. In context to above discussion, acacia nilotica is a multipurpose tree; it provides
timber, fuel, food, shade, fodder, honey dye, gum and fences. Present study revealed significant variations between progenies (CPTs) for
genotypic and phynotypic coefficient of variance, heritability, genetic gain and genetic advance. Genotypic coefficient of variation ranged
between 1.32-20.34. however, height GCV was recorded for shoot/root ratio (20.34%) followed by dry shoot weight (15.34%) while lower
GCV were recorded for collar diameter (1.32). highly heritable traits were dry root weight (84.00), interndal length (74.00) and collar
diameter (71.00). while low heritability is shown by germination % (64.00). genetic gain ranged from (0.29-27.17) and recorded highest for
dry root weight (27.17) followed by dry shoot weight (25.98), shoot/root ratio (19.41) and fresh shoot weight (18.69) while lowest for
intermodal length (0.29).
Keywords: GCV, PCV, Heritability, genetic advance, Acacia nilotica, Morphological traits.
GNRSA-2020/679
NATURAL CULTIVATING; STRATEGY, FAVORABLE CIRCUMSTANCES AND NEGATIVES ANGLES… NATURAL
CULTIVATING CYCLE, BENEFIT AND DEVELOPMENT
SHUBHAM
Dyal Singh College, Karnal (132001), Haryana
The hankering for a prudent cultivating is comprehensive, yet simultaneousness on the most ideal approach to progress towards it remains
dangerous. How much the possibility of efficient cultivating has any operational significance is discussed. Practicality is viewed as relating to
characteristic developing - a section growing rapidly in various countries. The employment of rule and the use of fabricated agrochemicals,
the ideal degree of autonomy of cultivating structures, and the size of creation and trade agrarian product are completely considered
concerning this discussion of acceptability.
Key words:Sustainability, agrochemicals, economical, agriculture, conservation etc.
GNRSA-2020/680
SOILS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT
SHUBHAM*1, UDAY SHARMA1, SHALINI SINGH2
1
Department of Soil Science & Water Management, Dr. YSP UHF Nauni 173 230, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
2
Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YSP UHF Nauni 173 230, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
The state covers an area of 55,673 sq km and constitutes 1.69% of the total geographical area of country. Himachal Pradesh is situated in
lower Himalayan region with numerous mountain ranges and rich natural resources. It is embellished with mountains situated at 30°22'40"
East latitude and 33°12’20" North latitudes and 75°45'55" and 79°04'20" East longitudes (Kayastha, 1971). The altitude ranges varies from
320 m to 6,000 m. There is a preponderance of tiny holdings in the state, more than 85 per cent of the holdings are small and marginal
owning less than two hectares of land and accounting for about 51 per cent of the operated area. The overall average size of holdings is 1.10
hectares (Anonymous,2016). HP is divided into four agro-climatic zones based on the altitude and other climatological parameters. The
average rainfall is around 1800 mm. Physiographically, the area is divided into 4 main regions viz., Greater Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas,
Shiwaliks and Alluvial Plains. Taxonomically, Himachal Pradesh is classified into 14 types of soil, the soils of Greater Himalayas is divided
into 5 types, the soils of Lesser Himalayas is of 3 types, the soils of Shiwaliks is of 4 types and the Soils of Alluvial Plains is of 2 in count.
There are 4 major soil orders i.e. Entisols (51.5%), Inceptisols (19.7%), Mollisols (0.8%), Alfisols (0.4%) and Rock outcrops covers the 27.7
per cent area of total geographic area of Himachal Pradesh (Sidhu et al., 2007). There are nine major groups of soils viz., Alluvial soils,
Brown hill soils, Non-Calcic Brown soils, Brown Forest soils, Grey Wooded Soils, Grey Brown Podzolic soils, Planosolic Soils, Humus and
Iron Podzols, Alpine Humus Mountain Skeletal Soils (Verma and Tripathi, 1982; Verma et al., 1985 and Singh et al., 1996). The information
of soil erosion, depth and pH is useful for diagnosis of problem and potential of soil. Out of the total geographical area, 53.8 per cent area is
affected by water erosion, 23.1 per cent area is affected by stoniness and 18 percent of total geographic area is suffered from shallowness in
this state (Sidhu et al., 2007). Agronomic and engineering practices like contour farming, contour strip-cropping, terraces, diversions,
Contour buffer strips, field borders, filter strips, riparian forest buffers, organic matter application, liming and construction of Poly houses
showed good results by reducing the extent of these problems and hence are being adopted by the farmers and scientists of the state.
GNRSA-2020/681
A REVIEW ON PADDY-STRAW MUSHROOM PRODUCTION AND INCIDENCE OF CONTESTANT MOLDS
SIDDHANTA KUMAR BISOYI1, SUBRATA CHATTERJEE1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*
1
2
Mushrooms are popular for their nutritive and flavored food value. Among that paddy straw mushroom (Volvaiella volvacea)is popular for its
flavor, taste and high protein content. There is a huge demand in eastern states like odisha and west Bengal. Favorable environment helps for
mushroom production in that area. It needs temperature (25-35 C) and relative humidity 80-90% for proper growth and development. Various
methods are used to enhance the biological efficiency of Volvaiella volvacea but cage method is best method for cultivation. It has low
production cost and cropping duration of approximately of 15 days. It grows well in both outdoors and indoors conditions. However, various
contestant moulds overrun the beds at different stages of crop growth and reduce the productivity. Aspergillus spp., Coprinus spp. And
Rhizopus sp. is frequently seen in mushroom beds in both outdoor and indoor conditions. There are different chemical methods to control
these molds. After the cultivation of mushrooms the leftover can be used for compost or when used in soil it helps to prevent plants from soil
borne pathogens.
Keywords: Volvaiella volvacea, productivity, food value, Mushroom, Coprinus spp., compost, biological efficiency.
GNRSA-2020/682
INFLUENCE OF ALTITUDINAL VARIATION ON GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SEED CHARACTERISTICS OF A HIGH
DEMAND AND ENDANGERED HIMALAYAN MEDICINAL PLANT, VALERIANA JATAMANSI
SIDDHARTHA SHANKAR SHARMA
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal-736165
The Great Himalaya is the main, origin and biodiversity centre for many valuable medicinal and aromatic plants. Therapeutically medicinal
plant species acclimatize themselves with varying soil, topography and climatic conditions for their growth and development. Many of the
medicinal plants are endemic to Indian Himalayan region. Over exploitation of these valuable medicinal plants are quite regular to meet the
growing population demand. Due to this cause different valuable medicinal plants species are in the queue of extinction.It would be very
difficult for these species to counter the anthropogenic destruction to re-establish again. Valeriana jatamansi have now been enlisted as an
endangered species in the National Medicinal Plant Board, New Delhi (www.nmpb.nic.in). Cultivation of wild species and its sustainable
harvesting (Ticktin, 2004) are two important measures to conserve species germplasm. Moreover by adopting scientific method of harvesting
and judicial use of resources will neutralize the current crisis as well as future demand. Current research deals with the variation created in
such medicinal plants due to acclimatization of high altitude plants to lower altitude. Among these research, morphological changes observed
in the seed characters of the above mentioned crop. The seeds were loaded with feathery structure at crown. In the present study, findings
were in between the flower behaviour of Valeriana jatamansi from its native place higher altitude (Kalimpong, W. B.- 1097 mASL) plants
and consecutive 2 year exposed lower altitude(UBKV, W. B.- 43 mASL)plants. All of the traits that were considered show significant
difference among the two altitudes. The trait largest single feather length from the crown shows a higher value (1468.31µ) and a lower value
(1330.58µ) for the former and for the later respectively. Total feathery crown diameter at centre and outside were 201.27 µ, 254.34 µ and
2579.42 µ, 25522.62 µ for former and later respectively. Total number of feather was observed lesser value of 11.51 µ for former and higher
value of 11.99 µ for later. Total seed length was found to be 759.37 µ (higher) and 330.52 µ (lower) for former and later respectively.
Moreover seed diameter was found to be more (373.30 µ) for lower altitude and less (340.98 µ) for higher altitude plants. This variation study
leads to genotypic improvement of the endangered medicinal plants and can be helpful for further genotypic improvement through pollination
behavioural control. These studies may serve better performance and acclimatization of the plant.
Key words:acclimatization,endangered, Feathery Seed, Genotypic improvement therapeutically.
GNRSA-2020/683
LACTULOSE: A UNIQUE DERIVATIVE OF MILK SUGAR
SINDHAV ROHIT G.1, TANMAY HAZRA1, SUDHEENDRA CVK1 AND SUBHASH PRASAD1
1
Assistant Professor, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Amreli, Gujarat-365601
Lactulose, is a disaccharide having prebiotic activity. It is the isomerized form of lactose with chemical formula 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-
D-fructofuranose and molecular weight of 342.30 g /mol. It is composed of galactose and fructose, those are linked with β-1, 4-glycosidic
linkage. The intensity of sweetness for lactulose is higher than lactose but lesser than sucrose. Lactulose can be derived or prepared from
lactose by different protocols like chemical, electro-activation or enzymatic. The versatile applications of lactulose are well acknowledged by
dairy, food and pharma industries since long time. The effect of lactulose is well acknowledged for the treatment of constipations as well as
controlling insulin, blood glucose level, serum lipids etc.
Keywords: Lactulose, prebiotic, insulin, lactose
GNRSA-2020/684
THE ROLE OF BIOFILM EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN THE BIOCONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES
SIRIVELLA NAVEENA
M.Sc. Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, DR.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University
Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar.
Biofilm can be defined as “Highly structured and surface attached communities of the cells encased with in a self-produced extracellular
polymeric substsance matrix.” A huge variety of biopolymers such as polysaccharides, polyesters and polyamides are naturally produced by
micro-organisms. Biofilms are formed by the bacteria that colonizing plants (eg. Pseudomonas) and some of the nitrogen fixing symbionts on
legume roots and inert surfaces (eg.Rhizobium leguminosarum). Recently, it has been reported that B. subtilis forms adhering biofilms on
inert surfaces under the control of a variety of transcription factors used infection model and demonstrated the biocontrol ability of a wild-
type B. subtilis strain 6051 against P. syringae. Root-associated pseudomonads have been studied extensively, which promote the growth of
host plants or are used as biocontrol agents.The use of microorganisms to control plant diseases offers an attractive alternative to the use of
synthetic chemicals. The abundance of a beneficial strain of microorganism in the vicinity of plant roots may suppress plant pathogens
without producing lasting effects on the rest of the soil microbial and plant communities. Biofilms serve as a new model system for the study
of microbial development.
GNRSA-2020/685
WILD EDIBLE PLANTS AND PROVISIONING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FROM FORESTS: HOW FAR THEY CONTRIBUTE
FOR FOOD, NUTRITION AND LIVELIHOODS AMONG INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES
SL SWAMY *AND ALKA MISHRA1,
*College of Agriculture, Katghora-Korba, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, (CG.), India
Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas University (GGU), Bilaspur (CG) India
Despite a widespread evidence of ecosystem services as well as role of biodiversity in well being of human-nature in diverse landscapes is
still understudied. The present study attempts to understand the critical provisioning ecosystem service benefits derived from wild edible
plants (WEPs) and coping strategies in building socio cultural and ecosystem resilience during the pandemic era of COVID among
indigenous communities of Achanakmaar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) of Central India. A sum total of 172 wild edible plants
comprising 56 leafy vegetables, 4 shoots and twigs, 70 fruits, seeds & nuts, 23 underground tubers, 19 mushrooms were collected, most of
them were consumed by communities and few demanding edibles locally marketed for securing livelihood and household. The collection of
wild edibles plants by households was in the order: flowers > fruits > leaves > legumes and pods > other non edible NTFP (Sal gum, Mahul
leaves, Karaya gum, Tendu leaves, Medicinal plants, honey, gums, dyes) > tubers > mushrooms. The WEPs served as a source of food,
medicine, timber, fire wood, nutrition, recreation, rituals and livelihoods among different communities in their socio-cultural milieu. Ethnicity
and location differences affected perception and values of ecosystem services derived from WEPs. The remarkable ethnic and locational
differences were pronounced on utilization of wild edibles as these were more popular among the Baiga community because of their greater
traditional knowledge and heritage followed by Gond, Kols and Oraons. The frequency of use of wild edibles was highest in the core zone
and lowest in the transition zone, which contributed for 5-24% of household income. The study also revealed that livelihoods and economy
are intricately linked to traditions and values that are deeply rooted in the culture of indigenous people. Annual household income of
communities were derived from diverse sources (Wild edibles, Agriculture and allied activities, labour and sale other NTFPs), which varied
from Rs 12000 to 14000/, Rs 6937 to 24000/- and Rs 3559-26400/- in core, buffer and transition zones, respectively. The wild edibles
contributed for 5-24% of household income, which was highest in the core zone and lowest in the transition zone, while these accounted for
only 11% and 5% to total income in buffer and transition zones, respectively. The middlemen were exploiting poor communities by procuring
the valuable WEPs at nominal prices; therefore it is suggested to develop appropriate mechanisms and institutional arrangements for
marketing of WEPs at assured support prices at least for a range of commodities so that the actual benefits could reach primary collectors.
Further, it is possible to enhance the income levels by 2-3 times through primary processing and value addition especially for demanding
WEPs, which can be easily sold in local markets. The facilities of primary processing in cluster approach mode need to be developed for
enhancing value addition of selected WEPs. The study also found that diets of indigenous communities were cereal based, while the
consumption of pulses, vegetables, fruits, tubers, milk, meat, sugar and fats were rather less than the recommended dietary allowances
(RDA). Overall, the intake of food items among indigenous communities of AABR as compared RDA were lower by 39.2%, 10.3%, 23.7%,
30.6%, 44.4%, 71%, 48.7% and 43.2% for pulses, vegetables, fruits, tubers, milk, meat, sugar and fats, respectively. Wild edibles especially
leafy vegetables, legume pods, other vegetables, fruits, flowers, mushrooms, roots and tubers had contributed to supplementing micro and
macro nutrients. The intake was higher among indigenous communities in core followed by buffer and transition zones of AABR. The
contribution for macro nutrients ranged from 1.1% to 13.5% and was in the order: fats > carbohydrates > proteins. Similarly, the WEPs
accounted a higher level to micro nutrients especially for ascorbic acid, calcium and thiamine compared to riboflavin, niacin and iron. The
wild edibles contributed from 1.1% to 73% for different micronutrients. On the other hand, WEPs have contributed in supplementing the
requirements of energy, proteins, fats, minerals and micronutrients. However, the present levels of consumption appear to be inadequate but
they have potential to meet the total dietary requirements as per the recommendation if these can be consumed in appropriate portions and
sizes, which will not only add diversity to traditional diets but also overcome nutrient deficiencies especially in core and buffer zones, where
both the communities and WEPs are largely concentrated. Faulty harvesting and encroachments were the main reasons for loss of diversity of
WEPs in some patches. The study evolved the intricacies of the unscientific and overexploitation leading to degeneration of valuable wild
edible fruits and vegetables affecting their frequency and abundance, therefore suitable management interventions were suggested to conserve
especially the vulnerable species by involving the indigenous communities. The conservation, management and promotion of WEPs in a
systematic and sustainable manner would not only improve provisioning ecosystem services but also build socio-economic resilience and
furthermore create novel opportunities of bioprospecting of potential resources for societal benefits, however the sensitive policies and
programmes should be evolved with fair and equitable sharing of benefits to communities in utilization of biological resources and
indigenous knowledge. Bioprospecting of the valuable species through fair and equitable sharing of bioresources and traditional knowledge
could improve livelihoods, biocultural needs and ecosystem services in AABR. The study provides baseline data on WEPs, highlighting
implications for evolving a strategic conservation plan of ecosystem provisioning services for improving food, fodder, medicine, nutrition,
timber, and livelihoods along with cultural benefits to enhance socio-ecological resilience under changing bio-cultural environment of
AABR, India.
Key words: Biodiversity; Ecosystem services; Food security; Livelihoods; Traditional knowledge, Wild Edible Plants
GNRSA-2020/686
WILD RELATIVES IN MAIZE IMPROVEMENT
SMRUTISHREE SAHOO1, N. K. SINGH2, SANJAY KUMAR SANADYA3
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, 1,2 G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand,
3
CSHPKV, Himachal Pradesh
Maize was domesticated from teosinte, the wild grass (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis) about 9000 years ago in the Balsas region of Southwest
Mexico. Two major genetic loci such as teosinte branched 1 (tb1) and teosinte glume architecture 1 (tga1) has played a pivotal role in
domestication. Domestication followed by artificial selection made maize a magical crop, however this phenomenon leads to loss of many
allelic forms of several beneficial traits. Teosinte, the wild relative, exhibits novel alleles for the agronomic traits like flowering and maturity,
plant growth, ear traits, kernel traits, yield, adaptation, nitrogen fixation and quality enhancers, stress resistance to drought, flooding, weed
Striga harmonthica, diseases like banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB), southern leaf blight, chlorotic dwarf virus, Fusarium, corn smut,
gray leaf spot (GLS), downey mildew, insects like, fall army worm (FAW), rootworms. Cross compatibility between maize and different
species of teosinte generates hybrids which ultimately help to enhance the climate resiliency and overcome the yield stagnation as a
requirement of demanding population. Evaluation of teosinte derived maize lines exhibits significant changes and diversification are
becoming helpful to identify several QTLs /gene of beneficial traits. Lack of comprehensive research on the wild species has kept these
valuable resources unnoticed. In this paper, we will discuss about kernel size and shape traits i.e. test weight (1000 seed weight) (g), kernel
width, kernel length, area, perimeter, length:width ratio, roundness and factor form density of seeds each for P1,P2 and F1 generation and
simple correlation analysis was analysed for the traits which shows significant positive association with 1000-kernel test weight. However,
several questions still arise about the heritability of the domestic trait variation from teosinte to maize.
GNRSA-2020/687
VIRUS-INDUCED GENE SILENCING: A POST TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING METHOD
SOMSHETTY RAVALI
Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Pathology, PJTSAU, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either
transcription or translation. Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) described as quelling in fungi and RNA interference (RNAi) in
animals. To specifically silence or knock down the expression of targeted gene in plants several approaches of PTGS have been developed.
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is one of the reverse genetics tools for analysis of gene function that uses viral vectors carrying a target
gene fragment to produce dsRNA which trigger RNA-mediated gene silencing. There are a number of viruses which have been modified to
silence the gene of interest effectively with a sequence-specific manner. Therefore, different types of methodologies have been advanced and
modified for VIGS approach. Virus-derived inoculations are performed on host plants using different methods such as agro-infiltration and in
vitro transcriptions. VIGS has many advantages compared to other loss of gene function approaches. The approach provides the generation of
rapid phenotype and no need for plant transformation. The cost of VIGS experiment is relatively low, and large-scale analysis of screening
studies can be achieved by the VIGS. However, there are still limitations of VIGS to be overcome. Nowadays, many virus-derived vectors are
optimized to silence more than one host plant such as TRV-derived viral vectors which are used for Arabidopsis and Nicothiana
benthamiana. By development of viral silencing systems monocot plants can also be targeted as silencing host in addition to dicotyledonous
plants. For instance, Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated VIGS allows silencing of barley and wheat genes.
GNRSA-2020/688
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DILUTION AND PH LEVELS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FERMENTATION OF
KOKUM MUST
SONALI P. PAWASKAR1, C. D. PAWAR2, RASIKA D. DHUMAL3,A. V. BHUWAD4, and J. J. KADAM5
1-4
Department of Horticulture, 5Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dr.BalasahebSawant Konkan
KrishiVidyapeeth,Dapoli-415 712, Ratnagiri, M.S., India
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of dilution of kokum juice (1:0, 1:0.5. 1:1.0, 1:1.5 and 1:2) and pH levels(3.5 and 4.0) on
chemical composition and fermentation of kokum must. From the study it was observed that reducing sugar, titratable acidity, anthocyanin
and tannin content of kokum must decreased, while total sugars increased with increase in dilution level. Total sugars and tannins showed
increasing trend with increase in pH levels while the titratable acidity, reducing sugars and anthocyanin showed a decreasing trend in must.
During fermentation T.S.S. and pH found to be decreased throughout the fermentation period and titratable acidity was increased. The yeast
count increased rapidly upto the 3rd day and later on it showed decreasing trend. Among the ten interactions of dilution and pH levels,
interaction D4P2 recordedbetter reduction in T.S.S. i.e. better fermentation of must to prepare wine.
Key words: kokum must, dilution levels, pH levels, fermentation
GNRSA-2020/689
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DILUTION AND PH LEVELS ON QUALITY OF KOKUM (GARCINIA INDICA CHOISY) WINE
SONALI P. PAWASKAR1, C. D. PAWAR2, A. V. BHUWAD 3, M. C. KASTURE4, S.B.PAVHANE5 and S. S. TENDULKAR6,
1,2,3,5,6
Department of Horticulture, 4Department of Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry,College of Agriculture, Dapoli,Dr. Balasaheb Sawant
Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415 712, Ratnagiri, M.S., India
The experiment, was laid out in Factorial completely randomized design with five dilution levels of kokum juice (1:0, 1:0.5. 1:1.0, 1:1.5 and
1:2) and two pH levels (3.5 and 4.0).T.S.S., reducing sugars and total sugars of wine followed decreasing trend withdilution levels except
both the sugars increased at higher dilutions (D4 and D5).The titratable acidity, anthocyanin and tannins recorded decreasing trend with
increase in dilution while pH showed increasing trend. Alcohol content increased from D 1 (7.83 %) to D4 (10.26%) and thereafter it decreased
at D5 (8.44%) level of dilution.The T.S.S., reducing sugars, total sugars, acidity, anthocyanin and tannins content of wine showed a
decreasing trend while pH and alcohol showed increasing trend with increase in pH level. The kokum wine prepared with 1.0:1.5 (juice:
water) dilution level and 3.5 pH along with 25 0B T.S.S. was found to be best considering the chemical composition and sensory evaluation of
wine.
Key words: Kokum wine, dilution levels, pH levels
GNRSA-2020/690
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES ON DOUBLING THE FARMER’S INCOME GENERATION SUSTAINABLY
UNDER NFSM
SONAM UPADHYAY, DR. N.K. KHARE, DR. VARSHAUPADHYAY
Department of Extension Education, JNKVV, Jabalpur
The study was carried out in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh with the objective to assess the impact of agricultural subsidies on doubling
the farmer’s income under National Food Security Mission (NFSM). The Mandla block was selected randomly. The proportionate random
sampling was used to make sample size 161. The study reveals that majority of tribal farmers have knowledge about subsidy in irrigation,
fertilizer, machinery etc. provided under National Food Security Mission (NFSM). Data revealed that majority of farmers (58.38%) had
complete knowledge about NFSM under which government is providing subsidy for tribal farmers, about half (48.44%) of tribal farmers
were using demonstration pattern under NFSM, while (42.85%) of farmers were taking subsidy in seed distribution and small proportion of
tribal farmers (30.43%) were buying farm machinery through subsidy provided under NFSM. Farmer’s age, education, land holding,
occupation, annual income, innovativeness, subsidy orientation and knowledge towards subsidy were found to be positively correlated with
income generation whereas, social participation, farm power, innovativeness and level of satisfaction were found negatively correlated with
income generation.
Keywords: Subsidies, Impact, Income generation of farmer’s, NFSM.
GNRSA-2020/691
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT: MODERN DEVELOPMENT, CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
SONI SINGH1, TARKESHWAR1*, SUJIT SINGH1, PUSHPANJALI KUSHWAHA2 AND GOVIND MISHRA1
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ANDUA&T, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.)
2
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SVPUA&T, Merrut, (U.P.)
Nanotechnology leads to agricultural controlling process, especially by its miniature measurement. Nanotechnology has been mainly used in
food production, plant protection, processing, packaging and transfer of agricultural products, food quality, safety and environmental
management. Additionally, many potential beneficial such as enhancement of food quality and safety, condensed of agricultural inputs,
enhancement of absorbing nanoscale nourishment from the soil, etc. allow the application of nanotechnology to be resonant load. Agriculture,
food product, and natural resources are a part of those challenge be fond of human health, susceptibility, sustainability, and healthy life. The
objective of nanomaterials in agriculture is to condense the quantity of spread chemicals, decrease nutrient losses in fertilization and enlarged
yield production during pest managing and nutrient management. Nanotechnology has the eventual to develop the agriculture and food
industry with new nanotools for the controlling of express disease indicative, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients along with
others. The extensive interests of uses nanotechnology in agricultural field includes precise applications similar to nanopesticides and
nanofertilizers to trail products and nutrients levels to enhance the production output without decontamination of waters, soils, and defence
against quite a lot of insect- pest and microganisms related diseases. Nanotech may proceed as sensors for monitoring soil clarity of
agricultural area and maintain the good health of the entire agricultural plants. This review maintains the earlier challenge of sustainability,
food safety and climate change that is exploring by the new researchers in the field of nanotechnology in the improvement of agriculture area.
Keywords: sustainable agriculture, nanotechnology, nanofertilizer, nanopesticides, nanoencapsulation.
GNRSA-2020/692
CONTRIBUTION OF INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS IN CLIMATE CHANGING SCENARIO
SOORAJ YADAV*, PUKHRAJ SINGH, AND LALIT KUMAR VERMA
Department of Agricultural Economics, J.V. College Baraut, Baghpat -250611 (U.P.)
The emergence of Integrated Farming Systems has enabled us to develop a framework for an alternative development model to improve the
feasibility of small-sized farming operations in relation to larger ones. Integrated Farming Systems works on the principle of the system of
systems. The integrated farming system refers to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop production or integrate fish and
livestock and may sometimes be known as Integrated Bio-systems. In this system, an interrelated set of enterprises used so that the “waste”
from one component becomes an input for another part of the system, which reduces cost and improves production and/or income. Integrated
farming systems seem to be the possible solution to the continuous increase of demand for food and nutrition, income stability and livelihood
upliftment particularly for small and marginal farmers with little resources. In India, out of 115 million operational holdings, more than 80
percent are marginal and small farmers. To fulfil the basic needs of these farm families including food (cereal, pulses, oilseeds, milk, fruit,
honey, meat etc.), feed fodder, fibre and fuel warrant attention about Integrated Farming System (IFS). Based on the research works
conducted all over the country it is clear that crop cultivation alone can't fulfil the demand of food and nutritional requirement of the country
and we have to focus on multi-component farming as it is the only way of efficient resource recycling within the system with increased
economic profitability, economic stability, enhanced soil sustainability, and preserving environmental quality and maintaining biological
diversity and ecological stability.
Keywords: Farming system, sustainability, employment, livelihood improvement, productivity
GNRSA-2020/693
COVID -19 IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE, POLICY RESPONSE AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY“AGRI - FOOD SECTOR
FATE AMIDST NATIONAL LOCKDOWN”
SOROKHAIBAM BIJAYALAKSHMI DEVI
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004, Manipur.
COVID-19 pandemic,a global health crisis that is already having devastating impacts on world economy.The strict lockdown imposed by the
Government of India on March 24 brought most economic activity to a hard stop. Though agriculture is exempted, majority of farmers are
scared to come out of their residence. Enough food is available globally but pandemic disrupts supply and demand in various
ways.Agricultural households report a 7 percent decline in expenditure on all fertilizers in 2020 compared to the 2019 sowing season. Around
60% India”s food supply and farmers income are dependent on kharif season but lockdown has hit both seasons. Smallholder farmers are a
crucial part of food value chain in India,as well as critical element of global food system. Covid-19 pandemic has brought new risks
threatening livelihoods as well as food security. The national lockdown came at unfortunate time for farmers. Consequently,farmers not able
to harvest their bumper crops of cereals and oilseeds. Making the food grains , fruits and vegetables and other essential items available to
consumers ,both in rural and urban areas is the most crucial challenge. India Central government have announced “three agricultural reforms”
for farmers considering country food security. There is greater need for government support in form of support for other agri cultural inputs.
Lack of any relief will only make the agricultural crisis worse more and more.
Keywords: Agriculture, COVID-19 pandemic, food security, lockdown, agricultural inputs.
GNRSA-2020/694
ECO-FRIENDLY FARM WASTE TO WEALTH THROUGH VERMICOMPOSTING- AN OVERVIEW
*SOURABH MAHESHWARI
Institute of Agricultural Sciences ,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP
Injudicious application of chemical fertilizers after introduction of Green Revolution, results in continuous deterioration in soil fertility.
Deficiency and decrease of organic matter, macronutrient, micronutrient, Trace element, earthworm population and beneficial microorganism
declined soil health. Keeping in view to above and to enhance the profitability of farmers by recycling of farm waste, vermicomposting is an
eco-friendly technology and base for sustainable agriculture. Livestock and crop production activities generate huge amount of biodegradable
waste. Scientific approach to handle this waste by converting it into value-added organic product like vermicompost, vermiwash and high
quality animal protein with the help of Earthworm generate profit and employment for rural youth , woman and farmers. These products
improve soil health, maintain clean environment, conserves soil & enhance population of beneficial Microbes. There are several species of
earthworm like Eudrilus eugeniae, Eisenia foetida, Perionyx excavates and Perionyx sansibarious have been identified as efficient
Earthworm to Harbour on Farm waste and produce vermicompost . These worm grind big particles into small particles by gizzard & the gut
of worm contain microorganisms and enzymes that help in processing of biodegradable wastes. Earthworm eats garbage more than their body
weight in one day and excretes about 33% into Vermicast to consumed amount of feed and helpful in maintaining clean environment of
village and Cities. Burning of farm waste raised concerned since last decades , vermicomposting help in reducing air pollution and decrease
greenhouse gases emission produce by burning of crop residues. The multiplication of earthworm and favorable microorganism (using
earthworm as a bioreactor) by utilizing organic waste add as additional source of income to Farmers. Liquid extracted from vermicompost
and waste of earthworm is termed as vermiwash which contain certain Plant Growth Regulators that promote plant to fully exploit its genetic
potential. In totality, vermicompost nutrient back to crops for increasing sustainable production in ecofriendly pollution free manner.
Keywords: Earthworm, vermicompost, vermiwash, ecofriendly, biodegradable, soil fertility
GNRSA-2020/695
NOVEL INNOVATIONS IN FLORICULTURE
SR BHAGWAT, SR DALAL, NS GUPTA, MS DESHMUKH AND NG RATHOD
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Floriculture is one of the most important branch of ornamental horticulture serving the people’s aesthetic sense. It is the fastest growing
sector in Indian Horticulture. The country has exported 16,949.37 MT of floriculture products to the world for the worth of Rs. 541.61
croresin 2019-20 (APEDA). In the recent past, floriculture has gained sound technology back up with the scientific advancement and
enthusiastic community to address the major concerns of floriculturists. In this decade, various novel innovations are immerging which is
giving a new place and value to the floriculture. Viz. Development of an efficient production system for commercial flower crops, use of
molecular breeding for modification of flower characters by genetic transformation. Different strategies being applied like hybridization,
mutation, polyploidy, genetic engineering to bred cultivars to develop new flower forms. eg. Double flower development in stock by
hybridization, variegated flower in bougainvillea by Gamma rays, double flower formation in Petunia hybrid by RNA mediated interference.
Novelty in flower colour eg. Blue rose, blue carnation. Novelty in flower fragrance- RNAi technology, transgenics and expressed sequence
tags are functional genomic tools for genetic engineering of floral scent. Development of quality control technologies for flower crops and
dry flower technologies. Bioluminescentorchid (glow in the dark) has been successfully developed by Prof. Chia TetFatt from the National
Institute of Education. A group of scientist in Pune have found high quality graphenin bougainvillea. From one kg flower 300 gm.of
grapheme can be extracted. This discovery may make the batteries cheaper and long lasting in future. However, more conscious efforts are
the need of hour to biotic and abiotic stresses, quality planting material, standardization of propagation techniques, exploiting new
ornamentals and more awareness of floriculture for socio-economic sustainability.
Key words: Floriculture, Novel innovations, Biotechnology.
GNRSA-2020/696
COMBINATION OF MANURES AND BIOFERTILIZER CONSORTIUM ON YIELD OF RICE FALLOW SORGHUM.
SREENIVASA REDDY.K1, PULLARAO.CH2, MARTIN LUTHER.M3AND PRASAD P.R.K4
1
Ph.D (Ag.) Student, Division of Agronomy, IARI, NewDelhi.
2
Professor (Retd.), Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), popularly called as jowar, is an important staple food crop in the world. It is one of the most
important cereal crops after wheat, rice, maize and barley. Sorghum isgrown for food in semi-arid tropics of India and occupies an area of
5.97 M ha with total production of 5.01 M t and a productivity of 1013 kg ha -1 (Agri.Stat. at a Glance, 2018). A field experiment entitled
“Effect of manures in combination with biofertilizer consortium on yield and quality of rice fallow sorghum” was conducted on sandy clay
loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatladuring rabi, 2018-19. The treatments consisted of T1: Control, T2: 100% Recommended dose
of fertilizers, T3: 50% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T4: 75% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T5: 100% RDF+BFC, T6: 125% RDF+
Biofertilizer consortium, T7: Biofertilizerconsortium. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and replicated
thrice with seven treatments. The results indicated that increased levels of fertilizer doses along with biofertilizer consortium significantly
increasedgrain and straw yields of sorghum. The maximum grain yield (4135 kg ha -1) and stover yield (7524 kg ha-1)were recorded with the
(T6) treatment but it remained on par with (T 5) treatment (3918 kg ha-1) and (T2) treatment (3854 kg ha-1). Percent increase in the grain yield
due to the treatments T6, T5 and T2 were43.5, 36, 33.8 observed respectively over control. The magnitude of increase in stover yield with T 6,
T5 and T2 were 36.0, 30.3 and 28.9 percent respectively increase over control (T1). Theresults manifested that, addition of inorganics in
combination with biofertilizers proved to be more efficient in improving the microbial population and soil health.
Key words: Biofertilizer, consortium, Inorganic fertilizers
GNRSA-2020/697
NUTRIENT AND UNUSED BIO-WASTE FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
SREYASHI KASHYAP* AND PRAVIN PRAKASH
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi U.P. 221005, India
Food security of India remains at risk due to continued population growth, stagnation in farm level productivity in intensive farming areas
and globalization poverty, low income, under nourishment and gradual deterioration of agri-environments. Despite frequent surplus food
stocks in recent times, there is a need to produce more. This additional quantity will have to be produced from same or even shrinking land
due to increasing competition for land, water and other resources by non-agricultural sector. National Academy of Agricultural Sciences
(1997) projected that 30-35 Mt of fertilizer nutrient would be required to meet food grain demand by 2020. India has become self-reliant in
food production after independence due to the green revolution technology which enabled a nearly fourfold increase in food production in the
last fifty years, but this achievement has been followed by browning and loud protests concerning the environmental effects. The excessive
use of fertilizers and insufficient use of organics has led to a decrease in soil fertility and health. Agricultural chemicals including pesticides,
hormones and antibiotics leave residues in soil that eventually get into the food chain causing the health and environmental problem.
Fertilizer nutrient costs are increasing day by day beyond small and marginal farmers are detrimental effects posed by imbalanced use of
fertilizers. The continued high analysis NPK fertilizer has led to occurrence of sulphur and micronutrient deficiencies. Thus, conservation and
efficient use of natural resources such as organics through agricultural wastes are the means to achieve sustainable high yields in food and
nutritional security as well as environmental safety.
Keywords:bio-waste, chemicals, pesticides
GNRSA-2020/698
ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
SUBARAN SINGH1*, AND SUPRIYA AMBAWAT2
1
Department of Biotechnology, Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal, Haryana
2
ICAR-AICRP on Pearl millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur -342304
The convergence of technology with the existing biological mechanisms occurring in the atoms and molecules at the nano level is called
nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the agricultural and food industry with new tools for the molecular
treatment of diseases, rapid disease detection, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients etc. It has several benefits to the society
especially in agriculture. It can deal with different issues related to agriculture like low productivity in cultivable areas, wastage of inputs like
water, fertilizers, pesticides, wastage of products and food security. Novel techniques using nanotechnology can be applied in agriculture for
breeding crops with higher levels of micronutrients, enhance pest detection and control and improve food processing. Carbon nanotubes have
the potential to sidestep the controversial genetically modified food and increase the yield of agricultural produce. Similarly, nanoporous
zeoliteshave been proved to be useful in enhancing and improving organic manure efficiency, herbicide efficiency, nitrogen and phophorus
use efficiency and used as fertlizers. Further, aluminum oxide nanofibres (Nano Ceram) are being used as a water purifier and nano-based
viral diagnostic kits and nano-vaccines are also available for diseases diagnosis in livestock. Thus, novel techniques applying nanotechnology
could contribute to improving the current situation, which in several parts of the globe is alarming and can ultimately enhance agricultural
productivity.
Keywords: Agriculture, Carbon tubes, Nanofertilizers, Nanotechnology, Zeolites.
GNRSA-2020/699
IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE SOURCES OF LENTIL AGAINST WILT DISEASE CAUSED BY FUSARIUM
OXYSPORUM f. sp. LENTIS
SUBHASH CHANDRA, RAJEEV KUMAR, MANISH KUMAR MAURYA, AJAY KUMAR 1, RAJENDRA PRASAD AND
KUMARI PUNAM2
Department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India
1
Department of Plant Pathology, Amar Singh College, Lakhaoti, Bulandshahr-203407, U.P., India
2
Department of Botany, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, Bihar, India
Lentil is affected by the wilt disease caused by fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentil which causes an economic yield loss. The fungus
seed and soil borne in nature and reported from almost all lentil growing areas where this crop is grown. The present study is carried out to
find the resistant sources against Fusarium wilt of lentil. 100 genotypes were screened under glass house condition. The genotypes were
categorized into Highly resistant (25 genotypes) resistant (11 genotypes), moderately resistant (19 genotypes), susceptible (23 genotypes)
highly susceptible (22 genotypes) reaction against the pathogen. Twenty five genotypes were found highly resistant namely, PL 269, PL 4,
Pant L-8(PL 063), PL 252, PL 276, L 4717, LH 84-8, LL 1525, IPL 220, IPL 238, IPL 540, IPL 342, IPL 344, IPL 233, IPL 81, IPL 234,
DPL 15, VL 152, VL 156, VL 531, VL 532, VL 157, KLB-1442, KLS 1451, RKL 14-112.
Keywords: Fusarium, genotypes, lentil, resistance, wilt
GNRSA-2020/700
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF FUNGICIDE, BOTANICALS AND BIO-AGENTS AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT OF LENTIL
CAUSED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM f. sp. LENTIS
SUBHASH CHANDRA, RAJEEV KUMAR, MANISH KUMAR MAURYA, RAJENDRA PRASAD, SAKSHI PANDEY AND S. P.
SINGH
Department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India
Lentil wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f .sp. lentis is an important disease and it is a limiting factor to production of lentil. The present
study to evaluate the antifungal activity of fungicide, botanicals through food poison technique and bio-agents through dual culture. Results
revealed that minimum radial growth was obtained at 500ppm and 1000ppm in metalaxyl 8%+ mancozeb 64% (00.00) followed by Neem
leaf extract @ 10%(10.90 mm) having per cent inhibition (75.78%), Garlic @ 10% (11.00mm, 75.56%), Onion @ 10% (11.60mm; 74.22%),
Neem leaf extract @ 5%(12.4mm; 72.45%). Among bio-agents, P. fluorescence showed maximum per cent inhibition (78.92%) followed by
T. viride (66.82%), T. harzianum (60.76%), B. subtilis (58.94%), T. virens (55.62%).
Keywords: Antagonist, bio-agents, botanicals, in vitro, lentil
GNRSA-2020/701
MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM WILT OF LENTIL THROUGH SEED TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDE, BOTANICALS
AND BIO-AGENTS ALONE OR IN COCKTAIL
SUBHASH CHANDRA, RAJEEV KUMAR, NEERAJ KUMAR RAJVANSHI, MANISH KUMAR MAURYA, RAJENDRA
PRASAD AND RAMESH CHAND
Department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, UP, India
Fusarium wilt is one of the major diseases in lentil crop which causes a significant yield loss. The present study aimed to manage the
fusarium wilt of lentil through seed treatment with fungicide, botanicals and bio-agents alone or in combination which is carried out at
Student Instructional Farm of ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. It was observed that Minimum disease incidence was found in T8 Metalaxyl
8% + Mancozeb 64% + Neem leaf extract (10%) + T. viride (14.13 %) with per cent disease control (82.76) followed by T3Metalaxyl 8 % +
Mancozeb 64 % + Trichoderma viride (15.85 %) having PDC (80.67), T 2 Metalaxyl 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % + Trichoderma harzianum
(22.37%) having PDC (72.71), T7 Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% + Neem leaf extract (10%) (28.84%) having PDC (64.82).
Keywords: bio-agents, botanicals, Fusarium, management, wilt
GNRSA-2020/702
A REVIEW ON OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus) CULTIVATION AND END USE OF SPENT MUSHROOM
SUBSTRATUM
SUBRATA CHATTERJEE1, SIDDHANTA KUMAR BISOYI1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*
1
2
Mushrooms are a gaggle of fleshy macroscopic fungi. They are lacking of chlorophyll, having heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They produce
enzymes like cellulose and hemicellulose that bring the substrate to obtainable forms. Mushrooms survive dead matter as they're called
saprophytes. Some mushrooms are parasitic in nature, taking their nutrition from the living organism/matter. In nature mushrooms, grow wild
on every type of soils, pastures, forest, cultivated fields or waste lands. They seem altogether seasons, mainly throughout the rainy weather,
where organic matters or its decomposition merchandise are obtainable. Mushroom cultivation is the one, which is amongst the foremost
profitable and setting friendly enterprises, among the varied agriculture crops in India. Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) are widely
cultivated everywhere the planet. It’s an edible mushroom of subtropical region, is most appropriate for cultivation in summer and rainy time
of the year. The total amount of species of fungi in the world is nearly 1.50 million, among them about 10,000 are fleshy macro fungi, about
2,000 species from quite thirty genera are considered prime edible mushrooms, 80 of them are full-grown through an experiment, forty
cultivated economically, twenty cultivated commercially, associated 4-5 are made on an industrial scale.
Keywords: Temperature, growth and yield, saprophytes, relative humidity, biological efficiency, macroscopic fungi, seasonal conditions etc.
GNRSA-2020/703
GENE TARGETING AND GENE DISRUPTION
SUDHANSU SINGH1, GAURAV SHARMA1, GAURAV SINGH1, ANKAJTIWARI1 AND SHAGUN MAURY2
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2Department of PMB&GM, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Targeted gene therapies have emerged as potential strategies for treatment of such diseases. These therapies depend upon rare-cutting
endonuclease to cleave at specific sites in or near disease genes. Targeted gene correction provides a template for homology-directed repair,
enabling the cell's own repair pathways to erase the mutation and replace it with the correct sequence. Targeted gene disruption ablates the
disease gene, disabling its function. Gene targeting can also promote other kinds of genome engineering, including mutation, insertion, or
gene deletion. Targeted gene therapies present significant advantages compared to approaches to gene therapy that depend upon delivery of
stably expressing transgenes. Recent progress has been fueled by advances in nuclease discovery and design, and by new strategies that
maximize efficiency of targeting and minimize off-target damage. Future progress will build on deeper mechanistic understanding of critical
factors and pathways.
GNRSA-2020/704
SENSORY PROFILE OF SYNBIOTIC LASSI
SUDHEENDRA, CH. V. K1*.,TANMAY HAZRA2, HINGU, M. N1., SHAH, R.K3 AND RAMANI V. M.1
Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat
Synbioticlassi was made by blending milk, sugar, carrot juice, Fructooligos accharide and later fermented till specific acidity was reached
using probiotic culture Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463. The developed blend was analyzed by expert panel members for various
sensory attributes using 9-point hedonic scale throughout the refrigerated storage time (4 ± 1 oC) of 28 days.Scores of colour and appearance
were found to decrease till 21stday and later slightly increased on 28th day.The body and textural score also followed similar pattern of
decreasing till 21st day and slight increase on 28th day. The flavour scores moderately decreased during the refrigerated storage period.Overall
acceptability of the product decreased throughout the storage period of 28 days, yet the product was still acceptable even on 28th day of
storage period. Hence this developed synbiotic lassi with carrot juice is acceptable based on sensory characteristics and can be a introduced as
prospective functional food in the commercial market.
Keywords: FOS, Probiotic, Prebiotic, Synbiotic, Carrot Juice.
GNRSA-2020/705
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND MAIZE GRAIN IMPROVE FERTILITY IN
TRANSITION DAIRY COWS
1
SUJEET KUMAR YADAV AND 2AJIT SINGH
1
BEI Sewar, Sohawal, Ayodhya
2
Deptt. of Animal Husbandry (U.P) Gvmt. Veterinary Hospital, Chilla, Prayagraj
The study was to determine the effect of propylene glycol and maize grain content by-pass starch supplementation during the transition
period and the first 35 days of lactation on blood metabolic indices, milk production and fertility parameters in dairy cows. Forty-five Polish
Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were assigned to treatment 18 days before calving. The treatments included: TG-2.8 kg triticale grain/cow per
day supplemented from 10 days prepartum to day 35 postpartum, PG-2.8 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from day 10 before
parturition to day 35 postpartum, and 450 g propylene glycol/cow per day from 10 days prepartum to 10 days of lactation and MG-2.8 kg
maize grain/cow per day supplemented from day 10 before parturition to day 35 postpartum. PG and MG had an effect resulting in the
highest glucose concentration at 22 d of lactation. Cows assigned to the PG and MG groups had significantly higher cholesterol levels
confronted with TG group at day 10 of lactation, while at days 22 and 35 the same difference was observed only between the MG and TG
groups. PG had an effect on shortening the period to first ovulation. PG and MG improved the first service conception rate and decreased the
number of services per conception in cows. In conclusion, both treatments of dairy cows with PG and MG improved their fertility parameters,
while they had a slight effect on their metabolic profile and no effect on their milking performance.
Keywords: blood indices, dairy cows, fertility, maize grain, propylene glycol and transition period.
GNRSA-2020/706
IMPACT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND FLOWERING OF BELLADONNA LILY
(Amaryllis belladonna L.) UNDER TERAI REGION OF WEST BENGAL
SUJIT RAI*, SOUMEN MAITRA, INDRAJIT SARKAR & ARPITA MANDAL KHAN
Department of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari,
CoochBehar, West Bengal, India
The experiment was conducted at the instructional farm of the Department of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Uttar Banga
Krishi Viswavidyalaya, India, in 2018-2019 growing season, to investigate the effect of bulb dipping and foliar application with GA 3 on
quality production of Belladonna Lily under Terai region of West Bengal. Bulb dipping for 6 hours followed by foliar application of GA3 at
monthly intervals after sprouting at the concentrations of 0ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm were considered as treatment combinations.
Results revealed that early sprouting was recorded with the treatment combination of bulb dipping with GA 3 @200ppm followed by foliar
spraying with GA3 @300ppm, whereas the maximum leaf length and leaf width were recorded with the treatment combination of bulb
dipping with GA3 @300ppm followed by foliar spraying with GA3 @100ppm. Flowering parameters like early floral bud primordial
initiation, early bud development and days for first floret opening were recorded best with the treatment combinations of bulb dipping in
300ppm and foliar spraying with 100ppm GA 3. However, the maximum spike length, vase-life and field-life of whole spike were recorded
with the treatment combination of bulb dipping GA 3 @300 ppm followed by foliar spraying with same concentration.
Keywords: Belladonna Lily, Amaryllis, GA3, Plant growth regulator
GNRSA-2020/707
STUDY ON COMPARATIVE HEALTH STATUS OF SELECTED SANTHAL AND SABAR TRIBES IN NORTH BENGAL
REGION OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA
SUKANTA BISWAS1, SWAPNA BISWAS2
1
Associate Professor, Dept. of Veterinary & A.H. Extension Education, W.B. University of Animal & Fishery Sc. Kolkata-37, W.B., India
2
Ph.D.Research Scholar, Dept. of Veterinary & A.H. Extension Education, W.B. University of Animal & Fishery Sc. Kolkata-37, W.B., India
The study was conducted in purposively selected Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Among the 08 blocks of the district, 02 blocks
i.e. Tapan and Kumarganj blocks were taken due to their socio-economic backwardness and tribal dominancy in the district. In the study,
Santhal and Sabar tribes were considered and from each community 40 samples were randomly selected under the age group of 20-40 years,
as sample population. In this way, total 80 numbers of (40 Nos. Santhal + 40 Nos. Sabar) samples were considered to form the sample
population under study. The collected data was computed and analysed by various statistical methods for better interpretation of the results.
The study depicted that education level, occupational status, income, knowledge and attitude towards health status were significantly better in
Santhal’s than Sabra tribes. Sabar tribes consume less feed, sickly built and less land holding capacity which in turn is directly or indirectly
related to health status of the tribal’s. The study signifies and suggests inclusion of increased literacy programme, vigorous awareness
campaign on hygienic health activities for tribal development. Finally the study explore that, several entrepreneurial ventures to increase
income and occupational status of tribal along with usual developmental programme of the govt. will be helpful for better socioeconomic
upliftment of the area and community as a whole.
Keywords: Santhal, Sabar, Tribes, Health status, Comparative, North Bengal etc.
GNRSA-2020/708
CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURE DUE TO COVID -19 PANDEMIC- FARMERS PERSPECTIVE
SUKHDEEP KAUR MANSHAHIA AND RITU MITTAL*
Assistant Professors, Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, Punjab Agricultural university, Ludhiana
The setback caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will plunge the country’s struggling rural economy that supports nearly half its population
into further distress, according to farm economists. Nationwide lockdown due to coronavirus during the peak season in agriculture when crop
was to be harvested and sold, farmers were expected to witness losses due to severe labor shortages, transport bottlenecks and plummeting
demand of agricultural produce including vegetables, fruits besides dairy products. Though agriculture being essential commodity was
exempted from lockdown, but lack of human resources, farm inputs and restrictions on transportation caused number of challenges. Looking
into it, a questionnaire was developed using google form in Punjabi and was circulated among farmers in state of Punjab. Data was received
from 502 farmers covering all the 22 districts of Punjab. The results revealed large number of farmers agreed that they followed preventive
measures from COVID 19 such as maintaining social distancing, wearing mask, washing hands frequently and sanitizing machinery after
each use etc. Results of the survey indicated that farmers faced acute shortage of farm labour due to movement of migrant labourers to their
home states and demand of higher wages by local workers. Scarcity of combine harvesters and lack of availability of spare parts were other
problems which resulted due to restrictions on transportation. Lockdown and Curfew in Punjab resulted in closure of many shops and
restaurants leading to losses to perishable food items such as fresh fruits and vegetable and non procurement of milk by the local dairies. Sale
of perishable food and milk was limited to local consumption only. . Majority of them were in favour of lockdown decision and were
following government guidelines during selling their produce. The study showed that though the farmers faced challenges due to lockdown
but appreciated government support system for agricultural activities.
GNRSA-2020/709
NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN AND ITS PRODUCT
SUMAN DEVI1*, PRAGYA MISHRA2, SEEMA SONKAR3, H.G. PRAKASH4
1 2
, , SRF, 3Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Science, 4 P.I, under CAAST-NC Project C.S.A.
University of Agriculture and Technology , Kanpur, India
Soybeans originated in China over 13,000 years ago where they were considered one of the most important crops in the area. They were
introduced into Japan in the 8th century and many centuries later into other regions of Asia including Thailand, Malaysia, Korea and
Vietnam. Soybeans Classified under the plant legume, Soybeans (or Soya beans). Soybeans contain all three of the macronutrients required
for good nutrition. Soybeans are regarded as equal in protein quality to animal foods. Just one cup of soybeans provides 57.2% of the Daily
Value (DV) for protein. Soy isoflavones found in soybean and its products have been shown to increase the resistance of LDL cholesterol to
oxidation, improve blood vessel flexibility (arterial compliance) in menopausal and pre-menopausal women, and help lower post-menopausal
women's risk of developing osteoporosis by helping to maintain a better balance between bone resorption and formation. A diet high in soy
foods has been associated with reduced risk of several types of cancer, such as breast, endometrial and prostate. Some of the Soyabean
products found in India, and their nutritional essentials are- Soymilk, Soy yogurt, Soy Tofu, soy sprouts, soy tempeh and soybean oil.
Soybean oil is low in saturated fat and high in monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. It contains the essential fatty acids linoleic and
linolenic. Linoleic and linolenic acids are required for human health. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are believed to
reduce the risk for heart diseases and may prevent osteoporosis. Soybean oil also contains phytosterols which could lower LDL cholesterol.
Soybean oil does not contain cholesterol. Therefore adequate intake of soybean & its products is beneficial to human health.
Keywords:Soybean, soybean oil, Health diseases, soybean products
GNRSA-2020/710
MANAGEMENT OF POST-HARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES IN ONION (Allium cepa); A REVIEW
SUMEET PATIDAR1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*
1
2
Onion (Allium cepa) is one of major vegetable crop in India highly known for its pungency. It has good capability of storage it can be store
up to 8-10 months. It is damaged by many pathogenic fungal infections during storage due to absence of proper storage facilities. During the
time of post-harvest storage approx. 35-40% onion is damaged or lost due to post harvest diseases. There are different fungal pathogen spp.
like Aspergillus spp, Alternaria spp, Fusarium spp, Psedumonas spp, Penicillium spp, Erwinia spp, Rhizopus spp, Collectotrichum spp and
Botrytis spp etc. attack on onion at the time of post-harvest losses. Aspergillus spp (A.niger) is very destructive fungal pathogen in pre &
post-harvest losses. To safeguard the use of conventional fungicides to suppress the post-harvest losses is not sufficient due to residue
impacts. To decrease the onion losses during storage it is necessary to develop strategies by the possible use of plant extracts or different bio-
fungicides. An opportunity to counter or manage post-harvest diseases can be bio-nano fungicides.
Keywords: Onion, diseases, post-harvest, yield losses, fungal pathogen, management
GNRSA-2020/711
PRECISION AGRICULTURE- A WAY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION
SUMIT SOW*, SHIVANIRANJAN
PG Scholar, Department of Agronomy,Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210
To fulfil the food demand of increasing population, excessive use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide leads to degradation of soil as well as
environment. Precision agriculture is a potential solution of it which is an integrated information and production based farming system that is
designed to increase long term, site-specific and whole farm production efficiency, productivity and profitability while minimizing
unintended impacts on wild life and environment. It basically means adding the right amount of treatment at the right time and the right
location within a field.In precision farming, inputs are to be applied precisely in accordance with the existing variability. Agronomic
perspective of precision agriculture is adjustment of cultural practices to take into account the real need of the crop like data acquisition &
analysis, decision support system, increased attention to management etc.Technical perspective includes better time management at the farm
level, e.g. GPS System, VRT, SSM service etc. Environmental perspective includes reduction of agriculture impacts, e.g. reduce input losses,
increase water and nutrient use efficiency etc.In economical perspective, there is increase of the output and/or reduction of the input and
increase efficiency, e.g. change in cost, change in revenue, cash flow, risk etc. Main aim of precision farming isto replace big machinery, high
energy consumption, precise application of all inputs through different components of precision farming viz. Global Positioning
System(GPS), Geographical Information System(GIS), remote sensing. There are lack of awareness and knowledge about it, so it should be
popularized at grassroots level. Therefore, precision agriculture not use the resources efficiently to provide food and nutritional security but
also maintain environmental sustainability.
Keywords: GPS, GIS, Environmental sustainability, Remote sensing.
GNRSA-2020/712
INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT OF ROOT ROT OF CHILLI (Capsicum annum L.) INCITED BY Rhizoctonia solani
Kuhn
SUNAINA VARMA 1 AND DATA RAM KUMHAR 2*
1
Research Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, COA, SKRAU, Bikaner- 334 006
2
Data Ram Kumhar Department of Plant Pathology, COA, SKRAU, Bikaner- 334 006
Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the most important commercial crop of India belongs to the solanaceae family mainly cultivated for its
green fruits as vegetable and dry chilli as spice purpose. The chilli crop is suffered by various diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses
at different stages of crop. Among the major diseases of chilli, root and stem rot caused by R. solani has become a serious problem in chilli
growing areas. Present investigation was carried out in 2016-17 at the Experimental Nursery Farm, Department of Plant Pathology, College
of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner. R. solani is a seed and soil borne pathogen and Rhizoctonia
root rot is considered as one of the most devastating diseases in all the chilli growing areas of Rajasthan. On isolation, from diseased plants,
the associated pathogen was identified as Rhizoctonia solani and its pathogenicity was confirmed on chilli susceptible host. The antagonistic
ability of bioagents and fungicide in vitro was observed against R. solani. Fungal bioagent T. harzianum was most effective among T. viride
and T. atroviride and bacterial bioagent Pseudomonas fluorescens was more effective than Bacillus subtilis. Various bioagents i.e T.
harzianum, T. viride, T. atroviride, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were isolated from rhizosphere of the healthy field of chilli
and all are found potential bioagent. The mycelial growth of R. solani at different temperature, on Czapek’s dox agar basal medium with
different carbon, nitrogen sources and pH was observed to be highly valuable. Maximum growth of pathogen was observed at 30 oC.
Minimum mycelial growth was observed in at 20 oC temperature. Maximum mycelial growth of R.solani was observed on sucrose as
compared to other sources. Among all the tested nitrogen sources, ammonium chloride was found least supportive to the mycelial growth of
the pathogen. Similarly, optimum pH for maximum mycelial growth of pathogen was 7.0. In the field experiment, soil application of bioagent
T. harzianum in combination with seedling dip treatment with Tebuconazole 2DS gave the minimum disease incidence ,highest per cent
disease control, and highest yield followed by soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens in combinations with seedling dip treatment
Tebuconazole 2DS as compared to other treatments. Efficacy of bioagents were better when the combination of seedling dip treatment and
soil application were used as compared to sole application. As regard to seedling dip treatment and soil application alone, seedling dip
treatment with bioagent was comparatively more effective than the soil application.
GNRSA-2020/713
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION ON HYBRID RICE (JRH 05)
SUNIL KUMAR JATAV1* AND NEELAM PRADHAN2
1
Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Badgaon, Balaghat, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, (M.P.), India,
2
ADO, Department of Agriculture, Balaghat
The present study was conducted in Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. The front line demonstrations on rice crop conducted by Krishi
Vigyan Kendra, Badgaon, Balaghat during the last two years (2018-19 to 2019- 20). The Hybrid rice JRH 05 recorded plant height (95.21
cm), higher effective tillers per plant (22.5), length of panicle (25.8 cm) and grains per panicle (242) and test weight (24.56g) then local
check. It is also recorded the higher test weight (24.56g), straw yield (70.30 q per ha) and harvest index (46.66 %) over the years of study.
The grain yield showed 61. 5 q per ha and percentage is 30.30 % higher yield increase in FLDs over farmers practice. In spite of increase in
yield of improved technology the technological gap, extension gap and technology index existed which was 13.2 q per ha, 14.3 q per hectare
and 18.86 %; respectively. The improved technology of hybrid rice gave higher net return of Rs. 44722/- per ha with a benefit cost ratio of
2.44 as compared to local check. Therefore, the existing hybrid local check can be replaced by Hybrid rice JRH 05 since it fits to the existing
farming situation for higher productivity and higher net return income.
Keywords: Front line demonstration, Hybrid rice, Yield, Technology index.
GNRSA-2020/714
ENZYME MEDIATED DEGRADATION OF MAJOR WATER POLLUTANT: AZO DYES
SUNITA SINGH*,PROMOD KUMAR SINGH*,RACHANA SAHNEY**
BBAU,Lucknow*,Amity University Noida**
Textile industry forms 14% of the total production market in our country and subsidizes at least 4% to our GDP. With up to 10,000 different
dye colours available in the market and their yield reaching up to 7 × 108 kg per year, with their use extending not just to the clothing
industry but to paper, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. Textile effluent eventually pollute large amounts of water present both on
the surface and the ground. Wastewater from textile, paper, leather, cosmetic, food, and plastic industries often contains azo dyes that are
toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic in nature. Among all the chemical classes of dyes, azo dyes are considered to be recalcitrant, non-
biodegradable and persistent. Azo dyes are electron-deficient xenobiotic components because of their azo linkage (–N=N), and in many
cases, they have sulphonic (SO3−) or other electron-withdrawing groups, which generate an electron deficiency and make the dye less
susceptible to degradation by micro organisms.Even though physicochemical methods are effective in the removal of dyes, the overall cost,
regeneration problem, secondary pollutant/sludge generation limits their usage. Also, dye based effluents are normally not amenable for
conventional biological wastewater treatment due to their recalcitrant and inhibitory nature. However microbial methods are highly useful
and potentially advantageous for the treatment of toxic compounds due to their effectiveness, ecofriendly nature, energy saving and less
usage of chemicals. Enzymes can act on specific recalcitrant pollutants to remove them by precipitation or transformation to other
(innocuous) products and also can change the characteristics of a given waste to render it more amenable for treatment. Extracellular fungal
peroxidases are reported to oxidative catalyze the polymerization of toxic aromatic compounds in aqueous solution and are reported to
oxidize various pollutants. Enzymes from various sources (fungus and plant based) are applied for the treatment of dye based compounds.
The source of the selected enzyme and its nature along with system conditions are found to have significant influence on the overall
performance for pollutant removal. Fungal extracted enzymes are studied quite significantly in the process of dye removal. Some azo dyes
have been decolorized by using certain peroxidases, such as soybean peroxidase (SBP),horseradish peroxidase(HR) and many more. It has
been suggested that these enzymatic treatments could oxidize the dye structures to form compounds with lower molecular weight and lower
toxicity and may eventually mineralize the dyes.Enzymes are believed to have a significant potential to degrade the recalcitrant pollutants
present in the effluent from industries. Laccases, Polyphenol oxidases, Azoreductases and different peroxidases like Manganese peroxidase,
Lignin peroxidases and Dye decolorizing peroxidases are the common enzymes that are isolated from plants and showed the potential in the
biodegradation of colored compounds.
Keywords: Azo dyes, Microbial and Plant enzymes.
GNRSA-2020/715
EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG RELEASED HYBRIDS/VARIETIES PEARL MILLET [Pennisetum
Glaucum (L.) R. BR.]
SUPRIYA AMBAWAT1*, SUBARAN SINGH2, C TARA SATYAVATHI1, RAJBALA MEENA1, VIKAS KHANDELWAL1, R.C.
MEENA1
1
ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Mandor, Agriculture University, Jodhpur -342 304
2
Department of Biotechnology, Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal, Haryana
Pearl millet is a climate-resilient crop which is most widely grown in the arid and semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa over 26 mha. It is a
highly nutritious cereal crop and rightly termed as nutricereal. This crop requires low inputs and delivers high cost-effective benefits.
Development of high yielding hybrids is the major target of pearl millet researchers globally.The understanding of genetic diversity is very
important and must for developing superior hybrids and crop improvement programs. In the present study, we evaluated the diversity among
48 different released hybrids and varieties of pearl millet using 125 SSR markers. Out of these, 61 polymorphic SSRs were reported giving
191 alleles with an average of 3.13 alleles per primer. Polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.33 to 0.76 with an average of
0.55 PIC value. The cluster analysis based on these SSR markers categorized the genotypes into four major clusters viz., I, II, III, IV with
similarity coefficient ranging from 0.58 to 0.73. The results depicted that sufficient genetic variability exists among the different hybrids and
varieties used in the study which can further prove useful for pearl millet improvement programs. The study also reveals that SSR markers
are proficient and may be used efficiently for genetic diversity studies in pearl millet. It is also anticipated that findings of this study may be
further used for DNA fingerprinting and varietal identification.
Keywords: Genetic diversity, microsatellites, molecular characterization, pearl millet, varietal identification
GNRSA-2020/716
POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK OF CONSUMPTION OF WATER MIMOSA
SUPRIYA YENKOKPAM1& Y. RANJANA DEVI2*
1Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013, Assam, India
2Central Agricultural University,Lamphelpat-795004,Manipur, India
Water mimosa (Scientific name: Neptunia oleracea Lour) is a pantropical nitrogen-fixing perennial legume usually considered as an aquatic
weed in some countries. However, the plant is used as a vegetable by people of South East Asian Nations. The north eastern region of India
particularly Manipur provides favourable condition for growth and propagation of the plant owing to its ample rainfall, humidity and
moderate range of temperature. The Meiteis, the valley inhabitants of the state of Manipur consume the plant as food and is considered as a
local delicacy. The plant is documented to have rich nutrient potential and is used by local healers and practitioners for its medicinal
properties. In addition, there are documentation of the use of plant for pollutant clean-up method and remedy. Daily consumption of these
plants may pose potential health risk to the individual, hence a risk assessment study is highly essential for creating awareness about the
dangerous effects of the plant if consumed.
GNRSA-2020/717
A REVIEW: POLYMERIC-BASED ANTIMICROBIAL FILMS FOR FOOD PACKAGING
SURBHI SUMAN1, ANKITA SHARMA2 ANDKUSUM MEGHWAL3
1
Assistant Professor, Career Point University, Kota
2
PhD Scholar, JNKVV, Jabalpur
3
PhD Scholar. MPUAT, Udaipur
The concept of antimicrobial packaging has received great attention because of its potential to enhance food safety. Several studies have
explored its applications and effectiveness to suppress pathogenic microorganisms. However, few studies have analyzed the alterations
caused in the engineering properties of food-packaging polymers after the incorporation of antimicrobials. Such information is very important
to understand the feasibility of producing antimicrobial packaging films on the industrial scale. Most importantly, antibacterial agents are
essential to inhibit the growth of bacteria in food. To keep food fresh and prolong the shelf life, different kinds of antibacterial agents were
used.This review explores the work done so far to evaluate how the incorporation of antimicrobial substances affects the properties of food-
packaging systems. Diffusion studies on antimicrobial substances through packaging films and the analytical solutions used to characterize
this diffusion mechanism are described in this article. Our review found that although the properties of packaging materials are altered by the
addition of antimicrobials such as organic acids, enzymes, and bacteriocins, every packaging material is unique, and these effects cannot be
generalized.
GNRSA-2020/718
BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS IN RICE BRAN: PROCESSING AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES: A REVIEW
SURBHI SUMAN1, ANKITA SHARMA2 AND AYUSHI TRIVEDI3
1
Schoolof Agricultural Science, Career Point University, Kota, India
2
Department of Post-Harvest Process & Food Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur, India,
3
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur, India
Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling industry and constitutes around 10% of the total weight of rough rice. It is primarily
composed of aleurone, pericarp, subaleurone layer and germ. Rice bran is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, essential fatty
acids, dietary fiber and other sterols. The quantification of γ-oryzanol in Rice bran can be performed by many methods that
involve extraction of Rice bran oil from the bran, followed by analysis of the amount of γ-oryzanol in the Rice bran oil by
HPLC. In order to determine the amount of γ-oryzanol in Rice bran oil it is very important to completely extract this fraction
from the oil. Various extraction techniques have been used for the analysis of γ-oryzanol in Rice bran oil such as liquid–liquid
extraction, solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and direct solvent extraction. There is a widespread
scientific agreement on various health benefits associated with consumption of dietary fiber. Consumer attitude towards health
foods is promising and the scope of functional foods is growing in the world markets; rice bran is finding increased applications
in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. In addition to the physiological benefits provided by high fiber foods,
studies have shown that fiber components can give texture, gelling, thickening, emulsifying and stabilizing properties to certain
foods. Considering the importance of rice bran, this review aims to focus on the functionalities of rice bran, its health benefits
and potential applications in food industry.
Keywords: Bran, Milling, Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, Texture and Gelling
GNRSA-2020/719
AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED AGRICULTURE
SURBHI SUMAN1 AND ANKITA SHARMA2
1
Assistant Professor, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
2
PhD Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
The global population is predicted to touch 9.6 billion by 2050 -this poses a big problem for the agriculture industry. Despite combating
challenges like extreme weather conditions, rising climate change, and farming’s environmental impact, the demand for more food has to be
met. To meet these increasing needs, agriculture has to turn to new technology. New smart farming applications based on IoT technologies
will enable the agriculture industry to reduce waste and enhance productivity from optimizing fertilizer use to increasing the efficiency of
farm vehicles’ routes.
Keywords: agriculture, climate, environmental, fertilizer and IoT
GNRSA-2020/720
REVIEW ON MARIGOLD EXTRACT FOR DISEASE MANAGEMENT
SUSHANT KUMAR AND ADESH KUMAR
Department of plant pathology, school of agriculture, lovely professional university, phagwara-144411, Punjab, India.
Environmental problems caused by extreme use of chemical fertilizer is topic of matter from the past years. It has been estimated that damage
caused by chemical fertilizers is in billions annually. Excess use of nitrogenous fertilizers can lead to release of toxic gases i.e. greenhouse
gases which causes global warming. continuous use of chemical fertilizers can cause permanent damage to the soil health. With the help of
organic fertilizers, we can prevent all these damages by treating the farm as a living system and use everything already present in farm to
prevent financial losses and maintain soil health. This review paper focuses on the management of various diseases with the help of marigold
extract and how marigold extract can be used as organic fertilizer so that there is less harm on environment, producer’s financial state and
consumer’s health.
Keywords: marigold extract, organic, terpenoids, Flavonoids, alpha terthienyl.
GNRSA-2020/721
CURRENT SCENARIO ON PRODUCTION OF BIOPESTICIDES IN INDIA
SUSHANTI THOKCHOM1*, URMILA MAIBAM2 AND HAOBIJAM JAMES WATT 3
1
Research Scholar, School Of Crop Protection, 2Research Scholar ,School of Crop Improvement; College of Post Graduate Studies in
Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Umiam, Meghalaya-793 103
3
Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, P.S.B,Visva-Bharati,Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
Pest problem is one of the major constraints for achieving higher production in agriculture crops. India loses about 30% of its crops due to
pests and diseases each year. The damage due to these is estimated to be Rs.60,000 crores annually. The use of insecticides and pesticides
have increased manifolds during the past 3 - 4 decades with the introduction of intensive cropping. The average consumption of pesticides in
India is about 570 gms per ha. Pesticides or chemicals are meant to control harmful pests such as insects, nematodes, diseases, weeds etc.
However, excessive use of pesticides not only leave residues in soil, water and air and affected the ecological balance resulting in pest
resurgence, development of resistance in the pest species and environmental pollution. Bio pesticides are living organisms which can
intervene the life cycle of insect pests in such a way that the crop damage is minimized. These bio agents can be conserved, preserved and
multiplied under laboratory condition for field release. Though there are about 140 biopesticide production units existing in the country as on
today, they are able to meet the demand of only less than 1% of cropped area. There exists a wide gap, which can only be bridged by setting
up of more and more units for production of biopesticides. This requires large scale investment and private participation. These biopesticides
can be produced on a small or large scale. Small scale production is particularly suitable to village or community level cooperatives, which
can produce and distribute these for local use and the local farmers/SHGs can be trained to undertake the production and incorporate the
bioformulations in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Yet there is a scope to enhance production and use of biological control agents in the
days to come as the demand is on the increase every year.
Keywords: Biopesticde, biocontrol agents, IPM
GNRSA-2020/722
DECIPHERING THE VIRAL COMPLEX OF MAJOR HORTICULTURAL CROPS IN NORTH EAST INDIA AND
DEVELOPMENT OF ROBUST DIAGNOSTICS
SUSHEEL KUMAR SHARMA, K. SARDA DEVI, SAPAM MONTESHORI, BABY WANGKHEM, JYOTSANA SANASAM, O.
PRIYODA DEVI, H. CHANDRAJINI DEVI, MALEMNGANBI KEISHAM, W. TAMPAKLEIMA CHANU, TABALIQUE
YUMKHAIBAM, AND TH. SURJIT SINGH
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal-795004
Viruses are the major constraints in successful production of horticultural crops in North East (NEE) region of India due to high prevalence of
insect-vectors and favourable environmental conditions. Present study focused on the characterization of viral complex of major horticultural
crops (chilli and passion fruit) and development of specific diagnostics. A total of 774 chilli samples suspected to be infected with viral
infection were collected and subjected to RT-PCR based detection using specific primers for chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), cucumber
mosaic virus (CMV) and capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and PCR for chilli leaf curl virus (ChiCLV). Out of 774 samples tested in the
present study, 72.60% were positive for ChiVMV infection and 68.47% were positive for CMV infection. 29.71% of the tested samples were
having mixed infection of CMV and ChiVMV. This study indicated high prevalence of ChiVMV infection followed by CMV infection. Coat
protein (CP) sequences of the selected isolates of ChiVMV and CMV from NER indicated their genetic distinctness. A sensitive multiplex
PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of major four viruses (ChiVMV, CMV, CaCV and large cardamom chirke virus)
together in single reaction. The potyvirus associated with the severe mosaic and fruit deformation disease of passion fruit in Manipur,
Nagaland and Meghalaya was characterized based on CP gene sequences. Passion fruit potyviruses isolates shared maximum nucleotide
similarity of 66.8-70.4% with bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and segregated into a distinct phylogenetic cluster. Antigen coated plate
trapped-ELISA (ACP-ELISA) and isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay was developed for simplified and robust detection
of passion fruit potyviruses. Developed diagnostic assays were validated using field samples and were found highly sensitive
GNRSA-2020/723
A STUDY ON AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT
SUSHIL K. YADAV, GAJENDRA SAHU AND VIJAY K. PRAJAPATI
Students of M.Sc. Agriculture (Plant Pathology), AKS University Satna (M.P.)
Agriculture pollution is a major problem for the environmental pollution and minimize the agricultural production quality. Agriculture
pollution is recognized all over the world. Environment is considered the most critical resource for sustainable development in the all over
World. It is essential not just for agriculture, industry and economic process, but it's also for most important component of the
environment, with a big impact on health and nature conservation. Two aspects of agriculture have been discussed, one is the pollution
caused by the agriculture and the other is the impact of pollution upon agriculture. Agriculture pollution is also affect water, air, food, soil
and environment. Some technique has been purposed in control and minimize the agricultural pollution. (i.e. organic farming, crop rotation,
sustainable farming etc.) Proper policies and regulatory programs should be made locally to globally level to minimize its effects and to
improve yield, quality, the agricultural practices, and a good environment for the humans and biodiversity.
Keywords: Agricultural pollutions, Environment pollutions, Organic farming, Sustainable agriculture.
GNRSA-2020/724
PRECISION AGRICULTURE: A WAY TOWARDS CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE
SUSHIL KUMAR
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agronomy CCS HAU, Hisar
Agriculture is very much affected by the effects of climate change. The UN world population report estimates that the world’s population will
reach 9.7 billion people, which is 34 percent higher than what it is today. Much of this growth is expected from developing countries like
China, India, Brazil, etc which possess the largest area in the world with regards to arable land for agriculture. To keep up with population
explosion and constant rise in income, global food production must witness an increase by 70 percent in order to be able to feed the entire
world population. Agriculture is accountable for 10-15% of all human induced climate gas emissions worldwide. Arable farming emits
CO2 and N2O. N2O is a 300 times stronger climate gas then CO2. Precision farming is an approach where inputs are utilized in precise
amounts to get increased average yields compared to traditional cultivation techniques change and to minimize the effect of climate change
on agricultural system. Hence it is a comprehensive system designed to optimize production with minimal adverse impact on our terrestrial
system. Technologies like the GPS, GIS, mobile app and sensors can be used for several innovative methods involved in precision
agriculture. However, Precision Agriculture is still only in the early stages of implementation in most developing countries. Precision
agriculture techniques have a positive contribution to greenhouse gas reduction. Nutrient and water management have a direct contribution, in
particular the so-called Variable Rate Technology for nutrients application because of the lowered N 2O emissions. Variable rate application
can reduce fertilizer use by 10-30%, while maintaining the same productivity. Besides the reduction in costs, there is a very important
contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, precision farming is an important aspect of climate resilient farming.
Keywords: Precision Agriculture, Climate change, Variable rate technology, Gas emission
GNRSA-2020/725
ORGANIC FARMING
*1
SUSHMA CHONGTHAM, 2MALEMNGANBI KEISHAM, 3JESTINA THIYAM
1,3 Department of Lifesciences, Manipur University, Canchipur,795003
2 Research Scholar, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR Research Complex NEH Region Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat-795004, Manipur
Department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, UP, India
Cultivation of plants without using any synthetic chemical is known as organic farming. In this, agriculture is combined with tradition,
innovation and science to benefit both the environment and all the life form. It simply means a method of crop and livestock production
without the use of chemical, GMO, antibiotics and growth hormones. The goal of organic farming is to improve the sustainability. It has more
advantages than any other type of farming. It reduced biomagnification caused by using chemicals like pesticide, insecticide, etc. For farmers,
it gives better income through low investment of inputs compared to chemical farming. So, now due to the shortage of chemicals caused by
this global pandemic many farmers are into this organic farming system from chemical farming. Not only to farmers but also to consumer it
gives better health and safe food. It can also be stored for longer period of time and more fresh. And for environment, it discourages
environmental exposure to pesticides and chemical. So, it ensures a safe and healthier world for future generation. It improves health issues,
ecology, fairness between us and environment, care for future generation etc. Because of its benefit, many organization of organic farming
are formed from the state level like Manipur Organic Mission Agency (MOMA) by Department of Horticulture & Soil Conservation up to the
world level like International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM).
Keywords: Low investment, Pesticide, Sustainability, Organic farming
GNRSA-2020/726
SOIL PROPERTIES IN TERMITE MOUNDS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USES.
SUSHMITA KONWAR, DR. GAYATRI GOSWAMI KANDALI
Assam Agricultural University- 785013
A study was carried out to assess the physical, chemical and biological properties of termite mound soils under five land uses viz., Fallow,
Horticulture, Bamboo, Tea and Forest. Three mounds from each of the land uses were selected and three soil samples were collected from the
base, centre and top of each of the termite mounds. One composite soil sample was collected from the adjacent soils from each of the land
uses. A total of 50 soil samples were collected for the study. The soil properties of the mounds of termites and their adjacent soils were
compared. An investigation was also made to study the impact of the termite mounds on the adjacent soils.The termite mound soil was found
to be higher in bulk density and water holding capacity compared to surrounding soils. They were also richer in clay, organic carbon, and
concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg and enzymatic activities than their adjacent soils. No definite pattern was observed for the variation of
the micronutrients between the mounds and the soils adjacent to it. Based on the SQI calculated by combining all the studied physical,
chemical and biological parameters, it was observed that soil under Horticulture land use (SQI 12.35) is highly enriched by the termite
mounds compared to Tea (SQI 11.80), Bamboo (SQI 10.40), Forest (SQI 9.80) and Fallow (SQI 5.71).So, Horticulture land use has more
aggradation followed by Tea, Bamboo and Forest. Aggradation is more in all the land uses compared to Fallow.
GNRSA-2020/727
ECONOMICS OF SERICULTURE IN PARBHANI DISTRICT OF MARATHWADA REGION
SUVARNA DATTARAO CHOUDHARI AND D.S. PERKE
Agricultural Economics, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Sericulture is an agro-industry, the end product of which is silk. Silk is fibrous protein of animal organ produced by the silkworm for spinning
a cocoon. Silk has natural sheen and inherent affinity for dyes, light weight, soft touch and high in durability. Because of these unique
characteristics silk is termed as “Queen of Textiles”.India has the second position of the world largest producer next to China. The present
study was attempted to study the socio-economic characteristics, per quintal cost of mulberry leaves production, cost and returns in cocoon
production and identify constraints faced by sericulture growers. Multistage sampling design was adopted in the selection of district, tehsils,
villages and sericulture farmers. In the first stage, Parbhani district was purposively selected on the basis of availability of area under
sericulture production. In the second stage on the basis of area under sericulture production, two tehsils of Parbhani district was selected
namely, Purna and Manwat. In the third stage from each selected tehsil, two villages were selected on the basis of highest area under
sericulture production viz, Chudawa, Alegaon, Wazur, Kolhawadi, Hatalwadi and Mangrul. Hence, 10 sericulture growers were randomly
selected from each selected villages. Thus from six villages, sixty growers were selected from the study area. For analyzing the data in the
present study the analytical techniques such as tabular analysis, functional analysis and frequency and percentage method were adopted. The
result showed that the gross return from per hectare mulberry garden estimated was Rs. 263182.5 with cost of cultivation Rs. 130680.20. In
regard to cocoon production the gross return from 4.16 batches was Rs. 279442.42 and from one batch it was Rs. 67173.66. Total cost from
4.16 batches calculated was 133507.2 on the other hand from one batch it was Rs. 32093.08. Net profit obtained was Rs. 145935.21 and Rs.
35080.58 from 4.16 and one batch, respectively. The output - input ratio obtained was 2.09 whereas per kg cost of cocoon production
obtained was 215.82. The main constraints encountered by the sericulture growers estimated in frequency and percentage form were high
price fluctuations of cocoon in market and transportation problems was another major constraints faced by sericulture farmers. The
suggestions given by the farmers were market facility should be established near the village and training programmes about use of rearing
equipments should be arranged on regular basis.
GNRSA-2020/728
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF TRAININGS AND FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS IN BLACK GRAM (Vigna mungo)
CULTIVATION IN RAISEN DISTRICT OF MADHYA PRADESH
SWAPNIL DUBEY, P.K. DWIVEDI, MUKUL KUMAR AND ALOK SURYAVANSHI
Krishi vigyan kendra, raisen (m.p.)
Pulses on account of their vital role in nutritional security and soil ameliorative properties have been integral part of sustainable agricultural
since ages. Black gram (Vigna mungo) is a widely grown legume, belongs to the family fabaceae and assumes considerable importance from
the point of food and nutritional security in the world. The impact assessment with reference to increase in knowledge levels of farmers
regarding scientific package of practices, extent of adoption of selected technology and percent adoption of production technology was
carried out in four adopted villages. The data about knowledge level of scientific package of practices of black gram indicated that low,
medium, and high level of knowledge after intervention of Krishi Vigyan Kendra was found to be 8, 54 and 38 per cent, respectively. Highest
knowledge regarding selected scientific innovations was found for Varietal Replacement (73%), Weed Management (65%), Integrated
Nutrient Management (44%), Integrated Pest Management (35%) and pest, disease control (30%), respectively. The technology index
indicated there was feasibility of evolving technologies at the farmer’s field.
GNRSA-2020/729
YIELD GAP ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY OF IMPROVING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) PRODUCTIVITY UNDER LATE
SOWN CONDITIONS THROUGH FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS IN RAISEN DISTRICT OF M.P.
SWAPNIL DUBEY, P.K. DWIVEDI, RANJEET SINGH RAGHAV AND ALOK SURYAVANSHI
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raisen (M.P.)
Front Line Demonstration is one of the most powerful tools for transfer of technology. The present study was undertaken to find out the yield
gap through FLDs on wheat crop. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raisen (M.P.) conducted 30 front line demonstrations on wheat crop at farmers
field of one adopted village with one blocks during 2017-18 to 2019-20. The objective of FLD was to demonstrate production potential and
economic benefit of improved technologies consisting suitable variety (MP-1203), Integrated Nutrient Management (80:60:40:25 kg
NPKS/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB @ 5g/kg of seed), Weed Management (Sulphosulfuron + Metsufuron @40 gm per ha) at Raisen district of
M.P. under irrigated late sown conditions. The productivity of wheat from mean grain yield was 4.34 t/ha under improved practice on
farmer's field as compared to farmer's practices mean of grain yield 3.45 t/ha. Yield increase was 25.79 over farmer's practices. It is evident
from the results that the yield of improved wheat variety was found better than the check variety under same environment conditions. Yield
of the front line demonstration and potential yield of the crop was compared to estimate the yield gaps which were further categorized into
technology index. Cultivation of wheat under improved practices get higher net return of Rs. 54300/ha as compared to farmer practice of Rs.
38500/ha. The average B: C ratio of improved technology was 2.98 over farmer practice 2.62.
GNRSA-2020/730
CRISPR TOOLS FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
SWETA MISHRA1*, SHAILESH KUMAR2, NEELESH KAPOOR1, ANIL SIROHI1 AND SANJAY YADAV1
1
Department of Fingerprinting, College of Biotechnology, SVPUAT, Meerut, UP.
2
Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar.
Genome editing technologies have revolutionized crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas9 has broadened the agricultural research area, bringing in
new opportunities to develop novel plant varieties with deletion of detrimental traits or addition of significant characters. This RNA guided
genome editing technology is groundbreaking innovation which is a constantly advancing technology for generating knockouts; making
precise modifications, multiplex genome engineering, and activation and repression of target genes. The performance of CRISPR/Cas relies
on well-designed single guide RNA (sgRNA), so a lot of bioinformatics tools have been developed to assist the design of highly active and
specific sgRNA. These tools vary in design specifications, parameters and genomes. Being a new area, a user needs a convenient and reliable
means to facilitate genome editing experiments at every step, from the guide RNA design to analysis of editing outcomes, choose their proper
sgRNA design tools that focus on on-target efficiency prediction, off-target detection and predict the results of CRISPR-Cas edits. CRISPR-
P, CRISPRdirect, CRISPR design tool, CRISPRseek, CC-TOP, CasFinder, CRISPR Local CRISPR target, CRISPR Finder, ATUM,
CRISPOR, E-CRISP CRISPR-DT and many more CRISPR tools can be efficiently used for genome editing experiments for crop
improvement.
GNRSA-2020/731
IPM IN STORED PRODUCT PESTS - PRESENT CONCEPT AND NEW SOLUTIONS
SYED MOHAMED IBRAHIM S1, PRITHIV RAJ V2, PRABAKARAN V3
1, 2
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat - 385506,
India.
3
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat - 385506, India.
Early traditional methods for control of stored product pests were passed out on previous generation. Now a days synthetic chemical like
phosphine, sulfuryl fluoride were replaced the traditional non chemical technologies and allowed the long term storage of commodities, that
causes a new biotypes and got resistance in most of the insects. At present continue uses of the synthetic chemical also caused the
environmental impacts (persistance, residue, health hazards) and also genetic variation and resurgence in insects. For that, the integration of
improved or transited traditional methods, also the key modern pesticides were effective than using either method alone and also controls the
insects by changing into new biotypes/races. Recent integrated pest management on stored products makes the decision based on knowledge
of population dynamics, insect threshold densities, sampling, predictive models and expert system which meets regulator and also market
standards. Now pest management professionals makes the better studies on ecology, life history and sampling methods which are used to
revamp the timing of pest controls. Increased crop production must include continued and effective postharvest security. Future investments
of public resources to fund research on IPM for stored products will be essential to protect the world’s food supply. Although the component
of IPM programs were thoroughly researched for such possible synergism combination, further research is required on how these components
are combined to increases their effectiveness, efficacy and also to assure the security of post-harvest food products to future human
population needs. The optimal timing of IPM actions needs to be determined. As with all agriculture, Integrated pest management decisions
in stored product structure will be put into rehearse when they are economically and environmentally safe, so further research on the
economic pest management is required.
Keywords: Biotypes, expert system, population dynamics, synergism.
GNRSA-2020/732
CLIMATE CHANGE AND GROUNDWATER BEHAVIOR IN COLD ARID REGIONS OF NORTH WESTERN HIMALAYAS
SYED ROUHULLAH ALI* AND JUNAID N. KHAN
College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar-190025
The study includes the calibration and validation of the MLR model by using Observed daily climate data (T max, Tmin and precipitation) of
fifteen years (2002-2016), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data and Global Climate Model (GCM) data of
HadCM3. Simulation of groundwater model and groundwater behavior for the study area was done by using MODFLOW 2000. Daily
Climate (Tmax, Tmin and precipitation) scenarios were generated from 1961-2099 under SRES A2 scenario defined by IPCC. This study was
carried out to predict the impact of climate change on groundwater behavior in three futuristic phases i.e., near future (NF), mid future (MF)
and far future (FF). During the comparison of measured data (2002-2016) and NF (2017-2045) data, a decreasing change of 2.59 oC for Tmax,
increasing change of 0.9 oC for Tmin and decreasing change of 32.2 mm for precipitation was found. In MF (2046-2072), decreasing change of
3.17 oC for Tmax, increasing change of 2.01 oC for Tmin and decreasing change of 34.6 mm for precipitation was observed. In FF (2046-2072),
decreasing change of 3.41 oC for Tmax, increasing change of 4.08 oC for Tmin and decreasing change of 33.4 mm for precipitation was found.
The groundwater simulation indicated that the total Flow-In and total Flow-Out during the present time slice (2002-2016) was computed as
362196.2 m3/day and 324141.5 m3/day, respectively. This means 38054.7 m 3/day is the overall addition of water to the groundwater system
from all sources/sinks. Groundwater status under different scenarios of water withdrawal 20% increase and 20% decrease in precipitation
amount and 50% and 100% increase in the well discharge in the study area. Irrespective of water withdrawal from the catchment area model
observed a positive gain of groundwater in the catchment area thus improving the overall scenario in the watershed. All the recharge
parameters, discharge from various sources/sinks, have been included in the flow budget equation of the area.
Keywords: Climate change, cold arid regions, north western Himalayas, MLR, SRES and MODFLOW
GNRSA-2020/733
GENETIC ENGINEERING IN VEGETABLE CROPS FOR IMPROVED CAROTENOID CONTENT
ST. ILAKIYA*1, E. PARAMESWARI1, V. DAVAMANI1 AND SUDHA SINGH2
1
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003.
2
Dr. Y. S. Parmar, University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan – 173230
Carotenoids are the key nutraceutical components that serve as the vitamin A precursor. These pigments are plastid-synthesized and are
localized C40 tetra-terpenoids that are found to be universally spread in plant kingdom. The pigments are widespread forming the essential
and integral component for the photosynthesis process. Carotenoids are required for the photo-protection in plants that functions during the
photosynthesis. Vegetables are one among the natural source for carotenoids. The traditional breeding approaches as well as the genetic
engineering had been followed in many vegetables including potato and cassava to enhance the carotenoid level. Even though the
conventional plant breeding approaches have increased the productivity successfully, the advantages of genetic engineering over this method
include the ability to transfer genes in a faster and targeted manner. Carotenoids can be altered genetically through altering the metabolism of
carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (Methyl Erythritol Phosphate pathway). The genetic approaches to modify carotenoids in vegetables include
the modification of enzyme activity in the target pathway, by up-streaming the precursors enhancement by rising the flux through the
pathway by the over expression of enzymes that catalyzes the first committed step in the pathway, by blocking the pathway that branch points
the RNA interference or the antisense and by enhancing the accumulation of target metabolite by increasing the sink compartments.
Keywords: Carotenoids, biosynthesis, genetic engineering, vegetables
GNRSA-2020/734
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
*T. LAKSHMI TIRUPATHAMMA1, C.VENKATA RAMANA2, D. RATNA BABU3 AND K. SASIKALA4
1
Department of vegetable science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R.H.U, Tadepalligudem, West Godavari- 534101, A.P., India.
2
Horticultural Research Station, Dr. Y.S.R.H.U, Lam Farm, Guntur-34, India.
3
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Advanced P.G. Centre, Lam Farm, Guntur. ANGRAU.
4
Department of agronomy, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, V.R. Gudem-534101.
Vegetables plays a crucial role in ensuring food and nutritional security, but they are highly perishable.Change in the state of the climate that
can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended
period, typically decades or longer.Climate change may have more effect on small and marginal farmers, particularly who are mainly
dependent on vegetables. Moreover, the winter season vegetables are more sensitive to harsh weather than the summer season
vegetables.Climatic changes will influence the severity of environmental stress on the vegetable crops. Environmental stress is the primary
cause of crop losses worldwide, reducing average yields for most major crops by more than 50% (Boyer 1982, Bray et al. 2000). Impacts of
climate change mainly due to high temperature, drought, flooding and salinity. The optimum temperatures for tomato cultivation are between
25ºC & 30ºC during the photoperiod and 20ºC during the dark period.However, only 2- 4ºC increase in optimal temperature adversely
affected gamete development and inhibited the ability of pollinated flowers into seeded fruits and thus reduced crops yields (Firon et
al.,2006). In pepper, high post pollination temperatures inhibited fruit set, suggesting that fertilization is sensitive to high temperature stress.
(Erickson & Markhart, 2002). Hazra et al. (2007) summarized the symptoms causing fruit set failure at high temperatures in tomato. Lack of
water influences the crop growth in many ways and the effect depends on the severity, duration, and time of stress in relation to the stage of
growth.Onions are sensitive to saline soils, while cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, beet palak and tomatoes are moderately sensitive.Young
seedlings and plants at anthesis appear to be more sensitive to salinity stress than at the mature stages (Lutts et al., 1995).One of the most
effective ways to overcome salinity problems is the use of tolerant species and varieties (Yilmaz et al., 2004).It is estimated that about 20% of
cultivated lands and 33% of irrigated agricultural lands worldwide are afflicted by high salinity (Foolad, 2004). Flooded tomato plants
accumulate endogenous ethylene that causes damage to the plants (Drew, 1979). The severity of flooding symptoms increases with rising
temperatures; rapid wilting and death of tomato plants is usually observed following a short period of flooding at high temperatures (Kuo et
al., 1982). The succulent vegetable crops are highly sensitive to climatic conditions of heat, drought and flooding. Therefore, there is an
urgent need to focus attention on studying the impacts of climate change on growth, development, yield and quality of crops. The focus
should also be on development of adaptation technologies and quantify the mitigation potential of the crops.
GNRSA-2020/735
MULTILOCUS GENE TAPPING OF PHYTOPLASMA IN ROSE ASSOCIATED WITH PHYLLODY
T. RIHNE1, NAMITA1*, KANWAR PAL SINGH1, MARKANDEY SINGH1, AKSHAY TALUKDAR2 AND G.P. RAO3
1
Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, 2 Division of Genetics, 3 Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research
Institute, New Delhi -110012
Among the ornamental crops, rose (Rosa × hybrida L.), is the most important ornamental plant attributed to its popular use as garden plant,
pot plant, cut flowers and many other value added products such as rose water, rose oil, gulkand, pankhuri, gulroghan, source of vitamin C,
etc. The rose plants are infected with different groups of phytoplasmas i.e. a group of bacteria without cell wall, are associated with diseases
in various plant species. Phytoplasma infected plant exhibit a wide range of specific and non-specific symptoms including yellowing,
chlorosis of foliage, stunting, virescence, phyllody, witches’s broom, proliferation of secondary roots, flattened stem, large buds, enlarged
stipules, inhibition of flowering, lower proliferation and other flower abnormalities, abnormal fruits and seeds, off season growth and brown
discoloration of phloem tissues. On a survey to the rose fields of Delhi during 2019, phyllody symptom where the floral organ is modified
into leaves were observed in rose varieties ‘Pusa Muskan’ and ‘Raja Ram Mohan Roy’ with disease incidence of 25% and 50%, respectively.
Amplifications of ~1.25kb, ~480bp and ~1.3kb products using primer pair P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR2, R16F2n/R16R2 for 16SrRNA gene,
secAfor1/secArev3, secAfor5/ secArev2 for secA gene and rp(II)F1/rp(I)R1A, rp(II)F2/rp(I)R1A for rp gene confirmed the phytoplasma
association in both the symptomatic rose varieties in nested PCR assays. Pair wise sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis by
neighbour-joining method based on 16S rRNA gene sequences clustered the rose phytoplasma strains sequences along with strains of 16SrII-
D subgroup. Virtual RFLP comparison of of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Rosa × hybrida varieties confirmed the association of
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’ (16SrII-D) phytoplasma subgroup in both the symptomatic rose varieties in the present study.
GNRSA-2020/736
USE OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES; A USEFUL TOOL IN AGRICULTURE
T. P. VAGHASIYA, KARTIK NAKUM AND ADESH KUMAR*
Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411
The current situation several types of synthetic pesticidesare available but also that fungicides harm the ecosystem and damage human health.
The organic fungicides and biocontrol agents are also accessible in the market that depends on an environmental condition so they can use
only in that particular situation. Some organic methods are a slow and time-consuming process. For farmers, time and every plant are
valuable for economic yields. Synthetic fungicide an alternate solution is nanotechnology against a pathogen. Nano fungicides in AgNps,
CuNPs, TiO2, chitosan nanoparticles and nano emulsions are currently used. Those nanoparticles in the silver nanoparticle are a most used in
the agriculture sector because of those different properties such as antiviral, antibacterial and antiviral. Nano silver also used as fertilizer,
growth promoter, nano sensor develops against abiotic stress and insecticide. Present time many research conduct on silver particle and silver
nano-based fungicide is highly effective against pathogens. In future silver nanoparticles will be available for control diseases in the market.
Nanotechnology also helps the detection of pesticides.
Keywords: Nano technology, nano particles, synthetic fungicides, ecosystem, human health etc.
GNRSA-2020/737
WILD AND UNDERUTILIZED EDIBLE VEGETABLES OF MANIPUR, NORTH EAST INDIA
TABALIQUE YUMKHAIBAM*1, JYOTSANA SANASAM2, MALEMNGANBI KEISHAM3, BABY WANGKHEM4, REDINA
SAPAM5, H. CHANDRAJINI DEVI6
1,2,3,4,5 Research Scholar, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat-795004,
Manipur, 6 Ph.D. Scholar, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal
The North Eastern region of India comprises of eight states viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland,
Tripura and Sikkim. From these states Manipur is one of the North Eastern states of India which is known to inhabitant of different
community or different tribes. Each tribe used to consume different wild and underutilized vegetables as a raw or by cooked. Many of the
wild and underutilized vegetables have the different nutritional and medicinal value. Vegetables are also known as protective foods, which is
useful for the maintenance of good health and prevention of different diseases. Some of the pods of the plants viz. Perkia timoriana (DC)
Merr, Sesbania sesban (L) Merr, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit are used as a vegetables in the form of salad, chutney or by cooked.
These wild vegetables are very popular and highly demanded in such regions. Other than the nutritional and medicinal value, these wild and
underutilized vegetables are used for the generations of income and poverty mitigation. Many researchers have made many efforts to find out
the different underutilized vegetables used by the local people of the different tribes of the Manipur. More promotions, attentions and more
efforts are required for these underutilized vegetables for the exploration of new vegetables also for the food security of the country.
Keywords:Underutilized vegetables, nutritional and medicinal value
GNRSA-2020/738
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF HOMEGARDEN
1
TAHERA ARJUMAND*, 2M.A, ISLAM AND 3BASIRA MEHRAJ
1,3
Research scholar, Department of NRM, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-Kashmir
2
Professor-cum-Chief Scientist, Division of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Benhama, Ganderbal.
Homegardens are traditional agroforestry system which consists of multi-species, multi-tier agroforestry production systems practised often
in small piece of land that integrates tree-crop-animal components.They are mostly confined to tropical humid within 40° N and 30°S of
equator. The key factor that distinguishes homegarden from other agricultural land use systems is the high species diversity which is why
they are often termed as the epitome of biodiversity,thus they become ideal sites for in-situ conservation of biodiversity and genetic material
since long time. They bear very similar ecological conditions to natural forest hence homegardens also act as insurance against pest and
disease outbreak. These systems reduce strong pressure on natural forest by providing various goods and services. The trees and other
perennial components in the homegardens also sequester substantial amount of CO 2.If we compare it with other land use systems,
homegardens sequester C much better than intensively managed crop lands. The enormous potential of homegardens as carbon sinks
andqualifies them as promising example of climate change resilient agriculture and mitigation strategy.Moreover, attributes of homegarden
such as habitats for animals and other beneficial organisms, nutrient recycling, reduced soil erosion and enhanced pollination makes it
sustainable form of land use system for the long run.
Keywords: Homegarden, Biodiversity conservation, Carbon sequestration and Mitigation.
GNRSA-2020/739
DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL PROCESSED PANEER USING PECTIN AS FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENT
TAHIR NAZIR1, MOHAMMAD ASHRAF PAL1, ASHAQ MANZOOR2, ABDUL TAWAB SHEIKH1, SHEIKH RAFEH AHMAD1,
ASIF HASSAN SOFI1, SARFARAZ AHMAD WANI1 AND ALTAF HUSSAIN MALIK1.
1
Division of Livestock Products Technology, 2Division of Livestock Production Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal
Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir.
The current investigation was undertaken with the aim of developing a product “functional processed paneer” which though similar to
western processed cheese requires less cost, time and energy in its manufacture and also confers additional health benefits. The increased
consumer awareness of the relationship between health and diet has led to the development of functional foods which have the potential to
reduce the risk of degenerative diseases (Awad and Salama, 2010). The food industries are interested to produce foods which are cheaper
price, healthier, more appropriate and meet consumer requests. The nutritional and potential therapeutic value of food is a key characteristic
in the development of new value added products that are manufactured for health conscious consumers (Mohamed et al., 2011). Pectin acts as
stabilizing, thickening and gelling agent, fat replacer and soluble dietary fibre and has many health benefits like, reduces incidence of heart
diseases, inhibits lipase activity, inhibits growth and metastasis of cancer cells and induces their apoptosis, lowers blood cholesterol and
serum glucose (Macku et al., 2008). It acts as delivery vehicle for probiotics and acts as prebiotic (Naqash et al., 2017).The study involved
production of functional processed paneer (FPP)using paneer as base product, 1.5 % trisodium citrate (TSC) as emulsifying salt and the
functional ingredient used was pectin, incorporated at 3 different levels (0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%). It was found that pectin at 0.8% level produced
FPP with best functional properties. Functional processed paneer (PP) samples containing 0.8% pectin contained significantly (p ≤ 0.05)
highest level of moisture, fat and protein while as control samples devoid of pectin possessed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lowest levels for the
same.Ash content was not significantly (p >0.05) affected by the level of added pectin. Meltability, free fat and expressible serum showed a
significant (p ≤ 0.05) declining trend as the level of pectin inclined. Functional processed paneer (FPP) samples containing 0.8% pectin
contained significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lowest values for meltability, free fat and expressible serum. pH and titratable acidity of functional
processed paneer (FPP) did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). Electrical conductivity (EC) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by addition of
pectin with treatment samples having significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower values than control. Total dietary fibre content and antioxidant activity of
functional processed paneer (FPP) measured in terms of percent radical scavenging activity/ percent inhibition by different methods viz
DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with increasing level of pectin. The sensory attributes and textural
characteristics presented a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in their scores with increasing concentration of pectin in FPP samples.
Keywords: Compositional, Functional, Physicochemical, Processed cheese, Paneer, Processed paneer, Sensory, Textural.
GNRSA-2020/740
PHENOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOME INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC CULTIVARS OF APPLE UNDER HIGH DENSITY
PLANTATION IN KASHMIR
TAJAMUL FAROOQ WANI, SHABEENA MAJID1, G H RATHER, AMIT KUMAR AND SALEEM KHUROO1
Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar Campus
1Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Srinagar, SKUAST-Kashmir, J & K
The experiment conducted on six indigenous and exotic cultivars of apple (Gala Redlum, Fuji Zehn Aztec, Super Chief Sandidge, LalAmbri,
Golden Clone-B and Red Gold) of uniform age planted under high density plantation in the Departmental field of Fruit Science, SKUAST-
Kashmir during 2018. Observations on different phenological stages revealed that Gala Redlum came early into pink bud stage on (28th
March) followed by Red Gold (31 st March), Golden Clone-B (1st April), Super Chief Sandidge (2nd April), LalAmbri (3rd April) and Fuji
Zehn Aztec came late into pink bud stage on (4 th April). Initial bloom (10 %) commenced first in Gala Redlum (2 nd April) and last upto 8th
April (Fuji Zehn Aztec). In all the flowering stages studied Gala Redlum was earliest in date of 50 per cent bloom (6 th April) and date of final
bloom (10th April) followed by Red Gold and Golden Clone B, whereas Fuji Zehn Aztec was late in date of 50 per cent bloom (12th April)
and date of final bloom (16th April). Variation was also noticed in the date of petal fall and complete petal fall. Early petal fall was observed
in Gala Redlum i.e. initial petal fall on 14 th April and complete petal fall on 18th April followed by Golden Clone B and Red Gold whereas
Fuji Zehn Aztec took maximum time in initial petal fall (20 th April) and complete petal fall (24th April). Minimum and maximum duration of
blooming was registered in LalAmbri (15 days) and Red Gold (18 days), respectively however Gala Redlum, Super Chief Sandidge bloomed
for 16 days. Remarkable variations were thus observed in the phenology of flowering of the investigated varieties under temperate conditions
of Kashmir. The blooming period of the studied varieties indicated the synchronizing behavior of the varieties which is a prerequisite for
effective pollination.
GNRSA-2020/741
CROP IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
TAKHELLAMBAM JULIA1, N. SUNITA DEVI2 AND RIMAMAY KONJENGBAM3

College of Agriculture,
Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004.
In view of increasing population particularly in developing countries, it is imperative to increase crop production. Agricultural land is
shrinking, part of it is being used to develop infrastructure for increasing population. Therefore, the challenge is to produce more food from
less land. Technological interventions shall increase food production many more folds. In agriculture, the success of a technology can be
measured only when it gets transferred for increased crop production. Genetic improvement is the area in which to look for the major
breakthroughs. The broad potential of recombinant DNA technology will provide the possibility of both molecular analyses of crop
productivity and ways in which it may be possible to improve that productivity. The goal of analysis may be approached in three ways:
starting at the beginning by generating complete sequences of the plant genome; starting at the end by genetic analysis of phenotypes using
genetic marker technology; or starting in the middle, by metabolic analysis. Improvements may be obtained by re-assorting what has been
achieved through enhanced breeding technologies, by randomly induced change, and by generation of totally new possibilities through
biochemical engineering. Dwarfing Rht genes were introduced in modern wheat varieties in 1960s by Dr. Bourlaugh from Norin 10 cultivars
of wheat grown in Japan. Flavr Savr Tomato was the first Biotech crop commercialized in USA in 1994 by Calgene. Transgenic rice plants
have been developed with tolerance to various biotic and abiotic factors. Regarding the nutritional traits, one of the most promising
application of transgenic technology has been the development of vitamin A enriched varieties, popularly known as Golden Rice due to the
slightly yellow colour conferred to the endosperm.
Keywords: Technological interventions, Genetic improvement, Plant genome, Genetic marker, Breeding technologies.
GNRSA-2020/742
SOIL SOLARIZATION: A CULTURAL METHOD, ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL METHOD AS PRE-
EMERGENT
TAKHELMAYUM MALEMNGANBI1*, LENMEM YOSUNG1, HILLEL M CHISHI1 AND NAOREM MEENA DEVI2
1
Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland-797106
2
Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252
Continuous dependence on chemical herbicides for weed control may cause illicit environmental hazards, unintentional harm to non-target
species and an evolution of herbicide resistant in weeds. So alternative option is adoption of soil solarization, which is one the cultural
method for weed control with the utilization of solar energy to rise the soil temperature for desiccations of weeds. It leaves no chemical
residues, used as a broad- spectrum pest control technique, may improved soil structure and soil health by increasing nitrogen availability and
other plant nutrients and by favorably altering the soil micro biome. Solarization control many annual and perennial weeds but more effective
against annual weeds. In addition to weeds, it helps in controlling various soil borne pathogens thereby increasing the plant health, growth
and yield. Effectiveness of solarization is limited by various factors which should be carefully considered.
Keywords: Broad-spectrum, cultural method, soil solarization, soil micro biome and soil health.
GNRSA-2020/743
EVALUATION OF SIMPLE CHROMOGENIC TEST PROTOCOL FOR DETECTION OF VEGETABLE OIL IN MILK
TANMAY HAZRA*, SUDHEENDRA CH.V.K., ROHIT SINDHAV, AND V.M RAMANI

College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat-365601, India.
Adulteration of milk with vegetable oil, is a great problem for Indian dairy industry.Detection of vegetable oil adulteration in milk is always a
challenging tak in village receiving docks; due to to lack of quick and reliable analytical test.In the present investigation, a novel a
chromogenic test has been developed to ascertain the presence of vegetable oil in milk. Pooled cow milk samples, were collected from the
local cattle-yard of Amreli. Refined vegetable oil (sunflower) was used as adultrant. ABTS based chromogenic solution was prepeared and
standardized.This standardized protocol did not show any false-positive results in the genuine milk samples. Adulteration of milk with
vegetable oil @3 % level could be detected by this chromogenic test protocol. This said protocol is convenient to use in the rural dairy
industry especially rural-based milk collection centers; as no costly instrument or trained manpower is required for this said test.
Keywords: Adulteration, vegetable oil, milk fat and ghee
GNRSA-2020/744
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MATURE GREEN MANGO FRUIT PULP VARIETY RAMKELA AND MINT
LEAVES
TANU MALIK*, RAKESH GEHLOT, REKHA AND RITU SINDHU

Centre of Food Science and Technology
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and is rich in a variety of phytochemicals and nutrients. The fruit pulp is
high in prebiotic dietary fibre, vitamin C, polyphenols and carotenoids. The young and the unripe fruits of mango are acidic in taste and are
utilized for different culinary purposes. The ripe fruits are used in preparing various processed products such as ready-to-serve drink, nectar,
squash, jam, cereal flakes, custard powder, baby food and toffee. In the present investigation, physico-chemical analysis of mature green
mango fruits of variety Ramkela and mint was carried out to determine its suitability for development of value added squash. The mango fruit
pulp had TSS (4%), acidity (2.17%), pH (3.21), ascorbic acid (92 mg/100 g), total carotenoids (9.79 µg/100 g), total phenols (11.1 mg/100 g),
total sugars (2.74 mg/100 g), reducing sugars (0.86 mg/100 g), pectin (2.35%) and browning (0.128). The mint had TSS (2%), acidity
(0.036%), pH (3.81), ascorbic acid (4.10%), total chlorophyll (79.1 mg/100g), total phenol (336.7mg/100g), browning (0.578) a nd
antioxidant activity (4.74%). Good quality value added sweet and spiced squash variants were prepared using mature green mango fruit pulp,
mint leaves paste, sugar, honey, common salt, black salt, rock salt, black pepper powder, roasted cumin powder, small cardamom powder and
chat masala.
Keywords: Mature green mango, mint, physico-chemical, characteristics, squash.
GNRSA-2020/745
META-INVESTIGATION OF PRIORITY IN BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL CORRELATION
TANU SHIRI1*, GAURAV S.S.1, SINGH S.K.2AND S.JAIN3

1
Ch. CharanSingh University Campus, Meerut-250004, (UP) India
2
CCR (PG) College, Muzaffarnagar-251001, (UP) India
3
Shri Ram College Muzaffarnagar-251001, U.P.
Community oriented exploration prioritization (COEP) examines have grown progressively renowned during the most recent decade. By
uniting an assorted of partners, and utilizing anindependentprocess to make a neglected of examination needs, these strategies suggest to
distinguish research themes that will better hybrid the issues of science patrons (Dey et al. 2020). The consolidated exploration needs set out
by the WHO in the WHO Coordinated Global Research Roadmap: March 2020 and a further rundown of extra needs characterized by the
African Academy of Sciences with African based scientists. Through this overview, we might want your feeling on these critical priorities so
that subsidizing offices can guide financing to help the most critical priority research (Waterhouseet al. 2020). Many survey COEP
concentrates in the fields of biology, biodiversity protection and natural science that on the whole recognize >2000 examination desires,
environmental change, biological system benefits(Dey et al. 2020).However, for studies in which the quantity of members was express,
applicant subject commitment was regularly performed by a more prominent number of people than theme prioritization, with a middle of
73.5-point givers (range 13-893, n = 30) and 38-point prioritization members (range 13-352, n = 30). This brought about a reach in size of
creator bunches from 2 to 205, with a middle of 29 (n = 41) (Neve et al. 2018). Across considers, there was a frail connection between the
quantity of point benefactors and the quantity of people associated with prioritization (log-log R2 = 0.16), while there was no important
connection between the quantity of people engaged with prioritization and the quantity of study creators (log-log R2 = 0.02) (Blöschlet al.
2019).The main effect of COEP studies may lie in their capacity to associate people across areas and help to fabricate assorted networks of
training around significant issues at the sciencestrategy interface.
Keywords: COEP, WHO, environmental change, and biodiversity.
GNRSA-2020/746
STUDIES ON CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
(Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
TARKESHWAR1*, KAMLESH KUMAR2, MOHIT YADAV2, S.C. GAUR2, RAVI PRAKASH CHAUDHARY1 AND GOVIND
MISHRA1
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, A.N.D.U.A.T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) – 224 229, India
2
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Baba Raghav Das P G College, Deoria (U.P.) – 274 001, India
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, A.N.D.U.A.T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) – 224 229, India
The present investigation was carried out at Agriculture Research Farm, B.R.D. Post Graduate College (Campus), Deoria during rabi 2017-
18 by taking 81 bread wheat genotypes from various eco-geographic regions with three checks in Augmented Block Design. Data on fourteen
quantitative traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers/plant, spike length (cm),
number of spikelet/spike, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield/plant (g), flag leaf area (cm2), peduncle length (cm), grain
yield/spike (g), biological yield/plant (g), harvest index (%) were recorded. Analysis of correlation coefficients revealed that generally the
amount of genetic correlation coefficients were very close to phenotypic correlation coefficient in most cases, suggesting the existence of
inherent associations among the traits studied. Number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, plant height, biological yield per
plant, yield per spike and number of grains per spike had high positive correlation with grain yield per plant. Path analysis showed that
number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant, number of spikelets per spike and number of tillers per plant found to have direct and
positive effect on grain yield per plant. Number of grains per spike also possessed positive indirect effect on grain yield via biological yield
per plant, number of spikelets per spike and number of tillers per plant.
Keywords: Bread wheat, grain yield, correlation and path coefficient analysis.
GNRSA-2020/747
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CATTLE REARING IN EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM ON MARGINAL FARM
HOUSEHOLD IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH.
TESHU KUMAR1
1
Assistant Professor, Graphic Era Hill University –Dehradun
The present study was conducted to know the importance of cattle in existing farming system under Marginal farm household’s category.
Multistage stratified random sampling design was used to collect the data from, a sample of 93 respondents was selected on the basis of
probability proportion to size of holdings. In the study area, identified farming systems are sugarcane-based, livestock based and cereal-based
farming systems. About 53 percent farmers followed livestock based farming system in which about 22 percent (21) farm households were
practisizing livestock +Sugarcane + cereal + fodder farming system. The economics of cattle/cow in the existing systems shows that the total
cost, gross return and net return were to be found Rs. 44732, Rs. 67384 and Rs. 22652 respectively. LP model and tabular analysis was used
to for the optimization of farm. The analysis has shown that cattle/livestock components contributed a larger proportion about 65 per cent of
the total income on the marginal farms than crop-based farming systems, reflecting the significance of cattle/livestock in augmenting the
income of the marginal households.
Keywords: Farming system, identification, economics and livestock etc.
GNRSA-2020/748
EFFECTS OF VERMICOMPOST ON PLANT GROWTH: DIRECT AND INDIRECT MECHANISM.
THOKCHOM DORENCHAND SINGH1 and SAPHINA MARY KURKALANG2

