Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Blepharis integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. & Drège ex
LC
Schinz
Eranthemum capense L. LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gymnostachyum hirsutum T.Anderson EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hygrophila heinei Sreem # Hygrophila helodes Heine CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Hemiadelphis polysperma
Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T.Anderson EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
(Roxb.) Nees
Brillantaisia thwaitesii
Hygrophila thwaitesii (T.Anderson) Heine CR(PE)
(T.Anderson) L.H.Cramer
E: Malabar nut;
S: Adhathoda, Agal
Justicia adhatoda L. adara, Pavetta, LC
Wenepala,
T: Adhatodai, Pavettai
Justicia capitata (T.Anderson ex Hook.f.)
CR(PE)
L.H.Cramer
16
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Justicia hookeriana (Nees) T.Anderson EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lepidagathis ceylanica Nees CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
17
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes adenophora Nees VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes habracanthoides J.R.I.Wood VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes helicoides (Nees) T.Anderson EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes laxa T.Anderson EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes nockii Trimen EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes punctata Nees EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes rhamnifolia var. minor Terao ex B1ab(i,ii,iii)
CR
J.R.I.Wood ▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes rhamnifolia var. rhamnifolia Strobilanthes rhamnifolia B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
(Nees) T.Anderson (Nees) T.Anderson +2ab(i,ii,iii)
18
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Strobilanthes sexennis var. cerinthoides (Nees) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
CR
Clarke ▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes sexennis var. cordata
CR(PE)
J.R.I.Wood ▲
Strobilanthes sexennis var. glaberrima J.R.I. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
CR
Wood ▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes sexennis var. hirtsutissima (Nees) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
C.B.Clarke.▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes sexennis var. oblongifolia J.R.I.
CR(PE)
Wood ▲
Strobilanthes sexennis (Nees) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes sexennis var. sexennis Nees VU
T.Anders. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes stenodon C.B.Clarke EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes vestita Nees VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes viscosa var. digitalis (Nees) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
C.B.Clarke ▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes viscosa var. viscosa (Arn. ex Nees) Strobilanthes viscosa (Arn. ex B1ab(i,ii,iii)
VU
T.Anderson Nees) T.Anders. +2ab (i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes walkeri var. macrosperma B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
J.R.I.Wood ▲ +2ab (i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes walkeri Arn. ex
Strobilanthes walkeri var. walkeri Arn. ex Nees VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Nees
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Strobilanthes zeylanica T.Anderson VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Thunbergia laevis var. levis Wall. ex Nees Thunbergia laevis Wall. ex Nees S: Saban pitcha DD
Family: Achariaceae
S: Gomma, Makulla,
Patma;
Chlorocarpa pentaschista Alston VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Attuchankulai,
Attuchankular
S: Makulu, Makulla,
Hydnocarpus venenatus Gaertn. Hydnocarpus venenata Gaertn. Makitiya; LC
T: Makul
S: Hal-milla, Keti-kesali,
Tetti gas, Titta-eta,
Trichadenia zeylanica Thwaites LC
Titta,Tolol
19
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Family: Aizoaceae
S: Maha-sarana;
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. LC
T: Vankiruvilai
Family: Alismataceae
Family: Amaranthaceae
S: Gas-karal-heba,
Karalsebo,
Achyranthes aspera L. Wal-karal-heba, LC
Wel-karal-sebo;
T: Nayururi
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Achyranthes bidentata Blume CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Pol-kudu-pala,
Aerva javanica (Burm f.) Juss. ex Schult. Pol-pala; CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Sirm-pulai
S: Mukunu-wenna,
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. Mugunuwenna; LC
T: Ponankani
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Celosia polygonoides Retz. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Celosia pulchella Moq. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bin-karal-heba,
Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bin-karal-sebo
S: Tampala;
Nothosaerva brachiata (L.) Wight NT
T: Chirupilai
Ouret lanata (L.) Kuntze
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. S: Pol-kudu-pala, Pol-pala LC
20
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
T: Umiri, Umuddi,
Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. NT
Umunddi
T: Umiri, Umuddi,
Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. NT
Umunddi
Tecticornia indica (Willd.) K.A.Sheph. & Paul Halosarcia indica (Willd.) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Kotanai EN
G.Wilson P.G.Wilson + 2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Amaryllidaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Allium hookeri Thwaites CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crinum latifolium L. S: Goda-manel VU
+2ab( i,ii,iii)
Crinum viviparum (Lam.) R.Ansari & V.J.Nair Crinum defixum Ker-Gawl. S: Heen-tolabo LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv
Pancratium biflorum Roxb. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
Family: Anacardiaceae
Semecarpus acuminata
Semecarpus acuminatus Thwaites S: Badulla VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Thwaites
21
Scientific Names in Red List 2012 or
Family/Scientific Name Revised hand book to the flora of Common Names NCS Criteria
Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Semecarpus obovatus Moon ex Thwaites Semecarpus obovata Moon S: Kalu-badulla EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Hog plum;
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz S: Wal amberella; DD
T: Ampallai
Family: Ancistrocladaceae
S: Gona-wel, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ancistrocladus hamatus (Vahl) Gilg VU
Yakada-wel +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Anisophyllaceae
S: Weli-piyanna,
Anisophyllea cinnamomoides (Gardner &
Weli-penna NT
Champ.) Alston
Family: Annonaceae
S: Kalu-bambara-wel,
Artabotrys zeylanicus Hook.f. & Thomson Patika-wel, LC
Yakada-wel
S: I-petta, Kekala,
Cyathocalyx zeylanicus Champ. ex Hook.f. & Cyathocalyx zeylanica Champ. ex
Kotala, Ini-petta, LC
Thomson Hook.f. & Thoms.
