ICAR JRF/ PG Exam – Plant Pathology

"Crush the List of Crop Diseases”

Mastering Scientific Names,
Symptoms, and Remarks

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List of Crops
1. Rice 21. Coffee
2. Wheat 22. Ginger
3. Sorghum 23. Rose
4. Maize 24. Jasmine
5. Bajra 25. Chrysanthemum
6. Finger Millet 26. Crucifers
7. Sugarcane 27. Cucurbits
8. Red Gram 28. Onion
9. Chickpea 29. Beans
10. Black and Green gram 30. Coconut
11. Soyabean 31. Papaya
12. Cowpea 32. Banana
13. Groundnut 33. Pomegranate
14. Sunflower 34. Grapes
15. Citrus 35. Apple
16. Mango 36. Chilli
17. Guava 37. Brinjal
18. Sapota 38. Bhendi
19. Oil Palm 39. Potato
20. Tea 40. Tomato

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1. Rice
Disease Scientific Names Remarks
Blast (conidia – 3 celled- pyriform) Pyricularia oryzae (P. grisea) Brusone in Italy
TS: Magnaporthe grisea 1st in Tanjore in TN

Brown spot or sesame leaf spot Helminthosporium oryzae Perithecia

TS: Cochliobolus miyabeanus
Sheath rot Sarocladium oryzae Symptom on flag leaf sheath.
(Acrocylindrium oryzae) Control- Gypsum application
Sheath blight Rhizoctonia solani PSI- sclerotia
TS: Thanetophorus cucumeris
False smut Ustilaginoidea virens/ Indicate good crop year
Claviceps oryzae
Udbatta disease Ephelis oryzae External seed borne.
TS: Balansia oryzae Flag leaf has white mycelia
Stem rot Sclerotium oryzae
TS: Leptosphaeria salvini
Stalk burn disease Trichoconis padwicki/ Pink strain

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 Alternaria padwicki
Bakane disease/ foot rot/ Foolish Fusarium moniliforme Foolish seedling disease
seedling disease TS: Gibberella fujikorai External seed borne
Bacterial leaf blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae Kresek symptom, wavy margin
Internal seed borne
Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola
Tungro disease/ Mentak RTBV – Ds DNA Detected by Iodine test.
RTSV - ss RNA Vector- Green leaf hopper
Grassy stunt virus Vector: Brown plant hopper ssRNA
Rice dwarf Rice Dwarf virus(dsDNA) Leaf hopper (persistent)
Rice yellow dwarf (MLD) Green hopper
(Transmission)

2. Wheat
Leaf Blight Alternaria triticina By Prabhu and Prasad
Externally + internally seed borne
Loose smut Ustilago tritici Black powdery spores, internally seed borne
Flag smut Urocystis agropyri
Karnal bunt Neovassia indica By Mitra (1931)

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 Needle shaped sporidia (Teliospores)
Foul smell – trimethyl amine
Head blight Fusarium graminiarum Kernel – Pink / orange
Stem rust/Black rust Puccinia graminis tritici Alternate host: Barberry, Mahonia
Leaf rust (Brown) (Orange) Puccinia triticina/ Puccinia Thalictrum (aecial + Pycnial), Isopyrum
recondita (host) in Russia

Ear cockle Aungunia tritici

Stripe/ Yellow rust Puccinia striformis Bright yellow pustules
Pycnial and aecial stage absent
Tundu disease (Hutchinson) Punjab Corynebacterium tritici + Anguina Yellow ooze
tritici
(Nematode + Bacteria)
Foot rot Pythium graminicola
Leaf spot/ black point Dreschlera sorokiniana
Common bunt Tilletia caries

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3. Sorghum
Anthracnose or Red leafspot Colletotrichum gramanicola Falcate conidia
Seed borne; Air borne
Rust Puccinia purpurea Reddish brown flecks on lower surface of
leaves
AH: Oxalis corniculata
Ergot or Sugary disease Claviceps sorghi (Sphacelia sorghi)
Leaf blight or leaf stripe Exerohilum turcicum Long elliptical necrotic lesions
(H. turcicum) (Drechslera t)
Grain/ Kernel/ covered/ short smut Sphacelotheca or Sporisorium
sorghi
Charcoal rot / hollow stem / stem rot Macrophomina phaseolina Shredding of tissue
blight
DM or leaf shredding Perenosclerospora sorghi PSI: Oospore
Metaxyl spray SSI: Air borne sporangia
Striga / Witch weed Phanerogamic parasite