1
Ph.D. research scholar, Soil science & agricultural chemistry, CPGSAS, Umiam, Meghalaya
2
Ph.D. research scholar, Agronomy, CPGSAS, Umiam, Meghalaya
Vermicompost can be described as a complex mixture of earthworm faeces, humified organic matter and microorganisms, which, when
added to the soil, increases germination, growth, flowering, fruit production and accelerates the development of the plant. As vermicompost is
a finely-divided peat-like material, the addition of vermicompost to the soil causes significant changes in the physical properties, altering
water and air availability in the soil and conditioning root growth. The addition of 20 ton ha -1 of vermicompost to an agricultural soil in two
consecutive years significantly improved soil porosity and aggregate stability. A significant decrease in soil bulk density and increase in soil
pH and total organic carbon after vermicompost application in two consecutive growing seasons, at a rate equivalent to 60 kg ha-1 of N.
Vermicompost, may directly influence plant growth via the supply of plant growth regulating substances (PGRs). The humic substances
extracted from earthworm compost were capable of inducing lateral root growth in maize plants by stimulation of the plasma membrane H+ -
ATPase activity. Vermicompost has also been found to have a wide range of indirect effects on plant growth, such as the mitigation or
suppression of plant diseases. Aqueous extracts of vermicompost were capable of reducing the growth of pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis
cinerea, Sclerotiniasclerotiorum, Corticiumrolfsii, Rhizoctoniasolani and Fusariumoxysporum. The addition of vermicompost to the soil at a
rate of 1kg m-2 significantly inhibited the incidence of the parasite nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tobacco plants. Disease suppression
by vermicompost may be attributed to either direct suppression of pathogens or to the induction of systemic resistance in the plant.
Vermicompost increases microbial biomass in soil and changes the diversity and abundance of soil fauna and thus a broader range of
organisms may act as biocontrol agents. Soil enzyme activity is also significantly increased by vermicompost addition as compared to
equivalent rates of mineral fertilizers.
Keywords: Vermicompost, growth regulating substances, pathogen, microbes.
GNRSA-2020/749
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF ONION IN TRANS HIMALAYAN REGION OF LEH LADAKH.
THUPSTAN TSEWANG*, KAUSHAL KUMAR, VIVEK VERMA, AVANTIKA, VIVEK KUMAR TIWARI AND SOMEN
ACHARYA.
Agriculture Research Unit, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, DRDO, Union Territory Leh Ladakh-194101.
Onion (Allium cepa) locally known as “tSong” in Leh Ladakh, is one of the most important bulb crops cultivated commercially throughout
the country. People here use onion for gastronomic as well as medicine purpose.(Basanth ballabh and O.P Chaurasia). Ladakh being at high
altitude, suffers from an extremely harsh climate during winter (-300C) and remains cut off for almost six months i.e. from November to April
from rest of the world by surface transportation.(M.S. Raghuvanshi et al). Agriculture is one of the most prominent occupations of the people
of Ladakh since time immemorial. Farmers in Ladakh rely upon agri-livestock livelihood options best suited for sustainable development
involving crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste for nutrient mobilization and plant protection, etc which
promotes biodiversity and agro-ecosystem health. The farmer in Leh produces around 402 MT (Stobdan, et al) of Onion per season yet there
is huge gap in its production and demand level. Lack of standardized cultivar, Transplanting day and archaic storage system are the major
reasons. Due to harsh winter condition crop is cultivated in the summer season only. Most Farmers of Ladakh use Seedling to bulb method of
Onion cultivation. Seedlings are raised in the green houses prior 15-20 days of transplantation; depending upon altitudinal variation the
seedlings are transplanted in the month of April-May. Depending upon the maturation days it took, the crops are harvested in the month of
September-October, usually when 50% of the top has fallen. Farmers use narrow canal locally known as “U-ra” which is the tributaries of
major canal called “ma-yur” for irrigation purposes; Glacier-fed agriculture in the lap of Himalaya has come-up as a small scale farming
system, well adapted to this unique and extreme environment.
GNRSA-2020/750
EVALUATION OF FERTILITY RESTORER GENOTYPES OF RICE ON THE BASIS OF PCA ANALYSIS
TIWARI SHWETA1, KOUTU G. K. 1, KATKANI D1

1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur – 482004, Madhya
Pradesh, INDIA
The hybridization programme required diverse parental population which exhibit maximum heterosis and provide high yield. The assessment
of ninety (90) diversified rice fertility restorer genotypes is necessary for depicting the ideal parental types for future breeding programme.
The present investigation was carried out among rice genotypes plotted in randomized complete block design under rice improvement project
at seed breeding farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Kharif season 2018.The non-parametric method, Principle component analysis (PCA) helps
in extracting the relevant variability from total variability of huge population of ninety genotypes. Out of twenty nine traits studied, with >
1.00 Eigen value and showed about 80.449% total cumulative variability among the traits studied. The rotated component matrix reported
that PC1 have preponderance of maximum variability of about 16.04%, while there is reduction of variability in the succeeding components.
Principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 were mostly dominate for yield traits, PC 4 and PC 5 accounted for quality attributes. PC1 and PC9
reported both yield as well as quality traits. As quality attributes are included in PC4 and PC5 with genotype NPT 10, R710 and JR1301,
which in future may contributes in high quality varietal release.The PC scores articulated common genotypes in PC1, PC2, PC 3 and PC,
related with both yield and quality traits are ANP 526, NPT-3821, JR-1001, JR 1014 and JR- 1062-1. These were found superior based on
yield and quality trait and could be used as donor for quality and yield improvement hybridization programmes
Keywords: Rice restorer lines, Principle component analysis, Hybridization programme and Quality traits.
GNRSA-2020/751
USE OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES; A USEFUL TOOL IN AGRICULTURE
T.P.VAGHASIYA, KARTIK NAKUM AND ADESH KUMAR*

The current situation several types of synthetic pesticides are available but also that fungicides harm the ecosystem and damage human
health. The organic fungicides and biocontrol agents are also accessible in the market that depends on an environmental condition so they can
use only in that particular situation. Some organic methods are a slow and time-consuming process. For farmers, time and every plant are
valuable for economic yields. Synthetic fungicide an alternate solution is nano technology against a pathogen. Nano fungicides in AgNps,
CuNPs, TiO2, chitosan nano particles and nano emulsions are currently used. Those nanoparticles in the silver nanoparticle are a most used in
the agriculture sector because of those different properties such as antiviral, antibacterial and antiviral. Nano silver also used as fertilizer,
growth promoter, nano sensor develops against abiotic stress and insecticide. Present time many research conduct on silver particle and silver
nano-based fungicide is highly effective against pathogens. In future silver nanoparticles will be available for control diseases in the market.
Nanotechnology also helps the detection of pesticides.
Keywords: Nano technology, nano particles, synthetic fungicides, ecosystem, human health etc.
GNRSA-2020/752
STUDIES ON BIO-EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST POD SUCKING BUG, CLAVIGRALLAGIBBOSA (SPINOLA)
INFESTING PIGEONPEA, CAJANUSCAJAN (L.)
U. A. PAWAR* AND S. B. DAS

Department of Agricultural Entomology, Post Graduate Institute, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwaVidyalaya.,
Jabalpur (M.P.), 482 004 India
Pulses are vital source of plant-based proteins and amino acids for people around the globe. Amongst pulses, pigeonpea is an important pulse-
cum-grain legume crop, widely cultivated in India. Pod sucking bugs are the key impediments for the low productivity. Both Nymphs and
adults of pigeonpea pod bug, Clavigrallagibbosa(Spinola) suck the cell sap from the tender pods and cause loss of the grain. Due to its high
fecundity and wide host adaptability, it is necessary to revalidate the efficacy status of insecticides for the effective management in context of
various insecticides utilized by farmers. Under this background, the present investigation was undertaken to investigate the bio-efficacy and
economics of different insecticides against pigeonpea pod bug at experimental field of Department of Entomology, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur
during Kharif 2009-10. The results revealed that Spinosad 45 SC @ 73 g a.i./ha was most effective treatment in minimizing pod
(2.72%) and grain (1.17%) damage respectively. Followed by Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 40 g a.i./ha, Flubendamide 20 WDG @ 50 g
a.i./ha, Endosulfan 35 EC @ 700 ga.i/ha, Pyridalyl 10 EC @ 100 g a.i./ha and Fenpropathrin 30 EC @ 100 g a.i/ha which
recorded (3.63%), (4.54%), (5.45%), (6.04%) and (7.27%) pod damage and (1.49%), (1.70%), (2.36%), (2.75%), and (3.33%)
grain damage respectively. All the treatments were statistically significant in increasing grain yield i.e. (1370.80 Kg/ha to 2943.60 Kg/ha)
over Untreated Control (924.30 Kg/ha). While Endosulfan 35 EC (1:25.62) recorded highest incremental cost benefit ratio followed by
Spinosad 45 SC (1:12.39) and Flubendamide 20 WDG (1:12.17).
GNRSA-2020/753
APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL AND THEIR ROLE IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT
UDAY KUMAR THERA*, ASHMITA TIMSINA

Department Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras HinduUniversity, Varanasi-221005
Agriculture provides food for humans, directly and indirectly. Now a days, it is facing a number of challenges such as low nutrient efficiency,
low crop yields, multiple nutrient shortages, climate change and water availability.One of the frontier technologies like nanotechnology can
be explored as a potential technology for revitalization of the agriculture and food processing industry by innovation of new techniques such
as precision farming techniques, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients, more efficient and targeted use of inputs, disease
detection and control diseases, withstand environmental pressures and effective systems for processing, storage and
packaging.Nanotechnology comprises the designing, manufacture, characterization and application of devices, structures, and systems by
manipulating their size and shape at nano-meter scale. Nanotechnology using nanodevices and nanomaterials delivers new possibilities for
latentinnovative applications in agriculture such as efficient delivery of pesticide and fertilizer using nanomaterial-based formulations such as
nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticides, and nano-herbicides in sustainable and eco-friendly manner.It is used successfully in postharvest to maintain
the freshness, quality, and shelf life of the stored product and prevent disease occurrence in a fairly safe manner. It may act as sensors for
monitoring soil quality of agricultural field and thus it maintains the health of agricultural plants. The use of nanomaterials in agriculture is a
novelty that requires additional research. The social and ethical implications of the use of nanotechnology in agriculture need to be
considered. Before commercialization and application in the field, it is necessary to assess the toxicity of nanomaterials.This review
summarizes some of the new developments in smart delivery systems and nano-biosensor technologiesto increase crop yields.
Keywords: nanotechnology, precision farming, nano-fertilizers, nano-biosensors, smart delivery systems
GNRSA-2020/754
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NUTRIENTS AND GROWTH REGULATOR ON FRUIT QUALITY OF
POMEGRANATE CV. BHAGWA
ULFATULLAH, SATPAL BALODA**, S.K.SEHRAWAT, J.R. SHARMA, G.S. RANA, ARVIND MALIK AND JAYANTI
TOKAS*
Department of Horticulture, *Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (Haryana) India
The experiment comprising of eleven treatments of nutrients and growth regulator was conducted on seven years old plants at Experimental
Orchard of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2019-20 to study the effect of urea,
ZnSO4 and NAA on fruit quality of pomegranate. The data were recorded on total soluble solids (B⁰), total sugars (%), reducing sugars (%),
non reducing sugars (%), acidity (%), aril (%), peel (%), juice (%), anthocyanin content (mg/100g) and fruit colour. The recorded data were
subjected to statistical analysis using RBD. The result of the experiment indicates that the foliar application of urea, ZnSO4, and NAA had a
significantly positive effect on most of the recorded parameters. The maximum potential of pomegranate plants in respect of fruit TSS (14.6
%), total sugars (12.80 %), reducing sugar (10.90 %), non reducing sugars (1.90 %), aril (61.8%), juice (35.2 %), anthocyanin content (15.42
mg/100 g), fruit colour (4.00 visual scored) was exploited to a maximum level and acidity (0.68 %), peel (38.2 %) to a minimum level with
foliar application of urea 1.0% + ZnSO4 0.5%.
Keywords: Pomegranate, nutrients, growth regulator, fruit quality.
GNRSA-2020/755
ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLES
UMA KANT SINGH, AMIT KUMAR PANDEY, MANOJ KUMAR, ASHWINI CHOUDHARY, NIRU KUMARI AND
MAHENDRA KUMAR SHARMA
1
Asstt. Prof.-cum- Jr. Scientist, RRS and MBAC, Agwanpur, Saharsa (BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur)
For many centuries, farming was done by human without synthetic biocides or inorganic biofertilizers, relying on organic fertilizers derived
from plants and animals and protecting crops from pests and diseases using naturally occurring materials. Increasing concern about food
quality, farm workers health, rural development and the environmental impacts of farming system have focussed the attention on alternative
production system, including organics. Organic farming is estimated to be growing at 30% a year worldwide. The demand for certified
organic produce, especially vegetables currently exceeds supply and in many cases the organic produce attracts premium prices. Organic
vegetable production is undergoing a rapid transformation as the demand for healthier food and more environmentally sound production
increases globally. Organic fertilizers offer many benefits for horticulture. Firstly, they release nutrients slowly. Secondly, this slow release
avoid overfeeding thus avoid providing too much nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium all of which can be harmful in too high doses. Thirdly,
they create a good environment for beneficial soil organisms such as earthworms which improve the soil structure by incorporating organic
matter well down into the top soil creating drainage and air tunnel. In organic farming a number of methods are used to maintain soil fertility.
These include crop rotation, cover crops, green manuring and addition of animal manures and plant wastes. Well managed organic vegetable
production system can provide food security and a healthy diet for human while being less harmful to the environment and more efficient in
natural resource use. Organic wastes act as a reservoir of plant nutrients and also prevent their loss by chelation. It helps in buffering capacity
of soil and in maintaining soil structure as well as a source of carbon for heterotrophs. Some of the detrimental effects of organic wastes
inclusion includes proliferation of pathogens and hindrance in tillage and planting operation. It may be detrimental due to allelochemicals and
phytotoxins. Overall, organic production system for vegetables will improve productivity and product quality, reduces production cost, risk to
human health and impact on the environment.
GNRSA-2020/756
MICRO AND NANO POLLUTANTS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ARE A THREAT TO AGRICULTURAL SOIL AND FOOD CHAIN
URFI JAHAN*, FAREED AHMAD KHAN

Plant Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh- 202002, India.
Urbanisation, industrialisation and ever-growing human population have led to an increase in sewage sludge generation. It became a
widespread practice to use sludge on agricultural soils as fertiliser. Wastewater treatment processes result in the formation of sewage sludge
or biosolid, that contain many micro and nano-sized pollutants which may have seriously contaminated agricultural soils in the world for
many years. Hence, sewage sludge may be considered a nuisance on account of the presence of a wide range of pollutants such as heavy
metals, toxic organics, microplastics, engineered nanomaterials, and pharmaceuticals. Almost all kinds of sewage sludge consist of heavy
metals such as Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg. Recently, micro, nano plastics and nanoparticles are emerging a steadily increasing soil contaminant, and
sewage treatment plants are acting as a significant source. Few studies suggested several tonnes of microplastics are added to farmlands
annually as a result of biosolids application. However, a long-term or excessive use of sludge use can cause heavy metal, nanoparticles and
microplastics accumulation in agricultural soils and may show an adverse effect on plants. These micro and nano-sized pollutants may
negatively affect the environment eventually human health via consumption of crops grown under sludge-amended soils as these are
persistent in the terrestrial environment and can be transported from soil to higher trophic levels which may cause cytotoxicity and
bioaccumulation. There is no recommended standard dose or guideline available in India. We conclude that sludge application must be
considered as a potential source of micro and nano pollutants for agricultural soils, and solutions are needed to minimise these contamination
risks while continuing this practice as an essential option to secure soil health.
Keywords: Sewage sludge,Microplastic, Nanoparticles, Nano plastic.
GNRSA-2020/757
CONTRIBUTION OF ARTIFICIAL SEED AND CROP IMPROVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE
URMILA MAIBAM1, SUSHANTI THOKCHOM2 AND HOABIJAM JAMES WATT3

1
School of Crop Improvement, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Science
CAU-Umium, Meghalaya-793103, 2School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Science CAU-Umium,
Meghalaya-793103 3
Artificial seeds or synseeds are artificially encapsulated somatic embryos (usually) or other vegetative parts such as shoot buds, cell
aggregates, auxiliary buds, or any other micropropagules which can be sown as a seed and converted into a plant under in vitro or in vivo
conditions. It is a promising technique for the propagation of transgenic plants, and plant lines that has problem in seed propagation. The
production of plant clones multiplied by tissue culture and distributed as artificial seeds could be a useful alternative to the costly F1 hybrids
for different crop plants. It cuts short the laborious procedure of conventional recombination breeding and can bring the advancements of
biotechnology in a cost effective way. Artificial seeds have a variety of applications in crop improvement such aslarge scale clonal
propagation, germplasm conservation, breeding of plants in which propagation through normal seeds is not possible, genetic uniformity, easy
storage and transportation etc. For some ornamental and extinct plant species, it is the only means of propagation.Apart from this, they have
been used in commercial production of autogamous plant species, genetically modified plants, conifers, algae etc. Overallartificial seed
technology has influenced almost every aspect of plant biotechnology and has the potential to become the most promising and viable
technology for large scale production of plants thereby contributing to the development of agriculture.
Keywords:Artificial seed, synseeds,somatic embryos, shoot buds, cell aggregates, auxiliary buds, micropropagules and clonal propagation.
GNRSA-2020/758
AUGMENTING VEGETABLE PRODUCTION THROUGH VERTICAL FARMING
V. D. TAYADE1*, A. M. SONKAMBLE2, A. K. JAWARKAR1

1,
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture,
2,
Head, Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture,
India has witnessed increase in vegetable production over the last few years. Significant progress has been made in area expansion resulting
in higher production. The production of vegetables has increased from 101.2 Million Tonnes to 184.40 Million Tonnes since 2004-05 to
2017-18. As the world population continues to grow at a rapid rate, accompanied by a substantial growth in food demand which is expected
to transpire in the next 50 years, 80 % of the population will be living in urban areas. In order to feed this growing population, there is a need
for sustainable urban food. Producing sustainable urban food requires considering all factors of sustainability collectively including,
environmental, social and economic advancement. A new method that has been proposed to address the issue of sustainability and to meet the
growing food demand is, designing and implementing vertical farms. Vertical farming is a concept that involves cultivating plants with
livestock on vertically inclined surfaces such as in skyscrapers in urban areas, where there is a lack of available land and space. Vertical
Farming can be potentially beneficial in increasing vegetable food production, maintaining high quality and safety and contributing to
sustainable urban farming. Well-known advantages of growing vegetable food within the urban territory can be beneficial environmentally,
socially and economically. Vertical farms can also provide solutions for increasing food security worldwide. Vertical Farming is an
innovative approach to produce good quantities of nutritious and quality fresh vegetables all year round in small area, without relying on
skilled labour and favourable weather or high water usage. The Vertical Farm is cheap to construct and safe to operate. If successfully
implemented, they offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply. Unemployed youth of urban
area can start earning through integrated vertical farms and supply nutritious, fresh and organic vegetable foods in their locality.
Keywords: Vertical Farming, Urban, Vegetables, Skyscrapers, Food Security.
GNRSA-2020/759
NATURAL REGENERATION OF TREE PLANTATIONS: IMPACT ON SOIL AND MICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS,
INSECTS AND SPIDER POPULATION
V. DAVAMANI1*, E. PARAMESWARI1, R. SANGEETHA PIRIYA1 AND T.ILAKIYA1

1
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003.
The soil characteristics in the area of tree plantations plays a major role in the carbon sequestration potential of the trees and the living
biomass, soil (roots and microbes), recalcitrant organic and inorganic carbon contributes. Carbon sequestration potential of tree plantations
are affected by soil organic and inorganic carbon pools, carbon sequestration in tree biomass, rate of CO2 evolution from the soil surface,
carbon fluxes through net primary productivity. The acid concentration, degree of acid dissociation and the strength of acids present in the
soil determines the soil pH. One of the most important ecological restoration techniques were the forest plantations using native- tree species.
The forest succession might be catalyzed by plantations of native trees and also improves soil quality, facilities the recruitment of shrubs and
trees and restores ecological interactions. In natural regeneration process, the species richness and density of natural regeneration were
affected by the factors such as planted tree species, location of the plantation in the landscape and soil conditions. The impact of disturbance
on insect diversity shows insect diversity would not much differ in undisturbed and disturbed area because of capability of insects by
recolonizing in changed habitats. The role of microorganisms in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium and integrity of the biosphere is so
critical that the continued existence of life is dependent on the sustained, microbial mediated transformation of matter in both terrestrial and
aquatic environments. The basal respiration, dehydrogenase activity and metabolic coefficient are the indicators of microbial activity that
influences the efficiency and oxidative capacity of the metabolic processes in microbes and also they were related to the quantity and quality
of organic matter.
GNRSA-2020/760
STUDY OF BIOLOGY OF MAJOR LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS – CABBAGE BUTTERFLY & DIAMOND BACK MOTH IN COLE
CROPS ECOSYSTEM
V. LALNUNPUII1 & R. LALRINFELI2*
1
Senior Project Associate, NEIDA, Mizoram
2*
Department of Entomology, College of Horticulture, Thenzawl, Mizoram
Vegetable cultivation is important in the agriculture economy of India particularly in the north eastern states. Among the vegetables, cole
crops are one of the most abundantly consumed vegetables all over the world. It provides much needed dietary fibres, essential minerals and
vitamins. The chief constraint in the production of cole crops is insect pest complex, which damage the crops right from germination till
harvesting time. Among all, lepidopteran pests are dominant and causing huge losses in cole crops. The major lepidopteran pests of cole
crops includes large cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus); Indian cabbage white butterfly, Pieris canidia (Linnaeus)and
Diamond back moth, Plutella xyllostella (Linnaeus). Hence, an investigation was carried out to study the effects of different host plants on
biological attributes of these major lepidopteran pests Overall results revealed that, different host plants were found to have variable effects
on certain biological parameters. Cabbage was found to be the most preferred host for oviposition by all the pests. Significant differences in
larval period were found during the 4th instar of P. canidia while pupal period, larval and pupal weight of P. canidia was not affected due to
different host plants. Larval period of 3 rd instar and 4th instar of P. xylostella was found to be affected by the different host plants. Pupal
period was significantly higher on knol-khol (5.06±0.26 days) and lowest on cabbage (4.30±0.40 days). Interestingly, adult longevity of P.
xylostella was also found to be significantly higher, when their larvae were reared on knol- khol (8.6±0.24 days). Larval weight was
considerably noticeable from the 2nd instar onwards and pupal weight was observed to be significantly highest on knol- khol (0.89±0.26 mg)
and lowest on cabbage (0.58±0.08 g). This study can be concluded that, cabbage is the most preferred host for oviposition for major
lepidopteran pests.
Keywords: Large cabbage white butterfly, Indian cabbage white butterfly, DBM, biological attributes, Lepidopteran Pests.
GNRSA-2020/761
EFFECT OF BORON AND ZINC ON ECONOMICS AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF BT COTTON UNDER RAINFED
CONDITION
V. R. MORE., V. K. KHARGKHARATE., S. B. PAWAR

Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth Parbhani
Field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season in Indian in 2017 at central farm Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi
Vidyapeeth Parbhani. To study the “Effect of Boron and Zinc on yield and quality of Bt. cotton under rainfed condition. The treatment was
RDF along with Micronutrients i.e., Zinc and boron with soil and foliar application. The Application of 125% RDF + foliar spraying of 0.5%
Zinc+0.2% Boron (T11) twice during flowering (60 DAS) and boll development stage (80 DAS) recorded significantly highest higher gross
monetary returns (1,04,356), net monetary returns (62,445) and benefit cost ratio (2.49) but it was at par with the 125 % RDF + foliar
spraying of 0.2% of Boron (T8) and 125 % RDF +foliar spraying 0.5 % Zinc (T9).Highest uptake of NPK and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn
and Cu) were recorded with Application of 125% RDF + foliar spraying of 0.5% Zinc+0.2% Boron (T11) twice during flowering (60 DAS)
and boll development stage (80 DAS).The lowest gross monetary returns, net monetary returns and benefit cost ratio uptake of NPK and
micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) were recorded with 100% RDF (120:60:60 NPK kg ha-1) Control (T1).
Keywords: Boron, zinc, NPK, effect.
GNRSA-2020/762
EX- SITU CONSERVATION OF FUTURE FRUITS FOR NUTRITIONAL SECURITY OF INDIA
V. S. MEENA*, J.C.RANA, ASHOK KUMAR AND KULDEEP SINGH

ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi-110012
The hot arid and semi arid regions spread mainly in seven state of India which cover around 31.7 Mha area. These regions are
characterized by low and erratic rainfall with high evapotranspiration. These harsh climatic conditions are unsuitable for cultivation of prized
fruit crops. However, many fruit species that have efficient tap root system and drought and heat escape mechanism can be future crops of
these regions. Some fruit species like kair (Capparis decidua), lasora (Cordia myxa), Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), pilu (Salvadora oleoides),
khejri (Prosopis cineraria), phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis), bael (Aegle marmelos), karonda (Carissa carandas), fig (Ficus carica) and
Khirni (Manikara hexandra) etc. of Indian origin can become popular in arid regions because of their nutritional value and ability to undergo
in to dormancy during unfavourable climatic conditions condition like extreme hot or extreme cold situation. More than 30 % of rural
families in our country still living below poverty line due to smallholding size, waste and degraded lands, resulting in uneconomic
agriculture. These fruit species can be a boon for them having advantages in terms of ease in growing and good economic return with
nutritional security. Hence, ex situ conservation of horticultural genetic resources started at Exp. Station ICAR-NBPGR, Issapur farm during
2017 to provide an opportunity to breeder to select elite germplasms for domestication through characterization and hybridization. As on
today, the gene bank having 110 accession of these perennials.
Keywords: Neglected, fruits, ex situ –conservation, arid, germplasm
GNRSA-2020/763
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY TESTS OF CREDIT
V. S. MEENA*, DEVENDRA KUMAR MEENA**AND UDAI BHAN SINGH***

* &** Assistant Professor College of Agriculture, Bharatpur
***Professor& Dean College of Agriculture, Bharatpur, Rajasthan
The technological break-thorough achieved in Indian agriculture made the agriculture capital intensive. In India most of the farmers are
capital starved. They need credit at right time, through right agency and in adequate quantity to achieve maximum productivity. This is from
farmer’s point of view. After preparing loan proposal when a farmer approaches an Institutional Financial Agency (IFA), the banker should
be convinced about the economic viability of the proposed investments. Economic Feasibility Tests of Credit When the economic feasibility
of the credit is being considered, three basic financial aspects are to be assessed by the banker. If the loan is advanced, Next to 3 Rs of
returns, the other important tests applied to study the economic feasibility of the proposed investment activity are 5 Cs of credit viz.,
character, capacity, capital, condition and commonsense. The basis for any credit transaction is trust. Even though the bank insists The
increased role of financial institutions due to technological changes on agricultural front necessitated the evolving of principles of farm
finance, which are expected to bring not only the commercial gains to the bankers but also social benefits. The principles so evolved by the
institutional financial agencies are expected to have universal validity. These principles are popularly called as 7 Ps of farm credit
Keywords: Three “R”, Five Cs’ OF Credit & Seven Ps of Credit
GNRSA-2020/764
CHANGES IN LAND USE AND CROPPING PATTERN IN SOLAPUR DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA
V. S. TALEKAR (MSC. AGRI.), DR. K. V. DESHMUKH (RESEARCH GUIDE), R. R. MALI.(MSC. Agri.)

Department of Agricultural Economics, COA, Parbhani, VNMKV, Parbhani.431402 (M.S).
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy, and is still the largest source of livelihood for the Indian people. Agriculture sector employs
more than 50 percent of the total workforce in India and contributes around 17-18 per cent to the country’s GDP. Present abstract explain that
the changes in land use and cropping pattern of Solapur district during 2003-04 to 2017-18. Geographical area of the district is 1487800 ha.
Among that the area under forest, barren and uncultivable land, land under non-agriculture use, cultivable waste, permanent pasture, land
under miscellaneous tree, net sown area, gross cropped area and cropping intensity are increases during the study period. And the current
fallow, other fallow land are declined it is the good indication of agricultural development in the district. In cropping pattern area under
cereal, pulses, oilseed, cash crops, which are highly increase in the district, which is positive change in agriculture helpful for agricultural
development in district. This is due the some government efforts, availability of sufficient amount of water due to application of rain water
harvesting technique, use of modern agriculture technology by the farmers and also cultivation of lower water requirement crops.
GNRSA-2020/765
EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM APPLICATIONS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
V. UDAY KIRAN*, UMESHA, C.

Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj- 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
A Field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The
soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.3), low in organic carbon (0.57%), available N (230
kg/ha), available P (32.10 kg/ha) and available K (235 kg/ha). The treatments consist of four levels of magnesium (MgSO4) soil application
and two levels of magnesium (MgSO4) foliar spray and one respective control was used. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block
Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice. The result showed that viz: plant height (171.8 cm), maximum leaf area index (4.55) and
maximum seeds per row (30.93) were recorded significantly higher with application of 30 kg/ha MgSO4 + 0.25% MgSO4 foliar spray. The
significantly higher relative growth rate was observed in Control treatment (0.004 g/g/day) at 80-100 DAS. And number of leaves per plant
(13.67), maximum dry weight (153.7 g), maximum crop growth rate (5.48 g/m2/day), maximum grain yield (4950 kg/ha), stover yie ld (6291
kg/ha) were recorded significantly higher with application of 30 kg/ha MgSO4 + 0.5% MgSO4 foliar spray. The maximum gross return
(87,129.8 ₹/ha), net return (57,131.7 ₹/ha) and B:C ratio (1.90) were recorded with application of 30 kg/ha MgSO4 + 0.5% MgSO4 foliar
spray.
Keywords: maize, magnesium, foliar spray
GNRSA-2020/766
FARM WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH ADOPTION OF INCOME GENERATIONAL ACTIVITIES UTILIZING THE
FALLOW LAND IN THE WEST KAMENG DISTRICT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH NER INDIA
V.K. MISRA1, N.D. SINGH1, C.P. SINGH2, T.S. MISRA1 AND A.N. TRIPATHI3
K.V.K West Kameng Dirang Arunachal Pradesh
Associate Professor College Of Fisheries ANDUAT Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P)
K.V.K Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh
The women make up half of the world population (about half of the humanity), their participation in various activities is not the same as
men’s even today. Without the participation of women in the overall development process, society as a whole cannot be said to develop
sufficiently therefore keeping the view in mind a study was conducted to determine the extent of empowerment dimension namely social
mobility of rural women through income generating activities and also to explore relationship between the selected characteristics of the
women and their empowerment. The 30 nos. of farm women were randomly adopted for the purpose among a pool of 80 farm families in the
DFI adopted village i.e. Chug village of Dirang circle, West Kameng District Arunachal Pradesh. The different interventions were made to
initiate the income generation through involvement of specially women famers. In the study area various income generating activities were
started trough the interventions made by the K.V.K with a strong scientific temperament for the study. The necessary input for the said
purpose like quality seed of suitable vegetable/maize crops, fish fingerlings along with feed material for initial startup were made available by
the KVK. In the starting phase the facility for land preparation had also been provided to the beneficiaries by the our Kendra through using
the rented tractor as the land was unutilized fallow land since long back having requirement of hard work for the preparation and training for
the purpose have been also imparted by the scientists from the KVK as per demand received by the farmers. Among their different income
generation activities adopted so for they were ranked on the basis of increase in the income percentage. According to rank order vegetable
production including ginger was found to rank first followed by the fruit, nursery & rootstock production of temperate fruit crops as 2nd, the
production of different crops like paddy and maize, as 3 rd while fishery & poultry as 4th, livestock production as 5th while mushroom
production as 6th and Vermi-composting as 7th respectively. Majority of the activities were agriculture related while two activities i.e.
handicrafts and weaving of sweaters were found out of agricultural activities.
Keywords: Empowerment, handicrafts, income generational activities, fallow land, fish fingerlings & temperate fruit crops etc.
GNRSA-2020/767
AGENCY WISE INSTITUTIONAL ADVANCES FOR AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES IN NORTH KARNATAKA
WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON INVESTMENT CREDIT
V.K. PATIL1* S.B. MAHAJANASHETTI2
1* Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agribusiness Management, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka-580005,
2. Professor, Department of Agribusiness Management, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka-580005.
The present study has analyzed the agency wise institutional advances for agriculture and allied activities in North Karnataka for the last 13
years i.e. 2005-06 to 2017-18. Secondary data with respect to agency wise disbursement of agricultural credit in general and investment credit
in particular from various financial institutions for North Karnataka were collected from various sources like district lead banks, NABARD,
books and journals for the period 2005-06 to 2017-18. It was found that the commercial banks having maximum share in the total investment
credit for agriculture by institutional agencies is not surprising as the commercial banks with their wide branch networking and strong capital
base, occupy first position in the total agricultural lending in the study area. Also, the demand for investment in farm mechanization and
minor irrigation activities is more in North Karnataka region as compared to remaining investment activities during a given period of time.
Keywords: Agricultural credit, institutional advances, investment loan, North Karnataka, short term loan
GNRSA-2020/768
OPINION OF STUDENTS AND TECHNICAL STAFF ABOUT AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN JHARKHAND
V.K. YADAV1, NIRMAL KUMAR2, ASIT CHAKRABARTI3, PRADIP KUMAR SARKAR 4, B. K. JHA 5, A. K. SINGH 6 AND
UJJWAL KUMAR 7
1
.Principal Scientist (Agril. Extension), ICAR-RCER, FSRCHPR, Ranchi, 2.Principal Scientist (Agril.Extension) and Head, TOT division,
ICAR-IINRG, Ranchi 3.Senior Scientist (LPM), ICAR-RCER, FSRCHPR, Ranchi, 4. Scientist (Agroforestry), ICAR-RCER, FSRCHPR,
Ranchi 5. Principal Scientist (Horticulture), ICAR-RCER, FSRCHPR, Ranchi, 6.Principal Scientist (Horticulture) and Head, ICAR-RCER,
FSRCHPR, Ranchi, and 7. The Director, ICAR-RCER, Patna,
The impact of climatic variability on farming may threaten food security and livelihood activities. Agricultural biotechnology (genetically
modified crops, tissue culture, marker assisted selection, etc.) has potential to meet food requirement of human population and cope up
adverse impact of climate change. The Government has allowed cultivation of Bt Cotton in India. People are having different opinion about
cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops. There is apprehension from few people that GM crops may adversely affect human beings as
well as animals. But few people are in favour of adoption of GM crops for enhancing productivity and human welfare. Knowledge about
agricultural biotechnology especially GM crops is crucial for providing feedback regarding acceptance or rejection of the technology. The
present study was contemplated to find out opinion of students and technical staff about agricultural biotechnology especially GM crops. Data
was collected from 50 students of relevant disciplines and 50 technical staff of ICAR institutes and Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi,
Jharkhand. Students and technical staff were having favourable opinion about most of the statements of Agricultural Biotechnology. Eighty
per cent students and fourty per cent technical staff are in favour that Government should allow cultivation of GM crops at farmers’ field for
increasing production and productivity. Forty percent students and thirty percent technical staff respondents were in favour of labelling of
GM food. Sixty per cent respondents of both categories stated that adoption of GM crops will lead to monopoly of private companies. The
outcome of study will help in policy formulation about adoption of agricultural Biotechnology.
Keywords: Agricultural biotechnology, GM crops, Tissue culture, Attitude, Opinion
GNRSA-2020/769
IMPORTANCE AND APPLICATION OF HURDLE TECHNOLOGY IN FOOD PRESERVATION
VAISHALI*, SAMSHER* AND HARSH P. SHARMA**

*College of Post Harvest Technology & Food Processing Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut
**College of Food Processing Technology & Bio Energy, Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat
Hurdle technology is the combined use of several preservation methods to make a product shelf stable and to provide additional safety.
Hurdles disturb the homeostasis of micro-organisms. Micro-organisms are unable to jump over all the hurdles present in the food product.
Preservation factor prevent micro-organisms from multiplying and cause them inactive or die. Potential hurdles used in food preservation are
high temperature, low temperature, low water activity, increased acidity, reduced redox potential, bio-preservatives and chemical
preservatives. This technology improves product quality and microbial safety. It saves money, energy and several other resources. It is
applicable in both large and small industries. There is an opportunities to use natural preservation in combination with synthetic
preservatives. This paper discusses the importance and application of hurdle technology.
Keywords: Food, micro-organism, hurdles, preservation
GNRSA-2020/770
APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND IN FOOD PROCESSING
VAISHALI*, SAMSHER* AND HARSH P. SHARMA**

*College of Post Harvest Technology & Food Processing
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut
** College of Food Processing Technology & Bio Energy
Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat
Ultrasound is versatile and innovative technology due to its wide range of application. It is used in food industry for many purpose including
freezing, cutting, drying, tempering, homogenization, degassing, antifoaming, filtration and extraction. It can be used as promoter or
alternative to food processing. Ultrasound can be used an alternative method to thermal method in the food preservation. Low power
ultrasound is thought to be attractive non thermal method due to overcome problems which occur during heat treatment such as physical and
chemical nutritional loss and change in organoleptic properties. Low energy ultrasound applications are performed at frequency higher than
100 kHz and below 1w/cm2 intensities. It is generally used for analytical application to get information about the physicochemical properties
of food such as composition, structure and physical state. High energy ultrasound application are performed generally at frequency between
18 to 100 KHz and intensities higher than 1w/cm2. It is used to generate emulsion, disrupt cell and disperse aggregated materials. The paper
discusses the various application of ultrasound for food processing
Keywords: Preservation, Ultrasound, food, antifoaming and extraction
GNRSA-2020/771
GCA AND SCA FOR FRUIT PARAMETERS OF OKRA (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench)
VALLURU MANJU VANI, B. K. SINGH AND S. V. S. RAJU1

Department of Horticulture, 1Department of Entomology,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Combining ability effects of yield and its components in okra were studied through full diallel analysis of 66 F 1 hybrids derived by crossing
12 nearly homozygous germplasm lines namely, IC- 45831, IC- 282272, IC- 43733, IC- 43750, IC- 45802, Sel – 4, PusaMukhmali,
ParbhaniKranti, VRO- 3, Sel – 10, Pusa A-4 and SB – 8 and the commercial check used was ArkaAnamika. Out of these 12 genotypes, IC-
45802, ParbhaniKranti and VRO-3 exhibited highest significant GCA effect for fruit yield per plant (g) and for fruit yield per hectare (q).
High GCA effects are attributed to additive or additive x additive gene effects, which represent the fixable genetic components of variance.
Of the top three cross combinations showing positively significant SCA effects for total fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare were,
IC-45802×SB-8 (49.85), IC-45802×Pusa A-4 (48.46), IC-282272×Sel-4 (48.07). The first two crosses involved high x low general combiners
as parents, while the remaining cross involved low x low general combiners as parents. High performance of these crosses may be attributed
to additive x additive (high x high), additive x dominance (high x low) or dominance x dominance (low x low) epistatic interactions.
Superiority of the cross combinations involving high x low or low x low general combiners as parents may be attributed to the genetic
diversity in the form of number of heterozygous loci of the parents involved in the cross combinations
GNRSA-2020/772
APPLICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES FOR PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT
VANAMA. SOWMYA1
1.PhD scholar, Dept. of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Hyderabad,
The current arises in multidrug resistance against phytopathogens infections has become a significant issue to plant
health and global food security. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently gained generous attention as potential
alternatives to plant disease resistance because of their potent multifarious antimicrobial activity against disease causing
agents like fungi, bacteria and virus. A wide range of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from numerous beneficial and
nonbeneficial microorganisms have been characterised till now. AMPs are low molecular weight proteins molecules that
protect plants from the biotic stress. Living organisms secrete a wide range of AMPs, among them some AMPs
synthesized by canonical gene expression called as ribosomal AMPs and other AMPs considered non-ribosomal AMPs,
which synthesized by modular enzymes generating systems. Plants produced an array of AMPs, yet are still unknow to
many phytopathogen invasions. Plant derived AMPs have great diversity in their structure and function and induced
innate immune system in plants. The biologically active AMPs in plants mainly depends on direct and indirect interactions
with membrane lipids. Several antimicrobial peptides are the basis for the model of new synthetic analogues, have been
expressed in transgenic plants to provide supports against diseases. These peptides have shown significant ability to
manage plant diseases and can provide eco-friendly alternative to hazardous conventional methods. In this present
chapter, a comprehensive study on antimicrobial peptides has been done to confer their role in stress suppression
activities in plants. This would surely facilitate in a bottomless insight about the mode of action of AMPs against pathogen
infections. Once a better knowledge developed about the mechanism, it will be easy to target next generation of
antimicrobial peptides which may have multitargeted approach.
GNRSA-2020/773
BIO-EFFICACY OF Trichoderma sp.AND EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES AGAINST STEM ROT OF RICE CAUSED
BYScleoritina oryzae
VANDANA SAHU1,2*, SHIV SHANKAR PATEL2,ASHWANI KUMAR PATEL2 AND PHANINDRA P V2

1
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur
2
Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi
Rice is one of the major grains of the India and also significant part of the national economy. Its production is severely affected by various
biotic and abiotic stresses. Among different fungal disease stem rot of rice caused by Scleoritina oryzae leads to great losses. Under adverse
conditions sclerotia are formed and act as main source of primary inoculum till the other collateral or/and alternate hosts appearance in the
vicinity. Thus the present study is to know the bio efficacy of Trichoderma sp. (T.15, T.123, T.13, T.175, and T.31) against Scleoritina
oryzae under control condition and the evaluation of fungicides under control as well field condition. Trichoderma in dual culture inhibited
mycelial growth of S. oryzae and the inhibition ranged from 60.00 to 68.70 percent over control. Twelve fungicides were assessed in vitro to
assess the efficacy of them on S. oryzae. Among the fungicides tested, Index, bayleton, Dhan-Team and Vitavax power totally inhibited the
growth of the fungus under control condition. No sclerotial production was recorded in all those where the fungus was totally inhibited. The
sclerotial development was also inversely proportional to the inhibition percent of the mycelia growth. Three fungicides Taqat, Captan and
Hexaconazole at different concentrations were taken for field experiment. The data were significantly superior to the control in reducing
disease incidence ranging from 37.57% to 7.95% under field condition. Bayleton, Dhan-team, Vitavax power and Index were highly effective
in inhibiting the growth and sclerotial formation. Fungicides Captan, Taqat and Hexaconazole and found to be effective over control in
reducing the disease incidence.
Keywords: Rice, stem rot, Sclerotium oryzae, Trichoderma, evaluation of fungicides.
GNRSA-2020/774
ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF MUSHROOM METABOLITES AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT PATHOGENS
MS. VANDITA SHARMA.

Asstt.Professor.Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology.Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut.
Throughout human health history, there has been a continual battle between humans and the multitude of microorganisms that cause infection
and disease. Beginning around the middle of the 20th century, major advances in antibacterial drug development and other means of infection
control helped turn the tide in favour of humans As antimicrobial usage increased, so did the level and complexity of the resistance
mechanisms exhibited by bacterial pathogens. World Health Organisation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mentions in its
priority list of pathogens which impose urgent, serious, concerning threats and drug development has to be kept in priority list against them.
Those imposing serious threats include members of Enterobacteriaceae multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillicin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus among others. The above mentioned bacteria cause severe and often deadly infections as bloodstream infections and
pneumonia. For a long time mushrooms have been playing an important role in several aspects of the human activity. The scientific
community, in search of new therapeutic alternatives, has studied many kinds of mushrooms. Macro fungi have been used as a valuable food
source and as traditional medicines around the world since ancient times, especially in Japan and China. Bioactive secondary metabolites of
mushrooms have been documented to exhibit antimicrobial activities.The present study focused on screening of bioactive metabolites of
mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus djamor and Pleurotus sajor. The pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from
different clinical samples and were biochemically characterized. The pathogens’ antimicrobial susceptibility was also tested which revealed a
resistance profile. The mushroom extracts have shown their inhibitory activity against the pathogens which is comparable to the
commercially available antibiotics.Despite the huge diversity of antibiotics and increased investments in pharmaceutics the battle with
pathogenic microorganisms continues. Thus, we have to look at alternative and natural avenues for treatment.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, mushroom, bioactive metabolites.
GNRSA-2020/775
EFFECT OF HUMIC ACID AND NPK ON FLOWERING AND YIELD OF CHRYSANTHEMUM
VANLALRUATI, PRATIVA ANAND AND S.S. SINDHU

Division of Floriculture and Landscaping ICAR-IARI, New Delhi -110012
An experiment was conducted during 2019--2020 to elucidate the response of Chrysanthemum on humic acid and NPK. The treatments
consists of T0 ( control), T1( Humic acid (10%) @ 20 mL/ plot), T2 (Humic acid (10%) @ 30 mL/ plot), T3 (Mineral NPK (19:19:19)
@ 20g/plot) , T4 (Mineral NPK (19:19:19) @ 30g/plot) ,T5 ( Humic acid @ 10 mL/ plot + mineral NPK fertilizer 19:19:19 @10g/plot), T6
(Humic acid @ 20 mL/ plot + mineral NPK fertilizer 19:19:19 @10g/plot) and T7(Humic acid @ 30 mL/ plot + mineral NPK fertilizer
19:19:19 @10g/plot) applied under randomized block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. All the vegetative and floral attributes are
significantly influenced by the addition of humic acid and NPK and obtained results revealed that T7 (Humic acid @ 20 mL/ plot + mineral
NPK fertilizer 19:19:19 @10g/plot) was found the best treatment combination for plant architecture, early and profuse flowering, sucker
production and field longevity enhancement.
Keywords: Chrysanthemum, humic acid, NPK, flowering
GNRSA-2020/776
ROLE OF INTERCROPPING IN WEED MANAGEMENT
VARSHA NAKALA1 ,N.LAVANYA2, AND RAJAP SHIVA KUMAR3

1
PhD scholar, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junargadh-362001, JAU.
2&3
PhD Scholar, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-030, Telangana State, India
Intercropping is age old practice and by the turn of the 20 thcentury, the practice common in definition. The term intercropping is defined as
cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land with a definite row pattern. The main aim of intercropping is to
obtain a maximum yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources. The land is better utilized in spatial and time dimension.
Objectives of Intercropping cropping
1. As an insurance against crop failure under aberrant weather conditions as well as disease and pest attack.
2. Maximise the total productivity along with returns per unit area and also ensures stability.
3. Efficient utilization of resources such as land, labour and inputs.
4. Builds up soil fertility and diversification of cropping system.
5. Aids in pest and disease management. This practice also helps to suppress weeds by crop competition.
6. Reduces the risk of soil erosion and helps in soil and water conservation.
Intercropping is one among the cultural methods of weed management practices. Intercrops like cowpea, greengram etc., also act as cover
crop compete actively with weeds for space, water and minerals and also maintain the ecological diversity in the field.Similar to that of live
mulching, the success of intercropping relies on the best match between the requirements of component species for light, water and nutrients,
which maximize the resource use complementarity and reduces competition between the intercrops, which means optimizing intercrop spatial
arrangement, crop densities and growth rate over growth in given environment. The reduction weed density and drymatter can be attributed to
shading effect and competition stress by the canopy of more crops in a unit area suppressing the weeds to attain full growth. Even though
intercropping can be used as a potential cultural tool to manage weeds, but when not properly planned itself may not be able toprovide
satisfactory level of weed control. Unless crop canopies of all intercrops compensateeach other for a better shade for the under-story, weed
suppressionwould not be achieved to a considerable extent. Intercropping in combination with other practices like intercultivation,
solarisation, chemical weed control. But when going for chemical weed control herbicides must be selected carefully so that the used
herbicides are not phytotoxic to any of the intercrops. Hence integration of intercropping with other methods systematically is mandatory for
efficient weed control, maximum utilization of resources and attaining superior yield as well as income in a sustainable manner.
GNRSA-2020/777
EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND SPACINGS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GUNDU (Capsicum annuum) UNDER
KONKANAGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
VARSHA R.GOSAVI, Y. R. PARULEKAR*, B. R. SALVI, R. V. DHOPAKAR AND NAGMA R.SURVE

College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dr. BalasahebSawantKonkanKrishiVidyapeeth, Dapoli-415 712, Dist. - Ratnagiri, M.S., India
The indigenous gunduchillies are cultivated in certain pockets of South Konkan districts. These chillies fetch higher prices as compared to
commercial varieties. They are preferably used for pickle and other value added products which are consumed in daily diet. As the area
cultivated is small, there is scope for organic cultivation of these chillies. Hence an investigation entitled above was carried out in Split Plot
Design with two factors i.e., Spacings and Organic manures with three replications during 2019-20 at DBSKKV, Dapoli. Among various
spacings, S1-30x30cm, S2-30x45cm, S3-30x60cm and various organic manures i.e., M1-FYM@10-ha+100:50:50 kg-haNPK(RDF), M2-
Vermicompost@5t-ha, M3-Poultry manure@4t-haand M4-Neemcake@2t-hawere evaluated. Spacings had significant effect on plant height, plant
spread, number of branches, number of leaves, days to initiation of flowering, days to fifty percent flowering, fruit length, fruit breadth,
commencement of harvesting as well as yield. The highest number of fruits -pl and yield-pl was registered in S3 whereas the highest yield-ha was
recorded in S1. Among various organic manures studied also exhibited significant effect on plant height, plant spread, number of branches,
days to initiation and fifty percent flowering, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of fruits-pl as well as yield-pl and yield-ha. It was observed that
M3 recorded highest number of fruits-pl and yield-ha which was followed by M1. The interaction between spacings and organic manures also
exhibited significant difference in most of the characters under study. The interaction S3M3 was superior in number of fruits-pl whereas
highest yield-pl was observed in S2M3. The treatment combination S1M3 was most superior for yield-ha.
Keywords :gunduchilli, organic manure, spacing, Capsicum annuum
GNRSA-2020/778
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SUGARCANE
VARSHA RANI AND R. S. SENGAR

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250110 (U. P.), India
Integrated nutrient management have great achievement in meeting the growing nutrient demands of intensive sugarcane agriculture and
maintaining productivity at higher levels with overall improvement in the quality of resource base. It helps to improve and sustain soil fertility
and provides a sound basis for crop production systems to meet the changing needs. Balanced use of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers is
essential to maintain a good soil physical and chemical environment and also serve as energy source for the soil microbial biomass. For
improving sugarcane productivity intercropping and incorporation of green manures have established beneficial effects. In the increment of
cane yield Nitrogen fixing biofertilizers' are economically helpful. Integration of organics and inorganics in 1:1 ratio leads to saving of 50%
inorganics and increase in yield upto 21%. As organic manures often leave superficial residual effect, recommendations need to be made on
cropping system basis.
Keywords: Sugarcane, IMN, Yield, Biocompost and Biofertilizers
GNRSA-2020/779
KNOWLEDGE OF EXISTING TRADITIONAL PRACTICES OF PADDY AMONG TRIBAL FARMERS IN MANDLA
DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH
VARSHA UPADHYAY, DR. N. K. KHARE AND DR.SONAMUPADHYAY

Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P.
Professor and Head, Dept. of Extension Education, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P.
Ph.D. Scholar, Dept. of Extension Education, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P.
Farmers in India have been using traditional health care practices in dairy farming since time immemorial. Tribals in course of their close
interactions with nature and natural resources have to make certain decisions to solve the problems they encounter in their day to day life
while managing the land and environmental resources for survival. The present study was carried out during 2019-20 in the tribal block of
Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. Ex post-facto research design was followed in this study, since different variables chosen for the study
had already occurred. Total 300 tribal farmers who cultivating paddy crop were selected from 15 villages of three blocks i.e.,
MandlaBichhiya and Nainpur of Mandla district. The aim of this study is to know the knowledge existing traditional practices of paddy by
tribal farmers. The data collection was done through interview schedule. Data were analyzed with help of suitable statistical tools. It was
found that majority (73.34%) of tribal farmers had high knowledge of traditionally existing practices of paddy crop.
Keywords: Tribals, Paddy, Traditional Practices, Knowledge, Farmers
GNRSA-2020/780
A REVIEW ON JUDICIOUS USE OF CHEMICALS IN AGRICULTURE SCENARIO
VARUN1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

1
2
The Green Revolution in India started in the 1960‘s. The use of agro-chemicals boosted food production but also destroyed the agricultural
ecosystem. Recently farmers and agricultural scientists have realized this and are eager to find other options like a non-chemical agriculture
and have even revived their age-old traditional techniques of natural farming. Scientists are doing researches to find economically cheaper
and ecologically safer replacements to agro-chemicals. Blue-Green Algae and seaweed Biofertilizers, Earthworm Vermicomposts, biological
control of pests like ladybugs; and natural biopesticides like neem products are showing promise. There is a “revolution” for alternative
foods, which are more nutritious, cheaper and have shorter harvest cycles.
GNRSA-2020/781
EFFECT OF ZINC AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
VASUDHA SAI SRILEKHA, UMESHA,C.
Department of Agronomy.Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad)-211007
A field experiment was conducted to determine the Effect of Zinc and Phosphorus on growth and yield of Chickpea (var. PUSA 362) with 10
treatments in the rabi 2019. With the different levels of Zinc levels (10, 15, 20 kg ZnSO 4/ha) and with Phosphorus levels (40, 50, 60 kg
P2O5/ha) respectively, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.
Significantly higher plant height recorded were 53.01 cm, Number of branches recorded is 23.37, Number of root nodules 23.92 and dry
weight 27.37 g/day and crop growth rate is 17.435 g/day/m 2 and relative growth rate is 0.090 g/g/day. Application of 20 kg ZnSO 4 + 60 kg
P2O5 significantly higher seed yield is 2980.58 kg/ha and stover yield is 4686.74 kg/ha and harvest index is 38.87. Treatment 20 kg ZnSO4 +
60 kg P2O5 recorded highest gross return 163945.56 ₹/ha and net return 122225 ₹/ha and B:C ratio is 2.92
Keywords: Chickpea, Zinc, Phosphorus, Growth, Yield.
GNRSA-2020/782
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS
VASUNDHARA DANGI AND KAMAL K. SHARMA

Present investigation of genetic variability, correlation, path and genetic divergence analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in 30
genotypes of soybean was carried out during kharif, 2019 at JNKVV, College of agriculture (Ganj Basoda, M.P.). The genotypes MAUS-71,
SL-525 and JS 71-05 found highest yielding among all the 30 genotypes. Highest estimates of PCV were observed for primary branching per
plant, secondary branching per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plot, and higher GCV were observed for primary
branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plot. High estimates of heritability
was recorded for primary branches per plant, plant height, secondary branches per plant, number of pod plant, day to 1 st pod initiation and
grain yield per plant and high genetic advance was recorded for primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, grain yield per
plant. The correlation analysis revealed that grain yield per plant had significant positive association with harvest index, number of seed per
pod, secondary branching per plant and primary branching per plant. Path coefficient analysis at phenotypic level revealed that number of
seed per pod was observed the maximum positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by number of pod per plant, secondary
branches per plant, 1st pod initiation, days to 50% flowering and number of seeds per plant. Thirteen genotypes of soybean were grouped into
07 clusters. Among 07 clusters, cluster I was the biggest with 16 genotype followed by cluster IV contain in 5 genotypes and cluster II, III,
V, VI and VII contain in each single genotype. Inter and intra cluster distance revealed that maximum intra cluster distance was exhibited
between cluster II and I. The result revealed that the diversified genotypes of cluster II and cluster I may be used as parent to obtained
maximum heterosis in F1. The inter cluster D2 values ranged from 8.98 to 54.27. The cluster mean for grain yield and its attributing traits
revealed that single genotypes namely MAUS-71 followed in cluster III had higher grain yield per plant along with highest number of pods
per plant, harvest index, primary branching per plant and lowest plant height. While single genotype namely NRC-7 in cluster VIII had higher
seed yield per plot, pod length and lowest day to 1 st pod initiation and single genotype namely Pk-272 in cluster IV had higher number of
seed per pod. It means several yield attributing traits along with grain yield per plant present in the genotypes namely MAUS-71, NRC-7 and
Pk-272 so they may be used as parent in hybridization.
GNRSA-2020/783
INTEGRATED WEED, PEST, AND DISEASES MANAGEMENT FOR THE INCREASING FARMER’S INCOME
VIJAY K. PRAJAPATI, GAJENDRA SAHU AND SUSHIL K. YADAV

Students of M.Sc. Agriculture (Plant Pathology), AKS University, Satna (M.P.)
In modern era, increasing the farmer’s income and quality of food product societal, environmental, and economic pressures will create a
changing reference for solving agricultural pest, weed, and disease management difficulties. Interdisciplinary approaches to solve problem
will be needed to meet aims such as mitigating environmental degradation associated with the use of farm chemicals, and increasing
productivity by reducing insects and disease damage to crops, and decrease competition from weeds. The adoption of weed, pest and disease
integrated management practices has been the subject of numerous studies There is a need to develop integrated weeds, pest and disease
management strategies that are comprehensive and can protect farmers from the economic hardship that arises when epidemics of fungus,
bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms damage their crops. Farmers adopt integrated management for weed, pest, and diseases control
methods (avoidance, exclusion, eradication, protection, immunization etc) will provide useful framer works in which to examine the
interrelationships among host environment and pathogen. Upgraded techniques for controlling pests, such as transgenic plants resistant to
pests and diseases, biological control agents, cultural controls, biological pesticides, physical, mechanical and chemicals. There are many
climatic problems have that’s effect our strategies i.e. (Global warming and increased variability etc.). We have to study about that and it will
be used to assess risks associated with existing and newly developed pest management strategies and techniques, and use these techniques on
productivity and profitability.
Keywords: - Increasing farmer’s income, quality of foods products, integrated weed and pest management.
GNRSA-2020/784
PEDOGENIC CARBONATES: FORMS AND FORMATION PROCESSES
VIJENDRA KUMAR YADAV1*, ANKUSHGARLA2 AND ROHIT KUMAR NAYAK3

1,2
Department of Soil Science and Water Management
Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) 173230
3
Department of Entomology
SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303329
Pedogenic carbonates (PC) are authigenic or secondary carbonate deposits precipitated in soils (Lal et al., 2002). They are mainly composed
of CaCO3 as Calcite and rarely as Aragonite (Schaetzel and Anderson, 2005) of Mg Calcite, Dolomite (Whipkey et al., 2002). Accumulation
of PC affects the plant growth and soil productivity by affecting the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. There are several PC
forms classified based on the contribution of biotic (e.g. earthworm biospheroliths, rhizoliths) and abiotic (e.g. nodules, clast coatings)
processes. The general process of PC formation consists of three steps: 1) Dissolution of SIC pools, 2) movement of dissolved ions within
soil pores and 3) Reprecipitation. Four models have commonly been used to describe PC formation: - the per decensum model, per ascensum
model, in situ and biogenic models (Monger, 2002). Pedogenic carbonates formation is affected by number of factors like climate, soil
properties, parent materials, soil organisms, etc. Pal et al.(2000) while, studying the significance of PC formation in Indian soils found a
positive correlation between PC content in soil profile and ESP and SAR and concluded that arid and semi-arid climate have significant
impact in triggering pedogenetic formation of CaCO 3. PC serves as tool for reconstructing Paleovegetation in number of studies (Monger et
al., 2009).
Keywords: Pedogenic carbonates,CaCO3, Soil properties, formation
GNRSA-2020/785
IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF PLANT VIRUSES THROUGH SEROLOGY AND RECOMBINANT COAT PROTEIN.
VIKASH KUMAR YADAV*, AJAY KUMAR AND MANISH KUMAR MAURYA1

*1
Department Of Plant Pathology A.N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya- 224229 (U.P.), India
Department Of Plant Pathology Amar Singh College, Lakhaoti Bulandshahar – 203407 (U.P), India.
Diagnosis of the plant viruses is must to manage the plant diseases caused by virus. Average crop yield loss due to virus is around 20 %.
There has been an explosion in plant virus outbreaks, because of either direct or indirect activities of humans. Accurate diagnosis of diseases
is a first important step for any crop management system. The early and accurate detection of plant viruses is an essential component to
control those. Because the globalization of trade by free trade agreement and the rapid climate change promote the country-to-country
transfer of viruses and their hosts and vectors. Diagnosis of viral diseases is getting more important. Because symptoms of viral diseases are
not distinct with great variety and are confused with those of abiotic stresses and symptomatic diagnosis may not be appropriate. From the
last three decades, Enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISAs) based on serological principle have been widely used. However, ELISAs
to detect plant viruses decrease due to some limitation such as availability of antibody for target virus, cost to produce antibody, requirement
of large volume of sample, and time to complete ELISAs. Many advanced techniques allow overcoming demerits of ELISAs. Many systems
of plant virus detection are reviewed here, which includes immunological-based detected system, Serological procedures and nucleic acid
procedures. Some of techniques have been used in practical, while some are still under developing to get the level of confidence for actual
use. The disease technique is useful to structural features in vector pathogen interactions. The disease technique is quantifying the crop
pathogens. ELISA is comparatively fast method because it have 96 wells and we can test the maximum samples in a time 2-3 hours.
GNRSA-2020/786
NEGLECTED AND UNDERUTILIZED CROP SPECIES (NUCS): A HIDDEN TREASURES OF NATURE FOR GLOBAL FOOD
SECURITY, BETTER NUTRITION AND INCOME GENERATION IN CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
VINAI KUMAR1, SARVESH KUMAR2, A. K. SINGH3 AND DIPTI BISARYA4*

1
Assistant Professor, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
2
Assistant Professor, Regional Research Sub Station, DRPCAU, Pusa, Bihar
3
Department of Agril Economics, College of Agriculture, Campus Azamgarh, NDUAT, Ajodhya, Uttar Pradesh
4*
Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab
Climate change possesses biggest global challenge in 21st century for agriculture, food security and for rural livelihoods in terms of
sustainable crop production, nutrition and income generation. Neglected and underutilized crop species (NUCS) are less popular crop species
among the public in terms of marketing and research, but are well adopted to grow under marginal and adverse climatic conditions. Most of
the recent and ethno-botanical studies have shown that neglected and underutilized crop species have high nutritional value, medicinal
properties and are cost effective alternative of popular crops. Therefore, they can play a significant role in ensuring global food and
nutritional security by maintaining sustainability of agricultural systems through a reduction in inputs and conservation of the plant diversity
on the earth and will help in income generation of the poor and tribal people in era of climate change. Therefore, identification,
commercialization, proper policy and further investigation are needed for potential use of neglected and underutilized crop species in
changing climatic conditions.
Keywords: Climate change, neglected, underutilized crop species,food and nutritional security
GNRSA-2020/787
ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY PARAMETERS USING GIS TECHNIQUE FOR CHITTORGARH DISTRICT,
RAJASTHAN
VINAY KUMAR GAUTAM1, K.K. YADAV2, J. TRIVIKRAMA RAJU3, AYUSHI TRIVEDI4

Research scholar1, 3, Associate Professor2, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan)
Research Scholar4, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.)
Groundwater is a major source of drinking and irrigation purpose. It distribute all-over world in the below of earth surface. Its depth and
chemical composition varies place to place due geological formation. A survey was led during pre and post-monsoon season, to assess the
groundwater status as well as quality in Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan and it was found that, there is much variation in groundwater level
during pre and post-monsoon season. Various physico-chemical analysis were performed to check the suitability of water sample. Various
irrigation water quality parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Kelly’s ratio, residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage
and permeability index, are showing a positive sign towards quality of irrigation water. The status of groundwater quality was determined by
calculating WQI index. The computed WQI index showed that 70% and 30 % area of sampling site comes under good and poor water status,
respectively during pre-monsoon, while 85% and 15% area comes under good and poor water status during post-monsoon. Majority of
samplesof study areawas showing suitability of irrigation water use. Finally, it can be concluded that groundwater available in study area is
quite suitable for irrigation as well as drinking purpose. Anthropogenic activities are indirectly affecting the quality of ground water in the
study area.
Keywords: Groundwater, Pre and post monsoon, Water quality, WQI index, Chittorgarh
GNRSA-2020/788
WEED MANAGEMENT IN Kharif pulses
VINAY RAWAL, RATHI, PRASHANT AND KUMAR, RAVINDER CHAUDHARY CHARAN SINGH
Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125004), India
Weed is a plant out of place and time or weeds are the plants growing where they are not wanted. These are competitive, persistent,
pernicious, and interfere negatively with human activity. They have high seed production and regenerative capability. These are the most
underestimated crop pests in agriculture although they cause higher reduction/loss in the yields of crops than other pests and diseases.
Production of pulses has remained almost stagnant over the years since green revolution in the country due to various kinds of biotic and
abiotic stresses. Weeds are the principal biotic constraint in production of pulses. It is estimated that out of total annual losses of agricultural
produce from various pests, weeds alone account for 37% loss, which is higher than insect-pests or diseases. Besides direct reduction in crop
yields, weeds also render other farm operations difficult and serve as alternate host for many diseases and insect-pests. Thus, effective weed
control in pulses is essential to maximize seed yield and quality to attain SDGs by 20130 and also to reduce weed competition in following
crops. An yield increase of 31–110% in kharif pulses and 26–45% in rabi pulses has been recorded owing to effective weed management.
Evaluation of herbicides in blackgram and their residual effect on succeeding mustard crop has been reported.Application of Pendimethalin at
1000 g/ha provided 90% control of Trianthemaportulacastrum up to 30 DAS. At 60 DAS, per cent control with this treatment decreased to
73% which was at par with two hoeings employed at 20 and 40 DAS and pendimethalin at 1000 g/ha used pre-emergence.Early post
emergence application of imazethapyr at 50, 60 and70 g/ha also caused mild injury to blackgram up to 30 DAS and rendered ineffective.No
residual carry over effect of these herbicides applied in blackgram was visible on succeeding mustard crop as no. of plants/m 2, number of
leaves/ plant and seed yield of mustard in untreated and herbicide applied treatments was same. This may be due to enhanced microbial
degradation.All the aforesaid purported researches are giving impetus on Integrated Weed Mangementstragety for effective handling of
weeds. It is found to be non-chemical and ecological suastainable tool for weed mangement.Adoption of this strategy is multifaceted as it will
assuage the impact of pollution, climate change vis-a-vis proliferate the real income of farmer.
Keywords: Solarized, hoeing, pre-emergence and climate change.
GNRSA-2020/789
SUSTAINABLE DRY LAND FARMING
VINEETA PANDEY AND KSHITIJ PARMAR

Department of Agriculture, GLA University Mathura, U.P.
India is a country with various agro-climatic regions. About 70% of the 143.8 Mha of arable land depends completely on natural
precipitation for crop production. Dryland areas are identified by low and erratic rainfall and no assured irrigation facilities. These areas
generally receive less than 750 mm of rainfall annually. Dry regions are economically frail regions which are highly vulnerable to
environmental stress and shocks. Higher evapo-transpiration than the total precipitation is the main reason for moisture deficit in these areas.
Degraded soils with less water holding capacities along with multiple nutrient deficiencies and depleting ground water table contributes to
low crop yields and further leading to land degradation. In order to make sure long term sustainability for dry land agriculture in India,
various components are to be taken into consideration like socio-economic resources, integrated water shed development, improvement of
rain water use efficiency, diversification of agriculture through livestock farming and integrated soil–nutrient-water-crop management.
Choice of varieties is also an important factor for dry land farming. Variety demands for dry farming are short-stemmed with less leaf surface
which minimizes transpiration, deep, prolific root systems enhance moisture utilization and quick-maturing varieties are important in order to
develop crop prior to the hottest and driest part of the year and mature before moisture supplies are completely exhausted. Participation of
farmer’s in technology development, drought monitoring, contingency crop planning and all-inclusive agricultural decision-making activities
are considered important for reducing the effects of drought. A paradigm shift in rainfed agriculture can be expected through technological
thrusts and policy changes. The strategies that need to be emphasized include balanced fertilization, harnessing the potential of biofertilizers
and microorganisms, carbon sequestration through efficient cropping systems, policy changes, human-resource development, training and
consultancy. Dry land farming areas needs much closer attention. Hence, there is a great need to increase the productivity of rainfed crops
and overall net returns to keep the farmers in agriculture.
Keywords: dry land, rainfed crops, variety and moisture stress.
GNRSA-2020/790
NUTRITION INTERVENTION AND NUTRITION EDUCATION IN IMPROVING THE IRON STATUS OF RURAL
ADOLESCENT GIRLS
VINITA SINGH1, MONIKA THAKUR2, ANANT KUMAR 3

1
Research Scholar, Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
2
Asstt. Prof., Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, ,
3
Asstt. Prof ,(Horticulture), KVK, Muradnagar
Adolescence is categorized by a large growth spurt and the attainment of mature phenotypes and biologic rhythms. The iron requirement,
particularly among girls increases significantly because, it is an important stage of dietary susceptibility due to amplified nutritional
requirements corresponding with expansion of blood volume, speeding up growth due to accelerated requirement and low dietary intake of
iron, early onset of menses as well as the social norms of early marriage and adolescent pregnancy. The overall iron requirements increase
from a preadolescent level around 0.7-0.9 mg to as much as 2.2 mg Iron/day. Adolescent girls are unlikely to attain ample iron stores during
this period because intakes may average as little as 10-11 mg Iron/day. The bioavailability from diets indicates a negative iron balance in
many female populations. The low iron stores in these young women of reproductive age will make them susceptible to iron deficiency
anemia during pregnancy because dietary intakes alone are insufficient.Therefore it is important that diet should provide an appropriate
amount of Iron with sufficient bioavailability to satisfy needs during adolescence, which favor element utilization and thus be sufficient for
needs at this stage of life.Presently, many adolescents consume repetitive and inadequate diets which may restrict mineral intake and it's
bioavailability, leading to iron deficiency - a nutritional deficit of worldwide prevalence. Apart from provoking important physiological
repercussions, Iron deficiency unfavourably affects cognitive performance and physical endurance in adolescents.The purpose of this study is
to investigate cross sectional relationship between low-cost iron rich supplement and nutrition education with anemia which can further be
helpful in health and nutrition intervention and promotion programme in reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among adolescent
girls.
Keywords :adolescent, anemia, bioavailability, requirement, cognitive
GNRSA-2020/791
SUSTAINABLEMANAGEMENT OF PRE AND POST HARVEST DISEASES OF ONION (Allium cepa L.)
VINNY JOHN, RAKHI MURMU, AMIT KUMAR MAURYA, SOBITA SIMON AND HEMLATA PANT
Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.), India
Onion (Allium cepa) is significant crop throughout the world. The crop is attacked by many pathogens. Among them fungal pathogens are
important limiting factor in the yield and quality of the crop. The focus of this chapter is mainly on economically important fungal diseases
associated with onion crop and their eco-friendly management.Onion crop suffers from various fungal pathogens which cause severe yield
and quality losses by causing different diseases. This chapter concludes that fungal diseases of onion crop can be managed effectively by
using different bioagents and plant extracts. Biological control measures are not only environment friendly but are also cost effective. There
is need of the time for more research on the evaluation of various biological control measures against fungal pathogens.Storage of onions is a
multifaceted issue, which involves many pre-harvest and post-harvest factors. Some considerable factors that affect storage of onion bulbs is
the selection of the proper cultivar, since there are many significant technologies and methods of storing bulbs has been used but not all of
them are suitable for storage. Therefore it is necessary to provide Proper pre-and postharvest conditions for cure of onion bulbs, though they
also affect market value like, weight losses, texture and color depth of bulbs and quality chemical composition, nutritional value, antioxidant
activity. For pre-harvest condition irrigation and fertilization are essential factors that to a great extent affect curing, whereas conditions like,
temperature, relative humidity, processing treatments, and controlled atmospheres are postharvest factors. This study focused on the impact
of long-term storage and quality of onions bulbs, such as rotting, incidence of sprouting and root growth, water losses and changes in mineral
composition, sugar content, and antioxidant activity phenolic and flavonoid contents, DPPH scavenging activity etc. Onion crop is among the
highly decaying vegetable in India. In agriculture, onion is successful crop mainly because of its demand and for its ability to be stored for
long period like potatoes. It can be stored for about eight to ten months; if treated accurately at its pre and post- harvest stages. Post harvest
diseases can damage about 35-40 % onion caused by different pathogens. During storage the fungal bulb rot causes about 15- 30 % losses of
different varieties of onion crop.
Keywords: Allium cepa, Purple Blotch, Black Mold, Alternaria porri, Aspergillus niger
GNRSA-2020/792
DEVELOPMENT OF BREAD USING BAEL (Aegle marmelos) POWDER
VIPUL CHAUDHARY, VIVAK KUMAR, B.R. SINGH AND SAMSHER

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250110 (U.P.)
Bakery products have become popular across different sections of populations both in urban and rural India. Among bakery product breads is
the most popular. The present investigation was carried out to study the bael bread from the different composition of wheat flour and Bael
Powder. Bael bread samples were prepared by different levels (0%, 10% and 20%) of bael powder and refined wheat flour. Nutritional
evaluation of acceptable products revealed moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, total carbohydrate and ascorbic acid content of bread prepared by
incorporating bael powder varied from 33.03%, 2.18%, 4.45%, 2.04%, 1.49%, 47.80% and 3.50mg/100g Addition of bael powder increased
the nutrient density of bread. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, total carbohydrate and ascorbic acid content bread was significantly higher in
20% bael powder bread followed 10% bael powder and 0% Control. The results of the present study demonstrated that the use of bael powder
improved the nutritional quality of bread. These results associated with the good acceptability of bael breads by potential consumers indicate
that the use of bael powder in breads can contribute to the development of new market food products with added nutritional and functional
value.
Keywords: Bael powder, Bael Bread, Bakery Products and Nutritional quality
GNRSA-2020/793
GENE TARGETING AND GENE DISRUPTION
SUDHANSU SINGH1, GAURAV SHARMA1, GAURAV SINGH1, ANKAJTIWARI1 AND SHAGUN MAURY2
1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2Department of PMB&GM, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Targeted gene therapies have emerged as potential strategies for treatment of such diseases. These therapies depend upon rare-cutting
endonuclease to cleave at specific sites in or near disease genes. Targeted gene correction provides a template for homology-directed repair,
enabling the cell's own repair pathways to erase the mutation and replace it with the correct sequence. Targeted gene disruption ablates the
disease gene, disabling its function. Gene targeting can also promote other kinds of genome engineering, including mutation, insertion, or
gene deletion. Targeted gene therapies present significant advantages compared to approaches to gene therapy that depend upon delivery of
stably expressing transgenes. Recent progress has been fueled by advances in nuclease discovery and design, and by new strategies that
maximize efficiency of targeting and minimize off-target damage. Future progress will build on deeper mechanistic understanding of critical
factors and pathways.
GNRSA-2020/794
STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY, CHARACTER ASSOCIATION, PATH COEFFICIENT AND GENETIC
DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS IN YELLOW SARSON[ Brassica campestris L. ]. UNDER SODIC SOIL
VIRENDRA BAHADUR , ANKAJ TIWARI
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya Narendra Deva University Of Agriculture And Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya
The present investigation entitled "Studies on genetic variability, character æssociation, path coefficient and genetic divergence analysis in
yellow sarson [ Brassica campestris L. ]. Under sodic soil, was conducted at Genetics & Plant Breeding Research Farm of Narendra Deva
University of Agriculture & Technnology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during rabi 2017-18. The experimental material constituted 24
germplasm including two check varieties viz. Jagriti and NDYS-2. The observations were recorded on nine different characters viz., days to
50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of Primary branches per plant, length of main raceme (cm), siliquae on main
raceme, number of seeds per siliqua, oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g). The data recorded on these characters were utilized for
estimation of mean, range, variance, correlations, path coefficient and genetic divergence. The mean squares due to treatments were highly
significant for all the characters under study. The mean squares due to replication were non- significant for all the characters. The genotypes
(NDYS-2) followed by NDYS-2, YSCN16-3, NDYS16-6, YSCN16-2 and YSCN16-5 produced higher seed yield per plant. The above
mentioned genotypes showed very high mean performance for several other yield components. Primary branch per plant exhibited highly
significant and positive correlation with siliqua on main raceme, length of main raceme, number of seed per siliqua, oil content and seed yield
per plant. The highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant exhibited by primary branches per plant (0.431) followed by days to
maturity (0.221). The analysis grouped 26 genotypes into five clusters. The maximum cluster distance was recorded between cluster III and
IV (21.02) and the minimum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and II (13.15) and the genotypes of cluster III took
maximum seed yield per plant (12.73) and minimum in cluster-II (6.78). The heritability in broad sense (%) is highest length of main raceme
followed by number of seed per siliqua.
GNRSA-2020/795
EVALUATION OF F1 PROGENIES FOR GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)
VIRKAR A. M., INGOLE V. S. AND S. B. GAJBHIYE

Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Latur,
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani-431402
The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of F1 progenies for growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)” was
carried out during kharif season, 2016-2017, at the Instructional cum-Research-Farm, Dept. of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Latur,
VNMKV, Parbhani. The experiment was laid out in a Complete RBD with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The experiment consisted of eight
different treatments viz; T1 (Parbhani Kranti [checks]), T2 (Pusa-A4 x Parbhani Bhendi), T3 (Parbhani Bhendi x Phule Utkarsha), T4 (Pusa A4
x BO-2), T5 (BO- 2x Kashi Pragati), T6 (Pusa-A4x Phule Utkarsha), T7 (BO-2 x Phule Utkarsha), T8 (Hybrid No. 10 [Check]).The observation
on growth attributes viz. plant height (cm), girth of stem. (cm), number of branches/plant, no. of nodes/plant, inter nodal length (cm), leaf
area, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, length of pod (cm), diameter of pod (cm), number of pods per plant, average weight of
pod (g), number of seed per pod, seed yield per pod, fruit yield per plant (g), fruit yield per plot, fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), number of
picking, keeping quality (shelf life), fruit borer incidence (%) and YVMV incidence (%) were recorded.Significantly maximum height of
plant (104.33 cm), stem girth (3.32 cm),number of branches per plant (4.0),number of nodes per plant(15.6),inter nodal length (6.43 cm) and
leaf area (492.53 cm2) were recorded by treatment T2.The minimum days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering were recorded by
treatment T2.The maximum length of pod (cm), diameter of pod (cm), number of pods per plant, average weight of pod (g), weight of seed
per fruit and seed yield were obtained in treatment T 2. Minimum incidence of pest and diseases was recorded by treatment T 2.
KeyWordS: Okra, Growth parameter, Yield attributes & Pest & Diseases
GNRSA-2020/796
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) UNDER
MARATHWADA CONDITION
VIRKAR A. M., MHASKE A. M. AND BHADKE T.G.

Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Badnapur,
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani-431402
The present investigation entitled “Comparative studies of different cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) under Marathwada
conditions” was carried out on Sweet Orange Research Station, Badnapur. Taluka- Badnapur, Dist- Jalna, during 2015-16. The objective was
to study the performance of different cultivars of sweet orange under marathwada condition and to study the physic-chemical characters of
different cultivars of sweet orange. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three treatments and seven
replications. The variety Nucellar recorded maximum in average height of the tree, spread of the tree, stem girth, number of branches per tree,
highest in yield, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of segments, weight of fruit, peel weight, peel thickness of fruit, pomace weight, peel to
juice ratio of fruit. While, the variety Katol gold recorded maximum acidity % and ascorbic acid with less yields. The taste of fruits of
Nucellar was sweeter than other with less acidity. The maximum number of seeds per fruit and juice weight was recorded in Sathgudi and
less in Nucellar. The maximum average acidity and TSS content of fruit juice were recorded in Katol gold. Therefore, on the basis of result
obtained in present studies, it is suggested that the variety Nucellar is good in yield and other parameters and Katol gold being the second of
sweet orange.
Key words: Sweet orange, Nucellar, Sathgudi and Katol gold.
GNRSA-2020/797
BENEFICIAL AND HEALTHY PROPERTIES OF EUCALYPTUS PLANTS: A GREAT POTENTIAL USE
VISHAL VERMA
Division of Plant Propagation, Tropical Forest Research Institute
(Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India)
Jabalpur – 482021 Madhya Pradesh
Eucalyptus has come to stay in India. Large scale plantations have been raised in government owned and private farm lands; the planting is
continuing. There is vast potential to grow the species economically on farm and waste land in suitable zones. Eucalyptus meets requirements
of people and industries and has helped to reduce pressure on natural forests. The uses of eucalyptus are varied; people are realising this fast.
The economical, social and ecological aspects of the species are receiving proper attention to understand its impact and to avoid
indiscriminate planting. The present studies are not conclusive, particularly in ecological aspects; further studies are indicated. Growth is
varied; clonal selection, propagation and planting will improve uniform production. Government intervention in marketing is necessary to
safeguard the interest of farmers.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), an evergreen tall tree native to Australia and Tasmania, has been used since
ancient times by the aboriginal population for several purposes. In particular, the species E. globulus is widely used in the pulp industry, as
well as for the production of eucalyptus oil extracted on a commercial scale in many countries as raw materials in perfumery, cosmetics,
food, beverages, aromatherapy and phytotherapy. The 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), the principal and the most important constituent extracted
from eucalyptus leaves, demonstrated an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite the fact that the healthy effects of eucalyptus
have been well established by research, further studies are necessary to investigate other prime effects of the plant and its possible implication
in the treatment of a greater number of pathological conditions.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Essential oil, Eucalyptol, Eucalyptus globules labill.
GNRSA-2020/798
PHYSICO-CHEMICALS CHANGES IN RADISH DURING STORAGE AT HIGH ALTITUDE COLD DESERT LADAKH
REGION
VIVEK KUMAR TIWARI, VIVEK VERMA, AVANTIKA, THUPSTAN TSEWANG, KAUSHAL KUMAR AND SOMEN
ACHARYA
Defence Institute of High-Altitude Research-DRDO
The geographical region of Ladakh (~ altitude 3000m) is very critical for agriculture because of ragged topography and heavy snowfall of six
months in a year. The region is characterised by extreme temperature variations, low precipitation mostly in the form of snow, high wind
velocityand fragile ecosystem. Longer photoperiod; and only one cropping season in a year (May to October) are typical characteristics of
this region.The hardy root vegetable radish treatments exhibited significant differences for various physico-chemicals traits during storage
under study. Physiological loss in weight increased with increase in storage period. The dry matter % increases during the storage in all
treatments of radish. During storage, a significant change was observed in all treatments except in the month of November, where the control
treatment showed the highest dry matter % in six months of storage period.The storage capacity of Ladakhi radish was found to be higher
than another radish.Anthocyanin was decreased due to decreasing moisture content while antioxidant was significantly same during storage in
all vegetables. Mineral elements like Na were found maximum in all the vegetables during storage followed by Mg. The mineral element like
Cu was found least in all the vegetables.Currently, storage works were mainly focused on morphology, quality and nutritional aspects of
hardy root vegetables, more attention was paid to storage, increase shelf life and consumption of good quality hardy root vegetables during
extreme winter season of Ladakh. Therefore, nutritional quality parameters should be highly involved in during storage of hardy root
vegetables. Since different storage practises is very important to increase shelf life and meet the requirement for next five to six months
during cold desert.
Keywords:Radish,storage condition, physio-chemical changes, vitamins, minerals
GNRSA-2020/799
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF PETUNIA (Petunia axillaris) transcriptomic RNA-SEQ DATA QUALITY USING OMICS-
BOX DenovoASSEMBLER
VIVEK RANA1,PUSHPENDRA KUMAR1, SUNIL MALIK2, MUKESH KUMAR1, AKASH TOMAR3

1
Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture &Technology, Meerut, Uttar
Pradesh, India.
2
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture &Technology, Meerut, Uttar
Pradesh, India.
3
Department of Recombinant DNA Technology, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture
&Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
The transcriptome assembly is one of the most frequent analysis performed in bioinformatics which consist of reconstructing the
transcriptome from RNA sequencing data which assembles the short nucleotide sequences into longer ones without the use of reference
genome. It is designed to accept a combination of data from Illumina, 454, SOLiD, Ion Torrent and Sanger sequencing as a mix of paired and
unpaired reads which allows the quality analysis of SRA data from different sequencing technologies, to be exploited. The previously
published data has been downloaded from NCBI SRA database in Fast Q format using SRA toolkit for reanalysis. In the present study,
transcriptome data of three different stages of Petunia flower viz., Leaf (SRR126327) with 16.9M spots, 3.4G bases, 2.1Gb downloads, Bud
(SRR126329) with 42.5M spots, 8.6G bases, 5.1Gb and Limb (SRR126328) with 39.7M spots, 8G bases, 4.8Gb and were studied for
computational quality analysis. The De novo assembly resulted with 71,206 (Leaf), 99,038 (Bud) and92,268 (Limb) contigs which have been
analysed for quality check with the Per base-sequence quality, per sequence quality score, per base sequence content, per base N- content,
Adapter content and sequence duplication levels using Omics Box denovo assembler.
GNRSA-2020/800
IMPACTS OF THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE
1
VIVEK SINGH AND 2SHIVANI CHAUDHARY
1
2
Department of Plant Pathology, ANDUAT Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, 135 million people on the earth were already struggling with severe acute food insecurity due to pre-
existing stresses or crises. There are some similarities in this pandemic with the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak that disrupted agricultural
market supply chains and also restricted many farmers from growing or selling crops. Now due to this pandemic the transportation is totally
on hold, because of which there is agricultural labor shortage which affects the harvesting and post-harvest activities that harm food
production. The vast majority of farmers live in rural areas and depend on agricultural production, fishing, seasonal jobs in agriculture, or
pastoralism. If they become stuck or their movement or activity is constrained then, they will be prevented from working their land, caring for
their animals, going fishing, accessing markets to sell produce, buying food, to get seeds and supplies. Even though the government is giving
relaxation to agricultural activities the lack of knowledge and governing body action is creating a chaos among the farmers and labours which
should be made clear. These people have very little to fall back on, materially speaking. They could find themselves forced to abandon their
livelihoods. By that I mean they might have to sell off their animals or even their fishing boat for cash, eat all of their produce, instead of
saving some to replant. Once a farming family does that, getting to be self-reliant again becomes extremely difficult. Some might even have
no choice other than to leave their farms in search of assistance. Farmers will be unable to cultivate. Restrictions and market closures
disrupted flows of food and necessities. Shortages of goods led to an increase in prices of key commodities. The nutritional impact was
predominantly attributable to reduced food access driven by a reduction in economic activity that reduced families purchasing power because
of which people went hungry. So, the lessons from the pandemic is clear that while health needs are an urgent and primary concern, we
cannot neglect livelihoods or food security aspects.
Keywords: Pandemic, Ebola outbreak, Restriction.
GNRSA-2020/801
MODERN APPROACHES FOR INDIAN AGRICULTURE
ANKUR KUMAR AND SAURABH TYAGI

Department of Agriculture, Shobhit University Meerut
Department of (Ag & AI) School of Biological Eng. & Life Sciences, Shobhit University Meerut
India is known as the second largest agricultural country in the world, rich in crops and cultivable land resources. The country boasts a rich
layer of agricultural and farming fields spread across its length and breadth. Government of India has initiated a policy for the corporate
world previously and now in tune with that for the Scientific community and the University/Institutional set up to realize the Social
Responsibility CSR/SSR/ISR. The aim is to direct all potential people to contribute in national uplift-ment by realizing their social
responsibilities towards the rural masses. People of India mainly dwelled on its agriculture, which after green revolution has come to a point
of search for alternative strategies. In this wake, it is necessary to make agricultural sector self- sustaining through use of modern techniques
and judicious management of existing land. The weeds or invasive plants of the croplands may be used for secondary agricultural produce
along with knowledge of allelopathic interactions, besides use of nano-bio-fertilizers for improvement and biocontrol of enemies of crop
plants and tree species growing in the fields. Many industries are witnessing rapid growth and development, but it seems agriculture sector
was not given much attention to. Many-a-farmers farmers still continue to use age-old techniques for farming in an era when other
agricultural countries across the globe have adopted modern technology and equipment. There are several modern and sustainable ways of
doing productive farming; ways that will be beneficial to both farmers and consumers. Many biotechnologists and agricultural researchers
come up with effective ideas to improve agricultural practices. Modern agricultural crops techniques have many benefits but may also have
adverse impacts if used aggressively. Too much of tillage and excessive use of fertilizers can degrade the quality of land and crops. Chemical
farming can affect intra-species diversity and produce only fewer variety of crops.
GNRSA-2020/802
ASSESSMENT OF SPECIES STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION STATUS OF MACHA FOREST, AMHARA REGION,
ETHIOPIA
ASHOK KUMAR SINGH1 AND ABEBE WAGAW2

1Department of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi Jharkhand, India
2Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia,
Study was conducted in Macha forest, Amhara Region, Ethiopia for assessing data on species structure and regeneration status. Systematic
random sampling was used and the first transect line was laid down randomly at 100 meter inside the area to overcome edge effect. The two
transect lines was systematically laid down 100 meter far apart from each other along with or following the contour line with 100 m length
each. Along each transect, sample quadrants measuring 20m*20m (for trees) were laid down at 100 meter interval. Subplots measuring
10*10 m and 5*5 m were again laid down one in the center and four from each corner of the quadrant for counting of saplings and seedlings
respectively. A total of 24 quadrants (quadrate size 400 m 2) were sampled for the collection of relevant data on woody species. A total of
2701 woody individuals of 27 families and 61 woody species were identified in study area. Acacia abyssinica, Calpurina aurea, Clutia
abyssinica and Vernonia amygdalina family showed the greatest importance value index. Total basal area of all tree species in the study area
was found 29.09 m2/ha. Croton macrostachyus was the most frequently occurred species (91.67% in 22 quadrats out of 24) followed
byAcacia pilispina (48.83 in 11quadrants out of 24). The population structure and regeneration status of the woody plant species showed
inverted J shape and indicated that there has been high regeneration. But, limited number of large tree species showed that there were severe
anthropogenic disturbances and degradation in the area.
GNRSA-2020/803
GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS STUDIES IN OAT (Avena sativa L.) GENOTYPES
QUANTITATIVE TRAITS
ATMAN POONIA AND D S PHOGAT

Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (125004), India
Indian economy is agriculture based where most of the population involved for their livelihood and livestock is dominant sector which
directly or indirectly depends on the availability of green fodder for survival. Oat (Avena sativa) is a multipurpose cereal crop grown globally
for human consumption and animal feed. Its uniqueness and advantages over other popular cereals recognizing it as highly valuable
nutritional crop, opening new market “niches” for oats food industry.Knowledge of genetic diversity in germplasm and genetic relationships
among breeding materials could be an invaluable aid in crop improvement strategies. Genetic diversity is a fundamental source of
biodiversity. The present study included 110 genotypes with two checks (KENT and UPO-212) in augmented design conducted at the forage
research farm, department of genetics and plant breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Analysis of variance showed
significant variation available in the material used for 20 quantitative traits. Green fodder yield was positively correlated with dry matter
yield and plant height while seed yield associated positively with 1000-seed weight and outer glume length. Cluster analysis categorised 112
oat genotypes into 7 clusters and highest genotypes were grouped into cluster 2 with 27 genotypes followed by cluster 5 with 25 genotypes
while minimum number of genotypes were grouped into cluster 6 with only 3 genotypes. Maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded
between cluster4 and 6 (26974.05) and minimum between cluster 3 and 7 (3754.82).
Keywords: variability, correlation, diversity, cluster, quantitative.
GNRSA-2020/804
STUDY OF THE LIFECYCLE OF EPILACHNA BEETLE ON VARIOUS HOST PLANT
BAJRANG LAL AND MR DHINGRA

JNKVV-Collage of Agriculture, Rewa, MP
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn.) is an important vegetable crop belong to the genus Momorodica, family Cucurbitaceae. Its fruits
are one of the bitterest fruits Which contains a bitter compound called momordicine..It is occupy the second position at global level. Bitter
gourd occupies an area of 99, 8.454 and 0.537 thousand hectares in India, Madhya Pradesh and Rewa district respectively and the
productivity varies 121.60 q/ha, 108.20 q/ha and 112.70 q/ha respectively (Anonymous 2019). Bitter gourd is attacked by many insect pests
but a many of them red pumpkin beetle, fruit fly or melon fly and aphid are important insect pest in addition to Epilachna beetle whose two
species E. vigintioctopunctata and E. dodecastigma these are major pest of this crop and predominantly found in the region and causing
quantitative yield loss to the crop at national and regional level. Both grubs and adults are damaging stage and feed on the foliage by scraping
the green part of leaves present of transparent leaves (skeletoinization) are the symptoms of damage. The total developmental period from
egg to adult emergence was observed on an average 27.80 ± 1.58 days on bitter gourd and 26.25 ± 1.37 days on macoy. The longevity of the
adult beetle was recorded on an average 15.95 ± 1.28 and 17.30 ± 1.63 days for male on bitter gourd and macoy respectively. While in case
of female it was 25.25 ± 1.62 and 30.05 ± 3.95 days on bitter gourd and macoy respectively. The eggs were laid in clusters usually on the
under surface of the leaves. The data in respect of the fecundity evidenced that a female laid 11-15 eggs every day, continuously for 12-14
days in batches of 2-5 mainly on the ventral surface of the leaves. The total number of egg laid by female on bitter gourd varied from 145 to
189 eggs / female. Averaging 169.05 ± 12.31 eggs/female. The egg laid on macoy was found on an average 190.80 ± 20.11 of eggs/female
with a range of 156 to 225 eggs/female.
GNRSA-2020/805
RESPONSE OF AZOTOBACTER AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA ON VEGETATIVE AND FLORAL
ATTRIBUTES OF AFRICAN MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta L.) CV. PUSA NARANGI GAINDA UNDER HILLY REGIONS OF
UTTARAKHAND
1 BELLAPAKONDA GOUTHAM KISHORE*, 2 DR. PARUL PUNETHA, 3 DR. MAMTA BOHRA, 4 PROF. B.P NAUTIYAL
1Department of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal,
India.
2VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
3VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal Uttarakhand, India.
4College of Horticulture, VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
The present investigation was carried out at Floriculture and Landscaping block, College of Horticulture, VCSG, UUHF, Bharsar, Pauri
Gharwal (Uttarakhand) from February to July, 2017. Experiment included nine treatments viz., Control (T1), RDF (T2), FYM (T3),
Azotobacter + RDF (T4), PSB + RDF (T5), Azotobacter + FYM (T6), PSB + FYM (T7), Azotobacter + PSB + RDF (T8), Azotobacter +
PSB + FYM (T9). Each treatment contained twelve plants which were replicated thrice. The experiment was laid out in Randomized
Complete Block Design. Present investigation study revealed that plants grown in plots treated with Azotobacter + PSB + FYM (T9)
significantly recorded maximum vegetative attributes like plant spread (63.12 ± 0.48 cm), number of primary branches per plant (15.70 ±
0.55), number of secondary branches per plant (28.13 ± 1.72) and fresh weight of 30 leaves (33.33 ± 1.76 g). Floral attributes viz., number of
days taken for first flower bud initiation (50.13 ± 1.02), number of days taken for first flower opening (68.52 ± 0.48), flower diameter (9.30
± 0.10 cm), number of flowers per plant (52.39 ± 0.57) and shelf life (7.73 ± 0.47 days) were recorded maximum in the treatment T8
(Azotobacter + PSB + RDF) whereas, plants treated with plots Azotobacter + RDF (T4) also showed maximum plant height (94.97 ± 0.55
cm), dry weight of 30 leaves (6.07 ± 0.89), flower weight (14.10 ± 1.25 g).
Keywords: Pusa Narangi Gainda, Azotobacter, PSB.
GNRSA-2020/806
GREEN SEEKER BASED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPLANTED RICE CROP UNDER NORTH COASTAL ZONE
OF ANDHRA PRADESH
BILLA SURESH KUMAR1 AND DR. K.V. RAMANA MURHY2

1Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522 101, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh.
2Agricultural Research Station, Ragolu, Srikakulam District-532 484, Andhra Pradesh
A field experiment entitled “Green seeker based nitrogen management in rice” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Naira, on sandy
loam soils during Kharif, 2018. The treatments comprised of a combination of four NDVI values of green seeker viz., M1: NDVI value 0.6,
M2: NDVI value 0.7, M3: NDVI value 0.8 and M4: NDVI value 0.9 and four nitrogen levels (N1: 60 kg N ha-1, N2: 80 kg N ha-1, N3: 100 kg N
ha-1 and N4: 120 kg N ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a Split plot design with three replications. The results of the investigation
revealed that the highest number of tillers m -2 , drymatter production, leaf area index, productive tillers m -2, number of filled grains per
panicle, grain yield (5411 kg ha-1), straw yield (6541 kg ha-1) and head rice recovery (HRR) were realized with M 3 (NDVI value 0.8). Among
all N levels, the highest values of all the above parameters was found with 120 kg N ha -1. All the three economics parameters (Gross returns,
Net returns and B: C ratio) registered with NDVI value 0.8and highest nitrogen level of nitrogen (N4) was significantly higher while the
lowest being associated with NDVI value 0.6 (M1). Hence, it can be concluded that N application through green seeker at NDVI value of 0.8
(M3) and application of 120 kg N ha-1 were found to be suitable for kharif transplanted rice as it registered the highest productivity and
profitability for North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh.
GNRSA-2020/807
GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) ORCHARDS SOIL MICRONUTRIENT STATUS IN SOUTH WEST HARYANA
CHARAN SINGH 1*, DR. PARMOD KUMAR2

1Department of Soil Science, 2Regional Research Station Bawal
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a popular fruit of tropic and grown successfully throughout tropical and subtropical regions of India. A
composite soil samples of orchard and nearby non orchard lands were collected from 12 representative guava orchards from Rewari district.
Samples were taken from surface (0-15 cm) and sub surface (15-30 and 30-60 cm) depth. At 0-15 cm depth, iron, zinc, copper and
manganese content in orchard soils was between 4.13-19.03, 0.53-3.82, 0.19-1.79 and 2.49-19.11 mg kg-1, while in non orchard soils it was
4.01-19.36, 0.55-3.85, 0.19-1.80 and 2.48-19.13mg kg-1, respectively. At subsurface depth (15-30 cm) average Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content
was 4.05-18.28, 0.50-3.47, 0.18-1.71and 2.44-13.05mg kg-1 in orchard soils, while at same depth average Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content in non
orchard soils was 3.95-18.71, 0.51-3.47, 0.17-1.74and 2.45-13.11 mg kg-1, respectively. Orchard soils had average Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn
content 3.51-12.38, 0.32-2.38, 0.15-0.88 and 2.01- 8.94 mg kg-1, while non orchard soils had 3.42-11.84, 0.39-2.41, 0.16-0.92 and 2.04-9.04
mg kg-1, respectively at lowermost depth (30-60 cm). All micronutrients showed a decreasing trend with the increasing depth. Available zinc
was found low to medium in both orchard and non orchard soils while, majority of the soil were sufficient in available iron, copper and
manganese, while low to medium in available zinc.
Keywords: micronutrients, guava, soil samples
GNRSA-2020/808
SEED PRIMING WITH ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IMPROVES THE SEEDLING PHYSIOLOGY OF MUNGBEAN
GENOTYPES UNDER SALINITY STRESS CONDITION
DAYANJI SHERPA*, SHAILESH KUMAR, TRISHA SINHA AND AJAY KUMAR SINGH
Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa- 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India
Salinity stress causes major detrimental effects for germination stage in mungbean crop through disruption in seedling growth attributing
metabolic processes. Very less works have been done in development of salt-tolerant mungbean genotypes via conventional methods due to
complex nature of salinity stress. Nanotechnology could be an alternative to the conventional methods. This micro-nutrient zinc has
beneficial roles in plant growth and development. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were reported to exhibit better result in terms of growth in
contrast to zinc sulphate fertilizer in soil with zinc deficiency and higher pH, without being toxic as these are applied in very less quantity.
With this view in mind, an experiment was conducted from September to October in 2019 with two mungbean genotypes viz. TMB-37 (salt-
tolerant) and MH-1314 (salt-susceptible) to find out the effect of seed treatment with different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles i.e.
50 ppm, 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm on both the genotypes under normal and salinity stress condition with respect to
seedling emergence and seedling growth traits like shoot length, root length, seedling length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, vigour index-
I and vigour index-II along with SPAD unit in 10-day-old seedlings. Salinity caused reduction in emergence per cent and seedling traits with
the greater reduction per cent in the susceptible genotype (MH-1314) than the tolerant genotype (TMB-37). Improved emergence percentage
was observed in TMB-37 under low concentration of ZnO nanoparticles treatments viz. 50 ppm and 100 ppm, while in MH-1314 under all
the treatments. Significant increase in traits like shoot length, shoot dry weight, seedling length, vigour index- I & II and SPAD unit in both
genotypes was noticed under all treatments except root length in susceptible genotype and root dry weight of both genotypes that decreased
when treated with 1000 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles under both soil condition.Maximum per cent change exhibited by seed priming with ZnO
nanoparticles @ 50 ppm in both genotypes under normal along with saline soil condition could be considered a criterion in preferring lower
concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles in combating salinity stress in mungbean.
Keywords: Mungbean, Salinity, Priming, ZnO nanoparticles, Seedling traits.
GNRSA-2020/809
RNA-SEQ OF BUFFALO EMBRYOS PRODUCED BY SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER AND IN VITRO
FERTILIZATION
DEEPAK KUMAR, PALLAVI GOEL, SONGYUKTA SHYAM, MANOJ KUMAR SINGH, PRABHAT PALTA
Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, Haryana-132001, India.
RNA-Seq has allowed high-throughput RNA-sequencing for transcriptome profiling at an unprecedented resolution, can detect unannotated
transcriptional activity for which no previous information exists, and can distinguish different transcriptional and splicing variants. This study
was carried out to, Generate a global transcriptome profile of cloned (SCNT) and IVF embryos at the 8-Cell stage using next-generation
sequencing and identify the molecular pathways involved in embryonic development. Buffalo cloned and IVF embryos were produced as
described earlier (Shyam et al., 2020). The cloned and IVF embryos at the 8- cell stage were collected at 36-40 h and 68-72 h respectively.
Total RNA was isolated from the 8-cell stage of cloned and IVF embryos (n=315 each) in quadruplicate. The sample having RIN value >7
were used for cDNA library preparation, which was used for global transcriptome analysis using the Illumina-based NGS platform. In the
result High-quality reads generated were aligned to Bos taurus reference genome, UMD 3.1.1. The quality of the sequencing data generated
was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis. A maximum number of reads were found to map on chromosome number 5. Bioinformatics
analysis revealed the comparative transcriptome, cloned and IVF embryos. Of the 15,264 transcripts evaluated, 13,713 were commonly
expressed in both cloned and IVF 8-cell stage embryos, 515 transcripts were expressed exclusively in cloned whereas, 504 were expressed
exclusively in IVF embryos and 532 genes remained unexpressed. A total of 1079 transcripts were differentially expressed at ≥5 FC values.
Among these 304 up-regulated and 775 transcripts were down regulated in 8-Cell stage cloned embryos. The top 3 transcripts up-regulated in
cloned relative to IVF embryos at the 8-cell stage included MFAP5, PRKG2, and ZNF33B whereas, the top 3 down-regulated transcripts
were TIAM2, MX1 and CCDC152. Finally, Transcriptome profile of cloned 8-cell embryos differs substantially from that of their IVF
counterparts.
GNRSA-2020/810
CLIMATE RESILIENT: BIOTECHNOLOGY
DEEPAK KUMAR
Biotechnological tools focus on providing the ability to directly detect and transfer genes of interest from other plant lines or organisms into
the crop of interest without the continuing need to use the appearance or stress response of the plant (its phenotype) as a proxy for the
presence of that gene. Very impressive success in terms of pest control and yield improvements have been seen globally with genetically
modified versions of soy, maize and cotton produced for insect pest resistance and/or herbicide tolerance since their first introduction in
1996. More moderate results have been seen with transgenic alfalfa, canola, papaya and squash. A major reason for the relatively slow
progress in conventional breeding responses to the stresses related to climate change arises from the fact that plant adaptation, for example to
drought or salinity effects, are not likely to be single gene changes. Whole metabolic pathways or cascades of pathways are likely to be
involved. Making such changes is a challenge for biotechnology-supported breeding as much as for conventional breeding and even the most
promising biotechnology-supported crop plant products are only now reaching large scale field testing by farming communities. No drought
tolerant transgenic crop variety has yet been released. There is a great deal of activity within the major biotechnology life sciences companies
and the agricultural research institutes and academic institutions on transgenic research for drought-prone environments.
Keywords: Biotechnology, transgenic, climate adaptation, herbicide resistance.
GNRSA-2020/811
SITE SPECIFIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN MAJOR CEREALS
1DEVI LAL DHAKER, 2RAJENDRA BAIRWA, 3MAMTA

3Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR- IARI, Pusa, New Delhi
Site-specific nutrient management is the dynamic, field-specific management of nutrients in a particular cropping season to optimize the
supply and demand of nutrients according to their differences in cycling through soil-plant systems. Site-Specific Nutrient Management
(SSNM) provides guidance relevant to the context of farmers fields. It maintains or enhances crop yields, while providing savings for farmers
through more efficient fertilizer use. Aim of SSNM is Provide a locally-adapted nutrient best management practice tailored to the field- and
season-specific needs for a crop, increase in yield, High efficiency of fertilizer use, improve profitability, improve marketable crop quality,
Improve environmental stewardship. SSNM aims to optimize the supply of soil nutrients over time and space to match the requirements of
crops through four key principles. The principles, called the “4 Rs”, Right product, Right time, Right place and Right rate. Soil fertility is one
of many factors which influence farmers’ choices regarding agricultural production, fertilization and soil and water conservation. Mainly
three steps are used in SSNM which are Establish an attainable yield target, Effectively use of existing nutrients and Apply fertilizer to fill
the deficit between crop needs and indigenous supply. Various tools are used in SSNM are GIS, GPS, Remote sensing. Various approach is
used in SSNM like Soil test based SSNM approach, Soil test and GIS Based SSNM approach, Plant Based SSNM approach. Site specific
nutrient management provides an approach for feeding crops with nutrients as and when needed.The SSNM guide to farmer to apply nutrient
at optimal rates and in at time to get high yield and high efficiency of nutrients.
Keywords: Cropping season, Remote sensing, GIS, GPS and Nutrients.
GNRSA-2020/812
ORGANIC FARMING FOR IMPROVING SOIL HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION
2RAJENDRA BAIRWA, 1DEVI LAL DHAKER, 3MAMTA, 4NEERAJ BAGORIA,5BUDITHI GOWTHAM SINGH
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR- IARI, Pusa, New Delhi
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Sabour, Bihar
5Department of Soil and Water Engineering, DRPCAU, College of Agriculture Engineering, Pusa, Bihar
Soil is a natural non-renewable resource which used as farming from thousands of years and since the green revolution most of the farmers
using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The judicious use of soil for crop production makes soil healthy. A healthy soil acts as a dynamic
living system that delivers multiple ecosystem services, such as sustaining water quality and plant productivity, controlling soil nutrient
recycling decomposition and removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Soil health is closely associated with organic farming. The
soil microorganism diversity and activity are the main components of soil health. Conservation tillage can potentially increase farmer’s
profitability by reducing inputs and labour costs as compared to conventional tillage. To make agricultural sustainable various management
strategiesare executed to increase soil organic matter and reduce erosion through improvements in plantdiversity and conservational tillage.
To maintain the soil health adopting organic farming, which enhance in organic matter of soil and minimize the soil disturbance, it is
necessity for future generation to get the healthy food and higher productivity from the same piece of land.
Keywords: Conservation agriculture, organic farming, conservation tillage, cover crop, soil health.
GNRSA-2020/813
DOUBLING OF FARMERS INCOME THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: STRATEGIES AND OPTIONS
GAJENDRA SAHU, SUSHIL K. YADAV AND VIJAY K. PRAJAPATI

Plant Pathology, AKS University, Satna (M.P.)
In Indian condition, the development of a country and their citizen depends on the success of the farmers. There are many factors and role of
the sustainable agriculture system have been found which are potential option for improvement of farmers income. But in current time
Indian farmers follow traditional farming system for cultivation. In India agricultural fields are divided into small and fragmented areas and
these fields are hugely based on the monsoon. Crop productivity is a field of uncertainty there are many factors present who directly affect
the productivity like soil health, environmental condition, rainfall etc. If we want to achieve our target to increase/doubling farmers income
then we find a ideas for reducing agricultural production cost and make innovative market system to increase the price of agricultural
products and with this find a potential sources for growth of the agricultural incomes like mixed farming, production of many pulses, use of
renewable energy source (i.e. Solar energy, Biogas), adopt many new technologies etc. Contribution of different combinations of farming
system is always impact on the income of the farmers. After some contemplated period of five to eight years farmers realize that their
incomes are increase with some social and ecological benefits.
Keywords: Doubling farmer income, sustainable agriculture, mixed farming, renewable energy source.
GNRSA-2020/814
INDUCTION OF HOST RESISTANCE WITH PLANT DEFENSE ACTIVATORS AGAINST WHITE RUST OF MUSTARD IN
VARIETY DRMRIJ-31
HANUMAN SINGH*1, JITENDRA SINGH RANAWAT2 and RATNOO, R. S.3

1College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture University, Kota
2Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
3Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur
Experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant defense activators on white rust of Indian mustard cultivar DRMRIJ-31 under artificial
epiphytotic conditions. The size of pustule due to white rust was recorded minimum as 0.30 mm, 1.47 mm and 3.13 mm at 70 DAS, 80 DAS
and 90 DAS, respectively in Metalaxyl 0.3 percent while 0.32 mm, 1.60 mm, 3.20 mm in Metalaxyl 0.2% during 2015-16. Although, the
maximum size of pustules were observed in control followed by zinc sulphate at 0.50% was 0.89 mm, 3.13 mm, and 5.60 mm during 2015-
16 at 70 DAS, 80 DAS and 90 DAS. Among the abiotic chemicals, salicylic acid was recorded significantly better among all the treatments.
The number of pustules were recorded maximum in check was 7.47 and 7.33 followed by zinc sulphate at 0.50 % was 7.13 and 6.93 during
2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. Salicylic acid 0.25% reduces 38.41% white rust disease over the control followed by calcium sulphate at
1.0% which reduces disease 29.91%. Zinc sulphate at 0.50% was found least effective abiotic chemical which reduce 9.81% disease.
Keywords: Mustard, white rust, Albugo candida, defense activators, Salicylic Acid, Metalaxyl.
GNRSA-2020/815
AGROFORESTRY: A PROMISING POSSIBILITY TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE
1JITENDRA SINGH RANAWAT, 2R.P.S. DESWAL