Watti weti
22
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
S: Kudu-mirissa, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Desmos elegans (Thwaites) Saff. EN
Kukurmana +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Desmos zeylanica (Hook.f. &
Desmos zeylanicus (Hook.f. & Thomson) Saff. NT
Thoms.) Safford
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Finet & Gagnep. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Miliusa zeylanica Gardner ex Hook.f. &
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Thomson
Mitrephora heyneana (Hook.f. & Thomson)
NT
Thwaites
Monoon acuminatum (Thwaites) B.Xue & Enicosanthum acuminatum S: Ini-pettu, I-pettu, Mal
LC
R.M.K.Saunders (Thwaites) Airy Shaw lawulu, Malolu
Polyalthia coffeoides
Monoon coffeoides (Thwaites ex Hook.f. & S: Omara;
(Thwaites ex Hook.f. & LC
Thomson) B.Xue & R.M.K.Saunders T: Katilla, Nedunari
Thoms.) Thwaites
S: Devadara, I-petta,
Monoon longifolium (Sonn.) B.Xue & Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) O-lila, O-wila;
LC
R.M.K.Saunders Thwaites T: Assathi, Marai-illipa,
Mara-iluppai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phoenicanthus coriacea (Thwaites) H.Huber S: Keku EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Phoenicanthus obliquus (Hook.f. & Thomson) Phoenicanthus obliqua (Hook.f.
NT
Alston & Thomson) Alston
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sageraea zeylanica Heusden VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Uvaria littoralis (Blume) Blume Uvaria cordata (Dunal) Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
23
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the Common Names NCS Criteria
flora of Ceylon
S: Palanga, Palu-kan;
Uvaria zeylanica L. T: Kalu-veppal, LC
Karu-veppal
S: Heen-kenda;
Xylopia nigricans Hook.f. & Thomson NT
T: See-vindai
Family: Apiaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bupleurum hakgalense Klack. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bupleurum ramosissimum Wight & Arn. S: Wal-enduru VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Gotukola,
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Heen-gotukola; LC
T: Vallarai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pimpinella leschenaultii DC. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Apocynaceae
S: Ruk-attana, Eth-mada;
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. T: Elilaipattai, Elilaippalai, LC
Mukanpelai
Anodendron paniculatum A.DC.
Anodendron parviflorum (Roxb.) I.M.Turner Anodendron rhinosporum S: As-wel, Dul, Girandi-ul VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Thwaites
Boucerosia umbellata (Haw.) Wight & Arn. Caralluma umbellata Haw. S: Weluk EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Ela-wara, Hela-wara,
Mudu-wara, Wara;
Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton LC
T: Errukalai, Manakkovil,
Urukkovil
24
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)
Caralluma fimbriata Wall. # T: Mankalli CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Haw.
S: Maha-karamba;
Carissa carandas L. DD
T: Kalaka, Perunkila
S: Heen-karamba;
Carissa spinarum L. Carissa inermis Vahl T: Chirukila, Chirukula, LC
Kilatti
S: Gon-kaduru;
Cerbera odollam Gaertn. LC
T: Nangi-ma
Ceropegia candelabrum subsp. S: Muttu-pala,
Ceropegia candelabrum var. biflora (L.) Ansari ▲ LC
tuberosa (Roxb.) Huber Wel-mottu
S: Muttu-pala,
Ceropegia candelabrum var. candelabrum L. Ceropegia candelabrum L. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Wel-mottu
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ceropegia elegans Wall. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ceropegia juncea Roxb. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Brachystelma lankana B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ceropegia lankana (Dassan. & Jayas.) Bruyns CR
Dassanayake & Jayasuriya +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bu-kiri-wel,
Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Alston Bu-wal-anguna, VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eulu-wel-anguna
Cosmostigma racemosum
Cosmostigma cordatum (Poir.) M.R.Almeida CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
(Roxb.) Wight
Cryptolepis buchananii Roem.&
Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) M.R.Almeida S: Kiri-vel, Wel-rukattana VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Schult.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cynanchum alatum Wight & Arn. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Cynanchum annularium (Roxb.) Liede & Holostemma annulare (Roxb.)
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Khanum K.Schum.
B2ab(i,ii,iii),
Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston S: Kan-kumbala EN
A2
Cynanchum viminale subsp. brunonianum Sarcostemma brunonianum S: Mudukanda,
NT
(Wight & Arn.) Meve & Liede Wight & Arn. ex Wight. Muwakeeriya
25
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
S: Heen-iramusu,
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. LC
Iramusu; T: Nannari
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hoya pauciflora Wight S: Heen-aramessa EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Gerandi-dul,
Ichnocarpus frutescens ( L.) W.T.Aiton Gerandi-wel, Gopi, LC
Kiri-wel, Priyawarna
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Marsdenia brunoniana Wight & Arn. S: Et-anguna CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Gymnema lactiferum (L.) R.Br.
Marsdenia lactifera (L.) I.M.Turner T: Kurinnan NT
ex Schult.
S: Langali,
Maha-meda-hangu,
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. LC
Meda-hangu, Wissani;
T: Uttamakam, Veliparatii
S: Kukul-kaduru,
Petchia ceylanica (Wight) Livera Wasa-kaduru, NT
Wal-kaduru
S: Ekaweriya, Nakula,
Rath-ekaweriya; B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz EN
T: Chivan-ampelpodi, +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Covannamilpori
Rauvolfia densiflora (Wall.)
Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. LC
Benth. ex Hook.f.
E: Eve’s apple,
Pagiantha dichotoma (Roxb.) Forbidden fruit;
Tabernaemontana dichotoma Roxb. ex Wall. LC
Markgraf S: Divi kaduru;
T: Nanthia-vattai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Kuntze EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Vincetoxicum bracteatum (Thunb.) Meve & Tylophora pauciflora Wight & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
CR
Liede Arn. ex Wight +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vincetoxicum cordifolium (Thwaites) Kuntze Tylophora cordifolia Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
26
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Vincetoxicum fasciculatum (Buch.-Ham. ex Tylophora fasciculata Buch.
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Wight) Kuntze -Ham. ex Wight
Vincetoxicum flexuosum var. tenuis (Blume) Tylophora tenuissima (Roxb.)
LC
Schneidt, Meve & Liede Wight & Arn. ex Wight
Vincetoxicum indicum var. glabrum (Decne.) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Mudu-bin-nuga EN
A.Kidyoo▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Wild ipecacuanha;
S: Bim-nuga, Bin-nuga,
Vincetoxicum indicum var. indicum (Burm.f.) Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr.
Mi-nuga; LC
Mabb.