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4. Maize
Turcicum leaf blight Heliminthosporium turcicum/ Externally seed borne.
Exerohilum turcicum SSI: wind borne conidia
Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina
(scelerotial): Rhizoctonia bataticola
Banded leaf and sheath blight Rhizoctonia solani
PS: Thanetophorous
Sorghum DM Perenosclerospora sorghi Chloratic streaks
Crazy top DM Scleropthora macrospora Crazy top
Brown stripe DM Scleropthora rayssiae var zeae Leaf shedding
Sugarcane DM Peronosclerospora sacchari PSI: Digitaria (Punjab)
5. Bajra or Pearl millet
DM or Green ear Sclerospora graminicola Yellow discolouration
Longitudinal shedding
Rust (Heterocious) Puccinia pennisetti Alternate host: Brinjal
Ergot or sugary disease Claviceps fusiformis or C. Honey dew
microcephala
Smut Tolyposporium penicillariae PSI: spore balls in seed

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 Brown spot Physoderma zea maydis
Seed rot Pythium aphanidermatum
Bacterial stalk rot Erwinia carotovora

6. Ragi/ Finger millet

Blast Pyricularia grisea In Chittor (AP) Endemic
Smut Melanopsichium eleusinis
Mosaic Sugarcane mosaic virus By aphids

7. Sugarcane
Red rot (white band in red patch) Colletotrichum falcatum Acidic sour odour
TS: Glomerella tacumanensis Discoloration
Whip smut Ustilago scitaminea Whip like dusty black structure
Wilt Cephalosporium sacchari Hollowness, Reddish discoloration
Ring spot Leptosphaeria sacchari Dark green oval or spherical spots
Phytoplasma- grass shoot Grassy shoot buds Lanky tillers
(Proliferation of axillary bud) Vector- aphid and leaf hopper
Mosaic Sugarcane mosaic virus Through Aphids
Ratoon stunting (Pencil sized Clavibacter xyli pv xyli (+ ve) xylem Pink colour
thickness) limited fastidious bacteria.
Stunted growth

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 Black - teliospores
Rust Puccinia melonocephala
Yellow (uredis)
Sett rot Ceratocystis paradoxa
Eye spot Bipolaris sacchari
Leaf scald Xanthomonas albilineans
Pokkah boeing Fusarium moniliforme Acute phase
(Gibberella fujikoroi) Knife cut phase
8. Red gram /Pigeon pea/Arhar
Wilt Fusarium oxysporum fsp udum Partial wilting
Alternaria leaf blight Alternaria alternata
Sterility Sterility mosaic virus Vector- Eriophyid mite (Aceria cajani)
Powdery mildew Levillula taurica
Dry root rot Macrophomina phaseolina
(Rhizoctonia bataticola)
Phytophthora blight Phytophthora drescleri fsp cajani
Collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii
Cyst disease Heterodera cajani

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Grey mold Botrytis cineria

9. Chickpea
Rust Uromyces ciceris - arietini
Aschochyta blight Aschochyta rabiei (Mycosphaerella Internally and externally seed borne
pinodes)
Reduced seed size
Wilt Fusarium oxysporum fsp ciceri
Dry root rot Macrophomina phaseolina
(Rhizoctonia bataticola)
Collar rot Sclerotium rolfisii

10. Black and Green gram

Powdery mildew Erysiphae polygoni
Rust Uromyces phaseoli typica Autoecious rust
(Uromyces appendiculata)
Mung bean yellow mosaic MBYM Virus White fly
Leaf crinkle Leaf crinkle virus White fly
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora canescens
Leaf spot Corynespora cassicola

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Angular black spot Protomycopsis phaseoli
Dry root rot Rhizoctonia bataticola
Bacterial leaf spot Xanthomonas phaseoli

11. Soyabean
Alternaria blight Alternaria spp.
Anthracnose (Pod blight) Colletotrichum truneatum
Purple seed stain Cercospora kikuchi
Collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii
Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Aerial blight Rhizoctonia solani
Cercospora blight/Frog eye leaf spot Cercospora spp.
Soyabean mosaic SMV (By aphids)
Bacterial pustules Xanthomonas oxanopodis pv
glycines
Bacterial blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycine

12. Cowpea
Southern blight Sclerotium rolfsi
Wilt Fusarium oxysporum

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Cowpea mosaic Cowpea mosaic virus Beetles
(como virus)
Damping off Pythium + Rhizoctonia
Anthracnose C. lindemuthianum
Rust Uromyces phaseoli

13. Groundnut
Pepper leaf spot / leaf scorch Leptosphaerulina crassiasca
Peanut stem necrosis Tobbaco streak virus Thrips
Kalahasti malady Tylenchorhynchus In Chittoor
brevilineatus(Nematode)
Mustard
PM Erysiphe cruciferarum

14. Sunflower
Stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiarum
Septoria leaf spot Septoria helianthi
Rust Puccinia helianthi Autoecious

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15. Citrus
Gummosis Phytophthora nicotianae var Plant blossom heavily
parasitica
Citrus scab Elsinoe fawcetti Corky projection
Rangpur lime - susceptible
Citrus canker Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri Acid lime - susceptible
Citrus tristeza Citrus tristeza virus (aphids) Honeycomb (orange)
stem pitting,
kagzi lime - indicator
Citrus greening Candidatus liberobacter asiaticus Green islands
Obligate -ve bacteria Transmitted by dodder, Psyllid bug
Citrus felt disease Septobasidium pseudopenicillatum

16. Mango
Powdery mildew Odium mangiferae (Erysiphe From inflorescence to downward
polygoni)
Pea size stage susceptible
Anthracnose Colletotrichum gleosporoides By satthar and Mallik
PS: Glomerella cingulata

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Malformation (North India) Fusarium moniliformae var Bunchy top appearance
subglutinans
By mites, and witches broom
(1st in Aragonda village)
Bacterial leaf spot Pseudomonas mangiferae indica Spots all ones lamina.
Starch spray
Sooty mould Capnodium ramosum Black encrustations
Honey dew secretion Starch spray
Red rust Cephaleurus virescens (algae)
Ber
PM Oidium erysiphoides fsp zizyphi
17. Guava
Wilt Fusarium oxysporum fsp psidi, F
solani
18. Sapota
a) Phaeopleospora leaf spot Phaeopleospora indica
b) Pestalotiopsis leaf spot Pestalotiopsis versicolor
c) Flat limb Botryodiplodia theobromae
d) Tatipaka disease Phytoplasma

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e) Grey blight Pestalotiopsis palmarum

19. Oil palm

a) Bunch rot Marasmius palmivora
b) Spear rot Phytoplasma
c) Curvularia leaf spot Curvularia lunata, C. geniculata

20. Tea
Blister blight of tea Exobasidium vexans

21. Coffee
Coffee rust Hemelia vastatrix
Turmeric
Rhizome rot Pythium aphanidermatum
P. graminicolum
Leaf spot Colletotrichum capsici
Leaf blotch Taphrina maculans
22. Ginger
Rhizome rot Pythium sp
Leaf spot Phyllosticta zingiberi

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Mulberry
PM Phyllactinia guttata, p. corylea, p.
suffulata

23. Rose
PM Sphaerotheca pannosa
Black spot Diplocarpon rosae Anamorphi: Marsonina rosae
Die back Diplodia rasarum
24. Jasmine
Rust Uromyces hobsonii
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora jasminicola

25. Chrysanthemum
Blotch Septoria chrysanthemella
Chrysanthemum stunt Viroid
Septoria leaf spot Septoria lycopersici
Tomato splitted spot Tomato splitted wilt virus (thrips)
Tomato mosaic Tomato mosaic virus
Bacterial fruit canker Clavibacter michigensis
Root knot nematode Meloidogyne sp

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26. Crucifers
Finger and toe/ club rot of crucifers Plasmodiophora brassicae
DM Perenospora parasitica
PM Erysiphe polygoni
Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria brassicola
Black rot Xanthomonas campestris pv V- shaped chlorotic spots
campestris
White rust (systemic and local) Albugo candida (Cystopus candidus) Stag head

27. Cucurbits
DM Pseudoperenospora cubensis Purplish Downey growth
PM Erysiphe cichoracearum
Cercospora leaf spot C. citrullina, C. melonis
Betel vine
Wilt Phytopthera, Sclerotiarum,
Fusarium
Anthracnose / leaf spot Colletotrichum capsici
28. Onion
Purple blotch Alternaria porri