1 Research Scholar, Department of forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana
2Principle Scientist forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana
In the world, climate change is a serious problem for human beings as well as agriculture cultivation. At present days, climate change is a
serious issue which directly and indirectly affected the human life, forest systems as well as traditional agriculture system. The major factors
of global climate change are the increase in greenhouse gases, industrialization, deforestation, increasing livestock farming, burning of fossil
fuel and so many other human activities. Earth’s biodiversity has been greatly affected by the unusual climate which leads to loss and
degradation of natural resources and the environment. Climate change directly affected weather regime such as rainfall pattern causes
unpredictable flood, drought, cyclones, heat waves, rainstorms that not only affects agricultural production, livestock & agriculture
production but also influences the emergence of several infectious diseases. Agroforestry plays a vital and active role to mitigate the effect of
climate change and reduce global warming by absorbing greenhouse gases like CO 2, methane, etc. through the process of carbon
sequestration. Other than the carbon sequestration strategy, the agroforestry system has its applicability in agricultural lands as well as in
reforestation programs. The agroforestry system comprises different models in different regions worldwide. It plays a viable role to combat
the negative impact of climate change. By increasing tree-crop diversification, it leads to more carbon storage (carbon-sequestration) capacity
than the cultivation of sole agricultural crops. Introduction of resistant plant varieties mixed cropping, reforestation and agroforestry practices
are a major remedial measures to mitigate climate change which helps to uplift the socio-economic status of people. Therefore, the
agroforestry and tree cover on agricultural land make an important contribution to climate change mitigation. IPCC Tier 1 estimated 45.3
PgC carbon storage of tree cover on agricultural land globally, with trees contributing >75%. Whereas notified at the national level, AFS
estimated to mitigate 109.34 million tons CO2 annually. AFS has estimated at the country level that one-third (33%) of the total greenhouse
gases are emitted from the agriculture sector annually. justified that Agroforestry provides a unique opportunity to combine the twin
objectives of climate change- adaptation and mitigation. Agroforestry also has indirect benefits through carbon sequestration of elemental
carbon in the trees and it helps to decrease pressure on natural forests, which are the largest sinks of terrestrial Carbon. Thus, Agroforestry
provides a win-win situation to mitigate the unavoidable climate change effect.
Keywards: Climate change, Greenhouse gases, Adoption, Mitigation, Agroforestry.
GNRSA-2020/816
IMPACT OF SWARNAJAYANTI GRAM SWAROJGAR YOJANA (SGSY) ON INCOME GENERATION AMONG
BENEFICIARIES IN JABALPUR
JYOTI XAXA, KANTA KUMAR SAHU, EESHWAR SAHU AND DEEPAK JAISWAL
Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Jabalpur - 482004 (M.P.) India
The study was conducted in Panagar block of Jabalpur District. The sample constituted 120 beneficiaries of SGSY programme taken from
selected six villages. The beneficiaries were interviewed with the help of well-structured interviewed schedule. The collected data were
quantified, classified, tabulated and presented on the basis of frequencies and percentages. In order to ascertain relation between independent
and dependent variables, the correlation coefficient was worked out. The study concluded that majority of the beneficiary were of middle age
group, belonged to SC/ST category, educated up to primary school level, belonged to small family, possessed marginal land holding, had
agriculture and subsidiary as the occupation, medium social participation, mass media exposure and extension participation, medium attitude
level. The majority of the beneficiaries shifted from medium income generation category to high income generation after SGSY programme.
The result of the paired t-test showed that, the change in the income of the respondents before and after SGSY programme was statistically
significant with 99 degree of freedom and one per cent level of significance as the calculated t-value is (30.359**). The Relationship between
profile characteristics and impact of SGSY in terms of increase in income was clear from the result that the level of caste, education, size of
family, size of land holding, material possession, occupations, social participation, mass media exposure, extension participation, attitude of
the swarozgaries towards SGSY programme were found to be positive and significantly correlated with increase in income of the
beneficiaries, while age was found to be negatively and significantly correlated with increase in income of the beneficiaries. The problems
felt by the beneficiaries that people do not have complete information and are unable to comprehend it, there is cooperation between
education and uneducated people, complicated process in getting credit, short duration of repayment loan, lack of training and skilled work
performance, the benefits of programme are not reading to the needed people. The suggestions given by SGSY beneficiaries were that the
information related to programme should be provided on time and in proper way, every poor person should be eligible to get loan, the loan
facility should be quite simple, the amount of loan should be increased, training should be made compulsory for group, coordination is must
among the members.
Keywords: Beneficiaries, SGSY, Income generation.
GNRSA-2020/817
CHILLI- FAMOUS SPICE CROP OF KASHMIR
K. HUSSAIN, MAZAHIR HUSSAIN,SAMEENA LONE, S. NARAYAN, AJAZ MALIK, SYEDAFARWA, MAJID RASHID
Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar 190 025 (J&K)
Chilli is one of the most important commercial crops of India. Kashmirichilli, however, preferred across India and other countries for two
important commercial qualities—its colour and pungency levels. Capsaicin is prescribed in the treatment of rheumatism and bruises, in
clearing the lungs and sinuses, enhance the flow of digestive juices, which trigger the brain to release endorphins (natural pain killers), help
to neutralize cavity causing acids, protect the body against cancer through anti oxidant activity. However, not a single type of chilli occur in
Kashmir.Different types are present and Local Kashmiri Chilli is still the best choice due to its genetics responsible for optimum flavor and
bright red colour. This paper discusses local types of Local Kashmiri chilli and few genotypes/hybrids which are resistant to devastating
disease wilt in Kashmir.
GNRSA-2020/818
ROLE OF NATURAL ADSORBENTS FOR REMOVAL OF MERCURY FROM WASTEWATER
K.SUGANYA A RIZAM E PARAMESWARI S PAUL SEBASTIAN P.KALAISELVI V.DAVAMANI

R POORNIMA
Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy
Mercury (Hg) is a heavy silvery white colour liquid metal, often called as quicksilver. This persistent metal enters the environment naturally
through breakdown of minerals in rocks and through agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater disposal as anthropogenic sources.
Wastes generated through dental practices contributes nearly 50 % crude Hg and domestic waste inputs, stormwater drainage, fertilizers,
landfill leachate, paints, also contributes for the discharge of mercury. Most of the mercury released from human activities is released into
air, soil or water, thereby leads to pollution problems. When this metal is released into the environment, it gets influenced by natural
biological and chemical processes, thereby its toxicity and bioavailability is determined. Exploring eco-friendly feasible and economically
viable technologies for reducing the ill effects of mercury in the wastewater is the need of the hour. Adsorption separation is one of the most
facile, convenient, and practical technologies among the existing Hg control technologies. Utilization of adsorption processes in wastewater
treatment using various naturally available low cost adsorbent materials for the removal of mercury and their feasibility is studied in this
paper. Various physical properties of the adsorbents such as specific surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pore number could affect their
adsorption capacities. In general, some of the low cost agricultural waste by-products such as neem bark, sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, oil
palm shell, coconut husk; recycled solid waste materials like sawdust, flyash and lignin; zeolites and clays etc., are used for the elimination
of metals from wastewater. This paper aims to discuss about the nature and role of adsorbents, factors influencing the adsorption processes,
mechanisms involved in adsorption for removal of mercury in wastewater.
Keywords: Mercury, Wastewater, Adsorbents, Environment.
GNRSA-2020/819
EXTENT OF ROLE PERFORMANCE OF GRAM PANCHAYAT MEMBERS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN JABALPUR
DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH
KANTA KUMAR SAHU, EESHWAR SAHU ROHIT SINGH AND DEEPAK KUMAR JAISWAL
The present investigation was carried out in Shahpura block of Jabalpur district (M.P.). A representative sample of 120 Gram Panchayat
members were selected for the study spread over 10 Gram Panchayat of Shahpura block. The data were collected with the help of pre-
structured interview schedule. The collected data were quantified, classified, tabulated and presented on the basis of frequencies and
percentages. In order to ascertain relationship between independent and dependent variables, chi-square test was worked out. The majority of
the Gram Panchayat members were middle age, education level primary, belong to other backward caste, lived in nuclear family, had small
family size, were engaged in agriculture as occupation, membership in more than one organization, small land holding, low income group,
less contact with development agencies, time allocation for Panchayat matters up to 10 hours, more favourable attitude towards village
development and medium role performance of Gram Panchayat members. It was found that education, caste, family size, occupation, social
participation, size of land holding, annual income, contact with development agencies, time allocation for Panchayat matters and attitude
towards village development had significant relationship with role performance of Gram Panchayat members in rural development. Further,
age and family type had non- significant relationship with role performance of Gram Panchayat members. The major problem faced by
Gram Panchayat members is lack of funds, grants from outside agencies and inadequate Local generation. Some important suggestions are
Panchayat must get sufficient finance and timely availability of money should be made by government.
Keywords: Gram Panchayat, Role Performance, Rural development.
GNRSA-2020/820
PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF CHICHORIUM INTYBUS (KASNI) IN THE HIMALAYAN REGION OF UTTRAKHAND
*MAMTA ARYA AND GOHAR TAJ

*G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Kasni (chicory) is an ayurvedic plant with various medicinal values and useful in treatment of different kinds of diseases. It is beneficial in
treating liver disorders and controls diabetes in patients. It’s used as a coffee substitute and also as a salad for food. It is a perennial herb
with sturdy taproot and it belongs to asteraceae family. In India, it is found Uttarakhand in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir, and at a
height of 6000m above the sea level. Kasni plant founds in both high and low temperature and it can survive in extreme low temperature. In
Uttarakhand, somewhere it is grown for the animal forage and in some parts it is found as weed. There is a phenotypical variation in this
plant due to differences in temperature and altitude. Some plants which are found in low altitude there is difference in the morphology with
more broad leaves and which are found in high altitude there leaves are pinnated. The colour of leaves are different former with green and the
latter with the reddish green. Root of this plant is also having morphological differences with low temperature region have a sturdy type and
high temperature have branch type. This variation shows that there exists phenotypic diversity of kasni in the himalayan region of
Uttarakhand. It indicates that this germplasm constitutes a useful gene pool for cultivar improvement and selection.
GNRSA-2020/821
POTENTIAL OF BAMBOO IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
MAMTA RANI, MAMTA, NIRMALA CHONGTHAM

Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014
Climate change is the biggest concern globally due to the carbon emission in atmosphere as it causes serious threat to the species diversity,
habitats, wildlife, fisheries and other natural resources. In developing countries like India, China and other south Asian countries, climate
change could represent an additional stress on environmental and socioeconomic systems that are already facing tremendous pressures due to
rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development. Agricultural sector is also suffering due to the global warming effects as
well as by heavy metal contamination and soil erosion. It changes the physicochemical characteristics of the soil that shows the adverse
effects on soil biota. The major crops like wheat, rice, maize have experienced significantly yield reduction at the global level at 40 Mega
tons per year from 1981 to 2002 due to the global warming. Bamboo is a fast growing, evergreen, arborescent, perennial and multipurpose
member of grass family Poaceae and subfamily Bambusoideae. It grows exceptionally well in most of the climatic and ecological conditions
particularly in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. It has many unique characteristics one of them is high sequestration
rate of atmospheric CO2. Globally average CO2 sequestrations by the bamboo forest are 86 tons of CO2 per hectare per year and additionally
produce 35% more oxygen than the equivalent biomass of trees. These characteristics of bamboo make them a perfect solution for the
environmental and social consequences of tropical deforestation. Apart from these, bamboo has the ability to uptake contaminants from soil
and water by the process of rhizofiltration, phytoextraction and phytovolatilization etc. It can efficiently accumulate contaminants like heavy
metals Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu and Cd in their root, shoot, rhizomes, leaves and fibers. Species of Phyllostachys, Dendrocalamus, Bambusa,
Gigantocloa, Thyrostachys, Pseudosasa, Indocalamus and Pleioblastus are used for phytoremediation of heavy metals in several countries.
But in India negligible work has been done regarding phytoremediation using bamboo and it could be addressed considering the current
environmental issues.
Keywords: CO2, Bamboo, Soil.
GNRSA-2020/822
NOISE LEVELS DURING DUSSEHRA AT NAINI, PRAYAGRAJ (ALLAHABAD), UTTAR PRADESH
MOHD NAFEES* AND SATYENDRA NATH*

*Department of Environmental Sciences and NRM, College of Forestry, SHUATS-211007
Noise can be defined as the level of sound that exceeds the desirable limit and causes hearing difficulty and annoyance. Constant exposure to
high levels of noise causes severe stress on the auditory and nervous systems leading to physical and psychological damage. Thus noise
pollution is a silent killer that is nothing short of a curse for humans because it affects living as well as non-living things. Noise pollution is
not given much attention like other pollution. Noise pollution has become a serious problem for the society. India and all other countries have
been facing this environmental problem for a long time. Noise from sound systems is one of the most important environmental problems.
Sound system is mainly used in festive occasions in India and other countries. Various types of festivals are celebrated in India such as Eid,
Deepawali, Muharram, Holi etc. Dussehra is one of them. The monitoring of noise level was carried out at 9:00 pm to 3:00 am for the
assessment of noise pollution during Dussehra at Naini Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India in the year 2016. The L10 and L90 values were
observed in the range between 112.7-118.7 dB and 85.7-90.5 dB with the Leq values 110.5-120.3 dB. The Leq values indicate that the noise
level was higher than the desirable limit of noise at all the time during monitoring period. The higher noise was due to harmonium, dhol, high
frequency loudspeaker, Jhanki-chouki and other musical instruments.
Keywords: Noise pollution, Festival, Dussehra.
GNRSA-2020/823
GENOTYPIC VARIATIONS IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) IN TERMS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AT SEEDLING
STAGE UNDER SALINITY STRESS
1NAGARAM SOWMYA AND 2KAVITA

Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, RPCAU, Pusa.
Chickpea is an important legume crop which is sensitive to salinity and is adversely affected by salinity stress in terms of growth and yield.
The seedling stage is more sensitive to salinity stress condition for this crop. So, the present investigation was conducted with the aim of
identifying contrasting set of chickpea genotypes against salinity stress on the basis of morphological traits at seedling stage. For the
identification of contrasting set of chickpea genotypes to salinity stress, the experiment was performed in petridishes with 22 genotypes of
chickpea namely, IPC 97-67,JG 130, BG 212, ICC 5439, JG 16, K 850, SADABAHAR, BPM, JG 315, ICC 3020, IPC 06-77, ICC 244 263,
IPCK 04-29, JG 3-14-16, ICC 5434, IPC 07-56, KPG 59, ICC 5335, NBCG 47, PDE-9802E, BG 3043, and KWR-108. All the genotypes
were subjected to normal conditions (control) and three different salinity stress levels (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dSm -1) for 8 days and morphological
parameters viz., germination percent, root length, shoot length, dry weight of shoot and root, vigour index-І and vigour index-II were
recorded for the 8-day-old seedlings. Results showed a significant decrease in values of these parameters under salinity stress compared to
control condition. Among genotypes, the least reduction in germination percentage, root length, shoot length, dry weight of shoot and root,
vigour index-І and vigour index-II value were observed in genotype BG 212 while the maximum percent reduction was observed in BPM.
Keywords: Salinity stress,Chickpea, Seedling stage, Morphological parameters.
GNRSA-2020/824
CROP RESIDUES MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS
NANDAN SINGH, ANSUMAN KUMAR, NEERAJ KUMAR AND SUDHAKAR SINGH

Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya
Crop residues of common agricultural crops are important resources, not only as sources of nutrients for succeeding crops and hence
agricultural productivity, but also for improved soil, water and air quality. The development of effective CRM systems depends on a
thorough understanding of factors that control residue decomposition and their careful application within a specific crop production system.
Maintaining and managing crop residues in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many producers and more importantly to society.
Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of their beneficial role in reducing soil
degradation and increasing soil productivity. Soil C sequestration contributes to these benefits and can play a significant role in mitigating
global climate change. Food security and environmental improvement depend on soil C, a valuable resource that can be sustainable in
agroecosystem through improved, cost-effective CRM.
Keywords: Crop residues, Soil health, Sustainability, Water and Air Quality.
GNRSA-2020/825
A BRIEF REVIEW ON PERFORMANCE OF MILLET VARIETIES TO VARIED LEVELS OF NITROGEN APPLICATION
ACROSS DIVERSE RAINFED ECOSYSTEMS
P.MOHINI KUMARI*
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla- 522 101, ANGRAU
Millets are group of small seeded grasses widely grown around the world. They are important crops in semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa
with 97% of millet production in developing countries. They are favoured due to their productivity and short growing season under dry, high
temperature condition. They are known for drought tolerance and also suits to a wide range of soil conditions. The yield potential of millets
are low in India compared to the potentially achievable yield because of inadequate application of fertilizers, conventional cultivation of low
yielding cultivars and lack of good management practices. Nitrogen is the major nutrient required by millets which positively increases the
growth, yield attributes and yield (Prasad et al., 2014). Number of field trials were conducted across India to understand the responsiveness
of improved millet cultivars to nitrogen application and the results were found to be quite encouraging and the findings of some such
investigations are reviewed and presented hereunder. In Madhya Pradesh, Kodo millet responded to varying levels of nitrogen under rainfed
conditions (Divya and Mourya, 2013).Variety GPUK 3 showed significantly higher grain yield (17.77 q ha -1) which was on par with RK 48
and RK 80. Highest plant height (71.58 cm), number of tillers m-2(349.26) and no of panicles m-2 (358.55) and grain yield (18.29 q ha -1)
were observed with the application of 40 kg N ha -1. At Akola during kharifJK-36 variety of common millet registered significantly highest
Plant height (72.68cm), number of tillers m-2(383.33),number of productive tillers plant-1 (6.72) and grain yield (712 kg ha-1). Among
various nitrogen levels tried, application of 60:30:00 kg NPK ha -1 recorded significantly higher grain yield (783 kg ha -1) over rest of fertilizer
doses except 40:20:00 NPK kg ha-1 which was found to be at par with 60:30:00 kg NPK ha -1 (Bhomteet al. 2016). While at Kolhapur,
Raundal and Patil (2014) PhuleEkadashi variety recorded highest grain yield (13.45 q ha -1) over OLM 203 and 60 kg N ha-1 registered
maximum grain yield (13.40 q ha-1) over rest of the levels.
GNRSA-2020/826
ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF ROSES
PAWAN KUAMR and SONU KUMARI

Department of Horticulture, CCSHAU, Hisar
Floriculture is one of the most potential components of horticulture industry, being important from aesthetic, social and economic points of
view Indian floriculture industry comprises flower production and trade of flowers, nursery and potted plants, seeds and bulbs, nursery pant
rental services, propagation through tissue culture and essential oil extraction. In India roses are grown for cut flowers, essential oil, rose
water and gulkand. Dry petals of roses are also used for making incense sticks. Roses are native of Himalayas regions, Asia, China, Japan,
Europe and North America. There are about 150 species but very few species have played a major role in evolving modern roses. Rose,
locally called Gulab-Jo-Gul (In Sindhi) belongs to family Rosaceae. Its botanical name is Rosa indica L. in the order Rosales. Rose is very
much important plant from various aspects. However they are climatically well adopted and tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Lack
of improved production technology and awareness about cultivation are major issues in every part of the globe. Unfortunately in agricultural
research life, rose cultivation sector is most ignored around the world, less work and less promotion of its cultivation causing reduced
availability. Today, nutrient management is viewed skeptically in relation to the sustainable horticulture and environmental perfection. As we
have already entered in 21st century, attention is focused on issues related to sustainable horticulture development and there will be an
increasing interest to convert the concept of sustainability into practical reality. More recently, attention is focused on the global
environmental problems. India being an agricultural country with diverse agro climatic conditions has a great potential for rose flowers. In
traditional horticulture, soil productivity depended mainly on natural fertility of the soil. Among the organic sources viz., farmyard manure,
vermi compost and poultry manure application of farmyard manure is a store-house of plant nutrients which improves the physicochemical
properties of the soil, thereby it is very useful for the sustainable crop productivity as well as soil fertility and productivity. Today chemical
fertilizers are very expensive being mostly used to meet the nutrient requirements of horticultural crops.
Keywords: sustainable, nutrient management, sustainable horticulture development, organic fertilizers, environment.
GNRSA-2020/827
ROLE OF ICT IN AGRICULTURE
PEDDI NAGA HARSHA VARDHAN1 AND DEEPA ROY2

1Department of Agriculture Extension, 2Department of Agriculture Extension
Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar-736165.
Agriculture is one of the gigantic and indispensable sectors in our country. Agriculture continuously confronts with the crucial problems, at
the same time faces new challenges and opportunities. A large number of issues like globalization of food markets which intensifies the
competition in agricultural sector, disintegration of markets, unreliable, rise of producer and input prices, delayed information to the farmers,
climate change and competitiveness of small size farms so on are stretched over by new challenges. The increased demand for food grains
can be met only with the sincere effort in agricultural research and extension. Thus require an effective intervention for maintaining
sustainable development i.e. nothing but Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). It has many roles to perform for the
agricultural development starting from decision support system to the trading of crops. ICT technologies help in strengthening the farming
communities through wide networking and collaboration with various institutes, NGO’s and private sectors. Farmers may enhance their own
capacities through updated information and wide exposure to scientific, farming and trade community. Approximately 45 percent of ICT
projects of the world were implemented in India and maximum number of information kiosks was employed in rural India. Majority of the
ICT projects were put in action in socio-economically developed states (singhet al., 2017). Some of the e-Agriculture initiatives in India are
Agrisnet, Digital green, eSagu, IFFCO kisan sanchar LTD (IFFCO kisan), Kisan call centers (KCC), Agmarknet, Digital mandi, eArik,
aAQUA (Almost All Questions Answered). ICT is one of the major interventions which can reduces the consumer price, supports farmers to
increase their production and contributes more efficient, smarter and sustainable agriculture. Transformation of the agricultural sector into the
modern digital agriculture should be done for social and economical benefits. Adoption of more advanced ICT tools into the agriculture like
GPS, GIS. RFID, remote sensing, Smart device should be done for the precision agriculture, sustainability, environment and food safety.
Keywords: ICT, e-Agriculture, sustainable agriculture.
GNRSA-2020/828
PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) THROUGH LIMING UNDER RAIN FED CONDITION OF
NORTHEAST INDIA.
1POPIHA BORDOLOI and 2MOKIDUL ISLAM

1Krishi Vigyan Kendra Ri- Bhoi, ICAR (RC) for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103.
2Krishi Vigyan Kendra Ri- Bhoi, ICAR (RC) for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103
Agriculture is the major economic activity of North eastern part of India but the productivity of agricultural crop is very less only because of
improper management of agricultural activities. Soil acidity is a prime factor of low productivity of some of the major crops. A Front Line
Demonstration (FLD) was conducted at the farmers’ field during the year 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to test the feasibility of a
technology in the RiBhoi District of Meghalaya. The aim of the demonstration was tomanagement of acidic soils by application of lime for
increased the productivity of Maize (Zea mays) for maintaining the soil health and reducing the rate of chemical fertilizers. The
demonstration was consists of 2 treatments with 10 numbers of trials in ten different farmers’ field of RiBhoi District of Meghalaya. The total
area of the demonstration was 4 ha. The results of the FLD revealed that the application of Lime @ 500kg/ ha in furrows + 50 %
recommended dose of fertilizers + 1 ton/ ha vermicompost gave significantly higher yield followed by Farmers practice. The average yield
was significantly increase in all the years (41.77 q/ha) as compared to Farmers practice (23.17 q/ha) with increased BC ratio of 2.10 as
compared to Farmers practice (BC ratio 1.4). Moreover improved and significantly higher soil nutrient status was recorded for all the years as
compared to Farmers practice. So, the integrated use of Lime in Furrows along with NPK fertilizers and vermicompost can be effectively
used for increased the productivity of Maize crop and can reduce the rate of Lime application for sustaining the soil nutrient and maintain the
soil acidity in Northeast India.
Keywords: FLD, Maize, Soil health, RCM 1/3, Northeast India.
GNRSA-2020/829
SELECTIVE COLORIMETRIC SENSOR FOR SENSITIVE QUANTIFICATION OF HG++ IN MILK USING GOLD
NANOPARTICLES
PRANALI NIKAM1, RAMAN SETH1, SACHIN WANGDARE1, SUVARTAN RANVIR2

1 Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
2Dairy Chemistry Division, SHUATS, Allahabad, U.P.
Toxic heavy metal ions contamination into the environmental system is a critical issue worldwide due to impose of adverse health effects on
human health. Humans can be exposed to the toxic mercury ions through water, air, soil and food. Mercury is easily bioaccumulates in
organisms. Therefore, quantification of the residual concentrations of heavy metals in milk could be an important ‘direct indicator’ to predict
hygienic status of the milk, as well as an ‘indirect indicator’ of the degree of pollution of the environment in which the milk was produced.
Conventional methods available for the detection of mercury ions, such as ICP-MS, AFS, AAS, ICP-OES are widely used. These methods,
are associated with shortcomings of highly sophisticated instruments, cumbersome steps for sample preparation, time-consuming
pretreatments and requires trained personnel for analysis. In this study, selective colorimetric sensors for simple and sensitive detection of
Hg++ in milk samples was developed. This method for the highly selective detection of Hg ++ using citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs). The colorimetric sensor strategy is based on the aggregation of Hg ++-coated AuNPs using lysine amino acid and resulting in a color
change of AgNP solution from red to blue. In this attempt, ultrasound assisted-cloud point extraction was employed for extraction of Hg ++
from the milk samples. The sensor enables the analysis of Hg ++ with a minimum detectable concentration that corresponds to 100 nM.
Meanwhile, the strategy offers excellent selectivity toward Hg ++ against other cations. The validation of extraction protocol was carried out
by analysis of Hg++ in spiked milk samples using ICP-OES with satisfying recoveries over 98-104%.
GNRSA-2020/830
BIOSENSOR-USE IN AGRICULTURE
PREETI SAHU1, SARITA2 AND EESHWAR SAHU3

Department of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture Extension and department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture Raipur-492012
(C.G) India.
A convenient, quick and cost-effective method to detect the presence of allergenic components and pathogens is one of the greatest
challenges confronting the food processing industry. Biosensors are emerging as a highly promising tool for rapid diagnosis of pathogens and
allergenic components in foods. Detection of contaminants, verification of product contents, product freshness and monitoring of raw
materials conversion are the areas of potential biosensor applications. Biosensors can also be used to detect environmental pollutants, to
determine the presence of pesticide residues in agricultural products and to monitor the plant and animal health. Due to their unique
characteristics and flexibility, biosensors show great promise for food safety and environmental monitoring applications. Advances in areas
such as toxicity, bioavailability and multi pollutant screening could widen the potential market and allow these techniques to be competitive.
Biosensors certainly enhance and sustain our quality of our life. There is a need for the commercialization of biosensors in the food and the
agricultural industries. All food processing industries are potential customers for a quick, easy and reliable pathogen device. Biosensors with
quicker detection time and reusable features will be much coveted by customers for real.
Keywords: Biosensor, bioavailability, screening, pathogenic device.
GNRSA-2020/831
EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILILIZERS AND DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON SEED YIELD OF
RABI ONION (Allium cepa L.)

(C.G) India.
An experiment entitled “Effect of bio-fertililizers and different concentrations of Gibberellic acid on seed yield of rabi onion (Allium cepa
L.)” was performed during rabi season on randomized block design (RBD). The result showed that maximum plant height, number of
leaves/plant, length of leaves and width of leaves recorded under the treatment T 12- GA3 @ 5mg + Azosprillium @ 10ml/plot followed by
T11- GA3 @ 5mg + Azotobacter @ 10ml/plot. Significantly higher seed yield (292.48 kg/ha) and test weight (6.86 g) was recorded for the
treatment T12 as compared to other treatments. However, lowest yield and test weight was obtained from the treatment T 1 (control). Higher
economic benefit in terms of net return (30777Rs./ha) and B: C ratio (5.25) was obtained from T 12.
Keywords: bio-fertilizer, Gibberellic acid, seed yield, test weight.
GNRSA-2020/832
WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WEED DYNAMICS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM
L.)”

(C.G) India.
The present investigation entitled “Weed management practices on weed dynamics, growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
was presented in Randomized Block Design with three repetitions. The treatments consisted of 11 weed management practices viz, (T1) :
Weed check (Control) , (T2) : One Hand weeding at 30 days after sowing, (T 3) : Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1000 g a.i. ha -1 (PE), (T4) :
Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) + One hand weeding at 30 DAS, (T 5) : Metribuzin 70 WP @ 250 g a.i. ha-1 (PE), (T6) :
Metribuzin 70 WP @ 250 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) + One hand weeding at 30 DAS, (T 7) : Metribuzin 70 WP @ 250 g a.i ha-1 ha post emergence at 30
DAS, (T8) : Oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC @ 125 g a.i. ha -1 (PE), (T9) : Oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC @ 125 g a.i ha -1 (PE) + One hand weeding at 30 DAS,
(T10) : Imazethaypr 10% SL @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 post emergence at 30 DAS, (T11) : Weed free. The experiment results showed that the vegetative
growth characteristics viz. plant height (48.00 cm), number of branches (24.25), dry matter accumulation (21.91g), crop growth rate, were
maximum under weed free treatment (T11), followed by the treatmentT9 (Oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC @ 125 g a.i. ha- 1 (PE) + One hand weeding at
30 DAS), whereas the minimum values of above characters have been observed in the control plot (T1), Similarly maximum seed yield
(17.45 q ha- 1), stover yield (28.57q ha-1) and harvest index (40.18%) were recorded under weed free treatment (T 11), followed by the
treatment T9 (Oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC @ 125 g a.i.ha- 1 (PE) + One hand weeding at 30 DAS). However weed check (T 1) treatment recorded
lowest values for the aforesaid characters. In experimental field dominated by broad leaf weeds and among themMedicago denticulata,
Chenopodium album, Melilotus indicaand andParthenium hysterophorus were the dominated weeds. Whereas, among the grassesCynodon
dactylon and Brachiaria mutica were the prominent weeds and among the sedges Cypres rotundus was the notable weed.
Keywords: Hand weeding, weed control, pre-emergence, post-emergence.
GNRSA-2020/833
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION THROUGH DRIP ON ROOT LENGTH AND DRY WEIGHT OF
GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogeal L.)

(C.G) India.
An experiment was laid out on strip plot design to study the effect of irrigation-cum-fertigation on root growth and development of
groundnut. The experiment consist of 3 treatments on strip A viz., I1- 100% PE, I2- 80% PE, I3-60% PE and 2 treatments on strip B (F1- 75%
RDF andF2-50% RDF) with a control 100% RDF through soil application. Result revealed that treatment I 2F1 recorded better result in terms
of root length (12.50, 15.90, 17.25 and 18.05cm plant -1) and root dry weight (0.87, 1.01, 1.95 and 2.10 g plant-1) which was found at par with
treatment I1F1 and superior from the rest. It can be said that for better root growth and proliferation application of irrigation at 80% PE with
75% RDF is appropriate.
Keywords: PE (Pan evaporation), fertigation, RDF(Recommended dose of fertilizer).
GNRSA-2020/834
ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF CHARCOAL ROT OF SESAME CAUSED BY MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA
PREETI AND H.S. SHARAN

Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004
The charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, is the most destructive soil and seed borne disease of sesame
(Sesamum indicum L.) which appears every year in Haryana and causes heavy losses in yield. Hence, the present investigation was
undertaken to study the eco-friendly management of M. phaseolina through botanicals and bio-agents under in vitro and in vivo conditions in
screen house of Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU, Hisar. Among the botanicals evaluated for their efficacy in vitro against M.
phaseolina, the phytoextract of Lantana camara inhibited maximum mycelial growth by 89.43 per cent at 20 per cent concentration followed
by Parthenium hysterophorus and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts which inhibited upto 87.21 and 57.21 per cent, respectively at 20 per cent
concentration. However, ginger (Zingiber officinale) was found to be least effective in inhibiting of mycelial growth by 26.94% at 20%
concentration. Evaluation of bio-agents for their efficacy against M. phaseolina in vitro revealed that Trichoderma harzianum showed
maximum antifungal activity with 66.94, 59.99, 59.44 per cent of mycelial inhibition by dual culture technique, production of non-volatile
and volatile compounds techniques respectively, which was followed by T. viride with 59.16, 55.27, 53.00 per cent mycelial inhibition,
respectively. Pseuodomonas fluorescens was found to be least effective with 30.83, 51.38, 47.77 per cent mycelial inhibition by dual culture
technique, production of non-volatile and volatile compounds techniques respectively. Among the combinations of phytoextracts and
bioagents tested under screen house conditions, seed soaking in solution of 20 per cent concentration of L. camara extract for 5-10 minutes
followed by seed treatment with T. harzianum @ 10g/kg seed was found most effective in controlling the disease upto 36.43 per cent in HT-1
and 40.92 per cent in HT-2 varieties followed by combination of P. hysterophorus + T. harzianum which controlled the disease up to 34.28
and 38.53 per cent in HT-1 and HT-2 varieties, respectively.
Keywords: Macrophomina phaseolina, sesame, charcoal rot, botanicals, bio-agents, disease incidence, growth inhibition.
GNRSA-2020/835
AGROFORESTRY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY
PRIYA JAISWAL, YASHPAL SINGH, ARPANA SHARMA AND YOGESH KUMAR AGARWAL
Department of Forestry, JNKVV, Jabalpur
In this changing climate, fast degradation of land productivity and other environmental hazards, agroforestry is indeed a stake for natural
resources and socio-economic sustainability. Agroforestry is found to be the most desirable strategy for maintaining social, economic and
ecological sustainability in India. Therefore a study was undertaken in the country to investigate the perception and attitude of farmers
towards agroforestry, the crop diversity maintained in agroforestry, the adoption level of agroforestry practices and the socio-economic and
ecological impact of agroforestry on the farmers. The findings revealed that farmers had a good perception of, and a favourable attitude
towards agroforestry. More than one-third of the farmers (39%) belonged to the high-adoption category when all the agroforestry practices
were considered, followed by a smaller percentage of farmers, i.e. 36% and 25% respectively who belonged to low- and medium-adoption
level categories. The majority of farmers adopted an Agri-silvi-horti-cultural system. The impact of the adoption of agroforestry on the
social, economic and ecological conditions of the farmers is significant. Among the social parameters, celebration of festivals, migration and
communication exposure were found to contribute more to the total impact of agroforestry on farmers. While among the economic
parameters, family income, livestock possession and employment status were found to contribute more to the total impact of agroforestry on
farmers. The prospective role of agroforestry systems to serve as a C sink and to be incorporated into a global C trading system has not been
given the deserved importance. Thus, incorporation of agroforestry practices and systems into C sequestration and C trading projects can be
very useful to meet up the targets of CO2 emissions anticipated at Kyoto while at the same time maintaining sustainable agricultural
production and preventing further deforestation. In the forest deficient countries like India where agroforestry is fulfilling the major demands
of wood, farm trees can serve as front lines against the global challenges of climate change by sequestering huge amount of CO2. Although
the farm trees are not planted to reduce the atmospheric CO2 but they are currently sequestering huge amounts of carbon and they have great
potential to mitigate climate change.
Keywords: Agroforestry, Climate change, Economic parameters, Family income, Livestock.
GNRSA-2020/836
PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS: A NOTORIOUS WEED OF GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE
PRIYANKA GUPTA1 AND SHIVAM KUMAR2

College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar-125004, Haryana
Parthenium hysterophorus L. (commonly known as Congress grass or Gajar Ghas), family Asteraceae, is considered to be one of the
notorious weeds known today. Its introduction in India has been believed to be from North America and with passage of time it has emerged
to be destructive weed in the world. Parthenium contains chemicals such as parthenin, hysterin, ambrosin and hymenin which play role in
allelopathic effect of parthenium on different crops. These chemicals affect germination of various crops. The pollens carried away in
clusters may settle on stigmatic surface and inhibit fruit setting in crops such as tomato, brinjal, maize and capsicum. The weed is toxic to
animals causing dermatitis with skin lesions particularly on horses and cattles, mouth ulcers in animals consuming parthenium. If cows,
buffaloes or goats are fed on grass mixed with parthenium, it can cause illness in animals leading to production of bittermilk and tainted
meat. The allergens in parthenium also have ill effects on human health causing dermatitis, hay fever, bronchitis and asthma. No single
method alone is effective for control of parthenium. Various methods, like, physical, chemical, allelopathic and biological control are being
practiced for weed management around the globe. Uprooting the weed plants before flowering and seed setting is effective physical control
method but it is time consuming and unpleasant job, exposing the workers to health hazards. Use of chemical herbicides, such as glyphosate,
atrazine and metsulfuron, are effective in controlling Parthenium weed. Cassia sericea, Amaranthus spinosus, Root and shoot extracts of
Sorghum halepense, Cenchrus pennisetiformis reduce seed germination and seedling growth of parthenium (Allelopathic effect). The
biological approach is gaining attention these days. The leaf eating beetle (Zygogramma bicolorata) has good potential to control parthenium
weed. In field trials, it has been observed that buffel grass can suppress parthenium growth by 50%. Thus, biological approach is the key
element in Integrated Weed Management (IWM). More approaches and alternatives are yet to be discovered by the scientists until the weed
gets completely checked and stop creating nuisance in various parts of the world.
GNRSA-2020/837
ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN GREEN GRAM GENOTYPES (Vigna
radiata L.)
PUSHPENDRA SINGH, SURENDRA SINGH, M.K. BHARGAVA1, C.B.S. JATAV2 AND VPS KUSHWAH.1
Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, BNV College, Rath (Hamirpur, UP)
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shivpuri (M.P.)
2 RVSKVV Research Farm, Bagwai, Gwalior (M.P.)
An investigation with thirty four genotypes of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) including 10 parents and their 24 hybrids obtained by line x
tester mating design was carried out to assess the variability, heritability and genetic advance at research farm of BNV College Rath,
Hamirpur (Uttar Pradesh) during zaid season of 2019. Observations were recorded for yield and its 12 component traits. Results revealed that
seed yield per plant ranged from 3.82 to 5.70g per plant in parents while it was 5.47 to 8.30g per plant in hybrids. The component characters
also showed considerable range between the genotypes. Genotypic and phenotypic variations were recorded highest for pods per plant (55.29
and 58.41 respectively) followed by days to maturity, harvest index, days to 50% flowering, biological yield per plant and seed yield per
plant. Heritability in narrow sense was observed highest for pods per plant (89.18) while it was lowers for harvest index (27.24). Heritability
in broad sense was recorded highest for seed yield per plant (99.34) and it was lowest for seeds per pod (82.32). Genetic advance as % of
mean at 5% selection intensity was recorded maximum for pods per plant (62.27%) followed by seed yield per plant (59.48), biological yield
per plant (48.84) and pods per cluster (42.19). Improvement in seed yield per plant might be achieved by hybridization between desired
parents followed by recurrent selection for traits exhibiting, high heritability and high genetic advance as percent of mean.
GNRSA-2020/838
EFFICACY OF PHOSPHORUS AND PSB RESPONSE IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF SUMMER MOONGBEAN AND ITS
RESIDUAL EFFECT ON FODDER SORGHUM IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH
R. P. SINGH*, R. CHANDRA** AND BIKRAMADITYA***

*Department of Agronomy, A.S. (P.G.) College, Lakhaoti (Bulandshahar) U.P.
**Department of Horticulture, A.S. (P.G.) College, Lakhaoti, Bulandshahar (Uttar Pradesh) INDIA
***Department of Agronomy, CSSS PG College, Machhara, Meerut, (Uttar Pradesh) INDIA
The field experiment was conducted during two consecutive year of 2010 and 2011 during the summer and kharif season at research farm of
A. S. (P.G) College, Lakhaoti (Bulandshahar), Uttar Pradesh the farm is situated on the Bulandshahar –garhmukteswra road at a distance of
18 km from bulandshahar (U.P) towards Syana Town. The latitude and longitude of the experimental site are 28.4° N and 77.1° E
respectively with an elevation of about 207 M above mean sea Level. It has semi-arid and sub-tropical climate characterized by extreme hot
summer and cool winter. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam with pH (8.10) and EC (0.36 dSm-1) of soil water suspension.
Low in organic carbon 3.9 g kg -1.soil and status of soil in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was medium. The experiment was
designed in factorial RBD (Random Block Design) keeping three treatments of bold seeded moongbean varieties (Pusa Vishal, Pant Mung-5
and Pusa 9531) in main plots and six treatment ( T 1 0 kg P2O5 ha-1, T2 0 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 25 kg PSB ha-1, T3 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 T4 25kg
P2O5 + 25 kg PSB ha-1,T5 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 and T6 50kg P2O5 ha-1 + 25 kg PSB ha-1) of phosphorus and bio-fertilizer in sub-plots with
four replication. The total number of treatment were 18 and number of plots was 72. Results revealed that the different varieties of
moongbean to phosphorus up to 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 and inoculation of seed with PSB (25kg ha-1) increased the number of pods plant-1,
number of seeds pod-1 grain and straw yield (q ha-1) and uptake of NPK by succeeding fodder Sorghum. The net return also increased with
increased levels of phosphorus and inoculation of seed with PSB (25kg ha-1).
Key words: Summer moongbean, phosphorus, PSB and Fodder Shorghum.
GNRSA-2020/839
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SUPPORTING MEDIA ON THE SEED GERMINATION BEHAVIOUR AND SEEDLING
SURVIVABILITY OF Rhododendron arboreum SMITH
RAVINDRA SINGH1, SANTAN BATHWAL1, H.S. GINWAL1 AND MANISHA THAPLIYAL2

1
Department of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Forest Research institute Dehradun
2
Silviculture and Forest Management Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect the different supporting media and temperatures on germination behaviour and
survivability of Rhododendron arboreum Smith under laboratory conditions. Because of overexploitation Rhododendron flowers by the local
people and its natural regeneration problem very less information is available in the seed germination pattern of the species. The regeneration
problem is mainly due to its tiny and microscopic seed. Study involves the four supporting media viz., M1 (whatman filter paper + 1/10th MS
media), M2 (Vermiculite + 1/10th MS media), M3 (Cocopeat+ 1/10th MS media), M4 (40% vermiculite + 60%Cocopeat + 1/10 liquid MS
media) each at different temperature, ambient room temperature T 1 (26±1ºC), T2 (19±1ºC), T3 (22±1ºC) and the Deep Freezer T4 (-4±1ºC).
The result revealed that the maximum germination was recorded in the M 4 with 76% germination while, the maximum germination was
recorded at T2 (22±1ºC) on 10 th and 11th day after seed sowing as compared to minimum temperature (-4±1ºC).The maximum survibility
upto 90 day was observed in the seedlings grown in M 4 supporting media as compared to minimum seed germinated in deep freezer at (-
4±1ºC). Finally it is concluded that the media M 4 ((40% vermiculite + 60%Cocopeat + 1/10 liquid MS media) and the temperature (22±1ºC)
was most suitable for seed germination and seedlings survivability.
Keywords: Germination Rhododendron, supporting media and seedlings survivability
GNRSA-2020/840
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
1
RENU GANGWAR AND 2AMITA YADAV
1
Assistant Professor (Department of Agricultural Extension Education)College of Agriculture, Kotwa, AzamgarhAcharya Narendra Deva
University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP)
1
Assistant Professor,College of Agriculture (Lovely professional university, Jalandhar, Punjab)
Information use in Agriculture has increasingly become important for effective decision-making by the farmers. The rapid technological
advancements and changing agricultural systems have significantly changes the needs of transfer of advanced and timely information and
knowledge to the farmers through ICT based channels. Farmers’ decisions of adopting new agricultural technologies are based on their
perceptions of limited information. Information on improved agricultural technologies and practices in most developing countries is delivered
by publicly funded agricultural extension services, which have previously failed to respond to the changing needs of the farming
communities. However, significant changes in publicly-funded agricultural extension services have been seen in recent years, where the use
of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have substantially increased to meet the information requirement of the farming
communities. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have a great potential help to transform agriculture into a profitable farm
business. The ability of modern ICTs to deliver relevant and timely information facilitates taking informed decisions for using their resources
in the most productive and profitable ways. Information and Communication Technology is focuses on the enhancement of agricultural and
rural development through improved information and communication processes. ICT includes devices, networks, mobiles, services and
applications; these range from innovative Internet-era technologies and sensors to other pre-existing aids such as fixed telephones,
televisions, radios and satellites. Provisions of standards, norms, methodologies, and tools as well as development of individual and
institutional capacities, and policy support are all key components of e-Agriculture.
Keywords:Agriculture, Communication, Information and Technology.
GNRSA-2020/841
TREND ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL AND RAINY DAYS OF RAJNANDGAON DISTRICT IN CHHATTISGARH
ROHIT SINGH, KANTA KUMAR SAHU, EESHWAR SAHU AND H.L. SHARMA
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Agriculture, Jabalpur - 482004 (M.P.) India
The study of rainfall pattern is very important for the agricultural planning of any region. The detailed rainfall analysis is essential for
optimal management of rainwater at various level /uses, like land and crop management and crop planning for any region. The analysis
showed the mean, CV, % contribution value of rainfall. The trend analysis is done for Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh for monthly
rainfall data for the period of 1988-2018 using non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator test.From the study it is concluded
that In case of monthly rainfall the coefficient of variation is less in the months of June, July, August and September (CV < 76%).In case of
rainy days June to September have less variability (CV < 75%). Monsoon rainfall has minimum coefficient of variation that is 30.88 than
pre-monsoon (33.83%) Winter rainfall has highest coefficient of variation (208.48 %). In case of rainy days, Monsoon rainy days has
minimum coefficient of variation 38.08 % than pre-monsoon 45.19%. Winter rainy days has highest coefficient of variation of 170.96%.
The significant decreasing trend is observed in annual, monsoon and September rainfall whereas May rainfall has increased significantly at
5% level of significance though there is no significant trend in rainy days.
Keywords: Rainfall, Rainy Days, Trend Analysis
GNRSA-2020/842
DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC) OF CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES AGAINST
Rhizoctonia solani CAUSING BANDED LEAF AND SHEATH BLIGHT IN MAIZE
SADHNA CHAUHAN* AND RAJESH PRATAP SINGH

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture
G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the minimum concentration of a chemical compound that will result in the inhibition of growth
of a microorganism. MICs are principally used to confirm resistance in chemical fungicides, but most often as a tool to determine the in
vitro activity of new fungicides and antibiotics. In the present study, four fungicides viz. Carbendazim 50 % WP, Azoxystrobin 11% +
Tebuconazole 18.30 % SC, Tebuconazole 50 % + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG (at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm conc.) and Azoxystrobin 18.2 % +
Difenoconazole 11.4 % SC (at 10, 12, 14, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm conc.) were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and
sheath blight in maize for determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in vitro using poison food technique. All the
fungicides showed variable response in inhibiting the colony growth of the pathogen. Among all the tested MICs fungus proved highly
sensitive to Carbendazim 50 % WP at 6 ppm concentration, Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.30 % SC and Tebuconazole 50 % +
Trifloxystrobin 25% WG each at 10 ppm concentration and Azoxystrobin 18.2 % + Difenoconazole 11.4 % SC at 14 ppm concentration with
100% growth inhibition. These studies can be helpful in exploring R. solani for determing its resistance development to specific fungicides
and thereby devising suitable management strategy against banded leaf and sheath blight in maize.
GNRSA-2020/843
JALKUND A LOW COST RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE IN EAST GARO HILLS OF MEGHALAYA
SANJARAMBAM NIRUPAMA CHANU* AND BRIJENDRA SINGH

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya-794111
Under Central Agicultural University, Imphal, India
Water is one of the most precious natural resource essential for all life forms and for sustaining the ecosystems. In East Garo Hills district,
70% rainfall is received during rainy season and almost all the rainwater is lost as surface runoff due to undulating hilly terrain. The farmers
in the district suffer from extreme water scarcity during November to March. In this regard, rain water harvesting and efficient utilization
holds promise for sustainable livelihood. Jalkund, a low cost rainwater harvesting structure is a very suitable technology for the farmers for
agricultural and allied activities. Three numbers of front line demonstrations (FLD) on Jalkund was conducted at different villages in East
Garo Hills district, Meghalaya. The size of Jalkund made is of 5 m x 4 m x 1.5 m and plastering was done with slurry of clay and cow dung
mixed in the ratio of 5:1. After clay-plastering, about 3–5 cm thick cushioning was done with locally and easily available dry pine leaf or
straw (@ 2–3 kg/sq. m) on the walls and bottom, to avoid any kind of damage to the lining material from any sharp or conical gravel.Lining
of Jalkund was done with the LDPE agri-film (250 micron thickness). Vegetables like cabbage, onion, tomato etc. were planted in and
around the Jalkund. The average storage capacity of Jalkund is 30000 litres and yield of crops (cabbage, tomato & onion) was found be 18.75
q/ha. The average cost of each litre of water harvested is calculated as 0.58 paisa.The farmers were so satisfied with this technology to store
water and use in lean season and give opportunity for taking up of agricultural and allied activities like poultry, piggery, fishery and dairying
around Jalkund apart from day to day domestic purpose uses.
Keywords:Jalkund, Rainwater harvesting structure, Plastering, LDPE Agri-film
GNRSA-2020/844
EFFECT OF SHELTER DESIGN ON DAIRY ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION IN TROPICS
SHAILENDRA KUMAR RAJAK1* AND PANCH KISHOR BHARTI2

1- Krishi Vigyan Kendra Parsauni, E. Champaran 2- ICAR- MGIFRI, Piprakothi, Motihari
Tropical climate has a direct effect on dairy animal production and well-being, especially because of its extreme temperature variations from
0 to 40oC, whereas comfortable temperature varies from 18 to 27 oC. Therefore an adequate protection is required from extremes on both
sides of temperature spectrum. There is a number of management and housing alterations that can be made to decrease the impact of heat
stress. Some current practices to reduce heat stress in dairy cows, such as shades, sprinklers and ventilation will be suitable. Production
performance of the animal will also be affected when it is too cold because increased proportion of energy will be used for maintenance of
body temperature. So optimum design and maintenance of suitable shelter is an important component of dairy animal production in tropics.
Effective ventilation utilizing natural and draft ventilation, coupled with optimum cubic space requirement ensures welfare of dairy animals.
Floor and roof materials should be selected not only based on cost effectiveness but also taking their ability to provide thermal comfort into
concern. The particulate and microbial contaminants also need to monitored and kept within the recommended limits to ensure quality of
animal health and products. Thus shelter management is not just about constructing a mechanical structure but it is an elaborate process of
predicting, analyzing, designing, erecting and managing a livable environment to facilitate welfare and productivity of dairy animals. The use
of locally available raw materials having qualities like low cost and better thermal insulation also need to be considered while designing
practical housing plans in rural Indian conditions. Validation of various indigenous technical knowledge in this area may also be utilized in
tropical shelter management.
GNRSA-2020/845
IMPORTANCE & ROLE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR AGRICULTURE
SHUBHAM ARYA & DR. SAURABH TYAGI

Department of Agriculture, Shobhit University Meerut
Department of (Ag & AI) School of Biological Eng. & Life Sciences, Shobhit University Meerut
Climate change is the pressing concern of the 21st century. With continuous rising global temperature, it is vital for each and every sector to
concentrate on the number of greenhouse gases they emit and the amount of fossil fuels they consume. Warmer temperatures are causing
havoc such as drought, floods and early frost. With such rising concerns, solar energy is proving to be a boom to mankind. Each and every
sector is trying to adopt this renewable form of energy. Agriculture is one such sector, which can benefit hugely due to the adoption of solar
energy. With the rising global population, the demand for agricultural products is increasing at an exponential rate. Solar Energy is not new
for agriculture. It is also evident that the solar energy (sunlight) is one of the most important and un-ignorable element for any agricultural
production in any part of the world. The sunlight that reaches Earth each day is immense which can be understood by the fact that 20 days of
sunlight can provide all energy available in Earth's reserves of coal, oil, and natural gas. Solar energy can be useful in agriculture (or
farming) in many ways which includes cost effectiveness, self dependency, reduced climate change and sustainability. Solar energy can also
generate electricity. Solar PV panels are proved to be an economical choice rather new transmission lines for providing power to remote
agricultural locations. Another benefit of solar PV system is that they need very less operating cost and with no moving parts as compared
with diesel generators. Solar lantern (using stored solar PV electricity) can also be used for providing light during night in agricultural farms
and nearby areas. Solar electricity-based fencing (for keeping animals away from farms) and insect/pest attractors (for keeping insects away
from crops) are also eye-catching examples of solar energy application in sustainable agriculture. Sunlight based crop drying is one of the
classical applications in agriculture. The crops dried using solar dryer is being prevented from any sort of damage by pests, birds, animals or
raining. Solar energy can also be used to maintain a greenhouse which is able to provide required heat for required growth of crops or plants.
A proper insulation is being also used to retain heat for using it on cloudy or rainy days and during night time. Solar greenhouse is generally
south facing and proper insulation is provided on its northern side. Solar energy possesses a huge potential for solar irrigation and can be
used to pump water for livestock and crops. We need to design or renovate buildings to trap the heat available in daylight. The trapped heat
can also be used to warm homes and livestock yards. Some livestock need a continuous supply of fresh air. The most cost-effective approach
is to ask your builder to design the structure of building in such a way that it effectively optimizes the sunlight it receives.
GNRSA-2020/846
ROLE OF PRECISIONFARMINGIN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
SINTU MALIK1 AND PANKAJ DAHIYA2

1
Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU, Hisar
2
Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCSHAU, Hisar
With exponential human population growth and associated increases in food demand, we have to meet global demands and remain
competitive in global markets, modern agriculture emphasizes maximizing productivity (e.g., increased yield) and minimizing costs. A
comprehensive approach to achieve sustained crop productivity and profitability requires best management practices to improve soil and
water quality encompass an array of strategies, including reduced or no tillage, crop rotation, cover crops, off-site bioremediation (e.g.,
vegetative buffers), reduced chemical inputs, and more efficient use of chemical inputs, such as variable rate application. Because of the
complexity associated with natural and agricultural ecosystems, a land management practice found to be sustainable at one site might not
be equally sustainable at another site. Agricultural production systems are inherently variable due to spatial variation in s oil properties,
topography, and climate. To achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable cropping systems, variability must be considered both in space and
time because the factors influencing crop yield have different spatial and temporal behavior. Advances in technologies such a s Global
Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing and simulation modeling have created the possibility
to assess the spatial and temporal variability present in the field and manage it with appropriate site -specific practices. Such approach is
commonly called Precision Agriculture(PA) or site-specific crop and soil management. Precision agriculture technologies provide a
powerful conservation planning tool for identifying environmental and economic opportunities in agricultural systems. PA at the appropriate
level in food insecure countries is also a powerful tool once it is applied appropriately, based on local crop and site-specific conditions. It is
the most recent innovation technology based on sustainable agriculture and healthy food production and it consists of profitability and
increasing production, economic efficiency and the reduction of side effects on the environment.
Keywords:productivity, management practices, Global Positioning System, Geographic Information Systems, remote sensing, site-specific
practices
GNRSA-2020/847
KINETICS OF ACC-DEAMINASE ACTIVITY OF Pseudomonasfluorescens, ITS POPULATION GROWTH UNDER
DIFFERENTFERMENTATION CONDITIONS
SR JAKHAR*1, NG MITRA2,RK SAHU2 AND SS BAGHEL2

1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Jaora, Ratlam - 457 340
2
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry
J.N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur - 482 004 (M.P.), India
The present investigation entitled “Kinetics of ACC-deaminase activity of Pseudomonasfluorescens, its population growth under different
fermentation conditions” was carried out during Kharif 2018-19 at the Laboratory of Microbes Research & Production Centre, Department of
Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur M.P. Under fermentation experiment a local
but effective strain of P. fluorescens was batch cultured for 13 intervals of time (at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132 and 144 hr)
with 16 treatments (4 temperature 25, 28, 31 and 34 oC and 4 pH 6.7, 7.2, 7.7 and 8.2) under RBD factorial design with 2 replications. Broth
samples were drained out from the fermentator at the scheduled intervals for study on the bacterial population growth and enzyme ACC-
deaminase. Population growth of P. fluorescensin broth samples as effected by different temperature and pH with respect to time intervals
was maximum with T28+pH 7.2 with 6.4638 log cfu/ml(2.94x106cfu/ml). Kinetically, the growth rate Vmax was 0.3379 log cfu/hr (2.17x100
cfu/hr) at Time 44 hr for maximum population of 7.9219 log cfu/ml (8.35x10 7 cfu/ml) attained at 60 hr with a low value of population
growth rate constant (Km) 0.0107 hr (0.64 min). Likewise, ACC-deaminase of the PGPR in broth samples was maximum for 127 nmol α-
ketobutyrate g−1 biomass h−1 with T28+pH 7.2. Kinetically, the Vmax was 0.0082 nmol α-ketobutyrate g−1 biomass h−1at time 36 hr for yielding
maximum population 169 nmol α-ketobutyrate g−1 biomass h−1at 72 hr along with a low value of Km0.0006 hr (0.36 min).
Keywords: ACC-deaminase; Pseudomonasfluorescens; population; fermentation.
GNRSA-2020/848
QUALITY EVALUATION OF IDLI PREPARED FROM READY TO COOK LITTLE MILLET BASED IDLI MIX POWDER
*SRISHTI UPADHYAY, ANAMIKA DAS, PRAFULL KUMAR, JOHN DAVID, SANGEETA SHUKLA AND SHALINI B. MASIH
Warner College of Dairy Technology, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) – 211007
Ready to cook foods are those food which needs lesser processing steps as compared to normal cooking. The fast changing life style of the
consumer demand convenience in terms of time and energy. The development of ready to cook/ instant products and mixes save time labor
and provides hygienic products. Little millet is rich in phyto-chemicals and it has excellent antioxidant properties. It is rich in dietary fiber
that protects against hyperglycemia and helps in reducing cholesterol and helps indigestion. It reduces heart attacks, improves digestion,
protects from breast cancer and protects childhood asthma. Dietary fiber present in little millet is responsible for its low glycaemic index and
a recent study conducted on little millet indicates that it exhibits hypoglycaemic effect due to its higher proportion of dietary fiber.
Considering the health benefits of little millet, the present investigation was designed to incorporated little millet along with rava, black gram
and flaxseed powder to prepare idli. Among the different treatments formulated, using different combination of rava and little millet, it was
found that idli prepare from which has containing fifty percent rava and fifty percent little millet scored highest in organoleptic evaluation.
Physico-chemical analysis viz., Moisture, Fat, Protein, Ash, Carbohydrate, Titratable acidity, pH, Crude fiber and Antioxidant were also
carried out.
Keywords: Idli, Idli mix powder, Rava, Little millet and Flaxseed powder.
GNRSA-2020/849
GENERATION OF BIOGAS BY UTILIZING FRUIT AND VEGETABLE WASTES
SRUJANA EDA*1, PRODYUT KUMAR PAUL2,

1
PhD student, 2Professor, 1,2 Department of Post Harvest Technology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal,
Fruit and vegetable wastes occur throughout the supply chain and vary widely depending on its processing. Fruits and vegetables are rapidly
degraded by contaminating microorganisms and this takes place even faster when they exhibit signs of mechanical damage or are excessively
ripe. Even for short-term disposal, high environmental complications are generated. Moreover, the production of FVWs increases the
operating costs of the markets due to both sales losses and transport and disposal costs. Generation of renewable energy by bioconversion of
fruit and vegetable wastes is gaining importance as it has proved to be a proficient means of utilizing the perishable vegetable residues.The
development of a pollution-free model is required to terminate the environmental threat caused by these wastes. Production of biogas is a
new approach to combat this problem. Biogas is a renewable fuel produced by the breakdown of organic matter such as food scraps and
animal waste which is used in variety of ways to fuel generators, to produce steam, as vehicle fuel, for heating and electricity. An aerobic
digestion is an appropriate technology for control and handle the waste especially organic fraction of fruit and vegetable solid wastes.
Anaerobic digestion of a mixture of fruit and vegetable wastes has been carried out in a 200 liters anaerobic digester at ambient temperature
with a duration of 14 weeks. Anaerobic digestion produces biogas with a high percentage of methane which can be used as fuel. Methane-
rich biogas is generated for energy production through anaerobic digestion. The methane in biogas can be burned to produce both heat and
electricity using internal combustion engines or microturbines. Biogas production process is microbial in nature and is majorly affected by
temperature, pH, volatile fatty acids, microbial population and ammonia. The quality and quantity of biogas produced is totally determined
by these factors. Production of biogas from fruit and vegetable waste is a major step toward harnessing one of the world’s most prevalent
resource. Biomethane, biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol and biohydrogen can also be produced from fruit and vegetable wastes.
Keywords: Biogas, anaerobic digestion, methane, fuel.
GNRSA-2020/850
THE STUDY OF SUGARCANE WITH INTERCROP OF ONION VAR. NASIK RED ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BOTH
CROPS DURING AUTUMN WINTER SEASON
SUDHANSHU*, ANANT KUMAR, ARVIND KUMAR AND P.K.MADKE

Animal Husbandry Department, Meerut*
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ghaziabad
On farm field trial experiment was conducted during 2018-19 autumn winter season sugarcane to evaluate with intercrop of onion var. Nasik
Red on growth and yield of both crops. The experiment was conducted in three progressive farmers’ field of Ghaziabad district with three
treatments i.e. T1- Method of trench planting of sugarcane with intercrop of onion var. Nasik Red in single row, T2 -Trench method of
double row sugarcane planting with intercrop of onion var. Nasik Red and T3- Control farmers practice. The maximum average yield of
sugarcane 1005 q/ha and maximum average yield of onion var. Nasik Red 166 q/ha was recorded in T2 trench planting followed by double
row of sugarcane crops. The farmers practice was maximum sugarcane average yield 824 q/ha and onion var. Nasik Red maximum average
yield 145 q/ha in farmers practice was recorded as minimum. The best method of sugarcane double rows planting used trench method as
compared to single row and flat planting method in each crop. The yield was recorded 21.96% sugarcane and 14.48 % onion var. Nasik Red
more as compared to farmers practice.
Keywords: sugarcane seed, onion seed, trench method
GNRSA-2020/851
MADHYA PRADESH ADOPTION BEHAVIOUR OF RECOMMENDED VEGETABLE PRODUCTION PRACTICES OF
GROWERS
TAKESHWAREE DHIWAR, KANTA KUMAR SAHU, EESHWAR SAHU AND DEEPAK JAISWAL
The present investigation was carried out in Shahpura block of Jabalpur district (M.P.). Representative samples of 120 vegetable growers
were selected for the study spread over 12 villages of Shahpura block. The data were collected with the help of pre-structured interview
schedule. The collected data were quantified, classified, tabulated and presented on the basis of frequencies and percentages. In order to
ascertain relation between independent and dependent variables, the Chi-square was worked out. The majority of the vegetable growers were
middle age group, belong to other backward caste, education level middle, small size of land holding, medium area under vegetable crops,
medium extension participation, and low information seeking behaviour, medium economic motivation, Medium annual income, medium
risk preference and medium knowledge level of recommended vegetable production practices. Level of education, size of land, area under
vegetable, extension participation, information seeking behaviour, economic motivation, annual income, risk preference and knowledge level
were found to be significant with adoption behaviour of recommended vegetable production practices. Age and caste had showed non-
significant association with adoption behaviour of vegetable grower’s .The major problems faced by vegetable growers is lack of training
about recommended vegetable production technology. Some important suggestions were given by them is recommended vegetable
production technology training should be given, and the electricity should be made available, visit of RHEO’S should be regular, rate of
seeds, fertilizers and insecticides etc.
Keywords:Adoption, behaviour, vegetable growers
GNRSA-2020/852
CROSS-TOLERANCE RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA GENOTYPES AGAINST SALINITY AND HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS
THROUGH PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
TRISHA SINHA*, SHAILESH KUMAR, DAYANJI SHERPA AND AJAY KUMAR SINGH
Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa- 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India
Chickpea, being a legume crop is a well known salt-sensitive crop. High temperature also results in negative effects for this crop throughout
its life cycle, especially in reproductive stage. Studies regarding individual stress of salinity and high temperature on legume crops are found
available but very few studies had revealed the effects of combined salinity and high temperature stresses on legume crops and their
responses to those stresses. Tolerance to both salinity and high temperature in crops is conferred by some changes in physio-biochemical
traits. A pot experiment was conducted with six chickpea genotypes viz. KPG-59, IPC-2013-74 and NDG-15-6 (tolerant group); and KWR-
108, BG-3075 and BG-3076 (susceptible group) to study the response of these genotypes under salinity (Soil of EC 4.20 dSm -1) stress in
normal sowing and high temperature stress through late sowing to catch high temperature at reproductive stage. Several physio-biochemical
traits viz. photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b), carotenoids contents, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) unit,
relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) content and proline were determined using
chickpea leaves at flowering stage. Results revealed that all the traits were significantly affected by both salinity and high temperature stress
in individually and in combination. However, the response by tolerant group of genotypes was not similar under combined stress as in their
individual stress. This clearly indicates the developed cross-tolerance in tolerant genotypes while facing two different stresses one by one.
The reason might be attributed to ability of plants to develop resistance mechanisms while facing one stress so that second stress could not
affect much more. It can be concluded from the experimental results that the variations in terms of response in changes of physiological and
biochemical parameters in chickpea genotypes under salinity and high temperature stress condition along with cross-tolerance developed in
tolerant genotypes might be good criteria for further studies in development of genotypes with improved physio-biochemical traits.
Keywords: chickpea, salinity and high temperature stress, physio-biochemical traits, reproductive stage
GNRSA-2020/853
INTEGRATED APPROACH TECHNIQUES TO CONTROL MAJOR PESTS ASSOCIATED WITH COCONUT
TUMMA MOUNIKA*, SHYMAL KUMAR SAHOO, DEBANJAN CHAKRABORTHY

Department of Agricultural Entomology, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India.
A wide range of pest species are associated with cultivated and wild coconut palms. Many major or minor pests attacking the coconut palm
cause substantial reduction in the yield of the nuts. Insect pests belonging to order Coleoptera are numerous. Among all the pests attacking
coconut, Red palm weevil (Rhynchphorous ferrugineus Olivier), Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) and Coconut black headed
caterpillar (Opisina arenosella) are the most important devasting pests attacking the coconut across the world. These pests are distributed in
all coconut growing areas. These pests mostly feed on leaves, roots or bores plant buds which results in loss of fronds and damage of palms.
For management of red palm weevil, avoid cutting of the green leaves about 120 cm away from the stem in order to prevent successful
inward movement of grubs through cut end and setting up of attractant traps (mud pots) containing sugar molasses 2.5kg+ acetic acid 5ml +
yeast 5g + longitudinally split coconut stem in one acre to trap adults red palm weevils in large numbers. An entomopathogenic fungus,
Beauveria bassiana, partially controls Red palm weevil. For management of Rhinoceros beetle, collection of various stages of beetles from
manure pits is a cultural practice. Release of Baculovirus oryctes inoculated adult rhinoceros beetle @ 6beetles/acre reduces the leaf and
crown damage. Apply mixture of either neem seed powder + sand (1:2) @150 g/palm or neem seed kernel powder + sand (1:2) @150 g/palm
in the base of the 3 inner most leaves in the crown. For the management of Black headed caterpillar the cultural practice, the first leaves may
be cut and burnt during the beginning of the summer season. Use of the parasitoids like (Bracon spp, Ichneumon spp, Goniozus nephantidis,
Brachymeria spp etc) predators like (Reduviid bug, spider, red ant, earwig, ground beetle etc). Judicious integration of the above
management practices in a need based manner with the sustained surveillance and scouting are the key factors for enhancing the productivity
in coconut.
Keywords: Integrated, Management, Red palm weevil, Rhinoceros beetle, Coconut black headed caterpillar
GNRSA-2020/854
IMPACT OF CLIMATIC CHANGE ON SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
VENUGOPALA REDDY M AND M. G. PATIL

Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India-584104
Vegetables are potential crops for achiving food security, nutritional security and to create employment opportunity in the country. These
crops are rich source of natural protective foods and adopted to grow easily in different farming systems. Climate plays a vital role in crop
distribution and productivity. Slight variation in climate during the crop growth stages cause heavy loss to the farmers in terms of reduced
yield, quality and economy. The climate of earth is always changing through natural cycle, but the climatic changes in recent days has been
speeded up because of industrialization and commercialization. The release of greenhouse gases into earth’s atmosphere creating a serious
affect viz., mortality of seedlings, reduction in flowering, fruit cracking and sudden outbreak of serious pest and diseases. Drought and
salinity are the two important consequences of increase in temperature worsening vegetable cultivation. Increase in CO2 may increase crop
yields due to increased CO2 fertilization, but decreases after some extent. Anthropogenic air pollutants such as CO 2, CH4 and CFC’s are
contributing to the global warming and dioxides of nitrogen and sulphur are causing depletion of ozone layer and permitting the entry of
harmful UV rays. These effects of climate change also influence the pest and disease occurrences, host-pathogen interactions, distribution
and ecology of insects, time of appearance, migration to new places and their overwintering capacity, there by becoming major setback to
vegetable cultivation. Potato is most vulnerable to climate change due to its exact climatic requirement for various physiological processes,
among the all vegetables. The adverse impact of climatic change on productivity and quality of vegetable crops can be mitigated by adopting
different strategies like smart agriculture, protected cultivation, grafting, developing resistant varieties/hybrids, using wild species,
antitranspirants and other agronomic practices.
Keywords: Climate change, Vegetables, Atmospheric gasses and Crop production
GNRSA-2020/855
ASSOCIATION STUDIES IN MUNGBEAN [Vignaradiata L. Wilczek] FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS
*VERSHA AND RAJESH YADAV

Pulses Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) India- 125004
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an important food legume which provides an important and inexpensive source of dietary protein as
well as its symbiotic ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Yield is a complex trait, influenced by several other traits. The present study was
conducted to evaluate the relationship among yield and yield attributing characters of released and advanced genotypes during spring and
kharif seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. Eighty genotypes of mungbean were investigated to capture the existing genetic variability,
correlation, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and expected genetic advance for yield and other quantitative traits
by using randomized block design with two replications at CCS HAU, Hisar. Genotypes revealed significant wide genetic variation for
almost all the quantitative traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found lower than genotypic coefficient of variation
(GCV) was observed and coefficient of variation found high for plant height followed by seed size, 100 seed weight, number of pods plant -1
and seed yield plant-1. Higher broad sense heritability was recorded for seed size, 100 seed weight followed by number of branches plant -1,
days to maturity and pod length. The high genetic advances per cent mean was observed by 100 seed weight, plant height and number of
branches plant-1. The correlation of seed yield with pod length, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and number of seed pod-1
and 100 seed weight was positive and significant both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis at genotypic level
depicted that among the nine independent traits; 100 seed weight, number of pods plant -1, pod length and number of branches plant-1 had
positive and direct influence on seed yield.
Keywords: association, heritability, coefficient of variation, yield
GNRSA-2020/856
GREEN GRAM: COST OF CULTIVATION AND INPUT-OUTPUT RELATIONSHIP IN KANPUR DEHAT DISTRICT OF
UTTAR PRADESH STATE IN NORTHERN INDIA
VIKAS SINGH SENGAR1, NAVEEN KUMAR 2ASHISH SRIVASTAVA3 , BAIJNATH CHAUDHARY4AND KK SINGH5
1.&3.,4. Ph.D. Research Scholar, Deptt. of Agril. Eco., ANDUA&T Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P.
2. Assistant Professor Deptt, of Agril. Statistics BU Jhansi, U.P.
5. Assistant Professor, Deptt. of Agril. Eco., ANDUA&T Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P.
Pulses on account of their vital role in nutritional security and soil ameliorative properties have been an integral part of sustainable
agriculture since ages. Green gram (Vigna radiata L) belongs to the family Leguminosae .Green gram is the third important pulse crop of
India grown in nearly 8 per cent of the total pulse area of the country. Pulses play an important role in providing a nutritionally balanced diet.
These are the principal source of protein for vegetarians. Pulses are the second main source of protein after cereals in Indian diet. India is the
largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses. Basically, the total pulses area occupied 26.28 million hectares which contributed
production 18.10MT during 2010-11. Present study was conducted in Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar Pradesh state in Northern India in the
year 2017-18. Data were collected through personal interview method. The study is based on 100 sample farms of different categories viz.
marginal (40), small (35) and medium (25). Multistage stratified proportionate random sampling was applied for selection of respondents.
Primary information was collected through personal interview method through pre-tested questionnaires. Simple tabular analysis was applied
for drawing results. Overall average, per hectare cost of cultivation was estimated Rs.20455.02 in the study area. Per hectare cost of
cultivation revealed inverse relationship with the size of holding of the respondents in the study area. Overall average gross income was
estimated Rs. 63410.56 in study area. Input-output ratio, on overall average farm observed 1:3.10, in the study area. Green gram is a lucrative
pulses crop in the study area and is suitable for doubling the farmer’s income in study area.
Keywords: pre-tested questionnaires, cost of cultivation, gross income and Input-output ratio
GNRSA-2020/857
BLACK GRAM: ECONOMIC STUDY ON COSTS AND RETURNS IN ETAWAH DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH
VIKAS SINGH SENGAR1, KK SINGH2,ASHISH SRIVASTAVA3AND NAVEEN KUMAR4, BAIJNATH CHAUDHARY5

1.&.3.5. Ph.D. Research Scholar, Deptt. of Agril. Eco., ANDUA&T Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P.
4. Assistant Professor of Agril. Statistics, BU, Jhansi
Black gram is one of the important pulse crops grown throughout India. Black gram contains about 24 per cent protein, 60 per cent
carbohydrates, 1.3 percent fat, and is the richest among the various pulses in phosphoric acid, being 5 to 10 times richer than in other. Black
gram (V. mungo) is one of the important pulse crops in India which plays an important role in supplementing the income of small and
marginal farmers. Keeping in view the importance of the black gram a study on “Black gram: Economic Study on Costs and Returns in
Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh” was specifically carried out. District Etawah was purposively selected and one block, namely Bharthana
having highest acreage under black gram selected purposively for the study, a separate list of all villages of selected block was prepared
along with acreage under black gram cultivation, 5 villages were selected randomly for study. Finally 100 respondents were selected
following proportionate random sampling. These selected respondents divided into three categories according to land holding, 47 marginals
(below 1 ha), 32 small (1-2 ha) and 21 mediums (2-4 ha & above). The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of
pre-structured schedule. The period of enquiry pertains to agricultural year 2017-18. Tabular analysis of data was applied for arriving the
results. Objective of this investigation is to analyze various costs and returns in the study area. Per hectare cost of cultivation shows positive
relation with size of holding, as it was highest of Rs. 53783.24 on medium farms followed by small and marginal farms. It is evident from the
table that cost of cultivation and size of farms reflects direct relationship. Overall average, cost of production was observed Rs 1186.68. Per
hectare gross income was maximum was maximum on medium farms (Rs65590.07) followed by marginal and small farms, respectively.
Overall average, gross income war found Rs66381.73 in the study area. However, other income measures like net income, farm business
income, family labour income and farm investment income were also following the same trend. On the basis of Cost-3, Input-output ratio
was highest on marginal farms (1:1.25) followed by small farms (1:1.23) and medium farms (1:1.20). Input output ratio reflects direct
relationship with size group of farms in the study area.
Keywords: Input-Output Ratio, Farm investment income, Proportionate Random Sampling
GNRSA-2020/858
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF FARM STRUCTURE, CROPPING PATTERN AND CROPPING INTENSITY OF BLACK GRAM
SAMPLE FARMS IN ETAWAH DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH
VIKAS SINGH SENGAR1, KK SINGH2 ,ASHISH SRIVASTAVA3 , NAVEEN KUMAR4 AND BAIJNATH CHAUDHARY5
1., 3. & 5.Ph.D. Research Scholar, Deptt. of Agril. Eco., ANDUA&T Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P.
4. Assistant Professor of Agril. Statistics, BU, Jhansi, U.P.
Black gram is one of the important pulse crops grown throughout India. Black gram contains about 24 per cent protein, 60 per cent
carbohydrates, 1.3 percent fat, and is the richest among the various pulses in phosphoric acid, being 5 to 10 times richer than in other. Black
gram (V. mungo) is one of the important pulse crops in India which plays an important role in supplementing the income of small and
marginal farmers. Keeping in view the importance of the black gram a study on “An Economic study of farm structure, cropping pattern and
cropping intensity of black gram sample farms in Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh” was specifically carried out. District Etawah was
purposively selected and one block, namely Bharthana having highest acreage under black gram selected purposively for the study, a separate
list of all villages of selected block was prepared along with acreage under black gram cultivation, 5 villages were selected randomly for
study. Finally 100 respondents were selected following proportionate random sampling. These selected respondents divided into three
category according to land holding, 47 marginal (below 1 ha), 32 small (1-2 ha) and 21 medium (2-4 ha & above). The data were collected
by personal interview method with the help of pre-structured schedule. The period of enquiry pertains to agricultural year 2017-18. The
average size of holding of marginal, small, and medium, farms were found 0.60, 1.57, and 3.30 hectares, respectively with an overall average
size of land holding obtained as 1.39 hectare. Overall per farm investment was observed Rs. 301053.88 and per hectare investment Rs.
241013.04 in the study area. Per farm investment inversely related with the farm size while per hectare investment positively related with the
farm size. Paddy, wheat, and green gram were the major crops of kharif, rabi and zaid season, respectively. The overall average cropping
intensity on sample farms observed 221.62 per cent. Cropping intensity was found highest on marginal farms 235.80 per cent followed by
small 216.27 per cent and medium 198.05 per cent, respectively. Cropping intensity was inversely related with farm size. Investment per
farm and per hectare on building and livestock were inversely related with farm size.
Keywords: farm structure, cropping pattern, cropping intensity, farm investment and per hectare investment
GNRSA-2020/859
PRICE SPREAD OF GREEN GRAM IN KANPUR DEHAT DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH.
VIKAS SINGH SENGAR1, ASHISH SRIVASTAVA2 ,KK SINGH3 AND NAVEEN KUMAR4, BAIJNATHNCHAUDHARY5
1.&2..5. Ph.D. Research Scholar, Deptt. of Agril. Eco., ANDUA&T Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P.
4. Assistant Professor Deptt. Of Agril. Statistics BU, Jhansi, U.P.
Green gram (Vigna radiata L) belongs to the family Leguminosae. Green gram is the third important pulse crop of India grown in nearly 8
per cent of the total pulse area of the country. Pulses play an important role in providing a nutritionally balanced diet. These are the principal
source of protein for vegetarians. Pulses are the second main source of protein after cereals in Indian diet. India is the largest producer,
consumer and importer of pulses. Basically, the total pulses area occupied 26.28 million hectares which contributed production 18.10MT
during 2010-11. Present study was conducted in Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar Pradesh state in Northern India in the year 2017-18. Data
were collected through personal interview method. The study is based on 100 sample farms of different categories viz. marginal (40), small
(35) and medium (25). Multistage stratified proportionate random sampling was applied for selection of respondents. Primary information
was collected through personal interview method through pre-tested questionnaires. Price spread of green gram was studied under these
identified three marketing channels. Simple tabular analysis was applied for arriving results regarding various aspects of marketing. 95.8 %
of producer`s share in consumer`s rupee was gained by respondents in channel -1 followed by 91.5% and 85.54% share by marketing through
channel-2 and channel-3, respectively in the study area. It can be concluded that there is indirect relationship between producer`s share and
number of intermediaries. In the study area, marketing cost attributes 4.19%, 9.41% and 16.46% of consumer`s rupee in the study area. It is
suggested that by developing proper marketing infrastructure facilities marketing charges can be minimized up to appropriate extent for
benefiting the green gram growers of Kanpur Dehat district of U P. This study is helpful for making our P M`s dream of doubling farmers
income by year 2022. One and half time of cost of production announcing MSP of various important crops will certainly helpful to the
farmers for uplifting their income from farming business.
Keywords:Price Spread, producer’s share in consumer rupees, marketing cost, marketing charges.
GNRSA-2020/860
ROLE PERFORMANCE OF PARA- VETERINARIANS IN IN DELIVERY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SERVICES: AN
EXPLORATORY STUDY IN FOUR STATES OF INDIA
VIKASH KUMAR AND H. R. MEENA

ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
The livestock health sector is being looked after by trained professionals, namely veterinarians and paravets. The present study envisages to
delineate role performance, of paravets towards services rendered at farmer’s doorstep. Four states namely, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Haryana
and Uttar Pradesh were purposively selected for the study. Based on random sampling, stakeholder such as 160 paravets, 60 veterinarians and
160 dairy farmers were surveyed. Role performance of paravets were found better for productive services, followed by preventive services,
curative and diagnostic services and least for extension and outreach roles under miscellaneous services. Among productive services,
majority of farmers perceived that paravets were above average performer for doorstep insemination of cattle and buffalo and pregnancy
diagnosis. More than 50.00 percent farmers rated poor performance regarding advice given to farmers in order to control and reduce disease
incidence by overcoming nutrition deficiency and feeding of animals. While for distribution of fodder seeds and various fodders available
with the department, more than 90.00 percent farmers rated the performance as very poor. Among preventive services rendered by paravets,
farmers perceived that paravets were above average performers followed by excellence in vaccination and deworming. They were moderate
in following hygiene and vaccine handling protocols. However, they were perceived as moderate to poor by majority of farmers in
identifying animal disease on basis of common clinical signs leading to early diagnosis and helpful in control of disease from
spreading.Paravets were good in interpersonal and cultural adaptivity proficiency, followed by individual task proficiency and individual
problem solving adaptivity. Individual task proactivity and management domain proficiency need further improvement. Extent of proficiency
was low in fodder enrichment with silage and ration formulation (89.37%), latest trends in animal breeding, feeding and reproductive
management (85.00%) and rise in production due to mineral mixture and concentrate feeding (73.13%). Farmers were having moderate level
of satisfaction towards para- veterinary services. Para- veterinary services were most proficient in Hisar district, followed by Jaipur and
Ahmadnagar district, and least proficient in Mathura district.
GNRSA-2020/861
EFFECT OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION ON WATER TABLE DECLINATION RATE IN INTENSIVE RICE-WHEAT
CROPPING SYSTEM IN HARYANA
1*
VIVEKANAND, 1SATYENDRA KUMAR, 1BHASKAR NARJARY, 1SURAJ GOSWAMI, 1PAVAN KUMAR AND 2NEHA
1
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-CSSRI Karnal,
2
Reseacrh Scholar at CCSHAU Hisar
The water table of Karnal district of Haryana is declining at an alarming rate with about 25-70cm per year since the last decade. A huge
proportion of groundwater consumption has been accounted to the agriculture sector. In which, rice-wheat cropping system has been
observed as a major groundwater consumer. Keeping in view this issue, a study conducted to see the positive effect of replacing some rice
area with maize crop on the existing groundwater table declining rate in the region. For this purpose, a crop model “AQUACROP” has been
calibrated and validated with observed filed data for grain yield and return flow for rice, wheat, and maize crops. Output parameters of the
crop model i.e. return flow and irrigation were used in the groundwater flow model (Modflow) to examine the effect of numerous proportions
of replacement of rice area by maize on groundwater table. The result shows that replacing 15 %, 30% & 50% tube well-irrigated area of rice
with maize crop, reduction in groundwater table, 0.92m,0.80m, and 0.63m, respectively, observed in comparison to the prevailing cropping
system. Thus, it can be said that the crop diversification option will help in arresting the current groundwater table declining rate in the study
region.
Keywords: Water table, Crop diversification, AQUACROP and Modflow
GNRSA-2020/862
PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)
VARIETIES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS.
VYANKATESH BAGUL AND R. S. SENGAR

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.)
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered as an important cash crop of the world and also known as apple of soil. It provides food for
millions of people across the globe with being the 4 th largest produced crop. Drought is one of the major stress factors affecting the growth
and development of potato plants. The experiment was performed on 5 Indian potato varieties and supplemented them to a drought treatment
of 15 days by water withholding at tuber initiation stage. The experiment was conducted in CRD pattern using experimental pots at the rain
out shelter of Department of Agriculture Biotechnology. Various physio-biochemical parameters regarding drought stress responses of plant
were selected, measured and compared within the varieties after the drought stress period was completed. Also, seven drought related gene
specific marker were synthesized using bioinformatics tools and were used for molecular characterization of potato varieties.The study
suggests that, drought has negatively impacted on all the varieties used in the experiments regardless of their stress response nature. The
impact of drought stress varied among the plant varieties, where K. Thar-1, a drought tolerant variety under drought stress was found
significantly superior over K. Pukhraj, K. Bahar, K. Chipsona-1 and K. Chipsona-1 in the physio-biochemical parameters namely no. of
compound leaves per plant (10.3), no. of tubers per plant (18.67), weight of tubers per plant (238.89gm), top biomass weight per plant
(336.83gm), root biomass weight (20.7gm), average stolon length (10.8cm), chlorophyll content(31.80), leaf area index (1.52), relative water
content (56.45%), sucrose content (381.49mg), reducing sugar content (73.87mg), proline content (28.83µmols), catalase activity (24.57U),
peroxidase activity (61.45∆A/min) and abscisic acid content (256.49pmol). Molecular characterization of these selected potato varieties gave
three polymorphic bands and seven monomorphic bands at an average pf 1.43 bands per primer. The dendrogram using bioinformatics tools
explains inter-varietal hierarchical relationship.
GNRSA-2020/863
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDES IN REDUCING COMBINED INCIDENCE OF EARLY LEAF SPOT,
LATE LEAF SPOT AND RUST DISEASES OF GROUNDNUT
VYAVHARE Y. V1*,KHAIRE P. B1 MANE S. S1 AND JOSHI M. S2.

1 Ph. D Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapith, Rahuri-413705, District: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra,
2 Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415712, District: Ratnagiri (M. S)
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a significant crop of oilseeds suffering from many diseases, including early and late leaf spot and leaf
rust, the most commonly distributed and economically significant foliar diseases of groundnut that cause severe crop damage. To find out the
most effective fungicide for management, a field trial with six fungicides was performed. In present study it was revealed that all the triazole
fungicides significantly reduced leaf spots and rust and increased pod and haulm yield. However, the per cent disease reduction over control
varied with fungicides. Hexaconazole + zineb (0.1%), tebuconazole (0.3%) and tebuconazole (0.15%) significantly reduced early as well as
late leaf spot when compared with other fungicidal treatments. Hexaconazole + zineb (0.1%) sprayed plots had minimum disease severity,
remained green due to higher chlorophyll content and took 10 days more for harvest which was observed as an additional effect on crop. The
efficacy of hexaconazole + zineb (0.1%) treatment was at par with tebuconazole (0.3%) treatment.
Keywords-Trizole fungicides, early leaf spot, late leaf spot, rust disease, groundnut
GNRSA-2020/864
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON FOLIAR DISEASES OF GROUNDNUT IN KONKAN REGION
VYAVHARE Y. V1*, MANE S. S1,KHAIRE P. B1 AND JOSHI M. S2.

1 Ph. D Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapith, Rahuri-413705, District: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra,
2 Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415712, District: Ratnagiri (M. S),
Groundnut (Arachis hypogia L.) is the thirteenth most important crop plant grown for food in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones
of the world. It is extensively grown in India. A foliar disease of groundnut is one of the important factors limiting groundnut productivity in
India. In the course of Kharif, 2010, early leaf spot progress was highly influenced by average temperature and crop age and, for late-leaf
growth, maximum and crop age were very advantageous for epidemiologic studies on the early, late spot and rust disease with respect to
weather parameters. Moreover, the evaporation rate and crop age played a predominant role in rust development in groundnut under Dapoli
conditions.The correlation studies between pod yield with early, late leaf spots and rust diseases showed that pod yield is positively
correlated with the haulm yield, whereas negatively correlated with early leaf spot, late leaf spot, and rust diseases indicating that these
diseases collectively influence the yield and hence timely control of these diseases is essential.
Keywords-Epidemiological studies, foliar diseases, groundnut, konkan region.
GNRSA-2020/865
BIOPRIMING OF PEA SEEDS WITH NATIVE TRICHODERMA SPECIES FOR ENHANCED SEEDLING VIGOUR
W. TAMPAKLEIMA CHANU*, BIRESWAR SINHA, KOTA CHAKRAPANI, K. SARDA DEVI, H. CHANDRAJINI DEVI, TUSI
CHAKMA AND BIJEETA THANGJAM
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004
Seed bio-priming is an emerging trend of a seed treatment that combines the beneficial micro-organisms and marked to improve quality of
seed, seedling vigour, productivity and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. It is also an ecological management strategy to control
many seed and soil-borne pathogens which provide an alternative to chemical treatment. The current study was carried out to evaluate the
effect of seed biopriming using eight native Trichoderma isolates viz., NCIPMCAU-96, NCIPMCAU-123, NCIPMCAU-118, NCIPMCAU-
109, NCIPMCAU-131, NCIPMCAU-7, NCIPMCAU-69 and NCIPMCAU-18 in pea. The seeds of pea variety (Rachna) were primed in
Trichoderma isolates and as a control treatment seeds without priming were used. Results exhibited that seed priming by Trichoderma
species considerably enhanced the germination of seed and its seedling vigour against the control. Among the different treatments tested,
isolate NCIPMCAU-69 showed the maximum root length (5.63 cm), shoot length (0.85 cm), and vigour index (648.00). In untreated control,
the root length, shoot length, and vigour index are 1.94 cm, 0.35 cm, and 152.67, respectively. The lowest per cent germination of 66.67%
was observed in NCIPMCAU-7 and control.
Keywords: Biopriming, Pea, Root, Shoot, Trichoderma.
GNRSA-2020/866
SCOPE AND CHALLENGES OF AGRI-TOURISM CENTERS IN KONKAN REGION OF MAHARASHTRA STATE
WANOLE, S. N1., KADAM, J. R2. AND SAWANT, P. A3.
1. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415712. Dist. Ratnagiri. (M.S.)
2. Associate Professor, Department of Extension Education, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415712. Dist. Ratnagiri. (M.S.)
3. Head and Professor, Department of Extension Education, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415712. Dist. Ratnagiri. (M.S.)
Agro-tourism is helpful to the both farmers and urban peoples. It has provided an additional income source to the farmers and
employment opportunity to the family members and rural youth. But, there are some problems in the process of the development of such
centers. Hence, the government and other related authorities should try to support these activities in Maharashtra for the rural development
and increase income level of the farmers. The purpose of the study was to examine the challenges faced by the agri-tourism centers in
Konkan region. It was observed that, Konkan division is the second-largest division of Maharashtra with 33 agri-tourism centers which was
successfully established agri-tourism centers, maximum (42.50 per cent) agri-tourism enterprises were established during 2011-2015, 35.00
per cent of the respondents were registered with the Maharashtra State Agri & Rural Tourism Co-operative Federation LTD (MART), lack of
training for agri-tourism (65.00 per cent), weak communication skills (70.00 per cent), lack of co-ordination between agriculture and tourism
department (100.00 per cent), low awareness in farmers as well as in tourists regarding agri-tourism (90.00 per cent), low level of
entrepreneurial culture (80.00 per cent) and lack of co-operation in rural people (75.00 per cent), A descriptive research methodology was
utilized, it included two types of data collection methods - primary and secondary data; primary tools of data collection were the
questionnaire and observation. Secondary tools of data collection were journal papers, articles, websites, etc. The survey was conducted
among 40 operational agri-tourism centers in the Konkan region of Maharashtra state.
Keywords: Agri-tourism Center, Challenges, Konkan, Historical and Perspective
GNRSA-2020/867
EXPORT AND IMPORT SCENARIO OF HORTICULTURE PRODUCE IN INDIA
Y. MOUNIKA1 AND M. LAKSHMI NAGA NANDINI2

1
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of PSMA, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh, India- 534 101.
2
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta, Andhra Pradesh, India- 516 105.
The increasing demand for Indian Horticulture produce, fresh and processed products in the International market, the export of horticultural
crops at all India level has picked up. As India stands second in production of both fruits and vegetables, spices and few plantation crops such
as tea and coffee fetching more export value in the International market. The horticultural exports in India have increased after the
implementation of NHM scheme. Horticulture production in India has crossed the production of agriculture crops and reached a highest
production of 320.48 million tonnes during 2019-20. Due to higher production of onion, potato, okra, peas, and tomato, the total output is
estimated to be 191.77 million tonnes as compared to 183.17 million tonnes in 2018-19. India is exporting horticultural crops mainly to
U.A.E., Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Kuwait. The two major countries that import most of India’s horticultural crops are UAE and
Saudi Arabia. The number of commodities as well as the number of varieties produced and traded have increased manifold during the past 25
years. There is an overall increase in the demand for fruits and vegetables for consumption both in fresh and processed form. In Andhra
Pradesh state is one among the major states in involved in production and export of horticulture produce in India. The growing demand for
horticultural crops such as Chillies, Cocoa, Lime, Oil Palm, Papaya and Tomato, 2 nd in Cashew, Mango and Sweet Orange and processed
products has increased in International market. The processed products like pickles, chutney, raisin, have more demand in the international
market. This trend has been increased specially after the implementation of NHM scheme.
Keywords: Export, import, NHM, processed products, international market.
GNRSA-2020/868
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS IN AJOWAN
(TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI L. SPRAGUE)
1
YARRAMREDDY RAJASEKHARA REDDY* AND 2DR.G.RAMANANDAM
1
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Plantation Crops and Processing, UBKV, West Bengal
2
Principal Scientist and Head, HRS, Kovvur, Andhra Pradesh
Ajowan or Bishop’s weed (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague) is an annual herb; it belongs to the family Apiaceae. It is an important seed
spice grown in rainfed vertisols of Andhra Pradesh during rabi season for grain purpose. The crop has to survive with residual soil moisture
content throughout the cropping period and generally it experiences the terminal moisture stress and results in poor yield was the major
constraint for ajowan production in Andhra Pradesh. Plant hormones (PGRs) have great potential in increasing the production of horticultural
crops by eliminating the many barriers executed either through genetical means or through environmental factors. Plant hormones play a vital
role in mitigating the stress and increased the flower bud initiation. Exogenous application of PGRs has been reported to improve the growth
and yield in various crops. In our experiment, impact of plant growth regulators viz. NAA- 50 ppm & 100 ppm, GA3 -50 & 100 ppm,
thiourea- 250 & 500 ppm, 28-homobrassinolide- 0.1 & 0.2 ppm, triacontanol - 2.5 & 5.0 ppm was observed and compared with control
(water spray). All the treatments were imposed at 30 and 45 DAT as foliar spray. Days to 50% flowering (46 d) and days to harvest (100.20
d) were found earlier in ajowan with the foliar applications of triacontanol @ 5 ppm (T 7). The same treatment had recorded the maximum
number of umbellate umbel-1 (14.20). Foliar applications of thiourea @ 250 ppm (T 5) had recorded the maximum values with respect to yield,
yield attributing characters viz. number of umbels plant-1(228.70), number of umbellate umbel-1 (13.60), number of seeds umbellate-1(13.50),
number of seeds umbel-1 (183.60), test weight of seed (1.56 g), seed yield plant-1 (28.50 g), seed yield plot-1 (1425 g), seed yield hectare-1
(1583.33 kg), harvest index (69.71%); and quality parameters viz. essential oil (3.64%) and protein contents (19.26 mg 100 g -1) in ajowan
seeds.
Keywords: Growth regulators, Test weight, Essential oil, Protein content and Ajowa
GNRSA-2020/869
EFFECT OF WEATHER PARAMETERS IN LIGHT TRAP CATCHES ON INSECT PESTS OF RICE
YOGENDRA KUMAR MISHRA AND AMIT KUMAR SHARMA

Department of Entomology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Light trap is an important tool for minimizing the insect pests damage without any toxic hazards (Sharma et. al., 2004). Light trap is also
useful to know the effect the weather factors on species abundance Jonason et al (2014b). Therefore, the present research work on Effect of
weather parameters in light trap catches on insect pests of rice. The activity period of Leptocorisa acuta (Thunberg) and Nephotettix
virescens (Distant) were observed from August to December with distinct peaks during 38 st& 42th SW and 34th, 38th& 42nd SW respectively.
The activity period of Mythimna separata (Walker) was observed from September to December with higher numbers during 43 th SW. The
activity period of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guene) was observed from September to October with one distinct peak during 41st SW.
Various weather parameters did not show any significant effect on insectcatches.
Keywords: Rice, insect pests and light trap
GNRSA-2020/870
GENETIC ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVES IN AGRICULTURE
YOGENDRA SINGH
Department of Plant Breeding& Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Genetic engineering, also called recombinant DNA technology, involves the group of techniques used to cut up and join together genetic
material, especially DNA from different biological species, and to introduce the resulting hybrid DNA into an organism in order to form new
combinations of heritable genetic material. The term ‘genetic engineering’ stands for human alteration of the genetic code of an organism, so
that its biosynthetic properties are changed. The major applications are for the industrial production of desired peptides or proteins, or to alter
the biological capabilities of the organism. These techniques have been used to develop crops with agronomically useful changes, such as
pest resistance and ripening properties that allow for shipment. Genetic engineering a technology which is transforming our world,
Agricultural crops that are genetically improved via recombinant DNA technology. Biotech crops were commercialized in 1996 and widely
planted, currently, ‘biotech crops’ cover 189 million ha, i.e. 11% of the entire managed crop land globally. There are some issues related to
biosafety and IPR in transgenic crops which should be addressed by experts so the real benefits of this can reach to common people.
Keywords: Genetic Engineering, recombinant DNA technology, IPR, Biosafety, Transgenic
GNRSA-2020/871
BAMBOO FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
YOGESH KUMAR1, MANOJKUMAR S.1, DR. V.M. PRAJAPATI1, DR. L.K. BEHERA1, SHEFA MAHROZE2
1
Dept. of Silviculture and Agroforestry, ACHF, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat and 2Dept. of Agri-Business Management,
National Institute of Agricultural Marketing, Jaipur Rajasthan
Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants with the ability to survive in a variety of climatic conditions and edaphic conditions. It usually
forms floors below the natural forests. There are 124 indigenous and exotic species, under the age of 23, found naturally and / or under
cultivation (Naithani, 1993). Bamboo occurs on the ground floor or in pure form in all other parts, except the Kashmir Valley. Bamboo is still
widely distributed in India. The bamboo-based agricultural sector can play an important role in productivity development, sustainability and
resource conservation. Many useful bamboo varieties can take the same natural environment as trees and are suitable for cultivation. Bamboo
has many advantages over trees such as, a relatively short period of time from planting to harvesting more material than most species of trees
have the ability to provide building materials and edible products for many years or even decades. Bamboo is planted in a spacing ranging
from 4 m x 4 m (with small bamboo) to 9 m × 9 m (in large varieties). Interspace is used to grow annual plants. It is well documented that
bamboo and tree species are increasingly competing with age and, thus, gradually yield yields are reduced (Behari, 2001; Shanmughavel and
Francis, 2001; Ahlawat, 2014). Under the agrisilviculture program, soybeans, niger, mustard, wheat, urd and arhar and other intercrops are
important in the early stages. Growing shade-tolerant plants such as pineapple, ginger, turmeric, shade-tolerant sweet potato, cinnamon, etc.
In the case of bamboo clumps technically it is possible and economically viable (Banik, 1997).
GNRSA-2020/872
IMPACT OF LAND CAPABILITY CLASSES AND LAND USE ON PROPERTIES AND ERODIBILITY BEHAVIOUR OF SOIL
0F GHATAMPUR WATERSHED
YOGESH KUMAR
Department of Soil Conservation, Janta Mahavidhyalya Ajitmal Auraiya 206121
The study was carried out in Ghatampur Watershed district Kanpur under National Watershed Development Project Area . The soils of
Ghatampur watershed region are erodible in nature. Soil erodibility increased from land use capability class II to VI in the project area .
Fallow land is most erodible followed by Rangeland, woodlots, cultivated land while orchard & grooves lands are lest erodible on the basis
of water stable aggregates, dispersion and erosion ratio as principal indices of erodibility, soil under various land use capability classes may
be arranged in the order of class VI > class V > class III > class II . The erodibility of soil under different present land use was found in the
order Fallow land > Rangeland > Wood lots > Cultivated land > Orchard & grooves land, Erosion ratio was significantly and negatively
correlated with clay (r = -0.920***) moisture equivalent ( r= -0.669) , water holding capacity (r=-0.685**), water stable aggregate ( r=-
0.834***) , organic carban (r=-0.780***) and clay/moisture equivalent ratio (r=- 0.660***) but a positive correlation was recorded with
sand (r-0.777***), Bulk density ( r=0.709**), easily dispersible silt+clay (r= 0.888***) , PH (r=0.698***), E.C.( r=0.591) , clay ratio
(r=0.745***),dispersion ratio (r= 0.908***), Erosion index (r=0.432**),the correlation between erosion ratio and silt ( r=-0.432**) was
recorded to be negative but significant. Among various land use capability classes, soil erodibility decreased substantially with increasing
clay content but increased with increasing advancing capability class and fallow land use. Soil of Ghatampur watershed area in erodible
nature and require warrant and prompt attention for implementing intensive soil conservation measures in the entire watershed in order to
subside the havoc of soil erosion within safe limits because adapted soil conservation measure are variably effective to control the erosion.
Keywords : Erodibility indices, Aggregation indices, PH. E.C, Correlation indices, Land Use Capability Classes
GNRSA-2020/873
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE THYROID GLAND IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF BAKERWALI GOAT (Capra
hircus)
YOUSUF DAR*1 AND SHALINI SURI2

Department of Veterinary Anatomy,
Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-J, R.S. Pura, Jammu-181 102, J&K
1
Assistant professor, department of veterinary anatomy, COVAS, SVPUAT, meerut-250110
2
Professor and Head, division of veterinary anatomy and histology, FVSc&AH, SKUAST-jammu,181102
The present study was conducted on the 36 samples of thyroid gland divided into three groups based on the age of animals and irrespective of
sex viz.- Prepubertal ( below 1 year), Pubertal ( 2-3 years) and Senile ( above 5 years of age) containing 12 animals in each group. The
thyroid follicular cells showed weak positive reaction for carbohydrates with Periodic Acid Schiff whereas colloid exhibited intense reaction
for PAS in Bakerwali goat. The colloid was stained intensely in prepubertal group, strongly in pubertal and moderately in senile age groups.
The parafollicular cells exhibited moderate PAS reactivity in prepubertal and pubertal group and weak in the senile age group. The colloid
showed strong reaction for glycogen in prepubertal group and moderate reaction in pubertal and senile group. The follicular cells and
connective tissue stained weakly for glycogen. The follicular cells and colloid showed mild staining reaction for acidic mucopolysachrides.
The follicular cells showed mild positive reaction for proteins whereas the colloid showed strong reaction for proteins. The colloid stained
intensely for proteins in prepubertal and pubertal group and moderately in senile age group.
Key Words:Thyroid gland, Bakerwali Goat, Follicle, Colloid
GNRSA-2020/874
GROSS ANATOMICAL STUDY OF FEMUR OF TURKEY (Meleagris gallopavo)
YOUSUF DAR1*, PRASHANT M GEDAM2, PRABHAKAR KUMAR3 AND ADITYA KUMAR4

Department ofVeterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
, Sardar Vallabbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP), INDIA
1
Assistant professor, department of veterinary anatomy, COVAS, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110
2
Associate professor, department of veterinary anatomy, COVAS, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110
3
Associate professor, department of veterinary anatomy, COVAS, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110
4
Assistant professor, department of veterinary anatomy, COVAS, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110
The present study was conducted to understand the gross morphology of the femur of turkey. The bone was directed downwards and
forwards with relatively long size. The shaft was extensive and strongly curved and consisted of four surfaces. The anterior, medial and
lateral surfaces were continuous and rounded. The trochanteric fossa and third trochanter were absent. The proximal extremity comprised of
head, trochanter major and trochanter minor. The head was slightly below the level of trochanter major. The head was smaller than
acetabulam. The fovea capitis was in the form of small notch on the upper side of the head. The trochanter major presented a summit with its
lateral surface was flat. The trochanter minor was in the form of a ridge. A supracondyloid fossa was present above the condyles. The medial
condyle was raised above the lateral one. The intercondyloid fossa was also present
Keywords: femur, trochanter, head, turkey, fossa
GNRSA-2020/875
IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE SOIL HEALTH
YUMNAM SANATOMBI DEVI1* AND SAPAM RAJESHKUMAR SINGH2

1
Department of Agronomy, COA, CAU, Imphal
2
College of Horticulture, CAU (I), Bermiok, Sikkim
The National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) recommended a holistic approach involving integrated nutrient management
(INM), integrated pest management (IPM) for enhances input use efficiency and adoption of region specific promising cropping systems as
an alternative organic farming strategy for India and to begin with the practice of organic farming. Organic Agriculture is a production
system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystem and people. A major challenge today is certainly its entry into the policy making arena, its
entry into anonymous global market and the transformation of organic products into commodities. During the last two decades, there has also
been a significant sensitization of the global community towards environmental preservation and assuring of food quality. In particular,
organic agriculture is intended to producehigh quality, nutritious food that contributes to preventive health care and well-being. Chemical
fertilizer has helped to harvest more production in one hand, while degradation of agricultural lands, deterioration of the quality of
agricultural produce and disturbances in soil health are serious constraints in other hand. Chemical fertilizers alone are unable to maintain the
long term soil health and sustain crop productivity as they are unable to supply all the essential nutrients, particularly the trace elements as
the chemical fertilizers loss due to leaching, immobilization. Under such circumstances development of organic farming are appears to be
one of the possible alternatives of farming system to maintain soil health with quality production of sustainable basis. Inputs such as
compost, manure, organic mulching materials and organic and natural mineral fertilizers play a supplementary role, and can enhance soil
health outcomes of crop rotation and cover cropping. A diverse mix of organic inputs that include both high and low C:N materials can be
especially effective in building SOM and enhancing N use efficiency. Organic farming improved organic matter content and labile status of
nutrient and also soil physiochemical properties. Organic fertility amendments enhanced beneficial soil microorganisms, reduced pathogen
population, total carbon and cation exchange capacity and lowered down bulk densities, thus improved soil quality.The organic nutrient
management has been considered as one of the best options for protecting and sustaining soil health and productivity and is gaining lots of
present day agriculture. Significant improvement in soil physiochemical and biological properties have been reported in several organic
farming experiment. In view of this it should avoid the use of fertilizers, pesticides, animal drugs and food additives that may have adverse
health effects.
Keywords: Organic agriculture, chemical fertilizer, sustainability.
GNRSA-2020/876
IMPACT OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE IN DISTRICT SAMBA of J&K
ABHAY KUMAR SINHA, VINOD GUPTA, SHUSHIL SHARMA, SANJAY KHAR, NEERJA SHARMA AND SAURAV
GUPTA
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu.
Transplanting after repeated puddling is the conventional method of rice (Oryza sati va) growing which is not only intensive
water user but also cumbersome and laborious. Different problems like lowering water table, scarcity of labour during peak
periods, deteriorating soil health demands some alternative establishment method to sustain p roductivity of rice as well as
natural resources. Direct seeding is becoming an important alternative of rice transplanting. A field study was conducted dur ing
Kharif season of 2018, 2019 and 2020, to evaluate DSR with an objective to improve farm producti vity and efficiency in Samba
district,Jammu. Tillage and crop establishment methods had a significant effect on rice yields. Yield of TPR was significantl y
higher (2.46 percent) than DSR. Labour and cost saving of 18.45 and 15.56 percent were observed in D SR as compared to TPR.
It was revealed that the use of machine labour and irrigation water were saved by 37.88 and 13.77 percent respectively in dir ect
seeded rice as compared to the TPR method of rice production. The B:C ratio was higher in DSR (2.44) as compared to TPR
(1.95). The study showed that the TPR could be replaced with DSR to save labour and water.
Key words: Direct seeded rice, Transplanted rice Tractor, Water use efficiency, Yield, Benefit cost ratio
GNRSA-2020/877
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN (PENAEUS VANNAMEI) SHRIMP FARMINGNAGAPATTINAM
REGION OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA
AKALESH PATEL1, ROBINSON JEYA SHAKILA1, GEEVARETNAM JEYASEKARAN2 AND NEERAJ PATHAK1,
1
Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, TNJFU, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu,
2
Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, 611002
Shrimp aquaculture, especially Penaeus vannamei farming in India is reporting a favorable growth rate for the past decade, and millions of
people have depended on this sector. The present study was conducted at P. vannamei cultured ponds water and creeks that used source water
for shrimp culture located at various coastal districts Nagapattinam region of Tamil Nadu India, where P. vannamei farming was practicing at
a commercial level in semi-intensive systems of aquaculture. The aim of the study was to establish the beneficiary role played by the water
quality parameters in P. vannamei culture as well as the environment. The study was conducted during the period of April to July 2019 in
shrimp farms that are one culture cycle and December 2018 to April 2019 in creeks. A total of six shrimp farms and twenty-three creeks
were selected, and sampling was done monthly, and analysis was carried as per the procedures of APHA. Physical and chemical parameters
(pH, salinity, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) and biological parameters (Total bacteria load) were analyzed.The results showed that the shrimp
farms the overall pH ranged from 7.2 to 8.6, salinity 13 to 45 ppt, ammonia 0 to 0.3 ppm, nitrite 0 to 0.5 ppm, and nitrate 0 to 20 ppm were
found high when compared to the recommended optimum level and were also observed high bacterial load in one of the shrimp farms that is
the possibility to grow the pathogenic bacteria’s. As compare to the creeks, overall pH ranged from 7.4 to 9, salinity, 2 to 44 ppt, ammonia, 0
to 0.2 ppm, nitrite and nitrate 0 to 2 ppm, and 0 to 5 ppm. The maximum higher range was found in the month of April and May. The creeks
of Thopputhurai, Karuvelankadai, Periyathumbur, Velankanni, Vellapallam, Tranquebar, Kattur South, and Mahendrapalli showed greater
variation in water quality parameters every month. These creeks have also shown a high incidence (60%) of bacterial load during the
sampling periods. The maintenance of optimal water quality parameters could be attributed to the implementation of Better Management
Practices (BMP’s) on suggested by MPEDA, Govt. of India. The study concludes that the maintenance of optimal water quality parameters in
all the P. vannamei culture systems help shrimp aquaculture's environmentally friendly practices in the Nagapattinam region, Tamil Nadu,
India.
Keywords. Shrimp farming, Penaeus vannamei, Water quality, Creeks
GNRSA-2020/878
EFFECT OF SEASONS ON FRUIT YIELD, MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES IN SELECTED CULTIVARS OF
BRINJAL UNDER JAMMU CONDITIONS (J&K)
ANIL BHUSHAN, R K SAMNOTRA, SANJEEV KUMAR, SANDEEP CHOPRA, SATESH KUMAR AND MANOJ KUMAR
Division of Vegetable Science & Floriculture
FoA, Main Campus Chatha, SKUAST-Jammu
The present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Division of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, FoA, Chatha,
SKUAST-Jammu during three sowing seasons viz., autumn-winter, spring-summer and rainy seasons for two years during 2014 to 2016 to
identify the resistant types as well as most suitable season of growing brinjal crop in Jammu region. A total of fifteen open pollinated brinjal
cultivars namely, Punjab Sadabahar, Arka Shirish, Arka Kusumkar, Arka Keshav, Arka Nidhi, Arka Neelkanth, Pusa Shyamala, Pusa Kranti,
Pusa Ankur, Pusa Uttam, PPL, PPR, PPC, BR-14 and Puneri Kateri collected from different parts of the country were screened under the
present study. The results revealed Pusa Kranti and Pusa Ankur recorded significantly highest fruit yield per plant (1.77 and 1.73 kg,
respectively) followed by Punjab Sadabahar (1.36 kg) and Pusa Uttam (1.34 kg). Significantly minimum shoot borer and fruit borer incidence
was recorded in three cultivars viz., Arka nidhi, Pusa Uttam and BR-14 whereas minimum spider mite infestation was observed four cultivars
viz., Arka Neelkanth, Arka Nidhi, Punjab Sadabahar and Arka Keshav which was significantly lower than all other cultivars. Among all the
three growing seasons, autumn-winter recorded overall minimum phomopsis incidence followed by spring-summer whereas rainy season
recorded maximum disease incidence. Similarly, autumn-winter recorded overall minimum little leaf incidence (3.06%) followed by rainy
season (7.97%) whereas spring-summer recorded maximum disease incidence (14.95%).
Keywords: Brinjal, Fruit yield, shoot & Fruit borer, spider mite, phomopsis blight, little leaf
GNRSA-2020/879
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS AND PSB LEVELS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUMMER LATE
GREENGRAM (VIGNA RADIATE L.)
ANIL KUMAR, B.MEHERA, YOGESH KUMAR AGARWAL