T: Nancharapanchan,
Pey-Palai
Vincetoxicum indicum var. intermedium
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
(M.A.Rahman & Wilcock) Meve & Liede *
Tylophora multiflora (Wight &
Vincetoxicum iphisia Meve & Liede CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Arn. ex Wight) Alston
Vincetoxicum zeylanicum (Decne.) Meve &
Tylophora zeylanica Decne CR(PE)
Liede
S: Anguna, Anukkola,
Kiri-anguna,
Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf LC
Thitha-anguna;
T: Kodi-Palai, Kurincha
Family: Aponogetonaceae
B1b (iii,iv),
C (iv)
Aponogeton dassanayakei Manaw. & Yakand.* EN
+2b(iii,iv),
C (iv)
Family: Aquifoliaceae
BIab(iii,iv)
Ilex denticulata Wall. ex Wight EN
+2ab(iii,iv)
B1ab(iii,iv)
Ilex knucklesensis Philcox EN
+2ab(iii,iv)
27
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Family: Araceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.)
S: Kidaran; T: Karunai CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Nicolson
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott S: Wal-kidaran EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cryptocoryne alba de Wit CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cryptocoryne bogneri Rataj CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cryptocoryne parva de Wit EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cryptocoryne thwaitesii Schott EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cryptocoryne x willisii Reitz CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lagenandra jacobsenii de Wit EN +2ab(i,ii,iii),
A2d
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lagenandra koenigii (Schott) Thwaites EN +2ab(i,ii,iii),
A2d
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lagenandra lancifolia (Schott) Thwaites S: Ati-udayan EN +2ab(i,ii,iii),
A2d
28
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the Common Names NCS Criteria
flora of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lagenandra thwaitesii Engl. S: Ridi kethala EN +2ab(i,ii,iii),
A2d
S: Angili kohila, Kohila,
Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites Maha-kohila LC
E: Water lettuce;
Pistia stratiotes L. LC
S: Diya-paradel
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pothos parvispadix Nicolson EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pothos remotiflorus Hook. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott S: Dada-kehel, Wel-kohila CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Schott S: Nil-walla, Nil-wella EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Araliaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Polyscias acuminata (Wight) Seem. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Schefflera emarginata (Moon) Harms VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Schefflera exaltata (Thwaites) Frodin EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
29
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
S: Ittha, Itta-wel,
Schefflera stellata (Gaertn.) Baill. LC
Maha-itta-wel
Family: Arecaceae
S: Lenatheriya, Lenteri, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Areca concinna Thwaites EN
Lenteri-puwak +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Calamus delicatulus Thwaites S: Nara-wel EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Calamus digitatus Becc. S: Kukulu-wel VU +2ab(i,ii,iii),
CC1
S: Ela-wel, Ela-wewel,
Calamus rivalis Thwaites ex
Calamus metzianus Schltdl. Kaha-wewel VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Trimen
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Sudu-wewel,
Calamus ovoideus Thwaites ex Trimen VU +2ab(i,ii,iii),
Tambutu-wel, Thudarena
CC1
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Calamus pachystemonus Thwaites S: Kukulu-wel EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Heen-wewel, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Calamus pseudotenuis Becc. VU
Kola-hangala +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Calamus radiatus Thwaites S: Kukulu-wel VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Heen-wewel,
Polonnaru-wewel,
Calamus rotang L. NT
Wewel;
T: Pirambu
S: Kath-wel, Ma-wewel,
Puwak-wel, B1ab(i,ii,iii),
Calamus thwaitesii Becc. VU
Wanduru-wel; A2d
T: Periya pirambu
E: Water coconut;
Nypa fruticans Wurmb VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Gin-pol
Oncosperma fasciculatum Thwaites S: Katu-kitul, Rata-kitul VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Aristolochiaceae
S: Sapsanda;
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. T: Aduthinnapalai, NT
Adutintappalai
E: Indian birth worth;
S: Sapsanda;
T: Adagam, Isadesatti,
Isuru, Isurumli, Isuruver,
Aristolochia indica L. LC
Iyavari, Karudakkodi,
Kirttikodi, Neya,
Perumarrrindu,
Sasugade
S: Thapasara bulath,
Thottea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou Thapasa bulath LC
30
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Family: Asparagaceae
S: Hathawariya;
Asparagus racemosus Willd. LC
T: Chattavari
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Chlorophytum heynei Baker CR
+2ab( i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker EN
+2ab( i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dipcadi montanum (Dalzell) Barker CR
+2ab( i,ii,iii)
E: Bow-string hemp;
Dracaena zeylanica (L.) Mabb. Sansevieria zeylanica (L.) Willd. S: Niyanda; NT
T: Maral
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop CR
+2ab( i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Drimia rupicola (Trimen) Dassan. EN
+2ab( i,ii,iii)
Scilla hyacinthina (Routh)
Ledebouria revoluta (L.f.) Jessop NT
Macbridge
Family: Asphodelaceae
Family: Asteraceae
31
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Adenostemma lavenia var. lavenia (L.)Kuntz Adenostemma lavenia (L.) Kuntze S: Laveniya VU B1ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Anaphalis brevifolia DC. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Anaphalis marcescens (Wight) C.B.Clarke EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Anaphalis pelliculata Trimen EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Anaphalis pseudocinnamomea Grierson EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Mugwort;
Artemisia indica Willd. # Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Bess LC
S: Wal-kolondu
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Blepharispermum petiolare DC. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Blumea barbata DC. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Blumea crinita Arn. CR
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Blumea hieracifolia var. flexuosa (C.B.Clarke) Blumea hieracifolia var. flexuosa
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Randeria (D.Don) DC.
S: Muda-mahana;
Blumea obliqua (L.) Druce LC
T: Nara-karamba
32
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS
of Ceylon Criteria
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Blumea zeylanica Grierson CR
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
S: Heen-kimbu, Visa
Centipeda minima (L.) A.Br. & Asch.▲ chunniya, Visaduli; DD
T: Marukolunthu
Cissampelopsis corymbosa (Wall. ex DC.) Senecio corymbosus Wall. ex
LC
C.Jeffrey & Y.L.Chen DC.
S: Et-adi;
Elephantopus scaber L. LC
T: Anichovadi
S: Hulan-Tala, Kadupara;
T: Elunthani, Ilaip,
Emilia exserta Fosberg LC
Inumpatti-pillu,
Musalkal-pillu, Patti
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Emilia speeseae Fosberg VU
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Emilia zeylanica var. walkeri (Hook.f.) Trimen▲ EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Emilia zeylanica var. zeylanica C.B.Clarke Emilia zeylanica C.B.Clarke EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
33
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Gynura lycopersicifolia subsp. lycopersicifolia B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gynura lycopersicifolia DC. CR
DC. + 2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Hulan-tala, Wal
tampala;
Gynura lycopersicifolia subsp.