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Smudge Colletotrichum circinans
Smut Urocystis cepulae

29. Beans
Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
Rust Uromyces phaseoli typica
Yellow mosaic (ssDNA) Mungbean yellow mosaic virus Sap and aphid transmission
Common bean mosaic Bean common mosaic virus ssRNA
– Aphids, seedborne

30. Coconut
Ganoderma basal stem rot Ganoderma lucidum
Bud rot Phytopthora palmivora
Stem bleeding Ceratocystis paradoxa
31. Papaya
PM Oidium caricae
Foot rot Phythium aphanidermatum Honeycomb
Rhizoctonia solani
Ring spot Papaya ringspot virus (ssRNA) Concentric circular rings
Shoestring

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 Vector- aphid
Leaf curl Tobacco leaf curl virus Leathery leaf
Vector- whitefly Begomo Virus and Geminiviridae
Anthracnose Colletotrichum papayae

32. Banana
Yellow sigatoka leaf spot Mycosphaerella musicola
(Cercospora musae)
Black sigatoka Mycospharella fijiensis
Panama wilt Fusarium oxysporum fsp cubens Longitudinal splitting of pseudotem
Cavendish banana – resistant
Moko disease / bacterial wilt Ralstonia solanacearum
Erwinia rhizome rot/top rot/tip over Erwinia caratovora sub sp
caratovora
Bunchy top / cabbage top/ curly top/ Banana virus 1 – 1st in fiji SSDNA – isometric
strangles disease Vector- aphid Morse code like dots
Banana mosaic / Cucumber mosaic virus (ssRNA) Vector- aphid
Infection chlorosis/ Heart rot
Banana bract mosaic Banana bract mosaic virus aphid

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33. Pomegranate
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora punicae
Anthracnose Colletotrichum gleosporoides Dumbell shaped conidia
Bacterial leaf spot Xanthomonas axanopodis pv L or Y – shaped fruit cracking
punicae
34. Grapes
PM Uncinula necator Cracking of skin
Oidium tuckeri Irregular shape
DM Plasmopora viticola Premature defoliation
Mummified fruits
Anthracnose / bird eye disease Elsinoe ampelina Shot hole symptoms.
Fs: Gloeospordium ampeloticum Mummification and shedding berries
Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria vitis
Bacterial leaf spot Pseudomonas viticola From s.v. ag. College of tirupathi
Rust Phakopsora euvitis Heterocious. macrocycli

35. Apple
Scab Venturia inequalis From Sweden
PM Podosphaera leucotricha Young fruits net like

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 rusetting
Fire blight of apple Erwinia amylovora Shepherd crooks
Crown Gall of apple Agrobacterium tumifaciens

36. Chilli
Foot rot/ phytophthora rot Phytophthora capsici Sunken pink spots concentric rings
Damping off Pythium aphinidermatum
P. debaryanum
Die back and fruit rot/ anthracnose Colletotrichum capsisci External seed borne.
Glomerella cingulata
Bacterial wilt Ralstonia solanacearum
PM Levillula taurica
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora capsici
Bacterial leaf spot Xanthomonas campestris pv
vesicatoria
Murda complex Mites, thrips, whitefly, leaf curl
virus

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37. Brinjal
Little leaf Phytoplasma Bushy appearance
Bacterial wilt/ Brown Rot Ralstonia solanacearum
Phomopsis fruit rot or blight Phomopsis vexans Diaporthe vexans

38. Bhendi
Yellow vein mosaic Bhendi vein clearing virus whitefly
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora malayensis
C. abelmoschi
PM Erysiphe cichoracearum

39. Potato
Late blight (Andes) SA Phytopthera infestans Purple to brown spots
Common scab Streptomyces scabies
Wart Synchytrium endobioticum Cocks comb
Black leg (soft rot) Erwinia caratovora Inky black spot
Bacterial wilt Ralstonia solanacearum
Stem canker Rhyzoctonia solani
Mild mosaic / internal mosaic (Potato virus X) PVX

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Severe mosaic PVY aphid
Leaf roll Potato leaf roll virus aphid
Potato spindle tuber Viroid Discovered by T.O Diner

40. Tomato
a) Early blight Alternaria solani
b) Stemphyllum leaf spot Stemphyllium lycopersci

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