College of Forestry, SHUATS
The experiment comprised of eleven treatments viz. T1: Control, T2: 15 kg P2O5ha-1, T3: 30 kg P2O5ha-1, T4: 45 kg P2O5ha-1, T5: 60 kg P2O5ha-
1
, T6: 75 kg P2O5ha-1, T7: 15 kg P2O5ha-1 + PSB, T8: 30 kg P2O5ha-1+ PSB, T9: 45 kg P2O5ha-1 + PSB, T10: 60 kg P2O5ha-1 + PSB, T11: 75 kg
P2O5ha-1+PSB tested in Randomized Block Design and replicate three times. The basic information on the physico-chemical properties of the
soil indicated that the soil of the experimental field was classified as salty loam which was low in organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus
and medium in potassium. The crop recorded normal recommended cultural practices and plant protection measures. Results revealed that all
the growth, yield attributes and quality increased significantly under the integrated treatment (75 kg P2O5ha-1 + PSB). The growth characters
viz., plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and number of branches plant -1 and yield attributes like number of pod plant -1,
number of grain pod1, 1000-seed weight (g), biological yield, seed yield, straw yield (q ha-1), harvest index (%).
Keywords: Moong Bean, Phosphorus, PSB, Growth Yield, Dry matter, Grain pod, Straw Yield
GNRSA-2020/880
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PATHOGENS
ANKIT KUMAR AND NITIN KUMAR*
Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Entomology * Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-
250110, U.P., India
Biological control has become an attractive alternative strategy for the control of plant diseases to reduce the excessive use of agrochemicals
and its health hazards. There are various naturally occurring soil microbes that aggressively attack on plant pathogens and benefit plants by
disease suppression and hence referred to as biocontrol agents. Besides this, biocontrol agents also help in controlling insect pests and weeds.
Among the variety of biological control agents available for use, screening of potent biocontrol agents is necessary for their further
development and commercialization. Biocontrol agents comprise of multiple beneficial characters such as rhizosphere competence,
antagonistic potential, and ability to produce antibiotics, lytic enzymes and toxins. These biological control activities are exerted either
directly through antagonism of soil-borne pathogens or indirectly by eliciting a plant-mediated resistance response. The mechanisms of
biocontrol involve antibiosis, parasitism, competition for nutrients and space, cell wall degradation by lytic enzymes and induced disease
resistance. A major difficulty faced while translating the efficacious biocontrol agents into merchandise was that the efficacy of the developed
strains was largely unstable under diverse environmental conditions in which the finished product of organismal origin was to tread before
reaching the farmer's field. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the nature of genes encoding various observable biocontrol mechanisms of
action and their putative role at molecular level is still elusive. A detailed characterization of gene(s) encoding biocontrol properties of a
given biocontrol agent with respect to individual mechanism of action is a sine qua non for further improvement of biocontrol agents with a
view to getting the most out of the individual biocontrol agent. With the advent of molecular biology, several approaches have been made
towards achieving the following goals: i) Identification and characterization of genes encoding the specific biocontrol property against a
given pathogen and ii) Designer biocontrol strains with potential genes responsible for superior biocontrol properties.
GNRSA-2020/881
ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY TO THE FARMERS DURING COVID-19
ANKITA PANDEY1, LAXMI1, AKANCHHA PANDEY2, K.S. BHARGAV1, MAHENDER SINGH1
1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dewas, M.P, 2KVK, Bankhedi, M.P
Social media playing role in transfer of technology to the farmers during covid-19 as a upmost level. During the covid-19 agriculture activity
played most important role in the livelihood security of the population. During this pandemic time the most of the sector facing crisis in
economy, during pandemic agriculture sector has risen to become a hope to raise economy of country. Agriculture is a leading sector to raise
economy. During pandemic social media plays very important role to reach up to level of farmers field through extension worker involved in
the agriculture and allied sector. The quick remedial measures taken by at the level of farmers field by farmers due to reach of social media
technology like whatsapp, youtuber and other out reach of social media.
Key Words: Social Media, Whatsapp, Agriculture, Covid-19.
GNRSA-2020/882
STUDIES ON DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BAEL FRUIT PULP
ANKITA SHARMA1 AND P S CHAMPAWAT1

CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, India
Bael or Aegle marmelos is a spiritual, religious and medicinal plant. The pulp of the bael fruit contains many functional and bioactive
compounds such as carotenoids, phenolics, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, terpenoids and other antioxidants which may protect against
chronic diseases. Bael is also effective against cancer, cardiovascular diseases and ulcer. Drying is the process of removal of most of the
moisture present in the food. The removal of moisture from the food materials prevents the growth and reproduction of spoilage
microorganisms, slows down the action of enzymes and minimizes many of the physical and chemical reactions. Therefore the present
research work was undertaken to studies on drying characteristics of bael fruit pulp. Bael fruit was procured from nearest local market and
decayed fruits were discarded. The pulp of bael fruit was extracted. The crude mass, containing seed, pulp and fibre was added with water
having equal quantity, mixed and heated for 1 min at 80°C. pH was maintained with the help of citric acid solution. The mixture was passed
through 20 mesh sieves to separate out the seeds to obtain pulp for drying purpose. Bael fruit pulp weighing 200 g were dried in tray dryer at
three drying temperatures viz. 55, 60 and 65°C and four thickness of pulp on the tray (2, 4, 6 and 8mm). All the data were statistically
analyzed. Drying took place in falling rate period and constant rate period was absent in drying experiments. Moisture diffusivity varied in
the range of 1.21 ×10-9 to 5.84×10-8. Water activity of bael fruit pulp powder was found in the range of 0.299 to 0.460. Ascorbic acid was
found maximum at minimum temperature and maximum thickness (12.3 mg/ 100g). Bael fruit powder dried at 60ºC with 2mm layer
thickness, shown higher colour value b* (39.5) and it was extremely liked by panelist than the other sample.
GNRSA-2020/883
ZINC NUTRITION IN PLANT
*ANURAG KUMAR SINGH, TARENCE THOMAS AND MANJUL KUMAR

Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj –
211007, Utter Pradesh, India
Zinc is important for the growth and development in animals, human beings, and plants it is vital to the crop Nutrition as needed in various
metabolic processes, enzymatic reactions, and oxidation reduction reactions. Zn is also essential for many enzymes which are needed for
Nitrogen metabolism, energy transfer and protein synthesis. Zinc deficiency not only slow down the growth and yield of plants, but it also has
effects on human beings. More than 3 billion people worldwide are suffering from Fe and Zn deficiencies, and this condition is mainly
widespread in areas where population is severely dependent on an unvaried diet of cereal based foods, in which Fe and Zn are stored almost
entirely in the husk, and are therefore lost during milling and polishing. Plant enzymes initiated by Zn are involved in carbohydrate
metabolism, conservation of the reliability of cellular membranes, protein synthesis, and regulation of auxin synthesis and pollen formation.
The regulation and maintenance of the gene expression required for the tolerance of environmental pressures in plants are Zn dependent. Zinc
deficiency symptoms results in the development of abnormalities in plants which become visible as deficiency symptoms such as stunted
growth, chlorosis and smaller leaves, spikelet sterility.
GNRSA-2020/884
EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS AND ECONOMICS OF GRAPES
CV. SAHEBI
AROOSA KHALIL*, M.K. SHARMA, NOWSHEEN NAZIR, AMIT KUMAR, S.A. BANDAY, A.R. MALIK, SHAILA DIN AND
RAFIYA MUSHTAQ
Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar 190025, J and K
The experiment was conducted in model grapevine orchard of department of Horticulture at Kralbagh, Tehsil Lar, Ganderbal on 23-year old
vines trained on bower system so as to assess the effect of macro and micro-nutrients on various berry related parameters and also on the
benefit : cost ratio of grapes cv. Sahebi. The vines were planted at a distance of 14ft x15ft. The treatment consisted of 3-levels of fertilizer
doses (F1=FYM 50 kg/vine + Recommended dose of NPK: 555, 227, 470g/vine, F 2=FYM 50 kg/vine+ 2 times recommended dose of NPK:
1110, 454, 940g/vine, F3=FYM 50 kg/vine+ 3 times recommended dose of NPK: 1665, 681, 1410g/vine) and their combinations replicated
thrice with a double plot size in a completely randomized block design. Results revealed that fertilizer level, F2 (FYM-50 kg/vine + 2 times
recommended dose-NPK: 1110, 454, 940 g/vine) recorded highest number of bunches, juice content, TSS/acid ratio and benefit- cost ratio
during both the years. Maximum number of bunches, juice content, TSS/acid ratio, ascorbic acid and benefit- cost ratio was observed in
micronutrient M1(Solubar-0.1%) during the two years. Maximum number of bunches and TSS/acid ratio were recorded in the interaction
M1F2 during both the years. Main effect of fertilizers showed no significant effect on ascorbic acid whereas micronutrients exerted a
significant influence on ascorbic acid during the two years. Highest value of ascorbic acid was recorded in vines treated with micronutrient,
M3. The highest ascorbic acid was recorded in M 3F3 combination in both the years.Fertilizer dose at moderate level, F2 resulted in maximum
benefit cost ratio and fertilizer dose at highest level, F3 resulted in minimum benefit cost ratio during the two years respectively. The
interaction effect of micronutrient and fertilizer dose (M 1F2) had shown highest benefit cost ratio of in two years respectively. However the
main effect as well as interaction effect of fertilizer dose and micronutrients had no significant influence on berry L/D ratio and also on
number of seeds/berry.
Keywords: Nutrient, seed number, ascorbic acid and B:C ratio
GNRSA-2020/885
CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE
ASHA NAMA
Assistant Professor, CPU, Kota
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale, with the adverse effects of climate
change affecting agriculture both directly and indirectly. This can take place through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and
climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-
level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods, and changes in sea level. Climate change is already affecting
agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate changes will most likely affect crop production in low
latitude countries negatively, while effects in northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Animal husbandry also contributes towards
climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture contributes towards climate change through anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions and by the conversion of non-agricultural land such as forests into agricultural land in 2010, agriculture, forestry and land-use
change were estimated to contribute 20–25% of global annual emissions. In 2020, the European Union's Scientific Advice
Mechanism estimated that the food system as a whole contributed 37% of total greenhouse gas emissions, and that this figure was on course
to increase by 30–40% by 2050 due to population growth and dietary change.
GNRSA-2020/886
SCALE FOR MEASURING ATTITUDE OF FARMERS TOWARDS ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES
ASHISH SHIGWAN, JAGDISH KADAM & SANTOSH MESRE

Assistant Professor, Department of Extension Education Dr.BSKKV Dapoli
Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415712 (Maharashtra)
Attitude influences many aspects of life in general. Attitude can be either positive or negative. Attitude plays a key role in determining
behavioural actions. Organic farming practices significantly enhance the sustainability of the environment, farms and livelihood of the
farmers but certain constrains diminishedthe adoption of sustainable organic agricultural practices.There is little study available on attitude of
farmers towards organic farming. Keeping all this in view it was felt that a standardized scale is developed to measure the attitude of farmers
towards organic farming practices.The term attitude may be defined as degree of positive or negative affect associated with some
psychological objects. A standard and reliable scale was developed to measure this variable. After careful scanning of literature and
consultation with experts, extension functionaries and progressive organic farmers, a list of practices which were essential for achieving
efficient results was prepared. By these process 141 statements was prepared. On scrutiny it was found that a good number of statement were
overlapping in one way or other following the informal criteria suggested by Edwards (1957) the items were edited. After rigorous culling, 71
items were retained.From the data so gathered, relevancy percentage, relevancy weightage and mean relevancy score were worked out for all
the 71 items individually.Using these three criteria, the items were screened for their relevancy. Accordingly, items having relevancy
percentage of more than 70, relevancy weightage of more than 0.69 and mean relevancy score of more than 2 were considered for final
selection. Thus finally 12 statements were selected. Scale was found to be reliable and valid the developed scale will serve as a scientific tool
for the measurement of attitude of the farmers towards organic farming practices in Konkan region.
Key words: Scale, attitude and organic farming.
GNRSA-2020/887
STUDY OF PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF HOMEMADE KARONDA (CARISSA CONGESTA L.)PICKLE
WITH GREEN CHILLIES AND GARLIC
ASHWINI UIKEY, PRIYANKA GURJAR AND DR. R.S. GURJAR

Research Scholar Dept. of Horticulture (Fruit Science), College of Agriculture,
RVSKVV- Gwalior (M.P) and
ZARS, Morena RVSKVV- Gwalior (M.P),
Karonda is a berry fruit that is said to have originated in the Himalayas and is found across north India and many other places across the
globe. It is basically a tropical fruit. A sour and acidic fruit with no sweetness. It is full of calcium, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Iron and other
nutrients and is used as blood sugar stabilizer and for many other ailments. It freezes well and can also be kept in the fridge for at least a
week.The recipe for Karonda pickle includes fresh green chillies and garlic pods, both ingredients are full of health benefits and enhance the
taste of the pickle. Two karonda types i.e. pink and green for making pickle and qualitative changes taking place during storage period of four
months. The results showed that pH, T.S.S./acid ratio, ascorbic acid, non-reducing sugars, organoleptic values decreased whereas acidity,
reducing sugar and browning increased during storage. The TSS and total sugars decreased in pickles prepared from pink and green type and
observed that pickles prepared from pink type of karonda was of good quality as compared to sweet pickle. The physicochemical changes in
karonda (Carissa carandas) pickle during storage were found to be organoleptically acceptable for a period of 3 months. After that, the pickle
started changing to brownish colour at ambient temperature. The total soluble solid, acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, browning, flavour,
texture, taste and after taste increased with storage period while ascorbic acid, non-reducing sugar, colour and appearance and overall
acceptability decreased at ambient temperature.
KEYWORDS : karonda, ailments, organoleptic, pickle, storage
GNRSA-2020/888
EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF ORANGES FROM INDIAN
ASMITA G. KADU1, PARESH P. BAVISKAR2, UTKARSHA P. GAWARE 3 AND KRUTIKA D. PARVEKAR4

1
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, Dr. PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra (India)
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, VNMKV, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar (India)
The study explores the export performance of oranges from India to different countries during the period 2008-09 to 2017-18 (10 years). The
objective of the study was to estimate the growth rates, instability and index number (trend) of export quantity and export value of major
importing countries of oranges from India. The secondary time series data for last 10 years was collected from Agri-stat India and analysed
by using the statistical tools like CGR, CV, CDVI and Index number in order to complete the objectives of the study. The study shows that,
the export quantity and export value of oranges has shown positive growth trend for almost all countries except Bangladesh, UK and
Singapore which showed negative growth trend in export quantity. The instability in export quantity and export value of orange was observed
in almost all countries. The highest variability was recorded in Baharain. While in case of CDVI, UK was found to have highest variability in
export value. The trend analysis with the help of index number showed fluctuations in export quantity and export value throughout the study
period which may be due to changing policies and its execution at different periods of time. Therefore, the study concludes that orange have
better export potential in future. Hence, there is need to evolve policies directing higher production of oranges and formulate alternative
management strategies and policies to boost orange export in India.
GNRSA-2020/889
FLUORIDES EFFECT ON GERMINATION AND THE EXPRESSION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES OF WHEAT CROPS
BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL, JYOTI CHAUHAN, VIJAI PANDURANGAM, J P SRIVASATVA

Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, INDIA.
Fluoride (F) is widely found in the atmosphere and is a non-metal element characterized by the highest electronegativity in the halogen group,
making it one of the most active elements. The issue of environmental contamination with fluoride compounds has been found and is
primarily linked to industrial activity, the manufacture of synthetic fertilizers (superphosphates) and the release into the atmosphere of
fluoride compounds in the form of aluminum dust and gas. In plants, prolonged exposure to F contributes to physiological, biochemical, and
molecular changes. F is known to interfere with overall plant responses, including seed germination, growth and productivity, biomass
accumulation, photosynthesis, enzyme activities, protein synthesis, gene expression patterns, and development of reactive oxygen species
(ROS), as a possible metabolic inhibitor. It has also been shown that the functionalities of different antioxidants that lead to oxidative stress
within plants have been changed. F-is also one of the key oxidants leading to oxidative changes in plant cells. It can increase the ROS content
and inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes. A few attempts have been made to reduce the adverse effects of F on plants and their response
to productivity. The modulation of cellular thiol molecules for protection against ROS-induced injury was considered to be one of the
successful strategies against F toxicity. In addition, proline aggregation and exogenous salicylic acid supplementation have been shown to be
potential measures to protect plants from F-toxicosis.
Keywords: Fluoride, germination, antioxidant enzymes
GNRSA-2020/890
EFFECT OF VARIOUS DRYING METHODS ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ELAEOCARPUS GANITRUS LEAVES
BEENA AND AMAR P. GARG

School of Biological Engineering and Life Sciences, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University),
Modipuram, Meerut (UP) India, 250110
Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb is an evergreen broad leaves tree. It is belonging to Elaeocarpaceae family and found in Himalaya range in India
and Nepal. Fruits and leaves are known for various medicinal properties and used in traditional medication system for the treatment of
diseases. In this study, antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of leaves of Elaeocarpusganitrus was tested against
food born bacteria. In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar for bacterial culture.
The extract showed maximum relative percentage inhibition against food born bacteria. The results indicate the potential use of E. ganitrus
leaves for the developments of antimicrobial compound.
GNRSA-2020/891
ROLE OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM IN BIO WASTE MANAGEMENT
BHABANI PRASAD MONDAL1*, RABI N. SAHOO1, BHARPOOR S SEKHON2, SANDEEP SHARMA2, SONIA DEVI1 AND
RANU BHARDWAJ1
1
Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
2
Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
In this 21st century, every country produces a huge amount of bio wastes or organic wastes due to improvement in production systems. These
wastes should be treated properly and quickly for their effective management purposes. In order to enhance the degradation rate of bio
wastes, inoculation of microbial consortium consisting of various microbial species to those bio wastes is essential. These microbial species
especially bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes are very much effective in eliminating the harmful pathogens and accelerating the decomposition
process and thus enhancing the efficacy of bio waste treatments. The composting mediated by microbial communities has gained significant
popularity in bio waste management. Cellulolytic microorganisms can expedite the rate of decomposition of organic wastes, especially the
lignocellulosic components of organic wastes.Molecular techniques like PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel
electrophoresis), microarray analysis can be employed to find dominant microbial species significantly enhancing the rate of composting.The
inoculation of composite microorganisms increases the degree of polycondensation, aromatization and humification of waste products as
determined by spectroscopic techniques.The inoculation of thermophilic fungal consortium (Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger and
Aspergillus flavus) with weekly turning frequency could effectively degrade the organic fractions of municipal solid wastes.The cellulolytic
bacterial consortium also plays vital role in promoting faster decomposition of organic wastes through reducing the C:N ratio of the used
substrates.Therefore, the consortium of microorganisms can effectively accelerate the rate of degradation of different types of organic wastes
and turn them into useful end products. These end products are very much useful not only in suppression of soil borne disease but also in
enhancing the crop growth and productivity through improving soil fertility and microbial activity.
GNRSA-2020/892
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN AONLA (EMBLICA OFFCINALISGAERTN) CV. FRANCIS
BHANU PRATAP AND SNEHA SINGH

Department Of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture & Forestry
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kumarganj, Ayodhya- 224229 (U.P.) India
The present investigation entitled: “Integrated nutrient management in Aonla (Emblica offcinalisGaertn)” cv. Francis was carried out at Main
Experiment Station, Horticulture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during the
year 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid out 13 treatments T 1 : 100 % RDF (1:0.5:1: N: P: K + 10kg FYM plant ̄ ˡ ), T2: 75 % RDF
+ 10kg Vermicompost, T3: 75 % RDF + 10kg Vermicompost+ 250g Azotobacter+ 250g PSB, T4 : 75 % RDF + 20kg Vermicompost , T5
: 75% RDF + 20kg Vermicompost + 250g Azotobacter + 250g PSB, T6: 75% RDF + 30kg Vermicompost, T7 : 75% RDF +
30 kg Vermicompost+ 250g Azotobacter+ 250g PSB, T8: 50 % RDF + 10kg Vermicompost, T9: 50 % RDF + 10kg Vermicompost + 250g
Azotobacter+ 250 g PSB, T10: 50 % RDF + 20kg Vermicompost, T11 : 50 % RDF + 20kg Vermicompost+ 250g Azotobacter+ 250g PSB, T12:
50% RDF + 30kg Vermicompost, T13 : 50% RDF+ 30 kg Vermicompost+ 250g Azotobacter+ 250g PSB, experiment was laid out in
Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. It is concluded that among the different treatments T 7- (75% RDF + 30 kg Vermicompost+
250g Azotobacter+ 250g PSB) recorded maximum vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of aonla which was at par with T 6 (75% RDF +
30kg Vermicompost) and showed better response ascompare to other treatment. Cost benefit ratio of aonla was also found best (1: 4.05 and 1:
4.35) T7 (75% RDF + 30 kg Vermicompost+ 250g Azotobacter + 250g PSB).
GNRSA-2020/893
APPROACHES OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT
BHUPENDRA SINGH*1, ELLURU SIREESHA2 AND REETESH PRATAP SINGH3

1&3
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) 250110
2
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, (U.K.) 263124
Biological control is the use of non-chemical and environmentally friendly methods of controlling insect pests by the action of natural control
agents. In recent decades, the increase use of biological control is due to its safety, species specific and long-term action on the target pests.
Unlike chemical method, which kills non target species, cause detrimental health effects to human beings and pollute environment. In recent
decades, elevated awareness of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and human health have resulted in efforts to reduce reliance
on chemical controls. Thus the biologically based technologies such as biological control could be more widely used to solve pressing needs
in pest management. The use of natural enemies to reduce the impacts of pests has a long history. Predators and parasitoids have been
employed in the management of insect pests for centuries. There are 3 general approaches of biological control viz., importation,
augmentation and conservation of natural enemies which are widely accepted. Typical example is the use of Trichogramma Wasp to control
various lepidopterous pests that attack cultivated plants in a great variety of Agro-ecosystems, such as corn, sugarcane, rice and vegetables at
pre-damage stage. Unfortunately, farmers do not generally use biocontrol products due to lack of rapid and adequate control and effect of
insecticide drift from neighboring fields on the control agents. Farmers should also be motivated to use this form of biological control to
reduce environmental impacts of pesticide use.
GNRSA-2020/894
TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF WATER USING HYDRUS-2D UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE BASED
SUB-SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATED RICE
BISWAJIT RANA1,C. M. PARIHAR1, K. PATRA1, H. S. NAYAK1, M. L. JAT2, H. S. SIDHU3, N. GUPTA3 AND V. K. SINGH1
1
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi-110012, India
2
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT-India), New Delhi-110012, India
3
Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), CIMMYT, Ladhowal, Punjab, 141004, India
Over-exploitation of ground aquifer, increasing irrigation water demand due to burgeoning population, urbanization and industrialization in
India has put forth a big question mark for the cultivation of traditional water guzzling puddled transplanted rice (PTR). Moreover, the
overwhelming situation of water shrinkage and limitless exploitation of natural resources demands optimization of water-nitrogen (N)
applications for water guzzling rice crop to increase water and nitrogen use efficiency without any yield compensation in rice-based cropping
system belts. So, a field study was conducted for detail accounting of water budgeting using HYDRUS-2D model under CA+ (conservation
agriculture+sub-surface drip irrigation), CA alone and PTR-based systems of rice. The treatments under CA+ systems are zero-till direct
seeded rice (ZTDSR) + sub-surface drip irrigation: without N, 100% of recommended dose of N; CA treatments are ZTDSR + flood
irrigation: without N, 100% of recommended dose of N; PTR + flood irrigation system with 120 kg N/ha. The simulation period was of 80
days ranging 35 to 114 days after sowing. Changes in soil properties due to CA altered the crop growth behavior, whereas N management
altered the peak growth rate more and gave more advantage to plants under CA+ systems. During the simulation period, PTR plots of rice
consumed 16.5% and 47% higher water (irrigation+rainfall) than ZT-N100 and SSD-N100, respectively.Water productivity increased by 1.74
times by shifting from conventional system to CA+ system and that to 1.65 times from CA system alone due to rationalization of applied
water and curtailing the unproductive water loss components like evaporation and drainage. Therefore, the findings of present study suggest
that CA+ system can be a trade off against yield reduction and shrinking water resources, can provide sustainability to rice-based production
system.
GNRSA-2020/895
EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS SOURCES AND LIMING ON UPLAND RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH IN NEH
REGION
BISWORANJITA BISWAL1* AND SAMARTH LAL MEENA2

1
Department of Agronomy, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
2
Department of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
(Latitude 25°41' N; longitude 91°55' E; 950 m ASL; humid-sub tropical climate) during Kharif season of 2017 to study the effect of nutrient
sources and liming on upland rice productivity and to evaluate the influence of nutrient sources on soil chemical and biological properties
under humid sub-tropical conditions of Meghalaya, India. The experiment was comprised of 5 nutrient sources, viz. 100% of recommended
dose of N (RDN), 100% of recommended dose of N applied through farm yard manure (FYM), 50% of RDN applied through FYM + 50% of
RDN applied through vermicompost (VC), 50% of RDN applied through FYM + 50% of RDN applied through poultry manure (PM) and
50% of RDN applied through FYM + 50% of RDN applied through pig manure (SM) along with control laid out under Factor A, while 2
levels of lime viz. without and with 400kg/ha under Factor B of factorial randomized block design (replicated thrice). The soil of the
experimental site was red lateritic type and was acidic in reaction (pH 4.8) with Oxidizable-soil organic carbon (SOC) 1.62 %, available-N
256 kg/ha, available-P 6.3 kg/ha, and available-K 354 kg/ha. The results showed that in terms of growth parameters such as plant height, dry
matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, liming had no significant effect but FYM + SM and Inorganic
treatment proved to be the superior nutrient source and gave better performance followed by FYM + PM treatment, followed by FYM + VC
followed by FYM. Similarly, higher numbers of panicles/m 2, higher filled grains per panicle, higher spikelet fertility (%) and higher grain
(4.58 t/ha) and straw yield (7.79 t/ha) were achieved in limed treatment under FYM + SM and inorganic treatment. Treatments grown under
organic manure treatments had few chaffy grains, less breakage and more head rice recover percentage. Significantly higher gross return (₹
85,635/ha) and net returns (₹ 61,586/ha) were apprehended with the inorganic treatment while gross return (₹ 86,570) and net return (₹
48,879) were realized with FYM + SM in the first season of study. Liming also rewarded a higher gross (₹ 82,785) as well as net return (₹
46,201). Production efficiency (33.9 kg/ha/day) and monetary efficiency (₹ 456/ha/day) were considerably higher under FYM + VC and
inorganic treatment respectively. Available NPK and Fe, Mn and Zn in soil were found maximum under FYM + SM, closely followed by
FYM + PM, FYM + VC, FYM and least in inorganic. Other soil health parameters such as soil microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase
activity acid phosphatase activity, urease activity and FDA enzyme activity were also considerably higher under organic treatments. Liming
in many cases did not have significant effect. A slight increase in soil pH was observed under organically managed as well as limed plots. To
sum up, liming under FYM + SM nutrient management practice proved to be the best performer in terms of growth, productivity, resource
use efficiency effect on soil chemical and biological properties. However, economics under FYM + SM was low over inorganic but in future
this practice may out yield inorganic treatment while preserving the ecological biodiversity of north eastern Himalayas.
Key words: Organic manure, lime, pig manure, production efficiency, microbial enzymes
GNRSA-2020/896
STUDY THE EFFECT OF BA INDUCED DROUGHT TOLERANCE ON MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN
BARLEY GENOTYPES
CHANDA KUMARI LAKHRAN, BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL, SUNITA GUPTA, B L AKRALIYA

Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, India,
Department of plant physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi -221005
The study was conducted in the laboratory and cage house at Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture Jobner during
rabi season of 2018-2019 under under laboratory and pot culture experiments. Two barley cultivars namely RD-2052 (drought tolerant) and
RD-2426 (Drought susceptible) were raised in cemented pots. Different concentrations of benzyladenine (0, 50, 100, 150 ppm) in the pot
experiment plants were sprayed up to 150 ppm at 50 and 75 days after sowing. Control plants were provided normal water whenever needed.
Different biochemical observations were recommended at 50 and 75 days after sowing in pot conditions. Spray treatment with benzyladenine
up to 150 ppm significantly increased chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ content, carotenoid content, Relative water content, membrane stability index,
proline content, total soluble sugar in pot condition in both the cultivars at 50 and 75 days after sowing under water stress as well as non-
stress water conditions. Number of effective tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per
spike, grain yield per plant biological yield per plant harvest index and test weight were significantly increased with treatment of
benzyladenine upto 150 ppm of benzyladenine was found most effective under water stress and non-water stress conditions.
Keywords: Drought tolerant, susceptible, benzyladenine, Barley
GNRSA-2020/897
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGUS-GROWING ANT IN CONTROLLING THE GARDEN PARASITES
CHUNNI KUMARI1AND SHAH NIVEDITA2

1
IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh- 492012, India
2
JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh- 482004, India
Social insects have a high risk of parasitism due to the high density and genetic homogeneity of individuals in colonies, thus they have
developed a range of defensive mechanisms. Fungus-growing ants provide their fungal cultivar with substrate for growth and, in return, the
fungus serves as the ants' main food source (Weber 1972). The obligate nature of this symbiosis requires the ants to protect both themselves
and their fungal mutualist from parasites. The healthy fungus garden is constantly threatened by microbes inhabiting the soil and substrates
collected to manure the cultivar. To separate new gardens from soil, queens use hygienic strategies during nest construction (Fernandez-
Marin et al. 2004). The fungus garden is also threatened by parasitic fungi in the genus Escovopsis (Ascomycota, Hypocreales), infections of
which can be lethal if not controlled properly. (Currie et al. 1999a). To defend against Escovopsis infection, fungus-growing ants have a
mutualistic association with filamentous bacteria (Actinomycete) housed on the ants' cuticle that produce antibiotics that specifically
inhibit Escovopsis (Currie et al. 1999b). Actinomycetes in infrabuccal pellets explains the absence of viable Escovopsis and antibiotics
produced by actinomycetes in the infrabuccal pocket kill Escovopsis spores. Fungus-growing ants actively distinguish between viable and
non-viable spores of Escovopsis, suggesting that the ants may recognize a secondary metabolite produced by Escovopsis, perhaps related to
germination.
Keywords: Fungus-growing ants, mutualism, actinomycete, Escovopsis, garden parasite.
GNRSA-2020/898
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF COTTON GINNING UNITS IN SAURASHTRA REGION
DAYA SUVAGIYA* AND K. A. KHUNT**

ASPEE Agribusiness Management Institute
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari
The study has examined economics, economic viability and the resource use efficiency of the ginneries. The study revealed that the difference
in total investment between semi-automized and fully automized ginning units was due to the level of mechanization of units. Fully automized
ginning units required more fund for management of the unit. The annual gross income was found to be Rs.3749.87 lakhs (net income
Rs.2409.50 lakhs) in fully automized ginning units and Rs.3399.03 lakhs (net income Rs.1553.58 lakhs) in semi-automized ginning units.
Under the situation of normal cost and return for all units, the net present value (NPV) was found positive indicating the financial soundness of
the investment in the cotton ginning units. The pay-back period was found about 10 years which seems longer. In the varying situations of costs
and returns, only situation-IV is found little hopeful.
Key words: Cotton Ginning,Cost and returns, financial feasibility,cost and price scenario
GNRSA-2020/899
EFFECT OF TREATED WASTE WATER ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF
CROSSBRED GOAT KIDS
GAURAV KUMAR1, ASHUTOSH2AND SUDHA SAINI3 SMRITI SUKLA4

Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
MVSc Scholar, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
The current study is being carried out to demonstrate the waste water reuse for drinking, cleaning, washing etc. in goat farm and observe their
physiological responses and growth performance.Wastewater samples were collected from inlet and outlet of effluent treatment plant (ETP)
of NDRI, Karnal. The samples were treated with Powdered Aluminium Sulfate (Alum, 1000mg/L), used as coagulant agent. After
coagulation the variable dosages (0.5–2.0 g/L) of powdered activated charcoal were added to the alum treated wastewater sample and stirred
for 20-30 min. The samples were left to settle for 30-40 min before filtration, to separate the sludge and the supernatant. 1% liquid chlorine
was added to alum and Powdered Activated Charcoal (PAC) treated water samples and stirred for 2-5 min. The physiological responses,
health status and growth parameters of the kids (Capra hircus) maintained on purified waste water were compared with those of control
group of kids maintained on fresh water. The study was carried out in the croosbred kids maintained at livestock research center, ICAR-
NDRI, Karnal during January to March 2018-19. The results of the present study confirmed the physio-chemical and microbial properties of
water in accordance with the different standards such as Dairy NRC 2001, EPA 2002 and BIS 1991. The different physiological responses
(Heart rate, Respiration rate and Rectal Temperature) were remain same and growth parameters which included body weight, length, hieght
and hearth girth were non-significant increases.
Keywords:- Treated, waste, water, crossbred kids
GNRSA-2020/900
NITROGEN FIXATION IN CEREALS: PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS
GAURAV SHARMA AND SAWAN KUMAR
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK HPKV, Palampur (HP) India-176062
Nitrogen is the most abundant gas comprising 78% of the total atmosphere.It is component of proteins, nucleic acid, plant growth regulators,
chlorophyll etc. Bioavailable forms of nitrogen are nitrate and ammonium. The process of conversion of nitrogen to a combined form by
prokaryotes is referred as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Cereals require large amount of inorganic fertilizers and have comparatively
low N use efficiencies. BNF can be used to increase crop yield in cereals by inoculating with various strains of bacteria like Azotobacter,
Beijerinckia, Derxia and Clostridium inmany experiments. Moreover, it had been reported that Azotobacter can fix annually approximately
0.26–20 kg N/ha and it may be used in crop production as a substitute for a considerable amount of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. The most
common example exhibiting the associative nitrogen fixation are the species of Azospirillum persisting in nature with a wide diversity of
plants including several non-Poaceae plant species. Various conventional and molecular approaches have been used to increase the efficiency
of BNF in cereals. Two major approaches for engineering nitrogen fixation in cereals are transferring nitrogenase genes into crop plants and
the development of the root nodular symbiosis in cereals. These approaches are important for achieving this target. The two main challenges
are that nitrogenase is oxygen labile and N2 fixation is energetically demanding. Several attempts have been made to introduce the nif genes
to protoplasts of non-leguminous plants. Whole cells of nitrogen fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii can be introduced into fungus
Rhizopogon which is in mycorrhizal association with Pinus radiata. The cowpea strain of Rhizobium produce nodules on roots of non-
leguminous tree Trema aspera but these cannot fix nitrogen due to lack of leghaemoglobin. Indeed, improved understanding could lead to
more sustainable exploitation of the biodiversity of nitrogen-fixing organisms and transfer of endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixation capacities to
major non-legume crops. The task of engineering the non-legumes is a complex method but a concerted effort is required to fill the gaps of
our knowledge.
Keywords: Azotobacter, cereals, endosymbiosis, nitrogen fixation
GNRSA-2020/901
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEED RATE AND FERTILIZER LEVELS ON YIELD OF DUAL PURPOSE WHEAT (TRITICUM
AESTIVUM L.)
HARENDER1*, V.S. HOODA1, KAVITA2, SUNIL1 AND AKSHIT1

1
Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004
2
Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004
The aim of this research was to evaluate dual purpose wheat utilized for fodder and grain yield grown under different seed rate and fertilizer
levels. The study was carried out at Research farm of Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi
season of the year 2017-18 and 2018-19. The field experiment was conducted in split plot design with two wheat cultivars i.e. C 306 and WH
1105 taken in main plot with cut and no-cut management and two seed rates (100 kg & 125 kg/ha) with three fertilizer levels (100%, 115%
and 130% RDF) in sub plot with three replications. It was found from the study that significantly higher no. of total tillers, effective tillers,
spike length and number of grains/spike at harvest was recorded in WH 1105 over C 306. Significant increase in yield attributes was recorded
in both wheat cultivars when fertilizer dose increased from 100% RDF to 130%, being at par with 115% RDF. Due to fodder cut at 60 DAS,
significant reduction in various parameters of both the cultivars was observed but grain yield of C 306 was not much affected significantly
due to fodder cut when supplied with higher fertilizer dose of 115% RDF and 130% RDF even with recommended seed rate. WH 1105 was
not found economical under dual purpose because of heavy growth and yield penalties. Therefore, C 306 may be a good choice for dual
purpose crop which can provide fodder in lean period without affecting its yield if supplied with higher dose of fertilizer.
Keywords:wheat, cultivars (C 306 & WH 1105), fertilizer levels and yield
GNRSA-2020/902
STUDIES ON GERMINATION OF ALBIZIA PROCERA (ROXB.) UNDER NURSERY CONDITION
JAYASHREE BEHERA
This study was undertaken to determine the optimum conditions for the germination of Albizia procera by using five different pre-sowing
treatments, eight different growing mediums, and three different container types. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized
design with three replications. Germination parameters viz., germination percent, imbibition, germination period, germination value,
germination energy, and energy period were influenced by different treatment combinations. Results revealed that best germination period
(6.00 days), germination value (24.74) and energy period (3.00 days) were recorded in T 3C1M6 treatment combination i.e. (seeds soaked in
cow urine for 24 hours, raised in polybags of size 23 cm×13 cm and growing medium consisting of sand + vermicompost (1:1)) whereas,
least germination period (34 days), germination value (4.00) and energy period (24.00 days) was recorded in T5C2M4 treatment combination
i.e. (controlled treatment, raised in root trainer of size 150cc and growing medium consisting of sand + soil + FYM (1:2:1).
Keywords: pre-sowing treatments, container type, growing medium, Albizia procera
GNRSA-2020/903
STUDY OF HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)
JITENDRA KUMAR, POOSHPENDRA SINGH DIXIT AND SAURABH TOMAR*

Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Kalyanpur, Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad
University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during Rabi season of 2019 -2020. Forty genotypes were evaluated for 10 growth and
yield traits which were grouped into five clusters. High heritability observed in all characters viz., number of fruit per plant (99.3), plant height
(98.4), days to flowering (97.5), days to maturity and fruit width are equals (97.1), fruit length (95.7), fruit weight per plant (97.3), number of
locule per fruit (92.6), number of primary branch per plant (92.2) and number of fruit cluster (89.3). Similarly genetic advance at K=2.06
observed high for number of fruit per plant (276.45), plant height (99.51) and days to maturity (30.20), moderate for days to flowering
(17.65); number of primary branch per plant (8.49), number of fruit cluster (3.70), fruit weight per plant (2.51), fruit length (2.32), fruit width
(2.28) and number of locule per fruit (2.20) showed low genetic advance. Genetic advance in per cent of mean was high for number of fruits
per plant (145.46) followed by days to flowering (94.99), fruit weight per plant (92.96) and number of loucle per fruit (92.05). Medium for
fruit width (70.37) followed by fruit length (70.30) and number of primary branch per plant (69.93) and low for plant height (57.13) followed
by number of fruit cluster (51.97) and days to maturity (41.02) which reasonable scrape of improvement of yield for selection.
GNRSA-2020/904
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) FOR GROWTH AND YIELD
CHARACTERS

University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during Rabi season of 2019-20. Forty genotypes were evaluated for 10 growth and yield
traits which were grouped into five clusters. The perusal of the mean performance of genotypes for all the 10 characters under study revealed
wide range of variation among them. Variation within the genotypes was significant for all the characters. However, its magnitude varied
from character to character. The variability was highest for number of fruit per plant, followed by fruit weight per plant (kg), plant height
(cm), days to maturity, days to flowering, number of primary branch per plant, number of fruit cluster per plant, fruit width (cm), fruit length
(cm) and number of locule per fruit. In general the value of genotypic coefficient of variance was lower than the phenotypic coefficient
variance for all the characters. The maximum amount of coefficient of genotypic variance was observed for number of fruit per plant
(34.40%), followed by days to flowering (22.68%), number of locule per fruit (22.58%), fruit weight per plant (22.24%), number of primary
branch per plant (17.14%), fruit length (16.99%), fruit width (16.85%), plant height (13.57%), number of fruit cluster per plant (7.06%) and
days to maturity (9.81%). Maximum difference between PCV and GCV was observed for number of fruit cluster per plant (0.76%) followed
by number of primary branch (0.71%) and fruit length (cm) (0.37%) and minimum difference for rest of the characters showed stability.
GNRSA-2020/905
STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN FORTY GENOTYPES OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)

University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during Rabi season of 2019-20. Forty genotypes were evaluated for 10 growth and yield
traits which were grouped into five clusters. Cluster III and V had maximum (10) genotypes followed by cluster II (9), cluster I (7), cluster IV
(4). Cluster I and cluster IV, exhibited high degree of genetic diversity due to maximum intra cluster distance between them. Its indicating
these genotypes may be utilized under inter varietal hybridization programme (transgressive breeding) for getting high yielding recombinants.
Cluster IV has shown maximum mean for days to flowering, plant height (cm), number of locule, fruit length Therefore, selection of parents
from this cluster for these traits would be effective. Maximum contribution towards genetic divergence was obtained by number of fruit per
plant (62.31 per cent) and plant height (21.67percent).
GNRSA-2020/906
PROTEOMICS: A MODERN TECHNIQUE FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
AMAN SINGH1, JUHI PANDEY1,SUDHANSHU SINGH1

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, A.N.D.U.A.T. Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Proteomics is a smaller amount well developed. Its principle is comparable to the distinction analysis except proteins, instead of mRNAs,
area unit targeted. Curiously, the foremost long mRNAs are secreted proteins whereas the foremost long proteins aren't secreted. Genetics
aims to check differential supermolecule expression and supermolecule interactions. As concerning 10–30% of genes are expressed in cells, a
minimum of 104 proteins are made, providing the chance for a minimum of 1016 protein–protein interactions between simply two expressed
merchandise. Genetics depends heavily on 2D gel electrophoresis and careful analysis of completely different the various spots obtained once
examination different samples. Of course, it's constant difficulties that are for mRNAs—that is, every individual cell generates an enormous
range of various proteins and it's troublesome to induce clear leads to samples aside from with microorganisms. like distinction analysis,
genetics information have faith in refined bioinformatics to get models and to recognise a “cluster” expression pattern.
Keywords: Protein, mRNA, Expression, Genetics,
GNRSA-2020/907
ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PRE-ADOLESCENTS IN KANPUR BY CLINICAL METHOD
JYOTSANA KATIYAR 1*, PRATIBHA ARYA1
Institute of Home Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India.
The study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of 10-12 years of school-going children.Total of 300 pre-adolescence children (150 boys
and 150 girls) were students of the 6th, 7th, 8th class selected from four different schools of Kanpur district, India. In this cross-sectional,
study data was collected duration was 2 years. Children have been clinically evaluated. Clinical assessment of pre-adolescent, 46.0 percent of
boys and 43.3 percent of girls were found to be healthy in a general appearance, whereas, a minimum of 7.4 percent of respondents were ill in
the study area. Eye WAS Normal in boys 146 (48.7%) and girls 144 (48.0%). Normal hair showed in boys 140 (46.7%) and girls 136
(45.3%). Hair was lusterless in boys 8 (2.6%) and girls 12 (4.0%), easily pluckable in boy and girls 2 (0.7%). The tongue was found normal
in boys 140 (46.7%) and girls 136 (45.3%). Pale and raw observed in boys 10 (3.3%) and girls 14 (4.7%). Skin, Gums, teeth showed
almost children have normal. Nails was normal in boys 139 (46.3) and girls 140 (46.7). The nail showed brittle in boys only occurred 3 (1.0),
pale in boys 8 (2.7) and girls 10 (3.3). Result of clinical data analysis was not statically significant at p <0.05 level Clinical approaches to the
assessment of nutritional status include the examination for symptoms of malnutrition at different parts of the body. It was easy to identify
symptoms that was indicating that nutrient deficiency early stage in adolescent and need proper care in diet.
Keywords: nutritional status, clinical assessment, pre-adolescent, nutrient deficiency
GNRSA-2020/908
CONSERVATION FACTOR APPROACH TO ESTIMATION THE DAILY RUNOFF
K. S. BHARGAV1, NISHITH GUPTA 2 MAHENDER SINGH 3 LAXMI 4 AND ANKITA PANDEY5

Scientist , KVK, RVSKVV, Dewas ,(M.P.)
Runoff is the first visible outcome of the interaction between the rainfall and the watershed features. A proper assessment of runoff is crucial
for developing plans for soil and water conservation programs including both engineering and agronomic practices.In this study, daily runoff
estimation model was developed using the concept of Conservation Factor in modeling temporal water yield from different micro watersheds
of Barapani and validated for the different micro watersheds of Burnihat to locate in same agro-ecological region. To develop the daily runoff
estimation models, daily rainfall (R), slope factor(s), and conservation factor (CF) combined in the form of R*s/CF was termed as water yield
producing factor (X). For calculating water yield producing factor (X), the different CF values were used for different AMC status.
Regression relationships were developed for correlating water yield with this factor through exponential and power forms. For each farming
system, it was found that the form of the equation changes with the change in value of CF-II.
Key Words: Daily Runoff, Conservation Factor
GNRSA-2020/909
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION UNDER PROTECTED STRUCTURES
K.S. RAJAWAT, K.D. AMETA, R.A. KAUSHIK AND S.K. SHAKTAWAT

Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur
India is world’s second largest producer of vegetables with an annual production around 175 (Million tonnes ) from 10.3 (Million hectare) of
land. Cultivation of vegetables under protected conditions (poly house and green house) is one of the solutions that could increase the
production as well as productivity of the vegetable crops. There are certain vegetables, which cannot be grown in open field conditions due to
heavy rainfall and low temperature in winters. During this period vegetables can be grown successfully by protecting them from heavy
rainfall and low temperature. In recent years, chemical fertilizers no doubt have played a significant role in providing nutrients for intensive
crop production which heralded green revolution in the country and have changed India from a region of food scarcity to food sufficiency.
But increased use of chemical fertilizers in an unbalanced manner specially in polyhouses has created problem of nutrient deficiencies,
diminishing soil fertility and unsustainable crop yields under protected structures. For suitable yield supply of balanced nutrition to the plant
having the entire essential nutrient element, which would be possible by adopting integrated nutrient management in vegetable production
under protected structures. The use of chemical fertilizers in combinations with organic manures is helpful for improving soil health and
sustaining crop production and soil fertility for protected structure. However, considering the recent concept of eco-friendly production under
green house, the use of cost effective and eco-friendly organic manures and biofertilizers with suitable integration of inorganic fertilizers
restores the soil health while keeping the soil productive and sustainable with quality produce under protected conditions.
Keywords: Protected cultivation, INM, Vegetables
GNRSA-2020/910
CHALLENGES TO THE EVOLVING CROP INSURANCE SCHEMES IN INDIA
KALPANA KUMARI1, UTKARSHA P. GAWARE1, ASMITA G. KADU2 AND KRUTIKA D. PARVEKAR2

1
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, Dr. PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra (India)
Indian agriculture is dependent on vagaries of monsoon. To mitigate risks, farmers diversify crops and enterprises, maintain stabilization
account or resort to the sale of assets. Crop insurance is a complementary institutional mechanism that aids farmers to better cope with such
risks. Government of India has made experiments & efforts by introducing various schemes of crop insurance since 1972 as first crop
insurance scheme on cotton to the currently operative Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). Each Crop Insurance Scheme (CIS) had
its own lacuna that was taken care of in successive Schemes but still the coverage of such scheme is abysmally low for array of reasons
(Aditya et al., 2018). Nevertheless, the probability of adoption of insurance is higher for those who experience higher crop loss and have
some formal training in agriculture. The subsidy on premium also positively influences crop insurance uptake decisions. On the other hand,
the factors like the lower social status, tenant farming and exposure to deficit-rainfall are negatively associated with the decision to insure.
The results on the impact of insurance are not conclusive to prove that insured farmer subsumes higher risks compared to the uninsured
(Haque et al., 2017). In 2016, the NDA government has replaced existing crop insurance schemes with the PMFBY incorporating the best
features of earlier schemes while omitting their shortcomings. Under PMFBY, the overall area insured has increased by a modest 6.5 %, the
number of farmers insured has increased by 20.4 %, the sum insured has increased by 74 %, and premium paid has increased by 398 %
during 2016-17 as compared to that during 2015-16. However, there was sharp fall in enrolment of farmers during 2017-18. The prominent
reasons attributable to this fall in enrolment of farmers are (a) Announcement of farm loan waiver and (b) Introduction of Aadhar seeding in
the loan approval process (Gulati et al., 2018). The study covers a comprehensive account of succession of various crop insurance schemes
in India.
GNRSA-2020/911
ALGAL FLORA OF DIFFERENT AREA OF ALLAHABAD
KIRTI RAJE SINGH

Assistant professor, Department of Botany, C. M. P College Allahabad
The algae are found in a wide range of environmental conditions. They are mostly aquatic but are also found as mixed community .in natural
environmental conditions.The identification of the algae from different areas of Allahabad, mostly belonging to the members of
Chlorophyceae. It is totally dependent on the characteristics of the water at different time intervals. This communication deals with the
presence of algae from river, ponds and puddle of different parts of Allahabad such as Yamuna River, pond of campus of Allahabad
University, pond of campus of C.M.P Degree College, puddles of Bharadwaj park, Khushrobagh, and Company bagh. A total of about 15
algal genera, 8 belonging to Chlorophyceae, 2 belonging to Bacilorophyceae, 5 belonging to Cyanophyceae were recorded. In Campus of
C.M.P Degree college and Company bag the algal genera with Lyngyba sp., Anabaena sp., Navicula sp., and Nitzschia sp. Recorded.It was
observed that the presence of these algae in large amountproved that the water of these sites is polluted, because alga are good indicator of
pollution.While on other sites such as Campus of Allahabad University andYamuma river was found to be less polluted because of the
presence of Oedogonium sp. and Pithophora sp. which are indicators of clean water.
Key Words: Chlorophycean, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae,
GNRSA-2020/912
STUDIES ON RAPID DEGRADATION OF TUBEROSE AND HIPPEASTRUM FLOWER WASTE INTO COMPOST USING
PUSA DECOMPOSER
KRISHAN PAL SINGH AND LIVLEEN SHUKLA*

Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi – 110012
As farming system has undergone a tremendous change, the flower waste generation is also increasing and disposal or alternate use of this
waste has become both economical and ecological urgency. Flower waste contains both macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and
calcium) and micronutrients (iron, Manganese, Zinc, and Copper) which can be utilized for agricultural purposes by converting it into
compost. Microbial inoculums consisting of cellulolytic fungi as an accelerator would help to decompose the flower waste and help the
farmers to overcome this problem. Pusa decomposer was used as microbial inoculum for rapid degradation of mixed flower waste consisting
of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) and Hippeastrum sp. which are the most common bulbous ornamental flowers. The study was conducted in
cemented pits at Division of Microbiology ICAR-IARI, New Delhi to efficiently utilize the mixture of flower waste having cut flowers stems,
leaves and even roots of plants of Polianthes tuberosa and Hippeastrum cv. Surya Kiran along with the application of effective microbial
inoculant (cellulolytic, pectinolytic, lignolytic and thermotolerant) fungal consortium known as Pusa decomposer applied @ 5 litres per ton.
All flower stalks waste along with dried leaves and cow dung mixed in 1:1 ratio and 100 kg total waste was added in the cemented pit. Two
treatments were designed for the preparation of compost from flower stalks viz. mixed flower stalks + mixed dried leaves + Cow dung (1:1:1)
- Untreated and mixed flower stalks + mixed dried leaves + Cow dung (1:1:1) + compost inoculant- Treated. The experiment was conducted
in which we analysed total organi carbon, pH total nitrogen, C:N ratio. The humus was 1.8% in untreated and 3.9% in treated compost
respectively total organic carbon was 18% earlier in flower waste composting which increased by 36.23% during the composting of flower
waste. It was found that the results showed that pH was 7.6 earlier in untreated while in treated it was pH 7.13, total nitrogen 1.5% in
untreated, it was increased to in treated. Earlier in untreated C:N ratio was found to be 21.11 while in treated it was found that 22.94,
respectively. The higher humus content in treated treatment indicates the better quality of compost using compost inoculants. Appropriate
proportion of waste mixture played an important role in providing favourable condition for the microbial transformation of flower waste to
stabilized compost. Finally, flower waste with the combination of cow dung and dry leaves was found m be successful during pit composting.
GNRSA-2020/913
ESTIMATION OF IRON CONTENT OF SOME WILD HARVESTED LEAFY VEGETABLES UNDER TERAI ZONE OF WEST
BENGAL
KSHOUNI DAS1* AND TRISHA SINHA2

1
Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidwalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
2
Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
An experimental study was carried out during November 2019 to February 2020 in two different villages of Cooch Behar district of West
Bengal to determine iron content of six wildly harvested leafy vegetables namely Amaranthus gangeticus (Khuria), Blumea sp. (Babri),
Colocasia sp.(Bonkochu), Solanum nigrum (Tapari), Spilenthes akmella (Asani) and Rumex dentatus (Bon Palang). The experiment was
aimed to accomplish an objective to suggest an alternative source of iron which is an essential mineral for survival of human beings as a main
constituent of oxygen carrier haemoglobin in the blood stream. Other than that iron deficiency anaemia is also a worldwide health problem
especially in women and children. Considering these factors the experimental study was intended. All the leaf samples were freshly collected
followed by oven drying and grinding, therefore dried samples were subjected to triacid (HNO 3: H2SO4: HClO4 :: 9: 4: 1) digestion followed
by filtering through Whatman No. 42 filter paper and volume made-up up to 100 ml and after that the samples were analysed with the help of
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results revealed that the highest amount of iron content (27.60 mg/100g) was estimated in
Amaranthus gangeticus (Khuria) followed by 16.00 mg/100g, 12.30 mg/100g 8.70 mg/100g, 6.20 mg/100g and 4.40 mg/100g in Rumex
dentatus (Bon Palang), Blumea sp. (Babri), Spilenthes akmella (Asani) , Colocasia sp.(Bonkochu) and Solanum nigrum (Tapari) respectively.
Hence, these six wild harvested leafy vegetables especially Amaranthus gangeticus (Khuria), Rumex dentatus (Bon Palang) and Blumea sp.
(Babri) can be recommended in daily diet for supplying sufficient amount of iron content in the human body as well as for alleviation of iron
deficiency anaemia.
Key words: Anaemia, Iron, Deficiency, Leafy vegetables.
GNRSA-2020/914
NUTS & SEEDS: BOOST IMMUNE SYSTEM
LATIKA YADAV1 AND NEELESH KUMAR MAURYA2

1
Lecturer Home Science, AKIC, Saharanpur, U.P, India
2
Research Scholar, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.), India.
All nuts and seeds each have a different composition and are nutrient-dense. These nuts and seeds contain sufficient quantities of proteins,
fibers, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, phytosterols, MUFA (mono unsaturated fatty acids) and PUFA (poly unsaturated fatty acids)
compounds with recognized benefits for human health. The consumption of nuts and seeds shows benefits for health effects, prevention
and/or treatment of risk factors linked to certain chronic diseases, such as glycemic and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
In our cuisine, nuts and seeds are historically used in Indian culture based on their nutritional benefits and their ability to improve our
immune system, which can protect us in turn from ailments and infections. In order to live a healthy life, a good immune system supports us.
A Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a
harm to humanity worldwide today. Building our defense against it is more important. These nuts and seeds should be added to our everyday
diet to improve immunity at a time when the world is reeling under the influence of COVID-19.
GNRSA-2020/915
ECONOMICS OF HIGH VALUED FISH CULTURE PANGASIONODON HYPOPHTHALMUS IN POND FARMING
LAXMI1, V. K. MISRA2, ANKITA PANDEY1, MAHENDER SINGH1, K.S. BHARGAV1

1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dewas, MP
2
Krishi Vigyan Kendra West Kameng, Dirang Arunachal Pradesh
Fish culture is a age old practices or culture now its growing day by day as the new technology and new techniques of farming involved in
fish culture. Aquaculture is a rapidly growing fisheries sector in India with an annual growth rate of over 7%. In India its contributing in the
GDP increasing due to new technological interventions in fish seed production and culture practices. Pangasius is very fast growing fish
species in the pond as well as RAS and Biofloc. Farmers getting good income due to culturing this species as compare to IMC in the system.
Pangasius farming, farmers getting production more than 10 to 12 tons/ha in a year and average weight more than 1 kg in a year. Freshwater
aquaculture contributes over 95% of the total annual aquaculture production of 5.77 million t. Farmers getting two crop in a year by culturing
high valued fishes in the advance system. In pangasius culture water quality should be maintained at highest level to decrease the level of
disease for optimum growth of fish in limited time. The farmers getting highest profit by culturing pangasius fish in the pond.
Key Words: Economics, Pangasius, fast growing species, Water quality.
GNRSA-2020/916
POTENTIALITY OF PERIPHYTON BASED AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY IN WATER REED (SCHOENOPLECTUS
LACTUSTRIS LINN) - FISH ENVIRONMENT IN MANIPUR, INDIA
M. A. SALAM1*, GUNAJIT OINAM1, H. RAMANANDA SINGH1, Y. BEDAJIT SINGH2, SURAJKUMAR IRUNGBAM2

1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, IE, Central Agricultural University (I), Andro-795149, Manipur
2
Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004, Manipur
Periphyton is defined as the entire complex of sessile aquatic biota attached to the substratum including associated detritus and microorganisms.
Kouna (Schoenoplectus lacustris Linn) otherwise known as water reed, plants grow widely in the marshy land, pond, canals, along the river and
lake beaches. It is cylindrical in nature, attains a height of 2.5 m with numerous dark green, soft spongy, glabrous stems arising from an
underground stalk with tough fibrous roots. The experiment was carried out in nine number earthen ponds size of 0.25 ha area in farmers field
of Imphal East District, Manipur under Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Andro, Imphal East, Central Agricultural University, Manipur (India) during the
year 2017. The experiment consists of three treatments: Control (C), control and substrate (CS), and control and substrate with supplementary
feeding (CSF). The study observed that, there were no significant differences in water quality parameters between the different treatment ponds.
The Survival (%) appeared to be independent of the treatments and varied between 65.33-91.98. ANOVA showed a significant (p<0.05)
increase in growth in ponds provided with water reeds.The absolute growth for common carp was observed to be highest among all the
treatments. The mean absolute growth of fish was significantly (p<0.005) higher in treatment having water reed as substrate than without
substrate and highest in the treatment having substrate and feed. The total yield of fish was significantly (p<0.005) higher in substrate based
treatment where highest yield was found in treatment with substrate and supplementary feed. This technology can be practiced in the region
where the cost of feed is a big challenge for aquaculture development
Key words: Potentiality of Periphyton, Water reed, Fish environment, Manipur, India
GNRSA-2020/917
EVALUATION OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS ON SUMMER GREENGRAM IN TRIBAL DISTRICT JHABUA OF
M.P.
MAHENDER SINGH1, I.S.TOMAR2, K. S. BHARGAV1, ANKITA PANDEY3, LAXMI1

1. Scientist, KVK, Dewas, 2. PS&H ,KVK Jhabua, 3. Technical Officer, KVK, Dewas
Jhabua is predominated by tribals with very poor economic condition. Generally farmers are not aware about summer cultivation. Farmers are
growing summer green gram with their local variety without any scientific cultivation practices, which resultant into low income. Looking to
the low profitability during summer season by green gram the current study was carried out by KVK, Jhabua . The KVK Jhabua conducted
100 demonstrations (50 each during summer 2016-17 and 2017-18 ) on summer green gram var. IPM 2-3 across eleven villages of Jhabua
district. The results of demonstrations showed that farmers could increase the Green gram productivity notably by switching over to improved
variety and adoption of improved production technology. From the front line demonstrations, it was observed that the improved Green gram
variety IPM 2-3 recorded the higher yield (823.5 kg/ha) compared to the farmers' practices variety (568.5 kg/ha). The increase in the
demonstration yield over farmer’s practices was 45.23 %. Farmer’s practices were treated as control for comparison with recommended
practices. Average yield of summer green gram under demonstration were higher by 42.46 and 48.10 per cent over farmer own practices. Net
returns and B:C ratio were also reported higher during both the years of study. The study has shown that the FLD programme was found to be
very effective to enhance the productivity and economics of green gram under hills zone of Jhabua district. The increment in yield of green
gram crop under front line demonstrations was due to spreading of improved and latest technology viz. YVM resistance variety, seed
treatment with bio-fertilizers, recommended seed rate, proper dose of fertilizers and plant protection measure
Key words- Green Gram, Demonstration, Economic condition, IPM.
GNRSA-2020/918
EFFECT OF WEED DYNAMICS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TRANSPLANTED RICE OVER SESBANIA BROWN MANURING
MAJHROOL HAK ANSARI1, MERAJ ALAM ANSARI2, RAM ASHISH YADAV3, ABDUL MOIED3
1
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh- 202002
2
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal-795004
3
Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208002
A field experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of planting methods and weed management practices on thermal requirements of weed
dynamics and rice production under irrigated condition in North Central Plain zone of India” during Kharif season 2013 and 2014 at
Students’ Instructional Farm of C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh to assess the effect of planting
methods and weed management practices on weeds growth, crop growth, yield and yield attributes, thermal requirement of crop and
economics. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four planting methods (Transplanted Rice, Transplanted Rice + brown
manuring (Sesbania), Direct Seeded Rice and Direct Seeded Rice + brown manuring (Sesbania) and in main plots and four treatments of
weed management practices (weedy check, Bispyribac sodium 25 g ha -1 + (Chlorimuron + metsulfuron) 4 g ha -1, Bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1
+ (Chlorimuron + metsulfuron) 4 g ha -1 followed by one hand weeding at 45 DAS/DAT and two hand weeding at 20 DAS/DAT and 45
DAS/DAT) in sub-plots with three replication. Transplanted Rice + brown manuring (Sesbania) and two hand weeding at 20 DAS/DAT and
45 DAS/DAT significantly increased the growth and yield attributes and recorded highest grain yield. We have recorded that on an average
8.5 to 13.5%, 9.0 to 14.2%, 8.6 to 13.6%, 8.4 to 12.2% and 9.0 to 14.2% growing degree days (GDD) was higher in 2014 as compared to
2013 at 30,60, 90 DAS and at harvest stages in irrespective of weed species of Echinochloa species, Leptochloa chinensis, C. benghalensis,
Eclipta alba and Cyperus spp. Similarly, the photo thermal unit and photo thermal index were also higher in 2014 as compared to 2013 in
irrespective of weed species, which indicate the phenological stages and suppression of weeds (germination to maturity) is strongly
influenced by temperature. Transplanted rice with brown manuring significantly fetched higher net returns (Rs 52,924 ha-1 followed by Direct
seeded rice (DSR) + brown manuring (Rs 46644 ha -1). Whereas highest B: C ratio (3.5) was found under DSR + brown manuring which was
at par with Transplanted rice with brown manuring (3.3). Two hand weeding at 20 and 45 DAS/DAT significantly fetched higher net returns
(Rs 54893/ha) and B: C ratio (3.5).
Keywords: Transplanted Rice,Sesbania Brown manuring, Rice Productivity.
GNRSA-2020/919
ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.).
MAMTA KUMARI AND KRISHNA KANT DUBEY

Subject Matter Specialist (Horticulture) and Programme Assistant,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhagalpur
Chili (Capsicum annuum L), which belongs to the family Solanaceae, is a crucial cash crop of the district Bhagalpur, Bihar. Flourished on the
banks for River Ganga, Bhagalpur is blessed with rich alluvial soil and fitting environment for the cultivation of chili pants. KVK Sabour has
been the centre for running various research activities in the field of agriculture. One of its mandatory activity is to carry out On-Farm Trial
(OFT) at farmer’s field to demonstrate and assess the field level observation. The centre has gone through this experiment of four years i.e.
2016 to 2020. As a result of this trial, it conclude that an integrated approach should be opted to control the diseases and pests of chilli. It was
found that treatment of the seedlings in imidachloroprid (@ 5ml/liter) and carbendazim (@ 2.5ml/liter) for 45 minutes, followed by removal
the twigs before planting (except the apical portions). This was also advocated by Pandey, K.K. Satpathy, S. (2009). Single seedling planting
should be preferred followed by recommended package and practices. This IPM module gives the best result in terms of productivity and
better income.
Keywords: integrated pest management, chili.
GNRSA-2020/920
CLIMATE CHANGE AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
MEENAKSHI KUMARI1 AND SAURABH TOMAR1*

1
The climate of our earth is continuously changing which effects both quality and production of most of the vegetable crops worldwide. Any
significant change in the mean state of the climate or its constituents for an extended period is known as Climate change. Vegetables contain
high amount of various micronutrients, minerals, vitamins and health benefiting compounds which are biologically active against number of
chronic diseases. But because of its perishable nature they are highly sensitive to climate variability and thus variables like temperature
fluctuation, flooding, water stress, drought, rainfall and salinity would be major limiting factors in increasing vegetable productivity. Various
physiological processes are temperature dependent and increasing temperature, increases population of pest and disease. Vegetables also help
in generating higher income and employment to small and marginal land holding farmers. Various breeding practices such as use of
biotechnology, genetic engineering, molecular breeding and agronomic practices like cultivation under protected condition, organic farming,
and conservation tillage have potential to increase the quality and production under adverse conditions.
Key words: Vegetables, climate, change, production
GNRSA-2020/921
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN OKRA GENOTYPES FOR
YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS
MEENAKSHI KUMARI1, A.K.DUBEY1*, D.P.SINGH1, SAURABH TOMAR1 AND S. S. SOLANKEY2

1
Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002 (Uttar Pradesh),
INDIA
2
Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour – 813210 (Bihar), INDIA
A study of genetic diversity in 31 okra genotypes including two checks viz., Pusa A-4 and Pusa Sawani for 16 important quantitative
morphological and biochemical traits. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications during 2017-18. The
phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV), heritability in broad sense (h2 bs), genetic advance of these characters were
studied. The genotypes demonstrated wide range of variability for all the characters. Moderate to wide range of mean values were observed
among the genotypes studied for different characters. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly higher than its corresponding
genotypic coefficient of variations (GCV) for all the characters studied. High PCV and GCV were observed for total chlorophyll content
(110.87%, 110.84%) followed by total carotenoids content (64.98%, 64.97%), per cent disease incidence (37.31%, 36.90%) number of
primary branches/plants (25.27%, 20.85%) and plant height (26.98%, 24.48%). Whereas, moderate for number of fruits per plant (17.60%,
14.76%), fruit yield per plant (18.45%, 15.70%) while low for days to first flowering (8.04%, 7.42%). High heritability coupled with high
genetic advance in per cent of mean was highest for total carotenoids content (99.96%, 133.80%) followed by total chlorophyll content
(99.95%, 228.27%), total phenolics content (99.38%, 23.95%), per cent disease incidence (97.80%, 75.20%), number of seeds per fruits
(86.20%, 29.91%) and plant height (82.30%, 45.76%). The genotypes, viz. IIVR-11, Kashi Kranti and Pusa A-4 were found promising for
most of the yield contributing traits. These genotypes could be used further in hybrid breeding programme.
Keywords: Heritability, okra, Variability, yield, genetic advance
GNRSA-2020/922
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS INDUCED BY BIOPESTICIDES AND SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES
USING ONION MERISTEMATIC CELL ASSAY
MEENAKSHI VERMA AND SHALANI GUPTA
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture
and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh- 250110, India.
The present study involves comparative cytotoxicity of four biopesticides (Trichoderma viride; Pseudomonas flourescences; Beauveria
bassiana & Metarhizium anisophilae) and two synthetic pesticides (Malathion and Mancozeb) employing chromosomal aberration assay in
root tip cells of onion using in situ and root dip modes of treatments for 24hrs and 48 hrs. The squash preparations from root tip cells of
treated onionbulbs revealed different types of chromosomal aberrations which were apportioned into physiological aberrations (c-mitosis,
delayed anaphases, stickiness, laggards and vagrants) and clastogenic aberrations (chromosomal breaks, chromatin bridge and ring
chromosomes). Highest mitotic index was observed in Metarhizium anisophilae for 24hrs and in Malathion at exposure time 48hrs. Among all
Mancozeb has maximum no. of aberrations, whereas minimum no. of aberrations was found in Trichoderma viride for 24hrs. While just
opposite was observed for exposure time 48hrs maximum no of aberrations was observed in Trichoderma viride whereas minimum
aberrations were observed in Mancozeb.
Keywords: Biopesticides, Synthetic pesticides, Cytotoxicity, Mitotic index and Chromosomal aberrations.
GNRSA-2020/923
IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED (PR-1) PROTEINS IN CICER ARIETINUM.
MEENAKSHI VERMA AND SHALANI GUPTA
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture
and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh- 250110, India.
The pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) gene family play important roles in the plant metabolism in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
The present study aimed genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analyses of PR-1 genes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum).Protein
sequences of chickpea pathogenesis related protein-1 (PR-1) were obtained from NCBI protein reference database. These candidate proteins
were comprehensively analysed with, multiple sequence alignment (CLUSTALW), domain architecture studies (CDD), signal peptide and
motif extraction (MEME) followed by phylogenetic analysis using MEGA software. Other properties like molecular weight, average PI,
number of amino acids and Open Reading Frame (ORF) length was calculated using Protein- isoelectric point calculator was obtained to see
properties of PR-1 proteins. We analysed 11 pathogenesis related protein-1 (PR-1) genes/proteins that were obtained by blastp of tomato
proteins in Chickpea genome with the help of bioedit. The presence of PF00188 and SM000198 domain structures from NCBI Conserved
Domain databases confirmed they are PR-1 proteins. All the 11 proteins of Cicer arietinum has molecular weight in given range of PR-1
proteins. In view of the pI data, it is understood that al1 of the 13 PR-1 proteins are acidic. Six PR-1 genes were in chromosome number 1
(Ca1). Maximum genes were present in Ca1. Using MEME online program tool, a total of 15 distinct motifs named 1-15 were detected, only
motif 1 (red), motif 2 (cyan) and motif 3 (green) were found to be associated with the CAP domain (PF00188). These three motifs (motif 1, 2
and 3) were found in all PR-1 proteins as expected. These genes can be explored for their utilization in the future molecular biology
applications in crop improvement programmes. Also, PR-1 genes can be good candidates as molecular markers for developing varieties
resistant/tolerant to abiotic stresses.
Keywords: Pathogenesis-related protein 1, Cicer arietinum, Plant metabolism and CAP domain.
GNRSA-2020/924
THE INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM IN COMBAT AGAINST COVID-19 PANDEMIC
MEGHNA1 AND NEELESH KUMAR MAURYA2
1
Assistant Professor (HDFS), Institute of Home Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.), India
2
Research Scholar, Institute of Home Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.), India
During COVID 19 pandemic control influenced an impact both in India and around the world. Approximately 32 crore learners have stopped
commuting. It has introduced a global lockout, which has had a very unfortunate effect on education in India as well as in many parts of the
world. Schools/colleges and all educational activities in India have been suspended. An explosion of COVID that transition is imminent.
Digital training seems to be a viable answer to the drawbacks for classroom training. India is taken into account for being the largest market
in the world after the United States. A large open online course (MOOC) is an Internet course aimed at unlimited curiosity and open entry
through the net. The MOOC is alleged to have opened a gateway for several Indians when it talks of bringing an academic revolution. It has
introduced an open door for teachers which provided you with custom-made learning solutions for each pupil. An online study package is a
good option for amazing study with the help of government apps and schemes It has acted as a catalyst for educational institutions to build
technology platforms that have not been used before. The education sector is attempting to reduce crises with a novel strategy and to digitize
the concerns faced by the threat of epidemics. This article highlights the Government of India's efforts to provide uninterrupted education in
India.
Keywords: covid 19, education system, e-pathshala, swayam prabha, nishtha.
GNRSA-2020/925
A REVIEW ON IMPACT ON CLIMATE CHANGE ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE
MONIKA KARNAWAT1, ROHITASHV NAGAR1, DEEPAK NAGAR1, ANUBHAV GALAV1, RAVINDRA MEENA1
School of Agricultural Sciences, Career Point University, Kota
During the new decade, with the developing acknowledgment of the chance of environmental change and away from of noticed changes in
environment during twentieth century, an expanding accentuation on food security and its local effects has come to cutting edge of
mainstream researchers. Lately, the harvest recreation models have been utilized widely to consider the effect of environmental change on
rural creation and food security. The yield given by the reproduction models can be utilized to settle on proper harvest the board choices and
to give ranchers and others elective choices for their cultivating framework. It is normal that in the coming a very long time with the
expanded utilization of PCs, the utilization of reenactment models by ranchers and experts just as strategy and chiefs will increment. In India,
considerable work has been done in a decade ago pointed toward understanding the nature and greatness of progress in yield of various
harvests because of projected environmental change. This paper presents an outline of the condition of the information on conceivable impact
of the environment changeability and change on food grain creation in India. At this point, in light of the various reports it very well may be
reasoned that the rural effects of environmental change in India are dubious. The absolute normal effect might be positive or negative
contingent upon the environment situations (temperature ascending in 2◦C, 3◦C, 4◦C, increment in CO2 and communication of expansion in
temperature furthermore, CO2). Effects likewise shift both quantitatively and subjectively by crop, level of agronomic administration, locale
and season. With regards to the occasional effects, the 'rabi' horticulture (winter season) in focal and southern India will be more unsafe. But
most scenarios show that climate change will have an overall positive impact or not affect significantly on India’s agriculture until 2050.
Key words: Food Security, Climate change
GNRSA-2020/926
BIOLEACHING: A POTENTIAL TECHNIQUE TO RESTRICT THE EXPANSION OF E-WASTE
1MOUMITA CHAKRABORTY, 1ANAMIKA KUMARI, 1ARJITA PUNETHA AND 2J. P. N RAI
1
Research Scholar, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
2
Professor, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Electronic waste now a days needs to be taken into consideration not only due to its material content, but also for the heterogeneity of the
metals present. The growing threat of ‘electronic waste’ or ‘e-waste’ that consists of obsolete electronic devices due to technological
advances are posing a new environmental challenge. The disposal of e-waste has raised environmental and health concerns due to the
presence of hazardous and toxic components (i.e., lead, cadmium, mercury, beryllium, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers). On the other
hand, e-waste has been treated as a “secondary ore” in “urban mining” due to the presence of precious metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Pd). The
concentration of precious metals in the e-waste of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is higher than that in primary ores; for example, the ore
deposit of both Ag and Au is <10 g/ton compared to the PCB deposits of Ag and Au at 1000 and 250 g/ton, respectively. Thus, the interest in
e-waste recycling has risen, especially with the aim of recovering precious metals from waste PCBs. Both hydrometallurgical and pyro
metallurgical methods of metals extraction are rapid and less time-consuming compared to bioleaching process. However, extensive energy
requirement and investment cost, associated toxicity, and high metals loss during recovery from e-waste increases the redundancy of these
methods. The considerable quantities of secondary by-products are also generated, which limits their use. In contrast, bioleaching is an
environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology that has been employed by various researchers to recover metals. Thus the
bioleaching process is now emerging as commercial exploitable technology applicable for metal extraction from electronic waste and low
grade ores. A two-step bioleaching process is believed to be appropriate to increase the metal leaching efficiency of micro-organisms from
electronic waste. For more efficient metal mobilization, direct growth of micro-organisms in the presence of electronic waste is not advisable
due to its toxic effects. In the same set of bioleaching experimental conditions, rate of bioleaching of Au, Cu, Zn and Fe appeared to be
dependent upon their concentration in the electronic waste, and metals having high concentrations being leached out at higher rates. Metal
dissolution are seen to be enhanced by optimization of parameters. These results may vary with different growth conditions applied,
concentration of electronic waste used and depending on microorganism used. These efforts will surely pave the way toward conservation of
primary/natural resources, prevent environmental degradation, and significantly contribute to the transition to a circular economy.
Keywords – Bioleaching, e-waste, printed circuit boards (PCBs) etc.
GNRSA-2020/927
INVESTIGATING NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENTIAL COLD INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS ON MORPHO-
PHYSIOLOGY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) PLANTS
NADIA GUL 1* AND SAIMA ASLAM1

Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, India
Global climatic change induced cold stress has emerged a major challenge for scientists to overcome the food insecurity. Cold induced
oxidative stress severely harms the morpho-physiological parameters and metabolic networks in tomato plants. In this study, we investigated
the effects of differential cold stress on morpho-physiological characteristics to effect growth, development and yield in tomato plants. A
direct correlation with increase in cold stress was observed on different aerial parts. Severely affected aerial plants parts include, reduction in
branching, height of plant, leaf size and number. In addition, our studies also correlated the effect of cold stress on induction of oxidative
stress and its effects on growth and development. We estimated the effect of oxidative parameters by analysis concentration of hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in aerial parts of plant under investigation. We concluded that decreased temperatures i.e.,
enhancing cold stress resulted in increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). Later byproducts
impart severe effects on metabolism and growth of plant, hence decline in crop yield. Our studies may pave way to initiate transcriptomic and
proteomic studies to investigate possible strategies for the production of cold resistant tomato crop plants.
Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, morphological, physiological, cold stress, crop yield
GNRSA-2020/928
INTERVENTIONAL STUDY: CORRELATION BETWEEN RICE BRAN OIL INTAKE AND LIPID PROFILE IN CKD-5
PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS
NEELESH KUMAR MAURYA1*, PRATIBHA ARYA1 AND N. S. SENGAR2
1
Institute of Home Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India.
2
Department of Medicine, MLB Medical College, Jhansi, India.
Institute of Home Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India.
To evaluate the correlation between Rice bran oil intake and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, HDL) in CKD-5 patients on
hemodialysis. Experimental study was conducted in 50 patients who were registered, eligible and committed to treated by a dialysis centre in
CKD-5 patients. This interventional research was conducted in 49 consecutive patients (male and female) at MLB Medical College, Jhansi,
India, from March 2016 to November 2018. 5 ml of venous blood samples were collected after a short night in opaque tubes. After collection,
the samples were allowed to coagulate for half an hour during which the samples were centrifuged and the serum was analyzed at the ISO
9001:2015 Certified Pathology Laboratory at the Medical College in Selectra Pro M, an automated biochemical analyser. In this study, of
patients are intervened rice bran oil 15 % of energy according to RDA, all CKD -5 patients dialyzed 3 times in a week. Cholesterol and HDL
levels were also found to be negatively associated with the intake of rice bran oil. A minor positive correlation was observed between the
amount of Triglycerides and HDL with the Pearson coefficient at 0.015. Studies showed that RBO has important hypocholesterolemic effects.
RBO incorporates a healthy diet and fitness regimen to improve cardiac health and other health conditions. It is important to remind everyone
that RBO is not a drug, even with minor changes in your lipid profile. This concept could be beneficial. It is a convenient and cost-effective
approach to a well-balanced life and better quality of life.
Keywords: rice bran oil, CKD-5, hypocholesterolemic, correlation, pearson coefficient.
GNRSA-2020/929
KITCHEN GARDENING: A PROMISING APPROACH TOWARDS THE NUTRITIONAL SECURITY OF RURAL PEOPLE
AND ITS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
NEERJA SHARMA, VINOD GUPTA, A.K. SINHA AND SAURAV GUPTA

KVK Samba, SKUAST-Jammu
Kitchen gardening plays an important role for rural families to recover diversified vegetables in their daily diet. KVK Samba demonstrated
the kitchen gardening amongst 100 families of two villages namely Daboh and Raika Labana to analyze the economic impact of the alleged
technology along with constraints faced by the growers. The demonstrations on kitchen gardening have paved the way for healthier, long,
prosperous and biodegradable life of the rural folk. The results revealed that there was total income of Rs. Rs 2113.7 from Rabi vegetables
and Rs 2287.6 from Kharif vegetables. The total vegetable income was Rs. 4401.3/- from an area of 500 m2 in three months span. These
vegetables were produced with minimal use of chemicals. However, there are certain bottlenecks in successful adoption of kitchen gardening.
Overall analysis revealed that brackish irrigation water, high soil pH and EC, limited availability of seed in the form of vegetable kits, lack of
awareness regarding varieties and management of insect-pest and diseases and limited knowledge regarding preparation of quality farm yard
manure were amongst the serious constraints as perceived by the growers.
Keywords : Kitchen gardening, Economic analysis, Constraints, Adoption
GNRSA-2020/930
PROBLEMATIC SOIL OF INDIA
NISHANT SINGH*
Research scholar department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry PG College Ghazipur 233001
The phenomenon of accumulation of excess salt/acid in the root zone, results in a partial or complete loss of soil productivity and such soil is
defined as ‘Problem (alkali, saline & acid) Soils’ and exist mainly in arid and semi-arid regions.Soils which set a limit to crop production due
to mineral stress, drought, acidity, sodicity, waterlogging, etc. could be considered as problem soils. A general definition of problem soils
could be visualized as those which have adverse conditions, inherent or man-made ( created), posing severe limitations to successful crop
production. Thus, the soil profiles having high ground water tables and less permeable argillic horizon, eroded soils, sandy soils of low
fertility, coastal soils which are inundated frequently, and the laterites (Oxic soils) could be considered as problem soils. However, because of
the importance and magnitude of severity, only the saline and sodic, acid, and acid sulfate soils are discussed here, as they constitute
approximately 60 million hectares out of about 140 million hectares of net area under cultivation in India. As per Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR) area under problem soils has increased from 220 lakh hectare (2005) to 243 lakh hectare (2010), comprising of
alkali soils-37.0 lakh hectare, saline soils including coastal saline areas account for 27.0 lakh hectare and acid soils 179.0 lakh hectare. As
such, about 4 lakh hectare area is annually increasing under such soil.
GNRSA-2020/931
EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS AND SODIUM ALGINATE COATING ON QUALITY AND

SENESCENCE OF POINTED GOURD (Trichosanthes dioica ROXB.) FRUIT
NITIN YADAV, KALYAN BARMAN, POOJA BELWAL, AKASH KANUJIYA, BASANT KUMAR DADARWAL
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (221005), Uttar Pradesh, India
Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) is an important member of the largest vegetable family Cucurbitaceae. Pointed gourd is
commonly known as ‘King of gourds’ because of its higher amount of nutrients among the gourds. Harvesting of fully grown fruits is usually
done once or twice a week. Delay in harvest leads to change in fruit colour from green to yellow or orange and seeds turn light black from
creamy white, rendering the fruit unmarketable. Pointed gourd has a very short shelf life of 2 – 3 days at ambient condition.
Therefore,aninvestigationwascarriedouttodelayripeningandpreservefruitqualityofguavaforalongerperiodduringstorageatambientcondition. The
pointed gourd fruits (cv. Navdhari) were harvested at commercial maturity stage and fruit treated with of 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mM, 2.0
mM and 3.0 mM) and salicylic acid (1.0 mM, 2.0 mM and 3.0 mM). In another experiment, fruit treated with 6-benzylaminopurine (2.0 mM
and 3.0 mM), salicylic acid (2.0 mM and 3.0 mM) and sodium alginate (2%) either alone or in combination. Both treated and control fruits
were packed in corrugated fibreboard (CFB) boxes and stored at room temperature (29 ± 1°C). The experiments showed that pointed gourd
fruit can be stored up to 6 days with maximum consumer acceptance following pre-storage treatment of 3.0 mM 6-benzylaminopurine and
coating with 2% sodium alginate solution.
Keyword: benzylaminopurine, sodium alginate, Pointed gourd, salicylic acid
GNRSA-2020/932
ANALYSIS OF BER GERMPLASMS AGAINST OIDIUM ERYSIPHOIDES F. SP. ZIZIPHI, CAUSING POWDERY MILDEW
1
P. A. MANE AND 2P. E. MORE
1
Department of plant Pathology and Agriculture Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri
2
AICRP on Arid Zone Fruits, Department of Horticulture, MPKV., Rahuri
Powdery mildew caused by Oidium erysiphoides f. sp. ziziphi, Yan and Wang is the most important disease that causes maximum reduction
in yield and quality of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) fruits grown under semi-arid and arid regions of India. Developing a varietal
resistance to disease provides an early, cheaper, stable and effective means of disease control. In the present investigation, 34 genotypes were
tested for resistant against Oidium erysiphoides f. sp. ziziphi. Out of theses, one cultivars / germplasm namely Kharki No.1 showed 3.0 per
cent disease intensity and categorized as resistant whereas Badami. Betawadi and Sandhura Narnaul showed moderately susceptible reaction
and Illaichi, Thornless, Jogia, S 2 11showed susceptible reaction.
Keywords: Ber, Ziziphus mauritiana, powdery mildew, Oidium erysiphoides f. sp. ziziphi, cultivars/ germplasm
GNRSA-2020/933
UTILIZATION OF RS AND GIS FOR INSPECTION AND EXECUTION OF RAINWATER HARVESTING SITE SELECTION:
A MID HIMALAYAN WATERSHED CASE STUDY
PANKAJ KUMAR, SACHIN KUMAR SINGH AND MALLIKA JOSHI

Department of Soil and Water Conservation, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263145.
Remote sensing (RS) integrated with the Geographic Information System (GIS) is an effective method for identifying appropriate sites for
water harvesting structures with limited field visits. The study combined several factors, such as slope, runoff opportunity, land cover/use,
stream order, and hydrology, to determine the suitability of rainwater harvesting sites for the Western Nayar watershed which falls in the
Pauridistrict of Mid Himalayan zone. The analysis relied on Landsat image data of 2019 to compute the land use/cover categories. Using the
QGIS software, supervised classification was applied for LULC, while the slope mapping and drainage order were extracted using SRTM
digital elevation model. This studyalso explores identification of suitable sites for soil and water conservation structures such as check dams,
farm ponds in Western Nayar watershed. Adequate water harvesting systems in the Western Nayar watershed can be set up for the sustainable
growth and conservation of soil and water resources.
Keywords:GIS, Remote sensing,Water harvesting, Himalayan watershed
GNRSA-2020/934
DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS AND TRADE DYNAMICS OF ORANGES IN INDIA
PARESH P. BAVISKAR1, UTKARSHA P. GAWARE2, AKASH D. DHUNDE3 AND SANKALP M. THAWALE4

1
Department of Agricultural Economics, VNMKV, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central AgriculturalUniversity, Pusa, India
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli, Maharashtra, India
4
Department of Agricultural Economics, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
The present study estimates the growth rate and instability in area, production, productivity and trade of orange crops over years in India.
Decomposition analysis of area, production and productivity of Indian orange crops is also carried out.The secondary data were collected
from database of FAOSTAT. The data pertained to the period of 20 years i.e. from 1998-99 to 2017-18 which was further divided into three
periods viz., Period-I (1998-99 to 2007-08), Period-II ( 2008-09 to 2017-18) and Overall (1998 to 2017-18). The growth rates were
calculated using exponential function. The instability was measured with coefficient of variation (CV) and Cuddy Della Valle’s Instability
index while, the relative contribution of area and yield to change in output was estimated by Minhas decomposition model. The result of this
study leads to the conclusion that there was positive and significant growth in area, production, and productivity of orange crop in India
during study period except for productivity during period-I, which showed negative growth of 1.72 per cent per annum. Import quantity and
import value has recorded positive and significant growth during all periods, while export quantity recorded negative growth during period-II
and overall period. The instability in the area, production and productivity of orange was observed in almost all the periods. The highest
instability was observed in overall period of the study for production followed by area and productivity whereas in case of trade, the highest
instability was observed during period-I followed by overall period in export value and export quantity, while import quantity and import
value showed stability during study period. Percent contribution of area effect was more responsible for change in production of orange.
Therefore, the study concludes that, there is need for policy maker to formulate development-oriented policy and researcher to design
investigative research activity for promoting sustainable orange production system in India for expansion of area under orange cultivation.
Hence, it is suggested so as to attain proper international market for orange, there is need to initiate a systematic and long term export
planning at the national level.
GNRSA-2020/935
VERTICAL FARMING CHANGING CURRENT AGRICULTURE SCENARIO
PAVITHRA S, PATIBANDLA LAKSHMIRPIYA AND UTKARSHA P. GAWARE
New and innovative technologies in agriculture sector are coming up to face the challenges arising due to overgrowing population, water
scarcity, climate change, labour scarcity and urbanization leading to reduction in arable land. The entire world is on the verge of population
explosion and the gravest challenge is to feed the population. By 2050 world’s population will be 9.7 billion and to serve this population there
is a need to increase the food production by 70 percent more than today’s production. Various technologies like irrigation practices, crop
management products, mobile technology, fertilizer and mechanization management and software’s, like Agrivi for managing their farms,
robotics in agriculture are on its way to come. These technologies will definitely uplift the agriculture sector. Even though with all these new
and modern technologies, food security is the gravest challenge with a decreased in arable land. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
reveal that arable land per person is projected to decrease by 2050 to one-third of the amount which was available in 1970. In this context a
new technology called vertical farming placing its foot in producing high crop yields within a small area. vertical farming has completely
changed and is confined to the aim of utilizing each and every inch of land and space, no matter whether it is urban or rural for growing
maximum possible food for the hungry population. Many entrepreneurs are coming forward for vertical farming with high net returns. With
this gospel emphasis will be made to study the concept of vertical farming, its history, present status, cost of production for fodder crops, and
strengths and weaknesses of the technology by using SWOT analysis.
GNRSA-2020/936
EATING HABITS CHANGES DURING COVID-19 IN INDIA
PINKI SINGH1 AND NEELESH KUMAR MAURYA2

1
Assistant Professor, Head of the department T R Y S PG College moth Jhansi(U.P.), India
2
Research Scholar, Institute of Home Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.), India
The world is currently experiencing the pandemic of coronavirus (COVID-19). In late 2019, the COVID-19 infection began in Wuhan,
Hubei, China. People in all countries are under quarantine to reduce the spread of the virus. To prevent the COVID-19 pandemic in India on
24 March 2020 under P. M Narendra Modi, the Government of India ordered a national lockdown of 21 days preventing the movement of the
entire 1. 3 billion Indian population in India. Since they associate quarantine with the interruption of the work routine, this resulted in
boredom. In India, the person ate fresh fruits with a healthy nutritional pattern to be followed in quarantine. Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-
carotene are antioxidants. Zinc is crucial for the maintenance of immune function Besides person was very curious about how to combat
COVID-19, they could associate quarantine with less time spent outdoors. The major dietary sources of vitamin E are vegetable oils
(soybean, sunflower, corn, wheat germ, and walnut), nuts, seeds, spinach, and broccoli. During quarantine, food stores stay open. Keeping
foods that are unimpeachable sources of immune-supportive nutrients. Government agencies, NGOs, and individual level person tried to
combat COVID-19 through social distancing, sanitation, and an immune-boosting diet. Positive facts all over the world accepted that
prevention is better than cure and well-balanced diet, fresh fruit, herb, spices should be taken. This study review studies the influence of the
COVID-19 lockdown on feeding, diet and food behaviour habits in Indian countries.
Keywords:covid -19, pandemic, diet, nutrition, lockdown, food behavior.
GNRSA-2020/937
FLUORESCENCE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF AGERATINA ADENOPHORA (SPRENG.) R.M. KING
& H. ROB.
PINKY RAIHING,1 VIJAYALAKSHMI,A2 AND SILPA.M3

Research Scholars1&3and Professor2, Department of Botany, Avinashilingam Institute for Home science and Higher Education for Women,
Coimbatore, TamilNadu,India.
Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of human drug development and synthesis around the whole world. The present
study was aimed to evaluate fluorescence and phytochemical analysis of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.)R.M. King & H. Rob.This plant was
first originated from Mexico and Central America and belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant was collected from Ukhrul District of
Manipur. The leaves were shade dried, powdered and used for fluorescence and phytochemical analysis. A. adenophora are used in folklore
medicine for the treatment of wound healing, fever, antiviral, anti-tumor, antiviral, insecticidal, larvicidal and anti-inflammatory activity. The
fluorescence analysis showed the different colour variations like dark green, light brown, army green, seaweed green, pale pink, etc. under the
different chemical treatments. The fluorescent analysis of leaves showed quality and purity of the drug. The phytochemical screening showed
that the presence of amino acid, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, protein, tannins, essential oil, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids
etc. in the leaf extracts ofAgeratina adenophora. These phytochemical screening tests are useful in different ways which help the human body
in combating disease and health problems.
Key words:Ageratina adenophora, Fluorescence, Phytochemicals, wound healing.
GNRSA-2020/938
STRATEGY ON MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT OF BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.)
POPIN KUMAR1, S. K. SINGH2, KRISHNA KUMAR2, AJAY KUMAR3,ARJUN SINGH1 AND ASHOK KUMAR4
1
Department of Plant Pathology, S.V.P.U.A. & T. Modipuram Meerut-250110 (U.P.) India.
2
Department of Plant Pathology Acharya Narendra Deva University Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224229 (U.P.) India.
3
Department of Plant Pathology, Amar Singh P. G. College (CCS University Meerut), Lakhaoti, Bulandshahar- 203407 (U.P.) India.
4
Department of Plant Pathology, Post Graduate College (VBSPU, Jaunpur), Ghazipur-233001, U.P.
Keywords: Broad Bean, Alternaria Leaf Spot, Botanicals, Bio-control Agents, Fungicide.
Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the fourth most important food legume crop after garden pea, chickpea and lentil in the world. In India
broad bean plant infected with many fungal pathogens. Among them, leaf spot disease of broad bean is one of the most serious disease in
many areas of Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh. Under severe conditions of infection yield loss up to 40 per cent has been reported and
this disease is mostly responsible for its low production. For managing the per cent disease severity of Alternaria leaf spot disease of broad
bean. An experiment was conducted in Plant Pathological laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology and Students Instructional Farm of N.D.
University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) India during Rabi season in 2018-2019. In this study we evaluated
the three bio-control agents and nine alone and combined treatment of three disease controlling
agents viz, Chemical (Cabendazim 50 WP), Botanical agent (neem seed kernel extract) and bio control agents (Pseudomonas flourescens and
Trichoderm harzianum) against Alternatria leaf spot of broad bean in vitro and in vivo respectively. Among three bio-control agents the
maximum Inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of Aliternaria alternata was inhibited by B. subtilis (54.28 %) followed by T. viride (48.57
%) and T. harzianum (42.85 %) in vitro. Among the nine treatments minimum percent disease severity and per cent disease control was found
in T2 followed by T1, T8, T7, T4, T3, T6, T5 as compared to T9 (untreated), The maximum plant height and yield was recorded in T 2 followed
by T1, T8, T7, T4, T3, T6, T5 as compared to T9 (untreated) plots in vivo.
GNRSA-2020/939
ECO FRIENDLY KITCHEN GARDENING - A STEP FOR SAFE ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTHY DIET
PRATIKSHA1, PRATIMA SACHAN2 AND SAURABH TOMAR3*

1
Research Scholar, Department of Agriculture Extension and Communication, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture, Pantnagar -
263153, Uttarakhand, India.
2
Department of Extension and Communication Management and 3Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of
Agriculture & Technology,
Kanpur -208 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Malnutrition and poor health status especially in rural areas is a common problem. Kitchen or home gardening is an earliest and most
extensive food production system found throughout the world. Kitchen gardens refer to food grown in or around the house for household use.
India ranks 94 th out of 107 countries in the 2020 Global Hunger Index, and suffers from a serious level of hunger with a score of
27.2. Kitchen gardens can play an important role in providing national food security by supplementing rations and providing
essential nutrients. The various social benefits that have emerged from kitchen gardening practices are health and nutrition, enhanced
income, self-employment, food security within the household and community social life whereas poor quality seed, low yielding cultivars,
inadequate plant protection measures and unawareness among vegetable growers of modern production technologies were some of the
reasons for low vegetables and fruits crop. Women play a significant role especially in kitchen gardens.Growing winter and off-season
vegetables is a low-cost, lucrative and easy adaptable income-generating activity for rural women. It is concluded on the basis of many
researches that kitchen gardening practices are health and nutrition, enhanced income, self-employment whereas there is need to more focus
on awareness about kitchen garden with the help of extension specialist.
GNRSA-2020/940
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CAUSES, EFFECTS AND MITIGATION OF SOIL POLLUTION AMONG FARMING FAMILIES OF
PUNJAB
PRATIKSHA AND PREETI SHARMA

Department of Extension Education & Communication Management,
College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141001, India
India is an agrarian nation and produces huge amount of agriculture based waste. Farmers choose burning as an ultimate way to manage the
large quantities of produce residue and also to get the field ready for the next crop well in time. Five worst hit districts of Punjab were
Sangrur 6,662 stubble burning cases followed by Bathinda 5,798, Ferozpur 5,013, Patiala 3,983 and 3,751 cases registered with Muktsar.
(Ludhiana Times, 13 November 2019).The burning of wheat and paddy stubbles & leftover straw in fields contribute to loss of soil fertility.
Burning of straw leads to loss of valuable nutrients like 75.0 per cent of potassium, 50.0 per cent sulfur, 25 per cent nitrogen and phosphorus.
The present study entitled ‘Knowledge about Causes, Effects and Mitigation of Soil Pollution among Farming Families of Punjab’ was
conducted with the objectives to assess the knowledge level of respondents regarding causes, effects and mitigation practices for soil
pollution and to study the application of mitigation strategies by the respondents. Data was collected from five agro-climatic zones i.e. central
plain zone, sub-mountain undulating zone, undulating plain zone, western plain zone and western zone of Punjab state. From each of the
selected agro climatic zone, fifteen farm families were selected randomly, the male and female heads of the family were chosen for responses,
thus, in total 150 respondents were randomly selected. Data was collected using pre-tested structured interview schedule. A knowledge test
was developed and pre tested for its reliability and validity. The data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The findings of the
study revealed that majority of the respondents across all agro-climatic zones had high level of knowledge for causes and mitigation strategies
but had medium level of knowledge about effects of soil pollution. Irrespective of high level of knowledge about mitigation strategies for soil
pollution, very few respondents applied these mitigation strategies to combat soil pollution. It is suggested that in extension trainings/ camps
more emphasis should be given on information about effects of soil pollution, so that people could be sensitized to take serious action to
mitigate the effects of soil pollution. Innovative behaviour change communication strategies need to be applied to improve the practical
application of knowledge gained.
Key words: Agro-climatic zones, Soil pollution, Farming Families, Knowledge level, Mitigation.
GNRSA-2020/941
IMPACT OF KRISHI BILL 2020 INDIA AND THEIR PROS AND CONS
PRATIKSHA1, PRATIMA SACHAN2, JITENDRA KUMAR3 AND SAURABH TOMAR3*

1
2
Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur -208 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
India is an agrarian country and produces 23 per cent of Gross Development Productand employs 66 per cent of the workforce. Yet most
Indian farmers have remained quite poor. Farmers in India suffered from various restrictions in marketing and their produce. There were
restrictions for farmers in selling agri-produce outside the APMC(agricultural produce market committee) market yards and also in India 80
per cent of the farmer had small land holding and has certain weaknesses such as weather dependence, production uncertainties and market
unpredictability. The three bills that were passed by the LokSabha are the Farmers Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and
Facilitation) Bill, Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill and Essential Commodities
(Amendment) Bill passed on 14th September 2020 by Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Rural Development &Panchayati
Raj. In which The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020 seeks to provide for the creation of
an ecosystem where the farmers and traders enjoy the freedom of choice relating to sale and purchase of farmers' produce whereas The
Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020 seeks to provide for a national
framework on farming agreements that protects and empowers farmers to engage with agri-business firms, processors, wholesalers, exporters
or large retailers for farm services and sale of future farming produce at a mutually agreed remunerative price framework in a fair and
transparent manner. The Bill basically aims at creating additional trading opportunities outside the APMC market yards to help farmers get
remunerative prices due to additional competition. This will supplement the existing Minimum Support Prize procurement system which is
providing stable income to farmers. It will certainly pave the way for creating One India, One Agriculture Market and will lay the foundation
for ensuring golden harvests for our hard working farmers and also empower farmers for engaging with processors, wholesalers, aggregators,
large retailers, exporters on a level playing field without any fear of exploitation. The cons of the Krishi bill such as Farmers’ Produce Trade
and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill does not give any statutory backing to Minimum Support Prize, government declares MSPs
for crops, but there has been no law mandating their implementation and new bills are placing farmers and traders at the mercy of civil
servants, rather than of the courts. Many researches revealed that Krishi bill protects and empowers farmers to engage with agri-business
firms, processors, wholesalers, exporters or large retailers whereas cons such as no law mandating for minimum support prize and monopoly
of APMC (agricultural produce market committee) mandis.
GNRSA-2020/942
DIGITAL INDIA: AN INITIATIVE TO TRANSFORM INDIA
PRATIKSHA1, PRATIMA SACHAN2, JITENDRA KUMAR3 AND SAURABH TOMAR3*

1
2
Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur -208 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Digital India stands for transforming India into a digitally empowered knowledge economy. It is an initiative of government of India to
integrate the Government Departments and the people of India. It aims at ensuring the Government services are made available to citizens
electronically by reducing paper work and digitally empowered knowledge economy. Digital India programme is the outcome of the changes
brought by the information and communication technology. It aims at ensuring that the Government services are plan to connect rural areas
with high speed internet networks, transform the country into digitally empowers knowledge economy and connect the 2.5 lakh villages
across India through broadband highways, public internet access, universal access to mobile connectivity, e‐governance, e‐kranti, information
for all, a robust electronic manufacturing regime, early harvest programmes, and IT for jobs—known as the nine pillars of Digital India. The
cost of this project is estimated at Rs. 1,13,000 crore. Under digital India programme the Government of India has undertaken some projects
like Digital locker system, My gov.in, Swachh Bharat Mission Mobile App, e-sign, Online registration system under the e- Hospital
application, National scholarship portal, Bharat Net and BSNL has introduced Next Generation Network, to replace 30 years old exchanges.
The vision of digital India is centered on three key areas such as Digital infrastructure as a utility which seeks to provide every citizen with
high speed internet facility, Governance and services on demand which will be available in real time for online and mobile platforms,
seamlessly integrated across departments and jurisdictions and Empower citizens, especially rural citizens, by making them digitally literate.
It is not an easy task whereas needs coordination and cooperation of all the government Departments without the smooth teamwork between
the departments the mission would never be implemented to its full strength. It is concluded on the basis of many researches that for
successful implementation of Digital India Programme involves lot of hindrances but in the present global context there is no second thought.
Therefore it is highly expected to expedite the initiation of the digital India Programme.
GNRSA-2020/943
RECYCLING PRACTICES FOLLOWED IN KANPUR CITY PROMOTING TECHNIQUES FOR BUSINESS PURPOSE
PRATIMA SACHAN1, PRATIKSHA2* AND DEESHA PATEL1

1
Department of Extension and Communication Management, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur -208002, Uttar
Pradesh, India
2
Research Scholar, Department of Agriculture Extension and Communication, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture Pantnagar -263153,
Uttarakhand, India.
Recycling has become a necessity, not because of the shortage of any item, but because of the need to control pollution. There are three ways
to reduce pollution: (1) use of new, less polluting technologies; (2) effective treatment of effluent so that it conforms to specified discharge
requirements; and (3) recycling waste several times over before discharge), which is considered the most practical solution. Reducing solid
waste includes properly disposing of unwanted household textiles and apparel. Consumers should not place unwanted textiles or apparel in
the garbage because almost 100% of it can be recycled. Yet solid waste disposal occurs with about half of the discarded textiles and apparel
in the United State. Consumer education is a key to reducing waste. "There is a general lack of knowledge of how and where clothing is
disposed of". This study was carried out in Kanpur city. The total hundred numbers of respondents were selected from the different houses
and areas. A descriptive research design was adopted for the present study. The tools used for this purpose was the interview schedule.
Key Words: Recycling, Waste, Techniques
GNRSA-2020/944
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SPICES
PRIYA AND AMAR P. GARG

School of Biological Engineering & Life Sciences, Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed- to- be-University), Modipuram,
MEERUT, 250110, INDIA.
Spice is plant parts like seeds, fruits, bark, stems, roots, flowers, leaves and etc which give flavoring,aromaand coloring food and beverages.
They have nutritional value, rich in antioxidant property and useful for health. Spices are rich in minerals (like calcium, potassium, sodium,
copper, zinc, magnesium, iron and so on.) and vitamins which help in boost immunity system, decreases damage body cells, and balance
hormonal disorder, enhancing digestive system and anti-inflammation. Spices used in medicine formation, cosmetic and perfume
productions. Spices like turmeric, cinnamon and cloves have antibacterial as well antifungal activity against food spoilage microbes like
Aspergillus flavous, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens,Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It helps
to prevent the growth of food spoilage microbes. Spices have a great potential to be worked as antimicrobial agents. Methanol, and double
distilled water used in extraction of spices for solubility test. Further experiments with food borne pathogens are in process to find out their
bio-preservative value.
Keywords: Biopreservative, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Extraction, Anti-oxdidant
GNRSA-2020/945
BIOEFFICACY STUDIES OF DIFFERENT INSECTICIDES AGAINST CABBAGE APHID, BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE
LINNAEUS AND DISSIPATION BEHAVIOR OF EFFECTIVE INSECTICIDE IN CABBAGE
PURTI AND KRISHNA ROLANIA

Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India
A field experiment was conducted at Experimental Area, Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during
the ‘rabi’ season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The two years investigation on bioefficacy studies of different insecticides against cabbage aphid
showed that the maximum reduction in aphid population over control was recorded in malathion 50 % EC (82.10 %) followed by
nimbecidine 0.03 % EC (71.77 %). Spinosad 2.5 % SC (69.85 %) and Beauveria bassiana 10 % SC (61.89 %) were found moderately
effective insecticides in reducing the population of aphid over control. Bacillusthuringiensis var. kurstaki 0.05 % WP (49.93 %) and
novaluron 10 % EC (53.04 %) were found the least effective insecticides. Two sprays were found more effective than single spray in
managing the aphid population. Persistence and residual toxicity of the most effective insecticide i.e. malathion 50 % EC @ 1 L ha-1 (single)
and 2 L ha-1 (double)in cabbage revealed that the initial deposits of malathion 50% EC were determined at different intervals i.e., 0 (2 hr), 1, 3,
5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days after spray application. The average residues of malathion at single and double dose in cabbage were varied from
0.937 to 0.050 mg kg-1 and 1.270 to 0.043 mg kg-1, respectively from 0 to 10 days after spray. The half-life values at single and double doses
were 2.40 and 1.78 days, respectively for malathion. The residue level of malathion was found below MRL (Maximum Residue Limit) i.e., 3.0
mg kg-1on 0 day at both single and double dose.
Keywords: Bioefficacy, insecticides, aphid, dissipation, cabbage
GNRSA-2020/946
PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF IMPORTANT FLOWER CROPS
RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR, ANJANA SISODIA, A K SINGH

Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, INDIA
Floriculture is a fast-emerging money-spinning component in the agriculture sector, growing at a modest rate throughout the world and has
become the potential agricultural activity especially for the developing countries. The total value of different floricultural products at the
wholesale level has been estimated to be over 50 billion US$ from about 2-million-hectare area in the world. In India, green house technology
started in 1985 and initially it was used for research only. In India, first, polyhouse was designed and set up in 1985 at Leh. Protected
cultivation is the technique of providing favorable environment or growth conditions to the plants. In greenhouses, the growing environment
is altered to suit the specific requirements of plants. It is rather used to protect plants from the adverse climatic conditions by providing
optimum conditions of light, temperature, humidity, CO2 and air circulation for the best growth of plants to achieve maximum yield and best
quality. Growing flower crops in greenhouses ensure the production of any plant at any place and throughout the year. Major flowers grown
in protected cultivation include flowers like rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, lilium, gerbera, tulip, anthurium, orchids, alstroemeria and
statice. The farmers and horticulturists are in general reluctant to take up flower cultivation on a commercial scale, as flowers are highly
perishable commodities. But, lucrative governmental policies, higher returns per unit area and time have attracted the selected group of
farmers to take up flower cultivation on a commercial scale.
Keywords: Protected cultivation, flowers, greenhouse, floriculture
GNRSA-2020/947
PRE AND POST-HARVESTING SOIL ANALYSIS FOR PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP.)
RAJASRI R1, VIJAYALAKSHMI A.*2, PINKY RAIHING3, SILPA M3

Department of Botany, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore –Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is commonly known as Red gram, belong to the family Fabaceae. Pigeon pea was grown using 4
different treatment namely C- Control, T1-Vermicomposted Groundnut shell and Vegetable waste (25g), T 2- Vermicomposted Groundnut
shell and Vegetable waste (50g), T3- Vermicomposted Groundnut shell and Vegetable waste (75g). In the present study, Available Nitrogen,
Available Phosphorous and Available Potassium was analysed in the Pre and Post- harvest soil. In pre harvest soil, the presence of 207.06
kg/ha available nitrogen, 14.8 kg/ha available phosphorus and 190 kg/ha available potassium was observed. The post-harvest soil analysis
showed that the T3 increased the Available Nitrogen (256.4kg/ha), Available Phosphorous (22.5 kg/ha) and Available Potassium (224.7
kg/ha) followed by T2 when compared to C. The study concluded that T 3 treatment (Vermicomposted Groundnut shell and vegetable waste
(75g) is an effective manure which can be used for Pigeon pea growth and to improve soil fertility.
Keyword: Pigeon pea, Vermicompost, Manure, Soil fertility.
GNRSA-2020/948
EFFECT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND FOLIAR NUTRITION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND
PROFITABILITY OF FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) IN VERTISOLS OF S-E RAJASTHAN
RAJENDRA KUMAR YADAV1*, RAJESH MEENA2, S.L. YADAV1, BALDEV RAM1, V.K. YADAV2, M.K. SHARMA1, S.N.
MEENA1, C.K. JADON3, B.D. YADAV4, N.L. MEENA1, PRATAP SINGH3
1
Agricultural Research Station Ummedganj, Kota
2
College of Agriculture, Ummedganj, Kota
3
DOR, Agriculture University, Kota
4
SKRAU, Bkaner
A field experiment was conducted at Institutional Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota, during Rabi season2019-20 on
clay loam soil. The experiment was laid out according to factorial randomized block design with three replications. The experiment
comprised three fertility levels of (75% RDF, 100% RDF, and 125% RDF) and five foliar nutrient spray levels (water spray), Neem coated
urea 2%, NPK 19:19:19, NPK 17:44:0 and NPK 0:0:50 at 0.5% PF and PI) were applied to the field pea variety IPFD 10-12. The results
shows that application of fertility level significantly increased the plant height (cm) at harvest, number of branches plant -1, dry matter,
number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, seed, straw and biological yield, N, P, K, S and Zn content and uptake by seed and straw,
number of total and effective root nodules and net returns with the application of 125 % RDF. The increase in plant population at harvest, test
weight and harvest index were found non-significant. The available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, and zinc in soil increased
significantly with the application of fertility levels at harvest of the crop, however bulk density, particle density, porosity, EC, pH and organic
carbon remain non-significant. Fertility levels and foliar nutrition spray levels significantly increased the plant height (cm) at harvest, number
of branches plant-1, dry matter (g), number of pods plant-1, seed, straw and biological yield, N, P, K, S and Zn content and uptake by seed and
straw, number of total and effective root nodules and net returns and number of seeds pod -1, the test weight and harvest index were found
non-significant. The, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc in soil significantly increased with application foliar
nutrition spray at harvest stage of the crop, but bulk density, particle density, porosity, EC, pH and organic carbon remain non-significant.
The interaction effect of fertility levels and foliar nutrition spray levels significantly influenced the dry matter, nodules count plant -1 and
weight of nodules plant-1, N and P available in soil and maximum being with 125% RDF and foliar nutrition spray (NPK 19:19:19).
GNRSA-2020/949
ROLE OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN CLIMATE CHANGE
ROHIT KUMAR SINGH

Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture Sciences, Career Point University
Agricultural diversification refers either to an improvement in the pattern of crops or to farmers preferring for other non-farming alternatives
such as poltry, livestock farming, fishery etc. It encourage higher production and also increases higher income of the farmers. Diversification
is an Significance way of climate change adaptation because it helps to spread the risk of climatic varience in damaging livelihoods. First, a
distinction should be made between agricultural diversification and livelihood diversification Agricultural diversification means adding plant
varieties and species, or animal breeds, to farms or farming communities. Livelihood diversification means farming households engaging in
multiple agricultural and non-agricultural activities. Both agricultural and livelihood diversification are ways of reducing climate risk. Since
climate shocks affect different farming and nonfarming activities differently, diversification can potentially reduce the impact of these shocks
on income. However, if farmers diversify to low-productivity activities, such a measure may actually reduce average income, force
households to sell off assets in the event of shocks, and control a vicious cycle of greater vulnerability and exposure to risk. The scope of crop
diversification as a means of mitigating climate risks may be limited where the risks affect equally different varieties of crops. However, crop
diversification may still be an option, where farm conditions are neither so marginal that they limit diversification nor sufficiently optimal for
a single high-return crop.
Key words- Climatic, varience, livelihood, farming,vulnerability etc.
GNRSA-2020/950
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF DIESEL DEGRADING MICROBES
RUCHIKA AND AMAR P. GARG