T: Mookuthi, Pangi Pillu, LC
taprobanensis Grierson▲
Pattu-nal, Singula, Tunda,
Thandu cheddi
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gynura zeylanica Trimen EN
+ 2ab(i,ii,iii)
Helichrysum buddlejoides var. hookerianum B1ab(i,ii,iii)
VU
(Wight & Arn.) Hook.f. +2ab (i,ii,iii)
S: Heen-botiya, Papula,
Jeffreycia zeylanica (L.) H.Rob., S.C.Keeley &
Vernonia zeylanica (L.) Less Pupula; LC
Skvarla
T: Kappilay, Kuppilay
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Myriactis wightii DC. VU
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Blumea membranacea Wall.
Pluchea paniculata (Willd.) Karthik. & Moorthy NT
ex DC.
S: Aet-maha-mahana,
Sphaeranthus indicus L. LC
Mudu mahana
Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck)
Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski S: Ranwan kikirindi LC
Merr.
S: Kobo-mella, Mal
Strobocalyx arborea (Buch.-Ham.) Sch.Bip. Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
gedumba
34
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
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of Ceylon
Uniyala anceps (C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.) H.Rob. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vernonia anceps C.B.Clarke EN
& Skvarla +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Uniyala wightiana (Arn.) H.Rob. & Skvarla Vernonia wightiana Arn. S: Konde VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Balanophoraceae
Balanophora fungosa subsp. indica (Arn.) Balanophora fungosa J.R. & G. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
B.Hansen Forst. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Balsaminaceae
S: Diya-kudalu,
Hydrocera triflora (L.) Wight & Arn. LC
Wal-kudalu
A2;
Impatiens acaulis Arn. E: Balsam VU
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens appendiculata Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens arnottii Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens ciliifolia subsp. ciliifolia Grey- B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens ciliifolia Grey-Wilson EN
Wilson +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens ciliifolia subsp. sinharajensis Grey- B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Wilson ▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens grandis B.Heyne EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens henslowiana Arn. VU
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens janthina Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens leucantha Thwaites CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens linearis Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens macrophylla Gardner ex Hook. VU
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Impatiens oppositifolia L. NT
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens repens Moon ex Wight S: Gal-demata EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens subcordata Arn. CR
+ 2ab(i,ii,iii)
35
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens taprobanica Hiern EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Impatiens thwaitesii Hook.f. ex Grey-Wilson VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Basellaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Basella alba L. S: Niviti; T: Pasalai EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Begoniaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Begonia dipetala R.Graham EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Hak-ambala,
Begonia malabarica Lam. NT
Maha-hak-ambala
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Begonia subpeltata Wight CR
+2ab( i,ii,iii)
Begonia tenera var. tenera Dryand. Begonia tenera Dryand. S: Bim-hak-ambala EN B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Berberidaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Berberis wightiana C.K.Schneid. E: Barberry CR
+2ab( i,ii,iii)
Family: Bignoniaceae
S: Diya-danga;
Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) Seem. NT
T: Vil-padri
S: Dunu-madala, Lunu
Stereospermum colais (Dillwyn)
Stereospermum tetragonum DC. madala; LC
Mabb.
T: Padri
Family: Boraginaceae
S: Lolu;
Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. LC
T: Naruvilli, Vidi
S: Bijupath lolu;
Cordia monoica Roxb. LC
T: Naruvili, Ponnaruvili
36
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
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of Ceylon
T: Addula,
Ehretia aspera Willd. Ehretia laevis Roxb. LC
Chiru-pulichchul
S: Heen-thambala;
Ehretia microphylla Lam. Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. LC
T: pakkuvetti
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Heliotropium arboreum (Blanco) Mabb. Tournefortia argentea L. f. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Heliotropium supinum L. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Heliotropium zeylanicum (Burm.f.) Lam. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Tournefortia walkerae C.B.Clarke CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Brassicaceae
T: Kadagooppulloo,
Cardamine hirsuta L.▲ DD
Kadukuppillu
Family: Burmanniaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Burmannia championii Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Burmannia coelestis D.Don EN +2ab(i,ii,iii)
+CC2a
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Thismia gardneriana Hook.f. ex Thwaites CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Burseraceae
S: Dik-kakuna, Kekuna;
Canarium zeylanicum (Retz.) Blume VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Pakkilipal
37
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scutinanthe brunnea Thwaites S: Maha-bulu- mora EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Buxaceae
Family: Cactaceae
Family: Calophyllaceae
S: Batu-keena,
Calophyllum acidus Kosterm. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dehi-keena
S: Guru-keena,
Calophyllum calaba var. calaba L.# Calophyllum calaba L. Heen keena; DD
T: Chirupunnai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Calophyllum cordato-oblongum Thwaites S: Kalu-keena EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Calophyllum cuneifolium Thwaites S: Keena CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Alexandrian laurel;
S: Domba, Tel-domba;
Calophyllum inophyllum L. LC
T: Dommakottai, Punnai,
Punnaigam
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Calophyllum lankaensis Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Domba-keena,
Calophyllum moonii Wight VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Mapal keena
S: Keena, Tel-keena;
Calophyllum tomentosum Wight VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Pongu
Calophyllum zeylanicum
Calophyllum trapezifolium Thwaites S: Keena VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Kosterm.
S: Keena, Tel-keena;
Calophyllum walkeri Wight VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Pongu
38
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Family: Campanulaceae
Lobelia zeylanica L. LC
Family: Cannabaceae
S: Meditella;
Celtis philippensis Blanco LC
T: Vellathorasay
S: Gurenda;
Celtis timorensis Span. LC
T: Pinari
E: Charcoal tree;
Trema orientale (L.) Blume LC
S: Gadumba
Family: Capparaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce T: Vili EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Maya adikkuruntu,
Cadaba trifoliata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oothi perali
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Capparis floribunda Wight CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Balal-katu;
Capparis rotundifolia Rottler T: Karunchurai, LC
Pichchuvilatti
S: Kalu-illan-gedi;
Capparis roxburghii DC. T: Punai-virandi, LC
Velungiriya
S: Rila-katu;
Capparis sepiaria L. LC
T: Karunchurai
39
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Capparis tenera Dalz. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Sudu-welangiriya,
Capparis zeylanica L. Welangiriya; LC
T: Kattoddi, Vennachchi
Crateva adansonii subsp. odora (Buch.-Ham.) S: Lunu-warana;
Crateva adansonii D.C. LC
Jacobs. T: Navala, Navilankai
Family: Caprifoliaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Valeriana moonii Arn. ex C.B.Clarke CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Caryophyllaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Polycarpaea aurea Wight & Arn. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Celastraceae
S: Nareloo, Neraloo;
Cassine balae Kosterm. LC
T: Perun, Piyaree
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cassine congylos Kosterm. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Celastrus paniculatus Willd. S: Duhundu EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Neralu;
Elaeodendron glaucum (Rottb.) Pers. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze LC
T: Piyari, Perunpiyari
40
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the Common Names NCS Criteria
flora of Ceylon
Glyptopetalum zeylanicum var. zeylanicum
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Thwaites
Maytenus emarginata (Willd.)
Gymnosporia emarginata (Willd.) Thwaites LC
Ding Hou
Maytenus fruticosa (Thwaites)
Gymnosporia fruticosa (Willd.) Thwaites CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Loes
A2d,
Kokoona zeylanica Thwaites S: Kokun, Wana-potu EN B1ab(i,ii,iii)
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Loeseneriella africana var. obtusifolia (Roxb.) Loeseneriella africana (Willd.)
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
N.Hallé Wilczek
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Loeseneriella macrantha (Korth.) A.C.Sm. S: Diya-kirindi-wel EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Panakka, Piyari;
Pleurostylia opposita (Wall.) Alston NT
T: Chiru, Piyari
Loeseneriella arnottiana
Pristimera arnottiana (Wight) R.H.Archer S: Sudu-nawu-wel EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
(Wight) A. C. Smith
Family: Centroplacaceae
S: Et-heraliya, Palen,
Bhesa ceylanica (Arn. ex Thwaites) Ding Hou Pelang, Uru-honda; LC
T: Konnai
Family: Ceratophyllaceae
Ceratophyllum demersum L. NT
Family: Chloranthaceae
Family: Cleomaceae
S: Wela;
Cleome gynandra L. LC
T: Tayirvalai
41
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Family: Clusiaceae
E: Gamboge;
Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr. S: Gokatu, Kana gorake, NT
Kokatiya,
S: Goraka, Rat-goraka;
Garcinia quaesita Pierre LC
T: Korakkaipuli
S: Ela-gokatu, Gonapana;
Garcinia spicata (Wight & Arn.) Hook.f. NT
T: Kokottai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Garcinia thwaitesii Pierre EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Garcinia zeylanica Roxb. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Colchicaceae
Family: Combretaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Combretum acuminatum Roxb. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Beriya;
Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. NT
T: Tipparuthin
Anogeissus latifolius (Roxb.) S: Dawu;
Terminalia anogeissiana Gere & Boatwr. LC
Beddome T: Vekkali, Velai naga
S: Kumbulu, Kumbuk;
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. LC
T: Marutu
E: Myrabalans;
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. S: Bulu; LC
T: Ahdan-koddai, Tant
E: Gall-nut, Ink nut,
Myrabalans;
Terminalia chebula Retz. LC
S: Aralu;
T: Kadukkay
42
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
S: Hampalanda,
Terminalia zeylanica Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. NT
Hanpalanda
Family: Commelinaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Commelina appendiculata C.B.Clarke EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Commelina clavata C.B.Clarke VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cyanotis ceylanica Hassk. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dictyospermum montanum Wight VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dictyospermum ovalifolium Wight EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Floscopa scandens Lour. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Murdannia audreyae Faden EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Murdannia blumei (Hassk.) Brenan EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
43
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Murdannia dimorphoides subsp. perennis
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Faden ▲
Murdannia esculenta (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke)
NT
Abeyw.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Murdannia gigantea (Vahl) G.Brückn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Murdannia glauca (Thwaites ex C.B.Clarke) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
CR
G.Brückn. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Murdannia lanceolata (Wight) Kammathy EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Murdannia loriformis (Hassk.) R.S.Rao &
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Kammathy
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhopalephora scaberrima (Blume) Faden EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Connaraceae
S: Radaliya;
Connarus monocarpus L. LC
T: Chettupulukodi
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ellipanthus unifoliolatus (Thwaites) Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Goda-kirindi,
Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Alston LC
Kirindi-wel
Family: Convolvulaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Argyreia elliptica (Roth) Choisy EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
44
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bonamia semidigyna (Roxb.) Hallier f. S: Bu-wasa-thel-kola EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Camonea pilosa (Houtt.) A.R.Simões & Staples
Merremia umbellata (L.) Hall.f. S: Kiri madu, Mahamadu LC
s.l.#
Camonea vitifolia (Burm.f.) A.R.Simões &
DD
Staples ▲
E: Dodder;
Cuscuta chinensis Lam. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Aga-mula-neti-wel
E: Dodder; B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cuscuta reflexa var. reflexa Roxb. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. VU
S: Aga-mula-neti-wel +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Atamberiya,
Erycibe paniculata Roxb. LC
Etamberiya, Eta-miriya
S: Visnu-kranti;
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. LC
T: Vichnu kiranti
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ipomoea campanulata L. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Ipomoea stolonifera (Cyrill.)
Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Gmelin
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ipomoea jucunda Thwaites CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ipomoea littoralis Blume S: Tel-kola EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Tel-kola, Tel-vel,
Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl. LC
Waha-tel
S: Bin-tamburu,
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br. Mudu-bin-tamburu, LC
Muhudu bim-thamburu
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ipomoea pileata Roxb. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Ipomoea marginata (Desr.) S: Rasa-tel-kola;
Ipomoea sagittifolia Burm.f. LC
Manitz. T: Tali
45
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
S: Ma-banda,
Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Maha-banda
S: Hawari-madu,
Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F.Austin & Staples Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall.f. Heen madu; LC
T: Mudiyakuntal
Family: Cornaceae
Family: Costaceae
Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta Costus speciosus (Koenig) Smith S: Koltan, Tebu LC
Family : Crassulaceae
Family: Crypteroniaceae
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Cucumis leiospermus (Wight & Arn.) Ghebret. Mukia leiosperma (Wight &
CR(PE)
& Thulin Arn.) Wight
S: Gon-kekiri,
Mukia maderaspatana (L.) Heen-kekiri, Kekiri,
Cucumis maderaspatanus L. LC
M.Roemer Lene-kekiri;
T: Mochumochukkai
46
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Kedrostis courtallensis (Arn.) C.Jeffrey S: Kawudu-kekiri VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Batu-karavila, Karavila;
Momordica charantia L. LC
T: Pakal, Nuti-pakal
S: Mal-tumba,
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Tumba-karawila; LC
T: Paluppakal, Tumpai
S: Kawudu-kekeiri,
Solena umbellata (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) W.J.de Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.)
Tela beriya; LC
Wilde & Duyfjes. Gandhi
T: Peyppudal
S: Titta-hondala;
Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt. # Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. LC
T: Anakoruthi
S: Dum-mella,
Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Kunu-mella; LC
T: Pudal
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Trichosanthes nervifolia L. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Gymnopetalum integrifolium
Trichosanthes scabra Lour. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Roxb.) Kurz
Family: Cymodoceaceae
47
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of Ceylon
Family: Cyperaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex baccans Nees VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex breviscapa C.B.Clarke EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex filicina subsp. ceylanica B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex ceylanica Boeckeler ▲ VU
(Boeckeler) T.Koyama +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex filicina Nees VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex jackiana Boott VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex ligulata Nees EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex lindleyana Nees VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex maculata Boott EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex phacota Spreng. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex rara subsp. patanicola T.Koyama CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
48
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex taprobanensis T.Koyama CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carex walkeri Arn. ex Boott VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck)
Cyperus albescens (Steud.) Larridon & Govaerts LC
Kern
Cyperus articulatus L. DD
Cyperus compressus L. LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Cyperus difformis L. LC
49
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of Ceylon
S: Ramba;
Cyperus javanicus Houtt. LC
T: Irampai
Cyperus neochinensis (Tang & F.T.Wang) Bauters Rikliella squarrosa (L.) Raynal LC
50
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of Ceylon
S: Kalanduru;
Cyperus rotundus L. LC
T: Korai
Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl)
Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl NT
Nees ex Clarke
Cyperus sesquiflorus subsp. sesquiflorus (Torr.) Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.)
DD
Mattf. & Kük. Mattf. & Kük.
Cyperus sesquiflorus var. cylindricus (Nees)
DD
T.Koyama▲
Cyperus squarrosus L. LC
B1ab(I,ii,iii)
Eleocharis confervoides (Poir.) Steud. CR
+2ab(I,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eleocharis lankana T.Koyama EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Eleocharis pellucida var. pellucida J.Presl & Eleocharis congesta subsp.
DD
C.Presl ▲ Japonica (Miq.) T.Koyama
Eleocharis retroflexa subsp. chaetaria (Roem. &
DD
Schult.) T.Koyama ▲
Eleocharis retroflexa subsp. retroflexa (Poir.)
Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb. DD
Urb.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz) Vahl EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Frossk.) Bubani EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
51
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Fimbristylis consanguinea Kunth EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea (Roth)
Fimbristylis cymosa R.Br. LC
T.Koyama
Fimbristylis dichotoma subsp. dichotoma.(L.)
Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl LC
Vahl
Fimbristylis dichotoma subsp. glauca (Vahl)
LC
T.Koyama ▲
Fimbristylis dichotoma subsp. podocarpa
LC
(Nees) T.Koyama ▲
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Fimbristylis dura (Zoll.& Moritzi) Merr. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Fimbristylis fulvescens (Thwaites) Thwaites Fimbristylis fusca (Nees) Clark EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Fimbristylis zeylanica T.Koyama CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
52
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scleria corymbosa Roxb. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scleria levis Retz. S: Goda karawu VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Scleria lithosperma var. lithosperma (L.) Sw. Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. LC
53
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of Ceylon
Scleria lithosperma var. linearis (Benth.) T.
LC
Koyama ▲
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scleria multilacunosa T.Koyama CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scleria neesii Kunth S: Bakamunu-tana EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scleria oblata S.T.Blake ex J.Kern CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scleria parvula Steud. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scleria thwaitesiana Boeckeler VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Trichophorum subcapitatum (Thwaites &
CR(PE)
Hook.) D.A.Simpson
Family: Daphniphyllaceae
Family: Dichapetalaceae
Family: Dilleniaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Acrotrema dissectum Thwaites CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Acrotrema intermedium Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Acrotrema lanceolatum Hook. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Acrotrema lyratum Thwaites S: Bin-beru EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Acrotrema thwaitesii Hook.f. & Thomson CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bim-beru, Ettadi,
Acrotrema uniflorum Hook. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gondiwa, Passana
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Acrotrema walkeri Wight ex Thwaites S: Bim-beru, Ulwerreni VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
54
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of Ceylon
S: Hondapara,
Dillenia indica L. Wam-para; LC
T: Akku
S: Heen-kekiri-wara,
Schumacheria angustifolia Hook.f. & Thomson EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Kikeri-wera
S: Heen-kekiri-wara,
Schumacheria castaneifolia Vahl LC
Kekiri-wara
S: Korossa-wal, Korasa,
Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl LC
Korass-wel
Family: Dioscoreaceae
E: Aerial yam,
Potato yam;
S: Bakamuna-wel,
Dioscorea bulbifera L. LC
Panu-kondol, Udala;
T: Mothaka valli (wild),
Rasa valli (cultivars)
S: Gonala,
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dioscorea koyamae Jayas. Kahata-gonala, EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Kiri-gonala
S: Gonala, Hiritala,
Dioscorea oppositifolia L. NT
Kitala, Viala
S: Katu-ala, Katuwala-ala;
Dioscorea pentaphylla L. LC
T: Allai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dioscorea trimenii Prain & Burkill S: Dahiya-ala EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Dipterocarpaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Balanocarpus kitulgallensis Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Cotylelobium lewisianum (Trimen ex Hook.f.) Vatica lewisiana (Trimen ex B1ab(i,ii,iii)
CR
P.S.Ashton Hook.f.) Livera +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Cotylelobium scabriusculum (Thwaites) Sunaptea scabriuscula B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Na-mendora EN
Brandis (Thwaites) Trimen +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dipterocarpus glandulosus Thwaites S: Dorana EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
55