SCHOOL of Biological Engineering & Life Sciences, Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed-to-be-University).
Modipuram, NH -58, Meerut 250110, India
The study is possible to enhance the rate of microbial remediation of Diesel. Diesel oil leakages from underground storage tanks, distribution
facilities and various industrial operations represent an important source of soil and aquifer contamination. This fuel is a complex mixture of
normal, branched and cyclic alkanes, and aromatic compounds obtained from the middle-distillate fraction during petroleum separation. This
damage to the ecosystem is due to the accidental leakage of crude oil or its derivatives. Petroleum hydrocarbons could reduce the aeration and
water permeability of soil by filling the soil pores, thereby causing ecological and toxicological effects on plants and the destruction of the
natural state of the oilfield. The hydrophobic compounds in the soil matrix and the interaction with soil moisture under the effects of diesel
contamination of soil is needed in order to better plan and carry out remediation processes. It is isolates of Aspergillus, Aspergillus unguis,
Aspergillus fumigates and Aspergillus niger fungi in degrading diesel.
Keywords: Diesel, Contaminated Soil, Fungus
GNRSA-2020/951
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF RHIZOSPHERIC TRICHODERMA AGAINST PYTHIUM IN TOMATO
S. K SINGH AND ARCHANA SRIVASTAVA

CCR PG College, Muzaffarnagar (UP), Department of Botany, D.G.College Kanpur,
The present study is to evaluate the ability of different Trichoderma stains to antagonize Pythium causal organism of damping off disease in
Tomato. Result showed that all the Trichoderma isolates have a good antagonistic potential on mycelial growth of Pythium Bio-control
activity of these species in addition to their differences in aggressiveness towards Pythium suggests that it could further be applied in field
studies to manage damping off in Tomato.In a dual culture antagonism assays different strains grew profusely to inhibit the growth of the
Phyto-pathogenic test fungus probably by making male formation. Phytopathogens as a result of direct interactions with them and thus
utilizing the defence system synthesized inside the strains Different isolates of Trichoderma spp. were obtained from rhizosphere soils of
Tomato plants in different regions of Kanpur and nearby areas. By means of dual culture method, they were examined for antagonism
against Pythium which causes damping off. plant is attacked by several soil borne pathogens which cause serious damage to the crop with the
growth spurt in the population graph of the world were not enough food to sustain. Such ever increasing population felt worldwide along with
these Tomato is among the world’s largest nursery based vegetable crop cultivated for its fruit and recommended as healthy food because of
its nutritive value. Tomato huge losses in food production due to various diseases. Such unbearable losses have to be reduced by switching to
the methods that are green and profitable.
Keywords: Tomato, Trichoderma, Bio-control, Pythium ,antagonism
GNRSA-2020/952
ROLE OF TRICHODERMA IN AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT
S. K. SINGH AND ARCHANA SRIVASTAVA

CCR PG College, Muzaffarnagar (UP)
Department of Botany, D.G.College Kanpur,
Trichoderma as saprophytic filamentous fungi that is worldwide. It has been known for several years and produced mycoparasitism,
antibiotics, comparative saprophytic ability, the metabolitessecretions, induction of resistance against stiffness and promotion of growth in
plant. They have more biodiversity and have been broadly and versatility in nature. They have high biodiversity andhave been significantly
studied virtually more microorganism to examine and explored its antagonistic action against the phytopathogens. Trichoderma are
responsible for its biological control potential, among them maximum rizhosphere competency and prolific production of extracellular
protein and also they can degrade chitin and celluloseTrichoderma spp play an important role in the environment. They use a extensive
variety of mechanisms to colonize various ecological recess. Many Trichoderma species affect plants by plant growth, control diseases, and
protect plants from bacterial and fungal pathogens. Trichoderma is used in bio safety as a bio fuel and bioremediation. Many Trichoderma
spp. also used in many industry branches, mainly in the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other metabolites. In the present time
Trichoderma has entered the genomic epoch and segments of genome sequences are available in publicly. Trichoderma fungi have the
potential to be used for human requirements more than before.
Keyword: Trichoderma, Agriculture, Industries
GNRSA-2020/953
CHROMOSOME ABERRATION IN FABA BEANS
S.K SINGH AND NAINA SRIVASTAVA

Department of Botany, D.A.V College Dehradun
The use of pesticide for the protection of crops and stored seeds or grains from insect pest during the mitotic divisions that may lead to
aberration chromosomes. Root tips of Vicia faba were used as an experimental material. pesticide used in the modern agricultural practices
represent a very large input of toxic chemicals in our environment. Their usage has increased manifolds in disease control management
without considering their harmful side effects on plants, animals and human beings . Although the use of these chemicals has become
essential, but their ingredients have induced acute toxic effects . The toxic effect of pesticide is not necessarily a result of direct application;
some pesticides accumulate into the food to a toxic level and affect the public health . Cytotoxicity inferred when the mitotic index of treated
cells was significantly different from the control. It was observed that the overall effects of pesticides/biopeticides used in the present
investigation led to genotoxic effects which included various chromosomal aberrations like disturbed metaphase, laggards, stickiness,
abnormal anaphase, fragmentation at anaphase against different doses at long period. The pesticides are nontoxic at lower doses while higher
doses are clastogenic. Analysis of cytotoxicism indicated correlation between chromosomal damage and toxic effects of pesticides. The
indiscriminate use of pesticides should be discouraged as far as practicable. In contrast to pesticides, the biopesticides create uncontaminated
environment. The use of biopesticides is either not harmful or comparatively less harmful to agriculture and human health and is also found
ecofriendly. The results also indicated if the findings on biopesticides effects are implemented, it will benefit the farmers and in turn the
society as a whole. The use of plant material or crude plant extracts and other chemicals for the crops protection and agriculture products
protection from insect pests is as old as crop protection itself . Cytogenetic effects of synthetic chemical used for protection of plants have
been well documented. All studies confirm the injurious effects of synthetic chemicals used in agriculture but increase in pollution,that is a
global trouble
Keywords: Vicia faba, Chromosome aberration, Cytotoxicity
GNRSA-2020/954
EFFECTS OF FUNGICIDE IN SOMATIC CELLS OF BROAD BEAN
S.K SINGH AND NAINA SRIVASTAVA

Department Of Botany, D.A.V College Dehradun
The threshold dose (dose of pesticides on which they retain their fungicidal property but have little or no cytotoxic/ genotoxic effect.The
study revealed that fungicide had a detrimental effect on the test material, there was inverse relation between the mitotic index and the dosage
and time of treatment, and the direct relation between the mitotic index and the dosage and the time of treatment of percentage of
abnormalities, treatments not only brought down the frequency of dividing cells, but also produced a good number of anomalies in the mitotic
cells. There was a marked decrease in the mitotic index and gradually increase in the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities as the
concentration of the experimental solution and the time of treatment increased. The cytotoxic effects of two fungicides were assessed
employing chromosomal aberration bioassay in root tip cells . Different cytological aberrations viz. non-orientation and mis-orientation of
chromosomes and stickiness, bridges, precousious movement, laggards and fragments, diagonal spindle formation were observed in increased
frequency with increasing concentrations of funicides. These abnormalities have also been reported for several extracts and chemicals already
investigated as also observed by 7,8,9. The results revealed that in Vicia faba treated root tip cells, the metaphase stage was also the most
affected stage by extract treatment and the total percentage of its abnormalities was higher than those at other mitotic stages. In this respect,
the total percentage of abnormalities in the other mitotic stages was in the following sequence Prophase> anaphase>telophase for all
treatments. Finally, this work provides the evidence for plant extract cytotoxicity in plant cells and also confirms the efficiency of the plant
cytogenetic assays on monitoring the cytotoxicity of the plant extract. The mitotic index decreases due exposure plant extract in higher
concentration that is fungicide in 150, 300,550,800 ppm for8h show reducing effect that is 22, 21.67, 19.86, 17.98 in comparision to control
that is 22.11.
Keywords Chemical fungicide, cytotoxicity, aberrations
GNRSA-2020/955
SUGGESTIONS OF THE BENEFICIARIES OF MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE
ACT
S.N. MESARE1, P.A.SAWANT2 AND A.S.SHIGWAN3

Junior Research Assistant, Department of Extension Education Dr.BSKKV Dapoli. 415712.
The present study was conducted in Thane and Palghar districts of Konkan region of Maharashtra state with the objectives to find out the
suggestionsof the beneficiaries about Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. The sample was comprised of randomly
selected 300 beneficiaries of MGNREGA from 30 villages in six tahsils from two districts, which was personally interviewed with the help of
specially designed interview schedule. The suggestions of the Beneficiaries of Mahatma GandhiNational Rural Employment Guarantee Act
majority (93.33 per cent)the beneficiaries suggested that‘timely payment of wages’ be done and‘Payment of wages should be according to
kind of works’ (92.33 per cent),‘Extent the limit of 100 days employment guarantee’ (91.66 per cent) was the another major suggestion made
by the beneficiaries other important suggestion were ‘Additional wages for long distance work site’(89.00 per cent).
Keywords:-Suggestionsand Beneficiaries
GNRSA-2020/956
NEW PARADIGMS IN CROP PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABILITY.
SAMARJEET SINGH1 ,SHUBHI CHAURASIA2

1
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University Of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut
2
Research Scholar, Dept of Agricultural Extension Viswa-Bharti University, W.B.
“Farming is not just a job, it’s a way of life.” With depletion of natural resources, shrinking land sizes and increase in cost of input , along
with the uncertainty of various factors like weather, market prices etc, agriculture becomes a risk full profession . Now it becomes necessity
to adopt Precision farming or smart farming. As it will enable the farmers to maximize their production and minimize the cost of input the use
of Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, farmers are able to get location specific data can utilized in crop production which reduces the
cost of input .Farmers can monitor the growth of their crops, protect them from weeds, pest and diseases, fulfill the requirements of nutrients
and irrigation based upon their own location and topography. This precision can help in reducing the chemical expenditure, sustain the
environment. So we can say by placing the seeds in soil, soil, water disease and pest management and end up by picking up by the robots ,
Machine Learning is everywhere from growing to harvesting.
Keywords: Precision Farming, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, production, location specific .
GNRSA-2020/957
MULTIFUNCTIONAL FOREST MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF NORTH
BIHAR CONTEXT
SAMARKANT KUMAR BHARTI

Assistant Proffesor, J.M.V. Ajeetmal Auriya (C.S.J.M.U Kanpur)
It will be here essential to have a strong discussion in favor of multifunctional forest management in view of present scenario of North Bihar
like about combining the local communities, the National Park and local forestry officers that what type of controversy distribution and the
situation of forest in the study areas. Managing forests in such a way that user groups, sustainability practitioners and forestry institutions all
agree to but is not easy. for any reliable consensus to create like viable landscape design as procedures through which multifull functions as
production, environmental protection and recreation may be coordinated by means of imolative planning, so here needs to negotiate a set of
common objectives and shazed responsibilities. This paper examines the dimensions of multifunctional forest management and through an
exploratory case study proposes an approach for cooperative planning and make its sustainability. The case study created, developed and
validated to scenario storylines through a series of participatory process as one scenario focused on continuity of the traditional management
patterns, with an emphasis on direct goods such as timber and live stock grazing and the second concentrated on indirect ecological services,
such as soil and water protection and also more like Co 2 sequestration. This paper illustrates the difficulties in forgoing governance systems
which have the capacity and the vision to be able to put sustainable development concepts into practice, and it can get it complete sustained
as well.
Keywords:-Multifunctional forest; integrated landscape- planning; Sustainable forest management (SFM); Rural diversity, forest
management in North Bihar.
GNRSA-2020/958
INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS ON STEM CUTTINGS OF POPLAR (POPULUS
DELTOIDES)
1
SATYEN CHHETRI , 1SHARAD PANDEY AND 1DHARMVEER
1
Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
The present investigation entitled was conducted at experimental area of the Department of Forestry & Fisheries, Himgiri zee university,
Dehradun during the year 2019 and 2020. It was hypothesized in the study that different growth regulators affect the growth traits of poplar
viz: sprouting length, number of leaves, number of roots per cutting, fresh weight of shoot fresh weight of root, dry weight of shoot, dry
weight of root, and shoot diameter (cm) Under the experiment poplar plant were treated in different growth regulators solutions like; IBA,
NAA, GA3at 100, 200 and 300 ppm of concentration and there morphological and biomass traits are studied for 6 months (30, 60, 90, 120,
150, 180 days respectively).The present data concluded that the growth regulators influence every aspect of Populus deltoides with the
maximum and minimum effects. The stem cuttings are treated with IBA (100ppm) showed highest reaction compared to the NAA and GA3.
IBA treated cuttings exhibited superior plant (rooting) performance in terms of both quality and quantity. Benefit: cost ratio is calculated by
dividing the total returns obtained with the total cost involved during the cultivation. The lowest benefit: cost ratio (0.59) is obtained with
application of IBA 300ppm due to its higher rate @ Rs. 18/unit. The maximum benefit: cost ratio (1.85) was obtained by (T 4), with the
treatment of NAA 100ppm.So treatment of IBA may provide more benefit if the farmer will tend to sell the wood of poplar at its harvesting
age, as IBA provided the maximum biomass and also improved other growth traits of Populus deltoides. Application of NAA could only be
better for short duration of crop as compare to other treatments.
GNRSA-2020/959
VEGETABLES AS EFFECTIVE IMMUNITY BOOSTERS
SAURABH TOMAR1, MEENAKSHI KUMARI1* AND JOGINDER SINGH2

1
2
Department of Horticulture, J. V. College, Baraut, C.C.S. University, Meerut-250001,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Those plants which can be used as an alternative of medicine i.e. as a herbal medicine is known as medicinal plants. Vegetables are rich
source of various ingredients which can be used in drug development either pharmacopoeial, non- pharmacopoeial or synthetic drugs.
Vegetables hold an important place in well-balanced diets. Modulation of immune functions using medicinal plants and their products as a
possible therapeutic measure has become an accepted therapeutic approach. Vegetables like eggplant, bell peppers, beetroots, spinach and
cauliflower are rich in vitamin C and are good for immunity. Green leafy vegetables, kale contain immunity booster’s substance that one can
include in the diet for proper development. Quercetin is a bioflavonoid found in various vegetables like in onion and garlic which prevents
cancer.
Keywords: Vegetable, Immunity, Benefits, diet
GNRSA-2020/960
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT INSECTICIDES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLY IN CUCUMBER
SAURAV GUPTA1, VINOD GUPTA2, ABHAY KUMAR SINHA3 AND NEERJA SHARMA4
1, 2, 3 & 4 Scientists Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Samba, SKUAST-J, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of
Jammu (J&K)
The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rajouri during Kharif 2016-17 and Kharif 2017-18 with an
objective to study the major insect pest of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and their control by eco-friendly pest management practices. During
Kharif 2016-17 and 2017-18, the major insect pest attacking cucumber at RARS, Rajouri were identified and recorded and also evaluated the
extent of damage. The results revealed that significantly lowest number of ovipositional punctures (0.77 and 0.96 /fruit), lowest number of
maggots (8.10 and 8.97 /fruit), lowest percent fruit infestation (14.96 and 17.98 %) and highest marketable fruit yield (15.53 and 16.47 t/ha.)
was recorded in the treatment with spinosad 45 SC (0.15 ml/l) during 2016-17 &2017-18, respectively and it was on par with the treatment
Gur poison bait in which 1.02 and 1.11 mean number of ovipositional punctures, 9.33 and 9.57 mean number of maggots per fruit, 18.21 and
21.68 mean percent of fruit infestation, 13.91 and 14.68 tonnes/ ha. of fruit yield was recorded during 2016-17 & 2017-18, respectively.
However, highest number of ovipositional punctures (2.74 and 3.06 /fruit), highest number of maggots (19.11 and 19.69 /fruit), highest
percent of fruit infestation (46.87 and 56.77 %) and lowest marketable fruit yield (10.82 and 9.54 t/ha.) was obtained in the control during
2016-17 & 2017-18, respectively. These insects have been managed by applying various insecticides reported by several workers but there is
a need to explore alternative methods for control and to develop an integrated control strategy for effective management of fruit fly. The
general goal of this study is to develop a complete eco-friendly pest management practices by proper identification of the pest and ensure
optimal use of chemical pesticides and minimum environmental contamination to maintain crop production.
Keywords: Cucumber, Fruit fly, insecticides, ecofriendly pest management practices.
GNRSA-2020/961
EVALUATION OF BIOEFFICACY OF NEW INSECTICIDES AGAINST GRAM POD BORER ON GRAM
SAURAV GUPTA1, VINOD GUPTA2 , ABHAY KUMAR SINHA3 AND NEERJA SHARMA4
1, 2, 3 and 4, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Samba, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Gram Pod Boreris a very destructive and serious pest of Gram and causes serious damage to gram. They feed on leaves and tender shoot s
and bore into the pod to feed on seeds, sometimes half of the body remains outside the pod if the pod is small. One larva may feed on
several fruits before completing development. In severe infestation cases, it causes about 55-90% losses in seed yield. Gram is the important
pulse crop grown in Rabi season by the farmers of District Kathua.Every year infestation due to Pod borer in gram causes huge economic loss
results in low yield. Therefore, KVK-Kathua had conducted On Farm Trials during rabi 2017-18 and rabi2018-19 at farmer’s field to assess
the efficacy of insecticides for the management of Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Gram.On the basis of three treatments assessed
i.e. (a) Farmer’s practice (No Spray) (b) Cypermethrin 25EC @1.5ml./lt. of water (recommended) (c) Indoxacarb 14.5Sc @1ml. /lt. of
water(Intervention). The results of OFT during 2017-18 revealed that use of Indoxacarb 14.5Sc @ 1ml. /lt. of water was observed to be
superior resulting in 74.46% reduction in damage to pods of Gram and increased the grain yield to an extent of 47.36% over farmers practice
(No spray) followed by Cypermethrin 25EC @1.5ml./lt. of water resulting in 67.69% reduction in damage to pods of Gram and increased the
grain yield to an extent of 34.21% over farmers practice (No spray) and the results of OFT during 2018-19 revealed that use of Indoxacarb
14.5Sc @ 1ml. /lt. of water was observed to be superior resulting in 71.42% reduction in damage to pods of Gram and increased the grain
yield to an extent of 55.55% over farmers practice (No spray) followed by Cypermethrin 25EC @1.5ml./lt. of water resulting in 61.03%
reduction in damage to pods of Gram and increased the grain yield to an extent of 38.88% over farmers practice (No spray). In terms of cost
benefits Indoxacarb 14.5Sc was the best. Therefore, the use of Indoxacarb 14.5Sc @ 1ml. /lt. of water can be recommended for control of pod
borer under rainfed conditions of Kathua.
Keywords: Gram Pod Borer, On Farm Trial, Heliciverpa armigera,Indoxacarb, Cypermethrin
GNRSA-2020/962
NEMATODE COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO WASTEWATER IRRIGATION IN AN AGRO-ECOSYSTEM NEAR HISAR
HARYANA
SHIKHA AHALAVAT* AND PUNEET KUMAR**

*Department of Zoology & Aquaculture, COBS&H, CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana)
**Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP)
A study was performed to evaluate the effects of wastewater irrigation on nematode communities of agro-ecosystem. Soil samples were
collected at a depth of 0-20cm using a steel corer of 5cm diameter from the distances of 5, 10, 20 and 40m from the source which was engine
pump used for supplying wastewater for irrigation directly into the crop. The crop at the time of sampling was Brassica sps. The nematodes
were identified and assigned to various guilds according to standard procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel and
SPSS. The total concentration of heavy metals Zinc, Lead and copper as well total organic carbon was determined at different sampling
distances and correlated with various parameters for nematological assessment. A total of 36 nematode genera belonging to six orders and
seventeen families were identified. Acrobeles was the most abundant genus at all distances. The concentration of the heavy metals vis a vis
nematode population was highest at distance of 10m and lowest at distance of 40m from the source. Shannon’s diversity index (H’, generic
level), Maturity index (MI), Trophic diversity index (TDI), Channel index (CI), Enrichment index (EI) and Structure index (SI) were
calculated for assessing diversity and soil food web conditions at different distances. Total number of nematodes correlated positively
(p<0.05) with heavy metal concentration. Other indices also showed significant correlations with different parameters in the study.
Key words: Nematode Community Structure, Wastewaters, Agro-ecosystem, Maturity index.
GNRSA-2020/963
CORRELATION STUDIES IN F1 SEGREGATING GENERATION OF SOYBEAN
SHUBHANGI K. MARASKOLE1, PRADNYA P. BAMBODKAR2, AND S. R. KAMDI3

1
Section of Agricultural Botany, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra (India)
2
Section of Agricultural Botany, COA Nagpur, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra (India)
Eight F3populations and one check (JS 335) of soybean were evaluated at experimental farm of Agricultural Botany Section, College of
Agriculture, Nagpur during kharif 2018-19 using randomized block design with 3 replications. The objectives of thestudy were to investigate
the correlations among seven characters of soybean which will be used for the selection of seed yield in early generations. The data
regarding seven characters viz., days to first flower, plant height, days to maturity, number of branches plant -1, number of pods plant-1,
hundred seed weight and seed yield plant-1 were evaluated for phenotypic- genotypic correlations. Yield plant-1 showed highly significant
positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations for number of pods plant-1 (rg=0.840**, rp=0.645) and 100 seed weight (rg=0.877**,
rp=0.738**) which indicates the importance of these characters during selection in breedingprogramme.
Key words: Soybean, Correlation, Yield
GNRSA-2020/964
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THEIR ROLE IN HUMAN NUTRITION, HIDDEN HUNGER
AND FOOD SECURITY.
SHWETA CHAUDHARY
E-mail: shwetachaudharybaby@gmail.com
Department of food and nutrition, School for home sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (a Central University) University.Vidya vihar,
Raebareli road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
Food is essential for every organism to produce and build up. Plants are the major supply of food as they are at the substructure of the food
pyramid. The vital food sources are plant products. The human body requires adequate amounts of energy and a variety of nutrients to
facilitate proper growth and development. The nutritional requirement varies with age and is directly associated to genetics, physiology,
gender, and the environment in which the human being lives.If the body receives less or more than is required, to the point that health is badly
affected, it is interpreted as bad nutrition or malnutrition. The development, manufacture, and advertising of GM foods and animals were
primarily performed due to concerns over crop protection. Both producers and consumers supposed that GM foods could be valuable,
nutritious, and useful for overcoming the future food shortage. There are many complex studies being carried out around the world
independently to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of GM foods. In this paper, we attempt to summarize up-to-date knowledge
about the role of GM food in improving human nutrition, combating the problem of hidden hunger, malnutrition and ensuring foo d security.
We also highlighted the current scenario of GM food and global hunger with respect to India.
Keywords: genetically modified food human nutrition, hidden hunger, malnutrition and food security
GNRSA-2020/965
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF EXTRACTION FROM RHIZOME OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE (GINGER)
SINGH JYOTSANA AND AMAR P. GARG

School of Biological Engineering and Life Sciences, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University),
Modipuram, Meerut (UP) India, 250110
Different methods of extraction were used and centrifugation method was found best in the study. The result was found best with ginger. This
abstract presents the advantage and disadvantage of different extraction methods. Extraction is the first step to separate the natural products
from the raw materials. Extraction method include solvent extraction, distillation method, pressing and sublimation according to the
extraction principle. In this study we use Ginger (Zingiber officinale); Family-Zingiberaceae. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely cultivated
for its medicinal uses and a condiment. Traditionally ginger is used to treat several diseases like common cold, headache, muscular and
rheumatic disorders. Ginger contains gingerol, which has powerful medicinal properties. Gingerol is the main bioactive compound in ginger.
It is responsible for much ginger’s medicinal properties. Gingerol has powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. Ginger (zingiber
officinal Roscoe) is a rhizomatous perennial herb, reaching up to 90 cm long. Phytochemicals are natural compounds which present in plants,
vegetables and fruits that works with nutrients and fibres to act against disease or more specially to protect against diseases.
Key words: Extraction Methods,Zingiber officinale
GNRSA-2020/966
UTILIZATION OF UNCOMMON GRAINS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRIENT RICH FOOD PRODUCTS
STUTI SRIVASTAVA*, SADHNA SINGH*, DEEPTIGIRI* AND RAJNI SINGH**

*Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Science, NDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, **Rajat P.G College Lucknow
The present study was conducted to collect information regarding physical, nutritional and product development of uncommon grains used in
Barabanki and Sultanpur district of eartern U.P.So as to ensure nutritional security. Total six grains were identified as being uncommon
namely sanwa, kodo/kodai, kakun/cheena, Madua/Ragi, Ramdana/cholaidna, Tisi/alsi/tikhur. All there uncommon grains were found
throughout the year. The average length grains were ranged from 0.26 to 0.43 cm. and average weight of 100 grains ranged from 2.25to 7.3
g. Among the grains maximum crude protein was found in Ramdana. (13.40%) followed by Rakun (11.20%), kodo (9.80%), Tisi (8.29%),
Madua (7.7%) and Sanwa (4.60%). Fat content of grains ranged from (3.39 to 7.60) Productpreparefrom uncommon grains were laddoo,
kheer, cheela,utpam cutlet, buri etc. 21.37 and minimum were observed in sanwameethacheela, highest fat content were observed in
kukunburfi (47.28%). Maximum fiber found in Sanwa kheer (24.39) and minimum were observed in ragihalwa (0.98). The developed
products were subjected for sensory evaluation. Most of the product were like very much by panel members.The cost per 100 gm of
developed products was also determiend.
GNRSA-2020/967
DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRITIOUS PARANTHA USING COARSE CEREALS AND TULSI LEAVES POWDER
SUMAN* AND SAROJ DAHIYA

Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
The present investigation was undertaken to develop paranthas from six types of composite flours of coarse cereals with and without tulsi
leaves powder. The paranthapreparedfrom composite flours of blanched pearl millet: sorghum: dehusked oat: germinated chickpea in ratios
of 60:10:10:20 (Type-II) and blanched pearl millet: sorghum: dehusked oat: germinated chickpea: tulsi leaves in ratios of 60:10:10:15:5
(Type-V) were organoleptically most acceptable and fell in the category of ‘liked moderately’. Nutritional value of parantha prepared from
composite flours of coarse cereals with and without tulsi leaves powder was significantly higher than control wheat parantha.
Supplementation of tulsi leaves powder at 5% level further increased the nutritional value in respect of crude fibre, ash, total dietary fibre,
soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre, total and available minerals (calcium, iron and zinc), in vitro protein and starch digestibility
and antioxidants activity (total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity) of coarse cereals parantha. Consumption of
coarse cereals in the form of traditional functional foods will encourage farmers to grow them for providing food and nutritional security to
the masses. The addition of the tulsi leaves powder increased the health-promoting qualities of parantha and makes it desired by the
consumers.
Key words: Coarse cereals, tulsi, parantha, nutritional, antioxidant.
GNRSA-2020/968
STUDY THE EFFECT OF PEG 6000 ON BRASSICA GENOTYPES GERMINATION AND GROWTH PARAMETERS UNDER
DROUGHT CONDITION
SUMITRA BURANIYA*, N.K. GUPTA, BASANT KUMAR, DADRWAL#B.L. KAKRALYA

*Research scholar, Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, India,
#
Research Scholar- Department of plant physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi -221005
*
Corresponding author: sumitraburaniya1993@gmail.com
The experiment entitled growth parameters under drought in mustard genotypes was conducted during rabi 2017 at seed technology research,
RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur. Ten genotypes of mustard were taken for study which includes RB 50, RGN 48, Urvashi, Geeta, RH 819, RGN
229, RH 406, RH 749, NRCHB 101 and NRCDR 02. These genotypes were grown in plastic pots and drought conditions were created by
irrigating the pots with PEG 6000. The controlled plants were irrigated with distilled water. Observations on growth parameters such as shoot
length, root length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor index I and seedling vigor index II were recorded at 10 and 20 DAS. It was observed
that PEG induced drought conditions reduced the seedling length, weight, and seedling vigour index significantly in all the genotypes. The
genotypic difference was also found significant. RGN 229 perform best both under control and PEG induced water stress.
Keywords: Drought, PEG, growth parameters
GNRSA-2020/969
EVALUATION OF DUAL PURPOSE SORGHUM AND COWPEA INTERCROPPING UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
SUNIL KUMAR MISHRA, VIKAS SHRAMA, DEEPAK KUMAR, ROHIT SHARMA, RAJESH KUMAR, ABHAY K. SINHA
AND SAURAV GUPTA
RARS, SKUAST-J, Rajouri
Field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons (2017, 2018 and 2019) under rain-fed conditions of Rajouri district in Jammu &
Kashmir, to investigate the agronomic evaluation of dual purpose sorghum and cowpea intercropping under rainfed condition . The
experiment consisted of eight treatments; Sole sorghum crop, sole cowpea crop and six spatial arrangements of 1:1, 1:2 3:1 and 1:1, 1:2, 1:3
rows for sorghum alternated with cowpea. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Land
Equivalent Ratio (LER) was used to evaluate the productivity. In general, the results indicated that yield significant differences among the
spatial arrangements. 2:2 arrangement obtained the highest values of grain yield (958 kg/ha), sorghum hay weight (315.5q/ha) and combined
total hay weight (557.15q/ha) for both sorghum and cowpea. Moreover, the best total LER (2.11) was obtained under 1:1 spatial arrangement.
Keywords - Intercropping, Cowpea, Sorghum, Land Equivalent Ratio and Yield
GNRSA-2020/970
CHARACTERIZATION OF PRACTICES FOR LIVELIHOOD ASSESSMENT IN REGION – A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT
JAMMU
SUNIL KUMAR, AMRIT LAL MEENA, PEYUSH PUNIA, RAGHVENDRA KJ & A.S. PANWAR
The study was conducted to identify the present status of existing practices and its impacts on farmer’s livelihood in comparison to organic,
inorganic and integrated farming. Following three stage sampling procedure, a total of 120 farmers (40 organic, farming, 40 inorganic and 40
integrated farming) were selected from the study area of Jammu district on the basis of having interventions from the different SKUATS
institutes. Descriptive statistics were derived and calculated for analyzing the socio-economic data. Propensity score matching (PSM) was
applied with kernel matching and radius matching methods to assess the impact of organic, inorganic and integrated farming on farmers
employment creation and income generation. The result of baseline survey showed that out of 12 sample farmers: less than 0.02 ha of
cultivated land are landless (15%), marginal (18%) small (44%) medium (14%) and large (09%) were present. The highest employment
duration for male was 152.5-man days/year for farming system C-L-P-H under integrated farms and for organic and inorganic it was 125.5-
and 104.5-man days /years respectively. The higher returns from the cropping system pulse-mustard-wheat with B:C ratio 2.03 and rice-
maize-vegetable id 1.97. Average calorie intake of food secure households was 2910kcal, 2793 kcal and 2854 kcal for integrated and mixed
farming. To assess the livelihood pattern through asset pentagon approach, net worthy improvement was found based on different capitals of
farm households practicing integrated farming in comparison to organic and inorganic farming. Finally based on different problems a
constraint facing index was calculated in order to suggest policy recommendation.
Key word: livelihood, employment, integrated farming, organic production
GNRSA-2020/971
ROLE OF DAIRY BASED FARMER PRODUCER COMPANIES IN CAPACITY BUILDING AND DOUBLING FARMERS
INCOME
SUNIL KUMAR*1 AND GOPAL SANKHALA2
1
PhD research scholar, Dairy Extension Division, ICAR-NDRI Karnal, 132001
2
Principal Scientist, Dairy Extension Division, ICAR-NDRI Karnal, 132001
India is experiencing a paradigm shift from a social welfare to welfare capitalism. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to frame a policy that
focuses on “collectivisation of farmers for capitalisation". The journey has led from the “Cooperative Movement” to the “New Producer
Company Movement” where the structure of the cooperative societies and the efficiency of a private company is combined. The concept of
the FPC was introduced by a committee headed by economist Y.K. Alagh in the year 2000, and in 2003, the producer company act was
passed by incorporating Part IX-A into the company act, 1956. In recent years, the concept has gained major attention across Indian. Indian
government providing special support for the promotion and formation of farmer producer companies. But the question to be asked is how
much the new policy on Farmer Producer Organisations focus on the involvement and participation of farmers and how much it is success at
ground level. Considering the above issues, the present study entitled “An appraisal of dairy-based farmer producer companies in India”
is proposed with the specific objectives of the role of FPCs in capacity building of stakeholders. The proposed study was conducted in Uttar
Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh, as these three states are major milk-producing states of India as well as having the highest number
of dairy-based farmer producers. Four farmer producer companies from each state were selected randomly. A sample size of 25 farmers from
each farmer producer companies and 5 official people was selected, thus constituting a sample size of 360 for the study. The data were
collected both from primary and secondary sources and a semi-structured interview schedule was developed for the purpose. The study found
that that FPCs play a significant role in the capacity building of stakeholders regarding scientific dairy farming practices, processing and
marketing of milk and milk product and have a significant impact on the overall socio-economic development of member farmers and
enhanced their livelihood wellbeing. Farmer producer companies are effective pathways for addressing different farmer's challenges,
effective tools for gender empowerment, and finally, it is an important grass root level institution for the overall socio-economic development
of farmers communities in India.
GNRSA-2020/972
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY LANDSCAPING: A WAY TO MITIGATE POLLUTION IN URBAN VICINITY AREAS
SUNITA KUMARI, SANTOSH KUMAR AND C.P. SINGH
Department of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
The current population of India is 133 million of which 32.8 per cent of the population dwells in urban. If the current population dweller and
movement in urban areas, India would have 170 million and 47.8 per cent in 2050. Due to uncontrolled urbanization in India, environmental
degradation has been occurring very rapidly and causing many problems like worsening water quality, excessive air pollution, noise, dust and
heat, and of disposal of solid wastes and hazardous wastes. Urban/environment friendly landscaping is the best method for mitigating the
environmental degradation. About 33 per cent of our surrounding environment is desired to be green. However, in reality only 3-5 per cent of
the area in majority of the Indian cities is under greenery. Not much attention is given to urban landscaping in India. For instance,
Chandigarh, one of India’s planned and green cities has 28 per cent of its geographical area as green. In urban areas, green roofs and green
walls can also provide environmental benefits by protecting buildings against solar radiation and temperature fluctuations and by reducing
building’s energy consumption by direct shading. Among different landscaping options, green wall or vertical garden is potential sector
which refers to all forms of vegetated wall surfaces. In the current urban development, vertical greening occupies a small area, but has a good
effect, beautifies the environment and can enhance the artistic aesthetics of the building, so that the living environment becomes more clean,
lively, vivid andenergy-saving as compared to bare wall. The living wall and green facade reduced indoor temperature up to 4.0 and 3.0°C,
respectively. Green roofs are vegetated roof surfaces covered partially or entirely with living plants. The temperature differences between
green roof and reference roof slabs had reached to 14.2ºC for maximum temperature and 16ºC for minimum temperature.Thus, environment
friendly landscaping can act as important tool for improving urban environment quality.
Key words:- Environment,degradation,landscaping , pollution, urbanization
GNRSA-2020/973
SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN IL22 AND C4A GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH MILK
PRODUCTION, UDDER AND TEAT TYPE TRAITS IN BOSTAURUSCORRBRED AND BOSINDICUSCATTLE
SUSHIL KUMAR, NISHA SHARMA, REVANASIDDU DEGINAL, ANSHUMAN KUMAR, ARCHANAVERMA AND
I.D.GUPTA*
Molecular Genetics Lab, Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
India is the highest dairy animal producer but the quality and quantity of milk is less compared to developed countries. For improving the
quality, oneof the strategy is to identify the SNP markers from candidate genes and used as aid for future animals breeding policies. With this
aim the study was conducted to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from bovine candidate genes of IL22 and C4A, and to
explore those SNPs associations with the milk production, udder and teat confirmatory traits.For this study samples collected from 123 Boss
tauruscrossbred (Karan-Fries) and 133Boss indicus(Sahiwal indigenous) lactating cows were maintained at Livestock Research Center,
ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana. Therefore, total of 256 genomic DNAs were isolated for PCR-RFLP and screened following SNPs
(rs385236794, rs29003649, rs458036541 and rs110495739) of IL22 gene and (rs137485678 and rs132741478) of C4A gene. Simultaneously,
phenotypic data were collected for all 256 animals and we found that total of seventeen types of udder and teat confirmatory traits and four
types of milk production trait. In the HWE test found that all the six SNPs showed polymorphic and deviating (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in both
IL22 and C4A gene. In the results, the GG genotype at SNP locus rs110495739 of IL22 gene exhibited tight association with fore udder
attachment in Sahiwal cattle and AA genotype at SNP locus rs137485678 of C4A gene association with more udder depth in Karan Fries
cattle. However, association (P<0.01 and P < 0.05) with monthly milk yields and udder and teat type traits (front teat length (FTL), central
ligament (CL), teat circumference (TC), rear teat length (RTL), distance between left and right teats (DLR), shortest distance from rear teat
ends to floor (SDR) and fore teat ends to floor (SDF) and teat diameter (TD) was observed to be significantly associated with all these SNPs
except one (rs132741478). Finally, we concluded that TC trait with SNPs of rs458036541 of IL22 and rs137485678 of C4A genes can be
utilized as markers for future selection aid for higher monthly milk yield and desired udder confirmations traits in boththe Karan Fries and
Sahiwal Cattle.
Keywords - Association; C4A; IL22; Genotype, Karan Fries; Milk production trait; Sahiwal; SNP; Udder and Teat Type Traits
GNRSA-2020/974
GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT AS INFLUENCED BY GROWTH RETARDANT PACLOBUTRAZOL
TRIVENI U*, ANURADHA N , PATRO T.S.S.K AND RANI Y.S

Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Agricultural Research Station,
Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh 535 001
Groundnut is the major oilseed crop in India and plays a major role in bridging the vegetable oil deficit in the country. Groundnut is
occupying 38.9 Lakh ha area during kharif season with 80% of production concentrated mostly in five major states viz., Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Maharashtra. Over the years groundnut area has been decreasing significantly. Among various causes of
yield reduction, excessive vegetative growth is one of the important factors particularly in high rainfall areas. As it is a semi determinate
crop, it will continue its vegetative growth even after reaching the flowering stage. Lukitas (2005) and Khasanah and Purnamawati (2007)
reported that only 26-68% of gynophores have become filled pods and rest of the gynophores remain aerially or produce ill-filled pods.
Hence physiological modification using growth retardant is one method to maximize assimilate transfer for filling of the pods. Paclobutrazol
is one such growth retardant belongs to the triazole family.It is popularly known for its antagonistic action against growth hormone
gibberellins which play a major role in cell division and cell elongation. However, only few studies have carried out on time of application
and concentration of paclobutrazol. Keeping this in view, an experiment was conducted to know the effect of paclobutrazol on growth and
productivity of groundnut at Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh. Experiment was laid out in split plot design
during kharif, 2020 with various concentrations of paclobutrazol along with control as main plots and time of application as sub plots. Results
obtained from the study revealed that Paclobutrazol @200ppm concentration has significantly reduced plant height by 57% compared to
control. However, superior yield attributes, higher pod and haulm yields were recorded in paclobutrazol@50 ppm concentration. With
increase in the concentration of paclobutrazol, yield attributing characters of groundnut decreased significantly. Among various times of
spraying, two sprays at 30 and 50 days after emergence were significantly decreased plant height of groundnut but have negative influence on
yield attributing characters and yield.
Keywords: Groundnut; Paclobutrazol; Productivity; Growth retardant
GNRSA-2020/975
QUANTIFYING ANNUAL FARMER INCOME IN ALL 9-AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF UTTAR PRADESH
TARUN KUMAR MAHESHWARI1 AND ASHOK TRIPATHI 2
Uttar Pradesh is situated in northern India. The population of the state was about 200 million as per census of 2011, The gross area of the
Uttar Pradesh is 24.2 million hectare, out of which 16.68 million hectare is the net sown area The average size holding per farmer was only
0.83 ha. Farm power is an essential input in agricultural production system to operate different types of equipment for timely field completion
of agricultural works to increase productivity and maintain sustainability of farm. The mobile power is used for different field jobs like land
preparation, sowing, weeding, spraying, and harvesting etc., whereas stationary power is used for lifting water, operating irrigation
equipment, threshing, cleaning and grading of agricultural produce. The main sources of mobile power are human, draught animal, tractors,
power tiller and self-propelled machines (combines, dozers, reapers, sprayers and etc.) where as the source of stationary power is oil engines
and electric motors. For completion of timely farm operations, there is need to increase agricultural power acquirable from the present level
of 1.75 kW per hectare to 4 kW per hectare by 2030. By 2020, in Uttar Pradesh, it is hope that about 70 per cent of unit farm operations i.e.
tillage, sowing/planting, irrigation and threshing for all main crops will be fully mechanized and other unit operations for various crops will
be mechanized up to 24–29 per cent. All 75-districts of UP may be stratified into 9-agro climatic zones strata, each zone consisting of many
districts. The Uttar Pradesh is covered by into 9-agro climatic zones, 1. Bhabar and Tarai Zone 2. Western Plain Zone 3. Mid Western Plain
Zone 4. South Western Semi-Arid Zone, 5. Central Zone, 6. Bundelkhand Zone, 7. North Eastern Plain Zone, 8. Eastern Plain Zone and 9.
Vindhyan Zone. Finally primary data was collected from all 9-agro-climatic zones for agricultural mechanization status i.e. 600 farmers and
40 farmers in each selected district in each agro-climatic zone as per the prepared proforma. In this present study, annual farmer income was
determined in all 9-agro climatic zones of Uttar Pradesh. The average value of farmer income in 2018-19 Central Zone, Eastern Plain Zone,
South Western Semi-Arid Zone, Bundelkhand Zone, Bhabhar and Tarai Zone, Mid-Western Plain Zone, North Eastern Plain Zone, Vindhyan
Zone, and Western Plain Zone were Rs. 148892, Rs, 118300, Rs.154000, Rs.119852, Rs. 270000, Rs. 294651, Rs. 158500, Rs. 254575 and
Rs. 335500 rupees respectively and was found 196320 in Uttar Pradesh. The farm power was highest in Western Plain Zone and was lowest
in Eastern Plain Zone. The highest and lowest value of annual farmer income was Rs. 335500 and Rs.118300 respectively.
Keywords: Annual Income, Agro-Climatic Zones, Agricultural worker, Uttar Pradesh
GNRSA-2020/976
SHIITAKE MUSHROOM (LENTINULA EDODES): A SOURCE OF NUTRACEUTICALS
UMARA RAHMANI, GOPAL SINGH AND SATPAL SINGH

Department of Plant Pathology, SVPUA&T, Meerut
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, commonly known as the Shiitake or Black Oak Mushroom, is second most widely grown species of
mushrooms in the world. It grows naturally on fallen wood of broadleaf forestsbut recently there is a trend to cultivate it on sterilised or
pasteurised substrates in order to increase yield and reduce the time of its culture cycle. It can grow in winter season and also it can grow all
the year in controlled condition. Shiitake mushroom contain vitamins, particularly niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, biotin, vitamin C and vitamin
D. and have nutraceuticals & medicinal properties. A nutraceuticals can be defined as a substance that may be considered a food or part of a
food that provides medical or health benefits like the prevention and treatment of disease. Shiitake mushroom have a wide variety of
bioactive molecules including terpenoids, steroids, phenols, nucleotides and their derivatives, glycoproteins and polysaccharides which
exhibit antitumour, antiviral, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypotensive activities. The antitumour
properties are attributed to the polysaccharides Lentinan and Emitanin. In Japan, lentinan is approved for use as a drug to prolong the lives of
patients undergoing chemotherapy for stomach cancer. Shiitake also posses antiviral activity against HIV and Hepatitis B. Lentinan produces
its biological effects, including anti-tumor effects, anti-bacterial effects (tuberculosis) and anti-viral effects (HIV), not by attacking cancer
cells, bacteria or viruses directly, but activating different immune responses in the host. Shiitake mushroom because of their high fibre
content, proteins, microelements and low caloric value, are almost ideal for diets designed to prevent cardiovascular diseases and it can lower
both blood pressure and free cholesterol in plasma, as well as accelerate accumulation of lipids as a result fights obesity. Shiitake mushrooms
contain 8 percent of your daily recommended selenium intake which improve skin and bone health. Shiitake mushroom represents a major
and untapped source of potent new pharmaceutical products.In developing countries like India mushroom progress is a boon in the field of
food, medicine, and in generating employment.
Key word: Nutraceuticals; Antitumour; Antibiotic; Hypoglycaemic, Hypocholesterolemic; Lentinan; Emitanin; Tuberculosis; HIV; Hepatitis
B; Cardiovascular diseases.
GNRSA-2020/977
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF INDIAN SOYBEAN
UTKARSHA P. GAWARE1, KALPANA KUMARI1, PARESH P. BAVISKAR2 AND AKASH D. DHUNDE3

1
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra (India)
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra (India)
The study analyzes the growth and instability in terms of area, production, productivity and trade of soybean crop in India. Decomposition
analysis of area, production and productivity of Indian soybean is also carried out. For the purpose of study, a time series data of 20 years
(1998-99 to 2017-18) was taken through secondary sources and the data was further divided into three sub-periods. The growth rates were
calculated using exponential function. The instability was measured with coefficient of variation (CV) and Cuddy Della Valle’s Instability
index. Minhas decomposition model was used to estimate the relative contribution of area and yield to change in output. The study concludes
that, the growth rates of area, production and productivity had positive growth rates for all the study periods except for productivity during
period III, which showed a negative growth of 1.64 per cent per annum. The growth of soybean trade had an increasing positive trend towards
the period II. Excluding the export quantity with a negative growth of 3.87 per cent per annum during period I, export value, import quantity
and import value had shown positive growth rates. The instability in area, production and productivity of soybean was observed in almost all
the periods. The highest instability was found during overall period of the study for area, production and productivity. It might be due to the
crop largely dependent on vagaries of nature which caused heavy losses. The highest instability in export quantity was observed during
period I, while the highest instability in import quantity was recorded during overall period followed by import value and export quantity.
The Percent contribution of area effect was more responsible for soybean production in India. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the
sustainable soybean production in India and to take up productivity enhancing measures in soybean crop like varietal improvement,
appropriate technologies, encourage people to cultivate soybean in large area, etc.
GNRSA-2020/978
SIGNIFICANCE OF CROP RESIDUE IN CROP PRODUCTION
VINAY KUMAR SINGH

Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture Extension
School of Agriculture Sciences, Career Point University, Kota, Rajathan
Crop Residue management through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by maintaining SOM levels.
Crop residue management also provides seasonal soil protection from wind and rain erosion, adds organic matter to the soil, conserves soil
moisture, and improves infiltration, aeration and tilth. Crop residue of common agricultural crops are important resources, not only as sources
of nutrients for succeeding crops and hence agricultural productivity, but also for improved soil, water and air quality. The development of
effective CRM systems depends on a thorough understanding of factors that control residue decomposition and their careful application
within a specific crop production system. Maintaining and managing Crop residue in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many
producers and more importantly to society. Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of
their beneficial role in reducing soil degradation and increasing soil productivity. Removing crop residues affects water and nutrient cycling,
which if not accounted for, can have unexpected consequences on other crop production factors. For example, discussed how solutions to one
problem can result in a cascade of unexpected impacts. One of the primary effects of excessive crop residue harvest is increased erosion, but
it can also result in soil surface crusting, reduced water infiltration and increased water stress. Collectively, these impacts can also reduce
nutrient efficiency and increase pest problems.
Key Words- Conservation, residue, productivity, degradation, impact etc.
GNRSA-2020/979
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL BETA- CAROTENE ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND UDDER HEALTH
BENEFITS IN DAIRY CATTLE
VINOD BHATESHWAR*1 AND HANUMAN LAL NEHRA2

1
Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, INDIA
2
Department of Livestock Production Management, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur - 303329, INDIA
Beta-carotene (BETA) is a pro-vitamin of vitamin A. Beta-carotene (C40 H56) belongs to the family carotenoids. Carotenoids are natural
coloured pigments which are biosynthesised by higher plants, bacteria, algae, and yeasts. The conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A is
between 8:1 and 12:1 on a weight basis. Mammalian species such as cattle and horses absorb β- carotene intact more compared to sheep,
goats and rabbits which absorb a minimal quantity. Cows fed supplemental beta-carotene have exhibited a reduced interval to the first estrus,
increased conception rates and reduced frequency of follicular cysts compared to animals receiving only vitamin A. Compromised udder
health, which is directly related to mastitis, is one of the most economically important conditions in dairy herds. It is the single highest cause
of premature culling. Cattle with reduced concentrations of plasma beta-carotene and vitamin A scored higher on the California mastitis test
(CMT). Supplemental beta-carotene reduced the incidence of new udder infections acquired during the dry period and reduced the somatic
cell counts (SCC) in cattle during the lactation period.
Keywords: Beta-carotene, Reproduction, Mastitis, Somatic cell counts
GNRSA-2020/980
IMPROVED NUTRIENT CYCLING AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH AGROFORESTRY
*
VISHNU K. SOLANKI1, VINITA PARTE1, RANAWAT J.S.2 AND BAJPAI R.1,
1
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, (M.P.), India
2
Chaudhary Charan Singh Hisar Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana
Agroforestry which is a form of multiple land use system should be adopted and encouraged. This practice helps in increasing productivity,
improving nutrient cycling and also improving the socio-economic status of farmers. Apart of meeting rural wood based demands, agro
forestry system helps in improvement of soil fertility as a long term benefit. Soil provides anchorage for the plants and much of the raw
materials-water, nutrients and oxygen important for plant growth. Nutrient accumulation in the trees, their removal during the tree harvesting,
nutrient return through litter fall and improvement in soil nutrient level of different cropping system. The amelioration of soil properties and
overall increase in nutrient level below the trees. It is envisaged that agroforestry can play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility, the
evidence from most indigenous agroforestry systems as recognized by the farmers show a positive trend in the maintenance of soil fertility
furthermore one of the main tenets of agroforestry is that nitrogen fixing trees enhance soil fertility.
Key words - Agroforestry, Plants, Soil fertility, Productivity, Fertility, Nutrient cycling, Nitrogen fixing trees.
GNRSA-2020/981
ANALYSIS OF NUTRIENT STATUS IN MODIFIED FLOATING DRUM MODEL AND FERRO-CEMENTED
DHEENABANDHU BIOGAS PLANTS
B. GOWTHAM SINGH1*, V. SRIKANTH1, RAJENDRA BAIRWA2, CH.V.V. SATYANARAYANA3

1College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, ANGRAU, Guntur, A.P.
3
Professor and Former Associate Dean at CAE, Madakasira, Bapatla and CFST, Bapatla
In India, a program of biogas development has been underway for a number of years under the auspices of khadi and village industries
commission (KVIC). Several educational and research institutions have been engaged in various aspects of biogas plant design, construction,
installation and maintenance techniques, as also cheaper feed stock materials usage for gas plants.Biogas is mainly used for cooking, lighting
and running engines for water pumping in agriculture, drinking water supply and in small agro-industries.Biogas is produced by bacteria
through the bio-degradation of organic material under anaerobic conditions and It mainly consist of Methane (CH 4) 55-60 % Carbon dioxide
(CO2) 35-40 % Water (H2O) 2-7 % along with Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Ammonia (NH3), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen (H) are of
minute quantites. Natural generation of biogas is an important part of bio-geochemical carbon cycle. It can be used both in rural and urban
areas.Biogas eliminates drudgery of women and girl children from diseases caused by indoor air pollution arising due to direct burning of
cattle dung and biomass in rural hearths. Ferro-cemented fixed dome plant (Deenabandhu model) and Modified floating drum model (KVIC)
was constructed and tested in College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, The nutrient status of the fresh cow dung was analyzed in
laboratory. Initially the fresh dung was found to contain 0.42% Nitrogen (N), 0.08% Phosphorous (P 2O5) and 0.21% of Potassium (K2O).
After 18 days fermentation in the new floating drum design plant, Deenabandhu plant its nutrient status was again analyzed. The fermented
slurry constituted 0.50% N, 0.17% P2O5 and 0.39% K2O in new floating drum design, in Deenabandhu after fermentation, the availability of
nutrients N, P and K were found to enhanced by 0.53% and 0.42 and 0.14 % respectively. As expected the slurry from the biogas plants
carried more nutrients than the fresh dung. This is an evidence to the fact that bio-slurry used as a fertilizer yields more growth in crops than
the fresh dung as FYM.
Keywords: Ferrocemented Deenabandhu Biogas Plant, Modified Floating DrumBiogas plant, Biogas Plant, Nutrient status.
GNRSA-2020/982
EXOGENOUS 6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE INCREASE GRAIN YIELD OF LATE SOWN WHEAT BY IMPROVING
PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM
SHAILESH KUMAR1* AND AJAY KUMAR SINGH1

1*
Department of Botany, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar-848125
The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of exogenous 6-BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) on the physiological
traits and yield of late sown wheat. Field experiment was conducted with four wheat genotypes viz., HD2967, RAUW4, HP1744
and DBW15. Staggered sowing (09thDecember, 2019 and 30th December, 2019) was done to induce terminal heat stress in late
sown crops. The exogenous application of 20 ppm of 6-BAP was done at heading, 3 DAA and 14 DAA and only water was
applied in control plants. High temperature stress/ late sown conditions caused significant reduction in photosynthetic pigments,
membrane stability, pollen fertility, and spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per spike and yield in all the
genotypes, with variable magnitude. However, exogenous application of 20 ppm, 6-BAP helped in maintaining high chlorophyll
contents (5 to 21%), pollen fertility (2.9 to 14.7%) and also increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in wheat genotypes.
The 20 ppm BAP also significantly increased the grain yield (9 to 17%) and maintained high photosynthetic pigment contents in
late sown wheat genotypes. Exogenous application of 20 ppm 6-BAP mitigated the effect of high temperature stress especially in
late sown condition by improving the physiological traits, pollen viability and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide
dismutase, catalase & peroxidase) with variable magnitude. The results also provide essential information for further utilization
of the cytokinin in mitigation of adverse affect of terminal heat stress in late sown wheat.
GNRSA-2020/983
IRRIGATION SCHEDULING IN WHEAT FOR OPTIMIZATION OF YIELD
SANJEEV SINGH1*, ADESH SINGH2, MOHAMMAD HASANAIN3

1*
Ph.D. Scholar and 2, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology,
Meerut, 250110
3,
ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi–110012
Wheat yield sustainability is highly dependent on water availability. There are two approaches to solve the issue of water shortage:
engineering based approach (construction of water reservoirs) and agronomy based approach (on farm water management). Focusing on
agronomy based solution, either we have to cultivate low water requiring crop or apply less water to the crop. Irrigation scheduling becomes a
crucial element in reducing deep percolation and improving water quality downstream (Bashir et al., 2016). The relationship between yield
and crop water use has been investigated by many researchers. Information on the optimum time to apply limited amounts of water to obtain
the maximum yield of high quality crops is essential for efficient use of irrigation water (Matsunaka et al., 1992). Studies show that proper
irrigation management is critical to spring wheat yield quantity and quality. Sharma et al. (1990) found that when the same amount of water
was applied at different growth stages, there was a significant difference in productive tillers. Chaudhary and Kumar (1980) reported that
maximum reduction of productive tillers was obtained when moisture stress occurred at the tillering stage. Grain yield of wheat was
significantly increased with increasing irrigation frequency. Soil moisture conditions affect nutrient availability to the crops. Optimum
irrigation increases N absorption by the crop, leading to a greater number of wheat tillers and a greater yield (Matsunaka et al., 1992).
Therefore it is concluded that wheat development, growth and yield responded significantly to irrigation scheduling (based on critical growth
stages).Water shortage, irrigation at tillering is strongly recommended to reduce drastic loss in biomass and grain yield.
Keywords: Growth stages, irrigation scheduling, wheat, and tillering
GNRSA-2020/984
NEW PARADIGM FOR URBAN GREENING: A CONCEPT OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN
KHALING LALLEMMOI, SUNIL KUMAR1*, KALKAME CH. MOMIN AND KHWAIRAKPAM LILY DEVI
1*
Department of Floriculture and landscape architecture, college of horticulture and forestry, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Central
Agricultural University, Pasighat-791102, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Rapid unplanned urbanization have overcrowded the city which in turn, have cause many environmental and social problems that have
seriously effected city dwellers’ health and wellbeing viz the urban heat island effect, CO2 emissions, soil sealing, biodiversity loss, air, water
and soil pollution and climate change.Integrating nature in urban developmental project by incorporating the biophilic design can reduces
stress, enhance creativity and clarity of thought increasing and improving the green space which is not only aesthetic but is also healthy both
for the physical and mental well-being. Biophilic design in planning a building and landscape is a way of bringing the nature to the city for
sustainable development. There are different ways of incorporating such biophilic design to a limited space by terrace gardening, indoor
garden, green walls, road side plantation, greening between the city, improving the community garden etc. Such design is also a way of
conserving the nature by reducing the impact of the rapid development in technology to our life.
Keywords: Biophilia, biophilic design, sustainable development, green spaces.
GNRSA-2020/985
CROP DIVERSIFICATION OPTIONS FOR INCOME AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY
SHANKAR LAL BIJARNIA1, HARISH KUMAR BIJARNIA2

1
Research Scholar, Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, SKRAU, Bikaner
2
Research Scholar, Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan
India is a country of about one billion people. More than 70 percent of India's population lives in rural areas where the main occupation is
agriculture. Indian agriculture is characterized by small farm holdings. Presently, with the rapid growth of population, the pressure on land
has increased and the size of holdings has considerably decreased while the food demand is rising. Hence, crop diversification through
technologically feasible and economically viable enterprise seems to be the only option to achieve the income and nutritional security. Crop
diversification needed for the employment generation, sustainable income, ecological balance and to reduce the risk due to crop failure.
Horizontal and vertical crops diversifications are the two approaches of diversification. Introduction of new crops is a most important
diversification option. Praharaj et al. (2016) reported that the highest system productivity and net returns were recorded with soybean +
pigeonpea - lentil cropping system followed by soybean + urdbean – lentil system. The intercropping of maize + groundnut at 1:5 rows
showed significantly higher B:C ratio and the soil moisture content (SMC) in intercropping system significantly differed with solitary and
maize-legume intercrops and their respective row proportions. Solitary planting of soybean registered 24% higher SMC than that of solitary
maize. (Choudhary and Kumar, 2015).
Keywords- Crop diversification, Nutritional, Horizontal, Vertical, Ecological balance
GNRSA-2020/986
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH, YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF PIGEONPEA
SN MEENA, CHAMAN JADON, RS JATAV, BS MEENA, HP MEENA, PRATAP SINGH, NL MEENA, RK YADAV AND
SUMAN YADAV
Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan (324001), India
A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Kota during kharif seasons 2018-19 tofind out the impact of gibberlic
acid (GA3) on growth, yield and economics of pigeonpea. The soil of experimental field was clay loam in texture, alkaline in reaction,
medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and high in potash. The data revealed thatapplication of GA3 @ 75 ppm at flower
initiation and pod initiation stages was recorded maximum plant height, podsplant -1, seeds pod-1 and grain yield being at par with @ 50 and
25 ppm at flower initiation & pod initiation stages. While highest net return was obtained from the treatment of GA3 @ 50 ppm at flower
initiation & pod initiation stages. However, maximum B: C ratio (3.21) was fetched under the treatment GA3 @ 25 ppm at flower initiation
and pod initiation stages.
Keywords: Gibberlic acid, growth, yield, economics andpigeonpea
GNRSA-2020/987
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN FOOD INDUSTRY
1*
PRIYADHARSHINI, M., AND 2P. RAJAMANI
1
Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003.
2
Don Bosco College of Agriculture, Sagayathottam, Takkolam, Vellore – 631 151.
The era of industrialization concentrated on production of commodities. At present the aspect of waste management is playing a key role in
all the industries. The release of food wastes in water bodies causes eutrophication. This paper focuses on management of the wastes in the
food industry, which are rich in organic content. Composting is commonly used for organic wastes, which converts them into useful soil
amendments and biogas. The biogas is useful as fuel for electricity.
Key words: Food industry waste, food packaging, biogas, composting
GNRSA-2020/988
EFFECT OF NARROW SPACING AND FERTILIZER DOSES TO RESPONSE ONGROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON
UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
SUMEDH D. HIWALE*1, NILIMA K. DAREKAR2 AND PRITAM N. CHIRDE3

Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MS) 444104, India
The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidypeeth, Akola during
Kharif season 2014 to study Effect of narrow spacing and higher fertilizer doses to response on growth and yield of cotton under rainfed
condition. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting three levels of plant densities viz., S1- 1,66,666 plants ha-1 (60cm x 10
cm), S2- 1,11,111 plants ha-1 (60 cm x 15 cm) and S3- 55,555 plants ha-1 (60 cm x 30 cm) in main plots and three fertilizer doses i.e. F1- 100%
RDF (50:25:25 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1), F2- 150% RDF (75:37.5:37.5 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) and F3- 200% RDF (100:50:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1)
in sub plots. The results revealed that the plant density of 1,66,666 plants ha -1 produced significantly superior seed cotton yield (kg ha -1) over
plant density of 55,555 plants ha-1 (kg ha-1) and it was at par with plant density of 1,11,111 plants ha -1. Among the fertilizer doses application
of 200 % RDF i.e(100:50:50) and 150 % RDF i.e(75:37.5:37.5) N:P 2O5:K2Oka ha-1 were equally effective in enhancing growth and yield
parameters viz,. plant height, leaf area, dry matter per plant and sympodial branches and significantly superior over 100% (50:25:25)
N:P2O5:K2O ka ha-1.
Keywards: Narrow spacing, Cotton, RDF, Yield, Growth and Rainfed
GNRSA-2020/989
STUDY THE FRUIT CHARACTERS AND YIELD OF THE ELITE JACKFRUIT GENOTYPES
ATULYADAV AND SANAJAY PATHAK

Assistant Professor Horticulture , FASAI, Rama University Kanpur
Professor and Head , Department of Fruit Science, CHF, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya
The present investigation entitled “Genetic evaluation of jackfruit genotypes for different traits and their fruits storage stability”. Was carried
out at Main experiment station and in the laboratory Department of Post-Harvest Technology, Collage of Horticulture & Forestry, Acharya
Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar, Ayodhya (U.P.) during two consecutive years 2017-18 and 2018-
19. The present investigation was conducted with, objectives to study the fruit characters and yield of the elite jackfruit genotypesIn
experiment first, the analysis of variance showed that mean of squares significantly differs for all the traits due to treatments during both the
years and in pooled analysis. High GCV and PCV values obtained for characters viz., number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per
plant, fruit width, fruit length, average flake weight with seeds and number of flakes per fruit during both the years and in pooled analysis.
High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit
length, fruit width, fruit maturity, fruit rind thickness, average flake weight with seed, number of flakes per fruit during both the years and In
pooled analysis. Which indicated the importance of additive gene action for the inheritance of these traits, and further improvement could be
brought by phenotypic selection. The most important trait fruit yield per plant had highly significant and positive phenotypic correlation with
fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, and average flake weight with seed, number of flakes per fruit, total soluble solids, reducing sugars and
total sugars during both the years and in pooled analysis, respectively. Whereas, in Y2 fruit yield per plant significantly and positively
correlated with actual recovery of fruit at vegetable stage at phenotypic level. Based upon correlation and path analysis, fruit yield per plant,
number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, number of flakes per fruit and average flake weight could be considered as
reliable traits for identifying high yielding genotypes.
Keyword: Fruit Characters and Yield of Jackfruit
GNRSA-2020/990
STUDY ON BIOLOGY OF MASTACEMBELUS ARMATUS (LACEPEDAE 1800) OF THE ORDER SYNBRANCHIFORMES
FROM RIVER BURHI GANDAK BIHAR
DHEERAJ KUMAR KASHYAP

Department of Fisheries Science, Dr. Rajendra Prashad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar
The research was conducted for twelve months duration from July 2019 to June 2020 to study the biology of most abundant fish species of
the order synbranchiformes from Burhi Gandak river in Muzaffarpur and Samastipur districts of North Bihar. In the present exploration, four
species of fishes of the order Synbranchiformes were identified under two families and three genera from the Burhi Gandak river. Among the
four reported species Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepedae 1800) was most abundant and selected for biological study. About 380 individual
samples of Mastacembelus armatus were collected during the research period for biological examination. The 380 individuals comprises of
205 juveniles, 97 male and 78 female with mean size of 13.86±0.65 to 27.45±0.58 cm and 11.08±1.49 to 52.25±3.16 gm for Juvenile;
36.71±0.82 to 48.73±1.67 cm and 90.14±4.04 to 157.88±29.66 gm for male; and 40.42±3.35 to 51.98±1.36 cm and 96.28±5.74 to
162.04±10.29 gm for female were subject to biological study. The gut composition of Mastacembelus armatus comprises of prawn
(Macrobrachium species), telson and uropod of prawn, chelate leg of crab, aquatic insects, chironomidae larvae, bivalve, backbone and fins
of fishes, small fishes like Pachypterus athernoides, Chanda nama, Puntius terio and Canthophrys gongota. The observed composition of
Mastacembelus armatus gut showed that the fish is carnivorous feeding habit. Gastro-somatic index (GaSI) was calculated and monthly mean
values of GaSI were ranged from 0.57±0.12 to 6.84±1.15 % for juvenile; 1.96±0.29 12.34±1.09 % for male; and 2.73±0.50 to 9.89±2.16 %
for female. The monthly mean weight of gonad was in the range of 0.77±0.14 gm (January 2020) to 2.57±0.22 gm (April 2020) for male and
1.32±0.18 gm (January 2020) to 7.26±0.66 gm (October 2020) for female. The overall male:female ratios was 1.25:1, demonstrating slightly
higher ratio than the ideal ratio. The monthly mean values of Gonado-somatic index were ranged from 0.53±0.14 % (December 2019) to
2.40±0.20 % (April 2020) for male and 1.37±0.16 % (February 2020) to 6.32±1.33 % (June 2020) for female. The maturing and spent
individuals of Mastacembelus armatus were abundant during December 2010 to February 2020 and mature individuals found rest of the
study period. The peak spawning observed during the months of October 2019, April 2020 and June 2020. The monthly mean fecundity of 78
mature females was in the range of 513.40±513.40 eggs (November 2019) to 5895.63±626.11 eggs (October 2019).
GNRSA-2020/991
INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS: AMALGAMATIONOF EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME GENERATION
RISHI KUMAR SINGH1, DR. R.K. DOHAREY1, DR.HARISH PRATAP SINGH2, DR. N. R. MEENA1, ARVIND PRATAP
SINGH1, ABHAY KUMAR SINGH1, JYOTI VISHWAKARMA1, VIKAS PANDEY1&CHANDRA SHEKHAR1
1
ANDUA & T Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2CSAUA&T Kanpur
Integrated farming system as an amalgamation of employment and income generation is possible by developing appropriate cropping and
farming systems. It is imperative to develop strategies that enable adequate income and employment generation, especially for small and
marginal farmers who constitute more than 85 % of the farming systems.Hence, vertical integration of land-based enterprises within the
socio-economic environment of the farmers will make farming more profitable and dependable. Therefore, Integrated Farming systems can
be proved as viable approach which represents an appropriate combination of farm enterprises, viz. crop production, horticulture, livestock,
fishery, forestry, poultry and goatry etc. in specific farming situation to address the problems of sustainable economic growth of Indian
farming systems. Integrated farming system can be viewed as a powerful tool for natural and human resource management in developing
countries like India. It is a multidisciplinary whole farm approach and very effective in solving the problems of small and marginal farmers.
This approach not only increases income and employment opportunity for farm household but also protects the environment through
recycling of the crop and animal wastes within the farm itself.
Keywords- Integrated farming system, employment opportunity, income generation, farmers
GNRSA-2020/992
EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON PLANT MORPHOLOGY, FLOWERING AND CORM PARAMETERS IN
GLADIOLUS VARIETIES
ANUPAM TIWARI, ANIL K. SINGH AND SUMIT PAL

Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005
Gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.), the queen of bulbous flowers, is one of leading grown geophytes in worldwide. It is very popular because of its
majestic spikes having florets of dazzling colours. The exuberance of colourful spikes of gladiolus is a delight in any floral bouquet. These
characters along with its longer vase life make it a very popular commercial cut flower after rose.Thus, it possesses a great potential for
export market especially during winter. The demand of gladiolus is increasing, therefore; it needs attention towards genetic improvement. A
field experiment was carried out to see the effect of gamma irradiation on growth and floral characters of gladiolus varieties during winters of
2015-16 and 2016-17. Corms of sixteen gladiolus varieties viz., African Star, American Beauty, Dhanvantari, Green Star, Gulal, Lemon
Beauty, Mohini, Nova Lux, Priscilla, Punjab Dawn, Punjab Morning, Red Beauty, Shubhangini, Snow Princess, Tiger Flame and Yellow
Stonewere exposed to five doses of gamma rays 25 Gy, 35 Gy, 45 Gy, 55 Gy and 65 Gy along with one control (untreated). Experiment was
laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications.From the study it may be concluded that gamma rays dose of 25 Gy was better
for enhancement of few floral, corm and cormel characters and postharvest parameters, whereas doses of 35Gy was best for induction of
colour mutation. Among the varieties, Green Star was found most sensitive to gamma rays followed by Priscilla, Nova Lux and Lemon
Beauty. The mutation frequency was higher in M 1 generation, but most of the mutations were in chimeric form and reverted back in next
generation. Mutants were also isolated in M2 generation, from normal looking plants of M 1 generation and most of the mutants in M2 were
non chimeric and were isolated in pure form.
Key words: Corms and Cormels, Flowers, Gamma Irradiation, Gladiolus and Mutant
GNRSA-2020/993
INFLUENCE OF PLANTING GEOMETRY AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
A.K. SINGH AND SHASHANK SHEKHER SINGH

Department of Agronomy, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224229 (U.P.) India
A field experiment was conducted on the topic entitled “Influence of planting geometry and nitrogen level on rice (Oryza sativa L.)” during
two consecutive kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Agronomy Research Farm, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology,
Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U.P.) Experiment was comprised with sixteen treatment combinations viz. four planting geometry
and four nitrogen levels in split plot design. Four planting geometry i.e. 15x10 cm , 15x15 cm, 20x10 cm and 20x15 cm were kept in main
plots and four nitrogen levels i.e. 0 kg N/ha, 60 kg/N ha, 120 kg N/ha and 180 kg/N ha were kept in sub plots. The experiment was replicated
three times. As per requirement of seedlings, seeds NDR-359 variety of rice was used as per treatment of planting geometry Crop was
uniformly fertilized with 60 kg P2O5, 40 kg K2O and nitrogen as per treatments. Results reveal that planting geometry of 20×10cm was found
suitable for higher yield attributes and yield of rice. Application of 120 kg nitrogen/ha was found suitable for higher production of rice.
Interaction effect between planting geometry and nitrogen level were found significant on grain and straw yield of rice during both the years
were recorded in 20×10cm planting geometry applied with 180 kg n/ha followed by 120 kg nitrogen/ha in same planting geometry.
Application of 120 kg N/ha applied in 20cm×10cm planting geometry recorded highest gross nutrient Rs. 102140/ha; net return Rs. 68415/ha
and highest net return per rupees invested 2.02.
GNRSA-2020/994
BIO-EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES IN RELATION TO IRRIGATION SCHEDULES IN TIMELY SOWN WHEAT (TRITICUM
AESTIVUM L.)
KAIROVIN LAKRA1, KARAM HUSAIN2, PRAMOD KUMAR3, PANKAJ KUMAR4, PRADEEP KUMAR KANAUJIYA5
1
Ph.D. scholar Agronomy, C.S.A.U. of Agriculture &Tech. Kanpur UP.-208002
2
Professor department Agronomy, C.S.A.U. of Agriculture &Tech. Kanpur UP.-208002
3,4
Ph.D. scholar Agronomy, C.S.A.U. of Agriculture &Tech. Kanpur UP.-208002
5
Ph.D. scholar Agronomy A.N.D.U. of Agriculture &Tech. Ayodhya UP.-224229.
A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2017-18 and 2018-19) during winter (Rabi) season at ‘students’ Instructional
Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. (U.P). The main objective of the experiment was to find
out the economically feasible irrigation schedule and weed management practice for obtaining maximum net monetary returns from timely
sown wheat. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design and replicated four times having 32 treatment combinations. The wheat variety
‘
K-9423’ was sown at row distance of 22.5 cm by opening slits with seed-drill machine. Treatments consisted of four irrigation schedule viz.
irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I 1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I 2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage
(I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I 4) were assigned to main plots and weed management practices
viz. W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, W3-sulfosulfuron @25 g ha-1 at 35 DAS, W4- pendimethalin (pre-em) fb
WCPL-15@400 g ha-1 at 35 DAS, W5- broadway (carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG) @ 100 g a.i. ha-1at 35 DAS, W6-
halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5% @ 75 g a.i. ha-1 at 35 DAS, W7- halauxafen - methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr @ at 35 DAS and W8-
clodinafop- propargyl 15% + metsulfuron 1% @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 35 DAS were allocated to sub plots. The experimental crop was sown in lines
22.5 cm apart using 100 kg ha-1 seed by opening slits with seed-drill machine. A uniform recommended dose of 150 kg N, 75 kg P2O5 and 75
kg K2O ha-1 was applied to crop through urea, DAP and murate of potash, respectively. Half amount of nitrogen and full dose of phosphorus
and potash were applied as basal at the time of sowing, ¼ part of nitrogen was top dressed after first irrigation and remaining ¼ part of
nitrogen was top dress at spike initiation stage. Weed management practices and irrigations were applied as per treatment. Results indicated
that irrigation at CRI+ active tillering stage (I 1) proved to be more effective in reducing weed density (92.9 and 84.3 m-2) and their biomass
production (92.91m-2) and maximum percent control of weeds, weed control efficiency (79.9 and 84.2%), agronomic management index,
crop resistance index, relative dominance of weeds, water use efficiency (47.78 and 48.71 kg ha-1 -cm), water productivity (3631 and 3728
Rs. cm-1) and had lowest nutrients (N, P and K) depletion by weeds. Whereas, highest growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield (3180
and 3122 kg ha-1), straw yield (3666 and 3829 kg ha-1), biological yield (6847 and 6951 kg ha-1), harvest index (46.4 and 44.9%), protein
yield (329 and 325 kg ha-1), consumptive use of water, rate of water use, available soil water and moisture extraction from the soil, gross
returns (71680 and 71402 Rs. ha-1), net returns (33041 and 26768 Rs. ha-1), B-C ratio (1.86 and 1.60), nutrients uptake by crop, percent
increase in grain yield, weed management index, herbicide efficiency index, weed effectiveness index and lowest weed index (6.15 and
8.56%) was recorded with the application of irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I 4). Application of broadway
(carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG) @ 100 g a.i. ha-1at 35 DAS was the most effective in minimizing weed density (82.4 and
72.6 m-2), fresh and dry weight of weeds (29.9 and 25.4 g m -2), agronomic management index, weed index (5.93 and 6.38%) and N, P, K
depletion by weeds; and maximum percent control of weeds, crop resistance index, relative dominance of weeds, percent increase in grain
yield, weed control efficiency (81.6 and 87.1%), weed management index, weed persistence index, herbicide efficiency index and weed
effectiveness index and it also recorded maximum improvement in crop growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield (3188 and 3197 kg
ha-1), straw yield (3732 and 3897kg ha-1), biological yield (6920 and 7093 kg ha -1), harvest index (46.0 and 45.1%), protein yield (330 and
330 kg ha-1), consumptive use of water, rate of water use, available soil water, moisture extraction from the soil, water use efficiency (47.78
and 48.71 kg ha-1 -cm), water productivity (3631 and 3728 Rs. cm -1), gross returns (72104 and 72997 Rs. ha-1), net returns (35471 and 31058
Rs. ha-1), B-C ratio (1.97 and 1.74) and nutrients uptake by crop. However, hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS was proved superiority over
herbicidal treatments with respect to reduction of weeds and the enhancing yield and returns. Maximum increase in available N, P, K, S and
Zn in soil after the wheat harvest was recorded with irrigation at CRI+ active tillering stage and an application of broadway (carfentrazone-
ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25% WG) 100 g a.i. ha -1 at 35 DAS treatment. Irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage
(I4) along with the application of broadway (carfentrazone- ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25% WG) 100 g a.i. ha-1 at 35 DAS was most effective
for enhancing consumptive use of water, rate of water use, water use efficiency and water productivity during the years.
GNRSA-2020/995
NANO FERTILIZER, IT’S PRESENT STATUS IN INDIA AND SCOPE IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE
HARISH KUMAR BIJARNIA1, SHANKAR LAL BIJARNIA2

1
Research Scholar, Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan
2
Research Scholar, Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, SKRAU, Bikaner 334006
The emerging field of nanotechnology has a greater role in crop production with a strong promise to affect the current status of fertilizers with
environmental safety, ecological sustainability, and economic stability. Due to the growing challenges in Agriculture, interest in
nanotechnology has been increased with the goals to increase crop production and to increase resource use efficiency. The products of
nanotechnology, the nano-particles can be utilized in the entire agriculture production system value chain (Jangid et al., 2019). Nano-
fertilizers are very effective for precise nutrient management in precision agriculture with matching the crop growth stage for nutrient and may
provide nutrient throughout the crop growth period. Nano-fertilizers increase crop growth up to optimum concentrations further increase in
concentration may inhibit the crop growth due to the toxicity of nutrient (Qureshi et al., 2018). These nano-particles have a high surface area,
high activity, better catalytic surface, rapid chemical reaction, they are rapidly dispersible and they can adsorb abundant water. The Nano
formulated nutrient elements hold great promise for application in plant nourishment because of the size-dependent qualities, high surface-
volume ratio, and unique optical properties. (Mahanta et al., 2019). Nano-fertilizers provide more surface area for different metabolic
reactions in the plant which increase rate of photosynthesis and produce more dry matter and yield of the crop. It is also prevent plant from
different biotic and abiotic stress. Studies show that the use of nano-fertilizers causes an increase in nutrients use efficiency, reduces soil
toxicity, minimizes the potential negative effects associated with over dosage and reduces the frequency of the application. Hence,
nanotechnology has a high potential for achieving sustainable agriculture, especially in developing countries.
Keywords: Nano fertilizers, nutrient use efficiency
GNRSA-2020/996
THE EFFECT OF BRASSINOLIDE ON SEED GERMINATION AND RELATED PARAMETERS OF WHEAT UNDER
SALINITY
KAMLESH KUMAR CHOUDHARY1 BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL2 DL BAGDI3 BL KAKRALYA4

1Research Scholar, Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Raj.
2 Research Scholar, Department of Plant Physiology, IAS, BHU, Varanasi UP

3 Assistant Professor Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Raj.
4 Professor Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Raj.
The experiment was conducted in the laboratory at the Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture Jobner during the
2015-2016 rabi season under laboratory experiments. Two wheat cultivars, Raj-1482 and Raj-3077, were grown in petri dishes under salinity
conditions (0, 4 and 8 dSm-1). Various concentrations of brassinolide (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm) have also been applied to the saline
collection of petri dishes. Control plants were supplied with regular water whenever needed. Various seedling growth parameters were
reported 8 days after treatment in the laboratory. Examination of the data showed that the percentage of germination, root volume, shoot
length, fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot steadily decreased with an increase in salinity levels and increased with an increase in
brassinolide levels, with a maximum increase of 1.5 ppm under non-stress and salt stress conditions in the laboratory experiment.
Germination percentage decreased with a particular amount of saline irrigation water, at least at EC 8 dSm-1 at both levels of the
investigation of both wheat genotypes. On the basis of the above observations, Raj-3077 was found to be superior to Raj 1482 in relation to
the maximum parameters studied under laboratory conditions. It may be seen both the genotype that among Raj-3077 observed salinity
tolerant and the tolerance was mediated by germination characteristics. The experiment again reflects the significant role of brassinolide in
increasing productivity of wheat by improving germination and seedling growth under non stress and salt stress conditions.
Keyword: Brassinolide, Salinity, Raj-3077, Raj 1482, Germination
GNRSA-2020/997
SOME TRANSFORMED AND COMPOSITE ESTIMATORS OF RATIO OF TWO VARIABLES USING AUXILIARY
INFORMATION
NAVEEN KUMAR1 AND V. N. RAI2

1. Ph. D. Scholar, Deptt. of Agril. Statistics, A.N.D.U.A.&T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.)
2. Professor & Head, Deptt. of Agril. Statistics, A.N.D.U.A.&T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.)
In finite population survey sampling, the main aim is the estimation of the population parameters such as population mean, population total,
population variance of the study variate , ratio of two variables under study etc. The auxiliary information has been effectively used in
sample surveys at selection, stratification and estimation stage for bringing about the improvement in the estimate of population parameters.
Estimation of population ratio of two characters besides population mean or total is also of practical importance in repeated surveys. For
example, ratio of two economic variables i.e. investment to return or cost-benefit ratio in economic surveys over time, ratio of male and
female in labour force in agriculture, animal husbandry, industry etc, productivity of crops overtime, cost of cultivation over time, prevalence
rate of diseases in crops and livestock, ratio of different categories of livestock. The present investigation deals with ratio and ratio type
estimators of ratio of two population means in finite population survey sampling using information on an auxiliary variable following the
work of Singh(1965) and Tripathi et.al (1985). Transformed and composite estimators of ratio of two population means both situations when
the population mean of auxiliary variable is known and unknown have been proposed. Their bias and MSE are derived. The relative
efficiency of the proposed estimators has been examined in comparison of several existing estimators in the literature using real data of the
three populations. It has been found that the proposed transformed and composite estimators have outperformed the existing estimators.
However, transformed and composite estimator of ratio have been found to be equally efficient for optimum value of 𝛼 and 𝑤.
GNRSA-2020/998
ECONOMICS OF THE VARIOUS WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS IN RICE
PANKAJ KUMAR1, DHANANJAI SINGH2, KAIROVIN LAKRA1 , PRADEEP KUMAR KANAUJIYA 3 AND VIMAL KUMAR 4
1. Ph. D. Scholar, Deptt. Of Agronomy, C.S.A.U.A.&T., Kanpur (U.P.)
2. Professor, Deptt. Of Agronomy, C.S.A.U.A.&T., Kanpur (U.P.)
3. Ph. D. Scholar, Deptt. Of Agronomy, A.N.D.U.A.&T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.)
4. Ph. D. Scholar, Deptt. Of Fruit Science, C.S.A.U.A.&T., Kanpur (U.P.)
There is a need to evaluate the effect of new herbicides on growth and economics of transplanted rice in order to gain profitability and for
providing wider options to farmers. It may be because a severe damage to rice crop and ultimately yield declined. Several studies were
conducted in India on weed flora of rice under different methods of rice establishment and major associated weeds were reported. Rice crop
is infested with a number of weeds namely- Echinochloa colonum and E. crusgalli are the most serious weeds affecting rice in all methods of
rice establishment. The experiment was conducted with Randomized Block Design and replicated three times. The experiment comprised of
nine treatments viz.T1- Bispyribac-Na 25 g ha-1 (25 DAT) (POE), T2- Pendimethline 1000 g ha-1 + Bispyribac 25 g ha-1 (PE & POE), T3-
Oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 + Bispyribac 25 g ha-1 (PE & POE), T4- Pyrazosulfuron 20 g ha-1 + Bispyribac 25 g ha-1 (PE & POE), , T7-
Pyrazosulfuron 20 g ha-1 + Bispyribac 25g ha-1 + Hand weeding , T8- Hand weeding (20,40,60 DAT), T9- Weedy check respective On the
basis of economics of different treatment, the maximum gross returns (Rs. 92985 ha -1) in Hand weeding (20,40,60 DAT), net returns
(58106.00 Rs. ha-1) in T6 - Oxadiargyl 100g ha-1 + Bispyribac 25g ha-1 + Hand weeding, with maximum B:C ratio (1.66) for rice crop.
GNRSA-2020/999
CONVENTIONAL DRYING OF FOODS
RAVI KUMAR AND VIMAL CHAUDHARY

Quantum University Roorkee Uttarakhand, Dr. Prithvi Singh viksit college Dhanouri Haridwar Uttarakhand
Drying of food is perhaps the oldest method of food preservation. Conventional drying technologies have now been used on commercial scale
for drying numerous food products. Different methods of drying are associated with advantages and limitations. Natural and artificial
methods have been employed to preserve valuable commodities. The major concern with drying using artificial dryer is that it is energy
intensive even though drying time is shorter as compared to the natural method of drying. Drying kinetics has been studied to predict drying
time and conditions for several food products. The review aims at displaying evolution of these techniques and critically reviewing the
challenges and opportunities for drying of foods.
GNRSA-2020/1000
SOLAR DRYING

Quantum University Roorkee Uttarakhand, Dr. Prithvi Singh Viksit College Dhanouri Haridwar Uttarakhand
Solar drying is one of the application of solar energy. Drying means moisture removal from the product. Drying is helpful in preserving food
product for long time; it prevent product from contamination. Direct solar drying, indirect solar drying, and mixed mode solar drying these
are different solar drying methods. Primarily open to the sun or direct sun drying technique is used. However, it has some disadvantages.
These disadvantages can be eliminated by indirect type of dryer which is used for drying products as application of solar energy. In this
paper, we studied the different technique of drying and various modes of solar drying. Keywords:- Direct type solar dryer, Indirect type solar
dryer, Natural circulation solar dryer, Forced circulation solar dryer.
GNRSA-2020/1001
TRADITIONAL METHODS OF FOOD PRESERVATION

Food preservation is one of the most important inseparable parts of human life. To increase the shelf-life of the food products, application of
various methods such as drying, storage in vinegar under acidic condition, canning, freezing, fermenting, dry salting, curing, smoking, and
sealing have been suggested. Although the traditional methods of food preservation guarantee its safety, application of these methods in food
systems promotes the loss of temperature sensitive compounds, denaturation of proteins, alteration of food structures, change of color and
taste of the products, and formation of new undesirable substances. Thus today there is a growing interest in using non thermal
processing methods for preservation of food products.
GNRSA-2020/1002
PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES

Food preservation techniques in the PVTGs though may differ based on the cultural and ethnic diversity of the tribe, but more or less they all
use traditional techniques such as drying, fermenting, water-covering, cooling, freezing, and salting. Sweet is rarely or never used except
those who have access to honey or other forms of the traditional wild sweetening agent. Mahua flowers are brewed to make alcohol using a
fermenting traditional herb while the seeds are processed manually to extract oil for cooking purposes. The traditional knowledge of
preservation techniques has dual emphasis, as this study finds out, one that of food safety to ensure food is hygienic and secondly to maintain
the nutritional components without compromising on taste.
GNRSA-2020/1003
AGRICULTURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR BETTER EMPLOYMENT AND ENVIRONMENT

There are requirements for the application and management of agricultural waste on farms. However, the primary reason behind managing
agricultural waste is to make good sense both environmentally and economically. This paper will highlight strategies that can be adopted in
the agricultural waste management so that the farmers become aware and take full advantage of the various possibilities of plant waste
recycling and further utilization for increasing economic. This paper includes wastes generated from crops like paddy, wheat, sugarcane,
mustard and cotton. It is very important to fully exploit various methods of utilizing agricultural wastes. The result shows that majority of the
farmers had very high level of awareness regarding the management of waste of crops like paddy, wheat, mustard, cotton and sugarcane. It
was noticed that farmers knew about almost all the applications of crop wastes. It was also noticed that in spite of high percentage of
awareness the farmers failed to take full advantage of the wastes on their farm. Thus there was need to suggest some waste management
strategies for all the important crops grown in Haryana. After analyzing what all different ways the crop wastes can be used waste
management strategies for paddy, wheat, cotton, mustard and sugarcane were developed. These strategies should be implemented on the
farms so that farmers can take full advantage of various possibilities of managing the waste generated on their farm and earn more money.
Systematic utilization of agricultural waste also helps to improve environmental conditions by reducing pollution caused by disposal of
astronomic agricultural waste.
GNRSA-2020/1004
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCH ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L.) ON DRIP
IRRIGATION
VIMAL CHAUDHARY AND RAVI KUMAR

Dr. Prithvi Singh Viksit College Dhanouri Haridwar Uttarakhand, Quantum University Roorkee Uttarakhand
Field experiments were conducted on the Medium & shallow Black Soils at KVK, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh during 2015-2017 to determine
the effect of different mulches on vegetative growth and yield of Turmeric on drip irrigation. The research trials for the consecutive two years
showed that plastic mulch (T1) resulted maximum plant height, No. of suckers/ plant, Length of leaves, Width of leaves, Days to maturity,
No. of rhizome/ plant, Length of rhizome, Diameter of rhizome, Rhizome yield /plant, Rhizome yield/ha. The highest yield was observed
under the treatment-1 plastic mulch 28% increase in yield as compared to without mulch (248.2 Q ha-1).
Key words: Turmeric, Mulching, Drip irrigation, Yield.
GNRSA-2020/1005
DOUBLING INCOME OF FARMERS THROUGH SUSTAINABLE HORTICULTURE IN FRUIT PRODUCTION FOR
CENTRAL ZONE OF INDIA
VIMAL CHAUDHARY AND RAVI KUMAR

Dr. Prithvi Singh Viksit College Dhanouri Haridwar Uttarakhand, Quantum University Roorkee Uttarakhand
A study was undertaken at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raisen to evaluate yield and yield attributes of papaya cv. Red Lady (786) with respect to
silver colour plastic mulching on drip irrigation as per the treatments viz., 1. Mulching of silver plastic color [50 Micron (µ)] 2. Without
mulching (control). It was analyzed in randomized block design. An overall result of yield attributes of papaya was found higher value in the
treatment of plastic mulching recorded significantly highest days taken of first flowering, number of fruits- plant1, weight- fruit1, length-
fruit1, diameter- frut1, yield- plant1 and yield t- ha1 (247days, 25.9 no, 2.14gm, 19.15cm, 36.42cm, 55.42kg, 171.04 t-ha1 respectably) as
compared to control (261days, 23.21 no, 1.46kg, 13.51cm, 24.42cm, 33.88kg, 104.56 t ha 1 respectably) . Increased the yield of 69% under
drip irrigation with plastic mulch over control due to better plant growth, soil moisture retention, suppressed the weed growth, maintained soil
temperature, control soil erosion, equal amount of water and fertilizer availability to the plant and less incidence of insect pest and diseases.
Key words: Papaya, Drip irrigation, silver plastic mulch (SPM), Red Lady.
GNRSA-2020/1006
ENZYMATIC AND NON ENZYMATIC ANTIOIXIDANT PROPERTIES OF OXALIS CORNICULATA L. (INDIAN SORREL)
SAIF MOHAMMED SALEH ANSARI, ALOK M LALL
Department of Biochemisty & Biochemical engineering, SHUATS, Prayagraj
Oxalis croniculata L. or locally known as Indian creeping herb belongs to the family Oxalidaceae is uncultivated majorly found in wet and
muddy tropical region traditionally been used in ayurvedic system as medicine for skin disease or anti-inflammatory. In spite of this it has
been reported that Oxalis C. has various medicinal properties including antioxidant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiulcer,
antinociceptive, anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, abortifacient, antioxidant, diuretic, antimicrobial and wound
healing properties. Phytochemical investigation shown that plants having Alkaloids, Flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, Polyphenols and
proteins. The quantitative estimation of major antioxidant was carried out of crude extract of OC was analyzed in three different solvent
systems such as Chlorofrom, Ethanol and Aqueous was tested against by invitro non enzymatic phosphomolybdate method, DPPH method,
reducing antioxidant and ABTS method and Enzymatic method such as peroxidase assay (4.229 unit /min/g/Dw), Catalase assay (1.856 unit
/min/g/Dw) , SOD assay (0.0295 unit /min/g/Dw), Glutatione Reductase (0283unit /min/g/Dw), Glutatione S. Transferase assay (3.646 unit
/min/g/Dw) and glutathione peroxidase (0.060289 unit /min/g/Dw). The antioxidant vitamins of the plant were also estimated. The vitamin C
content was found to be 0.414 mg/gm fresh wt. and vitamin E was found to be 137.36 mg/gm fresh wt. The present study reveals that O.
corniculata is a promising source of antioxidant.
Keyward: DPPH, Phosphomolybdate, Glutatione reductase, antioxidant
GNRSA-2020/1007
SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS
ROHIT KUMAR SINGH, MANISH KUMAR SINGH, DHIRENDRA KUMAR SINGH, PRATEEK SINGH AND DIKSHA
MISHRA
Department of Horticulture, Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, I.Ag. Sc., B.H.U., Varanasi -221005
Vegetables are a rich source of many essential micronutrients and health-related phytochemicals. Vegetable production provides jobs and
supports agribusiness, thereby creating economic opportunities. Many vegetable production systems, however, are not sustainable over the
long-term. For example, some systems are rapidly degrading the environment due to intense applications of synthetic pesticides and
fertilizers, often leading to food contamination and groundwater pollution and contributing to soil erosion. By definition a Sustainable
Vegetable Production System (SVPS) should meet the needs of present as well as future generations. Approaches used should not be harmful
to the health of farmers nor consumers and should ultimately lead to a reduced impact of agriculture on the environment. This includes the
conservation and careful use of resources such as high-grade rock phosphate that may be depleted over a 60-90 year period. The use of
agricultural inputs such as mineral fertilizers is highly inefficient at the current time, although there are innovative technologies available. An
example of these innovations is starter solution for vegetable production which can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers by as much as 50%
while maintaining crop yield and quality. Integrated systematic efforts from a local to international level are needed to solve these problems
and implement changes for sustainability in vegetable production systems.
Key Words: Sustainable, vegetables
GNRSA-2020/1008
PRECISION FARMING IN VEGETABLES
MANISH KUMAR SINGH, DHIRENDRA KUMAR SINGH ,ROHIT KUMAR SINGH , PRATEEK SINGH AND DIKSHA
MISHRA
Department of Horticulture, Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, I.Ag.Sc.,B.H.U.,Varanasi -221005
Precision agriculture can be defined as a comprehensive system designed to optimise agricultural production through the application of crop
information, advanced technology and management practices. To be a truly comprehensive system, it must begin during the planning stages
of the crop and continue through the post harvest-processing phase of production. Information, technology and management are the keys to
success in this production system . This concept was used for sometime when animal traction was available, but was abandoned when
mechanical traction appeared in the North American market. It remained forgotten for quite a long time, until the availability of
microcomputers, sensors and positioning systems that became available at reasonable cost. The increasing concern with environmental
factors, brought back that concept since the application of agricultural chemicals in a site specific basis would decrease the chances of
leaching of these products and environment contamination. Precision agriculture is also known as precision farming, precision horticulture,
site-specific farming (SSF), site-specific management (SSM), site-specific crop management (SSCM), variable rate application (VRA) etc.
Precision agriculture is a popular new concept in production. Precision agriculture can be defined as a comprehensive system designed to
optimise agricultural production through the application of crop information, advanced technology and management practices. A truly
comprehensive approach to precision agriculture begins with crop planning and includes tillage, planting, chemical applications, harvesting
and post harvest processing of the crop. A more holistic agricultural approach uses information technology to bring data from multiple
sources to bear on decisions associated with agricultural production, logistics, marketing, finance and personnel. Technological interventions
in precision horticulture include genetic conservation, genetic engineering, integrated nutrient management, protected cultivation, post
harvest technology, micro irrigation and fertigation etc. Modified crop geometry further improved B:C ratio to 3.26 without subsidy and 4.0
with subsidy. Precision farming is a comprehensive system designed to optimise production. This can increase production efficiency, improve
product quality, improve the efficiency of crop chemical use, conserve energy and protect environment with the use of key elements of
information, technology and management. Technology and management practices such as field scouting, field mapping, variable rate control,
yield mapping and post harvest processing can be readily adopted to vegetable crop production. However, the technology related to precision
farming needs refinement to realize benefits.
Key Words: precision farming , vegetables , post harvest.
GNRSA-2020/1009
BAMBOO-BASED AGRO FORESTRY FOR RURAL LIVELIHOOD IN EASTERN UTTAR RADISH, INDIA
ANUBHA SRIVASTAV & S. D. SHUKLA

Centre for Social Forestry & Eco- Rehabilitation, Allahabad
( A Centre of Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun, India)
The Bamboo-based agroforestry is a viable option for sustainable land management in India. The region of eastern U.P. has an agricultural
economy. The lack of proper management and attention has degraded the bamboo wealth. The management of bamboo-based mixed species
production systems, however, requires an understanding of suitable bamboo spacing in agroforestry models . The Dendrocalamus strictus and
Bambusa, arundinacea are the two principal economic species, of which the former occupies the largest area and is the most common in
eastern U.P. Under a study, these two bamboo species were planted at different spacing (4mx4m, 5mx5m & 6mx6m) on field bunds in
combinations of paddy and wheat on farmer’s degraded alkaline land at Kanehti village of Phoolpur block in district Prayagraj, India. The
results indicated that growth performance of Bamboos in respect of survival, no. of culms and plant height (6.0 m) was superior in spacing of
6m x 6m than lower spacing in all models after two yrs of planting. The performance of wheat and paddy as an intercrop in bamboo stands of
varying spacing treatments were also assessed. The results revealed that spacing treatments exerted profound influence on bamboo growth.
However, widely spaced bamboo (6x6 m) exhibited better clump diameter and agriculture crops yield, whereas, closest (4 x 4 m) spacing of
bamboo plot recorded least yield 30 % less compared to widest spacing of 6x6 m . On degraded land of Eastern U. P. ,where agriculture
production is less, adoption of bamboos may be a viable option to address ecological as well as economic problems of degraded land. The
traditional agriculture crops may be taken as intercrops up to 5-6 year of Bamboo planting and afterwards, shade loving / underground
medicinal plants and vegetables are suitable for bamboo based agroforestry models. The large scale adoption of Bamboo plantations under
agro forestry system would help in increasing the bamboo stock over degraded land. Further, commercialization of bamboo based handicrafts
and articles bear great potential of generating income and employment for rural masses. The demonstration plantations of Bamboos in agro
forestry on farmer’s / community land will help farmers to build up confidence so that they may be convinced to adopt agro forestry with
bamboos.
Keywords: Agroforestry, bamboo based, eastern UP, demonstration plantation, sustainable, adoption
GNRSA-2020/1010
NANOTECHNOLOGY: THE NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
PRATEEK SINGH*, DIKSHA MISHRA, MANISH KUMAR SINGH AND ROHIT KUMAR SINGH
Department of Horticulture, I.Ag.Sc, BHU, Varanasi
The development of agriculture sector is only possible by increasing resources use efficiency with the minimum damage to agro ecology
through effective use of modern technologies. Among these, nanotechnology is extensively used in modern agriculture to make true the
concept of precision agriculture. Nanotechnology is a multi-disciplinary science.Nanotechnology includes nanoparticles having one or more
dimensions in the order of 100 nm or less. Nanomaterials find applications in plant protection, nutrition and management of farm practices
due to small size, high surface to volume ratio and unique optical properties.Nano encapsulation plays a vital role in the protection of
environment by reducing leaching and evaporation of harmful substances.The potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous.
These include insect pest management via formulations of nanomaterial based pesticides and insecticides, increase in agricultural
productivity using nanoparticles encapsulated fertilizers for slow and sustained release of nutrients and water. Nanoparticles mediated gene or
DNA transfer in plants for the development of insect pest resistant varieties and use of nanomaterial for preparation of different kinds of
biosensors would be useful in remote sensing devices required for precision farming are some of the boon of this modern
nanotechnology.Nano encapsulated conventional fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides helps in slow and sustained release of nutrients and
agrochemicals resulting in precise dosage to the plants.Nano fertilizers increase the Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) by 3 times and it also
provides stress tolerating ability.As compare to chemical fertilizers, nanofertilizers are economically cheaper and are required in lesser
amount.Hence, nanotechnology has a high potential for achieving sustainable agriculture, especially in developing countries.
Key words: Nanofertlizer, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Sustained release, Biosensors.
GNRSA-2020/1011
TEMPERATURE IS THE IMPORTANT FACTOR TO CONTROLLING PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
SUSHMA SHARMA
Ch. Vedram College of Higher Education, Sirodhan, Hapur
Temperature also affect pollen performance during reproductive phase of plant Dianthus. High rate of pollen germination were obtained at
38°c. The influence of temperature was more prominent on pollen tube growth. The length of pollen was two to four times higher at 38°c. In
case of carbohydrate (sucrose) the pollen germination was started after forty minutes of inoculation and within four and a half hour of setting
the experiment, the germination cause completed and maximum pollen tube length was observed in 15% sucrose in Dianthus barbatus. In
case of DianthuY/ atifolious observed in 10% sucrose, butin 20% sucrose solution pollen did not germinate. Addition of D-glucose to water
favored the pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Pollen germination started after 45 minutes of inoculation and within 5 hours of
setting the experiment germination was completed . The maximum percentage of pollen germination ispresentin 10% D-glucose in Dianthus
barbatus butin Dianthus latifolious maximum percentage germination was present in15% D-glucose.
Keywords: Temperature, Pollen Germination, Pollen Tube Growth, Glucose, Sucrose
GNRSA-2020/1012
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON IN-VITRO CLONING OF CARICA PAPAYA L.
THROUGH SHOOT TIP AND INFLORESCENCES
ANUJ PAL AND YOGESH PRASAD

College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut 250110. (U.P.) India
Papaya is the most important fruit crop of tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. It is valued for its nutritional as well as
pharmaceutical importance as it is rich source of provitamin A, Calcium and Papain, a photolytic enzyme. Since Papaya is highly
heterozygous fruit crop. There is need of multiplication of plant through Tissue Culture for bearing fruits in almost all the plants. Keeping
these facts in view the multiplication of Papaya Carica papaya L. cv. Pusa Delicious through Tissue Culture is needed for the production of
numerous plants with in short period of time that is why the present experiment was carried out in the Tissue Culture Lab of the Department
of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, (U.P.) during the year 2016-2017. The experiment was
conducted in two way factorial designe with 33 treatments comparising of 3 level of BAP (1,2 and 3 ppm), 3 levels of Kinetin (1, 1.5 an 2
ppm), 6 level of NAA(0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 ppm) and 5 levels of IBA(0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 ppm) replicated thrice. The different
concentrations of Auxins and Cytokinins alone and in various combination are applied. The effect of these combinations was clearly observed
among the different concentration of the bio-regulators, BAP 1 ppm + NAA 0.5 ppm was found to be the best for shoot development and as
well as for maximum number of shoot. In case of rooting of explants the effect of IBA and NAA was studied with the half dose of CHU (N6)
media, NAA 3 ppm was most effective in terms of root induction in explant which induced the root just in 11.66 days. IBA 1 ppm was best in
inducing maximum number of roots. hence on the basis of result obtained from the present investigation it can be concluded that the
combination of BAP 1 ppm and NAA 0.5 ppm is the best for shoot development and NAA 3 ppm and IBA 1 ppm is the best for early
rooting and maximum rooting respectively in CHU (N6) media for Papaya (Carica papaya L.) tissue culture and can be recommended to the
commercial tissue culture laboratories and to the researchers.
GNRSA-2020/1013
EFFECT OF NPK AND SULPHUR DOSES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BULBS OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.)
KAUSHELENDRA PRATAP SINGH AND MANOJ KUMAR SINGH

College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut 250110. (U.P.) India
An investigation entitled “Effect of NPK and sulphur doses on growth and yield of bulbs of Onion (Allium cepa L.)” was conducted at the
Horticulture Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) during 2016-17 in
Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication to assess the effect of NPK and sulphur doses on growth and yield of bulbs of Onion.
Total ten treatment viz. T1- 80 kg N +40 kg P2O5 +40 kg K2O + 15 kg sulphur ha-1, T2- 80 kg N +40 kg P2O5 +40 kg K2O + 30 kg sulphur ha-
1
, T3- 80 kg N +40 kg P2O5 +40 kg K2O + 45 kg sulphur ha-1, T4- 100 kg N +50 kg P2O5 +50 kg K2O + 15 kg sulphur ha-1, T5- 100 kg N +50
kg P2O5 +50 kg K2O + 30 kg sulphur ha-1, T6- 100 kg N +50 kg P2O5 +50 kg K2O + 45 kg sulphur ha-1, T7- 120 kg N +60 kg P2O5 +60 kg
K2O + 15 kg sulphur ha-1, T8- 120 kg N +60 kg P2O5 +60 kg K2O + 30 kg sulphur ha-1, T9- 120 kg N +60 kg P2O5 +60 kg K2O + 45 kg
sulphur ha-1 T10- control treatment were tried during the course of investigation. Different growth, yield and yield attributing parameters i.e.
plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, diameter of stem (cm), length of longest leaves (cm), neck thickness (cm), shell thickness (cm),
bulb diameter (cm), length of bulb (cm), weight of bulb (g), fresh yield of bulb plot -1 (kg), marketable yield of bulbs (q ha-1), TSS content in
onion juice (%), and economics of treatments were observed at various successive stages of crop growth and at harvest. On the basis of a
comprehensive study on present investigation, it was concluded that the dose of 100 kg N +50 kg P2O5 +50 kg K2O + 45 kg sulphur ha-1 was
found to be superior in terms of all growth parameters, yield and yield attributing character of Onion in profitable manner. On the basis of
above finding, it was suggested that treatment 100 kg N +50 kg P 2O5 +50 kg K2O + 45 kg sulphur ha-1 may be recommended for better yield
of Onion crop especially for Western U.P. conditions.
GNRSA-2020/1015
EFFICACY OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF RICE (ORYZA
SATIVA)
DEEPAK MAURYA*1, ASHISH PANDEY2, S. K. TRIPATHI3, SUNIL DUBEY4 AND GARIMA GUPTA5
123
Water Resource Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667
4
Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre, New Delhi-110012
5
Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi-284003
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of the year 2015 at the experimental site of Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee to evaluate different soil nutrient management sources on growth yield and economics of rice (Oryza sativa). The experiment was
laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications comprising different combinations of inorganic fertilizers
and organic manures viz. T1 - control, T2 - recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (RDCF) @ 120:60:60, T3 - FYM @ 20 ton/ha, T4 -
vermicompost (VC) @ 5 ton/ha, T5 -50% FYM+ 50% RDCF, T6 - 50% VC + 50% RDCF, T7 - 50% VC + 50% FYM and T8 - 25%VC + 25%
FYM + 50% RDCF. Rice growth and development were observed better in the inorganic treated plot thanthe organic and INM treated plot.
RDCF treated plot given better response in all respect except the number of tillers per plant. FYM treated (T3) and vermicompost treated (T4)
produced lower test weight grain compare to RDCF (T2) by 5.35% and 6.30%, respectively. Similarly, grain yield was lower in T3 and T4 by
35.47% and 44.45%, respectively. The response of FYM and VC treated INM treatment T4 and T5 were observed at par with RDCF (T2) in
most cases. FYM and VC incorporated organic plot T7 given mixed response, whereas INM T8 was observed at par with RDCF in most
growth and yield parameters. The response of FYM was observed better than vermicompost in respect of rice yield and yield attributes. On
economics aspects, the highest net return and B:C ratio was generated by RDCF-T2 (2.12) followed by FYM treated T5 (1.58) and
vermicompost treated T6 (1.48). Organic manure treated T3 and T4 could not generate a nice net return due to high input costs. The
sustainable yield index (SYI) index of relative yield response compared to the highest yield treatment, was observed highest in RDCF-T2
followed by INM treated T5 and T6. The study results suggest that complete organic incorporation may reduce rice yield; however,integrated
nutrient management(INM) may be a better choice to sustain rice yield in the long term.
Keywords: Farmyard Manure (FYM), Vermicompost, Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Sustainable Yield Index (SYI)
GNRSA-2020/1016
ASSAY OF Α-TOCOPHEROL BY NEWLY SYNTHESIZED TETRAZOLIUM SALT AS ANALYTICAL REAGENT
MAMTA KAMBOJ, ASHWANI KUMAR*

Department of Chemistry٫ Kurukshetra University٫ Kurukshetra 136119٫ India
The proposed method implicates the assay of α-tocopherol in distinct edibles by using the newly synthesized tetrazolium salt 2-phenyl-3-(2-
thiazolyl)-5-(2-thiophene) tetrazolium bromide (PTTT). The reduction behavior of vitamin E i.e. it reduces colorless tetrazolium salt into
colored formazan, which gives absorption maxima at 537 nm and utilized to quantify it in various comestible samples. Sample treatment done
by saponification at a temperature of 70 ◦C for 2 hours in slightly basic medium (pH 8 - 9) for the reduction of tetrazolium salt by vitamin E.
The oxidation-reduction reaction occurs instantaneously and Beer's law is obeyed within the concentration range 0.1 μg/mL - 40.0 μg/mL.
The molar absorptivity was found to be 9.5 (×) 10 4 L mol-1cm-1 along with Sandell's sensitivity 0.0045 (×) 10-6. The limit of detection and
limit of quantification was found to be 0.067 and 0.21 respectively.
GNRSA-2020/1017
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF CULTIVATED TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM
L.)
ASHUTOSH SINGH AND CHETHAN S.