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hopea brevipetiolaris (Thwaites ex Trimen) Balanocarpus brevipetiolaris
EN +2ab(i,ii,iii),
P.S.Ashton (Thwaites) Alston
A1a
S: Mendora, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hopea cordifolia (Thwaites) Trimen EN
Uva-mendora +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hopea discolor Thwaites S: Peely-dun, Ratu-dun EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hopea modesta Thwaites ex A.DC. S: Pini-beraliya VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Beraliya-dun,
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea affinis (Thwaites) P.S.Ashton Doona affinis Thwaites Miris-dun, VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Pathuru yakahalu
S: Tiniya, Thinniya, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea congestiflora (Thwaites) P.S.Ashton Doona congestiflora Thwaites VU
Tiniyadun +2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Red doon;
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea cordifolia (Thwaites) P.S.Ashton Doona nervosa Thwaites S: Hal beraliya, VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Kotikan-beraliya
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea disticha (Thwaites) P.S.Ashton Doona oblonga Thwaites VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Nawara-dun,
Shorea dyeri Thwaites ex Trimen VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Yakahalu-dun, Yakahalu
E: Red doon,
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea gardneri (Thwaites) P.S.Ashton Doona gardneri Thwaites S: Ratu-dun; VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Konge-koongili
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea hulanidda Kosterm. S: Hulan-idda, Nawa-dun EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Gal-pana mora,
Shorea lissophylla Thwaites VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Mal-mora
S: Honda-beraliya,
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea megistophylla P.S.Ashton Doona macrophylla Thwaites Kana-beraliya, VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Maha-beraliya
S: Pana-mora, Panadora, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea oblongifolia Thwaites VU
Pathuru-yakkahalu +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea pallescens P.S.Ashton S: Ratu-dun EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Hulan-idda, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea stipularis Thwaites VU
Nawa-dun, Nawada +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Shorea zeylanica (Thwaites) P.S.Ashton Doona zeylanica Thwaites S: Dun; T: Koongili EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus affinis Thwaites CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
56
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus angustisepalus Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus canaliculatus Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus cordifolius (Thwaites) Alston S: Iri dorala EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus elegans (Thwaites) Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Hal, Hal mandora, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus gardneri Thwaites VU
Ugudu-hal +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus gilimalensis Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus kanneliyensis Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus laevifolius Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus oblongifolius Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus petiolaris Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus reticulatus Thwaites S: Hal-mandora EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus revolutus Trimen ex Hook.f. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus rigidus Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus scalarinervis Kosterm. S: Ugadu-hal EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus scaphifolius Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemonoporus wightii Thwaites S: Hal-mandora EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Hal;
Vateria copallifera (Retz.) Alston NT
T: Kungiliyam pinai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vatica affinis Thwaites S: Hal-mendora EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vatica paludosa Kosterm. S: Mendora EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
57
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of Ceylon
Family: Droseraceae
E: Sundew;
Drosera burmanni Vahl VU C1, A2
S: Wata-essa
E: Sundew;
Drosera indica L. VU C1, A2
S: Kandulessa
E: Sundew;
Drosera lunata Buch.-Ham. ex DC.# Drosera peltata Thunb. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Ada-handaessa
Family: Ebenaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros acuta Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Eta-thimbiri,
Diospyros affinis Thwaites Kalu-wella, Kalu-welle; NT
T: Semelpanachai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros albiflora Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros attenuata Thwaites S: Kadumberiya EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros chaetocarpa Kosterm. S: Kalu-mediriya EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros crumenata Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Ebony;
Diospyros ebenum J.Koenig ex Retz. S: Kaluwara; VU A2ad
T: Karunkali
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros hirsuta L.f. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Gona, Porawa-mara,
Diospyros insignis Thwaites LC
Poro-mala, Walmediriya
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros koenigii Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Gaub persimmon;
Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. S: Eta-thimbiri, Timbiri; LC
T: Panichchai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros melanoxylon var. melanoxylon Roxb. S: Kadumberiya VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Katukanni,
Diospyros montana Roxb. Mulkarunkali, Vakkana, NT
Vakkani
B1ab(i,ii,iii
Diospyros moonii Thwaites S: Kadumberiya, Kaluwella EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Ela-thimbiri,
Diospyros oocarpa Thwaites Kalu-kudumberiya; VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Velli-karunkkali
58
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
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of Ceylon
S: Kalu-mediriya, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros oppositifolia Thwaites EN
Kudumberiya +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Habara, Kunumella;
Diospyros ovalifolia Wight T: Vedukkanari, LC
Vedukunari
S: Kalu-habaraliya; B2ab(i,ii,iii),
Diospyros pegophila I.M.Turner Diospyros ebenoides Kosterm. VU
T: Irumpalai, Juwarai A2ad
Diospyros pemadasai Jayas. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros pemadasae Jayas. S: Kola-pellan EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Calamander;
Diospyros quaesita Thwaites EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kalu-mediriya
Diospyros oblongifolia
Diospyros srilankana I.M.Turner VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Thwaites) Kosterm.
S: Hompella,
Diospyros sylvatica Roxb. Sudu- kudumberiya; VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Kurruppu-thoveria
S: Boromala, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros thwaitesii (Hiern) Bedd. VU
Kadumberiya, +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kahakala, Kaluwella;
Diospyros toposia Buch.-Ham. Diospyros racemosa Roxb. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Vellai thoverii
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diospyros trichophylla Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Bastard ebony;
Diospyros walkeri (Wight) Gürke S: Kadum beriya, Kallu, VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Kaluwelle
Family: Elaeagnaceae
S: Katu-embilla,
Elaeagnus latifolia L. LC
Wel-embilla
Family: Elaeocarpaceae
E: Wild olive;
Elaeocarpus serratus L. LC
S: Weralu
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Elaeocarpus taprobanicus Zmarzty EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Elatinaceae
59
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of Ceylon
Family: Ericaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. Gaultheria leschenaultii DC. S: Wel-kapuru EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhododendron arboreum subsp. zeylanicum S: Ma-ratmal, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
VU
(Booth) Tagg Maha-rathmal +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Vaccinium symplocifolium (D.Don ex G.Don) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vaccinium leschenaultii Wight S: Boralu VU
Alston +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Eriocaulaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon atratum Körn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon ceylanicum Körn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon fluviatile Trimen CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon longicuspe var. longicuspe Hook.f. Eriocaulon longicuspe Hook.f. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon longicuspe var. zeylanicum
DD
Moldenke*
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon minimum Lam. Eriocaulon trimeni Hook.f. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon philippo-coburgii Szyszyl. ex Wawra EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon psammophilum S.M.Phillips EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon quinquangulare subsp.