College of Horticulture & Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Gwalior Road, Jhansi – 284003
Tomato is one of the important solanaceous vegetable crops consumed after potato across the world. Nutritional quality of tomato including
biomolecules and pigments may enhance the dietary importance. The biochemical indicators like starch, sugar organic acid vitamins, pectin
and tannin substances determination is one of the important strategies for characterization of quality parameters of tomato fruit. Particularly
tomato is the richest source of vitamin A and Vitamin C. Reducing sugar and starch is the major carbohydrate found in fruits as well as in the
whole plants of the tomato. The starch content is low in the fruits just formed as compared to mature fruits. The enzyme activities and
presence of peroxidase, catalase and α amylase during growth and ripening of the tomato fruits are also the important and useful determinants
than can increase the importance and market value of the cultivated tomato genotypes. Lycopene is another important determinant, which
increase the value of tomato fruits. However, the detection of these parameters and standardization of protocols is one of the powerful tools
for biochemical analysis and future breeding programs for quality improvement of the tomato cultivars. The tomato cultivars inbuilt with
these parameters may increase the value, self life, post harvest and industrial processing.
GNRSA-2020/1018
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF AUXINS ON ROOTING PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT DAHLIA (DAHLIA
VARIABILIS L.) CULTIVARS
BHARTI SAO1 AND L. S. VERMA2

1
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.)
2
Associate Professor, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.)
A study on the impact of auxins (IBA and NAA) on two cultivars of dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) was conducted at Department of
Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), during the year
2019-20. The study revealed that among the two cultivars (Kenya Blue and Kenya Yellow) experimented, the highest rooting percentage was
recorded in the cultivar Kenya Blue (62.46 %) which was significantly higher than the rest one. Similar tendency of superiority was observed
for survival percentage, number of roots per cutting and root length, wherein the cultivar Kenya Blue took the least number of days for root
initiation (18.11 days). As for the different concentration of auxins used, IBA at the rate of 1000 ppm resulted in the maximum rooting
percentage (69.82 %) as compared to the rest of the treatments. Similar tendency of superiority was observed for number of roots per cutting
and root length, wherein IBA at the rate of 250 ppm + NAA at the rate of 250 ppm took the least number of days for root initiation (17.21
days). The highest survival percentage was recorded with treatment of NAA at the rate of 500 ppm (63.96 %) followed by NAA at the rate of
1000 ppm (56.39 %).
Keywords: Dahlia, cultivar, auxin, IBA, NAA, rooting percentage, root length
GNRSA-2020/1019
EFFECT OF TIME AND METHOD OF GRAFTING AND BUDDING IN ACACIA CATECHU WILLD. AND TOONA CILIATA M.
ROEM
LALIT THAKUR*, TARA GUPTA AND RAKESH KUMAR

Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry (Nauni) Solan (HP)-173
230 India
The study was carried to standardize the effect of time and method of grafting and budding in Acacia catechu and Toona ciliata. In the
experiment, three methods i.e. chip budding, tongue and cleft grafting were tried. The cleft grafting was most successful method of grafting in
both the species. The tongue grafting in Acacia catechu and chip budding in Toona ciliata were least successful methods in respective
species. For the effect of time, in Acacia catechu budding and grafting was done in three time periods viz. third week of April, second week
of May and fourth week of May. The fourth week of May was recorded most favourable time period and third week of April as the least
favourable time period for budding and grafting. However, in Toona ciliata from three time periods of budding and grafting viz. first week of
March, fourth week of March and third week of April, most favourable time period observed was fourth week of March and least favourable
time period was first week of March.
GNRSA-2020/1020
EFFECT OF CANOPY MANAGEMENT ON SOIL FERTILITY UNDER ALBIZIAPROCERA(ROXB.)BENTHBASED
AGRISILVICULTURE SYSTEM IN BUNDELKHAND REGION, INDIA
GARIMA GUPTA1 AND DEEPAK MAURYA2

1
Rani LakshamiBai, Central Agricultural University, Gwalior Road, Jhansi
2
National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata (RC)
Farmers has been raising and/or allowing trees in their crop fields in one or other forms since ages to meet multi needs of households. In
recent times this practice was coined agroforestry. Amidst global climate change, agroforestry has got more importance beyond livelihood
security. Researchers and planners are increasingly recommending agroforestry systems as a sustainable form of land use for augmentation of
biomass production in the agricultural systems and recently for mitigation of climate change by way of sequestering C in both standing
biomass and soil. Indirectly, it enriches soil, provides shelter, increases biodiversity, sequester C, prevent soil erosion, conserve water etc. For
soil enrichment, trees capture nutrients from deeper layers and add to the surface soil through leaf shedding (litterfall) and incorporation of
pruned biomass. Litter fall and pruned biomass consequent upon the decomposition release nutrients and results cumulative build up &/or
sustain soilfertility. In agroforestry, trees are managed in many ways to get increased and sustained yields of understory crops. Pruning is
among one of those management practices for allowing more sun energy to understory crops by reducing the canopy of standing trees. This
practice influences the litter production, andas less litter fall is expected from the pruned trees in comparison to unpruned trees resulting in
lower nutrient retrieval in soil and hence influencing enrichment in soil fertility. Hence, an investigation to this effect was carried out at
National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi to see the effect of pruning regimes/intensities in six years old established A. Procera
based agrisilviculture system on soil enrichment. Trees were managed as unpruned under fallow and cropping, pruning up to 50 % and 70 %
height of the tree each year in the month of October/November. Cropping and fallow without A. Procera land uses were also evaluated for
soil fertility build up. Soil samples were drawn, processed and analysed for soil enrichment by standard procedures.Results reveal that among
A. procera land uses, A. procera unpruned + crop brought significant decrease in soil pH and increase in SOC with significant improvement
at 0-5 cm soil depth and closer to tree trunk. Likewise, there was significantly higher cumulative availability of N, P, K and total N and P
under unpruned A. procera either with crops or fallow compared to A. procera pruned either at 50 or 70 % of tree height. Spatially,
availability of nutrients in soil under A. procera based land uses was significantly higher inward to the tree canopy in comparison to outward
of the canopy. Alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity decreased significantly at 4 m distance from trunk of A. procera that at 1 m
distance. Alkaline phosphatase activity in soil under A. procera land uses was in the order: A. procera unpruned + crop >A. procera
unpruned + fallow >A. procera pruned 50 % >A. procera pruned 70 % > cropping > fallow.
GNRSA-2020/1021
CONFERS SUBMERGENCE TOLERANCE TO RICE THROUGH SUB1A
ALOK KUMAR SINGH, KIRTI SINGH AND D. K. DWIVEDI

Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, AcharyaNarendra Deva University of agriculture and Technology,
Kumarganj Ayodhya
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food crop in the world, increasingly becoming important in Africa and Latin America in
recent years but due to submergence constraint adverse effect on production and productivity due to oxygen deprivation. Most rice cultivars
die within a week of complete submergence.The mechanism of submergence tolerance to include metabolic changes for instance shift to an
Ethanolic fermentation pathway and minimize the elongation growth for save carbohydrates and energy for maintenance processes, and
protective antioxidant systems. Losses due to submergence areminimizing by using SUB1A (for some indica and aus varieties). During
submergence condition ethylene synthesis is promoted and increase mRNA accumulation of SUB1A, Eventually SUB1A check the
suppression of gibbrelic acid and ethylene production and also responsible for increasing the level of brassinosteroids and increase the
degradation gibbrelic acid. Due to increasing of brassinosteroids, start the accumulation of DELLA protein. Under sub emergence condition
the SNORKES gene is promote accumulation of bioactiveGA in Internodes. Abscisic acid level decrease rapidly in deep water rice.
Degradation of ABA occur when hydroxylated to the unstable indeterminate in presence of ABA 8’ hydroxylase and then spontaneously
converted to phasic acid and further reduced inactive dihydrophaseic acid.
Keywords: Gibbrelic acid, Submergence,Brassinosteroids.
GNRSA-2020/1022
BIODIVERSITY: CONCEPT, THREATS AND CONSERVATION
PUNAM S. THAKUR
Shankarlal Agrawal Science College, Salekasa, Gondia, Maharashtra, India
Biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, micro-organisms, the genes they contain
and the ecosystem they form. It refers to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, species variation (number of species) within an area, biome
or planet. Relative to the range of habitats, biotic communities and ecological processes in the biosphere, biodiversity is vital in a number of
ways including promoting the aesthetic value of the natural environment, contribution to our material well-being through utilitarian values by
providing food, fodder, fuel, timber and medicine. Biodiversity is the life support system. Organisms depend on it for the air to breathe, the
food to eat, and the water to drink. Wetlands filter pollutants from water, trees and plants reduce global warming by absorbing carbon, and
bacteria and fungi break down organic material and fertilize the soil. It has been empirically shown that native species richness is linked to
the health of ecosystems, as is the quality of life for humans. The ecosystem services of biodiversity is maintained through formation and
protection of soil, conservation and purification of water, maintaining hydrological cycles, regulation of biochemical cycles, absorption and
breakdown of pollutants and waste materials through decomposition, determination and regulation of the natural world climate. Despite the
benefits from biodiversity, today’s threats to species and ecosystems are increasing day by day with alarming rate and virtually all of them are
caused by human mismanagement of biological resources often stimulated by imprudent economic policies, pollution and faulty institutions
in-addition to climate change. To ensure intra and intergenerational equity, it is important to conserve biodiversity. Some of the existing
measures of biodiversity conservation include; reforestation, zoological gardens, botanical gardens, national parks, biosphere reserves,
germplasm banks and adoption of breeding techniques, tissue culture techniques, social forestry to minimize stress on the exploitation of
forest resources.
GNRSA-2020/1023
GENETIC ENGINEERING: AN IMPORTANT TOOL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
SUNDAR PAL* AND AMIT KUMAR PATEL**

*Teaching Associate, Department of Entomology, RLBCAU, Jhansi (UP), India
** Teaching Associate, Department of Entomology, Dr.CV Raman University, Bhagwanpur, Bihar
Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. Use of
recombinant DNA methods to create genetically improved strains of arthropod natural enemies. Genetic improvement of arthropod natural
enemies to enhance their capacity to control pests has been achieved previously by artificial selection. Traditionally, humans have
manipulated genomes indirectly by controlling breeding and selecting offspring with desired traits. The production of transgenic plants that
express the insecticidal toxins produced by different strains of the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been sively reviewed. It is an
extensive range of preformed Natural insecticides. Different strains of Bt contain plasmids encoding toxins with different sequences, and
different specificities of action against insects. In the case of transgenic, whose products do not cause complete or almost complete mortality
in the target pest, the situation is very different. The control of pests produced by expression of these genes in transgenic plants could be
considerable enhanced if it were combined with biological control of the pest. Genetic engineering are used in different aspects like change
to protein, and gene sequence, express inhibitors of digestive proteinases like; serine proteinases; cysteine protein and amylases. Lectines
chemically specific binding component in plant tissue but its currently receiving most interest as insecticidal agents against homopteran plant
pests including aphids, leafhoppers, and plant hoppers and which routinely feed by phloem abstraction. Some evidence suggests that certain
hydrolytic enzyme (chitinases), oxidative (peroxidise & polyphenol oxidase), lipid oxidases (lipoxygenase & cholesterol oxidase), and
manipulation of secondary metabolism remains a goal for plant genetic engineers and exploitation to increase insect resistance in transgenic
crops is inevitable. Its play a useful role in decreasing pesticide usage, it is apparent that they must be compatible with the other components
of integrated pest management. In the absence of an IPM strategy to manage pests on transgenic crops, the farmer will continue to use a
broad-spectrum pesticide, which at least has the virtue of killing both the expected and unexpected pest species. Genetic engineering provides
a valuable tool for enhancement of some of the properties of insect’s natural enemies, but does not provide a panacea. It is unlikely that all
desirable traits can be adjusted by genetic means and fundamental research on behavioural and ecological aspects of natural enemy biology
remains extremely important.
GNRSA-2020/1024
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST PRODUCTIVITY: AN OVERVIEW
SOORAJ KUMAR, MANMOHAN J DOBRIYAL, PRABHAT TIWARI, SANA AISHA

Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi (U.P.)
Climate change is one of the major threats to the world. Forest productivity is the standing forest volume at a given time. Increasing of
atmospheric carbon di oxide concentration, nitrogen deposition and led to variations or declination of forest productivity. Climate change
affect directly and indirectly affect the productivity of forest with changes in temperature, rainfall, weather and other factors. In some studies,
it showed that elevated levels ofcarbon dioxide concentration have an effect on plant growth and productivity. Warming of temperature
increases the length of the growing season and shifts the geographic ranges of some of the tree species which leads to the reduction of
productivity due to the elimination of species. Increased temperature affects the seasonal variability availability of water which makes
chances to drought condition which reduces trees' ability to produce sap, for the protection from destructive insects such as pine beetles and
wildfire risk. Based on satellite and ground-based data, climatic changes seem to have a positive impact on forest productivity when water
was not limiting. Climate change create suitable environment for the pest and pathogen which attack forest species.These biotic perturbations
disrupt forest carbon dynamics either reduce or enhance net primary production (NPP), depending on pathogen type. More over climate
change affect negatively to the forest productivity, reduces the carbon storage and diversity of forest.
Key words: Climate change, Forest productivity, Net primary production, Carbon dioxide
GNRSA-2020/1025
NTFP MARKETING AND CONSTRAINTS IN INDIA
SANA AISHA, MANMOHAN J. DOBRIYAL, PRABHAT TIWARI, SOORAJ KUMAR

Non-Timber Forest Produces (NTFPs) also termed as ‘Minor Forest Produces’ are defined as, all biological materials, other than timber,
which are extracted from forest for human use. The collection of NTFPs is an unending occupation of tribes, formerly done only for their
subsistence and eventually emerged as a linchpin to tribal economy and plays an important role for the economy at both national and local
levels. As per the national statistics, more than 30 million people are employed in the sector of non-timber forest products. If NTFPs
collection and marketing is well organized then forest can provide much greater economic values as compare to clear-cutting to obtain
timber. Most of the NTFPs in India are perishable and sold intact without value addition in the local informal markets. Some products are
bought by middlemen at a low cost which are sold in city after processing at much higher prices. Lack of marketing information to local
producers deprive them of profit they could earn if they get in touch to formal marketing system. To tackle these problems the Union Cabinet,
in 2013 approved a centrally sponsored scheme ‘mechanism for marketing of minor forest produce (MFP) through minimum support price
(MSP) and development of value chain of MFP’. Before this scheme price of NTFPs was under control of TRIFED.The Scheme includes
proposals for procurement, infrastructure development, training, value addition, marketing and setting up of Van Dhan Vikas Kendras. Today
over 50 minor forest produce are under this scheme. Van Dhan Vikas Kendras are formed under the recently launched scheme ‘ Van Dhan
Scheme” in 2018 as a component of previous scheme. These programmes would address the formidable problems of NTFP marketing such as
restrictions in collection of minor forest produce, exploitation through middlemen, displacement from forest areas, lack of development in
forest villages etc.
GNRSA-2020/1026
NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 3,9-DICYANO 2-IMINO-6- METHYL-4,8-BIS(METHYLTHIO)-2H-PYRIMIDO [1,6-A]PYRIMIDINE.
GIRISH DESHMUKH*1, CHANDA GAWANDE2

1. ShankarlalAgrawal Science College, Salekasa, Gondia, Maharashtra, India
2. S.ChandraMahilaMahavidyalaya, Amgaon, Maharashtra, India
The heterocyclic compoundschemistry is currently experiencing a revival because of the interest in these scaffolds as templates for
combinatorial chemistry. As aromatic heterocyclic compounds are present in various natural products and are parts of many therapeutic
agents, they show ideal drug-like structures for the elaboration and increase in molecular diversity. Pyrimidinesand fused pyrimido-
pyrimidine derivatives represent a class of compounds with biological significance because of their close resemblance with purines and
pyrimidine systems. Numerous reports have been patented and have explained the antibacterial, antioxidant, antiallergic, antiviral and
hepatoprotective properties of fused pyrimidines.The literature reveal that there is no reference available in the literature on 3,9-dicyano 2-
imino-6-methyl-4,8-bis(methylthio)-2H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidine(2.20) and its substituted derivatives. Hence in the present work, we report
the synthesis 3,9-dicyano 2-imino-6-methyl-4,8-bis(methylthio)-2H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidine(2.20). The compound (2.20) was prepared by
condensation of 4-amino-2-methyl-6-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(2.18) with bis (methylthio) methylene malanonitrile(2.19) in
DMF and anhydrous K2CO3 as catalyst.
GNRSA-2020/1027
CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN UPSCALING OF GROUNDNUT CULTIVATION AMONG SOCIALLY &
ECONOMICALLY DEPRIVED STAKEHOLDERS IN BUNDLEKHAND
ASHUTOSH SHARMA, SANJEEV KUMAR, BHARAT LAL, ARPIT SURYAWANSHI, SATI SHANKAR SINGH
Groundnut is a major crop in kharif for the farmers in Bundelkhand region for its soil suitability. A Survey was conducted & constraints in
adoption of new production technologies of groundnut by Schedule Caste farm families in Datia district of Bundelkhand. 150 farm families
were selected from 4 villages namely Noner, Mustara. Kumaria, Piprauakaln. The major constraints identified were Non availability of plant
protection chemicals, Non availability of farm inputs due to COVID and Lockdown, Changing climate and erratic rainfall, market away from
the farm, lack of inventory are found.The front-line demonstration conducted at 150 farm field at aforesaid stakeholders have reveled that
there is opportunity to improve the livelihood of such economically deprived stakeholders by upscaling of new knowledge of groundnut
production technologies adoption. The critical input like seed, small farm implements, irrigation management at critical stage and need based
plant protection are important steps in upscaling of such technologies.Bold seeded were more preferred and fetched a good market value and
it give an insight over the importance over understanding marketing aspects and linking those value in the farming so that there could be
change in perception that mere production of farm products is not going to add in the livelihood security but understanding market linkage
and market forces are equally predominant and vital aspects which are needed to be understood and act upon.
GNRSA-2020/1028
SPLICE VARIANT OF CONSTANS RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING THEFLOWERING BEHAVIORIN ARABIDOPSIS
THALIANA
ABHISHEK KUMAR1, ANAMIKA SINGH2 AND KISHORE C S PANIGRAHI3

1
Department of Biotechnology, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Gwalior Road, Near Pahuj Dam, Jhansi–284003 (U.P.),
India.
2 & 3
School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar,(HomiBhabha National
Institute, Mumbai ) Jatni, Odisha, 752050
Arabidopsis thailiana (At)is known as a model plantssince its life cycle is very short as compare to other agricultural crops which is about the
more than sixty days beside a facultative long day (LD) plant. The growth and development of the Atplant with the flowering time is
influenced by the critical light period, called photoperiod. During the long day circadian rhythm it flowers earlier as compare to short day
condition (SDs, of about 16h dark and 8h light cycles) and therefore photoperiodic regulation of flowering time is play pivotal role in growth
and development of the At. It is known that both in LDs and SDs conditions many more networking genes involved with prominentone a
plant specific nuclear protein GIGANTEA, which is the transcriptionally up regulate the most important key player a B-box zinc finger
protein CONSTANS (CO) working in downstream in same long day pathway. The stability of CONSTANSprotein dependent on the
synergistic activity of both the type of light photoreceptor such as far-red PHYA, blue light photoreceptors CRY1 and CRY2. Thereby overall
synergetic interaction increasing the CO protein as has been proposed in the external coincidence model of photoperiodic flowering time
control. The accumulation of CO activates the transcription of flowering locus T (FT). CO strongly induces FT expression by directly binding
to FT promoter. Over-expression of CO has been shown to abolish the photoperiod discrimination and therefore leads to flowering roughly at
similar time frame in both LDs and SDs.In-silicodata suggested another possible improper splice form of CONSTANS (COβ). However, how
the improper splicing form of transcript (COβ) is formed is not known. In current study we demonstrated that in the absence of
GIGANTEA improper splicing of CONSTANS occur and that delays flowering.
Keywords: Arabidopsis, photoperiod, Phytochrome, Cryptochromes.
GNRSA-2020/1029
PERFORMANCE OF BAEL (AEGLE MARMELOS) VARIETIES IN CENTRAL INDIA
RAHUL DONGRE
AICRP on Arid Zone Fruits, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur
The present investigation was carried out at 8 years old Orchard of Bael under AICRP on Arid Zone Fruits, Department of Horticulture,
JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P. Seven cultivars of Bael viz., Goma Yashi, Narendra Bael -5, NB-7, NB-9, NB-17, CISH Bael-1, CISH Bael-2
planted at the centre and were evaluated for their comparative growth performance. The trials were laid out in RBD with three replications
and one plant per unit. The data on morphological characters viz, plant height, stem diameter, Plant spread in East-west and North-south
directions, and number of branches were recorded. Data indicated that plant height ranged from 405.75 to 562.75 cm, stem diameter from
19.68 to 33.25 cm, number of branches from 18.00 to 33.60, plant spread East-West direction from 360.20 to 412.20 cm and North – South
spread 328.10 to 498.40 cm. The maximum plant height (562.75cm.) was recorded in CISH Bael-1 followed by Narendra Bael -7 (480.40),
maximum branches (25.46) was recorded in Goma Yashi followed by Narendra Bael -17(25.95), Whereas, maximum spread in direction
East- West (502.90cm) and North- South (498.40) were recorded in Narendra Bael -17. Maximum stem diameter (38.10cm) was recorded in
CISH-1. The maximum fruit per plant was recorded in variety Narendra Bael -17 (25.333) followed by CISH-1 (21.00).
Key Words: Aegle marmelos, morphological characters and fruit
GNRSA-2020/1030
CRISPR TOOLS FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
SWETA MISHRA1*, SHAILESH KUMAR2, NEELESH KAPOOR1, ANIL SIROHI1 AND SANJAY YADAV1
1
Department of Fingerprinting, College of Biotechnology, SVPUAT, Meerut, UP.
2
Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar.
Genome editing technologies have revolutionized crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas9 has broadened the agricultural research area, bringing in
new opportunities to develop novel plant varieties with deletion of detrimental traits or addition of significant characters. This RNA guided
genome editing technology is groundbreaking innovation which is a constantly advancing technology for generating knockouts; making
precise modifications, multiplex genome engineering, and activation and repression of target genes. The performance of CRISPR/Cas relies
on well-designed single guide RNA (sgRNA), so a lot of bioinformatics tools have been developed to assist the design of highly active and
specific sgRNA. These tools vary in design specifications, parameters and genomes. Being a new area, a user needs a convenient and reliable
means to facilitate genome editing experiments at every step, from the guide RNA design to analysis of editing outcomes, choose their proper
sgRNA design tools that focus on on-target efficiency prediction, off-target detection and predict the results of CRISPR-Cas edits. CRISPR-
P, CRISPRdirect, CRISPR design tool, CRISPRseek, CC-TOP, CasFinder, CRISPR Local CRISPR target, CRISPR Finder, ATUM,
CRISPOR, E-CRISP CRISPR-DT and many more CRISPR tools can be efficiently used for genome editing experiments for crop
improvement.
GNRSA-2020/1031
INFLUENCE OF N AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH, FLOWERING AND BULBS PRODUCTION OF
TUBEROSE (POLIANTHES TUBEROSA L.) CV. DOUBLE.
ANIRUDHA KUMAR SHARMA, M. S. RATHI, J. SINGH AND RASHMI NIGAM*

Department of Horticulture, *Department of Plant Pathology, J. V. College, Baraut, Baghpat (C C S Univ., Meerut)
The present investigation was conducted at Horticulture research farm Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat. The experiment carried out
following randomized block design with three replications of twelve treatment combinations three levels GA 3 and three dose of nitrogen .In
which Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Double is used to study on growth, flowering and bulb production response of GA 3 (100, 150
and 200 ppm) and three dose of nitrogen (100, 125, and 150kg/ha) along with having control. Growth regulators results also indicated that,
GA3 150 ppm and nitrogen @125kg/ha decreases the days to sprouting and increases maximum number of sprout per bulb as compared to
other treatment of gibberellic acid, while GA 3 200 ppm and nitrogen @ 125kg/ha observed the better effect on number of leaves per plant,
length of leaf, days taken to first flowering spike initiation, number of florets per spike, length of spike, number of spikes per plant, weight of
spike and number of bulbs per plant.
GNRSA-2020/1032
CULTIVATION AND USES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AMONG MEDICINAL PLANTS GROWERS OF MADHYA PRADESH:
A STUDY
REEMA KHOBRAGADE
Ph.D. Scholar, MGCGV, Chitrakoot, Satna
As the globe is awakened to the calls of environmental problems and health hazards, more and more people are showing interest in natural,
safer and economical herbal medicines rather than the expensive chemical drugs that have many side effects. World Health Organisation
(WHO) has estimated that 80 percent of the populations in developing countries rely on traditional medicines; mostly plant drugs, for their
primary health care needs. India has about seven lakh registered practitioners belonging to Ayurveda, Unani, Tibetian, etc. These systems of
medicine solely depend upon herbal products for medical treatment. Traditional knowledge refers to the knowledge of naturally available
resources and existing practices among community groups that have long-contributed a particular benefit for the sustenance of the group,
particularly within the health care context. India is considered as botanical garden of the world and treasure house of the biodiversity. The
Indian system of medicine has identified 1500 medicinal plants of which 500 species are mostly used in the preparation of drugs and use of
healthcare. Irregularities in marketing of medicinal plants, Lack of uniformity, adulteration, unstable price, exploitation by middlemen, false
promise of 'buyback' by foreign players, illegal trade, etc. are paralyzing the marketing of medicinal plants. So the market potential of
medicinal plants remains untapped since a long time. In the above context, the transformation processes of commercialization and
diversification in agriculture necessitates the inclusion of medicinal plants. This process will help farmers to sustain and diversify their
income from multiple sources to meet the risks and uncertainties.
Key Words: Medicinal plant, growers and health.
GNRSA-2020/1033
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROPS ADAPTATION AND STRATEGIES TO COMBAT ITS OUTCOME
MANOJ KUMAR1*, VIMAL KUMAR, MANOJ KUMAR PRAJAPATI, LALIT YADAV, JITENDRA KUMAR
Department of Fruit Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
Department of Plant Pathology, GovindBallabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Panthnagar
Department of Vegetable Science,ChandraShekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and
abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes
in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global
change of atmospheric CO2 or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention
of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide.
According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes. To date,
food security and ecosystem resilience are the most concerning subjects worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the
negative impact of climate variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically. In this paper, we
summarize the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and
biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering
techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants. Hence,
researchers need to focus on optimizing plant growth and development in abiotic stresses. For crop resistance against biotic and abiotic
stresses, propagating novel cultural methods, implementing various cropping schemes and different conventional and non-conventional
approaches will be adopted to save agriculture in the future. Breeding approaches will help to develop climate resilient crops with better
adaptability under drought and heat. Genome wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection (GS) with high throughput phenotyping,
and genotyping strategies are significant in identifying the different genes for crop improvement under climate change. Genetic engineering
approaches have been significantly applied to develop transgenic plants with enhanced resistance against different biotic and abiotic stress
responses. In future, we have to make eco-friendly genome edited crops through a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing to battle against
climate change.
GNRSA-2020/1034
SUSTAINABILITY OF BIODIVERSITY RESOURCES AND THEIR CONSERVATION
MANOJ KUMAR1*,VIMAL KUMAR, MANOJ KUMARPRAJAPATI, LALITYADAV, JITENDRA KUMAR
Biodiversity is a variability of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, micro-organisms, the genes they contain
and the ecosystem they form. It refers to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, species variation (number of species) within an area, biome
or planet. Relative to the range of habitats, biotic communities and ecological processes in the biosphere, biodiversity is vital in a number of
ways including promoting the aesthetic value of the natural environment, contribution to our material well-being through utilitarian values by
providing food, fodder, fuel, timber and medicine. Biodiversity is the life support system. Organisms depend on it for the air to breathe, the
food to eat, and the water to drink. Wetlands filter pollutants from water, trees and plants reduce global warming by absorbing carbon, and
bacteria and fungi break down organic material and fertilize the soil. It has been empirically shown that native species richness is linked to
the health of ecosystems, as is the quality of life for humans. The ecosystem services of biodiversity is maintained through formation and
protection of soil, conservation and purification of water, maintaining hydrological cycles, regulation of biochemical cycles, absorption and
breakdown of pollutants and waste materials through decomposition, determination and regulation of the natural world climate. Despite the
benefits from biodiversity, today’s threats to species and ecosystems are increasing day by day with alarming rate and virtually all of them are
caused by human mismanagement of biological resources often stimulated by imprudent economic policies, pollution and faulty institutions
in-addition to climate change. To ensure intra and intergenerational equity, it is important to conserve biodiversity. Some of the existing
measures of biodiversity conservation include; reforestation, zoological gardens, botanical gardens, national parks, biosphere reserves, gene
sanctuary, germplasm banks and adoption of breeding techniques, tissue culture techniques, social forestry to minimize stress on the
exploitation of forest resources.The focus on biodiversity and conservation is management of all natural resources including biodiversity,
heritage, and conservation matters in a manner that ensures equitable and sustainable use, conservation, management, and, where necessary,
the restoration of this resource base. It also focuses on mitigating threats to resources as a basis for sustainable and inclusive socioeconomic
development, which facilitates sustainable economic growth and development.
GNRSA-2020/1035
APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS I.E. GENOME EDITING AND CROP IMPROVEMENT USING CRISPR-
CAS9
MANOJ KUMAR PRAJAPATI1*,JITESH KUMAR, MANOJ KUMAR, LALITYADAV, JITENDRA KUMAR
The challenge for all disciplines of agriculture is to increases production and improves the quality of produce. As a global scenario, plant
diseases are a major challenges and biotic constraints which leads to significant crop yield losses in terms of both quantity and quality of the
produce. But in current scenario, due to the changing climatic conditions, the plant pathogenic organisms have developed the different types
of resistance mechanisms against pesticides and also emergence of new race of the pathogens in environment through which diseases caused
by the pathogens has become resistant which is very difficult task to manage it effectively by adopting the traditional approaches. But due to
the advancements in Genome editing technologies have revolutionized the fields of functional genomics and crop improvement.
CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 is a multipurpose technology for genetic engineering that relies
on the complementarity of the guideRNA (gRNA) to a specific sequence and the Cas9 endonuclease activity. It has broadened the
agricultural research area, bringing in new opportunities to develop novel plant varieties with deletion of detrimental traits or addition of
significant characters. This RNA guided genome editing technology is turning out to be a groundbreaking innovation in distinct branchesof
plant biology. CRISPR technology is constantly advancing including options for various genetic manipulations like generating knockouts;
making precise modifications, multiplex genome engineering, and activation and repression of target genes. The rapid evolution of
CRISPR/Cas9 tools with myriad functionalities, capabilities, and specialized applications have proven to be very much effective strategy up
to great extent including plant nutritional improvement, enhancement of plant disease resistance and production of drought tolerant plants. In
conclusion, CRISPR-Cas9 technology boasts of a promising future in making the desired mutation in plants because it has transformed and
metamorphosed our potential to modify andregulate prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. The prevalent use of this technology will surely
expedite its pace.
GNRSA-2020/1036
APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES (NPS) IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ITS CURRENT STATUS
MANOJ KUMAR PRAJAPATI1*, JITESH KUMAR, MANOJ KUMAR, LALIT YADAV, JITENDRA KUMAR
In the era of climate change, global agricultural systems are facing numerous, unprecedented challenges. In order to achieve food security,
advanced nanotechnology is a versatile and multipurpose tool for boosting crop production and assuring sustainability. Nanotechnology helps
to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nanomaterials offer a wider specific
surface area to fertilizers and pesticides. In addition, nanomaterials as unique carriers of agrochemicals which facilitate the site-targeted and
site-specific controlled delivery of nutrients, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and insecticides at exact site and location with increased crop
protection. Nano-tools and devices such as nanobiosensors, nanosensor which support the development of high-tech agricultural farms.Nano-
DNA crystals based process provides delivery of macromolecules, recycling of agricultural waste, biosensor, silkworm industry and honey
bee culture etc. The integration of biotechnology and nanotechnology into nanosensors has greatly increased and improved their potential to
sense and identify the environmental conditions or impairments and detection of plant diseases. Thus recent attempts at innovative approach
of nanotechnologies in agriculture that may help to meet the rising demand for food and environmental sustainability. Moreover, this new
technology is also helpful in the Nano-DNA Crystals process, Recycling of Agricultural Waste, Biosensor, Silkworm Industry and Honey bee
culture etc. At present though the application of nanotechnology in agriculture is in infant stage, this new technology in all its domains will be
discovered gradually and will help in orientation of our agriculture and society today to new heights in the future; hence it is very much
necessary to nurture the new technology in a sustainable way.
GNRSA-2020/1037
TRANSGENIC IN AGRICULTURE: APPLICATIONS, CONCERNS, BIOSAFETY AND STATUS OFTRANSGENIC CROPS IN
INDIA
MANOJ KUMAR PRAJAPATI1*,JITESH KUMAR, MANOJ KUMAR, LALITYADAV, JITENDRA KUMAR
Biotechnology has opened unprecedented avenues for exploring biological systems. One of the key techniques in genetic engineering is gene
transfer, which involves transfer of recombinant DNA into plant cells to generate transgenic plants. Genes and genomes from a wide range of
organisms are being manipulated for the benefit of mankind. Application of genetic engineering in agriculture has produced significant
achievements such as yield improvement of major food crops. India is rich in bio-resources and biodiversity by which biotechnology explores
opportunities for converting biological wealth into economic wealth, thereby creating new employment opportunities on an environmentally
and socially sustainable basis. Biotech cropstransgenic crops have been cultivated globally for the past two decades with no negative impact
on human beings,animals and the environment. Transgenic crops have been developed to incorporate various traits such as insect pest
resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, altered nutritional profile, enhanced storage life etc. The benefits of their use include
increased crop yields, reduction in farm costs and thereby increase in farm profit as well as protection of the environment. Research is
focused on a second generation of transgenic crops that feature increased nutritional and/orindustrial traits such as easy process ability.
Although the development of transgenic crops using recombinant DNA techniques isrelatively recent, their applications are increasing rapidly
because of advantages over the conventional crops. However, as more and more transgenic crops are released for field testing and
commercialization, concerns have been expressed regarding potential risks to both human health and environment. Safety of GM crops being
a serious issue, it is important to ensure that India has adequate regulatory measures and infrastructures to combat the impact of GM crops.
The Government of India trusts that the National Seeds Policy will receive the fullest support of State Governments/Union Territory
Administrations, State Agricultural Universities, plant breeders, seed producers, the seed industry and all other stakeholders, so that it may
serve as a catalyst to meet the objectives of sustainable development of agriculture, food and nutritional security for the population, and
improved standards of living for farming communities.
GNRSA-2020/1038
INNOVATIVE PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY FROM WASTES AND BIOWASTE
MANAGEMENT
MANOJ KUMAR1*,VIMAL KUMAR, LALITYADAV, BUDHESHPRATAP SINGH, JITENDRA KUMAR

Waste management is essential for sustainability of social, economical and environmental aspects but it depends upon socioeconomic,
political, and environmental factors. More countries are shifting toward recycling as compared to land filling; thus, different researchers have
presented the zero waste concept, considering the importance of sustainability. The principal aim is to maximise the use of biowastes as
nutrient resources for long-term food security and ensuring food safety and environmental and soil sustainability and also to protect, support
and enhance ecosystem services i.e.. soil infiltration, long term nutrient/carbon storage, pollutant attenuationThis review was conducted to
provide information about different well established and new/emerging technologies which could be used to recover nutrients from wastes
and bring zero waste concepts in practical life. Technologies can be broadly divided into the triangle of nutrient accumulation, extraction, and
release. Physiochemical mechanisms, plants, and microorganisms (algae and prokaryotic) could be used to accumulate nutrients. Extraction
of nutrient is possible through electrodialysis and crystallization while nutrient release can occur via thermochemical and biochemical
treatments. Primary nutrients, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are used globally and are non-renewable. Augmented upsurges in
prices of inorganic fertilizers and required discharge restrictions on nutrients have stimulated technological developments. Thus, well-proven
technologies, such as biochar, composting, vermicomposting, composting with biochar, pyrolysis, and new emerging technologies (forward
osmosis and electro-dialysis) have potential to recover nutrients from wastes. Therefore, reviewing the present and imminent potential of
these technologies for adaptation of nutrient recycling from wastes is of great importance. Since waste management is a significant concern
all over the globe and technologies, e.g., landfill, combustion, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification, are available to manage generated
wastes, they have adverse impacts on society and on the environment. Thus, climate-friendly technologies, such as composting,
biodegradation, and anaerobic decomposition, with the generation of non-biodegradable wastes need to be adopted to ensure a sustainable
future environment. Furthermore, environmental impacts of technology could be quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA). Therefore, LCA
could be used to evaluate the performance of different environmentally-friendly technologies in waste management and in the designing of
future policies. LCA, in combination with other approaches, may prove helpful in the development of strategies and policies for the selection
of dynamic products and processes.
GNRSA-2020/1039
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROPS ADAPTATION AND STRATEGIES TO COMBAT ITS OUTCOME
MANOJ KUMAR1*, VIMAL KUMAR, MANOJ KUMAR PRAJAPATI, LALIT YADAV, JITENDRA KUMAR
Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and
abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes
in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global
change of atmospheric CO2 or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention
of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide.
According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes. To date,
food security and ecosystem resilience are the most concerning subjects worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the
negative impact of climate variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically. In this paper, we
summarize the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and
biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering
techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants. Hence,
researchers need to focus on optimizing plant growth and development in abiotic stresses. For crop resistance against biotic and abiotic
stresses, propagating novel cultural methods, implementing various cropping schemes and different conventional and non-conventional
approaches will be adopted to save agriculture in the future. Breeding approaches will help to develop climate resilient crops with better
adaptability under drought and heat. Genome wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection (GS) with high throughput phenotyping,
and genotyping strategies are significant in identifying the different genes for crop improvement under climate change. Genetic engineering
approaches have been significantly applied to develop transgenic plants with enhanced resistance against different biotic and abiotic stress
responses. In future, we have to make eco-friendly genome edited crops through a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing to battle against
climate change.
GNRSA-2020/1040
MANAGEMENT OF INSECT-PEST AND PATHOGEN BY INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
Y.PREMICA DEVI ⃰ , W. TAMPAKLEIMA CHANU ⃰ AND BIJEETA THANGJAM ⃰
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture , Central Agricultural University, Imphal , Manipur-795004
Intercropping is the agronomic practice of growing two or more crops in the same field at the same time. It has been used throughout history
and remains common among farmers of small land holdings in the tropics. The use of intercropping system provides an option for insect
control for organic farmers that are limited in their chemical use. Additionally, intercropping systems can be attractive to conventional
growers as a cost-effective insect control solution. There are lots of benefits of adopting intercropping , among them- one of the most
important is reduction in susceptibility to insects and diseases. The mechanisms by which intercrops affect the disease dynamics include
alteration of wind , rain , and vector dispersal; modification of microclimate, especially temperature and moisture; changes in host
morphology and physiology; and direct pathogen inhibition. In phenomenological research comparing disease in monocrops and intercrops,
primarily due to foliar fungi, intercropping reduced disease in 73% of more than 200 studies. So as to maintain the sustainable agriculture and
to reduce the ill-effects of agrochemicals , we may develop a theoretical grounding that allows us to improve the application of intercropping
for tropical smallholders and industrial farmers alike.
Key Words : Intercropping , Conventional , Monocrop , Sustainable , Agrochemical.
GNRSA-2020/1041
APPROACHES OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT
BHUPENDRA SINGH*1, ELLURU SIREESHA2 AND REETESH PRATAP SINGH3
1&3
Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) 250110
2
Department of Entomology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, (U.K.) 263124
Biological control is the use of non-chemical and environmentally friendly methods of controlling insect pests by the action of natural control
agents. In recent decades, the increase use of biological control is due to its safety, species specific and long-term action on the target pests.
Unlike chemical method, which kills non target species, cause detrimental health effects to human beings and pollute environment. In recent
decades, elevated awareness of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and human health have resulted in efforts to reduce reliance
on chemical controls. Thus the biologically based technologies such as biological control could be more widely used to solve pressing needs
in pest management. The use of natural enemies to reduce the impacts of pests has a long history. Predators and parasitoids have been
employed in the management of insect pests for centuries. There are 3 general approaches of biological control viz., importation,
augmentation and conservation of natural enemies which are widely accepted. Typical example is the use of Trichogramma Wasp to control
various lepidopterous pests that attack cultivated plants in a great variety of Agro-ecosystems, such as corn, sugarcane, rice and vegetables at
pre-damage stage. Unfortunately, farmers do not generally use biocontrol products due to lack of rapid and adequate control and effect of
insecticide drift from neighboring fields on the control agents.Farmers should also be motivated to use this form of biological control to
reduce environmental impacts of pesticide use.
Keywords:- Biological control, natural enemies, predators and parasitoids
GNRSA-2020/1042
IMPACT OF ELEVATED TROPOSPHERIC O3 AND ELEVATED CO2 ON SOIL EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME ACTIVITY
RESPONSE
BHAWANA JOSHI1,2,*, ANITA CHAUDHARY1, SWATI TRIPATHI2, ARTI BHATIA1
1
CESCRA, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
2
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, AMITY University, Noida, U.P. 201313, India
The ongoing climate change due to anthropogenic activities can significantly influence the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems.
Climate change factors such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and ozone (O3) can impact soil systems indirectly by altering plant
growth & metabolism, root biomass & exudates. It can subsequently affect the belowground carbon (C) allocation for soil microorganisms
thereby exerting significant impacts on the ecosystem level processes mediated by soil microbes. Understanding the impact of climate change
drivers on soil metabolic and biochemical activities will help to apprehend global climate change more clearly. The present study was
conducted to assess the individual effects of elevated levels of CO 2 (ECO2; 550 ppm) and tropospheric O3 (EO3; 70 ppb) as well as of their
interaction [ECO2 + EO3] on microbial biomass and soil extracellular enzyme activities in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop grown in Free
Air Ozone and Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FAOCE) rings under field conditions. The potential activities of extracellular hydrolytic
enzymes: β- glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and phosphatase were
measured following the fluorimetric technique. Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) and Nitrogen (MBN) along with soil urease and
dehydrogenase enzyme activities were also assessed. Results obtained established that ECO 2 stimulated the activity of β- glucosidase,
cellobiohydrolase as well as increased the MBC as compared to the ambient conditions, however, elevated O3 diminished this response.
Interactive effects of ECO2 and EO3, decreased the inhibitive effect of EO3 on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. This study
provides insight to the soil metabolic and biochemical response and alteration in plant growth under projected climate change.
Keywords: Elevated CO2, Elevated O3, soil extracellular enzymes, Microbial biomass.
GNRSA-2020/1043
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF LENTIL GENOTYPES TO HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS AT
REPRODUCTIVE STAGE
PRIYA CHUGH
Graphic Era Hill Univeristy, Dehradun, 248002
Lentil (Lens CulinarisMedik. L.) is the second most important rabi pulse crop next to chickpea and is the richest source of protein. Due to
intensive cropping pattern, it is often sown late and encounter heat stress at their reproductive stage. High temperature stress affects
negatively to plant growth and productivity. Therefore, understanding the effect of high temperature on physiological metabolism will help in
elucidating the potential mechanism to cope up with heat stress and alsoto identify the tolerant genotypes. The present study was conducted in
pulses research area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana. The thirty-three lentil genotypeswere raised in factorial
randomized block design in three replication under timely and late sown condition. Heat tolerance screening was carried outbased
onphenological, physiological and yield attributes traits. Out of 33 genotypes three genotypes were selected as tolerant genotypes (LL1372,
LL1361 and LL1396) and three as sensitive (EC78390, LL1380 and LL1390 for detailed analysis. Tolerant genotypes showed considerable
increase in biomass plant-1by 27.87% and relative water content by 15.0%. However membrane stability percentage varied from 66.65 to
60.07 in tolerant genotypes and from 45.28% to 20.89% in sensitive genotypes. The decline in leaf area index, photosynthetic efficiency and
higher canopy temperature was reported in sensitive genotypes. The viability of pollens in tolerant and sensitive genotypes is insignificant but
germination was significantly affected by high temperature stress. The above studied traits contributes towards enhancing high productivity
by unravelling their physiological mechanism can help the cultivars to perform well in normal and stress condition
Keywords: High temperature, Climate change, Lentil, Reproductive stage
GNRSA-2020/1044
DIRECT REGENERATION PROTOCOL TO ASSIST MICROPROPAGATION TECHNOLOGY OF AN IMPORTANT HERB
PICRORHIZAKURROA.
GEETA RAWAT* AND A.K. GAUR

Bioprospecting and Metabolomics Lab, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Uttarakhand
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (263145)
In order to sustained maintenance of Picrorhizakurroa,direct regeneration protocol has been optimized using auxiliary shoot tips of varying
size as an explant.Auxiliary shoot tips were established in culture vessels containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal mediawith different
regimes of plant growth substances Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) (0mg/l-1.0mg/l)and Kinetin (Kn) (0mg/l-1.0mg/l) to observe their effect on
direct regeneration of shoots. Highest shooting was observed at BAP(0.5mg/l) and Kn (1.0mg/l) this observation was extrapolated as
92.33±2.08% towards shooting response based on average shoot number 24±1.73 and average shoot length 4.35±0.21(cm). Thesemicroshoots
were transferred into in vitro rooting MS media supplemented with various regimes of auxins 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)
(0.0mg/l-1.0mg/l) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.0mg/l-1.0mg/l).Upon recording the data of rhizogenesis, highest root frequency was
observed at 2,4-D(0.8mg/l) and IAA (0.4mg/l) this observation data of rooting was extrapolated toward 97±3.60% as a highest rooting
response based on average root number 19.33±2.08 and average root length 6.1±0.36(cm). In another study, leaf explants of varying sizes and
orientations were established in vitro in culture vessels having MS basal medium supplemented with different plant growth substances 0.75
mg/l IBA as an auxin and 0.75mg/l TDZ as a shoot inducing substance with different soluble Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP)(0-1.0mg/l)
concentration to combat with phenolics. It was found that PVP(0.25mg/l) concentration has the most suitable effect in order to control
adverse effect of phenolics.Our observations established a protocol for direct regeneration from auxiliary buds and leaf explants as well these
directly regenerated plantlets however are to be adjudged for hardening which in turn shall be utilized successfully for mass multiplicationof
this plant initially in a small area of farmers field of hilly terrains especially of Uttarakhand. Further such studies are quite important as they
provide rapid and large-scale propagation protocols if not completely then partially.
GNRSA-2020/1045
EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST, FYM AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON SOIL ENZYMES, LABILE ORGANIC CARBON
FRACTIONS AND SOIL CARBON STORAGE
SUKANYA GHOSH#1 AND JAIPAUL2

1- Assistant Professor, SOA, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun- 248002
2- Professor, Deptt. Of Soil Science, COA, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar
Field experiment was conducted during rabi and kharif seasons of 2017-19 at Experimental site of Agroforestry Research Centre (old site)
near Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment was laid
in Randomized Complete Block Design comprising of nine nutrient treatments (chemical fertilizers and its substitution with organics) to
study their effects on soil properties under an established poplar agroforestry system with wheat- urd bean cropping sequence.
The status of Walkley black carbon showed a growing trend over the years. In control, it was 5.13 g C kg -1, whereas combined use of NPK
fertilizers and FYM+VC in 50:50 ratio increased it by 23.5 and 33.2% over T1. With 100 per cent (NPK+FYM+VC) application, the highest
concentrations of various carbon pools were found, whereas the control plot displayed the lowest amounts. Regardless of depths, the optimal
application of NPK:FYM+VC in 50:50 on N basis demonstrated a higher concentration of organic carbon pools in the soil relative to both
controls taken in the study. All the treatments showed higher accumulation of soil organic carbon fractions in surface soil as compared to
subsurface soil. Growing crops without fertilization reduced the percentages of organic carbon fractions. Active and passive soil organic
carbon fractions were at peak with joint application of NPK and FYM at all depths of the soil. Active pool (C frac1 and Cfrac2) of soil organic
carbon contributed more to total carbon in comparison to contribution of passive pool (C frac3 and Cfrac4). The results revealed that
incorporation of FYM @ 6 t ha-1 with VC @ 2 t ha-1 and NPK has observed significantly higher soil microbial biomass carbon, TOC stock,
C-sequestration and C-sequestration rate than any other management practices. Carbon management index values for different nutrient
application schemes were observed and found to be good with INM practices. Maximum increase of 54.6% and 73.5% in dehydrogenase and
beta-glucosidase, respectively was recorded in the treatment where 50% of RDF was substituted through FYM+VC after wheat harvest. Also
its residual effect on enzymes after urdbean harvest was maximum and increased over open control by 62.3% and 86.1%. Therefore, from
this experiment it is concluded that application of NPK in conjunction with FYM and VC could be a sustainable management practice to
sustain soil fertility, sequester more carbon and maintain/improve soil health vis-a-vis enhanced production of wheat- urdbean cropping
sequence under poplar stands in Mollisols.
GNRSA-2020/1046
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CHLOROPHYTUM BORIVILIANUM (SAFEDMUSLI)
MANISH KUMAR1*, DEEPMALA VERMA2, RAJAN KUMAR VERMA3 AND MUKUL BAIJAL4
1, 4
Department of Zoology, Narain College, Shikohabad
2
Department of Environment Science, SS Jain Subodh PG College, Jaipur
3
Department of Chemistry, Narain College, Shikohabad
ChlorophytumborivilianumSantapau&Fernandes, (Safedmusli) is an endangered medicinal plant, reputed as health tonic, aphrodisiac,

immunologic drug in ‘Ayurveda. It grows naturally in the thick forests and its use was confined to tribals only. The tubers are said to possess
several medicinal values. Hence the present study was attempted to screen and quantify selected phytochemicals (polyphenols, tannins,
flavonoids) and nutraceuticals (carbohydrates, protein, fiber, minerals like calcium, phosphorus and iron). Results indicate that the tuber
contained various phytochemicals like carbohydrates, protein, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and alkaloids. The tuber forms
a rich source of protein, carbohydrate, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and minerals like calcium, phosphorus and iron which may attribute to the
medicinal and nutritive values of safedmusli.
Keywords:Chlorophytumborivilianum, safedmusli, root extract
GNRSA-2020/1047
NEMATODE DIVERSITY IN AGROECOSYSTEMS
MATIYAR RAHAMAN KHAN

Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, email: mrkhan.icar@gmail.com
Nematodes are multi-cellular and most abundant metazoan animals on the earth –of every five animals, four are considered to be nematodes.
They can survive in almost all habitats – even at the 500 times human lethal dose of arsenic, for example, the arsenic resistant, Auanema sp.
is discovered recently in the Mono Lake of USA. Numerically, nematodes are closest to arthropods. Among the nematodes living in soil and
plant, a few of them are feeding on crop plants, and thereby causing crop yield losses. Apart from plants, nematodes parasitize on insects,
earthworms, snails and slugs, and other living entities including humans. Some are of considerable agricultural, ecological, veterinary, and
clinical importance. The organization of the nematode body plan is simple, but they are well adapted to diverse environments. The feeding
habits of nematode are diverse; herbivore fungivore, bacteriovore, omnivore, animal parasites, substrate ingester, algivore, and predators.
Nematodes display marvelous diversity in morphology, genetics, feeding and parasitism, reproduction, life cycle, etc. for their survival in the
discontinuous environment. Phytonematodes are of major concern for growing crops across the world; at least 10 phytonematodes of
economic importance have been recognized as major problems for the profitable cultivation of crops. The most threatening nematodes
infecting crops in India are potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.) in potato, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in rice, citrus, bt-
cotton, guava, pomegranate, potato, olive, medicinal and aromatic plants, white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi) in rice and tuberose,
burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) in banana, coffee and spices, and lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) in tea, banana, ginger,
maize, chickpea, etc. The present knowledge of nematode diversity in respect of their biology, ecology, biogeography, etc. is still limited.
Modern molecular methods are immensely useful and supportive for morphological descriptions, discrimination of species, and
understanding plant-nematode interactions. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a synergy between traditional and molecular methods to
combat the troublesome nematode pest of crops.
GNRSA-2020/1048
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF INTEGRATED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CULTIVATION OF AFRICAN MARIGOLD
(TageteserectaL.)
MEIKAM ICHANCHA1, U. CHAOBA SINGH1

1
Department of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal
Marigold is a flower crop that is widely grown in the state of Manipur due to its rapid growth and wide utility. A study was conducted to
check the efficacy of integrated management of nitrogen on the economic feasibility of cultivation of marigold in the state of Manipur. The
experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Research Farm, Central Agricultural University, Imphal during the year 2017-2018. It was laid
down in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 11 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of 100 per cent RDN (Control) (T1),
100 per cent N from FYM (T2), 100 per cent N from vermicompost (T 3), 75 per cent N (Urea) + 25 per cent N (FYM) (T 4), 50 per cent N
(Urea) + 50 per cent N (FYM) (T5), 50 per cent N (Urea) + 50 per cent N (FYM) + Azospirillum (T6), 75 per cent N (Urea) + 25 per cent N
(Vermicompost) (T7), 50 per cent N (Urea) + 50 per cent N (Vermicompost) (T 8), 50 per cent N (Urea) + 50 per cent N (Vermicompost) +
Azospirillum (T9), 25 per cent N (Urea) + 75 per cent N (FYM) (T 10) and 25 per cent N (Urea) + 75 per cent N (Vermicompost) (T11). The
result generated from the experiment is that the net return was observed the highest in treatment 50 per cent N (U rea) + 50 per cent N
(Vermicompost) + Azospirillum and 50 per cent N (Urea) + 50 per cent N (FYM) + Azospirillum while the highest cost of cultivation was
obtained in treatment using full dose of nitrogen from FYM and vermicompost. BCR calculated also indicated that using 50 per cent N (Urea)
+ 50 per cent N (Vermicompost) + Azospirillum and 50 per cent N (Urea) + 50 per cent N (FYM) + Azospirillummay give higher profit and
income returns to the marigold growers in the state.
Keywords: African marigold, Azospirillum, vermicompost, FYM
GNRSA-2020/1049
EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT LAND USE IN EROSION PRONE REGION OF NORTH EAST INDIA, MEGHALAYA
P. HELENA CHANU1, P.K. BORA2 AND MANISH OLANIYA3

1
Ph.D. Scholar, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005
2
Professor, School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies,Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam,
793 103, Meghalaya, India
3
School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies,Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, 793 103,
Meghalaya, India
NEH Region of India often faces erosion problem due to extensive clearing down of forest affecting the livelihood of the people. Land
degradation caused by soil erosion are mainly due to inappropriate agricultural practices. Soil organic carbon (SOC) have great influences in
soil aggregate formation. The present study was conducted at Umsning of Ri-Bhoi District, Meghalaya in eight (8) different land use systems
viz. Jhum, Upland Rice, Terraced Rice, Rice mono-culture, Rice-Potato, Pineapple, Mixed forest and Broom grass, for better understanding
on the relationship among the landscape, land use, soil texture and soil aggregation. The soils were collected from two different depths i.e., 0-
10 cm and 10-20 cm and four composite samples per depth range. The pH is strongly acidic in Umsning (4.85-5.85). Clay content was
highest in Rice mono-culture in Umsning at both the depths. In case of MWD, it was the highest in Upland Rice (2 mm) and Terrace Rice
(1.72 mm) at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth, respectively in the study areas. SMBC, Exchangeable Ca+Mg, Clay and SOC show significant
(p≤0.05) and strong positive correlation with MWD at both depths in the study site. Glomalin content and POC also shows great impact in the
erosion as well shows significant (p≤0.05) relations with MWD in all land use types. The findings from this study had shown the land use
system had significant influence on the aggregating elements. Besides, the influence of land use system on aggregating elements differed
according to land uses. So, proper selection of land use according to the state of soil aggregating elements for better soil sustainability and
also can preserve soil from erosion.
Key words: Soil aggregation; Microbial Biomass Carbon; Soil Organic Carbon; Particulate Organic Carbon.
GNRSA-2020/1050
CORRELATES OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN SILK INDUSTRY AND THEIR PERSONAL CHARATERISTICS
W. MIRANDA1*
Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur-795004
Women are the backbone for development of rural and national economies. They account for more than half of the agricultural work force by
participating in different activities either directly or indirectly. Sericulture is the cultivation of silk through rearing of silkworm. It is a labour-
intensive agro-based activity and is also an industry. It plays a major role in anti-poverty programme and prevents migration of rural people
to urban areas in search of employment.The present study was undertaken during the year 2017-2018 in Imphal West, Manipur to investigate
the association of participation of women in sericulture and their personal characteristics. A total of 150 respondents were selected for the
study through snowball sampling technique. The selected respondents were interviewed personally using pre tested well-structured interview
schedule. Age, education, family size and land holding were considered as personal characteristics for the study. The study revealed that there
was no correlation between the age and the participation of women in silk industry indicating that age was not related to participation of
women in silk industry. A positive correlation emerged between education and participation of women in silk industry at 0.05 significance
level showing that higher the level of educational qualification higher is the level of participation of the women in silk industry. There was a
negative correlation between the family size and the participation of women in silk industry at 0.05 significance level revealing that higher
the family size, lower is the participation level of the respondents in silk industry. Land holding and participation of women in silk industry
shared a positive correlation at 0.05 significance level which shows that higher the level of land holding higher is the participation level of the
women in silk industry.
Keywords: Sericulture, snowball sampling, correlation.
GNRSA-2020/1051
ORGANIC MANURE A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO IMPROVE YIELD OF MUSTARD – A REVIEW
SHREERA HIDANGMAYUM
Biswanath College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India
Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important oilseed crop of Rabi season in India. It occupies second place both in area and production next to
groundnut. Its leaves are used as vegetables and also its oil is use for human consumption. The oilcakes are used as feed and manure. But due
to ill-suited agricultural practices which uses high amount of chemical fertilizers it has acidified and hampered the soil fertility as well as
decreased productivity of the crop. In Indian scenario, Mustard is mainly cultivated as rainfed crop as a result of which there is less
productivity. Under such circumstances even proper use of chemical fertilizers cannot improve its productivity. And moreover higher use of
chemical fertilizer may degrade soil and the environment. There are many benefits of using organic manure viz., it improves soil biological
and physical properties, water holding capacity, increases productivity. Above all organic manure is ecofriendly and sustainable.
Undoubtedly, there will be reduction in the yield of the crop. But it could be suffice by the use of chemicals of organic sources, bio fertilizers
and also by the use of high yielding variety seeds. Consequently, cultivation of Mustard using organic manure is an ecofriendly and
sustainable alternative to increase its productivity alongside maintaining soil health and nutritional value of the crop.
Keywords: Chemical fertilizers, Fertility, Organic, Sustainable, Productivity.
GNRSA-2020/1052
TREND ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION OVER MARATHWADA REGION, MAHARASHTRA USING RCLIMDEX
SUJEET DESHMUKH
Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Parbhani. Maharashtra, India.
In Marathwada region the annual rainfall is highly variable, ranging from less than approximately 700 mm–800 mm and its distribution is
unevenly spread between all the district locations. Climate change threatens to increase air temperatures and evapotranspiration, increase the
risk of intense rainstorms, and increase the risk of heat waves associated with drought. The objective of this study is to assess the change
trends of daily precipitation extremes over Marathwada region in Maharashtra state which includes Aurangabad, Beed, Latur, Osmanabad,
Nanded, Jalna and Parbhani districts during the period between 1981 and – 2010. Precipitation indices do not illustrate statistically significant
trends across the whole region. The annual trends of decadal precipitation events showed that there is >= 1mm rainfall and simple daily
intensity index (SDII) has significant trend in Marathwada region among the all selected districts of Marathwada region. While, the higher
decadal trends of precipitation events are observed in Jalna, Nanded, Osmanabad and Parbhani district (i.e. 1991-2000 and 2001-2010)
respectively. The overall study over Marathwada region shows that there is decrease in rainfall trend and unpredictable and contemplated
over the district. Data were subjected to quality check, and indices of climate extremes were calculated by RClimDex software.
GNRSA-2020/1053
CHANGES IN LAND USE AND CROPPING PATTERN IN SOLAPUR DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA
V. S. TALEKAR, K. V. DESHMUKH, R. R. MALI

Department of Agricultural Economics, COA, Parbhani, VNMKV, Parbhani. 431402 (M.S).
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy, and is still the largest source of livelihood for the Indian people. Agriculture sector employs
more than 50 percent of the total workforce in India and contributes around 17-18 per cent to the country’s GDP. Present abstract explain that
the changes in land use and cropping pattern of Solapur district during 2003-04 to 2017-18. Geographical area of the district is 1487800 ha.
Among that the area under forest, barren and uncultivable land, land under non-agriculture use, cultivable waste, permanent pasture, land
under miscellaneous tree, net sown area, gross cropped area and cropping intensity are increases during the study period. And the current
fallow, other fallow land are declined it is the good indication of agricultural development in the district. In cropping pattern area under
cereal, pulses, oilseed, cash crops, which are highly increase in the district, which is positive change in agriculture helpful for agricultural
development in district. This is due the some government efforts, availability of sufficient amount of water due to application of rain water
harvesting technique, use of modern agriculture technology by the farmers and also cultivation of lower water requirement crops.
GNRSA-2020/1054
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
SANDEEP KUMAR CHOUDHARY1AND RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR2

1
Assistant Professor, LMCM Agriculture College, Lalsot-303505 Dausa, Rajasthan
2
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultura Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, India
Integrated pest management (IPM) combines the use of biological, cultural and chemical practices to control insect pests in
agricultural production. It seeks to use natural predators or parasites to control pests, using selective pesticides for back up only
when pests are unable to be controlled by natural means. IPM should not be confused with organic practices. It does not discourage
spraying chemicals; it promotes spraying with selective pesticides only when the crop needs it, which generally means that le ss
pesticide is used. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a long-term management strategy that uses a combination of tactics to reduce pests
to tolerable levels with potentially lower costs for the pest manager and minimal effect on the environment. IPM can be applied when
managing all kinds of pests, including insects, weeds, diseases and vertebrate pests, such as ground squirrels and pigeons. It integrates
prevention, cultural practices, mechanical and/or physical pest controls, biological pest controls and chemical pest controls to prevent and
suppress pests. The goal of IPM is to reduce the adverse impacts of pest control on human health, the environment and non-target organisms,
while managing pests effectively. The concept of Integrated Pest Management is not new and has been used on field crops and orchards
throughout the world. Applying it in urban environments, including home gardens, landscapes and golf courses, presents special challenges.
Urban IPM, or pest management programs that incorporate reduced use of pesticides in private and commercial landscapes, golf courses and
other urban landscape settings, is a rapidly expanding field that incorporates university and industry research.
Keywords: IPM, Biological, Cultural practices.
GNRSA-2020/1055
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR YIELD AND YIELD- RELATED TRAITS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
PRATIBHA SINGH
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a global staple food crop, directly feeding more people than any other crop. Keeping all the beneficial aspects of this
crop in mind, the present study was conducted during the Kharif-2019 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The experiment was performed in an alpha lattice design with three lattices and four blocks with each
replicate. Observations were documented based on sixteen characters: Days to first flowering, Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity,
Effective tillers per plant, Plant height, Panicle length, Spikelets per panicle, Grains per panicle, Spikelet fertility percent, grain weight per
panicle, grain yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plot, biomass yield per plot, harvest index and kernel L/B ratio.It is
worthnoting from the analysis of variance that the genotypes differ significantly for all 16 characters studied. The genotypes showed a wide
range of variability for most characters. This specifies that there is sufficient scope for the selection of promising genotypes from the current
set of germplasm for yield improvement. For almost all the characters under study, the difference between the values of PCV and GCV was
small, suggesting a low environmental impact in the expression of these traits, suggesting genotypic differences between genotypes for
selection to operate. Characteristics like grains per panicle followed by grain weight per panicle, spikelets per panicle and grain yield per
plant recorded the highest values of PCV and GCV, indicating the possibility of improving these traits through selection. Also, high
heritability with high genetic advance as percent of 5% mean was noted for days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, plant height,
spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plot, biomass yield per plot, harvest
index and kernel L/B ratio, indicating the effectiveness of selection for the improvement of these traits. From the study, it is clear that the
highest PCV, GCV, heretability and genetic advance was recorded for traits spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle and grain weight per
panicle. It is suggested to select these traits to meet the objective of increased yield.
Key words: GCV, germplasm, genetic advance, heritability, PCV
GNRSA-2020/1056
CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN CHANGING CLIMATE SCENERIO
HANSA CHOUDHARY CHANDRA KANTA JAKHAR RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR

*Division of Agronomy, RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Department of Agronomy, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner- 303329, INDI
Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, have caused a substantial increase in the concentration of
carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This increase in atmospheric CO2 from about 280 to more than 380 parts per million (ppm) over
the last 250 years is causing measurable global warming. In response to growing concerns about climate change resulting from increased
carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, considerable interest has been drawn to the possibility of increasing the rate of carbon
sequestration through changes in land use and forestry and also through geoengineering techniques such as carbon capture and storage .
Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide can be lowered either by reducing emissions or by taking carbon dioxide out of the
atmosphere and storing in terrestrial, oceanic, or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.Carbon sequestration is used to describe both natural and
deliberate processes by which CO2 is either removed from the atmosphere or diverted from emission sources and stored in the ocean,
terrestrial environments (vegetation, soils, and sediments), and geologic formations. Basically it is the process of capturing of atmospheric
carbon dioxide and storing it to mitigate global warming and climate change. Carbon dioxide is naturally captured from the atmosphere
through biological, chemical or physical processes. Some artificial sequestration technique sex ploit these natural processes, while some use
entirely artificial processes. There are three ways that this sequestration can be carried out; post-combustion capture, pre-combustion
capture, and oxy- combustion. A wide variety of separation techniques are being pursued, including gas phase separation, absorption into a
liquid, and adsorption on a solid, as well as hybrid processes, such as adsorption/membrane systems. These above processes basically will
capture carbon emitting from power plants, factories, fuel burning industries and soon.
Key words:- Carbon sequestration, Fossil fule, Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Global warming
Keywords: Soil health, Integrated nutrient management, Plant nutrients.
GNRSA-2020/1057
GROWTH AND INSTABILITY IN AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS IN NORTH
EAST REGION
*AVDHESH SHARMA
* Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Economics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.) - 221005
Growth and instability in area, production and productivity of total horticultural crops has always been the subject of intense debate. In this
study, trends in growth and instability of horticultural crops in India for the last 15 years from 2003-04 to 2017-18 has been examined. In
agriculture instability is a very aspect that indicates the variation in data. Indian agriculture is primarily dependent on monsoon. If monsoon
fails, Indian agriculture faces significant loss and variations especially in production over time. Cuddy Della Valle Index has been used for
estimating instability in area, production and productivity of horticultural crops. Several fluctuations in the growth pattern and instability of
area, production and productivity of the crops in north eastern states over the period of time were observed in the study.
Keywords: Cuddy Della Valle index, growth, instability, North East India.
GNRSA-2020/1058
CRISPR-CAS9: GENOME EDITING PLATFORMS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.): STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS
DIKSHA KUMARI1,2, BISHUNDEO PRASAD1*, PADMANABH DWIVEDI2

1
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur- 813210, Bihar, India;
2
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, UP, India;
The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/associated nuclease Cas9 technology, adapted from bacterial
immune system, for specific and precise modification of genomes has transformed molecular biology. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been
widely used in crop plants to introduce targeted mutations for studying gene function and providing new avenues for crop improvement.
Typically, CRISPR/Cas9 expression cassettes are delivered to plant cells and expressed. Then the Cas9 protein cuts the genomic DNA to
generate a double-strand break (DSB), triggering cellular DNA repair mechanisms. In the absence of a homologous repair template, the error-
prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is activated and introduces random insertions/deletions or even substitutions at the DSB
site, generally resulting in the disruption of gene function. Alternatively, if donor DNA template homologous to the sequence surrounding the
DSB site is available, the error-free homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway is initiated, leading to mutations that perform precise gene
modification, including gene knock-in, deletion, or mutation. The synthetic single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) are required to construct the
CRISPR/Cas9 expression cassettes. The Cas9 protein is then guided to specific genomic sites by the sgRNAs that recognize the NGG-type
protospacer adjacent motif and targets DNA sequences through Watson–Crick base pairing. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has opened the
possibility for targeted genome editing in various crop plants including rice. . Genome editing is a powerful tool for modifying quantitative
and qualitative parameters. This approach is one of the most frequently used for study of the function of new genes and for the development
of elite mutant lines with increased tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress.
Key Words: Rice,Genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9, biotic stress, abiotic stress, off-target, mutation
GNRSA-2020/1059
INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM A TOOL OF DOUBLING FARMER’S INCOME
SHIV POOJAN YADAV*, AND HARSITA NAYAK PH. D. SCHOLARS

Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005 (Uttar Pradesh)
Agriculture is a backbone of Indian economy that makes a significant contribution to the wealth and quality of life for rural and urban
communities. In the era of Green Revolution (GR), development and expansion of irrigation and intensification of high yielding variety
(HYV) in the most favorable environments is one of exploitative agriculture depends upon fertilizer and pesticide based technology,
particularly of wheat and rice. The cultivation of few annual crops like rice and wheat in irrigated regions has although made the country
self-sufficient in food grain production, but accelerated use of natural resources, the degradation of the land resource base with accompanying
impacts on biodiversity and agricultural productivity, as also the impending effects of climate change are all posing a serious threat to the
survival and welfare of the people. In the decade of 2000s, and thereafter even with the best possible efforts, the sustainability of farming
community is in question in many production systems implying that though the problems was recognized in the earlier decades, total
solutions were not found. A lot of efforts have been made at increasing the productivity of different components of the farming system but
there is a gap still remaining within the farming system. It is apparent that income increases for farm households can be made sustainable,
only if agricultural income improvement is driven by approaches and practices, that do not erode the very productive resources on which
agriculture is based. Otherwise, the income increases are bound to be short-lived. The mixed farming practiced in ancient times was
subsistence in nature but the concept has become imperative in the present context where the need has arisen to produce more and diverse for
meeting the food, nutritional and economic requirement of the farm families. A ray of hope lies in Integrated Farming Systems, which
involves meaningful combinations of many complementary and supplementary enterprises leading to optimal sustained use of natural
resources, effective utilization of available by-products, profitable employment to all family members throughout the year, higher combined
farm income generation, high degree of stability in income generation and prosperity of the farmers. It has been widely reported that IFS
approach increases productivity by 2-3 times, creates additional employment, save 40-60% resources and ensure 100% household nutritional
security. Considering these facts, one of the flagship programme of Government of India for betterment of farming community is the
“doubling farmer’s income (DFI) by 2022” and in this regards many interventions have been suggested including IFS for ensuring higher
farm productivity and profitability for sustainable economic growth for farming communities in India.
Key words: Biodiversity, Doubling farmer’s income, Green Revolution, Integrated farming System, Sustainability
GNRSA-2020/1060
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND ALLIED SCIENCES
PANKAJ
Ph.D. Scholar Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Banaras Hindu University 221005.
Agriculture provides food for humans directly and indirectly. With increasing world population, it is necessary to use the modern
technologies such as biotechnology and nanotechnology in agricultural sciences. Nanotechnology is defined as a growing and exciting
technology at the minute scale of one-billionth of a meter sweeping away the barriers between the subjects of Physics, Chemistry and
Biology. nano refers to a size scale between 1 nanometre (nm) and 100 nm. It is the design, characterization, production and application of
structures, devices and systems by controlling the shape and size at nanometre level.The nanotechnology has used in different applications in
all the phases like production, processing, storing, packaging and transportation of agricultural goods. It is an interdisciplinary field that has
entered the wide range of applied sciences and helping the associated personnel’s such as chemists, physicists, biologists, medical doctors and
engineers. It is revolutionizing the agriculture and food industry by innovation of new techniques such as precision farming techniques,
enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients, more effectual and targeted use of inputs, bug detection and its treatment, withstand
environmental pressures and effective systems for processing, storage and packaging. It improves the efficiency of medicines by the use of
nano particles in animal sciences. Nanomedicines can be intended and build to manipulate and optimize biological components at the nano
scale level. This includes the applications of nanomaterials and the fabrication of nanodevices to be used in nanodiagnostic, nanodrug
delivery system and drug discovery. Nanotechnology has an immense potential for future approaches in veterinary and likely to improve the
treatment of domesticated animals. It has the ability to provide appropriate solutions for providing food items, veterinary care, prescription
medicines and vaccines for these. Use of nanocapsules for production, protection and capping of some particular enzymes and proteins would
be effective in the livestock and poultry food rations in order to increase yield and effectiveness in the specific context.
Keywords- Nanotechnology, nanofoods, nanocapsules, nanomedicine, nanodevices, nanosensors.
GNRSA-2020/1061
EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS AND SODIUM ALGINATE COATING ON QUALITY AND
SENESCENCE OF POINTED GOURD (TRICHOSANTHES DIOICAROXB.) FRUIT
NITIN YADAV, KALYAN BARMAN, POOJA BELWAL, AKASH KANUJIYA, BASANT KUMAR DADARWAL
Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (221005), Uttar Pradesh, India
Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) is an important member of the largest vegetable family Cucurbitaceae. Pointed gourd is
commonly known as ‘King of gourds’ because of its higher amount of nutrients among the gourds. Harvesting of fully grown fruits is usually
done once or twice a week. Delay in harvest leads to change in fruit colour from green to yellow or orange and seeds turn light black from
creamy white, rendering the fruit unmarketable. Pointed gourd has a very short shelf life of 2 – 3 days at ambient condition. Therefore, an
investigation was carried out to delay ripening and preserve fruit quality of guava for a longer period during storage at ambient condition. The
pointed gourd fruits (cv. Navdhari) were harvested at commercial maturity stage and fruit treated with of 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mM, 2.0
mM and 3.0 mM) and salicylic acid (1.0 mM, 2.0 mM and 3.0 mM). In another experiment, fruit treated with 6-benzylaminopurine (2.0 mM
and 3.0 mM), salicylic acid (2.0 mM and 3.0 mM) and sodium alginate (2%) either alone or in combination. Both treated and control fruits
were packed in corrugated fibreboard (CFB) boxes and stored at room temperature (29 ± 1°C). The experiments showed that pointed gourd
fruit can be stored up to 6 days with maximum consumer acceptance following pre-storage treatment of 3.0 mM 6-benzylaminopurine and
coating with 2% sodium alginate solution.
GNRSA-2020/1062
CROP DIVERSIFICATION OF RICE WITH RAGI FOR MAXIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY
BISHNUPRIYA PATRA, P. J. MISHRA, L. M. GARNAYAK AND U.S. NAGOTHU

RESILIENCE Project, DEE, OUAT, Bhubaneswar
Agriculture in India has to face new challenges to compete at the global level in many agricultural commodities. In that case crop
diversification shows lot of promise in alleviating problems through fulfilling the basic needs and regulating farm income, withstanding
weather aberrations, controlling price fluctuation, ensuring balanced food supply, environmental safety and creating employment opportunity.
Crop diversification in India is generally viewed as a shift from traditionally grown less remunerative crops to more remunerative crops.
Diversification is gradually taking place as a consequence of either launching macro-economic reforms in agriculture sector or rising
domestic demand due to urbanization and increasing income levels. The necessity for crop diversification arise on account of the need for
reducing risks associated with yield, market and prices, arresting the degradation of natural resources and the environment and attaining
national goals like employment generation, self-reliance in critical crop products and for earning foreign exchange. Diversification is the
process to take advantage of emerging opportunities created by technology, new markets, changes in policy etc. to meet certain goals,
challenges and threats and to reduce risk.Crop diversification and large number of crops are practiced in rainfed areas to reduce the risk factor
of crop failures due to drought. Wherever water resources are limiting such as tail end area of irrigation command, tank fed area and well
irrigated areas crops like Maize, maize+cowpea, Ragi etc. can be profitably cultivated. Ganjam is one of the major rice producing district. To
reduce the fatigue of rice in upland situation alternate crops like Ragi can be grown without hampering the profitability of the system. 5
beneficiaries with 1-2 hectares of rice area in Surada and Rangeilunda block has shifted to ragi in comparatively upland and less irrigated area
(dry area). rice-ragi recorded higher returns (Rs.22800/ha) compared to rice monocropping (Rs.14710/ha).Ragi has great potential under
upland condition instead of rice in rainfed areas of Ganjam (Chikarada, Lathipada). Ragi by virtue of low irrigation requirement and better
remunerative price are ideally suited to replace rice and become popular even in Non-traditional areas. Ragi offer excellent opportunity for
maximizing productivity under limited moisture availability. Its productivity can be increased by more than 60% with limited irrigation at
critical stages.
GNRSA-2020/1063
EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON QUALITY OF AJWAIN (TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI L.
SPRAGUE)
SHEESHPAL CHOUDHARY1 AND A.C.SHIVRAN2

1
Ph.D scholar and 2Professor, Department of Agronomy,
SKN College of Agriculture, SKN Agricultural University, Jobner, Rajasthan-303 329
A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner in Jaipur district of Rajasthan during rabi
season of 2016-17 on loamy sand soil. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha) and five PGRs (control,
NAA @ 50 ppm at 40 DAS, NAA @ 50 ppm at 40 and 60 DAS, thiourea @ 500 ppm at 40 DAS and thiourea @ 500 ppm at 40 and 60
DAS). The total 20 treatment combinations were tested in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that
application of nitrogen up to 30 kg/ha recorded significantly improved the protein content (18.0%) and essential oil content in seed (2.84%)
over control, application of nitrogen up to 60 kg/ha recorded significantly higher yield viz., seed (1081 kg/ha) and straw (3012 kg/ha) of
ajwain over preceding levels but remained at par with 90 kg N/ha. The results further revealed that application of PGRs significantly
increased protein content and essential oil content in seed of ajwain over control, however all PGRs remained at par to each other, foliar
application of thiourea @ 500 ppm spray at 40 and 60 DAS significantly increased seed (1112 kg/ha) and straw (3082 kg/ha) over thiourea
@ 500 ppm spray at 40 DAS, NAA @50 ppm spray at 40 DAS and control but remained at par with NAA @ 50 ppm spray at40 and 60
DAS in yield attributes and yields.
Key words: Ajwain, Nitrogen, PGRs, Quality and Yield
GNRSA-2020/1064
MINERAL NUTRITION OF PLANT
RAMESH CHAND BANA1, A. C. SHIVRAN2, VIKAS KUMAR3 AND CHANDRAKANTA JAKHAR4

*1
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agronomy, SKN COA, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303329 (Rajasthan)
2
Professor, Department of Agronomy, SKN COA, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303329 (Rajasthan)
3
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, SKN COA, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303329 (Rajasthan)
4
PG Scholar, Department of Agronomy, SKN COA, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303329 (Rajasthan)
Plants are absorbing nutrient from air, water and soil. Total 105 elements are discovered but less than 21 are essential and beneficial for
normal plant growth and development. The elements required in large quantities are called major/ micro nutrients while those required in less
quantity called minor/micro nutrients. All essential elements are constituent of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acid etc., and various
metabolic processes. The deficiency symptoms are prominent such as Chlorosis, necrosis, stunted growth, impaired cell division, etc. Plants
absorb mineral nutrient through roots by either passive or active processes. They are carried to all parts of plant through xylem along with
water transport. Nutrients are taken up from the soil using plasma-membrane located transporter proteins and excess is stored in the cell
vacuole or converted into polymerized storage forms.
Keywords: Plants, Mineral nutrition, Deficient, Toxic, Macro and micro elements.
GNRSA-2020/1065
DOUBLING FARMER INCOME BY 2022: STRATEGIES AND CONSTRAINTS
SUNITA CHOUDHARY J.S. BOHRA BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL

Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, INDIA
India has an agrarian economy. A vast majority of land is used for farming and a wide range of crops are cultivated in its different agro-
ecological regions. There is a wide variability in the generation of crop residues and their use across the different regions of the country
depending on the crops grown, cropping intensity and productivity of these crops. It is estimated that approximately 600-650 Mt of crop
residues are produced every year in the country (MNRE, 2016). These crop residues are used for animal feeding, soil mulching, biomanure
making, thatching for rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers.
However, a large portion of the residues is burnt on-farm primarily to clear the field for sowing of the succeeding crop. The problem of on-
farm burning of crop residues is intensifying in recent years due to shortage of human labours, high cost incurred on removing the crop
residues left by conventional methods as well as by combine harvesting. The crop residues can be gainfully utilized for livestock feed,
composting, power generation, biofuel production and mushroom cultivation besides several other uses like thatching, mat-making and toy
making. The residues of rice, wheat, cotton, maize, millet, sugarcane, jute, rapeseed-mustard and groundnut are typically burnt on-farm
across different states of the country. The problem is more severe in the irrigated agriculture, particularly in the mechanized rice-wheat
system of the northwest India.Under conventional intensive tillage systems, there is gradual decline in soil health (organic carbon) through
accelerated oxidation and burning of crop residues causing pollution, greenhouse gases emmission and loss of valuable plant nutrients.
Intensive tillage practices are contributing in declining air, water and soil quality. The burning and residue removal not only cause direct loss
of nutrients to the soil but also deprive the soil carbon which is important for improving soil structure and provides life to the soil by acting as
substrate for various microbes and biota. Crop residue retention has been suggested to improve overall soil fertility and support sustainable
crop production. Crop residue retention under no tillage system reduce soil erosion, increase soil organic matter (SOM) and reduce
requirement of labour and fuel under cereal/rice based cropping system. Appropriate crop residue management in rice-wheat cropping system
is helpful in increasing SOC accumulation and improve sustainability of agricultural systems. Response of crop residue are often found
beneficial when it was integrated with effective management system. However, development of appropriate new machinery for efficient
residue management and suitable option for faster residue decomposition are needed for improving soil health, environment and sustainability
of rice-wheat cropping system.
GNRSA-2020/1066
MEASUREMENT OF MANAGERIAL ABILITY OF GUAVA GROWERS ABOUT THEIR KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
SCIENTIFIC CULTIVATION OF GUAVA GROWER IN FLOOD-PRONE EASTERN PLAIN ZONE OF RAJASTHAN
ALOK KUMAR1, MANOJ KUMAR SHARMA2, R. P. SINGH3 AND NUTAN SHARMA4

1. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, SKN College of Agriculture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner,
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Mathematics and Computer Science, SKN College of Agriculture, Sri Karan Narendra
Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
3. Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan)
4. Guest Faculty, SKN College of Agribusiness Management, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Guava can be grown throughout India, According to Horticulture Statistics Division, DAC&FW in 2018-19, the total area of 276,000 hectare
is dedicated to guava production in this country. Guava occupied a total area of 2657 hectare during 2014-15 and its area increased to 3850
hectares during the years 2015-16. The total production was 23075 during 2014-15, it is increased to 41354 MT during the years 2015-2016.
Here, it is also clear that the total area and production under guava fruits has increased in 2015-16. Management, for the present study, has
been defined as the process by which the farmer can enhance the return from the farm on a sustained basis for the attainment of family goals.
Effective management is crucial for obtaining high returns from a production system on a sustained basis. There are 102 guava growing gram
panchayats in Sawai Madhopur district and 54 guava growing gram panchayats in Bharatpur districts. Out of these,10-gram panchayats from
Sawai Madhopur district and 5 gram panchayats from Bharatpur district, comprising a total of 15-gram panchayats were selected purposely
for the study purpose based on having the highest area under guava cultivation. A comprehensive list of all the guava growers of the
identified villages having guava orchards in at least 1 acre (4000 sq. mt.) from last 3 years for commercial purpose was prepared and 7 guava
growers from each selected village were selected randomly. In this way, a total sample of 210 guava growers was selected randomly for the
study purpose. there was no significant difference has been found among the farmers of selected districts concerning knowledge on various
aspects regarding scientific cultivation of guava. Further analysis of the data shows that the knowledge of respondents of Sawai Madhopur
district possessed more knowledge than the respondents of Bharatpur district.
GNRSA-2020/1067
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND BIO-REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND ECONOMICS OF
SPROUTING BROCCOLI {BRASSICA OLERACEA (L.) VAR. ITALICAPLENCK}
ARJUN LAL OLA1, BHAGCHAND SHIVRAN2, RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR3 AND MANJU NETWAL3
1.Department of Vegetable Science, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi
2.Babasahib Bhimraw Ambedkar A CentralUniversity, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
3Department of Horticulture, SKNAU, Jobner (Jaipur)
A field experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management and Bio-regulators on Growth, Yield and Quality
of Sprouting Broccoli {Brassica oleracea (L.) var.italicaPlenck}”, during rabi season 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Horticulture Farm, S.K.N.
College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur).The experiment consisted of thirty five treatment combinations including seven INM (100 per cent
RDF through inorganic fertilizer, 75 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 5 t/ha FYM, 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer +
10 t/ha FYM, 20 t/ha FYM, 75 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 1.75 t/ha VC, 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 3.5
t/ha VC and 7 t/ha vermicompost and five bio-regulators levels [Control, Brassinoids @ 5 ppm, Brassinoids @ 10 ppm, Salicylic acid @ 100
ppmand Salicylic acid @ 150 ppm] were under taken in Split plot design with three replications.The results showed that the maximum plant
height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves (2.96mg/g), leaf area duration and net returns ( 304019/ha) were
recorded with the application of 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer and 3.5 t/ha vermicompost (F 5) in sprouting broccoli. Whereas,
the maximum B:C ratio (4.39:1) was recorded under 75 per cent RDF supplied through inorganic fertilizer and 1.75 t/ha
vermicompost.Similarly, different bio-regulatorssignificantly increased the plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll
content in leaves (2.84 mg/g), days taken to curd formation, leaf area duration, net returns ( 287563 /ha) and B:C ratio (3.99:1) were
recorded significant with foliar application of 5 ppm brassinoids.
Key Words: Brassinoid, Broccoli, Growth, INM, Quality, Salicylic acid and Yield.
GNRSA-2020/1068
PERFORMANCE OF AEROBIC RICE UNDER DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS
KAJODMAL GHASAL1, DR KALYAN PATHAK2 AND GAURI MOHAN3

Department of Agronomy, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
A field experiment was carried out during autumn season of 2016 at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural
University, Jorhat to study the performance of aerobic rice under different sources and levels of phosphorous.The treatment of the experiment
consisted of three phosphorus sources viz., S1: Single super phosphate (SSP), S2:Diammonium phosphate (DP) and S3:Rock phosphate (RP),
three doses of phosphorus viz., D1:10 kg P2O5 ha-1, D2:20kg P2O5 ha-1 and D3:30 kg P2O5 ha-1 and two biofertilizer treatments i.e. B1: without
biofertilizer and B2: Azospirillum+ phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB). One absolute control was included for comparison. The
experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (RBD). Recommended doses of N (40 kg ha-1) and K (20 kg ha-1) were applied
in all the treatments. Out of the three phosphorus sources, rock phosphate recorded the highest plant population, dry matter accumulation,
yield attributes and grain (2.61t ha-1) and straw (4.70 t ha-1) yield followed by single super phosphate. Among the doses, highest plant
population, dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and grain (2.7t ha -1) or straw (4.93 t ha-1) yield were recorded in 30kg P2O5 ha-1. In case
of bio-fertilizer, Azospirillum+ phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) recorded highest plant population, dry matter accumulation, yield
attributes or grain yield (2.61t ha-1 ) and straw yield (4.82 t ha-1).
Key words: Aerobic rice, Rock phosphate, Azospirillum, Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria
GNRSA-2020/1069
EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE LEVELS AND AGRO CHEMICALS ON YIELD AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF DIRECT
SEEDED RICE
VISHAL KUMAR1, R. K. SINGH2 AND SUDHANSHU VERMA3

Assistant Professor1, Balwant Singh Institute of Agriculture Science & Technology, Bhairavtalab Campus, MGKVP, Varanasi
Professor2, Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Assistant Professor3, Integral University, Lucknow
A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design during the kharif seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Agriculture Research Farm,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to effect of soil moisture levels and agro chemicals on
yield and water productivity of direct seeded rice viz. I1: 50 per cent depletion of available soil moisture (DASM), I2: 75 per cent DASM and
I3: 100 per cent DASM in main plot and agrochemical levels include C1: Control, C2: Seed treatment with Salicylic acid (100 ppm), C3:
Foliar spray of Salicylic acid (100 ppm) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage, C 4: Foliar spray of KNO3 (1%) at maximum
tillering and panicle emergence stage- K and N adjusted, C5: Foliar spray of FeSO4 (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage,
C6: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage, C7: Foliar spray of FeSO4 (1%) and ZnSO4 (0.5%) at
maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage, C8: Foliar spray of multi-micronutrient complex (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle
emergence stage, C9: Seed treatment with Salicylic acid (100 ppm) and foliar spray of FeSO 4 (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle
emergence stage. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) for rice was 120, 60 and 60 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. Among
the soil moisture levels, 50 per cent DASM significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality, content and uptake in
grain and straw and water use efficiency parameters of rice over 75 per cent DASM and 100 per cent DASM, respectively. Among the
agrochemicals C8: Foliar spray of multi-micronutrient complex (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage was recorded
significantly maximum growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality, content and uptake in grain and straw and water use efficiency of
rice and it were at par with C7: Foliar spray of FeSO4 (1%) and ZnSO4 (0.5%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage during both
the years over the rest of treatments. On the basis of two years data it may be recommended that irrigation after 50 per cent DASM in
conjunction with foliar spray of multi- micronutrient complex (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage should be used for
Varanasi region of eastern UP with respect to water use efficiency andremuneration.
Key words: Depletion of available soil moisture, Agrochemicals, Growth, Yield
GNRSA-2020/1070
SEED PRIMING IMPROVES BIOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN TOMATO PLANTS IMPOSED
WITH HEAT SHOCK DURING GERMINATION TIME
VIVEK KUMAR, AKASH HIDANGMAYUM, ANKITA SINGH, BANDANA BOSE AND PADMANABH DWIVEDI *
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
Tomato is a good source of heath promoting bioactive compounds like nutrients and antioxidants that help to combat deteriorating effects of
toxins and preventing us from many health issues. Adverse environment condition affects productivity and quality of tomato fruits. Heat
stress limits the physiological, biochemical and metabolic activities of plants which altering the synthesis of protein and fatty acid, and thus
cause interruption in the membrane integrity and cellular homeostasis of plant cells. Seed priming ensures minimum damage to such adverse
conditions by enhancing antioxidants and anti-oxidant enzymes defense system. In the present piece of work, two tomato genotypes VRT 06
and Panjab chhuara were primed with water (H2O), Mg(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, H3BO3 salts and combination of Mg(NO3)2+ H3BO3 and
Ca(NO3)2+ H3BO3 along with non-primed seeds, and grown in two conditions i.e. normal (control) and heat shocked condition imposed
during germination time. Important biochemical and antioxidants parameters were measured at different time intervals. Data analysis of
various parameters such as chlorophyll content, membrane stability index (MSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Catalase, MDA
content and proline content revealed that seed priming with combination of above mentioned salts improved plant performance by
maintaining these traits. Further, from this analysis, it is clear that seed priming strengthens the antioxidant system under heat stress by
improving antioxidant enzymes and biochemical status of plants.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Anti-oxidant enzymes, Heat stress, Tomato, Seed priming
GNRSA-2020/1071
EFFECT OF TERMINAL HEAT STRESS ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF MUSTARD
JYOTI CHAUHAN1 AND BASANT KUMAR DADARWAL2

1
Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram, Bihar India 821305
2
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi U.P, India 221005
Investigation entitled “Physiological and biochemical responses associated with terminal heat stress tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica
juncea (L.) Czern&Coss.) genotypes” was carried out during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 to investigate the effect of delay in sowing on yield
and yield attributes. Five genotypes of mustard viz. Pusa mustard 25 (V1), Pusa mustard 26 (V2), BPR-541-4 (V3), RH- 406 (V4) and Urvashi
(V5) were grown in field on October 30 (normal sown; S 1), November 18 (late sown; S2) and November 30 (very late sown; S3) conditions
under recommended package of practices. Yield and yield attributes were analyzed at harvest. Total number of primary branches, secondary
branches plant-1 and number of siliqua plant-1 decreased significantly under very late sown condition. Total dry matter plant -1as well as ha-1
decreased significantly under very late (S3) sown condition while it was the maximum in plants sown on November 15 (S 2) followed by
plants sown on October 30 (S1).Under very late (S3) sown condition the seed yield plant-1 as well as ha-1 was the maximum in BPR-541-4
followed by Pusa mustard-26, Pusa mustard-25,RH-406 and Urvashi; which indicated superiority of BPR-541-4 under very late sown
condition. Major reduction in seed yield under very late sown condition was due to reduction in number of branches plant -1, siliqua plant-1,
test weight as well as harvest index.
Key-words - Siliqua, Late Sown, Test weight, Harvest Index
GNRSA-2020/1072
CHITOSAN MICROPARTICLES AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS IN SOME PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
AKASH HIDANGMAYUM, VIVEK KUMAR, ANKITA SINGH AND PADMANABH DWIVEDI *

The aim of the present study was to prepare chitosan microparticles through ionotropic gelation and determine the antifungal effects of some
plant pathogenic fungi, namely Fusarium oxysporium, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Saracladiumoryzae
and Rhizoctonia solani. The formation of chitosan microparticles was preliminary confirmed through scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The physico-chemical properties of the chitosan microparticles were determined by FTIR analysis and XRD pattern. The inhibitory
antifungal effect of chitosan microparticles was determined by broth microdilution technique under which above mentioned fungi were
treated with different concentrations of chitosan microparticles. Changes in hyphal morphology were observed through microscope in treated
fungi. Our results showed decrease in radial growth and spore production of all the treated fungi with chitosan microparticles. This shows that
chitosan microparticles can be used further under field condition to protect crops against various fungal pathogens.
Keywords: Antifungal, Broth micro dilution, Chitosan microparticle
GNRSA-2020/1073
A STUDY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WEANED KIDS OF SIROHI GOAT FED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
CONCENTRATES
HANUMAN LAL NEHRA

Department of Livestock Production Management, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner –
303329, Rajasthan, India
The present research work entitled “A Study on Growth Performance of Weaned Kids of Sirohi Goat Fed with Different Levels of
Concentrates” was carried out to study the effect of concentrate feeding on weight gain, body morphometric measurements and economic
benefit. Twenty four kids of Sirohi breed between 3-4 months age were randomly selected on the basis of uniform body weight, age and
divided into 3 groups of 8 kids each at the goat farm of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner. Group T 1 served as control supplemented with
50 g concentrate per kid per day for 3 months. Group T 2 (treatment) supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 g concentrate and T 3 (treatment) with
100, 150 and 200 g concentrate per head per day for 1 st, 2nd and 3rd month, respectively. Other management practices were similar for each
group. Fodder of khejri loom was offered ad-libitum to all groups.Body weight of kids was recorded weekly and morphometric characters
viz., body length, height at withers, heart girth and paunch girth of kids was recorded fortnightly. Group T 3 fed with more quantity of
concentrate achieved the highest (85.77 g/day) average weekly weight gain followed by T 2 (69.22 g/day) and control group T 1 (61.33 g/day).
Maximum average total weight gain per kid was observed in group T 3 (7.72 kg) followed by T2 (6.23 kg) and least was found in T1 (5.52 kg).
The overall increase in body length was 6.44, 7.62 and 8.25 cm, heart girth was 6.39, 7.15 and 8.09 cm, height was 6.80, 7.07 and 7.89 cm
and paunch girth was 7.72, 8.20 and 9.05 cm in group T 1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. The body weight was found highly correlated with
heart girth (0.964) followed by paunch girth (0.936), height (0.872) and length (0.842). It is concluded from the results that there was
significant increase in weekly and monthly weight gain (P≤0.01) of kids supplemented with higher quantity of concentrate in diet. Higher
quantity of concentrate supplemented kids also shown maximum body lengths, heart girth and paunch girth. While height at wither had non-
significant effect over different treatments. Thus from above findings it can be concluded that T2 and T3 treatments showed significantly
improved growth performance in Sirohi kids and higher level (T 3) was relatively the best level in terms of both biological and economical
returns.
Keywords:Sirohi goat kids, Concentrates, Growth performance
GNRSA-2020/1074
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION
HARI RAM JAT1 RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR2RAVINSH KUMAR MAURYA3

1
Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad- 211007 Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
2,3
Micronutrients are usually required in minute quantities, nevertheless are vital to the growth of plant. They are essentially as important as
macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in vegetable crops and partly met from the soil or chemical fertilizers or through other
sources. They play a catalytic role in nutrient absorption, balancing other nutrients, promoting organic reactions taking place in plants and are
helpful in improving the general conditions and development of plants. It is realized that productivity of crop is being adversely affected in
different areas due to deficiencies of micronutrients. Recently, it has increased markedly due to intensive cropping, loss of top soil by erosion,
loss of micronutrients by leaching, liming of soil and decreased availability and use of farm yard manure. Horticultural crops suffer widely by
zinc deficiency followed by Boron, Manganese, Copper, Iron and Molybdenum deficiencies. Zinc is an essential component of a number of
enzymes, i.e., dehydrogenase, aldolase, isomerases, proteinase, peptidase and phosphohydrolase. Boron helps in the absorption of water and
carbohydrate metabolism, translocation of carbohydrates in plants etc., and it also plays an important role in flowering and fruit formation.
Iron helps in the synthesis of enzymes and chlorophyll. Foliar application of micronutrients viz., ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate and borax,
brings profound changes in various metabolic processes within the plant system, thereby influencing growth and yield considerably. Among
the alternate methods of plant nutrient application, foliar spray of micronutrients is one of the possibilities for increasing productivity and
reducing environmental hazards besides, it is simple and does not need much infrastructure facilities. Their foliar spray helps in efficient
utilization of nutrients to plant directly through leaves within few days.
Keywords: Micronutrients, Vegetable, Foliar spray
GNRSA-2020/1075
NEED OF CARBON STABILIZATION FOR FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY
G. S. PRADHAN*, R. S. MEENA
1
Institute of Agricultural sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
The increase in global aerial carbon dioxide concentration (CO 2) from 0.0278% before industrialization period to 0.0405% in 2018, which
causes to increase the global mean temperature by 10C. Different anthropogenic activities like faulty and unsustainability use of land,
conversion of natural ecosystem to agricultural eco-systems causes depletion of soil organic pool. It is estimated that about 133000 Tg
Carbon(C) was depletion due to different land use and degradation process. The changes of soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) have a strong
effect on the CO2 concentration in the biosphere. The best management practices can able to increase the soil C sink capacity, soil and
ecosystem C budgeting which leads to ensures food and nutritional security. The techniques like conservation agriculture, agroforestry,
biochar, and integration of crops with trees and livestock help in C stabilization of soil along with reduction atmospheric CO2. The 21st
session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, COP21), took initiative on ‘4 per 1000 Initiative: Soils
for Food Security and Climate’ was proposed under the Agenda. It means increases the SOCS by 0.4% annually. There is growing interest
among policymakers and the private sector regarding the importance of soil C sequestration for adaptation and mitigation of climate change,
harnessing of numerous co-benefits, and strengthening of ecosystem services.
Key words: carbon stock, food security, nutritional security, eco-system and soil sustainability
GNRSA-2020/1076
SUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN RICE ECOSYSTEM THROUGH LAND SCAPING
KAMAL RAVI SHARMA AND SVS RAJU

Department of Entomology and Agril. Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005
Insect pests continue to pose a major threat to achieving higher production of crops. Farmers mostly rely on pesticides in food crop
production systems to manage these crop pests and ensure maximum yield with high economic value. However, the accumulation of these
pesticide inputs in crop fields increases risks to biodiversity, soil microfauna and human health. Besides, people are increasingly seeking
foods in which pesticide residues are low or absent and that have been produced sustainably. Rice is the most important food crop in the
developing world and is the staple food over half the world's population and chemical pesticides to control pests is that the dominant
paradigm in rice production. In contrast, the utilization of natural enemies to suppress crop pests has the potential to minimize chemical
pesticide inputs in rice production systems. Currently, predators and parasitoids often do not persist in rice production and scapes due to the
absence of shelter or nutritional sources. The experiment found that, modified the existing rice landscape through an eco-engineering
technique that aims to increase natural biocontrol agents for crop protection. In this system, planting nectar-rich flowering plants on rice
bunds provides food and shelter to reinforce biocontrol agent activity and reduce pest population, while maintaining grain yield. The
abundance of predators and parasitoids and parasitism rates increased significantly within the eco-engineering plots compared to the
insecticide-treated and control plots. Moreover, a significantly lower number of principal insect pests and damage symptoms were found in
treatments where flowering plants were grown on bunds than in plots where such plants were not grown. It indicates that manipulating habitat
for natural enemies in rice landscapes enhances pest suppression and maintains equal yields while reducing the necessity for insecticide use in
crop fields.
Keywords: Rice, Ecological engineering, Insect Pest, Natural enemies.
GNRSA-2020/1077
NANO-FERTILIZERS: A NEWER APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND CROP
PRODUCTIVITY
MOHIT YADAV1* ANDKAUSHAL YADAV2

1
Department of Agronomy, CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
2
Department of Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra
Nano fertilizers are the important tools in agriculture to improve crop growth, yield and quality parameters with increase nutrient use
efficiency, reduce wastage of fertilizers and cost of cultivation. Nano-fertilizers are very effective for precise nutrient management in
precision agriculture with matching the crop growth stage for nutrient and may provide nutrient throughout thecrop growth period. Nano-
fertilizers increase crop growth up to optimum concentrations further increase in concentration may inhibit the crop growth due to the toxicity
of nutrient. Nano-fertilizers provide more surface area for different metabolic reactions in the plant which increase rate of photosynthesis and
produce more dry matter and yield of the crop. It is also prevent plant from different biotic and abiotic stress. Because of the limitation in
arable lands and water resources, the development of agriculture sector is only possible by increasing of resources use efficiency with the
minimum damage to production bed through effective use of modern technologies. Among these, nanotechnology has the potential to
revolutionize the agricultural systems, biomedicine, environmental engineering, safety and security, water resources, energy conversion, and
numerous other areas. Nanostructured formulation through mechanisms such as targeted delivery or slow/controlled release mechanisms and
conditional release, could release their active ingredients in responding to environmental triggers and biological demands more precisely.
Studies show that the use of nano-fertilizers causes an increase in nutrients use efficiency, reduces soil toxicity, minimizes the potential
negative effects associated with over dosage and reduces the frequency of the application. Hence, nanotechnology has a high potential for
achieving sustainable agriculture, especially in developing countries.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanoporous zeolites, Nutrients use efficiency, Smart fertilize.
GNRSA-2020/1078
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED APPROACH AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
KIRAN DOODHAWAL, BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL, RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR

Department of soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, INDIA
Sustainable Development is a Meeting the needs & aspirations of present generation without compromising the ability of future generation to
meet their needs”. Sustainable development must deal with threat of poverty population growth & environmental degradation. Sustainable
Development & Water Resources Management is the Development & management of water, land, biomass & energy within a time frame to
meet with minimum needs of the ultimate size of population, without irreversibly affecting the resource base and while containing adverse
effect on people, flora and fauna. Economic development decisions by the present generation without compromising capacity of future
generations to take decisions according to their perceptions for themselves and for their future generations. Sustainable watershed
management is a approach of taking water resources management practices in a holistic fashion management practices in a holistic fashion –
taking into account of the usage behaviour of various sectors and their effects on land & water use that include political, economic, social
technological & environmental considerations
Keywords: watershed, Sustainable, development. Economic.
GNRSA-2020/1079
GREEN MANURING FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION
TEJBAL SINGH1, PRIYANSHU SINGH2, RISHABH KUMAR SINGH3

1
Research scholar in Dept. of Agronomy, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi- 221005
2
Research scholar in Dept. of Horticulture, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi- 221005
3
Research scholar in Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, CSUA&T, Kanpur- 208002
After the advent of mineral fertilizers and high yielding varieties in decades of 1910 and 1960 s respectively, drastic changes in agricultural
practices occurred. It leads to more reliance on synthetic fertilizers concurrently addition of organic manures was avoided. Furthermore,
farmers desire to produce more and more product and income enforced them to use agrochemicals in indiscriminate and irrational manner
resulted into multi secondary and micronutrient deficiencies as well as environmental pollution and unsustainability in agriculture. Soil
fertility management at an adequate level is one of the most important aspects in sustainable crop production. This objective can be achieved
by adopting appropriate soil and crop management practices. Green manuring is an important strategy to maintain as well as enhance soil
fertility for sustainable crop production. In situ and ex situ green manuring are the two types of green manuring that are the game changer for
sustainable agriculture crop production as well as maintaining the high degree of environmental quality.
GNRSA-2020/1080
EFFECT OF WEED MANAGEMENT IN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) AT VARYING LEVELS OF NITROGEN
PINKI DADARWAL, G. L. YADAV

Department of Agronomy, MJRP College of Agriculture and Research, Jaipur (Rajasthan).
A field experiment was conducted under loamy sandy soil during kharif 2018 at Agronomy farm, MJRPCollege of Agriculture &Research,
Achrol, Jaipur. The treatments comprising seven weed management practices (weedy check, one HW at 20 DAS, two HW at 20 & 40 DAS,
alachlor at 1.5 kg/ha, alachlor at 1.5 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS, imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha and imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS) and
three levels of N (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha) were replicated thrice in randomized block design. Results showed that pre emergence imazethapyr at
0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS and HW twice at 20 and 40 DAS resulted significant reduction in weed density, weed dry matter and nutrient
depletion by weeds in comparison to rest of the treatments except alachlor at 1.5 g/ha + HW at 30 DAS in nutrient depletion. These
treatments controlled the weeds to the extent of 81.9 and 81.3 per cent at harvest. Remaining at par with each other, these two treatments also
proved their superiority in improving growth and yield attributes viz. plant height, branches per plant, crop dry matter, number of capsules
per plant, grains per capsule and test weight. The highest grain, stalk and biological yield (855, 2977 and 3832 kg/ha) and harvest index
(22.42%) were obtained with imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS. Producing the grain, stalk and biological yield of 818, 2933 and
3751 kg/ha with harvest index of 21.81% and recording the minimum weed competition index (4.31%), HW twice at 20 and 40 DAS was
also found equally effective treatment. It was further noted that pre emergence imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS and HW twice at
20 and 40 DAS were found statistically similar and significantly better treatments in enhancing N, P and K concentration in grain and stalk,
protein and oil content in grain and nutrient uptake by crop. Fetching the maximum net returns of Rs 27797 /ha and B: C ratio of 1.86,
imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS was found the most remunerative treatment. These treatments were accompanied by alachlor at
1.5 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS, One HW at 20 DAS and imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha in order of their effectiveness in yield attributes, yield and net
returns. Results further indicated that application of 40 kg N/ha in sesame recorded the highest density and dry weight of weeds at all the
stages, N, P and K concentration in weeds and their depletion at harvest stage. Every increase in level of N upto 40 kg/ha resulted significant
improvement in growth and yield attributes over lower levels except branches per plant, grains per capsule and test weight. It also registered
28.4, 26.7 and 17.7 per cent higher grain, stalk and biological yield over control. The highest concentration of N, P and K in grain and stalk
and their uptake by crop, protein and oil content in grain as well as also obtained at this level of N. Fetching the maximum net returns of Rs
25090 /ha with the highest B:C ratio (1.77), it was found the most remunerative level of N fertilization.
GNRSA-2020/1081
PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES IN INDIA: STRETEGIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
PRIYANSHU SINGH1*, TEJBAL SINGH2, ARCHIT SINGH1

1
Research scholar in Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005
2
Research scholar in Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005
Protected cultivation of vegetables offers distinct advantages of quality, productivity and favourable market price to the growers. Vegetable
growers can substantially increase their income by protected cultivation of vegetables in offseason as the vegetables produced during their
normal season generally do not fetch good returns due to large availability of these vegetable in the markets. Offseason cultivation of
cucurbits under low plastic tunnels is one of the most profitable technologies under northern plains of India. Walk-in tunnels are also suitable
and effective to raise off-season nursery and off-season vegetable cultivation due to their low initial cost. Insect proof net houses can be used
for virus-free cultivation of tomato, chilly, sweet pepper and other vegetables mainly during the rainy season. These low-cost structures are
also suitable for growing pesticide-free green vegetables. Low-cost greenhouses can be used for high quality vegetable cultivation for long
duration (6-10 months) mainly in peri-urban areas of the country to fetch commensurate price of produces. Poly-trenches have proved
extremely useful for growing vegetables under cold desert conditions in upper reaches of Himalayas in the country
GNRSA-2020/1082
ELICITING THE FARMERS PERCEPTIONS IN ADAPTING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT MODULES FOR
SUSTAINABILITY IN RICE PRODUCTION
D. SUDHA RANI*1 AND CH. CHIRANJEEVI2
1
Scientist (Entomology), Sugarcane Research Station, Vuyyuru, Krishna dt., Andhra Pradesh
2
Professor (Entomology) & Head, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur dt., Andhra Pradesh
The major biotic production constraints in rice cultivation was infestation by major insect pests viz., stemborer, gallmidge, planthoppers and
leaf folder contributing annually 40-60 per cent average yield loss. Indiscriminate use and over reliance on chemical based management may
lead to ecological adversity and unintended consequences hampering the sustainability of the rice production. Integrated pest management
(IPM) was the need of the hour as an effective and environmentally sensitive holistic approach in suppressing the pest incidence besides
realising higher net profits. The adoption of IPM based management at farmers level has to be enhanced by creating awareness among
farmers and changing their perceptions. In this regard, an on farm research trial for a period of three consecutive kharif seasons (2016-2018)
was conducted in farmer’s field to envisage the effectiveness of IPM based management compared to farmers practice. The pooled results
clearly indicated minimum per cent dead hearts (3.77), per cent white ears (3.27), per cent silver shoots (5.25), per cent damaged leaves by
leaf folder (6.00) and low population of BPH (37) and WBPH (12) in IPM treated plots as against highest pest incidence in control plots with
corresponding values of 4.15, 3.48, 9.68, 7.38, 78 and 29, respectively. The natural enemies’ population was comparatively higher in IPM
treated plots and there was a significant hike in their number season after season indicating the maintenance of ecological balance in IPM
treated plots. There was no significant yield (kg ha -1) difference among the treatments but the cost benefit ratio was high in IPM treated plots
over farmers practice with 1: 1.33 and 1: 1.20, respectively. A survey on farmer’s perceptions inferred that nearly 34 per cent of farmers
opined IPM module as effective practice and provided satisfactory control against major insect pests of rice and nearly 80 per cent of the
farmers rated the IPM control tactics as satisfactory to excellent type. Realizing the significance of IPM in rice crop, by the above result
demonstration, nearly 50 per cent farmers in that village had changed their attitudes and adapted the IPM practices in rice pest management.
Keywords: Rice, Insect pests, IPM, Farmers practice, farmer’s perceptions, adaption levels
GNRSA-2020/1083
COVID-19 EFFECT ON CRUDE OIL IN INDIA
DEBASHISH KUMAR
Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University
After decades of growth in the demand for oil, Indiafinds itself in uncharted territory with the pandemic-induced lockdown. The outbreak of
COVID-19 brought social and economic life to a standstill. In this study the focus is on assessing the impact on affected sectors, such as
aviation, tourism, retail, capital markets, MSMEs, and specially oil. International and internal mobility is restricted, and the revenues
generated by travel and tourism, which contributes 9.2% of the GDP, will take a major toll on the GDP growth rate.Onset of the COVID-19
pandemic, the past 12 months have been quite challenging for the oil and gas industry. Global crude demand dropped by about 30 percent and
oil prices had a free fall(OPEC,2020). The Indian oil and gas industry responded commendably and operated safely during this
period.However, the current crisis will have a lasting impact on the industry. This is because changes in operating models, travel habits,
accelerating digitisation, and finally urgency for decarbonisation will result in demand rebalancing in the medium term and decline in the
longer run. Oil has plummeted to very low of $ 22 per barrel in March, and Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) have withdrawn huge amounts
from India, about USD 571.4 million. While lower oil prices will shrink the current account deficit, reverse capital flows will expand it.
Surprising drop in demand for oil has dropped the crude oil prices to an 18 year low of US$22 per barrel, in March from US$65 per barrel in
January. Some estimates have pegged a saving of US$7–8 billion for India for every US$5 a barrel fall in crude oil prices. A fall in crude oil
prices may cut India’s current account deficit, which was 1.55 of GDP in 2019–2020 (Economic Survey, 2020).India’s petroleum product
demand is expected to fall by eight per cent to 4,597 thousand barrels per day (IEA, 2020). India’s oil demand is expected to fall to 4.60
million barrels per day in 2020, as compared to 5.01 million barrels per day recorded in 2019. The agency expects domestic crude oil
production to continue to decline in 2020. Crude oil production will remain subdued in the coming months and is projected to decline to 0.75
million barrels per day in 2020, as compared to 0.80 million barrels per day recorded in 2019(EIA,2020).
GNRSA-2020/1084
MODERN ASPECTS OF MUSHROOM CULTURE TECHNOLOGY
SARDAR SINGH KAKRALIYA

Ph.D Scholar, Division of Plant Pathology, SKUAST- Jammu and Kashmir, India
The production and culture of new species of mushrooms is increasing. The breeding of new strains has significantly improved, allowing the
use of strains with high yield and resistance to diseases, increasing productivity and diminishing the use of chemicals for pest control. The
improvement and development of modern technologies, such as computerized control, automated mushroom harvesting, preparation of
compost, production of mushrooms in a non-composted substrate, and new methods of substrate sterilization and spawn preparation, will
increase the productivity of mushroom culture. All these aspects are crucial for the production of mushrooms with better flavor, appearance,
texture, nutritional qualities, and medicinal properties at low cost. Mushroom culture is a biotechnological process that recycles
ligninocellulosic wastes, since mushrooms are food for human consumption and the spent substrate can be used in different ways
GNRSA-2020/1085
SELECTIVE NON CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SNCR) TECHNOLOGY FOR NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSION
CONTROL IN HEIDELBERG CEMENT INDIA LIMITED, NARSINGARH, DAMOH AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAC
SANDEEP KUMAR TIWARI1, MAHENDRAKUMARTIWARI2,

1.Departmentof Environmental Science, A K S University, Satna (M.P.)
Some of the Indian Industries has installed Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) technology at their Cement plant to reduce the
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emission during cement manufacturing. Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for NOx emission reduction in
which, Ammonia solution (25% Ammonium Hydroxide) or Urea is required at Pre-Heater or Pre-calciner in a range of temperature 870-
1090oC on which Ammonia (NH3) gas is generating which is highly reactive with NOx and converting it into Nitrogen gas (N2).
Subsequently, Aqua Ammonia Solution is being transported by Road from Ammonia manufacturer unit to Cement plants therefore, some of
the quantity of NOx is generating during manufacturing and transportation of Ammonium Hydroxide. However, on one hand SNCR is
installing for NOx emission control on another hand NOx is also generating during manufacturing and transportation of Aqua. It has been
observed that during manufacturing of Ammonia and transportation of Aqua Ammonia Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) generation is very less than
compare to amount of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) reduce by using of Aqua Ammonia by SNCR in Cement Industry.
Keywords: Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), Pet coke, Ammonia, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx),Aqua Ammonia etc..
GNRSA-2020/1086
STUDIES ON PREPARATION OF GUAVA ICE CREAM FROM (CV.) ALLAHABAD SAFEDA AND L-49 GUAVA (PSIDIUM
GUAJAVA L.)
VIDHUR KUMAR AND PRATIMA GUPTA

Department of Horticulture, Allahabad School of Agriculture, S.H.U.A.T.S, Allahabad-211007, India
The experimental work was conducted in the P.G. Laboratory, Deportment of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture
Technology & Sciences (Deemed-to-be-University), Allahabad, during the year 2011-2012 for preparation of Guava ice cream from (Cv.)
Allahabad Safeda and L-49 guava (Psidium guajava L.) for TSS, ascorbic acid and Overall Acceptability revealed that there was increase in
the level of TSS and Ascorbic acid during the storage period (eight months). The design was used RBD. Under experiment 4 treatment was
taken T0 (control), T1 (Allahabad Surkha), T2 (Apple colour) T3 (Allahabad Safeda) and 5 replications in Chemical and organoleptic of
Guava pulp ice cream. Fully developed sound guava fruits were selected. All the treatments were found better in respect of Moisture %,
TSS %, pH, Acidity %, Fat % and Protein % content with organoleptic parameters Colour and appearance. Flavour and Taste, Body and
texture, Melting Resistance and Overall Acceptability over Control. Highest mean TSS (47.90%), Acidity % (0.45%), Fat % (11.42%), and
Protein content (4.62%) were observed in T1 (Allahabad Surkha), All the sensory parameters were as based on the overall acceptability
which was depended on Color, Texture, Fla- vor and Taste was recorded highest (8.14 score) in Ti (Allahabad Surkha), Precisely on the
basis of results obtained it may be concluded that treatment T1 (Allahabad Surkha) was found as superior colour and appearance (8.20)
body and texture (8.05) and flaovour and taste (8.20) and melting resistance (8.10). T 1 (Allahabad Surkha) can be used in
commercialization of ice cream preparation. This recipe may also be advocated for safe storage at 3-4°C temperature.
Key Words : Guava (Psidium guajava L.), fat, pH, acidity, protein, total solids, melting resistance, milk.
GNRSA-2020/1087
RESPONSE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SYNTHETIC AUXIN AND GIBBERLLIC ACID ON YIELD AND QUALITY
PARAMETERS OF APPLE BER
ABHAY BISEN*, SHWATI PARDHI** AND RAHUL DONGRE***

*Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture and Research Station,Korba , IGKV (C.G.)
** SMS, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raipur, IGKV (C.G.)
***Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture,JNKVV (M.P.)
Apple ber is believed to be introduced from Thailand. In India, it is cultivated in Maharashtra, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and some parts
of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The cultivation of Apple Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) is gaining momentum in subtropical and tropical
regions of India owing to its precocity in bearing, fruit size, yield potential and crisp texture. Unlike the local and hybrid variety, the specialty
of the Apple Ber is the size of the fruit which is bigger; it tastes very sweet, is drought resistant, consumes less water and requires less
insecticide and is sustainable in hot temperature too, having a life of 20 years. All types of soil are suitable for cultivation of Apple Ber. Spray
schedule of growth regulators and Fertilization changes on type of Soil, Water and weather condition. Plant growth substances play a
significant role in many physiological phenomena for improving the flowering, fruit set, size and quality of fruit as well as yield. The use of
plant growth substances in Apple ber fruit crops for reduce fruit drop and improving flowering and fruiting behavior and quality attributes
has not been properly reported in Chhattisgarh conditions. Hence, present experiment framed to find the suitable growth substances and their
doses for improving fruit set, quality and yield of Apple Ber in Chhattisgarh. The higher fruit set and retention in fruit on the tree is induced
by the application of plant hormones resulting in good growth rate of fruit and contributing in final size of the fruits. An imbalance of auxins,
cytokinine and gibberellins may leads to the formation of abscission at the stem point and eventually cause fruit drop. Flower requires an
endogenous hormonal stimulation to set fruit, especially sufficient amount of auxin and gibberelline. The present investigation entitled
“Response of foliar application of synthetic auxin and gibberllic acid on yield and quality parameters of Apple Ber” was conducted at Dry
Land Horticultural farm Suragi, Pt. Shiv Kumar Sashtry College of Agriculture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.)
during the year 2018-19. This experiment was conducted to assess the influence of foliar application of different growth promoters on
flowering , fruit set , fruit retention, fruit drop, yield and quality parameter of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Apple Ber. Total 14
treatments viz. GA3(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 ppm) and NAA (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 ppm), with3 replication were applied in RBD
design. The result revealed that maximum initial fruit set (3912), fruit retention (26.32 %) and minimum fruit drop (80.56%) were recorded
with NAA 50 ppm. Highest fruit yield (42.21kg/ Plant) produced with 40ppm GA3 over control (12.85 kg/Plant). The quantitative character
of fruits i.e. maximum volume (50.67cc), length (5.21cm), diameter (4.97mm), fruit weight (65.45g), pulp weight (55.15g) and minimum
stone weight (1.98g found with 40ppm GA3. The qualitative character i.e. TSS (13.5 0Brix), ascorbic acid (80.43mg/100g), reducing sugar
(5.22 %), non- reducing sugar (6.56 %), Total sugar (11.78%) observed maximum and minimum acidity (0.33%) with the application of GA 3
@ 40ppm.
GNRSA-2020/1088
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY THROUGH D2-ANALYSIS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
ABHIMANYU, RAJAT CHUDHARY, AND POORAN CHAND

Corresponding author:- rajatbio007@gmail.com
The present investigation involving forty five rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in randomized complete block design with three replications
was undertaken to assess the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient, path coefficient analysis and genetic
divergence. Observations were recorded for morphological traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of
reproductive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, biological yield per plant, harvest index, test weight and grain
yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability among the genotypes for all the characters under study,
indicated wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for days to
50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and biological yield,
showing the influence of additive gene action on the traits hence, may be useful for effective selection. Correlation and path analysis
indicated that effective improvement in grain yield may be obtained by improving number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of grains
per panicle, biological yield per plant, harvest index and test weight also can be considered as guidelines for further breeding work to develop
desired plant type. Genotypes from the same geographical region fell into different clusters and vice-versa. This suggested that selection of
parents for hybridization should be on genetic diversity rather than on the geographical areas. Days to 50% flowering followed by days to
maturity, plant height, test weight, number of grains per panicle and biological yield contributed most towards divergence. Based on the
divergence study, crosses among the genotypes viz., Basmati 6141, HBC 46, Basmati 410, IR 75428-6-3, Vasumati, Mahisugandha, Basmati
Type-3, UPR 3565 10-1-1, Basmati 217, PDKV Shriram, Lua Nhe Den, Binir hen, Basmati 5836, Bindli, Basmati Bahar, UPR 2828-7-2-1
and Ranbir Basmati is suggested for utilizing them in hybridization programme for getting desired segregants for rice improvement.
Keywords: genetic advance, path coefficient, genetic divergence and genetic variability.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1089
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND
PROFITABILITY OF GLADIOLUS (GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORUS L.) FOR EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH
ABHINAV KUMAR1, ARUN KUMAR SINGH1 AND ARCHANA SINGH2

Department of Floriculture & Landscape, Collage of Horticulture & Forestry1, KVK, Mankapur, Gonda2, Acharya Narendra Deva University
of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
A field experiment was carried out to study the “effect of plant growth regulators and micronutrients on economic feasibility and profitability
of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) for Eastern Uttar Pradesh” at the Main Experiment Station, Department of Floriculture & Landscape,
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad (U.P.) during summer season in
the year 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design with 12 treatments replicated thrice to
assess the effect of plant growth regulators and micronutrients on.The demand for gladiolus cut flower is gaining momentum with increasing
aesthetic sense and higher socio-economic standard of the people. Owing to its ever-increasing demand every year at a galloping speed has
now created enough opportunities for economic growth potential in future. Hence, to evaluate economic viability of cultivation as a
commercial cut flower crop the present investigation was carried out under open field condition. Economics study showed that there is a
significant difference with respect to plant growth regulators and micronutrients. Among the different treatments studied highest gross returns
were obtained from treatment G3M4 (10,97,000/ha), followed by G3M3 (10,44,000/ha), G3M2(9,71,000/ha) and G3M1 (9,21,000/ha) with a
net return of Rs. 7,52,900/ha, 7,00,525/ha, 6,27,125/ha and 5,77,750/ha, respectively. However, minimum gross was obtained in G1M1 (7,
53, 000/ha) with a net return of Rs. 4, 19, 750/ha compared to other treatments grown under open field condition. The investment in gladiolus
crop was found to be economically sound and highly remunerative as these treatments produce highest yield (flower spikes) per hectare
resulted in maximum B:C ratio of 2.19, 2.04 and 1.82 respectively, hence the same can be exploited for commercial cultivation to meet the
increasing global demand. Keywords: B:C ratio, Economics, Gladiolus, Nova lux and cast benefit ratio.
GNRSA-2020/1090
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF THIOUREA AND POTASSIUM NITRATE ON YIELD AND YIELD
ATTRIBUTES IN SESAME (SESAME INDICUM L.) UNDER MOISTURE STRESS ENVIRONMENT.
AMIT KUMAR1, M. A. KHAN2, S.N. SINGH3 AND DEEPAK KUMAR RAWAT4

1,4Research Scholar CSAUA&T KANPUR
2,3Assistant Professor, CSAUA&T KANPUR
Email - acsakumar@gmail.com
An experiment was conducted behind the wire net house of Department of Crop Physiology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and
Technology, Kanpur (208002). To study the response on Sesame of thiourea and Potassium nitrate along with foliar application at two spray
(55 DAS and 70 DAS) during Kharif season 2015. Crop under foliar application of thiourea and KNO3 attained maximum growth, and total
dry matter production per plant in treatment 1.0% Potassium nitrate foliar application at 50% flowering and 50% capsule formation (T7)
(46.95 g) at 80 DAS and yield attributes number of capsules per plant (60.66), number of seed per capsule (50.66) test weight of (1000 seeds)
in (3.32 g), seed yield (7.76 Q/ha) and biological yield per plant (55.44 g) as well as over control among the application of thiourea 0.05%
and KNO3 1% along both recorded maximum improvement to control but the KNO3 is recorded maximum improvement in all these
parameters followed by thiourea.
Key word; - Biological yield, Capsules, Potassium nitrate, Production, Thiourea
GNRSA-2020/1091
THE ROLE OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD TO BOOST IMMUNITY

ANCHAL JAISWAL*1, DEEPAK SAHU2 AND TRISHLA SAHU3
1 M. Tech, Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering,IGKV, Raipur (C.G.), jaiswalanchal11@gmail.com,
2 M. Tech, Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering,IGKV, Raipur (C.G.), deepaksahu17795@gmail.com,
3 Ph. D. Studend, Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering,IGKV, Raipur (C.G.), trishusahu@gmail.com,
Moringa oleifera is native to India and grows tropic and sub-tropical region of the world. The leaves of moringa tree are the storehouse of
nutrients. The effectiveness moringa leaves extract at was investigated in terms of bioactive compounds present in moringa leaves extract
and their antioxidant and antibacterial potential. Moringa leaves extract had good phenolic, flavonoids and tannin content. It had good
antioxidant potential determined by different in vitro assay such as DPPH, β carotene and reducing power assay. Antioxidant protect cell
from damage and boost immune system. They are also rich in minerals like Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca and Vitamins like β-carotene, vitamin A, B, C, D
wwww
and E also present. Moringa is a storehouse of all essential nutrients that are needed to improve the immunity. Moringa leaves treat
hyperglycemia and diseases like asthma, pneumonia and flu etc. and acts as an anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-diabetic. Due
to COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in world, it is forcing humankind to innovate and change the way we work, live and dietary habits. Immunity
system affected by the dietary habits and environmental condition and the diet which rich in antioxidant and nutrient can boost immune
system. Moringa oleifera possess antioxidant property with immunostimulatant behavior. This article hopes to shed light into the beneficial
properties of moringa, and how they correlate with immune health, while also acknowledging the need for long-term healthy habits. Moringa
leaves can be used as nutritional supplement in food products such as cookies, khakhra, crackers and energy bar and increasing nutrition
quality of food product.
Keywords - Moringa oleifera, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, Moringa leaves.enc
GNRSA-2020/1092
AGRI-TOURISM AS A STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF BALAGHAT DISTRICT
APARNA JAISWAL1, SURENDRA KUMAR RAI2 AND RAHUL DONGRE3

Assistant Professor,COA, Balaghat (JNKVV, Jabalpur)1&2
Assistant Professor, COA, Jabalpur (JNKVV, Jabalpur) 3
The concept of Agri- tourism has great capacity to transform the economy of that area. It is the combination of rural tourism, adventure
tourism and eco tourism. The town of Balaghat is situated on the Bank of River Wainganga and about About 80% of the district's area is
covered with forest. Keeping these things, a study to identify the opportunities in agri-tourism was conducted in Balaghat district. It was
found that by developing the agri tourism potential, ample of employment opportunities and alternative income of sources to both skilled and
unskilled will be generated. Promotion of agri- tourism would bring many direct and indirect benefits to the people and it will be proved as
powerful sector to promote the growth of that region.
Keywords: Employment, Income
GNRSA-2020/1093
EFFICACY OF CERTAIN BOTANICALS AGAINST TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST) IN STORED WHEAT GRAIN
AWANEESH KUMAR1*, ANJMONI DEVEE1, P. PATGIRI1, N. AJITKUMAR SINGH1 AND VISHAL2

Deptt. of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-131
Deptt. of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 1102
*Corresponding author (awaneeshkumarjesus@gmail.com)
Present study was carried out in Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13 in 2019 in the reference of wheat
storage.Wheat is the most important and widely cultivated in India for its seed and grain. Wheat grains are need to store for emerging
population of the world but these storages are destroyed by several calamitous pest. Among all, Tribolium castaneum Herbst one of them,
adult and larva both are considered as a distractive stage.That is why locally available medicinal plants dry powders (A. indica, C. roseus, C.
heptaphylla, D. stramonium, E. tereticornis, M. struthiopteris, and V. negundo) were used against T. castaneum. A. indica (1.46%), D.
stramonium (2.04%) and E. tereticornis (2.76%) showed highest LD50values.Thehighest mean repellency was exhibited by A. indica
(83.61%) followed by D. stramonium (70.86%) and E. tereticornis (74.81). On the behalf of highest LD50 and mean repellency A. indica, D.
stramonium and E. tereticornis were selected for further work. All these botanicals viz., A. indica (45.00, 53.75, 62.50, 81.25 and 93.75%), D.
stramonium (40.00, 51.25, 51.25, 80.00 and 91.25%) and E. Tereticornis (36.25, 47.50, 47.50, 76.25 and 88.75%) respectively provided
continuous increase of mortality from 1 day after treatment to 28 days and reached 100 per centmortalityat 35 days.The lowest grain weight
loss was found in A. indica (8.64%) followed by D. stramonium (9.87%) and E. tereticornis (17.38%), which were at par to each other. The
highest grain weight loss was observed in control with 64.92 per cent.
Key word- Wheat, Tribolium castaneum, Botanicals, LD50, Repellency and Weight loss
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1094
RS-GIS BASED INFESTATION SURVEYING OF BANANACROP: A CASE STUDY OF BHAGALPUR DISTRICT, BIHAR,
INDIA
B.K. VIMAL, RAGINI KUMARI*, RAJKISHORE KUMAR, AMIT KUMAR PANDEY, ASHUTOSH KUMAR SINGHAND
SUNITA KUMARI1
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Sabour-813210
1
Department of Agronomy, KVK, Vaishali
Email;drrkbaus@yahoo.in*
Banana is the horticultural crop provides an important component of food, as a source of income to the growers and employment generation.
In Bihar, banana cultivation is mostly confined in lowland irrigated tracts of Vaisali (Hajipur), Bhagalpur, Khagaria, Katihar and Purnea
districts. In context of yield performance, infestation in banana is a great concern, and to meet out this problem the present study was done.
Spectral responses of the plants by using of satellite images (IRS LISS III, land sat ETM+ and Carto DEM) provided an opportunity to find
out the patches of plants/banana orchards, infestation and their mapping. To achieve these targets, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
and Normalized Difference Water Index were used under spectral enhancement techniques, and their layers stacked towards fruitful
outcome(identification of infestation in plants). Results revealed that, there was the high concentration of Banana orchards was found in
medium to low lands of the Kosi and the Ganges river basins having light textured soils (sandy loam) of Narayanpur, Kharik, Rangara
Chowk, Naugachhiya and Gopalpur blocks of Bhagalpur district. Thelow range of NDVI (<0.2) in interpreted satellite images over the period
of pre monsoon and post monsoon, indicated the moderately to high infestation under moist soil condition after flood.
Key word: Banana cultivation, Satellite image, NDVI
GNRSA-2020/1095
EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTING FULL FAT SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.) SEED WITH SOYBEAN MEAL ON
THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD SERUM AND MEAT COLOR OF BROILER CHICKEN
AMAN RATHAUR*, D.C. RAI, VINOD BHATESHWAR AND UDAY PRATAP SINGH
Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Objectives: An experiment was conducted to determine growth performance, blood parameters and meat color of various levels of safflower
seed replace from soybean meal fed to broiler birds. Methods: A total of two hundred one-day-old male broiler chicks fed a basal diet over
one week. After one-week chicks were randomly distributed in to 5 treatment groups, which were respectively, fed a basal diet (control), and
fed a diet with (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%) full fat safflower seed. Each treatment had five pens with 8 chicks per pen. The diet was formulated
in to two phase starter phase (which was used for 7-21d) and finisher phase (which was used 22-42d). Results: The bodyweight gain (BWG)
and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved by supplementation of full fat safflower seed (FFSS) during last 4 week of trail (p<0.05). In
this trail the highest and lowest BWG was observed in 5% FFSS and 0% FFSS. Feed intake was not significantly (p>0.05) observed in starter
phase and finisher phase. High density lipoprotein was not (P>0.05) significantly observed in the all treatment. Cholesterol, LDL (low density
lipoprotein),VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) level significantly (P<.05) decreased when fed FFSS. Dietary FFSS increased the highest
value of lightness and redness in the group of 5% FFSS. Yellowness value was significantly decreased in all the FFSS treatment. During the
storage periods of meat all values are significantly decreased compared than zero time. Conclusion: In conclusion, FFSS could be used as a
potential natural alternative protein source to improve growth performance, reduce cholesterol level and improve the meat quality.
Keywords: Broiler birds, Cholesterol, Full fat safflower seed, Linoleic acid, Meat color
GNRSA-2020/1096
STUDIES ON POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF GRAM POD BORER HELICOVERPA
ARMIGERA, (HÜBNER) IN CHICKPEA
SAXENA RAVIPRAKASH NARAYAN, P.S.SINGH AND R.S.MEENA
Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology,I.Ag.Sc., B.H.U.,Varanasi -221005
The present investigations on “Studies on population dynamics and eco-friendly management of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera
(Hübner) in chickpea” was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during two consecutive years 2015-
16 and 2016-17. There were eighteen genotypes/varieties screened for their relative resistance and susceptibility in the field. In laboratory
estimation of amount of malic acid exudates, oxalic acid, total sugar and phenols compounds were estimated to know the correlation between
their concentration and infestation of gram pod borer. Eco-friendly management was applied as trap crop and intercrop along with chickpea
to know the effect. Lastly some novel insecticides were taken in investigation for ultimate management judiciously. There was positive
correlation was observed in both period of investigations in 2015-16 & 2016-17 and the correlation coefficient (r) between temperature and
pheromone trap catches were (r= 0.410 & 0.454) in 2015-16 and (r= 0.430 & 0.173) in 2016-17. The genotypes were scaled for their relative
resistance and susceptibility on a 1 to 9 scale. It was observed that C- 235 and Digvijay screened out to be moderately resistant having 10.73
wwww
per cent and 13.26 per cent pod infestation respectively in 2015-16. During 2016-17 genotype C-235 was screened out as resistant genotype
having rating index 3 and minimum per cent pod (13.65 %) infestation was observed. Oxalic acid, malic acid and phenols have been
significant and negatively correlated with per cent pod damage by H. armigera. While total sugar content was significantly and positively
correlated with per cent pod damage. With findings of these two consecutive years experiment on inter cropping and trap cropping indicates
that chickpea + coriander performed better in field. Management with novel insecticides showed that performance of Indoxacarb treated plot
was best in the field followed by Spinosad and least field efficacy was of HaNPV treated plot.
Key Words: genotypes, resistance, susceptibility, Helicoverpa armigera, chickpea.
GNRSA-2020/1097
COVID-19 EFFECT ON CRUDE OIL IN INDIA
DEBASHISH KUMAR
Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
After decades of growth in the demand for oil, India finds itself in uncharted territory with the pandemic-induced lockdown. The outbreak of
COVID-19 brought social and economic life to a standstill. In this study the focus is on assessing the impact on affected sectors, such as
aviation, tourism, retail, capital markets, MSMEs, and specially oil. International and internal mobility is restricted, and the revenues
generated by travel and tourism, which contributes 9.2% of the GDP, will take a major toll on the GDP growth rate. Onset of the COVID-19
pandemic, the past 12 months have been quite challenging for the oil and gas industry. Global crude demand dropped by about 30 percent
and oil prices had a free fall (OPEC,2020). The Indian oil and gas industry responded commendably and operated safely during this period.
However, the current crisis will have a lasting impact on the industry. This is because changes in operating models, travel habits, accelerating
digitisation, and finally urgency for decarbonisation will result in demand rebalancing in the medium term and decline in the longer run. Oil
has plummeted to very low of $ 22 per barrel in March, and Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) have withdrawn huge amounts from India,
about USD 571.4 million. While lower oil prices will shrink the current account deficit, reverse capital flows will expand it. Surprising drop
in demand for oil has dropped the crude oil prices to an 18 year low of US$22 per barrel, in March from US$65 per barrel in January. Some
estimates have pegged a saving of US$7–8 billion for India for every US$5 a barrel fall in crude oil prices. A fall in crude oil prices may cut
India’s current account deficit, which was 1.55 of GDP in 2019–2020 (Economic Survey, 2020). India’s petroleum product demand is
expected to fall by eight per cent to 4,597 thousand barrels per day (IEA, 2020). India’s oil demand is expected to fall to 4.60 million barrels
per day in 2020, as compared to 5.01 million barrels per day recorded in 2019. The agency expects domestic crude oil production to continue
to decline in 2020. Crude oil production will remain subdued in the coming months and is projected to decline to 0.75 million barrels per day
in 2020, as compared to 0.80 million barrels per day recorded in 2019(EIA,2020).
GNRSA-2020/1098
STANDARDIZE ROW SPACING AND NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT OF QUINOA IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN
HANSRAJ SHIVRAN, S P SINGH, PREVEEN KUMAR NITHARWAL AND RAMESH CHOUDHARY

Agricultural Research Station, SKRAU, Bikaner 334006
Quinoa, (Chenopodium quinoa), is false cereal and grown for as a tiny edible seed. It belongs to Amaranthaceae family. Its seeds are high in
protein and fibre, and its young leaves are also nutritious and can be eaten as a vegetable. The plant is native to the Andean region of South
America, where it has been a staple crop for millennia. Quinoa is now grown in a number of countries around the world, including the United
States, Canada, Italy, Sweden, and India, but most of it is still grown in Peru and Bolivia. Quinoa is an annual herbaceous plant that can reach
up to 3 metres (9.8 feet) in height, depending on the race. Its thick cylindrical stalk can be straight or branching and bears alternate leaves that
range from lanceolate (tapering to a point) to roughly triangular. Its flowers are small and apetalous (lacking petals) and grow clustered in
racemose (simple and unbranching) inflorescences. Quinoa is rich source of manganese, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc and
low glycemic index and good for diabetic patents. It is also good sources of vitamin A & E and vitamin E has antioxidant properties and
prevents lipid peroxidation, thus contributing to maintaining the stability of cell membrane structures and protecting the nervous system,
muscle and retina from oxidation. It is gluten free and good source of protein and antioxidant.An experiment was conducted at ARS, Bikaner
during Rabi 2017-18 to 2018-19 to standardize row spacing and nutritional requirement (nitrogen)of quinoa in western Rajasthan. The
experimental area is irrigated by sprinkler system and fertility status of soil i.e., low nitrogen and phosphorous and medium potassium. The
experiment was laid out with Randomized block design, the plot size was 5 m x 6 m and there were three replications with the treatments of
four row spacing i.e., 30 cm, 40 cm 50 cm & 60 cm and three nitrogen levels i.e., 60 kg, 90 kg & 120 kg/ha. In row spacing the maximum
yield was recorded under 50 cm row spacing treatment plot which was remained stastically at par with 40 cm row spacing and as regards
nutritional requirement the maximum yield was recorded under 120 kg N/ha which was stastically at par with 90 kg N/ha during both the year
of experimentation, it was found that maximum quinoa grain yield was recorded with treatment 50 cm row spacing (1770 kg/ha) with 120 kg
N/ha (1712 kg/ha) on the basis of two years mean data.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1099
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR YIELD AND YIELD-RELATED TRAITS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
PRATIBHA SINGH
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a global staple food crop, directly feeding more people than any other crop. Keeping all the beneficial aspects of this
crop in mind, the present study was conducted during the Kharif-2019 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The experiment was performed in an alpha lattice design with three lattices and four blocks with each
replicate. Observations were documented based on sixteen characters: Days to first flowering, Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity,
Effective tillers per plant, Plant height, Panicle length, Spikelets per panicle, Grains per panicle, Spikelet fertility percent, grain weight per
panicle, grain yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plot, biomass yield per plot, harvest index and kernel L/B ratio.It is
worthnoting from the analysis of variance that the genotypes differ significantly for all 16 characters studied. The genotypes showed a wide
range of variability for most characters. This specifies that there is sufficient scope for the selection of promising genotypes from the current
set of germplasm for yield improvement. For almost all the characters under study, the difference between the values of PCV and GCV was
small, suggesting a low environmental impact in the expression of these traits, suggesting genotypic differences between genotypes for
selection to operate. Characteristics like grains per panicle followed by grain weight per panicle, spikelets per panicle and grain yield per
plant recorded the highest values of PCV and GCV, indicating the possibility of improving these traits through selection. Also, high
heritability with high genetic advance as percent of 5% mean was noted for days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, plant height,
spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plot, biomass yield per plot, harvest
index and kernel L/B ratio, indicating the effectiveness of selection for the improvement of these traits. From the study, it is clear that the
highest PCV, GCV, heretability and genetic advance was recorded for traits spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle and grain weight per
panicle. It is suggested to select these traits to meet the objective of increased yield.
Key words: GCV, germplasm, genetic advance, heritability, PCV
GNRSA-2020/1100
CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN CHANGING CLIMATE SCENERIO
HANSA CHOUDHARY*CHANDRAKANTA JAKHAR RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR
*Division of Agronomy, RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Department of Agronomy, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner- 303329, INDIA
Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, have caused a substantial increase in the concentration of
carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This increase in atmospheric CO2 from about 280 to more than 380 parts per million (ppm) over the
last 250 years is causing measurable global warming. In response to growing concerns about climate change resulting from increased carbon
dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, considerable interest has been drawn to the possibility of increasing the rate of carbon sequestration
through changes in land use and forestry and also through geo engineering techniques such as carbon capture and storage . Atmospheric
concentrations of carbon dioxide can be lowered either by reducing emissions or by taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and storing
in terrestrial, oceanic, or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Carbon sequestration is used to describe both natural and deliberate processes by
which CO2 is either removed from the atmosphere or diverted from emission sources and stored in the ocean, terrestrial environments
(vegetation, soils, and sediments), and geologic formations. Basically, it is the process of capturing of atmospheric carbon dioxide and storing
it to mitigate global warming and climate change. Carbon dioxide is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical or
physical processes. Some artificial equestration technique sexploit these natural processes, while some use entirely artificial processes. There
are three ways that this sequestration can be carried out; post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and oxy- combustion. A wide
variety of separation techniques are being pursued, including gas phase separation, absorption into a liquid, and adsorption on a solid, as well
as hybrid processes, such as adsorption/membrane systems. These above processes basically will capture carbon emitting from power plants,
factories, fuel burning industries and soon.
Key words: - Carbon sequestration, Fossil fule, Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Global warming
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1101
GROWTH AND INSTABILITY IN AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS IN NORTH
EAST REGION
*AVDHESH SHARMA
* Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Economics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.) – 221005
Growth and instability in area, production and productivity of total horticultural crops has always been the subject of intense debate. In this
study, trends in growth and instability of horticultural crops in India for the last 15 years from 2003-04 to 2017-18 has been examined. In
agriculture instability is a very aspect that indicates the variation in data. Indian agriculture is primarily dependent on monsoon. If monsoon
fails, Indian agriculture faces significant loss and variations especially in production over time. Cuddy Della Valle Index has been used for
estimating instability in area, production and productivity of horticultural crops. Several fluctuations in the growth pattern and instability of
area, production and productivity of the crops in north eastern states over the period of time were observed in the study.
Keywords: Cuddy Della Valle index, growth, instability, North East India.
GNRSA-2020/1102
CRISPR-CAS9: GENOME EDITING PLATFORMS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.): STRATEGIES AND
APPLICATIONS
DIKSHA KUMARI1,2, BISHUNDEO PRASAD1*, PADMANABH DWIVEDI2

1
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur- 813210, Bihar, India;
2
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, UP, India;
The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/associated nuclease Cas9 technology, adapted from bacterial
immune system, for specific and precise modification of genomes has transformed molecular biology. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been
widely used in crop plants to introduce targeted mutations for studying gene function and providing new avenues for crop improvement.
Typically, CRISPR/Cas9 expression cassettes are delivered to plant cells and expressed. Then the Cas9 protein cuts the genomic DNA to
generate a double-strand break (DSB), triggering cellular DNA repair mechanisms. In the absence of a homologous repair template, the error-
prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is activated and introduces random insertions/deletions or even substitutions at the DSB
site, generally resulting in the disruption of gene function. Alternatively, if donor DNA template homologous to the sequence surrounding the
DSB site is available, the error-free homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway is initiated, leading to mutations that perform precise gene
modification, including gene knock-in, deletion, or mutation. The synthetic single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) are required to construct the
CRISPR/Cas9 expression cassettes. The Cas9 protein is then guided to specific genomic sites by the sgRNAs that recognize the NGG-type
protospacer adjacent motif and targets DNA sequences through Watson–Crick base pairing. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has opened the
possibility for targeted genome editing in various crop plants including rice. . Genome editing is a powerful tool for modifying quantitative
and qualitative parameters. This approach is one of the most frequently used for study of the function of new genes and for the development
of elite mutant lines with increased tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress.
Key Words: Rice,Genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9, biotic stress, abiotic stress, off-target, mutation
GNRSA-2020/1103
INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM A TOOL OF DOUBLING FARMER’S INCOME
SHIV POOJAN YADAV*, AND HARSITA NAYAK

PH. D. SCHOLARS
Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005 (Uttar Pradesh)
Agriculture is a backbone of Indian economy that makes a significant contribution to the wealth and quality of life for rural and urban
communities. In the era of Green Revolution (GR), development and expansion of irrigation and intensification of high yielding variety
(HYV) in the most favorable environments is one of exploitative agriculture depends upon fertilizer and pesticide-based technology,
particularly of wheat and rice. The cultivation of few annual crops like rice and wheat in irrigated regions has although made the country
self-sufficient in food grain production, but accelerated use of natural resources, the degradation of the land resource base with accompanying
impacts on biodiversity and agricultural productivity, as also the impending effects of climate change are all posing a serious threat to the
survival and welfare of the people. In the decade of 2000s, and thereafter even with the best possible efforts, the sustainability of farming
community is in question in many production systems implying that though the problems were recognized in the earlier decades, total
solutions were not found. A lot of efforts have been made at increasing the productivity of different components of the farming system but
there is a gap still remaining within the farming system. It is apparent that income increases for farm households can be made sustainable,
wwww
only if agricultural income improvement is driven by approaches and practices, that do not erode the very productive resources on which
agriculture is based. Otherwise, the income increases are bound to be short-lived. The mixed farming practiced in ancient times was
subsistence in nature but the concept has become imperative in the present context where the need has arisen to produce more and diverse for
meeting the food, nutritional and economic requirement of the farm families. A ray of hope lies in Integrated Farming Systems, which
involves meaningful combinations of many complementary and supplementary enterprises leading to optimal sustained use of natural
resources, effective utilization of available by-products, profitable employment to all family members throughout the year, higher combined
farm income generation, high degree of stability in income generation and prosperity of the farmers. It has been widely reported that IFS
approach increases productivity by 2-3 times, creates additional employment, save 40-60% resources and ensure 100% household nutritional
security. Considering these facts, one of the flagship programmes of Government of India for betterment of farming community is the
“doubling farmer’s income (DFI) by 2022” and in this regards many interventions have been suggested including IFS for ensuring higher
farm productivity and profitability for sustainable economic growth for farming communities in India.
Key words: Biodiversity, Doubling farmer’s income, Green Revolution, Integrated farming System, Sustainability
GNRSA-2020/1104
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND ALLIED SCIENCES
PANKAJ
Ph.D. Scholar Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Banaras Hindu University 221005.
Agriculture provides food for humans directly and indirectly. With increasing world population, it is necessary to use the modern
technologies such as biotechnology and nanotechnology in agricultural sciences. Nanotechnology is defined as a growing and exciting
technology at the minute scale of one-billionth of a meter sweeping away the barriers between the subjects of Physics, Chemistry and
Biology. nano refers to a size scale between 1 nanometre (nm) and 100 nm. It is the design, characterization, production and application of
structures, devices and systems by controlling the shape and size at nanometre level.The nanotechnology has used in different applications in
all the phases like production, processing, storing, packaging and transportation of agricultural goods. It is an interdisciplinary field that has
entered the wide range of applied sciences and helping the associated personnel’s such as chemists, physicists, biologists, medical doctors and
engineers. It is revolutionizing the agriculture and food industry by innovation of new techniques such as precision farming techniques,
enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients, more effectual and targeted use of inputs, bug detection and its treatment, withstand
environmental pressures and effective systems for processing, storage and packaging. It improves the efficiency of medicines by the use of
nano particles in animal sciences. Nanomedicines can be intended and build to manipulate and optimize biological components at the nano
scale level. This includes the applications of nanomaterials and the fabrication of nanodevices to be used in nanodiagnostic, nanodrug
delivery system and drug discovery. Nanotechnology has an immense potential for future approaches in veterinary and likely to improve the
treatment of domesticated animals. It has the ability to provide appropriate solutions for providing food items, veterinary care, prescription
medicines and vaccines for these. Use of nanocapsules for production, protection and capping of some particular enzymes and proteins would
be effective in the livestock and poultry food rations in order to increase yield and effectiveness in the specific context.
Keywords- Nanotechnology, nanofoods, nanocapsules, nanomedicine, nanodevices, nanosensors.
GNRSA-2020/1105
CROP DIVERSIFICATION OF RICE WITH RAGI FOR MAXIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY
BISHNUPRIYA PATRA, P.J. MISHRA, L.M. GARNAYAK & U.S. NAGOTHU

RESILIENCE PROJECT, DEE, OUAT, BHUBANESWAR
Agriculture in India has to face new challenges to compete at the global level in many agricultural commodities. In that case crop
diversification shows lot of promise in alleviating problems through fulfilling the basic needs and regulating farm income, withstanding
weather aberrations, controlling price fluctuation, ensuring balanced food supply, environmental safety and creating employment opportunity.
Crop diversification in India is generally viewed as a shift from traditionally grown less remunerative crops to more remunerative crops.
Diversification is gradually taking place as a consequence of either launching macro-economic reforms in agriculture sector or rising
domestic demand due to urbanization and increasing income levels. The necessity for crop diversification arises on account of the need for
reducing risks associated with yield, market and prices, arresting the degradation of natural resources and the environment and attaining
national goals like employment generation, self-reliance in critical crop products and for earning foreign exchange. Diversification is the
process to take advantage of emerging opportunities created by technology, new markets, changes in policy etc. to meet certain goals,
challenges and threats and to reduce risk.Crop diversification and large number of crops are practiced in rainfed areas to reduce the risk factor
of crop failures due to drought. Wherever water resources are limiting such as tail end area of irrigation command, tank fed area and well
irrigated areas crops like Maize, maize+cowpea, Ragi etc. can be profitably cultivated. Ganjam is one of the major rice producing district. To
reduce the fatigue of rice in upland situation alternate crops like Ragi can be grown without hampering the profitability of the system. 5
wwww
beneficiaries with 1-2 hectares of rice area in Surada and Rangeilunda block has shifted to ragi in comparatively upland and less irrigated area
(dry area). rice-ragi recorded higher returns (Rs.22800/ha) compared to rice monocropping (Rs.14710/ha).Ragi has great potential under
upland condition instead of rice in rainfed areas of Ganjam (Chikarada, Lathipada). Ragi by virtue of low irrigation requirement and better
remunerative price are ideally suited to replace rice and become popular even in Non-traditional areas. Ragi offer excellent opportunity for
maximizing productivity under limited moisture availability. Its productivity can be increased by more than 60% with limited irrigation at
critical stages.
GNRSA-2020/1106
EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON QUALITY OF AJWAIN (TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI L.
SPRAGUE)
SHEESHPAL CHOUDHARY1 AND A.C. SHIVRAN2
1
Ph.D scholar and 2Professor, Department of Agronomy,
SKN College of Agriculture, SKN Agricultural University, Jobner, Rajasthan-303 329
A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner in Jaipur district of Rajasthan during rabi
season of 2016-17 on loamy sand soil. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha) and five PGRs (control,
NAA @ 50 ppm at 40 DAS, NAA @ 50 ppm at 40 and 60 DAS, thiourea @ 500 ppm at 40 DAS and thiourea @ 500 ppm at 40 and 60
DAS). The total 20 treatment combinations were tested in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that
application of nitrogen up to 30 kg/ha recorded significantly improved the protein content (18.0%) and essential oil content in seed (2.84%)
over control, application of nitrogen up to 60 kg/ha recorded significantly higher yield viz., seed (1081 kg/ha) and straw (3012 kg/ha) of
ajwain over preceding levels but remained at par with 90 kg N/ha. The results further revealed that application of PGRs significantly
increased protein content and essential oil content in seed of ajwain over control, however all PGRs remained at par to each other, foliar
application of thiourea @ 500 ppm spray at 40 and 60 DAS significantly increased seed (1112 kg/ha) and straw (3082 kg/ha) over thiourea
@ 500 ppm spray at 40 DAS, NAA @50 ppm spray at 40 DAS and control but remained at par with NAA @ 50 ppm spray at40 and 60
DAS in yield attributes and yields.
Key words: Ajwain, Nitrogen, PGRs, Quality and Yield
GNRSA-2020/1107
MINERAL NUTRITION OF PLANT
RAMESH CHAND BANA1,A.C. SHIVRAN2, VIKAS KUMAR3 AND CHANDRAKANTA JAKHAR4
*1
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agronomy, SKN COA, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303329 (Rajasthan)
2
Professor, Department of Agronomy, SKN COA, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303329 (Rajasthan)
3
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, SKN COA, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303329 (Rajasthan)
4
PG Scholar, Department of Agronomy, SKN COA, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303329
Plants are absorbing nutrient from air, water and soil. Total 105 elements are discovered but less than 21 are essential and beneficial for
normal plant growth and development. The elements required in large quantities are called major/ micro nutrients while those required in less
quantity called minor/micro nutrients. All essential elements are constituent of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acid etc., and various
metabolic processes. The deficiency symptoms are prominent such as Chlorosis, necrosis, stunted growth, impaired cell division, etc. Plants
absorb mineral nutrient through roots by either passive or active processes. They are carried to all parts of plant through xylem along with
water transport. Nutrients are taken up from the soil using plasma-membrane located transporter proteins and excess is stored in the cell
vacuole or converted into polymerized storage forms.
Keywords: Plants, Mineral nutrition, Deficient, Toxic, Macro and micro elements.
GNRSA-2020/1108
DOUBLING FARMER INCOME BY 2022: STRATEGIES AND CONSTRAINTS
SUNITA CHOUDHARY & J.S. BOHRA

INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY, VARANASI – 221005, INDIA
India has an agrarian economy. A vast majority of land is used for farming and a wide range of crops are cultivated in its different agro-
ecological regions. There is a wide variability in the generation of crop residues and their use across the different regions of the country
depending on the crops grown, cropping intensity and productivity of these crops. It is estimated that approximately 600-650 Mt of crop
residues are produced every year in the country (MNRE, 2016). These crop residues are used for animal feeding, soil mulching, biomanure
making, thatching for rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers.
wwww
However, a large portion of the residues is burnt on-farm primarily to clear the field for sowing of the succeeding crop. The problem of on-
farm burning of crop residues is intensifying in recent years due to shortage of human labours, high cost incurred on removing the crop
residues left by conventional methods as well as by combine harvesting. The crop residues can be gainfully utilized for livestock feed,
composting, power generation, biofuel production and mushroom cultivation besides several other uses like thatching, mat-making and toy
making. The residues of rice, wheat, cotton, maize, millet, sugarcane, jute, rapeseed-mustard and groundnut are typically burnt on-farm
across different states of the country. The problem is more severe in the irrigated agriculture, particularly in the mechanized rice-wheat
system of the northwest India.Under conventional intensive tillage systems, there is gradual decline in soil health (organic carbon) through
accelerated oxidation and burning of crop residues causing pollution, greenhouse gases emmission and loss of valuable plant nutrients.
Intensive tillage practices are contributing in declining air, water and soil quality. The burning and residue removal not only cause direct loss
of nutrients to the soil but also deprive the soil carbon which is important for improving soil structure and provides life to the soil by acting as
substrate for various microbes and biota.Crop residue retention has been suggested to improve overall soil fertility and support sustainable
crop production. Crop residue retention under no tillage system reduce soil erosion, increase soil organic matter (SOM) and reduce
requirement of labour and fuel under cereal/rice based cropping system. Appropriate crop residue management in rice-wheat cropping system
is helpful in increasing SOC accumulation and improve sustainability of agricultural systems. Response of crop residue are often found
beneficial when it was integrated with effective management system. However, development of appropriate new machinery for efficient
residue management and suitable option for faster residue decomposition are needed for improving soil health, environment and sustainability
of rice-wheat cropping system.
GNRSA-2020/1109
MEASUREMENT OF MANAGERIAL ABILITY OF GUAVA GROWERS ABOUT THEIR KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
SCIENTIFIC CULTIVATION OF GUAVA GROWER IN FLOOD-PRONE EASTERN PLAIN ZONE OF RAJASTHAN
ALOK KUMAR1, MANOJ KUMAR SHARMA2, R.P. SINGH3 AND NUTAN SHARMA4
1. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, SKN College of Agriculture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner,
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Mathematics and Computer Science, SKN College of Agriculture, Sri Karan Narendra
Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
3. Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan)
4. Guest Faculty, SKN College of Agribusiness Management, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Guava can be grown throughout India, According to Horticulture Statistics Division, DAC&FW in 2018-19, the total area of 276,000 hectare
is dedicated to guava production in this country. Guava occupied a total area of 2657 hectare during 2014-15 and its area increased to 3850
hectares during the years 2015-16. The total production was 23075 during 2014-15, it is increased to 41354 MT during the years 2015-2016.
Here, it is also clear that the total area and production under guava fruits has increased in 2015-16. Management, for the present study, has
been defined as the process by which the farmer can enhance the return from the farm on a sustained basis for the attainment of family goals.
Effective management is crucial for obtaining high returns from a production system on a sustained basis. There are 102 guava growing gram
panchayats in Sawai Madhopur district and 54 guava growing gram panchayats in Bharatpur districts. Out of these,10-gram panchayats from
Sawai Madhopur district and 5-gram panchayats from Bharatpur district, comprising a total of 15-gram panchayats were selected purposely
for the study purpose based on having the highest area under guava cultivation. A comprehensive list of all the guava growers of the
identified villages having guava orchards in at least 1 acre (4000 sq. mt.) from last 3 years for commercial purpose was prepared and 7 guava
growers from each selected village were selected randomly. In this way, a total sample of 210 guava growers was selected randomly for the
study purpose. there was no significant difference has been found among the farmers of selected districts concerning knowledge on various
aspects regarding scientific cultivation of guava. Further analysis of the data shows that the knowledge of respondents of Sawai Madhopur
district possessed more knowledge than the respondents of Bharatpur district.
GNRSA-2020/1110
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND BIO-REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND ECONOMICS OF
SPROUTING BROCCOLI {BRASSICA OLERACEA (L.) VAR. ITALICA PLENCK}
ARJUN LAL OLA1, BHAGCHAND SHIVRAN2, RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR3 AND MANJU NETWAL3
1.Department of Vegetable Science, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi
2.Babasahib Bhimraw Ambedkar A CentralUniversity, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
3Department of Horticulture, SKNAU, Jobner (Jaipur)
A field experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management and Bio-regulators on Growth, Yield and Quality
of Sprouting Broccoli {Brassica oleracea (L.) var. italica Plenck}”, during rabi season 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Horticulture Farm, S.K.N.
College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur).The experiment consisted of thirty five treatment combinations including seven INM (100 per cent
RDF through inorganic fertilizer, 75 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 5 t/ha FYM, 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer +
10 t/ha FYM, 20 t/ha FYM, 75 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 1.75 t/ha VC, 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 3.5
t/ha VC and 7 t/ha vermicompost and five bio-regulators levels [Control, Brassinoids @ 5 ppm, Brassinoids @ 10 ppm, Salicylic acid @ 100
ppm and Salicylic acid @ 150 ppm] were under taken in Split plot design with three replications. The results showed that the maximum plant
height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves (2.96mg/g), leaf area duration and net returns ( 304019/ha) were
recorded with the application of 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer and 3.5 t/ha vermicompost (F 5) in sprouting broccoli. Whereas,
the maximum B:C ratio (4.39:1) was recorded under 75 per cent RDF supplied through inorganic fertilizer and 1.75 t/ha vermicompost.
Similarly, different bio-regulators significantly increased the plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves
(2.84 mg/g), days taken to curd formation, leaf area duration, net returns ( 287563 /ha) and B:C ratio (3.99:1) were recorded significant
with foliar application of 5 ppm brassinoids.
KEY WORDS: Brassinoid, Broccoli, Growth, INM, Quality, Salicylic acid and Yield.
GNRSA-2020/1111
PERFORMANCE OF AEROBIC RICE UNDER DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS
KAJODMAL GHASAL1, DR KALYAN PATHAK2 AND GAURI MOHAN3
Department of Agronomy, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
A field experiment was carried out during autumn season of 2016 at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural
University, Jorhat to study the performance of aerobic rice under different sources and levels of phosphorous.The treatment of the experiment
consisted of three phosphorus sources viz., S1: Single super phosphate (SSP), S2:Diammonium phosphate (DP) and S3:Rock phosphate (RP),
three doses of phosphorus viz., D1:10 kg P2O5 ha-1, D2:20kg P2O5 ha-1 and D3:30 kg P2O5 ha-1 and two biofertilizer treatments i.e., B1: without
biofertilizer and B2: Azospirillum + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB). One absolute control was included for comparison. The
experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (RBD). Recommended doses of N (40 kg ha-1) and K (20 kg ha-1) were applied
in all the treatments. Out of the three phosphorus sources, rock phosphate recorded the highest plant population, dry matter accumulation,
yield attributes and grain (2.61t ha-1) and straw (4.70 t ha-1) yield followed by single super phosphate. Among the doses, highest plant
population, dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and grain (2.7t ha -1) or straw (4.93 t ha-1) yield were recorded in 30kg P2O5 ha-1. In case
of bio-fertilizer, Azospirillum + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) recorded highest plant population, dry matter accumulation, yield
attributes or grain yield (2.61t ha-1) and straw yield (4.82 t ha-1).
Key words: Aerobic rice, Rock phosphate, Azospirillum, Phosphorus solubilising bacteria.
GNRSA-2020/1112
EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE LEVELS AND AGRO CHEMICALS ON YIELD AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF DIRECT
SEEDED RICE
VISHAL KUMAR1, R. K. SINGH2 AND SUDHANSHU VERMA3

Assistant Professor 1, Balwant Singh Institute of Agriculture Science & Technology, Bhairavtalab Campus, MGKVP, Varanasi
Professor2, Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Assistant Professor 3, Integral University, Lucknow
A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design during the kharif seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Agriculture Research Farm,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to effect of soil moisture levels and agro chemicals on
yield and water productivity of direct seeded rice viz. I1: 50 per cent depletion of available soil moisture (DASM), I2: 75 per cent DASM and
I3: 100 per cent DASM in main plot and agrochemical levels include C1: Control, C2: Seed treatment with Salicylic acid (100 ppm), C3:
Foliar spray of Salicylic acid (100 ppm) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage, C4: Foliar spray of KNO3 (1%) at maximum
tillering and panicle emergence stage- K and N adjusted, C5: Foliar spray of FeSO4 (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence
stage, C6: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage, C7: Foliar spray of FeSO4 (1%) and ZnSO4
(0.5%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage, C8: Foliar spray of multi-micronutrient complex (1%) at maximum tillering and
panicle emergence stage, C9: Seed treatment with Salicylic acid (100 ppm) and foliar spray of FeSO 4 (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle
emergence stage. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) for rice was 120, 60 and 60 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. Among
the soil moisture levels, 50 per cent DASM significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality, content and uptake in
grain and straw and water use efficiency parameters of rice over 75 per cent DASM and 100 per cent DASM, respectively. Among the
agrochemicals C8: Foliar spray of multi-micronutrient complex (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage was recorded
significantly maximum growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality, content and uptake in grain and straw and water use efficiency of
rice and it were at par with C7: Foliar spray of FeSO4 (1%) and ZnSO4 (0.5%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage during
both the years over the rest of treatments. On the basis of two years data,it may be recommended that irrigation after 50 per cent DASM in
wwww
conjunction with foliar spray of multi- micronutrient complex (1%) at maximum tillering and panicle emergence stage should be used for
Varanasi region of eastern UP with respect to water use efficiency andremuneration.
Key words: Depletion of available soil moisture, Agrochemicals, Growth, Yield.
GNRSA-2020/1113
SEED PRIMING IMPROVES BIOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN TOMATO PLANTS IMPOSED
WITH HEAT SHOCK DURING GERMINATION TIME
VIVEK KUMAR, AKASH HIDANGMAYUM, ANKITA SINGH, BANDANA BOSE AND PADMANABH DWIVEDI *
Tomato is a good source of heath promoting bioactive compounds like nutrients and antioxidants that help to combat deteriorating effects of
toxins and preventing us from many health issues. Adverse environment condition affects productivity and quality of tomato fruits. Heat
stress limits the physiological, biochemical and metabolic activities of plants which altering the synthesis of protein and fatty acid, and thus
cause interruption in the membrane integrity and cellular homeostasis of plant cells. Seed priming ensures minimum damage to such adverse
conditions by enhancing antioxidants and anti-oxidant enzymes defense system. In the present piece of work, two tomato genotypes VRT 06
and Panjab chhuara were primed with water (H2O), Mg(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, H3BO3 salts and combination of Mg(NO3)2+ H3BO3 and
Ca(NO3)2+ H3BO3 along with non-primed seeds, and grown in two conditions i.e., normal (control) and heat shocked condition imposed
during germination time. Important biochemical and antioxidants parameters were measured at different time intervals. Data analysis of
various parameters such as chlorophyll content, membrane stability index (MSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Catalase, MDA
content and proline content revealed that seed priming with combination of above-mentioned salts improved plant performance by
maintaining these traits. Further, from this analysis, it is clear that seed priming strengthens the antioxidant system under heat stress by
improving antioxidant enzymes and biochemical status of plants.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Anti-oxidant enzymes, Heat stress, Tomato, Seed priming
GNRSA-2020/1114
EFFECT OF TERMINAL HEAT STRESS ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF MUSTARD
JYOTI CHAUHAN1 AND BASANT KUMAR DADARWAL2

1
Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram, Bihar India 821305
2
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi U.P, India 221005
Investigation entitled “Physiological and biochemical responses associated with terminal heat stress tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica
juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) genotypes” was carried out during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 to investigate the effect of delay in sowing on yield
and yield attributes. Five genotypes of mustard viz. Pusa mustard 25 (V1), Pusa mustard 26 (V2), BPR-541-4 (V3), RH- 406 (V4) and Urvashi
(V5) were grown in field on October 30 (normal sown; S1), November 18 (late sown; S2) and November 30 (very late sown; S3) conditions
under recommended package of practices. Yield and yield attributes were analyzed at harvest. Total number of primary branches, secondary
branches plant-1 and number of siliqua plant-1 decreased significantly under very late sown condition. Total dry matter plant -1as well as ha-1
decreased significantly under very late (S3) sown condition while it was the maximum in plants sown on November 15 (S2) followed by
plants sown on October 30 (S1).Under very late (S3) sown condition the seed yield plant-1 as well as ha-1 was the maximum in BPR-541-4
followed by Pusa mustard-26, Pusa mustard-25,RH-406 and Urvashi; which indicated superiority of BPR-541-4 under very late sown
condition. Major reduction in seed yield under very late sown condition was due to reduction in number of branches plant -1, siliqua plant-1,
test weight as well as harvest index.
Key-words - Siliqua, Late Sown, Test weight, Harvest Index
GNRSA-2020/1115
CHITOSAN MICROPARTICLES AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS IN SOME PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
AKASH HIDANGMAYUM, VIVEK KUMAR, ANKITA SINGH AND PADMANABH DWIVEDI *

The aim of the present study was to prepare chitosan microparticles through ionotropic gelation and determine the antifungal effects of some
plant pathogenic fungi, namely Fusarium oxysporium, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Saracladium oryzae
and Rhizoctonia solani. The formation of chitosan microparticles was preliminary confirmed through scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The physico-chemical properties of the chitosan microparticles were determined by FTIR analysis and XRD pattern. The inhibitory
antifungal effect of chitosan microparticles was determined by broth microdilution technique under which above mentioned fungi were
treated with different concentrations of chitosan microparticles. Changes in hyphal morphology were observed through microscope in treated
wwww
fungi. Our results showed decrease in radial growth and spore production of all the treated fungi with chitosan microparticles. This shows that
chitosan microparticles can be used further under field condition to protect crops against various fungal pathogens.
Keywords: Antifungal, Broth micro dilution, Chitosan microparticle
GNRSA-2020/1116
A STUDY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WEANED KIDS OF SIROHI GOAT FED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
CONCENTRATES
HANUMAN LAL NEHRA

Department of Livestock Production Management, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner –
303329, Rajasthan, India
The present research work entitled “A Study on Growth Performance of Weaned Kids of Sirohi Goat Fed with Different Levels of
Concentrates” was carried out to study the effect of concentrate feeding on weight gain, body morphometric measurements and economic
benefit. Twenty-four kids of Sirohi breed between 3-4 months age were randomly selected on the basis of uniform body weight, age and
divided into 3 groups of 8 kids each at the goat farm of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner. Group T 1 served as control supplemented with
50 g concentrate per kid per day for 3 months. Group T2 (treatment) supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 g concentrate and T 3 (treatment) with
100, 150 and 200 g concentrate per head per day for 1st, 2nd and 3rd month, respectively. Other management practices were similar for each
group. Fodder of khejri loom was offered ad-libitum to all groups. Body weight of kids was recorded weekly and morphometric characters
viz., body length, height at withers, heart girth and paunch girth of kids was recorded fortnightly. Group T 3 fed with more quantity of
concentrate achieved the highest (85.77 g/day) average weekly weight gain followed by T2 (69.22 g/day) and control group T1 (61.33 g/day).
Maximum average total weight gain per kid was observed in group T 3 (7.72 kg) followed by T2 (6.23 kg) and least was found in T1 (5.52 kg).
The overall increase in body length was 6.44, 7.62 and 8.25 cm, heart girth was 6.39, 7.15 and 8.09 cm, height was 6.80, 7.07 and 7.89 cm
and paunch girth were 7.72, 8.20 and 9.05 cm in group T 1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. The body weight was found highly correlated with
heart girth (0.964) followed by paunch girth (0.936), height (0.872) and length (0.842). It is concluded from the results that there was
significant increase in weekly and monthly weight gain (P≤0.01) of kids supplemented with higher quantity of concentrate in diet. Higher
quantity of concentrate supplemented kids also shown maximum body lengths, heart girth and paunch girth. While height at wither had non-
significant effect over different treatments. Thus, from above findings it can be concluded that T2 and T3 treatments showed significantly
improved growth performance in Sirohi kids and higher level (T 3) was relatively the best level in terms of both biological and economical
returns.
Keywords: Sirohi goat kids, Concentrates, Growth performance
GNRSA-2020/1117
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION
HARI RAM JAT1 RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR RAVINSH KUMAR MAURYA

1
Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad- 211007 Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
Micronutrients are usually required in minute quantities, nevertheless are vital to the growth of plant. They are essentially as important as
macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in vegetable crops and partly met from the soil or chemical fertilizers or through other
sources. They play a catalytic role in nutrient absorption, balancing other nutrients, promoting organic reactions taking place in plants and are
helpful in improving the general conditions and development of plants. It is realized that productivity of crop is being adversely affected in
different areas due to deficiencies of micronutrients. Recently, it has increased markedly due to intensive cropping, loss of top soil by erosion,
loss of micronutrients by leaching, liming of soil and decreased availability and use of farm yard manure. Horticultural crops suffer widely by
zinc deficiency followed by Boron, Manganese, Copper, Iron and Molybdenum deficiencies. Zinc is an essential component of a number of
enzymes, i.e., dehydrogenase, aldolase, isomerases, proteinase, peptidase and phosphohydrolase. Boron helps in the absorption of water and
carbohydrate metabolism, translocation of carbohydrates in plants etc., and it also plays an important role in flowering and fruit formation.
Iron helps in the synthesis of enzymes and chlorophyll. Foliar application of micronutrients viz., ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate and borax,
brings profound changes in various metabolic processes within the plant system, thereby influencing growth and yield considerably. Among
the alternate methods of plant nutrient application, foliar spray of micronutrients is one of the possibilities for increasing productivity and
reducing environmental hazards besides, it is simple and does not need much infrastructure facilities. Their foliar spray helps in efficient
utilization of nutrients to plant directly through leaves within few days.
Keywords: Micronutrients, Vegetable, Foliar spray
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1118
NEED OF CARBON STABILIZATION FOR FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY
G.S. PRADHAN*, R.S. MEENA

1
Institute of Agricultural sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
The increase in global aerial carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) from 0.0278% before industrialization period to 0.0405% in 2018, which
causes to increase the global mean temperature by 10C. Different anthropogenic activities like faulty and unsustainability use of land,
conversion of natural ecosystem to agricultural eco-systems causes depletion of soil organic pool. It is estimated that about 133000 Tg
Carbon(C) was depletion due to different land use and degradation process. The changes of soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) have a strong
effect on the CO2 concentration in the biosphere. The best management practices can able to increase the soil C sink capacity, soil and
ecosystem C budgeting which leads to ensures food and nutritional security. The techniques like conservation agriculture, agroforestry,
biochar, and integration of crops with trees and livestock help in C stabilization of soil along with reduction atmospheric CO2. The 21st
session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, COP21), took initiative on ‘4 per 1000 Initiative: Soils
for Food Security and Climate’ was proposed under the Agenda. It means increases the SOCS by 0.4% annually. There is growing interest
among policymakers and the private sector regarding the importance of soil C sequestration for adaptation and mitigation of climate change,
harnessing of numerous co-benefits, and strengthening of ecosystem services.
Key words: carbon stock, food security, nutritional security, eco-system and soil sustainability
GNRSA-2020/1119
SUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN RICE ECOSYSTEM THROUGH LAND SCAPING
KAMAL RAVI SHARMA AND SVS RAJU

Department of Entomology and Agril. Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005
Insect pests continue to pose a major threat to achieving higher production of crops. Farmers mostly rely on pesticides in food crop
production systems to manage these crop pests and ensure maximum yield with high economic value. However, the accumulation of these
pesticide inputs in crop fields increases risks to biodiversity, soil microfauna and human health. Besides, people are increasingly seeking
foods in which pesticide residues are low or absent and that have been produced sustainably. Rice is the most important food crop in the
developing world and is the staple food over half the world's population and chemical pesticides to control pests is that the dominant
paradigm in rice production. In contrast, the utilization of natural enemies to suppress crop pests has the potential to minimize chemical
pesticide inputs in rice production systems. Currently, predators and parasitoids often do not persist in rice production and scapes due to the
absence of shelter or nutritional sources. The experiment found that, modified the existing rice landscape through an eco-engineering
technique that aims to increase natural biocontrol agents for crop protection. In this system, planting nectar-rich flowering plants on rice
bunds provides food and shelter to reinforce biocontrol agent activity and reduce pest population, while maintaining grain yield. The
abundance of predators and parasitoids and parasitism rates increased significantly within the eco-engineering plots compared to the
insecticide-treated and control plots. Moreover, a significantly lower number of principal insect pests and damage symptoms were found in
treatments where flowering plants were grown on bunds than in plots where such plants were not grown. It indicates that manipulating habitat
for natural enemies in rice landscapes enhances pest suppression and maintains equal yields while reducing the necessity for insecticide use in
crop fields.
Keywords: Rice, Ecological engineering, Insect Pest, Natural enemies.
GNRSA-2020/1120
NANO-FERTILIZERS: A NEWER APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND CROP PRODUCT IVITY
MOHIT YADAV1* AND KAUSHAL YADAV2

1
Department of Agronomy, CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
2
Department of Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra
Nano fertilizers are the important tools in agriculture to improve crop growth, yield and quality parameters with increase nutrient use
efficiency, reduce wastage of fertilizers and cost of cultivation. Nano-fertilizers are very effective for precise nutrient management in
precision agriculture with matching the crop growth stage for nutrient and may provide nutrient throughout thecrop growth period. Nano-
fertilizers increase crop growth up to optimum concentrations further increase in concentration may inhibit the crop growth due to the toxicity
of nutrient. Nano-fertilizers provide more surface area for different metabolic reactions in the plant which increase rate of photosynthesis and
produce more dry matter and yield of the crop. It is also prevent plant from different biotic and abiotic stress. Because of the limitation in
arable lands and water resources, the development of agriculture sector is only possible by increasing of resources use efficiency with the
minimum damage to production bed through effective use of modern technologies. Among these, nanotechnology has the potential to
wwww
revolutionize the agricultural systems, biomedicine, environmental engineering, safety and security, water resources, energy conversion, and
numerous other areas. Nanostructured formulation through mechanisms such as targeted delivery or slow/controlled release mechanisms and
conditional release, could release their active ingredients in responding to environmental triggers and biological demands more precisely.
Studies show that the use of nano-fertilizers causes an increase in nutrients use efficiency, reduces soil toxicity, minimizes the potential
negative effects associated with over dosage and reduces the frequency of the application. Hence, nanotechnology has a high potential for
achieving sustainable agriculture, especially in developing countries.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanoporous zeolites, Nutrients use efficiency, Smart fertilize.
GNRSA-2020/1121
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED APPROACH AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
KIRAN DOODHAWAL BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL1RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR1

Department of soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry
1Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, INDIA
“Sustainable Development is a Meeting the needs & aspirations of present generation without compromising the ability of future generation
to meet their needs”. Sustainable development must deal with threat of poverty population growth & environmental degradation. Sustainable
Development & Water Resources Management is the Development & management of water, land, biomass & energy within a time frame to
meet with minimum needs of the ultimate size of population, without irreversibly affecting the resource base and while containing adverse
effect on people, flora and fauna. Economic development decisions by the present generation without compromising capacity of future
generations to take decisions according to their perceptions for themselves and for their future generations. Sustainable watershed
management is a approach of taking water resources management practices in a holistic fashion management practices in a holistic fashion –
taking into account of the usage behaviour of various sectors and their effects on land & water use that include political, economic, social
technological & environmental considerations.
Keywords: watershed, Sustainable, development. Economic.
GNRSA-2020/1122
GREEN MANURING FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION
TEJBAL SINGH1, PRIYANSHU SINGH2, RISHABH KUMAR SINGH3
1
Research Scholar in Dept. of Agronomy, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi- 221005
2
Research Scholar in Dept. of Horticulture, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi- 221005
3
Research Scholar in Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, CSUA&T, Kanpur- 208002
After the advent of mineral fertilizers and high yielding varieties in decades of 1910 and 1960 s respectively, drastic changes in agricultural
practices occurred. It leads to more reliance on synthetic fertilizers concurrently addition of organic manures was avoided. Furthermore,
farmers desire to produce more and more product and income enforced them to use agrochemicals in indiscriminate and irrational manner
resulted into multi secondary and micronutrient deficiencies as well as environmental pollution and unsustainability in agriculture. Soil
fertility management at an adequate level is one of the most important aspects in sustainable crop production. This objective can be achieved
by adopting appropriate soil and crop management practices. Green manuring is an important strategy to maintain as well as enhance soil
fertility for sustainable crop production. In situ and ex situ green manuring are the two types of green manuring that are the game changer for
sustainable agriculture crop production as well as maintaining the high degree of environmental quality.
GNRSA-2020/1123
PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES IN INDIA: STRETEGIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
PRIYANSHU SINGH1*, TEJBAL SINGH2, ARCHIT SINGH1

1
Research scholar in Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005
2
Research scholar in Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005
Protected cultivation of vegetables offers distinct advantages of quality, productivity and favourable market price to the growers. Vegetable
growers can substantially increase their income by protected cultivation of vegetables in offseason as the vegetables produced during their
normal season generally do not fetch good returns due to large availability of these vegetable in the markets. Offseason cultivation of
cucurbits under low plastic tunnels is one of the most profitable technologies under northern plains of India. Walk-in tunnels are also suitable
and effective to raise off-season nursery and off-season vegetable cultivation due to their low initial cost. Insect proof net houses can be used
for virus-free cultivation of tomato, chilly, sweet pepper and other vegetables mainly during the rainy season. These low-cost structures are
also suitable for growing pesticide-free green vegetables. Low-cost greenhouses can be used for high quality vegetable cultivation for long
wwww
duration (6-10 months) mainly in peri-urban areas of the country to fetch commensurate price of produces. Poly-trenches have proved
extremely useful for growing vegetables under cold desert conditions in upper reaches of Himalayas in the country.
GNRSA-2020/1124
NANOTECH DRIVEN NEXT AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
SANJIB BAL SAMANT

Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005.
With the forecast of current population of 7.6 billion increasing to 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100, the current
global food system requires a new agricultural revolution based on sustainable intensification and driven by sustainability and system
innovation. For this purpose nanotechnology can come in handy in many ways starting from enhanced nutrient delivery, precise targeting the
plant protection products to remediation and sustainable resource use. This arena is immensely benefitted by the recent advancements in
material technology. A wide variety of nano-fertilizers including nanoparticles are currently under investigation for their effect on various
crops. Its key benefits include minimized nutrient loss, synchronized release of fertilizer with uptake by plant, increased fertilizer efficiency
and uptake ratio of the soil nutrient in crop yield and reduced negative externalities like soil and water pollution. Achieving food security
sustainably by use of nano fertilizers to enhance NUE could be key to opening the way to the next agricultural revolution.
Key Words- Nano fertilizers, Nanoparticles, NUE, Sustainable agriculture.
GNRSA-2020/1125
MANAGEMENT OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES WASTE
DIKSHA MISHRA*, PRATEEK SINGH, MANISH KUMAR SINGH AND ROHIT KUMAR SINGH
Department of Horticulture, I.Ag.Sc, BHU, Varanasi
India is one of the largest agriculture-based country, which cultivates large amount of fruits and vegetables. Out of this, 30% of the fruits and
vegetables grown in India get wasted annually due to lack of adequate cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport. Apart from these, the
processing operations of fruits and vegetables also produce significant wastes or by-products that can be managed differently. These wastes is
composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids,
polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils, among others. By Bioprocessing, in an improved way, this vegetable waste materials
can be utilized to produce the economical or commercial viable products i.e. biofuel, biogas & manure and also with other applications as
effective solution of waste management without damage to environment. The phytochemicals can be utilized in different industries including
the food industry, for the development of functional or enriched foods, the health industry for medicines and pharmaceuticals, and the textile
industry, among others. With the rapid progress in establishment of agro-processing industries in our country on account of liberal
government policies, the importance of waste management has become an essential and integral part of plant design as the inappropriate
disposal of wastage has already caused great loss to environment and public health.
Key words: Agro-processing industries, Waste management, Phytochemicals, Bioprocessing.
GNRSA-2020/1126
PREDICTION OF HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY TO IDENTIFY SUPERIOR TOMATO HYBRIDS THROUGH
LINE × TESTER DESIGN
SAURABH SINGH1 AND ANAND KUMAR SINGH2

1
Research Scholar,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,
2
Professor, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
The present investigation aimed to estimate the general and specific combining ability variances, effects, heterosis and inbreeding depression
for nineteen quantitative characters in tomato. F1’s were obtained by crossing the 10 lines and five testers in a “Line x Tester” mating design
and the F1’s were raised along with one check Pant T-3 (promising variety in Uttar Pradesh) in randomized block design with three
replication in subsequent seasons. High GCV % and PCV % were observed for the pericarp thickness followed by fruit yield per hectare,
average fruit weight, plant height, seed yield and fruit length highlighting higher value of variability for these attributes. High heritability in
broad sense was observed for the characters like pericarp thickness, average fruit weight, plant height, fruit yield per hectare, number of
fruits per cluster, fruit length etc. indicating that these traits are controlled by additive gene action which could be considered for selection in
crop improvement breeding program. The ANOVA for combining ability for nineteen traits revealed that the mean sum of squares for crosses
were significant for all the studied traits. Based on desirable GCA effects, lines ToLcv-28, Pant T-5, Kashi Hemant and Kashi Amrit emerged
out as good general combiner while, tester, H-86 for fruit yield per hectare. High GCA for fruit yield per hectare was associated with high
fruit length, fruit width, days to 50 % flowering and plant height. Based on desirable SCA effects for fruit yield per hectare, Pant T-5 ×
wwww
Selection-7, Pant T-5 × Punjab Barkha, Prestige × ToLcv-16, L-97/754 × Selection-7 and Roma × ToLcv-16 were marked as most promising
crosses and recommended for further exploitation in the breeding program. The ratio of specific combining ability and general combining
ability variance (σ2SCA:σ2GCA) was greater than unity, specifying non-additive genetic control for all studied traits. Crosses viz. Pant T-5 ×
Punjab Barkha, ToLcv-28 × EC- 620446, Kashi Amrit × EC- 620446 and PBB-2 × EC- 620446 manifested best heterotic combination for
total fruit yield per hectare and could be recommended for further evaluation in commercial breeding program. The above findings gesture
towards the use of heterosis breeding as the key method for exploiting the available genetic variability in the pool of material studied.
Keywords: General Combining Ability Variance Hybrid, Line X Tester, Tomato, Specific Combining Ability, Yield
GNRSA-2020/1127
EFFECT OF MULCHING AND INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF
KHARIF MAIZE UNDER DRYLAND CONDITION
SUDHANSHU VERMA*, S. K. VERMA AND J. P. SINGH

Department of Agronomy,Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to effect of mulching and integrated nutrient management practice
on yield and quality of Kharif maize under dryland condition viz. M1:control (no mulch), M2:dust mulch and M3:rice straw mulch and
integrated nutrient management include S1:100% RDF, S2:75% RDF + 25 % N through poultry manure, S3: 100% RDF + 25 % N through
poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25 % N through FYM and S5: 100% RDF + 25 % N through FYM on growth, yield and economics of kharif
maize (Zea maize L.). The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) for rice was 150, 60 and 60 kg ha -1 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively.
Various growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality, content and uptake in grain and stover, water use and energy parameter of maize
showed significant variation during both the experimental years under different mulching and integrated nutrient management practices.
Among the mulching treatments, dust mulch significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality, content and uptake in
grain and stover, water use and energy parameter of maize over control (no mulch) and it were at par with the rice straw mulch, respectively.
Among integrated nutrient management, S3: 100% RDF + 25 % N through poultry manure was recorded significantly maximum growth
parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality, content and uptake in grain and stover, water use and energy parameter of kharif maize and it were
at par with S5: 100% RDF + 25 % N through FYM and it statistically superior over S2:75% RDF + 25 % N through poultry manure, S4: 75%
RDF + 25 % N through FYM and 100% RDF.Maximum net returns and B: C ratio was recorded under rice straw mulch as compared to dust
mulch and control (no mulch).Whereas, maximum gross returns was recorded under dust mulch during both the years.
Among integrated nutrient management practices, 100% RDF + 25 % N through poultry manure was recorded maximum gross returns, net
returns and B: C ratio followed by 100% RDF + 25 % N through FYM, 75% RDF + 25 % N through poultry manure, 75% RDF + 25 % N
through FYM and 100% RDF, respectively during both the years.Dust mulch along with the application of 100% RDF + 25 % N through
poultry manure was recorded significantly the highest dry matter accumulation, cob length, grains cob -1, grain yield, stover yield and
biological yield as compared to the other treatment combinations, during both the years. On the basis of two years finding, it is recommended
that rice straw mulch @ 7 t ha-1and application of 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure is effective for higher yield and profit in
Kharif maize under dryland condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Key words: Growth, Economics, Integrated nutrient management, Mulching, Yield.
GNRSA-2020/1128
MECHANISM OF SALINITY STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS – ROLE OF ION COMPARTMENTALIZATION
JYOTSNA SETTY BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL

Department of Plant Physiology, Institute Of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U, Varanasi-221005.
Corresponding Author - Jyotsna Setty, settyjyotsna@gmail.com
Worldwide, more than 45 million hectares of irrigated land have been damaged by salt and 1.5 million hectares are taken out of production
each year as a result of high salinity levels in the soil. High salinity affects plants in several ways: water stress, ion toxicity, nutritional
disorders, oxidative stress, and alteration of metabolic processes, membrane disorganization, reduction of cell division and expansion and
genotoxicity. Together, these effects reduce plant growth, development and survival. During the onset and development of salt stress within a
plant, all the major processes such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism are affected. Plants develop various
physiological and biochemical mechanisms in order to survive in soils with high salt concentration. Principal mechanisms include ion
homeostasis and compartmentalization, ion transport and uptake, biosynthesis of osmoprotectants and compatible solutes, activation of
antioxidant enzymes, synthesis of antioxidant compounds and polyamines, generation of nitric oxide (NO) and hormone modulation.
Maintaining ion homeostasis by ion uptake and compartmentalization is crucial for normal plant growth and an essential process for growth
during salt stress. The excess salt is either transported to the vacuole or sequestered in older tissues which eventually are sacrificed, thereby
protecting the plant from salinity stress. The Na +ion is transported to the vacuole via Na+/H+antiporter. Two types of H+pumps are present in
wwww
the vacuolar membrane: vacuolar type H+-ATPase and the vacuolar pyrophosphatase. The transport is facilitated by different carrier proteins,
channel proteins, antiporters and symporters thus maintaining cellular Na+/K+homeostasis. Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) stress signalling
pathway plays a crucial role in ion homeostasis and salt tolerance by regulating Na +efflux at cellular level. A large number of genes and
transcription factors are up regulated in response to salinity in different plant species, which serve diverse functions and mainly classified into
the following functional categories: ion transport or homeostasis (e.g., SOS genes, AtNHX1, and H+-ATPase), senescence-associated genes
(e.g., SAG), molecular chaperones (e.g., HSP genes), and dehydration related transcription factors (e.g., DREB). SOS gene family (ion
homeostasis). All these mechanisms help in the survival of plants during salinity stress.
Keywords: Compartmentalization, Salt, Salt stress, Homeostasis
GNRSA-2020/1129
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SPACING ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEA (PISUMSATIVUM) VARIETIES
BHARAT TIWARI*, YOGESH RAJBHAR AND ANIL KUMAR

Department of Horticulture, SVBPUAT, Meerut, UP
Department of Agriculture, Glocal University, Saharanpur
The present investigation “Effect of different spacing on the growth and yield of Pea (Pisumsativum) varietiesˮ. The experiment was laid out
in RBD (factorial) with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments comprised 3 levels of spacing (15×15, 20×20, and 25×25 cm)
and three Pea varieties viz; AP1, AP3, Vasundhara. Results indicate that S3 (25×25 cm) with the combination of variety Vasundhara gave
significantly maximum germination percentage (98.086), plant height (62.50cm), No. of leaves (75.43), No. of pods/plant (9.96), Pod length
(8 cm), Test weight (520.056), and Total green pea yield (70.06q/ha) obtained as a sole crop.
Keywords: Spacing, Pea, Varieties
GNRSA-2020/1130
A CASE STUDY ON BIO FORTIFIED PADDY PRODUCTION UNDERTAKEN BY FPO FOR INCOME GENERATION OF
FARMERS DURING LOCKDOWN
SHWATI PARDHI1, GAUTAM ROY2 AND REKHA SINGH3

1SMS (Plant Pathology), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
2Senior Scientist & Head, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
3SMS (Home Science), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Farmers Producers Organization (FPO) is useful for small and marginal farmers in Chhattisgarh State have been vulnerable to risks in
agricultural production like paddy, pulses vegetables etc. Several organizational are emerging to integrate them into the value chain with the
objectives of enhancing incomes and reduction in transaction costs. One such alternative is Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs). Farmers
Producers Organizations (FPOs) is a very useful organization to develop self employment and self confidence among the farmers at very
large scale. A farmer produces FPOs for the farmers, by the farmers and with skilled farmers through development of successful
entrepreneurship. The gaps between demand and supply are primarily due to ineffective market links and lack of consolidation on both the
demand-side and supply-side. On the supply side, the government has agenda to promote modern cultivation practices, lower input costs and
most importantly to counter fragmentation of farm lands by promoting FPOs for collaborative farming. FPOs are commercial enterprises
formed by partnering a minimum of 1000 farmers. The present investigation of this study showed that the Parmaparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
(PKVY) year 2019-20 studied on FPOs development among the farmers of Block- Arang of District Raipur. There are two clusters with
namely Village Nisda and Kukra of Block- Arang by selecting with two LRPs. The FPOs mainly works on Organic Farming Producers with
10 boards of members. The PKVY programme will be for three years programme. There are 16 farmers actively participated in year 2019-20
respectively.
GNRSA-2020/1131
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: A TOOL FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
*DAVINDER SINGH1, SURENDER SINGH DHANKHAR1, KARAMVIR KAUR2

1
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
2
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
*davinderr184@gmail.com
Developing crops that are better adapted to most of the environmental stresses is important for food production in many parts of the world
today. Climatic changes and its varialibity, specifically extreme temperatures and variation in amount of rainfall, are expected to make crop
wwww
improvement even more crucial for food production. The basic key for the stated purpose is various biotechnological approaches and their
integration with conventional breeding to develop crops that are more tolerant to environmental stresses. One or two genes can be
incorporated into the cultivars of certain crops to enhance the yield traits and reduce susceptibility to environmental stresses. The first
genetically modified food product was tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) which was transformed to improve the shelf life of tomato fruit.
Agriculture biotechnology focuses on reducing the dependence of farmers on agrochemicals. Seventy-seven percent of the transgenic crops
were developed for herbicide tolerance in soybean, corn, and cotton, 15% were Bt crops for insect resistance, and 8% were developed with
genes for both insect resistance and herbicide tolerance in cotton and corn. A gene from a species of Arabidopsis, At-DBF2 was incorporated
into tomato and tobacco cells to withstand environmental stresses like salt, drought, cold and heat. Modern biotechnology is being used to
develop the required vaccines. Banana trees and tomato plants have been genetically engineered to produce vaccines. A purple tomato has
been developed that contains a cancer-fighting compound and have high levels of antioxidants. So, to develop better crops that have high
yield, more shelf life, withstand environmental stresses and have high nutritional value is the significant aspect of biotechnology. Crops
developed with biotechnology must have a significant role in the world's future.
Keywords: Agrochemicals, biotechnology, crops, environmental stresses, shelf-life
GNRSA-2020/1132
DIAZOTROPHICBACTERIA AND MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION ENHANCE RICE GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
TRAITS OF RICE UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS
EKTANARWALA, K ANNAPURNAA, JAIRAM CHOUDHARYB

a
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institue, New Delhi-110012 India
b
ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research Modipuram (U.P.)-250110 India
Corresponding author email. enarwal@gmail.com
The abundance of soil microorganisms and enzymes and their activities have been displayed to be improved on AMF colonization and
thereby enhancing N and P uptake and ultimately growth and development of plants. PGPR have a potential role in the development of self-
sustaining rice production systems through colonization of rice rhizospheres and increasing rice growthespecially under aerobic conditions.
The present study was framed to investigate the effect of synergistic interaction between selected bacterial strain and mycorrhiza on plant
growth, nutrient acquisition and enzymatic activities of rice varieties PB 1509 and Satyabhama under aerobic conditions. Plant growth varied
between the treatments with single inoculants, both inoculants, RDF and control. A significant increase in both the varieties over control in
plant height, tiller number and their dry weight, was recorded with all the treatments. Co-inoculation with strain Pseudomonas protegensEkn
03 and AMF had a significantly higher plant height, tiller number and dry weights in both the rice varieties. Changes in chlorophyll contents
of a, b and total chlorophyll were also observed, being higher in rice plants co-inoculated with strain Ekn 03 and AMF. The inoculated
bacteria may have contributed to improve root growth, because of to their ability to produce plant growth regulators and phyto-hormones like
indole-3-acetic acid, which is involved in root initiation and cell division.
GNRSA-2020/1133
BLACK RICE: A NEW SUPER FOOD
GAURAV SHUKLA1*, SAUHARD DUBEY1, DHARMENDRA KUMAR SINGH1 AND ANKIT SINGH
1* Ph.D. Scholar Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut 250110,
2
Ph.D.ScholarDepartment of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Pusa, Samastipur Bihar- 848125
Black rice is also called Forbidden rice is Emperor's rice. It belongs to the genus Oryza. Due to containing its high level of antioxidants and
advanced nutritional value, it is also named as the new super food. It is a medium grain, non glutinous heirloom, dark purplish- black color
and slightly sweet flavors in taste. It is named Emperor's rice or Forbidden rice because it was once reserved for Chinese emperor to ensure
his good health and long life. Now a day, black rice is picking up in popularity due to its high nutritional value. In India, black rice is
cultivated in only few areas especially in North East India as in Manipur, Assam state etc. and some parts of other states such as Orissa,
Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. In U.P. some parts of Saharanpur, Gorakhpur, Chandauli and Prayagraj districts etc. Black rice is rich in
antioxidants and high nutritional contents of carbohydrate, fiber, vitamins and minerals. It is beneficial for curing several harmful diseases
such as cancer, diabetes, dermatitis and asthma etc. So it is not just a food but it is a new super food. Black rice production and its
consumption can boost up both economic status as well as the health concern status for any developing country. Thus, black rice is a new
series of rice varieties showing the good result and wish for superior nutritional quality food in future and the higher cultivation value as per
the present scenario bring a new change in the cultivation of rice in India and around the world.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1134
CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE WITH ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY
UNDER RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
GAURAV SHUKLA1*, SAUHARD DUBEY1, DHARMENDRA KUMAR SINGH1 AND ANKIT SINGH2
1* Ph.D. Scholar Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut 250110
2Ph.D.ScholarDepartment of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Pusa, Samastipur Bihar- 848125
Rice-wheat cropping system is India’s most widely adopted cropping system practiced on an estimated area of around 12.3 M ha. This system
is prevalent in Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) and is predominant in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh etc.;
Resource conservation technologies (laser land levelling, bed planting, zero tillage, system of rice intensification i.e. SRI, aerobic rice, direct
seeded rice, mulching, residue management etc.) developed and evaluated that have potential role in improving crop water productivity in
rice-wheat cropping systems in Indian context. Conservation agriculture is a sustainable agriculture production system comprising a set of
farming practices adapted to the requirements of crops and local conditions of each region, whose farming and soil management techniques
protect the soil from erosion and degradation, improve its quality and biodiversity, and contribute to the preservation of the natural resources,
water and air, while optimizing yields. Soils treated only with synthetic chemical fertilizers lose organic matter and the living organisms
which helps to build a quality soil, in conventional agriculture, therefore, naturally occurring organic fertilizers like- green manures, compost,
vermin-compost, press mud, slurry, peat, seaweed, humic acid, guano, sewage sludge, blood meal, bone meal and bio-fertilizers etc. in the
conservation agriculture. Conventionally grown rice and wheat are highly money, water and energy intensive because of high costs of
chemically synthesized fertilizers, tillage practices and labour, so far there is need of conservation practices in the cultivation and production
of rice and wheat in order to conserve the soil health, water, money and labour. Adoption of Conservation Agriculture along with organic and
inorganic fertilizer has a great potential to increase the crop yield and water productivity in rice-wheat systems. Among different water saving
RCT’s such as aerobic rice, system of rice intensification, direct seeded rice, zero tillage, mulching and bed planting techniques etc. could
save the water up to 50% and improve the water use efficiency. The crop residue retention on the surface with zero tillage is beneficial for the
sustainability and productivity of the RWCS in IGP of India. The integrated nutrient management practices such as use of organic manures,
bio-fertilizers, in combination with chemical fertilizers enhancing crop yield, water productivity and input use efficiency in rice-wheat
cropping systems under field conditions while reducing the production and deleterious impacts on environmental.
GNRSA-2020/1135
IMPACT OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN INDIA
GAURAV SHUKLA1*, SAUHARD DUBEY1, DHARMENDRA KUMAR SINGH1, ASHISH NATH AND ANKIT SINGH2
1* Ph.D. Scholar Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut 250110
2
Ph.D.ScholarDepartment of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Pusa, Samastipur Bihar- 848125
Crop diversification is considered as one of the important components of growth and development of agricultural sector in India. Crop
diversification towards high value or commercial crops such as vegetables, potato, sugarcane, horticultural crops and cultivation of fiber-
crops potentially rewards the farmers with high income. Total food grain production in the country is estimated at 291.1million tones which is
higher by 19.20 million tonnes than the previous five years. Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of
energy and/or nutrients. Malnutrition affects people in every country. Around 1.9 billion adults worldwide are overweight, while 462 million
are underweight. An estimated 41 million children under the age of 5 years are overweight or obese, while some 159 million are stunted and
50 million are wasted. Adding to this burden are the 528 million or 29% of women of reproductive age around the world affected by anaemia,
for which approximately half would be amenable to iron supplementation. About 14.5% of the population is undernourished in India. The
direct link between crop diversification and its implications on food and nutrition security is difficult to establish, however the existence of
some indirect channels may infer the potential food security implications of crop diversification. Under these conditions available options
will be crop intensification and diversification through the use of modern technologies, especially seeds, fertilizer, irrigation, mechanization
of agricultural production, post-harvest processing, storage, marketing and development of new technologies by research. Food security is a
situation when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and
food preference for an active and healthy life therefore, for enhancing productivity and profitability inclusion of pulses, oilseeds and
vegetables crops under existing cropping system. To adopt horizontal diversification where land is not limiting factor and vertical where land
is limiting factor. Inclusion of fortified crop and varieties where substitute is not possible. In order to attain desired level of crop
diversification, accelerate technological advancement in agriculture.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1136
STATUS OF CROP RESIDUE IN INDIA, ITS MANAGEMENT AND IMPACT ON AGRO-ECOSYSTEM
ASHISHNATH1, SHIVA MOHAN2

1. Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology
2. Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology Author for correspondence:
E-mail: anp12793@gmail.com
India is an agrarian economy, a wide range of crops are cultivated in its different agro-ecological regions and generates a huge quantity of
agricultural wastes (on-farm and off-farm).The residues of paddy, wheat, maize, millets, cotton, sugarcane, jute, ground nut and rapeseed-
mustard are typically burnt on-farm across the different states of the country. It is estimated that around 500-550 million tonnes of crop
residues are generated on-farm and off-farm annually in India. In relation to soil health, the burning of crop residues are harmful, moreover
loss of soil organic carbon, in each ton of rice straw burnt, nitrogen (5.5 kg), phosphorus (2.3kg), potassium (25 kg) and sulphur (1.2 kg) are
potentially lost. The significant improvement in different soil physicochemical and biological properties in the soil and increase in the grain
yields of rice and wheat crop in the system were found under incorporation of crop residue alone or in combination with green manuring over
removal or burning of crop residue practices.Rice residue retention enhanced the wheat grain yield 21.3% under zero N, 8.3% with 150 N
(whole basal) and 5.4% under 150 N (three split) applications and application of straw (5 t ha -1) + green manure (5 t ha-1) recorded the highest
yield of wheat followed by the straw (5 t ha -1) + 25% N of recommended dose > straw (5 t ha -1) + microbial culture > straw incorporation (5 t
ha-1) > straw burn (5 t ha-1) > control.Thus, it can be concluded that adoption of residue incorporation alone or with green manuring have a
great potential to increase the crop yield and improve soil health in rice-wheat systems.
Keywords:Crop Residue, Status, Managementand Agro-ecosystem.
GNRSA-2020/1137
ROLE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT CROP
ASHISH NATH1, ANKIT SINGH2
2.Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Pusa, Samastipur Bihar- 848125
Wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) is an important staple food crop, which belongs to the family ‘Poaceae’. Wheat is cultivated in 122 countries and
occupies an area of 217 million ha produced 764.90 million tonnes globally during 2019-20 It is the most important Rabi cereal crop of
India, cultivated on an area of 31.45 million hectares and 107.59 million tonnes of total production with an average 3421 kg ha -1. Wheat
lodging reduces harvestability and quality by disrupting the supply and intake of water to the developing kernels. Lodging-induced reduction
of grain yield is reported to range from 7% to 61%. A good way to improve yield potential is to optimize dry matter partitioning to the
developing spike and grain in order to increase spike fertility and harvest index while maintain lodging resistance. At the same time,
improving lodging resistance is an essential strategy for increasing the yield. This can be done via either breeding and selection or the use of
PGRs. The negative effect of water deficit was partly alleviated by application of growth regulators. However, the effect of individual growth
regulators varied depending on year. In favourable conditions for grain filling the alleviating effect was more pronounced in application of
azoxystrobin which slows down the leaf senescence. On the contrary, in the year with suitable conditions for tillering, the alleviating effect
was most apparent in application of chlormequate-chloride. The applications of trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon showed small reduction of
negative effect of water deficit consistently in both years. The CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were recovered particularly by
applications of chlormequate-chloride and azoxystrobin. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were more affected by
water deficit and the alleviating effect of growth regulators corresponded with yield response. Various filed experiments were conducted
toinvestigate the effect of concentrations and formulations of three PGR salts (ortho-nitrophenolate, para-nitrophenolate andSodium-5-
Nitroguaiacolate). Various compositions of PGRs were applied as foliar application during different stages of plantgrowth. Control
measurements were also carried out simultaneously using water only. A significant increase in plant height,stem growth, leaf development,
chlorophyll contents and other biochemical contents of plant has been observed by the use ofPGR. The results indicate that the PGR
concentrations of 100 ppm and 150 ppm were found to give the best results. From thecurrent study, it was suggested that dose concentration
ranging from100ppm to 150ppm has momentous potential on plantgrowth and yield of wheat crop. Also it enhances the nutritional value of
crop and reduces the economic cost of former.
Keywords: Wheat, PGRs, Yield of Crop
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1138
IMPORTANCE OF BIO-DECOMPOSER IN MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUE IN RICE WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
ASHISHNATH1 , ANKIT SINGH2

Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology
2. Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Pusa, Samastipur Bihar- 848125
:E-mail: anp12793@gmail.com
Crop residues, in general are parts of the plants left in the field after crops have been harvested and threshed. These materials at times have
been regarded as waste materials that require disposal, but it has become increasingly realized that they are important natural resources and
not wastes. The recycling of crop residues has the advantage of converting the surplus farm waste into useful product for meeting nutrient
requirement of crops. It also maintains the soil physical and chemical condition and improves the overall ecological balance of the crop
-1
production system. In rice-wheat cropping system, the residues of rice and wheat amount to as much as 7-10 t ha each year. Both rice and
wheat are exhaustive feeders of nutrients, and the double cropping system is heavily depleting the soil of its nutrient content. A rice-wheat
-1 -1 -1
sequence that yields 7 t ha of rice and 4 t ha of wheat remove more than N 300, P 30 and K 300 kg ha from the soil. Bio-decomposer
developed by National Centre of organic farming or IARI has developed a waste decomposer culture being used for quick decomposition of
organic waste, soil health improvement and plant protection agent. It is a consortium of micro-organism extracted from desi cow dung. Pusa
decomposer is a compost culture which contains phylum lignocellulolytic fungi. Composting of agricultural residues through the action of
lignocellulolytic microorganisms is easier to manage and it recycles the lignocellulosic waste with high economic efficiency. The recycled
material when applied to soil, improves soil fertility and health.
Keywords: Rice residue, management, bio-decomposer
GNRSA-2020/1139
EFFECT OF INM AND MAJOR NUTRIENTS ON SUSTAINABLE SOIL HEALTH
ASHISHNATH1 , MADHU DEVI2

2. Department of SSAC, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology Author for correspondence:
E-mail: anp12793@gmail.com
Integrated nutrient management system gained importance not only in increased yield of crops but also in maintaining soil health and fertility.
Integrated nutrient management is a practice where all sources of nutrients namely organic, inorganic (chemical fertilizer),bio-fertilizer can
be combined and applied to soils so that crop growth is enhanced and we can get good yield with quality product. Soil quality refers to its
intrinsic attributes that governs biomass productivity and environment moderating capacity. Three component of soil quality (e.g. physical,
chemical, biological) are determined by inherent soil characteristics, some of which can be altered by management. Maintenance and
management of soil fertility is the core for development of sustainable food production system. Addition of NPK fertilizers along with
organic manure, lime, and bio-fertilizers increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content, aggregate stability, moisture-retention capacity, and
infiltration rate of the soil while reducing bulk density. The integrated use of organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizers improved the soil status of
available N and P. It is concluded that balanced fertilization alone or in combination with FYM is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and
crop productivity.
Keywords:INM,Major Nutrients,Soil health
GNRSA-2020/1140
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATIONS AND TREATMENT DURATIONS OF COLCHICINE ON CHROMOSOME DOUBLING IN
MARIGOLD SPECIES UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS
KANWAR PAL SINGH*, MANISHA JINDAL AND PAVNESH KUMAR VERMA

Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
*Corresponding author (E mail Id: kanwariari@gmail.com)
The haploid shoots of marigold species (TageteserectaL.and Tagetes patulaL. ) obtained from anther derived regenerants after screening
through chromosome and chloroplast counting studies, were multiplied in vitro and subjected for doubling of chromosomes giving colchicine
treatment to induce doubled haploids. For this purpose, MS medium was prepared in conical flasks and autoclaved. After autoclaving, MS
medium was shifted to Laminar Air Flow Chamber where colchicine (0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008. 0.010 and 0.012 %) was added to warm
autoclaved MS medium separately using syringe filter. Ms medium containing colchicine was poured in jam bottles and put at cleaned place
for solidification. The haploid shoots were transferred to solidified MS medium containing various concentrations of colchicine and remained
wwww
on it for 16, 24, 32 and 40 hrs for colchicine treatment and chromosome doubling. After colchicine treatment, these shoots were subjected for
ploidy analysis to confirm ploidy level of induced doubled haploids through chromosome and chloroplast counting adopting the
methodologies mentioned above as used for isolation of haploids. The chromosome doubling experiment revealed that colchicine treatment
given to haploid shoots of Tagetes erecta L.and Tagetes patula L.at 0.01 % and 0.006 %, respectively for 32 hrs exhibited best results with
regards to chromosome doubling resulting in 83.73 % and 98.32 % frequency of chromosome doubling in haploidshoots of Tagetes erecta
L.and Tagetes patula L.species, respectively.
GNRSA-2020/1141
RATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE FARMERS REGARDING DIGITAL AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (DCTs)
UTILIZATION

*Corresponding author e-mail: ajitkharge@gmail.com
The present study was carried out to analyze the relationship between profile characteristics of farmers and overall utilization of digital
communication technologies (DCT) tools. For the study Parbhani district were randomly selected from Marathwada region of Maharashtra
State. Three talukas viz., Parbhani, Gangakhed and Purna from Parbhani district were selected randomly and three villages from each talukas
were selected randomly. From each village fifteen respondents were selected randomly. That respondent who are using smart phone with
internet facilities is available and engaged in agricultural operations. The constituting total sample size is 135. The Ex-post-facto research
design was used for the study. A well structured questionnaire designed for study was used for collecting the data from respondents through
personal interview method. The data collections from the respondents were edited tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical tools like
frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearsons coefficient of correlation. The study was noticed that relationship between
profile characteristics of farmers and overall utilization of digital communication technologies (DCT) tools. It was stated that all respondents
were having medium level relationship with independent variables except land holding, annual income and scientific orientation shows non-
significant relationship with overall utilization of DCT tools by the farmers.
Key word: Correlation, DCT tools, Relationship, Utilization, Profile of farmers
GNRSA-2020/1142
UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (DCTs) IN AGRICULTURE BY THE FARMERS

The present study explored utilization of farmers towards Digital and Communication Technologies (DCTs) in agriculture. For the study
Parbhani district were randomly selected from Marathwada region of Maharashtra State. Three talukas viz., Parbhani, Gangakhed and Purna
from Parbhani district were selected randomly and three villages from each talukas were selected randomly. From each village fifteen
respondents were selected randomly. That respondent who are using smart phone with internet facilities is available and engaged in
agricultural operations. The constituting total sample size is 135. The Ex-post-facto research design was used for the study. A well structured
questionnaire designed for study was used for collecting the data from respondents through personal interview method. The data collections
from the respondents were edited tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation
and Pearsons coefficient of correlation. The study was noticed that utilization of digital communication technologies by the farmers. This part
depicts the extent of use of DCT tools, Duration of use of DCT tools and extent of purpose for use of DCT tools. The extent of use of Digital
and Communication Technologies (DCT) tools by the farmers i.e. 60.00 per cent were using DCT tools medium extent, followed by low
extent 20.74 per cent and rest high extent 19.26 per cent. The DCT tools used by farmers for 1 to 2 hours duration were, Smart phone 83.70
per cent, Agriculture mobile app 71.85 per cent, Television 38.51 per cent, Whatsapp and You tube 32.59 per cent, Instagram 25.92 per cent,
Twitter 4.44 per cent, Computer and e-mail 2.96 per cent, Wikipedia, e-learning and Laptop 0.74 per cent. The purpose of ‘plant protection
measurements’ by the farmers according to priority the DCT tools highly used was Television 100.00 per cent, Whatsapp 99.25 per cent,
Agriculture mobile app and smart phone 97.03 per cent, You tube 96.29 per cent, Facebook 88.88 per cent, Wikipedia 78.51 per cent, Web
portal 60.74 per cent, Instagram 54.07 per cent, e-learning 36.29 per cent, mobile SMS service 31.11 per cent, etc.
Key word: DCT tools, utilization, extent of use, duration of use, profile of far.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1143
SELECTION PARAMETES ANALYSIS IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
SHIVA MOHAN1, ALAMGIR2 AND PRAMOD KUMAR3,

Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding1, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology2, Department of SSAC3
SardarVallabbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., India.
Email- shivagupta136@gmail.com
The twenty five genotypes/varieties of diverse origin were tested in randomized block Design with three replications at Oilseed Research
Farm, Kalyanpur of the Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during rabi 2014-15. Observations on
thirteen character namely, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of
secondary branches per plant, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight (g),
biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g) were recorded on five randomly taken plants
from each replication and each treatment to known the inherent variability existing in the Indian mustard genotypes. The maximum
heritability estimates was found for days to 50% flowering (77.59%), length of main raceme (77.39%), 1000-seed weight (76.44%), plant
height (75.67%), days to maturity (75.23%), number of secondary branches per plant (73.63%), number of siliquae per plant (71.64%),
harvest index (70.63%), oil content (70.02%), biological yield per plant (69.09%), seed yield per plant (69.01%), number of primary branches
per plant (68.98%) and number of seeds per siliqua (67.60%). The maximum value of genetic advance in per-cent of mean has been observed
number of siliquae per plant (31.39%). The minimum value of genetic advance in per-cent of mean has been noted for number of seeds per
siliqua (0.71%). Grain yield showed positive and highly significant association with harvest index, while negative and highly significant
association with number of secondary branches per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of primary branches per plant,
number of secondary branches per plant, oil content and 1000-seed weight had positive direct effects whereas; days to 50% flowering, plant
height, days to maturity and seed yield per plant had negative direct effect on seed yield.
GNRSA-2020/1144
PPV&FRA (PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETIES AND FARMERS RIGHTS ACT)

PPVFRA provides for the foundation of an effectual system for the protection of plant varieties, the rights of farmers and plant breeders and
to prompt the evolution of new varieties of plants. This act protects the rights of the farmers in regard of their contributions made at any time
in conserving, improving, and making available plant genetic resources for the development of new plant varieties. After India became a
signatory to the TRIPs agreement the PPV&FRA enacted by the Indian Government in 2001, with headquarter at New Delhi. PPV&FRA
promote the development of a new variety of plant and to protect the right of farmer and breeder. In this act, Article 27.3(b) provides
protection of plant variety either by a Patent or by an effective sui generis system or by combination. The act encloses all categories of plants,
excluding microorganisms. Any variety that involves any technology including gene use restriction and terminator technologies that is
injurious to life or health shall not be registered. In this act registration of plant, variety began in 2007. PPVFRA ACT was issued a
Certificate of registration for new varieties and farmers’ varieties first time in 2009. Till now the Authority has received 4111 applications for
registration in different categories of varieties including farmer’s varieties.
GNRSA-2020/1145
GENOMICS OF STAY GREEN TRAITS AND THEIR UTILITY IN CROPS IMPROVEMENT

Genomics of stay green traits refers to the study of genes related to photosynthetic
activates and provide the tools to identify its complexity. The earliest record of stay-green was found in broad bean varieties in 1962
(Steinbuchet al.). Stay-green lines of broad bean had a uniform seed size and could be harvested at a more mature stage than the very late
white varieties. Stay-green seems originally to have been a phenotype descriptor used by legume breeders (Thomas et al. 1996). Stay green
required specially in a drought and heat stress environmental condition. To keep greenness of leaves alive for longer period of time,
wwww
especially during the grain filling stage (Spanoet al. 2003). Alteration of the genetic processes determining the initiation of senescence and its
rate of progress results in a phenotype which continues to photosynthesize for longer than normal (i.e. is `functional stay green') and which
might therefore be expected to result in a higher yield. By contrast, other types of `stay green' mutant remain green due to retention of
chlorophyll resulting from lesions in its catabolism, (i.e. is `non functional stay green') but lack photosynthetic competence (Thomas and
Howarth, 2000). The wheat stay-green character governed by four recessive genes that are segregated independently and interacted in an
additive manner. In rice, this is govern by recessive mutant gene sgr(t) on chrom. 9 (Cha et al. 2002; Jiang et al. 2007) and in arabidopsis is
also govern by recessive gene fiw on chrom. 4. Wang et al. (2018) recently fine mapped a stay-green mutant in Brassica campestris L. ssp.
chinensis, which they termed “nye”. Genetic analysis revealed that the stay-green trait is controlled by a single recessive gene, Brnye1.
Brnye1 gene was mapped on chromosome A03. Annotation of the identified gene was done based on B. rapaannotation database
GNRSA-2020/1146
GENETIC VARIABILITY (GCV & PCV) ANALYSIS FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTED TRAITS IN INDIAN
MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEAL. CZERN&COSS)

Sardar Vallabbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., India.
The twenty five genotypes/varieties of diverse origin were tested in randomized block Design with three replications at Oilseed Research
Farm, Kalyanpur of the Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during rabi 2014-15.Observations on
thirteen character namely, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of
secondary branches per plant, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight (g),
biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g) were recorded on five randomly taken plants
from each replication and each treatment Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes were genetically-differ to each for all the
characters. The analysis of variance revealed that the significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters except number of
seeds per siliqua under studied. The maximum coefficients of phenotypic variation was observed for number of secondary branches per plant
followed by 1000-seed weight, length of main raceme, number of primary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per
siliqua, whereas minimum phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for days to 50% flowering, harvest index, number of siliquae per
plant, plant height, days to maturity, biological yield per plant, oil content.
GNRSA-2020/1147
PROFILE OF FARMERS ABOUT UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (DCTs) IN
AGRICULTURE

The present study explored profile characteristics of farmers about utilization of Digital and Communication Technologies (DCTs) in
agriculture. For the study Parbhani district were randomly selected from Marathwada region of Maharashtra State. Three talukas viz.,
Parbhani, Gangakhed and Purna from Parbhani district were selected randomly and three villages from each talukas were selected randomly.
From each village fifteen respondents were selected randomly. That respondent who are using smart phone with internet facilities is available
and engaged in agricultural operations. The constituting total sample size is 135. The Ex-post-facto research design was used for the study. A
well structured questionnaire designed for study was used for collecting the data from respondents through personal interview method. The
data collections from the respondents were edited tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean,
standard deviation and Pearsons coefficient of correlation. The study was noticed that, the profile characteristics of farmers concluded from
the present study that majorities of respondents were having middle age group (58.52%), education up to secondary school (35.56%). Also
clearly observed that majority of farmers belong to marginal land holding (61.48%), medium farming experience (60.74%), medium level of
possession of DCT tools (58.52%), farmers belong to medium annual income category (84.44%), no trainings (63.70%), medium extension
contact (60.00%) and medium level of innovativeness (61.48%). Further it could observed that majority of respondents belong to medium
level of risk orientation (51.11%), medium level of scientific orientation (51.85%), medium level of economic orientation (57.04%) and
medium awareness (63.70%).
Key words: DCT tools, utilization, profile characteristics of farmers
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1148
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CATTLE MANURE AS PYROLYSIS AND COMBUSTION FEED
STOCKS
LOVEPREET KAUR A,*, JAYANT SINGHA, GORLA GAYATHRIA, BHAWANA NEGIA

a
College of Technology, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India1
⁎
Corresponding author. E-mail address: Kaur.lovepreet1313@gmail.com (Lovepreet Kaur).
Cattle manure is a biowaste with bioenergy recovery potential for heat and power generation. However, there is less kinetics data available in
literature to date. In this work, a kinetic study of the pyrolysis process of cattle manure is investigated through the use of thermo gravimetric
analyses. The samples were heated over a range of temperature from 15 to 800 0C with heating rates of 10 0C /min. The weight loss was
measured by a thermo gravimetric analyser in an inert atmosphere. Experimental results showed that an animal manure pyrolysis process can
be divided into three stages: dehydration, pyrolysis, and carbonization. These stages may produce differed features on end residuum, weight
loss rate, and peak features, as indicated by thermo gravimetric (TG) and derivative thermo gravimetric (DTG) curves. The thermal
gravimetric (DTG) thermogram shows that the highest reaction rate occurred at between 200 and 450 °C where the devolatilisation process
was initiated to overcome the activation energy barrier of the manure. Results showed four steps for both the pyrolysis and the combustion
reactions, with the second step being the most critical one and during which most thermal decomposition of cellulose, hemicelluloses, starch
and protein occurred.
Keywords: Cattle manure, Biomass, Thermo gravimetric analysis
GNRSA-2020/1149
EFFECT OF BULL BIOSTIMULATION ON ESTRUS BEHAVIOUR AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF
POSTPARTUM SAHIWAL COWS (BOS INDICUS)
M. S. RAJPUT, M. L. KAMBOJ
Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001
Prolonged inter-calving period due to delayed in onset of post-partum ovarian function and poor estrus detection is one of the major
reproductive problems especially in native breeds of cattle in India. Biostimulation has been reported to improve both estrus detection and
reproductive performance in some beef breeds of cattle during post partum period. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of
biostimulation on estrus behaviour, estrus intensity and reproductive performance of postpartum Sahiwal cows through 2 types and durations
of bull contact. For this, 24 postpartum cows were divided into 3 groups(T0, T1 and T2) of 8 each based on their yield in previous lactation in
pleuriparous cows and expected producing ability of primiparous cows. In T0, cows were not exposed to bull; in T1 the cows were exposed to
the bull after 15-30 days of calving through a fenceline contact round-the-clock and in T2, the cows were exposed to the directly bull contact
for 12 hours daily.The estrus behaviours were recorded on day -3, -2 and -1 (prior to estrus), d 0 (on the day of estrus) and on day +3, +2 and
+1 (post estrus) by 24 hours CCTV camera recording. During first estrus, mean frequencies of different estrus behaviours viz.,
sniffing/licking, tail raising, micturition, chin resting, number of steps, allowing mounting attempts, flehmens response and agonistic
interactions of cows and bull were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in T2 than in T1 and T0 on the d0. These frequencies of estrus behaviours were
increased in second estrus as compared to first estrus in all 3 groups of cows. Mean intensity of estrus during first estrus in T0 was largely
weak (83.65%) and in T1 was weak to moderate (54.05 and 36.48 %) whereas in T 2 the percentage of weak, moderate and intense was 34.48,
26.02 and 35.46, respectively. The per cent mean intensity of estrus in second estrus was weak to moderate (69.75 and 31.12) in T0 whereas,
percentage of weak, moderate and intense estrus was 36.92, 40.90, 22.03 and 14.51, 29.98, 55.71 in T1 and T2 respectively. It was concluded
that the biostimulation of Sahiwal cows by exposure to bull contact from 15-30 days post-partum improved the expression as well as intensity
of estrus symptoms and reduced the days of first estrus post partum in comparison to non bull exposed cows. The biostimulation by exposure
to bull by direct contact was found to have greater effect than fenceline bull contact in improving the expression and intensity of estrus.
Keywords : Bull, Direct contact, Fenceline contact, post-partum an-estrus
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1150
IMPROVED WATER PRODUCTIVITY ON WHEAT CROP IN THE COMMAND AREA OF KHAPA MINOR IRRIGATION
PROJECT
MAHESH PRASAD TRIPATHI*, RAJENDRA KUMAR NEMA, MANOJ KUMAR AWASTHI, Y. K.TIWARI.
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, J.N. K. V. V., Jabalpur (M.P.)- India.
*Corresponding Author email id.: maheshagriengg@gmail.com
The present study was taken up to importance of irrigation management and the water user’s participation in increasing water productivity
and the development of the existing irrigation in command area. This study was carried out to assess the present irrigation system of
command area and to perform diagnostic study for the possible improvement in the command area of Khapa and Magardha minor. The
experiment was conducted in Randomized block designs replicated three times; the experiment consists of three irrigation methods (Flood,
Border and Sprinkler) two wheat varieties (GW-272 and HD-2851) and two method of sowing (Broadcasting and Line sowing). During study
water productivity, depth of irrigation and crop yield were workout. The study considered various canals and financial indicator to check the
current status economic utilization visibility of existing minor irrigation project. The results of study/work done during last two years
indicated that the resource utilization in current prospective was not fully utilized and efficient planning need to be done increase the
productivity as well as farm income. The minor irrigation project located in the Mandla District of Madhya Pradesh (India). To improve the
productivity of the wheat crop in command area, the adaptive research trials were conducted in a farmer’s field, eighteen trials is each
command Khapa and Magardha respectively.
Keywords: Border irrigation, Flood irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Water productivity.
GNRSA-2020/1151
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS FOR FUTURE
MANUJ AWASTHI, SUNIL MALIK AND SATEESHPRATAP SINGH

S.V. Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut- 250110 U.P.
The conservation of plant genetic resources is one of the important elements in efforts to sustainably increase agricultural production in low-
income countries, and to guarantee long-term food security, especially for the low-income population groups in these countries. The ex
situ conservation has relative superiority in preservation of diversity for specific groups and diversity conserved in gene banks has always
been easily accessible to the world-wide community of researchers and plant breeders. Horticultural crops, as high-value crops, have an
important role to play in revitalizing rural economies and can add significantly to national economies. Moreover, horticulture provides more
than twice the number of jobs compared to traditional cereal crop production, and the shifting of conventional agriculture towards high-value
horticulture has increased employment opportunities in developing countries. To exploit this potential, researchers need a vast array of
horticultural genetic resources and information on new traits. Horticultural genetic resources (HGR) are subset of agro-biodiversity that is
related to garden crop species or their wild genepool, having genetic material of actual or potential value. In fact, there are horticultural crops
comprise diverse economic species ranging from the fruits/nuts, vegetables, spices and condiments, ornamental plants, aromatic and
medicinal plants. After industrialization the genetic diversity of domestic horticultural crops decreased dramatically. At the same time the
need for a reserve of germplasm for developing new and improved varieties is recognized and is expected to increase in future.
GNRSA-2020/1152
STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGARCANE GROWERS WITH
THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION LEVEL OF IPM PRACTICES
MOHIT KUMAR1, H. C. SINGH2 AND A. K. RAJBHAR1

1
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, College of Agriculture, Deptt. Of Agril. Extension, Kanpur-208002
2
College of Agril. Engg.& Tech, Campus Etawah (CSAUA&T Kanpur)
Author Email: mohitmayapur404@gmail.com
This study was conducted in Western Uttar Pradesh in which two districts Saharanpur and Muzaffarnagar were selected purposely. A total
number of 240 Sugarcane growers were selected through random sampling from sixteen villages. The structured schedule was developed
keeping in view the objectives and variables to be studied. Correlation coefficient (r) between different variables and knowledge. Out of 17
variables studied, the variables i.e. education, occupation, annual income, material possession, economic motivation and risk motivation
extent of contact were found highly significant and positively correlated with knowledge extent. The variable like age, caste, type of family,
housing pattern, social participation and communication media possession, extent of contact, scientific orientation and experience in
Sugarcane cultivation were found positively correlated with knowledge extent.
wwww
Correlation coefficient (r) between different variables and adoption. Out of 17 variables studied, the variables i.e. occupation, annual income
and material possession were found highly significant and positively correlated with adoption extent. The variables like education and
economic motivation were found significant and positively correlated with adoption extent. The variables like caste, housing pattern, social
participation, communication media possession, extent of contact, scientific motivation, risk motivation and experience in sugarcane
cultivation positively correlated with adoption extent.
Keywords:- Adoption, knowledge, correlation, dependent & independent variables
GNRSA-2020/1153
PROFILE OF SELF-HELP GROUP MEMBERS IN AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES
*MORE A. G. LADE A. H. AND KHARGE A.P.

*Corresponding author e-mail: apurvamore316@gmail.com
percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. The majority (54.17%) of the women were from young age
group and one-fourth (30.00%) of were illiterate, majority (95.83%) of the respondents were from marginal land holding, more than half
(62.5%) of were from joint family, more than half (74.17%) of respondents were highest cast category, less than one-fourth of (28.33%) of
respondent were engaged in cultivation, majority (89.2%) of respondents were medium level of annual income, less than half (57.50%) of
degree of market orientation, more than half (62.5%) of medium exposure to mass media, more than half (62.50%) degree of risk orientation,
slightly less than half (59.26%) of sources of information, (45.84%) of medium level knowledge.
Key words: Self Help group (SHG), Participation
GNRSA-2020/1154
CONSTRAINTS FACED BY MEMBERS OF SELF-HELP GROUPS AND INVITE THEIR SUGGESTION TO OVERCOME
THESE CONSTRIANTS
*MORE A.G., LADE A. H. AND KHARGE A. P.

*Corresponding author e-mail: apurvamore316@gmail.com
percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. major constraints were faced by the SHG members were of
varied type and having more intensity. The data revealed that (73.33%) respondents’ rate of knowledge of advanced agricultural technology,
while (56.67%) lack of improved agricultural tools specific for farm women, followed by (50.83%) respondents lack of facilities to carry
heavy weight of fodder and (48.33%) timely unavailability of production resources used in agriculture. Other constraints were observed that
(44.17%) respondent high cost of chemical fertilizers & pesticides and (46.67%) lack of irrigation facilities. Major suggestions expressed by
the self-help group women was cooperation among family members while taking decision about farm activities (79.16%), while (66.66%)
training programme should be organize for improved farm technology for farm women, followed by (62.5%) of the SHG members suggested
Senior women of family should support and guide to farm women, whereas (50.00%) of the farm women suggested senior men members of
family should motivate the farm women for work to build-up their confidence to take risk and (41.66%) of them suggested that there should
be friendly environment and interaction among the family members while taking decision.
Key words: Self-Help Group (SHG), Constraints, respondents.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1155
PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CHROMIUM BY SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATION OF CICER ARIETINUM PLANTS AND MESO-
RHIZOBIUM
RAJAT CHAUDHARY, ANURAG MISHRA AND SONUM ARYA

Phytoremediation is the process of bioremediation by the help of C. arietinum that alleviate the environmental issues without the necessity to
dig the contaminant substance and discard of it in the surroundings. Chromium in soils not only affects the physiological processes of plants
but also the microbial rhizosphere composition and metabolic activities of microorganisms. Hence, the inoculation of plants with chromium
tolerant rhizospheric microorganisms as an alternative to reduce chromium phytotoxicity was studied. C. arietinum germination was reduced
by chromium concentration however lower chromium concentrations negatively affected the biomass. Although, Mesorhizobium ciceri was
able to grow and eliminate different chromium concentrations (5-20 mg/L). The inoculation of C. arietinum plants with this strain exposed to
chromium showed a significantly enhanced plant growth. In addition, inoculated plants accumulated higher chromium concentration in roots
than those non-inoculated. It is important to note that chromium was not translocated to shoots independently of inoculation. This indicate
that Mesorhizobium's capability to remove chromium could be exploited for bioremediation. Moreover, C. arietinum plants would represent a
natural system for phytoremediation or phytostabilization of chromium in situ that could be improved with M. ciceri inoculation. These
processes would be considered as a phytoremediation tool with great economic and ecological relevance. Some plants used in
phytoremediation are Indian mustard, chickpea, alfalfa, sunflower, hybrid poplar trees, arrowroot, cucumber, lantana, canola etc.
Keywords: heavy metals, phytoremediation, hyperaccumulators, transporters and heavy metal binding proteins
GNRSA-2020/1156
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY THROUGH D2-ANALYSIS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
RAJAT CHUDHARY, ABHIMANYU, AND POORAN CHAND

The present investigation involving forty five rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in randomized complete block design with three replications
was undertaken to assess the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient, path coefficient analysis and genetic
divergence. Observations were recorded for morphological traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of
reproductive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, biological yield per plant, harvest index, test weight and grain
yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability among the genotypes for all the characters under study,
indicated wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for days to
50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and biological yield,
showing the influence of additive gene action on the traits hence, may be useful for effective selection. Correlation and path analysis
indicated that effective improvement in grain yield may be obtained by improving number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of grains
per panicle, biological yield per plant, harvest index and test weight also can be considered as guidelines for further breeding work to develop
desired plant type. Genotypes from the same geographical region fell into different clusters and vice-versa. This suggested that selection of
parents for hybridization should be on genetic diversity rather than on the geographical areas. Days to 50% flowering followed by days to
maturity, plant height, test weight, number of grains per panicle and biological yield contributed most towards divergence. Based on the
divergence study, crosses among the genotypes viz., Basmati 6141, HBC 46, Basmati 410, IR 75428-6-3, Vasumati, Mahisugandha, Basmati
Type-3, UPR 3565 10-1-1, Basmati 217, PDKV Shriram, Lua Nhe Den, Binir hen, Basmati 5836, Bindli, Basmati Bahar, UPR 2828-7-2-1
and Ranbir Basmati is suggested for utilizing them in hybridization programme for getting desired segregants for rice improvement.
Keywords: genetic advance, path coefficient, genetic divergence and genetic variability.
GNRSA-2020/1157
A STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF GENUS EUPLECTRUS WESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)
FROM CHHATTISGARH
RAJESH KUMAR EKKA1 AND S. S. SHAW2

1
Department of Entomology, COA, IGKV, Korba (C.G.)-495445
2
Department of Entomology, COA, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.)-492012
*email: rajeshkumarekka27@gmail.com
The genus Euplectrus Westwood was studied in different natural and agricultural ecosystem of Chhattisgarh. At present 103 specimens are
studied from Chhattisgarh. The distribution pattern of Euplectrus Westwood was analyzed and digitized. It was distributed in four
biogeographic realms, namely: Nearctic, Neotropical, Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasia. In India it had been distributed in
wwww
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir,
Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Puducherry, Rajasthan, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West
Bengal and Karnataka. In present study, it had been reported from Jashpur Balrampur, Raigarh, Mungeli Mahasamund, Kawardha, Dhamtari,
Gariyaband, Surguja, Rajanandgaon, Durg, Korba, Raipur and Jagdalpur districts of Chhattisgarh.
keywords: distribution pattern, Euplectrus Westwood, Chhattisgarh
GNRSA-2020/1158
EFFECTS OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT ON THE SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING VIGOUROF SAPIND USMUKOROSSI
RAKESH KUMAR AND PRABHAT TIWARI

Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Jhansi (U.P)-284003
Email. negirakesh632@gmail.com
To study the effects of pre-sowing treatment on the seed germination and seedling vigourof Sapindusmukorossi was carried out in forest
nursery of Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Jhansi (U.P) in the year 2020-21. For this fresh seeds are collected from Shidh
Seed Sale Corp Dehradun (UK) and Seed are clean and graded seeds were subjected to five different pre-sowing treatments for germination
viz., Concentrated H2SO4 for 20 minutes followed by rinsing under running tap water (T1), Hot water treatment 1000C for 10 second (T2),
Cow dung treatment for 7 days (T3), Cow urine treatment for 24 hours (T4) and normal water treatment for 48 hours (T5). The study revealed
that seed pre-sowing treatments of the Sapindusmukorossi were significantly influenced the seed germination and seedling vigour.
Germination per cent subjected to different pre- sowing treatments ranged from 65 to 30 per cent. Acid treatment (T1) sowing the high
germination per cent which is significantly at par with the other treatments. Germination energy was follow these trends T1> T2> T3> T4 >
T5. Seedling length was depicted highest value (21.75 cm) in T1 (H2SO4 treatment for 20 minute) which is statistically at par with the other
treatments while the minmum value was depicted in T5 (9.83cm). In case of collar daimeter, maximum value was recorded in T1 (4.80 mm)
and lowest in T5 (2.51 mm). Whereas, mean root length of the seedlings was highest in T1 (16.58 cm) and lowest in T5 (9.31 cm). The root-
shoot ratio also varied significantly among different pretreatments and the highest root- shoot ratio was recorded in T1 i.e. seeds soaked in
H2So4 for 20 minute (0.26) and the least in T5 (0.15). With regards to seedling vigour index, the highest vigour index was recorded in T1
(16.72) scarifying the seeds in H2SO4 for 5 minutes and the lowest in T5 (4.37). Among all pre sowing treatment given to the seed of
Sapidusmukorossi, acid treatment depict high seed germination and seedling vigour value.
GNRSA-2020/1159
POST HARVEST HANDLING OF CUT FLOWERS
ROHAN TOMAR1 AND MOHIT CHAUDHARY2

1-Department of Horticulture (Floriculture and Landscaping) College of Horticulture,VCSG
Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar-246123
2- Department of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology,
Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
Flowers are one of the most beautiful natural forms . Flowers are highly perishable unlike other horticultural crops. Owing to poor keeping
quality, the post harvest losses in floriculture are significantly higher than any other sector. The quantity of flowers after harvest depend on
the way they are handled. In general grading, sorting, cooling and application of floral preservatives are the main post-harvest management
techniques that can be applied throughout the post-harvest chain. The post-harvest handling are keeping the product cool, to avoid moisture
loss and slow down undesirable chemical changes, and avoiding physical damage such as bruising to delay spoilage. Proper handling increase
the vase life or longevity of flower.
Key words : perishable, preservatives, vase life, longevity etc.
GNRSA-2020/1160
GREEN ROOF FOR RESILIENT CITIES

2- Department of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
One of the major risks for cities in the future is climate change, buildings are largely responsible for emission of greenhouse gases. One of the
key measures to fight climate change is by increasing the use of green approaches including green technologies and vegetation. However,
there is a shortage of available space for establishing greening elements due to high density of urban development and high cost of urban
wwww
land. By using green roofs, the hottest spots of the city can be mitigated green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or
completely covered with vegetation and growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. Further advantage of green roofs include
mitigating air pollution, improving management of run-off water, improving public health and enhancing the aesthics value of the urban
development. Green roof infrastructure promises to become an increasingly important option for building owners and community planners.
Green roofs can address many of the challenges faced by the urban residents.It is an efficient solution to bringing back nature into urban
environments and integrates buildings more successfully in their environment.
GNRSA-2020/1161
PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF GERBERA AND CARNATION

Protected cultivation of flowers is a modern, less environment dependent and capital intensive approach. It has tremendous capacity to
improve the quality and quantity of flower crops. Protected cultivation is defined as cultivating plants inside a structure which protects plants
from natural vagaries viz., wind, precipitation, excessive radiation, temperature extremes, insects and diseases. Most of the commercial
important cut flowers are grown under protected condition. Among them, gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) and carnation (Dianthus
caryophyllus L.) are the top 10 ranking cut flowers in the global florist trade. These flowers are popular on account of their exquisite shape,
wide range of colours, good vase life and light weight which make them ideal for distant market. These crops strictly prefer cultivation under
protected structure. Basic consideration for flower cultivation under protected structure involves feasibility study, types of green house
structure, planting material, growing system, plant protection, post harvest handling, supporting facilities for analyzing quality of water and
growing media, management and coordination. Kulkarni et al. (2017) conducted a study on economics of potted gerbera with different
growth media under protected cultivation. They found that maximum B:C ratio (3.17 and 3.37 in two years) and net return (7,01, 236 and Rs.
7,11,124 in 560 m2 area) were obtained from treatment consisting of Cocopeat 40% + Red soil 30%+ FYM 20% + Sand 10% . Singh et al.
(2013) reported that application of 250 ppm N and K fertigation through urea and MOP + 250 ppm NPK foliar spray through Sujala once a
week showed significant increase in flower quality and quantity of carnation cv. Master. Deshmukh et al. (2019) studied the economic
feasibility of gerbera under protected cultivation. They reported that net profit was Rs. 2496000/year and B:C ratio 2.94 per 4000 square
meters by gerbera cultivation. Protected cultivation ensures the production of crop at any place and throughout the year. The produce
obtained is blemish-free and high quality.
GNRSA-2020/1162
NURSERY MANAGEMENT IN FLORICULTURE

Floriculture is an aesthetic and economical branch of horticulture that deals with the cultivation of ornamental plants, their marketing and
value added products. It deals with the production of high value crop. For successful production of any crop either it propagated through
seeds, cuttings, grafting, budding, etc. establishment and maintenance of nursery plays an important role. Nursery is a place where seedlings,
cuttings and graft are raised before transplanting. During establishment of nursery one should keep focus on the following viz., selection of
good quality planting material, site selection, preparation of nursery beds, media for propagating nursery plants, containers for propagation
and growing of young plants etc.Nursery management involves range of activities including cultural practices, forestablishing to sustaining
planting materials at desirable quality or stage. The management practices includesoil and seed treatments, irrigation, fertilization, manuring,
weeding, insects and diseases management. A good packing of nursery plants ensures their success on transplanting (Singh et al., 2017). The
aim of good nursery management is to provide planting material of the highest possible quality for new development areas and
replanting(Mbora et al., 2008).Nursery is pre requisite for meeting the quality seedlings demand and nursery management is a potential tool
to execute the activity in successful way (Krishnan et al., 2014).There are various advantages of nursery viz.,it is very convenient to look
after the tender seedlings, easy to protect the seedlings/plant propagules from pests and diseases, economy of land usage as it reduce the
duration of crop in main field,valuable and very small seeds can be raised effectively without any wastage and uniform crop stand in the main
field can be maintained by selecting healthy, uniform and vigorous seedlings/ plant propagules.Nursery management is therefore essential as
it provides a cheap and good background for the seedlings/ propagules to develop before field planting.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1163
EFFECT OF PULSING AND HOLDING SOLUTION FOR IMPROVING VASE LIFE OF GERBERA (GERBERA JAMESONII
BOLUS EX. HOOK) CV. RUCHA
ROHAN TOMAR1
Department of Horticulture (Floriculture & Landscaping), College of Horticulture, VCSG, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and
Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
The present investigation entitled “Effect of pulsing and holding solution for improving vase life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex.
Hook) cv. Rucha” was carried out under Floriculture laboratory, College of Horticulture, VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and
Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal in 2019. The investigation was done in two sets of experiment one was for pulsing and the second was for
holding solution. Both the experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design with three replications per treatment. For pulsing, cut
stems were placed for 6 hours in pulsing after that put in distilled water. For holding experiment, the best pulsing treatment from experiment-
1 was taken to standarize the holding solution. Among the different concentrations of sucrose and 8HQC used for pulsing, the treatment
containing Sucrose 15% + 8-HQC 300 ppm recorded maximum pulsing solution uptake (3.28 ± 0.11 ml), percent weight increase of cut
stems (10.09 ± 0.41 %), longest vase life (12.91 ± 0.44 days), percent increase in flower diameter (14.32 ± 0.48 %), amount of distilled water
consumed (19.89 ± 0.20 ml), minimum percent decrease in weight of the cut stem (17.67 ± 0.77 %), stem bending (38.30 ± 1.30 %) and
number of bacteria (42.26 ± 0.63 CFU/ml). With respect to holding solution, treatment containing Sucrose 4% + 8-HQC 300 ppm recorded
maximum amount of holding solution uptake (29.47 ± 0.43 ml), minimum decrease in weight of cut stems (5.59 ± 0.40 %)), longest vase life
(17.49 ± 0.38 days), percent increase in flower diameter (19.22 ± 0.11%) and minimum stem bending (26.85 ± 0.69%). Thus, present
investigation revealed that gerbera cv. Rucha cut stems pulsed with Sucrose 15% + 8-HQC 300 ppm for 6 hrs along with holding solution
containing Sucrose 4% + 8-HQC 300 ppm were found effective in improving vase life of flower.
Keywords: 8-HQC, Sucrose, CFU, Pulsing, Holding, Vase life.
GNRSA-2020/1164
PRECISION FARMING AND ITS SCOPE IN INDIA
SAUHARD DUBEY1, GAURAV SHUKLA1, ASHISH NATH1, SHIVA MOHAN2

2. Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology
Due to the excessive usage of chemicals, the natural texture and fertility of the soil is vastly affected. Especially in India, where usage of
chemicals is much prominent ever since and before the green revolution. Here comes the role of precision farming which can solve such
excessive usage issues. It aims at the resource management methods that are capable to eliminate the wastage of available resources for crop
production, thereby reducing pollution. The concept of precision farming isn’t only contained within the domains of drip irrigation, IPM,
land use planning etc., it is way beyond that. It focuses on use of technology- GPS aids, computerized assessment, program mapping, data
interpretation, harvest mapping etc. It amalgamates all of them and provides a platform to precisely use the inputs in farming and see better
results in a comparatively lower cost of production. GPS enables tracking of land and other resources, soil sample collection made easier
through technology, controlled fertilization and irrigation, efficient management of farm equipment are just few of the wide benefits obtained
through precision farming. However, majority of farmers in India belong to the small and marginal category and hence are skeptical about
investing in precision agriculture since it also requires additional training and technical know-hows. This can be solved by regular awareness
programs and efficient implementation. The conventional method of farming seems to be less profitable in today’s India. The profits can be
maximized by manipulating and minimizing the inputs in the farming practices using precision farming. Nothing can be better than
implementing technological advances and obtaining good agricultural yield. The rapid socio-economic changes such as urbanization, energy
consumption and economic growth are creating new opportunities for the application of precision farming in India. It is not advisable to
blindly adopt the various precision agriculture practices followed in developed countries. India needs to adopt considering the needs and
socio-economic barriers prevalent in the country. In turn, India can assume better quality, food security and environment sustainability.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1165
EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE ON PLANT GROWTH
SAUHARD DUBEY1, GAURAV SHUKLA1, ASHISH NATH1, SHIVA MOHAN2

2. Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology
The organic manure in an agricultural soil consists of wide range of materials- roots and other plant parts, bacteria, fungi, animal excreta etc.
The organisms may be dead or alive or decomposed by other organisms. Such organic manure contains a full spectrum of essential nutrients
required for plant growth in a healthy environment. It supplies plant nutrients as well as improve the yield of the plant significantly along with
a significant improvement in the NPK ratio. Organic manure being a natural source of nitrogen (N) is important for the crop productivity as
well as soil health. Hence, applying organic manures with prior knowledge of properties can improve the overall yield and plant growth. The
optimum application is crucial to supply the plants sufficient nutrients to achieve optimum productivity, while also rebuilding soil fertility and
ensuring protection of natural resources. It is generally seen that the application of organic manure promotes plant root activity in 40 days
after transplanting as compared to inorganic manures which exceeds it by 20 more days. Also, the glycosides synthesis and accumulation in
the later growth stage is also improved by the application of organic manure causing a significant increase in the glycoside content. However,
this may not be observed in the early growth stages due to lower nutrient content in organic manure as compared to inorganic ones. To sum,
organic manure can promote the over-ground growth, the root vigour, photosynthetic capability of the plant and total glycoside content in the
leaves of plant. Therefore, a reasonable use of organic manure can improve both quality and quantity (yield) of plants. But the use of purely
organic manures may result in higher production costs (increased labour cost etc.) but recycling, composting and using local inputs may
decrease the production cost. In years to come, utilization of organic manure to meet crop nutrient requirement will become an unavoidable
practice to promote sustainable agriculture ensuring enhanced crop productivity and quality.
GNRSA-2020/1166
CROP YIELD PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING BASED STATISTICAL METHODS
SHAILENDRA KUMAR
Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi-284003
Agriculture is the main source of income of around 60 percent of earning person of India that forms the backbone of our country. Over the
last few decades, there is an enormous development in various sectors due to adopting new emerging technology such as artificial
intelligence. Therefore, there may be a large scope of the use of newly available machine learning and Artificial Intelligence technology in
the agriculture sector for enhancing farmer income and reducing risk in farming. Prediction of crop yield is a highly complex trait due to the
dependency of so many factors such as environment, genotype, and their interactions. In this article, we review some machine learning-based
statistical techniques for crop yield prediction. It also comprises the contrast of various algorithms along with their benefits and drawback.
KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Classification, Regression, Prediction, Crop yield.
GNRSA-2020/1167
MANAGEMENT OF CROP RESIDUES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS
PRAMOD KUMAR1, SHIVA MOHAN2,AND ALAMGIR3

Department of SSAC1 , Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding2, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology3,
Crop residues are materials left on cultivated land after the crop has been harvested. Agricultural crop residues include both field and
processing residues. Field residues consist of materials such as stalks and stubble (stems), leaves, and seed pods, left in the agricultural field
after crop harvesting. Processing residues, including husks, seeds, bagasse and roots, are the materials left after the processing of the crop into
a usable resource. Crop residues can improve soil structure, increase organic matter content in the soil, reduce evaporation, and increase water
holding capacity of soil . Crop residues are important natural resources, and their effective recycling improves the soil physical, chemical and
biological properties. However, N at 20 kg ha -1 as starter dose with straw incorporation increases yield of wheat and rice compared to
burning. Surface retention of residue increases soil NO3 by 43%, N uptake by 33% and yield by 22% compared to burning. An experiment
conducted with straw removal (CK) and straw incorporation (STR). The STR significantly increased the wheat yield by an average of 58%
compared with CK however, no significant difference was found in the rice yield. Soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the
0-20 cm soil layer increased by more than 15% with STR compared to CK. The soil cation exchange capacity and organic carbon in the 0-20
wwww
cm soil layer increased by 8% and 22%, for STR compared to CK, respectively. Straw incorporation significantly elevated the soil saturated
water content but decreased the soil bulk density compared with CK. Soil aggregates >2 mm were significantly increased after straw return.
Therefore, full straw incorporation could significantly improve soil fertility and maintain crop yields as compare to straw removal. After
analyses of these researches we can conclude that for improvement of overall soil health the use of crop residue incorporation in soil is
essential.
GNRSA-2020/1168
AGROBACTERIUM AND ITS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
ALAMGIR1, SHIVA MOHAN2AND PRAMOD KUMAR3

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology1 , Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding2, , Department of SSAC3
Agrobacterium is genus of Gram-negative bacteria that causes plant tumours through horizontal gene transfer. The most studied species in
this genus is Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Agrobacterium is well-known for its ability to transfer DNA between itself and plants, which has
made it a valuable tool in genetic engineering.Crown gall disease is caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. On the infected
plant, the disease is marked by a tumor-like growth or gall, which also appears at the root-shoot junction. The conjugative transfer of a DNA
segment (T-DNA) from the bacterial tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmid causes tumours to develop. Agrobacterium rhizogenes, another closely
related species, causes root tumours.The bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used extensively in plant genetic transformation as
a powerful tool for delivering genes of interest into a host plant. The transferred DNA will integrate into the plant genome and be passed
down to the next generation within the nucleus (i.e. stable transformation).Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which carries the tumor-inducing (Ti)
plasmid, causes galls on the roots and crowns of many dicot angiosperm species as well as some gymnosperms, whereas Agrobacterium
rhizogenes, which carries the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid, causes abnormal root production on the host plants.The expression of oncogenes
found in transferred-DNA (T-DNA) transported from these bacteria into the plant nucleus and integrated into the plant genome causes
neoplastic tumor-like cell growth. The T-DNA is the first and most important component, and it is identified by border sequences, which are
conserved 25-base pair imperfect repeats at the T-ends. region's The virulence (vir) region is made up of at least seven main loci (virA, virB,
virC, virD, virE, virF, and virG) that code for components of the bacterial protein machinery that mediate T-DNA processing and transfer.
The VirA and VirG proteins are two-component regulators on the Ti-plasmid that activate the expression of other vir genes. T-DNA from A.
tumefaciens is processed, transferred, and integrated into a plant cell by the VirB, VirC, VirD, VirE, and possibly VirF.
Venue:Conference
Venue: ConferenceHall,
Hall,Shobhit
ShobhitDeemed
DeemedUniversity,
University,Modipuram,
Modipuram,Meerut,
Meerut,UP,
UP,India (February2626––28,
India(February 28,2021)
2021) 443
444
wwww
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1169
EVALUATION OF NEW MOLECULES OF INSECTICIDE BE CONTINUED FOR FINDING THE EFFECTIVE AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFER INSECTICIDE AGAINST TUR POD BUG (CLAVIGRALLA GIBBOSA; HEMIPTERA:
COREIDAE).
UMASHANKAR1, SACHIN KUMAR JAISWAL2, ANKITA SINGH3

1
Department of Entomology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, college of Agriculture, Rewa- 486001
2
Department of Entomology, 3Department of Extension Education, CoA, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattishgarh,
India 492012
E-mail: ukaushik1593@gmail.com
Pulse crops are universally known for their high nutritive values and role in sustainable crop production, as they improve the soil fertility and
physical properties of the soil. India is the largest producer (25%) and consumer (27%) of pulses in the world besides biggest importer (14%)
of the pulses. Among pulses, widely cultivated crops are Chickpea (48%), Pigeon pea (15%), Mungbean (7%), Urdbean (7%), Lentil (5%)
and Field pea (5%) at national & global level. In India; Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh are recognized as a major pulse producing states and contribute about 80% of the total production. The average yield of the crop have
been recorded between 500 - 800 kg/ha in the region as against the potential yield of 1800 - 2000 kg/ha and approximately 11.7% yield loss
alone by the infestation of various pod bugs has been reported. So far, the grain damage by tur pod bug was concerned it was found 5.17 to
15.19 percent in different treatments. Maximum grain damage (15.19%) was recorded from the untreated control plot and minimum from
Monocrotophos 36%SL treated plot (5.17%) followed by Acephate 75% SP (5.70%) and Novaluron 10% EC was found least effective
against the pest.
Keyword: Clavigralla gibbosa, Monocrotophos, Acephate and Pigeon pea.
GNRSA-2020/1170
ASSESSMENT OF SUITABLE CLONES OF EUCALYPTUS FOR EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
ANUBHA SRIVASTAV, ANITA TOMAR, S. D. SHUKLA AND AMIT KUMAR

Forest Research Centre for Eco-rehabilitation,Prayagraj (A Centre of ICFRE, Dehradun),
E-mail :anubhasri_csfer@icfre.org
The adoption of Eucalyptus plantations in agroforestry is much prevalent in the region of Eastern U.P. To promote these plantations
commercially, choice of planting material is a challenging task for farmers. As clonal forestry of Eucalyptus is now quite popular in the
region, thus, selection of adequate clones for specific region is very important to gain maximum yield of end produce. Therefore, with a view
to identify promising clones for three agro-climatic zones viz. Eastern Gangetic plains, Vindhyan region and Tarai region of Eastern U.P.,
experimental trials were established in 05 districts -Prayagraj, Gorakhpur, Pratapgarh, Raebareilly and Mirzapur with a view to assess site-
specific adequate clones with 19 commercial clones of E. hybrid, E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis ( 413, 07, 526, 04, K-25, 288, 2013,
2023, 2070, 2136, 3018, 3021, P-13, P-14, P-23, P-32, P-45, P-50, P-66), 10 IFGTB clones of E. camaldulensis ( IFGTB- 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
and 10) and 03 FRI clones of E. camaldulensis ( DDN- 100,104 and 124) in the year 2016 and 2017. The performance of clones was assessed
annually for height and girth at breast height (gbh). The mean annual increments in height and gbh were calculated. The analysed results
after two to three years of planting showed that in Vindhyan region ( District- Prayagraj and Mirzapur), the clones P-13,P-23,P-32,526, P-50,
FRI-100 and 124, IFGTB-2,3,7,6 and 9 performed well over others. Similarly, in Eastern Gangetic plains ( District-Raebareilly and
Pratapgarh), the clones P-50,07, P-45,413, 288, FRI -100, FRI- 124, IFGTB- 1,2,6,8,10 and in Tarai region (District-Gorakhpur), the clones
P-14, P-15, 07, 2013, 526, FRI-100, FRI-124 and IFGTB- 1,5, 6, 9 and 10 are performing well over others. Further, the assessed promising
clones will be helpful for farmers / tree growers in selection of adequate quality planting material for Eucalyptus based agroforestry in the
region.
Keywords: Commercial agroforestry, Eucalyptus based , agro-climatic zones, suitable clones, economic gain
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1171
DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS (PRSV) PATHOTYPES -P AND –
W
1,2
ASHWINI KUMAR , JYOTI SIWACH2, VANDANA SHARMA1, VIVEK RANA1, SUNITI RAWAT1, ARUN KUMAR1, MOHIT
1
KUMAR1, BASAVARAJ Y.B.2 PUSHPENDRA KUMAR
1: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.), India.
2:Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India.
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) exists as a major limiting factor that reduces the production of papaya as well as cucurbits worldwide
including India. Two major pathotypes (P and W) have been identified. Coat Protein coding region has been characterized from PRSV-P and
-W isolates originated from southern states of India. The other coding regions of PRSV such as helper component proteinase (HC-pro) and
nuclear inclusion protein-a (NIa-pro) which perform several vital biological functions, have not been adequately characterized. The present
investigation deals with the characterization of PRSV (P and W) isolates originating from different locations for coat protein (CP), helper
component proteinase & nuclear inclusion protein-a coding regions. 30 suspected PRSV infected papaya and cucurbit samples were collected
from Goa(3), Punjab (8), Haryana (5), Uttar Pradesh (11) and Uttarakhand (3). The virus infection further confirmed by bio-assay and
immuno- & nucleo-based assays. The symptomatic naturally infected papaya and cucurbit samples revealed the association of PRSV by
DAC-ELISA. These results yielded 16 isolates of PRSV-P and 1 isolates of PRSV-W. A total of 8 isolates (7 isolates of PRSV-P and 1
isolates of PRSV-W) were carried forward for cloning and sequencing. HC-pro coding regions sequence analysis revealed that the PRSV (P
& W) isolates were divergent upto 7% worldwide. Similarly, comparative sequence analysis of NIa-pro coding regions revealed that the
PRSV isolates were divergent upto 9% worldwide. Based on CP coding region aa sequences, the PRSV-P isolates worldwide were divergent
upto 19%, while PRSV-W isolates upto 9%. The overall sequence comparison of the various coding region of PRSV isolates originating from
different locations revealed that the pathotype P isolate were more divergent than W isolates and the Indian PRSV population is more
divergent as compared to the rest of the world.
Key Words: Papaya ringspot virus, CP gene, NIa-pro, HC-pro, Pathotypev
GNRSA-2020/1172
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM ).
ARVIND MALIK* AND POORAN CHAND

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.)
The experimental materials for the present study involved 10 genetically diverse wheat varieties namely, HUW 510, PBW 373, RAJ 3765, K
9423, AAI 1536, RAJ 4128, HUW 251, C 306, DBW 17 and PBW 343. These parental lines were mating in diallel fashion excluding
reciprocals during the rabi season of 2015-16. The parents and their 45 F1s were also grown in the next year during rabi season of 2016-17
under irrigated conditions in randomized block design with three replications with two date of sowing i.e. timely sown on 25 November, 2016
and late sown on 30 December 2016. Data were recorded for 16 characters namely, days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height,
number of productive tillers per plant, grain filling duration, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per
plant, grain yield per plant, proline content, chlorophyll content at anthesis, chlorophyll content 10 days after anthesis, flag leaf area, leaf
senescence and harvest index. The mean sums of square due to general combining ability were found highly significant for all characters
under both timely and late sown condition. The mean sum of square due to specific combining ability were found highly significant for the all
traits except flag leaf area and harvest index under both environments and spike length under late sown condition. On the basis of overall gca
effects, the best general combiners were RAJ 3765, C 306 and PBW 343 for maximum number of characters under timely sown and late
sown conditions. Therefore, these parents could be intensively used in the hybridization programme to develop the genotypes suitable for
heat stress condition with effective selection for yield components in wheat. Cross combinations RAJ 4128 x HUW 251, RAJ 3765 x C306,
K 9423 x C 306, RAJ 3765 x K 9423 and HUW 251 x PBW 343 under both timely sown and late sown conditions with high SCA effects
could be exploited for further selection of high yielding progenies.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1173
GRAIN DISCOLORATION OF RICE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOWING SEED QUALITY
HARISHANKAR AHIRWAR1 AND KAMLESH AHIRWAR2

Department of Plant Pathology, JNKVV College of Agriculture , Jabalpur- 482004 (M.P.)
Scientist Horticulture at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chhattarpur, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
An investigation was undertaken during Kharif season 2017 at the Rice Research experimental fields, JNKVV College Of Agriculture,
Jabalpur (M.P.) to determine the extent of diseases associates with rice plants with special reference to grain discoloration problem. Rice
panicies of three growth stages (50% and 90% grain filling stage) obtained from 5 districts covering 25 fields were analyzed for grain
discoloration, The rice panicies (50% grain filling stages) had maximum (13.80%) infection , which were collected during October II weeks ,
while it increased upto 17.60% in panicle collected during October IV week , in sample tested was noticed in panicle obtained from 4
locations representing the seed production programme. Seed samples from farmers of 8 districts (41 samples) indicated the prevelance of
grain discoloration in different proportions. Incidence of grain discoloration in samples from Jabalpur ranged from 15.0-25.0% , Katni (10.0-
15.0%), Damoh (10.0-19.0%), Seoni (15.0-24.0%), Chhindwara (10.0-20.0%), Mandla (11.0-21.0%) , Dindori (11.0-19.0%) and Balaghat
(10.0-23.0%) with overall incidence of 11.48% from 8 districts. Similar trend was noticed in seed from seed production units. However, the
overall incidence was little higher (12.8%) as compared to farmer seeds (11.48%). Association of Curvularia lunata, Alternaria,
Helminthsporium oryzae, Fusarium moniliformae and Aspergillus flavus was detected through standard blotter method and standard paper
towel method. Seed germination was adverselry affected due to seed discoloration problem. Seeds with less than 30% (70.0-72.3%) and more
than 50% (60.3-61.3%) seed coad area discolored had variable result as compared to healthy seeds (88.0-90.6%) where no discoloration was
present. A loss of about 26% in seed germination was noticed due to discoloration problem. Seed discoloration also adversely affected the
seed emergence as tested by standard sand and field soil test as GOT. A loss of 27.34% in seed emergence was recorded in discolored seeds
as compared to healthy seeds.
Keywords: Rice, Grain, Sowing seed, Quality
GNRSA-2020/1174
STUDY OF HETEROSIS FOR YIELD AND SOME OF ITS ASSOCIATED CHARACTERS IN LATE SOWN CONDITION IN
BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. EM. THELL)
RITU CHOUDHARY1, AND UMESH2

1 AARO, Seed Testing Laboratory, Durgapura, Jaipur
2 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DKS College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bhatapara (IGKV, Raipur)
Wheat one of the most important food crop and cereal crop remains the third most produced food grain in world a cereal crop. There is
noteworthy production in the production and productivity of wheat but still it needs much more improvement the yield and quality of wheat
as it is a staple good of more than one billion people and still the population is burgeoning. the population is burgeoning. The amount of
heterosis depends on the level of non-additive gene action and wide genetic diversity among parents. However, there are reports that in self-
pollinated crops, crosses with high magnitude of additive x additive gene action effects give better segregants. In order to study inbreeding
depression for yield and some of its associated characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) over the environments, the present
experiment was carried out performing diallel analysis following Griffing (1956) Method II Model I. Ten genetically diverse parents were
selected and crossed in half diallel fashion excluding reciprocals. These parents were evaluated along with their 45 F1’s and 45 F2’s in a
randomized block design with 3 replications. In the present experiment significant inbreeding depression was reported for different traits in
all the three environments. Even though, none of the cross displayed significant inbreeding depression in desired direction for all the
characters and in all the environments but HD 2967 X DBW 88 was found as desirable cross combination in E3 environment as it showed
desirable (significant negative) inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant and some other traits.
Keywords: wheat, late sown, heterosis
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1175
EFFECT OF PUSA HYDROGEL AND VERMI-COMPOST ON CROP AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM
AESTIVUM L.)
SUNIL KUMAR*, ADESH SINGH, R.K NARESH, U.P. SHAHI, VIVAK UJJWAL, ARVIND MALIK
SVPUAT, Meerut, UP, India
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Crop Research Centre (Chirori) of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) India to study the Effect of Pusa hydrogel and Vermi-compost on Crop and Water
Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) The soil of the experimental field was well drained, sandy loam in texture and slightly alkaline
in nature. It was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen but medium in available phosphorus and potassium. Three irrigation levels viz.,
I1 (at CRI stage), I2 (at CRI, Booting and Milking) and I3 (at CRI, Late tillering, Late jointing, Flowering and Milking stage) and 4 moisture
conservation practices (Application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg/ha, Vermi-compost @ 1t/ha, pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg/ha + Vermi-compost @
1t/ha and no application) were tested in split plot design with 3 replications. Results revealed that the growth parameters and yield attributing
characters of wheat viz., number of effective tillers/spike, spikelets/spike (41.3 and 38.9) and test weight (41.2 and 39.5g) were significantly
higher under 5 irrigation levels than 3 and 1, being lowest under I irrigation during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. The wheat receiving 5
irrigation out yielded wheat received 3 and 1 irrigation during first and second years by 7.6, 68.8 and 8.1 and 69.4%, respectively. Similarly,
wheat grown with 3 and5 irrigations produces 5.98 and 5.84 and 28.88 and 26.65q/ha higher straw yield during 2015-16 and 2016-17,
respectively. The highest total nitrogen (105.22 and 97.48 kg/ha), phosphorus (23.05 and 20.94 kg/ha) and potassium (141.96 and
138.41kg/ha) uptake was recorded with 5 irrigations followed by 3 irrigations during first and second years, respectively. The combined
application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg+ vermin-compost @ 1t/ha over no application at harvest resulted into 33.2 and 31.0 % more dry matter
production/m and 41.1 and 39.3% higher number of grains/spike during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. The highest B: C ratio (3.25 and
3.21) was recorded with 5 irrigations followed by 3 irrigations during first and second years and the highest B: C ratio (3.18 and 3.12) was
recorded with application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg+ vermi-compost @ 1t/ha, respectively. Besides, this treatment also gave highest nutrient
uptake by crop along with maintaining the soil fertility and moisture status. Thus, in wheat application of 5 kg pusa hydrogel+1 t Vermi-
compost/ha with 05 irrigations (at CRI, Late tillering, Late jointing, Flowering and Milking stage) seems to best under sandy loam soils of
North Western Plain Zones of Western Uttar Pradesh.
GNRSA-2020/1176
EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS COMPLEMENTED WITH CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON VEGETATIVE
PARAMETERS OF GLADIOLUS (GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORUS L.)
MOHIT CHAUDHARY1 AND ROHAN TOMAR2

1
Department of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.)
2
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, VCSG UUHF Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal
Authors Email – chaudhary.mohit100@gmail.com
The present investigation was conducted at HRC, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut during rabi
seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Total fourteen treatment
combinations i.e. T1: Control, T2: 300 Kg N + 200 Kg P2O5 + 200 Kg K2O/ha (RDF), T3: RDF + 25% FYM, T4: RDF + 25%
Vermicompost, T5: 75 % RDF + 25% FYM, T6: 75 % RDF + 25% Vermicompost, T7: 75 % RDF + 25% FYM + Azospirillum, T8: 75%
RDF + 25% Vermicompost + Azospirillum, T9: 75 % RDF + 25% FYM + Azospirillum + PSB, T10: 75 % RDF + 25% Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB, T11: RDF + ZnSO4 (0.3%), T12: RDF + FeSO4 (0.4%), T13: RDF + ZnSO4 + Azotobacter + PSB, T14: RDF + FeSO4 +
Azotobacter + PSB and they were tried to access the vegetative parameters of gladiolus. Out of these, treatment T10: (75 % RDF + 25%
Vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB) was observed as the most superior treatment in terms of minimum days taken to 50% sprouting, plant
height (cm), number of leaves per plant, length of longest leaf (cm), width of longest leaf (cm). Hence, an application of T 10: 75 % RDF +
25% Vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB can be suggested to get a higher yield in gladiolus.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1177
BIOFERTILIZATION OF PAPAYA: RECENT RESEARCH AND RECOMMENDATIONS
M. S. RATHI, S. K. SINGH, J. SINGH, A. K. SHARMA, ANUPAM TIWARI

Department of Horticulture, Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat-250611
Fertilizers supply essential plant nutrients and increase the yield of the papaya. The preferences of fruit production and consumption shift
towards the use of the fruit grown without or less use of any chemical due to harmful effects of chemicals on human health and environment.
In recent years, biofertilizers have emerged as an important component for supplementation of plant nutrient. They are economically
attractive and ecologically sound inoculants for providing nutrient to the plants. Biofertilizers have good potential as nutrient supplement due
to its low cost for papaya production.
Key words: Plant Nutrient, Biofertilizer, Papaya Production
GNRSA-2020/1178
PERSPECTIVES OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE.
A. AKHIL REDDY*, M. RAMESH2, K. GREESHMA3 AND P. ASHWINI4
1)
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Seed Science and Technology, SRTC, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500030.
2)
Assistant Professor, Department of Seed Science and Technology, SRTC, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500030.
3)
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500030.
4)
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agricultural Economics, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500030.
*
Corresponding author: akhilreddy9119@gmail.com
Conservation practices have clearly shown advantages in improving soil, water and air quality as well as reducing costs of operations.
Conservation of natural resources is the base for a long-term sustainability of agricultural and natural ecosystems. Conservation Agriculture is
not just conservation tillage, but a series of land management practices that include crop residues retention, Cover crops, appropriate cropping
system rotation, integrated pest management able to minimize land degradation. Because of the complexity associated with natural and
agricultural ecosystems, a land management practice found to be sustainable at one site might not be equally sustainable at another site.
Agricultural production systems are inherently variable due to spatial variation in soil properties, topography and climate. To achieve the
ultimate goal of sustainable cropping systems, variability must be considered both in space and time because the factors influencing crop
yield have different spatial and temporal behavior. Advances in technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic
Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing and simulation modeling have created the possibility to assess the spatial and temporal variability
present in the field and manage it with appropriate site-specific practices. Such approach is commonly called Precision Agriculture or site-
specific crop and soil management.. Examples of Precision Agriculture application through the integration of various techniques are
presented to show the potential benefits of site-specific management of natural resources. Further perspectives are also discussed to link
Precision Agriculture to Conservation Agriculture for a mosaic agriculture.
Keywords: Natural resources conservation, yield variability, simulation models, mosaic agriculture.
GNRSA-2020/1179
EFFECTIVE SMART FARMING WITH TECHNOLOGY THINGS
ANKIT KUMAR*, RAM PRAKASH*,, RAHUL SHARMA,R.K.ARYAN,

Department of Agronomy* and Department of Agricultural Meteorology
A.N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224229 (U.P.) India
Email: Jayant50ak@gmail.com
It is believed that the application of smart farming and related technologies such as internet of things(IOT), precision farming, robotics and
software for farm management and decision making (Smart Farming Technologies, SFTs) will bring many benefits, including more efficient
use of inputs and a reduced impact on the environment (“more with less”). The goal of smart farming is to meet the food requirement in
future of all human being. We inventoried SFTs that are available commercially by surveying manufacturers, providers of equipment and
services, and agricultural consultants. Each SFT was described in terms of where it can be applied (which crops or cropping systems,
geography, farm size, crop production stage), what benefits it is expected to bring (e.g. increased productivity, increased profitability, and
how readily it might be expected to be adopted. Commercially available SFTs often target larger farms, while SFTs investigated in applied
research projects are applicable on smaller farms as well as larger farms. Food production must be increase by 70% in the year 2050 in order
to meet our estimated world population of 9.8 billion people. Land usage has mostly reached its limit – by now, it’s clear that the key is not
using more land; it’s how we grow our crops that have to change. Smart farming has become not only an option for the future, it’s becoming
a necessity. So the main aim of smart agriculture is to obtain maximum production per unit area and per unit time.
Key word: Technology, software, Production, Agriculture
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1180
EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PRODUCTION OF RICE IN FUTURE
RAGHVENDRA KUMAR ARYAN1, RAHUL SHARMA2, PURUSHATH KATIYAR2, ANKIT KUMAR3

Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Meteorology1
M. Sc (Ag), Department of Agricultural Meteorology2
Research Scholar, Department of Agronomy3 A.N.D.U.A. &T. Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224 229 (U.P.) India.
Email: rkaryan1217@gmail.com
Agricultural production is already facing uncertainty due to increasing regional variation in rainfall and temperature in India. India climate
change will reduce the overall rice yield by 3 to 5% under medium emission scenario and 3.5 to 10% under high emission scenario. As rice
area will increase only marginally (0.4%) in the future, future rice production will be in effluence mainly by future rice yield in different
region. Compared to current rice production of 107 MT in India, future rice production due to climate change with medium emission is
projected to be 104 MT during mid century (2021-2050) and 101 MT during end century (2071-2100). With high emission scenario, rice
production during mid and century will be 103 MT and 96 MT respectively. Among the rice producing region, southern and eastern regions
after more scope to increase future rice production. In other regions, Stabilizing the current rice production is warranted.
Key words: Climate change, emission, Century
GNRSA-2020/1181
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION OF CUSTARD APPLE (ANNONA
SQUAMOSA L.)
DEEKSHA1 AND RAJESH JATAV2

1
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Srinagar, India
2
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Sciendiya Krishi Vishwa Vidhalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh,
India.
The present investigation was conducted at vegetable and farm research station, Maharajpur. Department of horticulture, college of
Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during the year 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in Asymmetrical Factorial Randomized Block
Design with 54 treatment combinations replicated thrice, comprising of three factors i.e. cow urine, soaked duration and PGPR. The
observations on seed germination (viz. Days taken to first germination and days taken to 50 % germination,% of germination at 30 and 60
DAS, speed of germination, coefficient velocity of germination), were recorded. The result of the investigation revealed that there were
significant variations in germination of custard apple due to different cow urine concentrations with soaked duration and PGPR inoculation
and interaction of three factors. amongst the different cow urine concentration G1(20%) recorded earliest germination (22.3 days), 50 %
germination (40.2 days) % of germination at 30 days ( 43.5 %), percent of germination at 60 days ( 70.4 %), whereas S1 contributed to
minimum days (22.3) to taken start germination, 50% germination (43.6days) and % of germination at 30 days (43.5%). At 60 days (61.3%).
Growing media (PGPR), Contribute to early germination days taken to start germination, days taken to 50% germination, % of germination at
30 days% of germination at 60 days were better in 6% growing media under P3. among the three factors cow urine was superior in respect to
germination parameters. Speed of germination (0.68 seed/ day), coefficient velocity of germination (2.61) were maximum under G1P3
treatment combination. The interaction between cow urine and soaked duration was superior among all the interaction Speed of germination,
coefficient velocity of germination, were recorded under G1S1 treatment combination. Interaction among three factors was non-significant the
parameters, days taken to 50% germination, speed of germination, coefficient velocity of germination energy interception.
GNRSA-2020/1182
STRATEGIES FOR DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME THROUGH HORTICULTURE BASED INTERVENTIONS IN BAGHPAT
DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH
ANUPAM TIWARI, JOGINDER SINGH, SAURABH KUMAR SINGH, A.K SHARMA, M.S. RATHI
Department of Horticulture, Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh- 250 611
District Baghpat, a western district of the state of Uttar Pradesh lies between latitude 28˚ 47' 00" and 29˚ 18' 00" north and longitude 77˚ 07'
30" and 77˚ 30' 00" east and forms a part of Yamuna Hindon doab covering an area of 1321 square kilometer. Total geographical area of
district is 1,32,100 ha out of which 1,09,000 ha area used for cultivation of various crops mainly cereals and sugarcane. About 87.6% farmers
of the district come under the small and marginal farmer group and they have 52.2% of total cultivated area. In Baghpat district 44.4% area of
total cultivated land under cash crops with 159% cropping intensity. This district reputed for cultivation of sugarcane in India and about
76,047 ha area is used for growing of sugarcane. Most of the small and marginal sugarcane farmers under debt due to high cost of cultivation
wwww
and low land holdings which are not feasible for mechanization. Geographical location, soil type, well organized transportation and
marketing facilities make district feasible for growing of high value horticultural crops. To increase the income with horticultural crop, there
is need to adopt the horticulture based interventions with strategic action plans e.g. establishment of hi-tech horticulture nurseries,
commercial production of medicinal, aromatic and spices, protected cultivation of vegetables and flowers, growing of high value tissue
cultured banana and strawberries and adaptation of resource conservation technologies. Diversification of agriculture with horticultural crops
offer food and nutrition security, income growth, diversification of sources of income, poverty alleviation, employment generation, judicious
use of land and water resources, sustainable agricultural development, and environmental improvement in the district.
GNRSA-2020/1183
PROBIOTIC INTERVENTIONS FOR RESTORATION AND PHYTOREMEDIATION OF DEGRADED FOREST AREA
KUMUD DUBEY
Forest Research Centre for Eco-Rehabilitation, Prayagraj
3/1 Lajpatrai Road, New Katra, Prayagraj, India
dkumud@yahoo.com
In present scenario, forest is being degraded due to over exploitation and mismanagement which is severely affecting its productivity. It has
changed characteristics of a forest i.e. growing stock and biomass, carbon stock, biodiversity, soils, and aesthetic values which declined its
quality and services. One of the major reasons of this degradation is soil deprivation in different essential nutrients and soil micro flora. These
conditions cannot be overlooked and may be overcome through probiotic intervention. Probiotics are considered as a sustainable and eco
friendly method to augment the soil through activation of different biological nutrient cycle. Probiotic treatments maintain the floral growth
and diversity. These probiotics also benefit the flora health by influencing the essential nutrient availability, releasing plant growth regulators,
and providing resistance against pathogens, thereby enhancing the productivity of an ecosystem. Probiotic interventions, in agro-forestry and
forestry, are to be opted to restore and phytoremediate the degraded sites. It also enhance the productivity in a sustainable manner. This
intervention may deal with both the soil and agroecosystems, simultaneously, and may play a major role in resolving worldwide challenges of
food, fodder, and fuel requirement for the twenty-first century including the afforestation of our degraded forests to achieve the target of
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in developing countries. It may also be helpful in the efforts under
Bonn Challenge for restoring the deforested and degraded and to mitigate the impacts of climate change.
Key words: Probiotic, Forest Ecosystem, Productivity, Nutrient cycling, Forest Degradation
GNRSA-2020/1184
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF MUNGBEAN (WILCZEK) (VIGNA
RADIATA L.)
NARENDRA PRATAP VERMA

Department of Crop Physiology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj , Ayodhya-224229 (UP)
A Pot experiment was carried out entitled “Effect of foliar application of Zinc on growth and yield of Mungbean” (wilczek) (Vigna radiata
L.) during Kharif season 2018 in the wire net house in pot in the Department of Crop Physiology, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture &
Technology, Kanpur. The experiment consisted 4 treatments viz. T1: Control, T2: Zn @ 50ppm, T3: Zn @ 100ppm, T4: Zn @ 150ppm
assigned in CRD with five replication during kharif season of 2018. The mungbean cv Samrat was used in the experiment. The soil of the
experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, medium in fertility and slightly alkaline in reaction. The weather during the experimental period
was by and large normal and devoid of any extreme conditions. In this experiment the chlorophyll intensity obserb at defferent growth stages
25 DAS, 50 DAS & at Maturity as shown. At 25 DAS treatment Zn @ 150 ppm was found to be maximum chlorophyll intensity (51.97)
statistically superior and at par to treatment, Zn @ 100 ppm, followed by Zn @ 50 ppm. Minimum chlorophyll intensity was obtained in
control (41.46). At 50 DAS treatment Zn @ 150 ppm was found to be maximum chlorophyll intensity (53.40) statistically superior and at par
to treatment Zn @ 100 ppm followed by Zn @ 50 ppm. Minimum chlorophyll intensity was obtained in control (43.02). At Maturity
treatment Zn @ 150 ppm was found to be maximum chlorophyll intensity (54.77) statistically superior and at par to treatment Zn @ 100ppm
followed by Zn @ 50 ppm. Minimum chlorophyll intensity was obtained in control (44.12).
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1185
EFFECT OF HERBICIDE COMBINATIONS ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPLANTED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
PRADEEP KUMAR KANAUJIYA1, R.S. SINGH2, PRITHVI RAJ3, PANKAJ KUMAR4, KAIROVIN LAKRA5
1
Ph.D. scholar Agronomy, A.N.D.U. of Agriculture &Tech. Ayodhya UP.-224229.
2
Assitant Prof. Deptt. Agronomy, A.N.D.U. of Agriculture &Tech. Ayodhya UP.-224229.
3
Ph.D. scholar Agronomy, Bihar Agricultural University Sabour Bhagalpur Bihar-813210.
4,5
Ph.D. scholar Agronomy, C.S.A.U. of Agriculture &Tech. Kanpur UP.-208002.
Author’s email: pradeepkanaujiya5@gmail.com
A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad during
the Kharif season of 2017-18 to access the “Effect of herbicide combinations on weed management in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)’’.
The experiment was conducted with Randomized Block Design and replicated three times. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments.
The herbicides were used individually and in combinations viz., Butachlor, Pretilachlor, Bispyribac-Na and Almix were used in the study
area. Results revealed that the total weed population and their dry weight and weed index were lowest in T7 -Pretilachlor fb Bispyribac-Na @
750g/ 25 g ha-1 (2/25 DAT). While weed control efficiency is highest in T7 -Pretilachlor fb Bispyribac-Na 750g/ 25 g ha-1 (2/25
DAT).Therefore growth, yield attributes, yields and quality increased significantly under T 7 -Pretilachlor fb Bispyribac-Na @ 750g/ 25 g ha-1
(2/25 DAT). The growth characters like initial plant population (m -2), plant height (cm), leaf area index, number of shoots m -2, dry matter
accumulation (g m-2), days taken to 50% panicle emergence, days taken to maturity and yield and yield attributes like number of effective
shoots m-2, length of panicle (cm), number of grain panicle-1 , test weight (g), Grain yield q ha-1), and harvest index were significantly higher
with T7 during course of investigation.
GNRSA-2020/1186
EFFECT OF MOISTURE REGIMES UNDER DIFFERENT CROP GROWING ENVIRONMENT ON YIELD OF RABI MAIZE
(ZEA MAYS L.)
PURUSHATH KATIYAR *, R.K. ARYAN AND RAHUL SHARMA, R. K. KUSHWAHA

Department of Agricultural Meteorology, A.N.D.U.A. &T. Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224 229 (U.P.) India.
Email*:- Purusharth659@gmail.com
Maize (Zea mays L.) belongs to family poaceae in one of the most important crop in the world after wheat and rice. Maize is called ‘queen of
cereal’ as it grown throughout year due to its phtothermo - in sensitive character and highest genetic yield among the cereal. Being a C4 plant,
it is very afficient in converting Solar energy in to dry matter. The experiment comprised of nine treatment combinations and conducted in
split plot design and replicate a four time. Experiment consisted of tree crop growing environment viz. 60 X 20cm. spacing. 60 X 25cm and
60 X 30cm spacing were kept in main plots with three moisture regimes viz. 0.6/W/CPE ration, 0.9/W/CPE ration and 1.2 /W/CPE ration
were kept in sup plot. Among moisture regime 102/W/ CPE ration recorded higher days taken from sowing to maturity regimes of
1.2/W/CPE ration was found suitable for higher growth and yield of Rabi maize. Crop growing environment of 60 20cm spacing and
moisture regimes of 1.2/W/CPE ration recorded higher heat use efficiency from sowing to maturity of rabi maize.
Key words: Moisture regime, Solar energy, environment, CPE, afficient.
GNRSA-2020/1187
ROLE OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CROP MODELING
RAHUL SHARMA1*, A. N. MISHRA1, R. K. ARYAN1, ANKIT KUMAR2, R. K. KUSHWAHA1,

1
Dept. of Agricultural meteorology ANDUAT kumarganj Ayodhya, 224229 U.P.
2
Research Scholar, Department of Agronomy
*Corresponding author’s email: rs0100820@gmail.com
The application of crop models to study the potential impact of climate change and climate variability provides a direct link between models,
agro meteorology and the concerns of the society. As climate change deals with future issue, the use of General Circulation Models (GCM)
and crop simulation models proves a more scientific approach to study the impact of climate change on agriculture production and world food
security compared to surveys. It is worth trying the outputs from the GCMs to modify the weather data useful for crop modeling. The GCMs
are trying various approaches to provide future climate conditions both in absolute and relative terms. Several GCMs developed by different
climate groups have several limitations. The common reason for this variation among them is large spatial scale. Crop grow (DSSAT) is one
of the first packages that modified weather simulation generators or introduced a package to evaluate the performance of models for climate
change situations. Irrespective of the limitations of GCMs it would be in the larger interest of farming community of the world that these
wwww
DSSAT modelers look at GCMs for more accurate and acceptable weather generators for use in models. This will help in finding solutions to
crop production under climate change conditions. The connection of the Southern Oscillation episodes with EL- Nino and their impact on
agriculture production will assume significance in near future. This is needed to present optimum scenarios to farmers to provide them with
various options to adopt their crop management regime for the current growing season. The associated and anticipated problem in decision
making may bring the DSSAT modelers and GCMs much closer.
Key words: Climate change, Southern Oscillation, EL- Nino, (GCM), (CSM), (DSSAT)
GNRSA-2020/1188
IMPACT OF EL-NINO ON RAINFALL VARIABILITY AND THERMAL REGIME OF EASTERN PLAIN ZONE OF UTTAR
PRADESH
RAKESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA, RAHUL SHARMA, R.K. ARYAN

Department of Agricultural Meteorology, A.N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj 224229, Ayodhya U.P.
*Corresponding author email: rakesh.pk9695@gmail.com
El Nino events are large climate disturbances which are originated in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and occur in every 2 to 8 years. The
developed phase of El Nino is characterized by unusual warm waters at the ocean surface, from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the center
of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon is caused by strange weakening of the trade winds blowing westward, which allows warm
surface waters to reverse their direction eastward..Monthly rainfall and temperature data of the long term 1981 to 2017 of Eastern Plain Zone
of U.P. were collected. The strength of El-Nino years was categorized as weak, moderate, and strong based on collected rainfall data. The
average productivity of food grain crops, pulses, and oilseeds were found to be less in almost all districts. The average area, production, and
productivity of crops were found to decrease during El-Nino years. As the South-West monsoon rainfall and annual rainfall are likely to less
than normal in the region.
Keywords: El-Nino, Rainfall, Temperature, Productivity, Major Crops.
GNRSA-2020/1189
STUDY OF ASSETS STRUCTURE, CROPPING PATTERN AND CROPPING INTENSITY IN LAKHIMPUR KHERI DISTRICT
OF U.P.
RIYAZ AHMAD, VIKAS SINGH SENGAR AND K. K. SINGH

Department of Agricultural Economics, A.N.D.U.A.&T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.)
E-mail: riyazahmad9551@gmail.com
Pea is an important crop with a view of food and nutritional value and also income and employment generation ability, possibility to raise the
cropping intensity due to its nature of best fit with food grain production system. Keeping in view the importance of the pea a study on An
Economic study of farm structure, cropping pattern and cropping intensity of pea farms in Lakhimpur Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh was
specifically carried out. District Lakhimpur Kheri was purposively selected and one block, namely, Lakhimpur having highest acreage under
pea was selected purposively for the study, a List of the villages of selected block was prepared along with acreage under pea cultivation and
10 villages were selected randomly for study. Ultimately 100 respondents were selected following proportionate random sampling. Finally 45
marginal (below 1 ha), 35 small (1-2 ha) and 20 medium (2-4 ha & above). The data were collected by personal interview with the help of
pre-structured schedule. The period of enquiry pertain to the agricultural year 2018-19. The average size of holding of marginal, small, and
medium, farms were found 0.63, 1.40, and 3.05 hectares, respectively with an overall average size of land holding was estimated at 1.38
hectare. Overall per farm investment was observed Rs. 211802.39 and per hectare investment Rs. 190781.70 in the study area. Per farm
investment revealed direct relationship with the farm size while per hectare investment gives in direct relationship with the farm size. Paddy,
wheat and maize were the major crops of kharif, rabi and zaid season, respectively. The overall average cropping intensity on sample farms
observed 215.71 per cent. Cropping intensity was found highest on marginal farms 220.63 per cent followed by small 216.35 per cent and
medium 211.53 per cent, respectively. Cropping intensity was inversely related with farm size. Investment per farm and per hectare on
building and livestock were inversely related with farm size.
Key words: Respondents, Pea, Cropping intensity, Cropping Pattern
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1190
SELECTIVE NON CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SNCR) TECHNOLOGY FOR NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSION
CONTROL IN HEIDELBERG CEMENT INDIA LIMITED, NARSINGARH, DAMOH AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
SANDEEP KUMAR TIWARI 1, MAHENDRA KUMAR TIWARI 2,

1. Department of Environmental Science, AKS University, Satna (M.P.)
Email: sandeeptiwari188@gmail.com
Some of the Indian Industries has installed Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) technology at their Cement plant to reduce the
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emission during cement manufacturing. Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for NOx emission reduction in
which, Ammonia solution (25% Ammonium Hydroxide) or Urea is required at Pre-Heater or Pre-calciner in a range of temperature 870-
1090oC on which Ammonia (NH3) gas is generating which is highly reactive with NOx and converting it into Nitrogen gas (N2).
Subsequently, Aqua Ammonia Solution is being transported by Road from Ammonia manufacturer unit to Cement plants therefore, some of
the quantity of NOx is generating during manufacturing and transportation of Ammonium Hydroxide. However, on one hand SNCR is
installing for NOx emission control on another hand NOx is also generating during manufacturing and transportation of Aqua. It has been
observed that during manufacturing of Ammonia and transportation of Aqua Ammonia Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) generation is very less than
compare to amount of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) reduce by using of Aqua Ammonia by SNCR in Cement Industry.
Keywords: Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), Pet coke, Ammonia, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Aqua Ammonia etc..
GNRSA-2020/1191
IMPACT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF BROCCOLI (BRASSICA
OLERACEA L. VAR. ITALICA) IN LIGHT TEXTURED SOIL OF WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH
VIVEK UJJWAL, MANOJ KUMAR, SUNIL MALIK, R.K. NARESH, MUKESH KUMAR AND PAVITRA DEV
Department of Horticulture, S.V.P University of Ag. & Tech., Meerut 250 110 (U.P)
Integrated nutrient management is a promising method and practice of increasing yield with quality produce and sustaining soil and
environmental health. Keeping this view in the mind, a field experiment was carried out to determine the ‘Effect of integrated nutrient
management on vegetative growth of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) in light textured soil of western Uttar Pradesh’ at
Horticulture Research Center, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut during Rabi seasons of 2016-17 and
2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The soil of the experimental field was sandy
loam in texture. In the experimental study all variables parameters regarding vegetative growth were significantly influenced by different
combinations of organic and inorganic manures and biofertilizers. Results revealed that the maximum vegetative growth viz., plant height
(63.01 cm), plant spread (north-south) (58.57 cm), plant spread (east-west) (55.39 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (18.62), leaf length (49.97
cm), width of leaf (19.04 cm), leaf area (377.83 cm2) stalk length (23.28 cm) and stalk diameter (45.49 mm) were recorded under the
treatment RDF + Vermicompost + PSB + Azospirillum. So, on the basis of two years experimental findings, it is cleared that a judicious
combination of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers significantly influenced vegetative growth of broccoli.
GNRSA-2020/1191
RUNOFF-SEDIMENT MODELLING USING SOIL AND WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL (SWAT)
BHAGWAT SARAN1 AND ANIL KUMAR2

1
Research Scholar, Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, College of Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of
Agricultural and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
2
Professor, Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, College of Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agricultural
and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
Corresponding Author Email: saran.bhagwat007@gmail.com
The urbanization is related to hydrological modelling and directly affects the runoff and sediment yield of the watershed. The soil and water
assessment tool (SWAT) has been selected to test its applicability in Naula himalayan watershed of Uttarakhand, India. This model is
physically based, continuous time scale and decision makers to find out the most effective decision support option for planning and operation
of water resources while considering the interactions of physical, ecological, economic, and social aspect of real world system. In this study,
the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been used to modeling the watershed based runoff and sediment yield of Naula
watershed. Runoff and sediment data using from 1980 to 2012, the data from 1980 to 1992 was used for calibration and remaining data from
2000 to 2012 used for validation. The SWAT generally performs well and could accurately simulate monthly runoff and sediment yield. The
wwww
simulated monthly runoff matched the observed values satisfactorily, with acceptable range of Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency, coefficient of
determination of Naula watershed during calibration.
GNRSA-2020/1191
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVEL AND TIME OF APPLICATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON ECONOMICS OF RICE
KAVINDER1*, MANGAT RAM1, V.S. HOODA1, HARENDER1, DEV RAJ2 AND AKSHIT1
1
Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004
2
Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004
*Corresponding E-mail: tanwarkavinder@gmail.com
Application of N fertilizer either in excess or less than the optimum dose affects both yield and quality of rice to considerable extent and
hence proper N management is of immense importance. The optimum schedule of N fertilizer and transplanting dates are crucial factors for
the productivity of rice. By keeping these points in mind afield experiment was conducted at Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal), India
during kharif season of the years 2017 and 2018 with the objective to study the effect of nitrogen application schedule on economics of rice.
The treatments consisted of four levels of N fertilizer (N1: 90, N2: 120, N3: 150, N4: 180 kg/ha) and four schedules of N fertilizer application
(T1: ½ at transplanting + ½ at 21 DAT, T2: ½ at 21 DAT + ½ at 42 DAT, T3: 1/3at transplanting + 1/3 at 21 DAT + 1/3 at 42 DAT and T 4:
LCC based) laid out in split-plot design. Higher gross returns, Return over variable cost and B: C were affected by the level and time of
fertilizer application. The gross as well as the net returns and B: C ratio increased with increase in N application levels up to 150 or 180 kg
N/ha. this might be due to increase in crop yield. Application of N in three equal splits (0, 21 and 42 DAT (T3) or as per LCC schedule (T4)
recorded the highest returns and B: C ratio.
GNRSA-2020/1192
MODELLING RAINFALL-RUNOFF USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES (SVMs) FOR HARIPURA AND BAUR DAMS
UTTARAKHAND.
DUMKA BASANT BALLABH 1, KUMAR PRAVENDRA 2

1
Department of soil and water conservation engineering, College of Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of soil and water conservation engineering, College of Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
E-mail id: dumkabasant@gmail.com
The main objective of this study was to develop abest model between rainfall and runoff using support vector machinesfor Haripura and Baur
damsat U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand). A comparative study between two dams is helpful in verifying the models. This study deals with the
location and climate of study area, collection of daily rainfall and corresponding runoff data and methodology adopted for rainfall-runoff
modelling.In this studycriteria for evaluating performanceto select a best performance model with some quantitative values various statistical
such as correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square error (RMSE) and hydrological parameters such as Nash-Sutcliff coefficient of
efficiency (NSCE) and pooled average relative error (PARE) were used.On the basis of above parameters it can be concluded that SVMs
models give satisfactory results for both Haripura and Baurdams.
Key Words: Support vector machines (SVMs), Nash Shutcliff coefficient of efficiency (NSCE), pooled average relative error (PARE).
GNRSA-2020/1193
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF
SWEET CORN (ZEA MAYS SACCHARATA) UNDER NORTHERN HILL ZONE OF CHHATTISGARH
ANJALI PATEL1, ROHIT KUMAR MISHRA1, SAKINA BEGAM2 AND KAILASH VISHAL3
1
Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur- 492012 (Chhattisgargh)
2
Department of Plant Physiology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur- 492012 (Chhattisgargh)
3
Department of Plant Pathology, Javaharlal Neharu Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur- 482004 (Madhya Pradesh)
Email ID: patelanjali358@gmail.com
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nutrient management practices on the growth and yield performance of
sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata) under Northern Hill Zone of Chhattisgarh during kharif 2019. The experiment was laid out in a
randomized block design with seven treatments replicated trice viz, 50% RDF (T1), 75% RDF (T2), 100% RDF (T3), 50% RDF +
vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1 (T4), 75% RDF + vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1 (T5), 50% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (T6) and 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1
wwww
(T7) where, RDF was 120:60:40 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Maximum growth attributes viz., plant height (259.8 cm), LAI (3.92), Dry matter
production (161.98 g plant-1), CGR (63.96 day-1 m-2), yield attributes viz., cob length (18.9 cm), cob girth (16.3 cm), no. of kernel rows cob-1
(15.13), no. of kernels row-1 (37), green cob yield (17228.45 kg ha-1) and green fodder yield (2104045 kg ha-1) were recorded with application
of 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizers, which was on par with the application of 75% RDF along with vermicompost @ 3 t ha -1 and 75%
RDF along with FYM @ 5 t ha-1 but significantly superior over other treatments.
Key words: Sweet corn, Vermicompost, Farm Yard Manure.
GNRSA-2020/1194
TO STUDY ABOUT FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF HONEY BEE ON CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM
SATIVUM) AMONG IT'S CORRELATION WITH WHETHER PARAMETERS
P.K. BHAGAT1, G.P. PAINKRA2, SACHIN KUMAR JAISWAL3 AND VINOD PRAJAPATI4
1,2,3,4,
IGKV, Department of Entomology, Raj Mohini Devi College of Agriculture and Research station Ambikapur- 497001 Chhattisgarh,
India
Bees need pollen for their maintenance and development. Maize tassels (Zea mays L.) produce large amounts of Coriander (Coriandrum
sativum) produce large amounts of nectar and pollen, which are visited by several bee species. Bees need nectar and pollen for their
maintenance and development. This experiment was conducted in Raj Mohini Devi College of Agriculture and Research station, Ambikapur
(Chhattisgarh) in 2020-2021 with the objective to evaluate the factors affecting the foraging behavior of bees in Coriander. The frequency of
visitations of bees to collect pollen was obtained by counting in the first five minutes each time, from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm. We have found the
prevalence of Italian honey bees (Apis mellifera) and Apis cerena indica visiting the Coriander flowers preferably between 8:00 am and 5:00
pm exclusively for pollen collection.
Keywords: Coriander, foraging behavior, Apis mellifera, Apis cerena indica and Apis dorsata.
GNRSA-2020/1195
MANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA) THROUGH ORGANIC AMENDMENTS AND
BIO-AGENTS ON OKRA
H. R. GURJAR, S. P. BISHNOI & VISHNU GURJAR

Rajasthan Agricultural Research Station (SKNAU-Jobner) Durgapura-Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Email: hrg.nematology@sknau.ac.in, hemrajmpuat@gmail.com
The research trial experiment was carried out during Kharif Season-2019 at Agricultural Research Station (ARS) Navgaon-Alwar Rajasthan
on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). In this research trial applied Paecilomyces lilacinus @ 0.5 and 1.0 g/ m2 area, Mustard cake @ 10 and 20
g/m2 Neem cake 10 and 20 g/m2 area, combination of Paecilomyces lilacinus @ 0.5 + Mustard cake @ 10 g/ m2 and second combination of
Paecilomyces lilacinus @ 0.5 + Neem cake 10 g/m2 area. Untreated check also maintained every treatment replicated three times with
statistical design RBD. Result findings of this research trial was found best combination of Paecilomyces lilacinus 0.5 g + Neem cake @ 10g/
m2 area in soil treatment was found best fungal bio-agent and organic amendment (oil cake) for the management of Root-knot nematode.
This combination decreases the nematode population. Minimum nematode population was observed (196.667 Larvae) per 200 cc soil and
(373.000 Larvae) Final Nematode Population in Soil + Roots. Increase Okra yield significantly. Highest Okra yield was recorded (150 Q/ha).
Key Words: Bio-agents, Organic amendment, Oil cakes Meloidogyne incognita, and Okra.
GNRSA-2020/1196
STUDY OF HETEROSIS FOR YIELD AND SOME OF ITS ASSOCIATED CHARACTERS INLATE SOWN CONDITION IN
BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. EM. THELL)
RITU CHOUDHARY1 AND UMESH2

1 AARO, Seed Testing Laboratory, Durgapura, Jaipur
2 Assistant Professor, DKS College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bhatapara (IGKV, Raipur)
Wheat one of the most important food crop and cereal crop remains the third most produced food grain in world a cereal crop. There is
noteworthy production in the production and productivity of wheat but still it needs much more improvement the yield and quality of wheat
as it is a staple good of more than one billion people and still the population is burgeoning. the population is burgeoning. The amount of
heterosis depends on the level of non-additive gene action and wide genetic diversity among parents. However, there are reports that in self-
pollinated crops, crosses with high magnitude of additive x additive gene action effects give better segregants. In order to study inbreeding
depression for yield and some of its associated characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) over the environments, the present
experiment was carried out performing diallel analysis following Griffing (1956) Method II Model I. Ten genetically diverse parents were
wwww
selected and crossed in half diallel fashion excluding reciprocals. These parents were evaluated along with their 45 F1’s and 45 F2’s in a
randomized block design with 3 replications. In the present experiment significant inbreeding depression was reported for different traits in
all the three environments. Even though, none of the cross displayed significant inbreeding depression in desired direction for all the
characters and in all the environments but HD 2967 X DBW 88 was found as desirable cross combination in E3 environment as it showed
desirable (significant negative) inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant and some other traits.
Keywords: wheat, late sown, heterosis
GNRSA-2020/1197
AN APPRAISAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SECTOR
MADHURI MISHRA1, NAVEEN KUMAR GAUTAM2*, YAMINI S3, AMAN RATHAUR3

1
Department of Agriculture Extension Education, Bhagwant University, Ajmer
2
Department of Agriculture Extension Education, C.S.A. University of Ag. & Tech. Kanpur
3
Department of Dairy Science & Food Technology,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Extension of knowledge, technology and service through extension education to the grass root level is of paramount importance for the
growth of the livestock sector. The XI Plan document of Planning Commission has highlighted the importance of livestock extension, while
addressing the various issues concerning livestock extension delivery system and it has also been written in the report of the working group
on animal husbandry and dairying 12th five year plan (2012-17) submitted to planning commission government of India. Unfortunately,
extension education is almost totally absent in animal husbandry, and special efforts need to be made in this area. Both Central and State
Government agencies have kept extension education at a low priority as hardly 1% of the total budget for the sector is allocated for extension
activities. To cater to the diverse needs of livestock farmers, among others an efficient livestock extension education system is required. This
situation was analyzed towards improving the framework of extension education for livestock production.In some states, there is a
publicity and extension wing at state headquarters, often with few extension officers, negligible equipments and very small budget for
extension (0.03% to 9% of total budget of department), which is responsible for publication of literatures in local languages, conducting
training programme, organizing demonstrations, health camps/ melas/ fairs, exhibitions and training.
Keywords: extension education, Investment, livestock production and State Departments ofAnimal Husbandry
GNRSA-2020/1198
PLANT DIVERSIFICATION EFFECTS ON APHIDS POPULATION IN CABBAGE CROPPING SYSTEM
NAVYA MATCHA, M N REDDY*, SHAH NIVEDITA AND A K BHOWMICK

Dept. of Entomology, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur -482 004
*Dept of plant health management, NIPHM, Hyderabad – 500 030
Corresponding email: navyamatcha915@gmail.com
The effects of vegetative diversification in ephemeral cropping habitats on pest and natural enemy population were commonly evaluated on
cruciferous crops. Trap cropping is a type of special companion planting strategy that is traditionally used for pest management through
vegetative diversification used to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an alternative
preferred choice. An advantage of trap cropping over an artificially released natural enemy-based biological control could be an attractive
remedy for natural enemies in cropping systems. Besides, many trap crop species can conserve natural enemies. Cabbage is one of the most
important and nutritious crucifers and it is most common winter vegetable crop in India. This study was conducted in experimental field of
NIPHM, Hyderabad during rabi in 2016. The study comprised of using mustard as trap crop commonly in the entire crop but repellent crops
i.e coriander and carrot were used. This companion cropping strategy was planned in the management against aphids in cabbage crop and
also the effect on natural enemies incidence. The results delved that the plot with coriander as companion crop and mustard as trap crop
showed least incidence of aphids (45.34 aphids/ plant). While the natural enemy population was high (syrphids 14.33, coccinellids 23.13,
chrysoperla 9). The trap crop alone with mustard showed higher population than the other diversified plots where aphid population was
higher (120 aphids/plant) whereas cabbage plot without any companion or trap crop showed the highest aphid population (324.33
aphids/plant) and low natural enemy population.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1199
IMPACTS OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY, FARM PROFITABILITY, QUALITY OF PRODUCE
AND ENVIRONMENT
B. R. KURI1, S. K. CHOUDHARY2 AND S. D. BAMBORIYA3

1
CAZRI-KVK, Pali, Rajasthan-306401
2
3
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Maulasar-341506 Nagaur, Rajasthan
The intensive system of farming is becoming unsustainable as evidenced bydeclining crop and factor productivity, the occurrence of multi-
nutrient deficiencies and overall decline in the productive capacity of soil due to imbalanced use of fertilizers and damage to environment and
increasing chemical contaminations etc. There is a need of an alternative agriculture method which can help to develop an eco-friendly
system while sustaining and increasing the crop productivity. Organic farming is recognized as the best known alternative to the modern
intensive agriculture which is a holistic production management system, avoiding or minimizing the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and
antibiotics and promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles and biological activities. Area under
such farming is increasing in India and abroad over the years. But, major weaknesses of organic agriculture in the country are poor linkages
between the farmers and markets and absence of financial support from the governments. An appropriate national agriculture policy is
required that give a prominent place to organic farming addressing the issues related to its coverage, financial support, creation of linkages
among the farmers, marketing agencies and consumers. One of the biggest outcomes of organic farming is healthy soil that is alive with
beneficial organisms. They instead rely on biological pest control and specific soil management techniques, such as crop rotations, winter
break and catch crop, green manures, crop residue management and manuring, to control plant diseases and pests, maintain soil fertility and
improve physical soil properties. Organic farming practices aim to increase sustainability by reducing pesticide residues on crops, improving
biodiversity in the soil, avoiding leaching losses and runoff and reducing soil erosion by enhancing soil structure.
Key words: Productivity, organic farming, biological, ecosystem, biodiversity
GNRSA-2020/1200
EVALUATION OF IPM MODULES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR SOIL INSECT PEST OF GROUNDNUT
S. K. CHOUDHARY1* AND SWAROOP SINGH2

1
2
Professor, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women's University, Jharna-303122 Jaipur, Rajasthan
1
Corresponding author: sandeepkuri89@gmail.com
Groundnut is one of the most important oilseeds and supplementary food crop of the world is attacked by more than 100 insect-pests right
from planting stage to its storage. The annual yield loss in groundnut due to insect-pests is approximately 15 percent. Among these pest soil
inhibiting pest are more important than other pests. To analysis the problem causing low productivity in groundnut due to heavy infestation of
white grub. Five different IPM modules were tested for the management of soil insect pest in groundnut including farmer practices during
kharif 2019-20. The data observed for white grub, Holotrichia consanguinea and termite, Odontotermes obesus. It was noticed that consisting
soil application of neem cake 250 kg/ha, seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 6.5 ml/kg seed application of Beauveriabassiana @ 0.5
gm/m2 and application of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 300 ml/ha found significantly superior to reduce insect-pest incidence on groundnut and
enhanced the yield over farmer practices. The module T1 was significantly superior to rest of the treatment.
Keywords: IPM, biopesticide, insecticide and neem cake
GNRSA-2020/1201
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
SANDEEP KUMAR CHOUDHARY 1AND RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR2

1
2
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, India
2
Corresponding author email id: rkbhu230@gmail.com
Integrated pest management (IPM) combines the use of biological, cultural and chemical practices to control insect pests in
agricultural production. It seeks to use natural predators or parasites to control pests, using selective pesticides for backup only
when pests are unable to be controlled by natural means. IPM should not be confused with organic practices. It does not disco urage
spraying chemicals; it promotes spraying with selective pesticides only when the crop needs it, which generally means that less
pesticide is used. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a long-term management strategy that uses a combination of tactics to reduce pests
to tolerable levels with potentially lower costs for the pest manager and minimal effect on the environment. IPM can be applied when
wwww
managing all kinds of pests, including insects, weeds, diseases and vertebrate pests, such as ground squirrels and pigeons. It integrates
prevention, cultural practices, mechanical and/or physical pest controls, biological pest controls and chemical pest controls to prevent and
suppress pests. The goal of IPM is to reduce the adverse impacts of pest control on human health, the environment and non-target organisms,
while managing pests effectively. The concept of Integrated Pest Management is not new and has been used on field crops and orchards
throughout the world. Applying it in urban environments, including home gardens, landscapes and golf courses, presents special challenges.
Urban IPM, or pest management programs that incorporate reduced use of pesticides in private and commercial landscapes, golf courses and
other urban landscape settings, is a rapidly expanding field that incorporates university and industry research.
Keywords: IPM, Biological, Cultural practices.
GNRSA-2020/1202
EFFECT OF WEED MANAGEMENT IN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) AT VARYING LEVELS OF NITROGEN
PINKI DADARWAL, G. L. YADAV, BASANAT KUAMR DADARWAL1

Department of Agronomy, MJRP College of Agriculture and Research, Jaipur (Rajasthan).
1 I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi- 221005
A field experiment was conducted under loamy sandy soil during kharif 2018 at Agronomy farm, MJRPCollege of Agriculture &Research,
Achrol, Jaipur. The treatments comprising seven weed management practices (weedy check, one HW at 20 DAS, two HW at 20 & 40 DAS,
alachlor at 1.5 kg/ha, alachlor at 1.5 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS, imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha and imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS) and
three levels of N (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha) were replicated thrice in randomized block design. Results showed that pre-emergence imazethapyr at
0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS and HW twice at 20 and 40 DAS resulted significant reduction in weed density, weed dry matter and nutrient
depletion by weeds in comparison to rest of the treatments except alachlor at 1.5 g/ha + HW at 30 DAS in nutrient depletion. These
treatments controlled the weeds to the extent of 81.9 and 81.3 per cent at harvest. Remaining at par with each other, these two treatments also
proved their superiority in improving growth and yield attributes viz. plant height, branches per plant, crop dry matter, number of capsules
per plant, grains per capsule and test weight. The highest grain, stalk and biological yield (855, 2977 and 3832 kg/ha) and harvest index
(22.42%) were obtained with imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS. Producing the grain, stalk and biological yield of 818, 2933 and
3751 kg/ha with harvest index of 21.81% and recording the minimum weed competition index (4.31%), HW twice at 20 and 40 DAS was
also found equally effective treatment. It was further noted that pre-emergence imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS and HW twice at
20 and 40 DAS were found statistically similar and significantly better treatments in enhancing N, P and K concentration in grain and stalk,
protein and oil content in grain and nutrient uptake by crop. Fetching the maximum net returns of Rs 27797 /ha and B: C ratio of 1.86,
imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS was found the most remunerative treatment. These treatments were accompanied by alachlor at
1.5 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS, One HW at 20 DAS and imazethapyr at 0.15 kg/ha in order of their effectiveness in yield attributes, yield and net
returns. Results further indicated that application of 40 kg N/ha in sesame recorded the highest density and dry weight of weeds at all the
stages, N, P and K concentration in weeds and their depletion at harvest stage. Every increase in level of N upto 40 kg/ha resulted significant
improvement in growth and yield attributes over lower levels except branches per plant, grains per capsule and test weight. It also registered
28.4, 26.7 and 17.7 per cent higher grain, stalk and biological yield over control. The highest concentration of N, P and K in grain and stalk
and their uptake by crop, protein and oil content in grain as well as also obtained at this level of N. Fetching the maximum net returns of Rs
25090 /ha with the highest B:C ratio (1.77), it was found the most remunerative level of N fertilization.
GNRSA-2020/1203
PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
CHANDRAKANTA JAKHAR* RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL

Department of Agronomy, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner- 303329
Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005
Corresponding author email id: ckjakhar1998@gmail.com
Conservation practices have clearly shown advantages in improving soil, water and air quality as well as reducing costs of op erations.
Conservation of natural resources is the base for a long-term sustainability of agricultural and natural ecosystems. Conservation
Agriculture is not just conservation tillage, but a series of land management practices that include crop residues retention, cover crops,
appropriate cropping system rotation, integrated pest management able to minimize land degradation. Because of the complexity
associated with natural and agricultural ecosystems, a land management practice found to be sustainable at one site might not be equally
sustainable at another site. Agricultural production systems are inherently variable due to spatial variation in soil properties, topography,
and climate. To achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable cropping systems, variability must be considered both in space and time because
the factors influencing crop yield have different spatial and temporal behavior. Advances in technologies such as Global Positioning
Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing and simulation modeling have created the possibility to a ssess the
wwww
spatial and temporal variability present in the field and manage it with appropriate site-specific practices. Such approach is commonly
called Precision Agriculture or site-specific crop and soil management. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential use of
Precision Agriculture principles and technology for Conservation Agriculture. Examples of Precision Agriculture application through the
integration of various techniques are presented to show the potential benefits of site-specific management of natural resources. Further
perspectives are also discussed to link Precision Agriculture to Conservation Agriculture for a mosaic agriculture.
Keyword: Conservation, Precision Agriculture
GNRSA-2020/1204
MANAGEMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SOIL IN INDIA
NEHA MEENA*, SEEMA CHOUDHARY RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR

Department of Soil Science and Agriculture chemistry, Agriculture University, Kota-324001,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture chemistry, Rajmata VijayarajeScindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior-474002, INDIA
Corresponding author email id: neha1996jaipur@gmail.com
The soils which are unfavorable for cultivation of field crops because of one or more unfavorable soil properties/characteristics (viz. Soluble
salts, soil reaction, ESP, water logging, aeration etc.) are adversely affect the optimum soil productivity is called problematic soils. The
problematic soils need to be classified in to various groups for developing special systems of management for specific types of problems and
constraints in the production of crops. The major problematic soils of India are as follows. In case of saline sodic and sodic soils, the
exchange complex is saturated to varying degree with Na. The reclamation procedure in such cases also involves the use of amendments for
replacing exchangeable Na. Alkali soils cannot be reclaimed by mere flooding the land. In the case of saline alkali soils, flooding is likely to
do more harm. Leaching (Flooding) down of soluble salts make the soil alkaline (Only Na-Clay remain in the soil). Soil get dispersed and
become compact (impervious). In alkali (non-saline-alkali) soils, exchangeable sodium Na-Clay-is so great as to make the soil almost
impervious to water. But even if water could move downward freely in alkali soils, the water alone would not leach out the excess
exchangeable sodium. The sodium-cation must be replaced by calcium-cation and then leached downward.The reclamation of acidic soils is
done by addition of liming material which may be calcitic limestone (CaCO 3) or dolomitic limestone [CaMg (CO3)2]. The particle size of
liming material affects the rate of neutralization reaction. Both these limestones are sparingly soluble in pure water but do become soluble in
water containing CO2. Dolomite is somewhat less soluble than calcite.
Keywords: amendments, problematic soils, reclamation, acidic soils, Alkali soils.
GNRSA-2020/1205
CULTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILTY AMONG DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA
CAUSING STEM AND ROOT ROT OF SESAME
LALITA LAKHRAN, R.R. AHIR, NARESH KUMAR SATYADEV PRAJAPATI

Ph.D Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan) 303329
Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan) 303329
The present studies were planned that the among the all ten isolates collected from different locations of Rajasthan was classified on their
cultural and morphological characteristics in which isolate MPjd1 showed maximum colony diameter (90.00 mm) followed by isolate MPng2
(89.20 mm). Isolate MPjd1 showed fast growing blackish colony colour with right angle branching pattern Minimum colony growth was
observed in isolate MPtn2 (64.00 mm). The colony of ten isolates varies from 90.00 to 64.00 mm with whitish, grayish and blackish colour
colony appearance on PDA. Morphological observations of each isolate revealed that sclerotial size varies from 70.27- 106.50 µm, in which
isolate MPjd1 had maximum sclerotial size (106.50 µm) followed by isolate MPjp1 (99.00 µm). Sclerotial shape was observed oblong, ovul,
irregular and round shape.
Keywords: Colony, Morphological, Sclerotia, Stem and root rot
GNRSA-2020/1206
HEAVY METAL STRESS AND PLANT RESPONSES
AKANKSHA SINGH, BASANT KUMAR DADRWAL, UDAY PRATAP SINGH, JYOTI CHAUHAN
Strong metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic have long been deposited in soil by agricultural waste and sewage disposal.
Although some of these metals are important micronutrients that are responsible for many daily plant processes, their surplus does, however,
have adverse consequences and can directly affect plant growth, metabolism, physiology, and senescence. Plants have various stress-fighting
wwww
processes that are responsible for preserving the homeostasis of the essential metals that plants need. These mechanisms also focus on
avoiding the sensitivity of plants to heavy metals found in the soil or supplying the plant with immunity by metal detoxification. Other
pathways are unique and are triggered when the stress is experienced. The first line of defense provided by the plant is to reduce the
absorption of metals when stimulated by the toxicity of heavy metals and includes the support provided by cellular and root exudates which
restrict metals from entering the cell. Many plants have exclusive pathways for individual metal ions and are active in sequestering these ions
in compartments, preventing their damage to vulnerable cell components. As a second line of protection, other pathways for the
detoxification of these metals are added that chelate, transfer, sequester and detoxify these metal ions in the plant vacuole. During the time of
metal toxicity, oxidative stress is pronounced in the cells and the development of stress-related proteins and hormones, antioxidants, signaling
molecules like heat shock protein synthesis is initiated.
Key words: Heavy metal, Plant stress
GNRSA-2020/1207
APPROACHES TO REDUCE JUVENILITY OF FRUIT CROPS

Juvenility is defined as the extended period of post-germination, vegetative development in which flowering is repressed even under
favourable environmental conditions. The length of the juvenile phase for tree fruit crops extend from at least three years (peach) to 15 or
more years (Avocado). In nature, juvenility ensures that flowering is not initiated before the plant has reached the photosynthetic capacity to
produce fruit and viable seed, or that resources are not diverted to flowering before a plant has reached a competitive size in its environment.
However, this natural safeguard can be subverted by breeders, who are able to maintain plants under optimal growth conditions, and often
need only to obtain pollen to advance to the next generation. Approaches to reduce juvenility of fruit crops are cultural (Use of dwarfing
rootstocks, Soil solarisation, Girdling), chemical and biotechnological tools. Reducing juvenility is benefit for early fruit production, reaching
profitable orchard early and rapid breeding cycle. As the long juvenility period in fruit crops became barrier to both producer and breeder to
evolve new improved varieties there is urge to adapt these approaches. All the approaches are able to meet standard tree characters with
respect to yield and quality of produce. There is gap to make these technologies reach to the growers and make them adopt these methods
thereby they can reduce non profitable orchard period which reduces the orchard budget and can fetch the economic yield in shorter period.
GNRSA-2020/1208
TRANSGENIC FRUIT CROPS: A REVIEW

E mail: sanwarchoudhary999@gmail.com
A transgenic crop plant contains a gene which has been artificially inserted instead of the plant, acquiring them through fertilization or
pollination. Transgenic means transfer of genetic material (DNA fragment carrying known genes) from across the biological systems through
in-vitro techniques. Genes so transferred are known as transgene. Breeder always tries to incorporate beneficial genes in a crop which will be
more useful and productive. Through conventional breeding approaches genes can be incorporated from related species, but most of the times
it does not possible due to several reasons, so in that case transgene pave the wonderful way, where gene can be taken from unrelated species.
Purpose of the transgenic is design plants with specific characteristics from other species or sometimes even different kingdoms eg.
Transgenic papaya. The power of this technique lies in its ability to move genes from one organism to crop plants to impart novel
characteristics. Transgenic research in fruit crops is very low due to difficulty in regeneration and transformation procedure being perennial
and woody in nature. So that present information will be utilized by fruit breeders to a design future program for developing transgenic that
ultimately open the way for those crops where gene transfer is difficult through conventional breeding. Need of the transgenic is meet the
world’s need of balance food, increase quality yield, improve quality (Shelf life, Texture), crop better with climatic change, nutritional
improvement, reduce loss during transportation and storage, abiotic stress resistance (drought, heat, cold, salt etc.), Biotic stress resistance
(Insect, pest and diseases), resistant against herbicides.
Key words: Transgenic, Biotic résistance, Fruit, Abiotic stress resistances
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1209
OPTIMIZATION OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM LEVELS FOR PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF SJR-129 IN
IRRIGATED SUB TROPICS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR
SANTOSH OLA, DR. NEETU SHARMA

Master of Science in Agriculture (Agronomy)
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu, J&K
An investigation entitled “Optimization of phosphorus and potassium levels for productivity enhancement of SJR-129 in irrigated sub tropics
of Jammu and Kashmir” was conducted at the Research Farm, Division of Agronomy, Main Campus, Chatha, SKUAST- Jammu during the
kharif season of 2016. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of
four phosphorus levels (control, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha), and four potassium levels (control, 10, 20 and 30 kg K2O/ha). Rice crop was
fertilized with 60 kg N/ha. Full dose of phosphorus and potassium along with one third of nitrogen was applied as basal dose at the time of
transplanting and remaining two third of nitrogen was applied in two equal splits at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT). The soil of the
experiment field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen and medium in
available phosphorus and potassium. The experimental results revealed that among the levels of phosphorous, 60kg P2O5/ha recorded
significantly highest plant height, leaf area index, number of tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, yield attributes, grain yield
(4.31 t/ha) and straw yield (6.21 t/ha) which was statistically at par with 40 and 20 kg P2O5/ha. As regards the nutrient uptake by rice crop, 60
kg P2O5 kg/ha being statistically at par with 40 and 20 kg P2O5/ha recorded significantly highest N and K uptake. While the, phosphorus
uptake by crop was recorded significantly higher with phosphorus 60 kg P2O5/ha which was statistically at par with 40 kg P2O5/ha. However,
in case of nutrient budgeting, 60 kg P2O5/ha recorded the highest apparent balance of phosphorus in soil. Net return was recorded higher with
phosphorus with 40 kg/ P2O5/ha (Rs.54209) which was closely followed by 60 kg P2O5/ha. However, the benefit: cost (B:C) was recorded
highest (1.92) with 20 kg P2O5/ha followed by 40 kg P2O5/ha. Amongst the potassium levels, application of 30 kg K2O/ha though being at par
with 20 and 10 kg K2O/ha recorded significantly higher plant height, leaf area index, number of tillers/m 2, dry matter accumulation, crop
growth rate, yield attributes, grain yield (4.33 t/ha) and straw yield (6.26 t/ha). 30kg K2O/ha being statistically at par with 20 and 10 kg
K2O/ha recorded significantly highest N P and K uptake. However, in case of nutrient budgeting, 30kg K 2O/ha extracted maximum
phosphorus and potassium from soil and created the deficiency of phosphorus and potassium in the soil. Though, highest net return
(Rs.54563) observed with 20 kg K2O/ha but highest benefit: cost ratio (1.94) was observed with 30 kg K2Okg/ha which was closely followed
by 20kg K2O/ha. The phosphorus and potassium was optimized at 28 kg P2O5 and 18 kg K2O/ha for SJR-129. Highest benefit: cost was also
obtained with 28 kg P2O5 and 18 kg K2O/ha.On the basis of one year experimentation, it was concluded that application of 60 kg P 2O5 and 30
kg K2O/ha were found the suitable dose of phosphorus and potassium for yield maximization irrespective of economic returns. Economically
optimum level can be realized with 28 kg P2O5 /ha and 18 kg K2O /ha for yield optimization of SJR-129 in irrigated sub tropics of Jammu
region.
Key words: SJR-129, nutrient uptake, nutrient budgeting, optimum level, yield maximization
GNRSA-2020/1210
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
SEEMA CHOUDHARY*, NEHA MEENA, CHANDRAKANTA JAKHAR, RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR

Department of Soil Science and Agriculture chemistry, Rajmata VijayarajeScindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior-474002, INDIA
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture chemistry, Agriculture University, Kota-324001,
Department of Agronomy, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner- 303329,
Corresponding author email id: simachoudhary930@gmail.com
Integrated nutrient management (INM) includes the use of organic manures, biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers to achieve sustain crop
production and maintain the soil health. INM is the best approach for better utilization of resources and to produce crops with less
expenditure. The primary goal of INM is to combine old and new method of nutrient management economically viable and ecologically good
farming system that utilizes available organic and inorganic sources of nutrient in a judicious and efficient way. INM holds out great promise
for meeting the growing nutrient demands of intensive agriculture and maintaining crop productivity at higher levels with an overall
improvement in the quality of the resource base. INM are to ensure the efficient and judicious use of all the major sources of plant nutrients
in an integrated manner, to obtain maximum economic yield without diminishing soil fertility in order to sustain agricultural productivity,
farm profitability and soil health. It is well known that neither organic manure alone nor the exclusive application of chemical fertilizers can
achieve yield sustainability at an optimum level under modern farming conditions, where the nutrient turnover in the soil–plant system is
quite high. Long-term fertilizer trials have clearly shown the positive role of organic sources in combination with chemical fertilizer in
maintaining the productivity of the soil by enhancing soil fertility and improving physical properties.
wwww
GNRSA-2020/1211
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FALL ARMYWORM (SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA) (J E SMITH) IN MAIZE ECOSYSTEM
VINAY N*, S.V.S. RAJU, KAMAL RAVI SHARMA AND S. RAMESH BABU
Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005
*Email: vinaynchethu@gmail.com
The Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J E Smith) is an invasive pest of Maize in India. The occurrence of this pest was first reported
from Karnataka in 2018. Caterpillars of this moth feed on leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more than 100 plant species. Therefore, it is
important to manage this pest for better crop protection. The management of pest through natural enemies is safe to the environment as they
are highly specific and cause no residual problems. The native bioagents of Spodoptera spp. have an opportunity to expand their niche by
parasitizing S. frugiperda. It is highly probable that the local bioagents may widen their niche by adapting to S. frugiperda and check its
population buildup from further spreads. Hence, there is a need to identify the existing natural enemies of fall armyworm in India. Many
researchers have noticed three species of egg parasitoids (Trichogrammapretiosum, Trichogrammaachaeae, Telenomusremus), five larval
parasitoids (Coccygidiummelleum, Campoletischlorideae, Eriborusspp., Exoristasorbillans, Odontepyrisspp.), three predators(Forficulasp.,
Harmonia octomaculata,Coccinella transversalis), one entomopathogen fungus (Nomuraearileyi) and Nucleus Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) on
S.frugiperda, but the research on extent of control by these natural enemies was still in the process. Conservation of natural enemies is also
important in any of the biological control programme. It is achieved by planting nectar yielding plants and need based use of selective
pesticides. Such a conservation biological control strategy might contribute to preserve the natural bio-diversity in the agricultural
environment and provide natural alternatives to harmful pesticides.
Key words: Fall Armyworm, Maize, Natural enemies, Conservation
GNRSA-2020/1212
INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND BORON ON FLOWERING AND YIELD OF BOTTLE GOURD
[LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOL.) STANDL.] VAR. PUSA NAVEEN
KAILASH CHAND CHOUDHARY1, KAVITA ARAVINDKSHAN1, RAJ KUMAR JAKHAR*2, Y.K. SHARMA1, KAMAL
MAHALA3
1
Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan, Jhalawar, Agriculture University, Kota-324001, India
2
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, India
3
Department of Horticulture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner- 303329,India
A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016-2017 to find out the optimum dose of growth regulators and boron to obtain
high flowering and yield of bottle gourd plants as laid out in simple randomized block design with three replications. The fifteen treatments
combination with two growth regulators and borax with 2 doges (NAA 100, 200ppm, Ethrel 250, 500ppm, Borax 0.05 and 0.1%,
respectively) were evaluated. The results showed that foliar application of growth regulators and borax had significant effect over control.
The treatment T8(borax 0.05% + Ethrel 500 ppm) foliar application of bottle gourd resulted in the production of maximum, female flower per
vine (18.90), fruit length (31.50 cm), fruit diameter (6.87 cm), number of fruits per vine (8.87), fruit weight (830.94 g), fruit yield per vine
(7.36 kg), fruit yield per hectare. (408.61 q) and in decreasing the male flowers per vine (78.50), node at which first male (13.01) and female
flower appear (17.17), earlier days to anthesis of first male flower (41.67 days) and female flower (42.03 days), days to first harvesting
(48.17), sex ratio (4.14) in bottle gourd over control.
Keywords: Bottle gourd, PGRS (NAA, Ethrel) and boron, flowering, yield attributes
GNRSA-2020/1213
IMPACT OF VARIOUS IPM MODULES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR INSECT PEST OF SESAME
S. K. CHOUDHARY1, M. D. CHOUDHARY2 AND SWAROOP SINGH3

1
2
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Maulasar-341506 Nagaur, Rajasthan
3
Professor, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women's University, Jharna-303122 Jaipur, Rajasthan
1
Corresponding author: sandeepkuri89@gmail.com
Impact of various IPM modules in the management of major insects pest of sesame under Rajasthan agro climatic condition. The seeds of all
plots were treated with imidacloprid 600 FS (5g/kg seed) + intercropping with black gram (3:3) and with yellow sticky trap @ 1 trap per plot
was done except control. The treatment taken were single foliar spraying of profenophos 50 EC (2ml/lit.), NSKE 5%, two spraying of NSKE
5 %, profenophos 0.1% +NSKE 5%, two spraying of profenophos 0.1 and imidacloprid (3 ml/10 lit.)+ chlorpyriphos (2ml/lit.) respectively
besides untreated control. The result revealed that treatment imidacloprid (3 ml/10 lit.) and chlorpyriphos (2 ml/lit.) applied alternatively at 15
wwww
days interval starting from 30 DAS was found best in suppressing the major pest including shoot & capsule borer, Antigastera catalaunalis,
Leaf hopper, Orosius albicinctus & mired bus etc.
Keywords: Antigastera catalaunalis, IPM modules, Sesame pest,neem product
GNRSA-2020/1214
TESTING OF THE FOOD CONSUMPTION BY DIFFERENT INSTARS OF GRUBS AND ADULTS OF MEXICAN BEETLE, Z.
BICOLORATA ON PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS L. IN RAIPUR, CHHATTISGARH
SACHIN KUMAR JAISWAL1, JAYALAXMI GANGULI2 AND ANKITA SINGH3

1,3,4
Ph.D Scholars and 2Professor, Department of Entomology, CoA, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
3
Ph.D Scholars, Department of Extension education, CoA, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India 492012
E-mail: sachin4golu@gmail.com
Testing of the food consumption by different instars of grubs and adults of Mexican beetle, Z. bicolorata Pallister, for the biological control
of the Parthenium weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L was explored in the Biocontrol laboratory, Department of Entomology, IGKV, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh, during 2018-19 and 2019-20. Z. bicolorata P. is considered as a safe biocontrol agent but till now it is not well established and
spread in Chhattisgarh. Both grubs and adults of Z. bicolorata feed on the leaves and help in defoliation of the weed. Therefore, the present
study was carried out to investigate the feeding efficiency of the Mexican beetle, Z. bicolorata, by releasing adults and different instars of
grubs of beetles on Parthenium leaf. Overall data of two years indicated that food consumption of Z. bicolorata was maximum (12.58mg) in
3rd instar grubs followed by 4th instar (8.75mg) and minimum by male beetle (1.25mg).
Keyword: Parthenium hysterophorus, Mexican beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata, feeding efficiency, defoliation.
GNRSA-2020/1215
STUDIES ON VALUE ADDITION OF GUAVA CHEESECV. ALLAHABAD SAFEDA
PREETI TOPPO*, SATISH XAXA AND SUNITA BHAGAT

DEPARTMENT OF FRUIT SCIENCE, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, INDRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
KRISHAK NAGAR RAIPUR (C.G), 492012
Corresponding Author E- mail:preetitoppo1990@gmail.com
Guava is one of the most important subtropical fruit crop with excellent taste and high vitamin-c. Among several other products, one
important processed product is guava cheese. Guava cheese would ensure the consumer benefits of guava along with its delightful taste of
cheese. In this study, the value added product was evaluated for its physico-chemical properties like total soluble solid (TSS), acidity (%),
reducing sugar(%), Non reducing sugar(%), Ascorbic acid, Acidity(%) were analyzed from the different treatment at initial days after
storage , 30days after storage ,60 days after storage and 90 days after storage. Consumer acceptability is directly based on sensory evaluation
of the product. The prepared product was also evaluated for the attributes like colour, flavour, taste, consistency and overall acceptability.
There wereNine treatments under observation were included in the trial viz; T1Ginger powder (1.25%), T2 Ginger powder (1.50%), T3 Ginger
powder (1.75%), T4 Cardamom powder (1.25%), T5 Cardamom powder (1.50%), T6 Cardamom powder (1.75%), T7 Lemon grass (1.25%), T8
(Lemon grass (1.50%)andT9 Lemon grass (1.75%) were tested in three replication. On the basis of evaluation of Guava cheese the T5- Guava
cheese + Cardamom powder (1.50%) was found superior in respect of all the parameters T.S.S (10.44OBrix), Total sugar (%)8.52,pH (4.70),
Reducing sugar, Non reducing and overall acceptability score (8.37)after 30, 60 and 90 days storage. Ascorbic acid and Acidity was found
highest in treatment withT3 -- Guava cheese +Ginger powder (1.75%). The highest net returns (Rs. 132.96) and highest cost benefit ratio
(1:2:8) was also found superior in T5- Guava cheese + Cardamom powder (1.50%).
Keywords: Guava Cheese, Cardamom powder, Lemon grass, Ginger powder, Total sugar, and overall acceptability.
wwww

Abstract Book Gnrsa - 2020

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Abstract Book Gnrsa - 2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Global Approaches in Natural Resource Management for Climate Smart Agriculture (GNRSA-2020) during Pandemic Era of COVID-19 Souvenir

ir Book- GNRSA- 2020

A. M. SONKAMBLE, S. V. KHANDEZOD, S.R.PATIL AND D. S. RAVANKAR

A. M. SONKAMBLE, S. V. KHANDEZOD, S.R.PATIL AND D. S. RAVANKAR

A. V. BHUWAD1, C. D. PAWAR2, ROSHAN VARADKAR3, K. P. VAIDYA4, M. M. KULKARNI5 AND P. M. HALDANKAR6

A. V. MESHRAM1*, S. C. PHUGE2, J. M. TALATHI3, V. A. THORAT4, AND J. S. DHEKALE5

AA GORIVALE, NV DALVI, BR SALVI, CD PAWAR, MS JOSHI, RG KHANDEKAR, AN SAVANT, MS KADAM

Keywords- Tuberose, Varietal performance, Spikes, Loose flowers, Bulbs.

ABHANGRAO A. K1., YADLOD2 S.S , DESHMUKH MANISHA3,GAONKAR Y.A4.

ABHILASH SINGH* AND DHIRENDRA SINGH**

AKANKSHA SINGH AND SHALANI GUPTA

ANUGYA BHARTI* AND ARCHANA KUSHWAHA

ANURADHA A. WATANE1, MANISHA S. DESHMUKH2, N.S.GUPTA3, N.G.RATHOD4

ANURADHA KUMARI* AND AKHILESH KUMAR

ANURADHA SINGH1AND RAJ BAHADUR2

ANURADHA WATANE1, N.S.GUPTA 2, N.G.RATHOD 3, MANISHA DESHMUKH4

ANURAG MALIK1, 2, AND ANIL KUMAR1

ANURAG1, RANJANA*2 AND SINGH, R.3

ANWAR KHAN , ABHILASHA SHARMA,DR. R. S. GURJAR &K.N.PATHAK

ARJUN MEENA,ABHILASHASHARMA,DR. R.S. GURJAR & K.N.PATHAK

ARPANA SHARMA*, RAKESH BAJPAI AND PRIYA JAISWAL

ARPIT CHOUBEY, DEEPAK KATKANI AND VINOD KUMAR

ARTI1, JAGRUTI DAS1 AND ANIKETA HORO2

ARVIND AHIRWAL AND VB UPADHYAY

ASHAQ MANZOOR, H. M. KHAN, TOWSEEF AKRAM, TAHIR NAZIR

ASHIMA KATHURIA1 AND ABHA VERMA2

*ASHISH H. LADE, AJIT P. KHARGE AND APURVA G. MORE

ASHISH H. LADE, NEHA S. POTE AND KALYANI S. KHADTARE

ASHISH H. LADE, AJIT P. KHARGE AND APURVA G. MORE

ASHOKA P * AND PRIYA P

ASHU SINGH*, R. S. SENGAR AND PRAGATI MISHRA1

ASHWINI KUMAR*, PURNIMA SINGH AND PRERANA PARIHAR

ATUL PRAJAPATI, R.P. SINGH, BRIJESH KUMAR, AND R. N. KEWAT.

AVINASH KUMAR BHATIA1* AND DR. KAMAL SHARMA2

AVINASH KUMAR GAUTAM

AVINASH TOMER, PAVITRA DEV AND JITENDRA KUMAR

AVULA SRAVANTHI AND SHASHI TIWARI

AWARE M. R., PERKE D. S. AND JADHAV V. G.

AYUSHI TRIVEDI1, MANOJ KUMAR AWASTHI2AND VINAY KUMAR GAUTAM2

B. MANJUNATH1, B.S. RAJENDRA PRASAD2, R. MANJUNATH3 , B. GAYATHRI3, A.P.MALLIKARJUNA GOWDA1, S.

B. SHIVA KIRAN1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

B. SOUJANYA, B. BALAJINAIK, M.UMA DEVI & T.L. NEELIMA

B. VANLALNEIHI*, LALHMINGSANGA2, R.LALRINFELI3, B. LALRAMHLIMI4

B. VENKATESH*, S. SUSHMA, N. PRATHAP REDDY, Y. YERNAIDU

B. VENKATESH*, Y. S. PARAMESWARI, M. MADHAVI AND T. RAM PRAKASH

B.BHAVANA1 AND P. SOWMYA2

BABU LAL FAGODIA1, B. L. MALI2 AND AMIT TRIVEDI3

BALAJI SHIVAJI THORAT AND R. L. KUNKERKAR

BHERU LAL KUMHAR*, KK AGRAWAL AND HK RAI

BIJEETA THANGJAM1*, KOTA CHAKRAPANI2 W, BANDANA MAYANGLAMBAM3, TAMPAKLEIMA CHANU1, TUSI

BILLA SURESH KUMAR1 AND DR. K.V. RAMANA MURHY2

BINOD KUMAR BHARTI1 AND ANAMIKA DAS2

BOTHA PRASHANTHI1*, BILLA SURESH KUMAR2 AND P.V.N PRASAD3

BOYAPATI RAVI TEJA NAIDU1** AND MANOJ KUMAR BARNWAL2

BUSHRA CHOWHAN, MONIKA GUPTA*

C. K. POTE, A. B. JADHAV, R. C. CHORE

C.V. UPHADE, N.S. GUPTA, MANISHADESHMUKH AND N.G. RATHOD

CHARLIE MISHRA*, ANITA TOMAR

CHAUDHARI S. A.1, D.S. PERKE2, A. V. MHETRE3

CHAVA VINAY KUMAR1 AND ADESH KUMAR2*

CHINGTHAM CHANBISANA* AND A. K. BANIK1

CHUNNI KUMARI1AND SHAH NIVEDITA2

D. CHOUHAN*, R. B. DUBEY, R. P. SINGH, S. KUMAR, P. CHOUDHARY AND D. SINGH

DEVENDRA KUMAR MEENA, DIKSHA SHARMA AND SONIKA SHARMA

DHEERAJ KUMAR, RAJENDRA KUMAR

DROPATI SARAN, MADHU SHARMA AND VIKRAM YOGI

G.R. PAWAR, D.N. GOKHALE1 AND P.N. KARANJIKAR**2

G.R. PAWAR, D.N. GOKHALE1 AND I.A.B MIRZA**2

HIMANSHU KAUSHIK, J. P. SINGH , AMRENDRA KUMAR* AND RAJAT SINGH**