Eriocaulon quinquangulare L. S: Heen-kokmota LC
quinquangulare L.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon setaceum L. S: Penda EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon fergusonii
Eriocaulon sexangulare L. S: Kokmota LC
(Moldenke) S.M.Phillips
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon subglaucum Ruhland CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon thwaitesii Körn. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriocaulon thysanocephalum S.M.Phillips CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
60
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
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of Ceylon
Family: Erythroxylaceae
S: Devadaram;
Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. VU A1, B2b
T: Chemanatti
S: Bata-kirilla;
Erythroxylum moonii Hochr. NT
T: Chiru-chemannatti
Family: Euphorbiaceae
S: Kuppameniya;
Acalypha indica L. T: Kuppameni, LC
Punairananki
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Croton moonii Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Croton nigroviridis Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
61
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of Ceylon
S: Thenkuttiya,
Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thwaites Weli-wenna; LC
T: Tentuikki, Tentukki
S: Daluk;
Euphorbia antiquorum L. LC
T: Chatura kalli
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Euphorbia nivulia Bunch.-Ham. S: Kolapathok CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kenda;
Macaranga indica Wight LC
T: Vattakanni
S: Kenda, Pat-kenda;
Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Müll.Arg. LC
T: Vattakanni
S: Bulu-petta,
Mallotus eriocarpus (Thwaites) Müll.Arg. Vel-keppetiya; LC
T: Maratini
62
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
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of Ceylon
E: Fever tree;
S: Opinna;
Mallotus nudiflorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen Trewia nudiflora L. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Karachal-maran,
Tidimbi
S: Hamparila, Hamparilla;
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg. LC
T: Kapila
S: Molabe;
Mallotus rhamnifolius (Willd.) Müll.Arg. LC
T: Marai-tinni, Maraitium
S: Bu-kenda;
Mallotus tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz LC
T: Mullupolavu
Family: Fabaceae
S: Madatiya;
Adenanthera pavonina L. T: Anaikuntumani, LC
Anikundumani
63
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of Ceylon
E: Pith plant, Shola,
Shola-pith;
Aeschynomene aspera L. LC
S: Maha-diya-siyambala;
T: Attuneddi
S: Diya-siyambala, Heen-
Aeschynomene indica L. LC
diya-siyambala
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Aganope heptaphylla (L.) Polhill CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Thuringi, Usil Ujil, Uyil,
Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin. Wienja EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kabal-mara,
Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Hulan-mara; VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Pili vagai
S: Mara, Suriya-mara;
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. NT
T: Kona, Vakai, Vagei
S: Huriyi, Suriya-mara;
Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. LC
T: Ponnaimurankai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC. T: Kutiraival EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Abarema abeywickramae
Archidendron bigeminum (L.) I.C.Nielsen Kosterm., VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Abarema bigemina (L.) Kosterm.
Archidendron clypearia subsp. subcoriaceum Abarema subcoriacea B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Mimini-mara EN
(Thwaites) I.C.Nielsen (Thwaites) Kosterm. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kaha-petan, Petan;
Bauhinia tomentosa L. LC
T: Tiruvathi, Tiruvatti
Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)
Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O.Deg. NT
Alston
E: Sappan wood;
Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod. Caesalpinia sappan L. DD
S: Patangi
E: Bengal kino;
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze S: Gas-kela; VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Murrakan, Parasu
64
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cajanus rugosus (Wight & Arn.) Maesen Atylosia rugosa Wight & Arn. S: Wal-kollu EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) S: Wal-kollu, Wa- undu,
Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars LC
Benth. Wal-undu-wel
Cajanus trinervius (DC.) Maesen Atylosia trinervia (DC.) Gamble S: Atta-tora, Et-tora LC
E: Wild Bean;
Canavalia virosa (Roxb.) Wight S: Mudu-awara,
Canavalia cathartica Thouars LC
& Arn. Wal-awara for
Canavalia virosa
E: Indian laburnum,
Shower of gold;
S: Ahalla-gass, Ehela;
Cassia fistula L.▲ LC
T: Kavani, Konnei,
Tirukkontai
S: Ratu-wa;
Cassia roxburghii DC. LC
T: Vakai
Chamaecrista kleinii (Wight & Arn.) V.Singh Cassia kleinii Wight & Arn. S: Bin-siyambala LC
S: Katarolu-wel,
Clitoria ternatea L. Nil-katarolu; DD
T: Karuttappu
E: Telegraph plant;
Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H.Ohashi ▲ S: Chanchala DD
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crotalaria albida B.Heyne ex Roth EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crotalaria clavata Wight & Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
65
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crotalaria montana B.Heyne ex Roth CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crotalaria mysorensis Roth CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Crotalaria quinquefolia L. LC
S: Kaha-andana-hiriya;
Crotalaria retusa L. LC
T: Kilukiluppai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crotalaria scabrella Wight & Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Blue-andana;
S: Nil-andana-hiriya,
Crotalaria verrucosa L. LC
Silibili, Yak-bairiye;
T: Kilukiluppai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crotalaria walkeri Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crotalaria wightiana Graham ex Wight & Arn. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bodi;
Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. T: Karporgam, Kavothi, VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Kavoti
S: Opulu;
Cynometra iripa Kostel. T: Attukaddupuli, EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Kadumpuli
S: Han-kala-wel;
Derris benthamii (Thwaites) Thwaites EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Karapu-tekel
S: Diya-kala-wel,
Derris canarensis (Dalzell) Baker NT
Kalu-kala-wel
66
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of Ceylon
S: Ala-wel, Bo-kala-wel,
Kala-wel;
Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. LC
T: Kalungu
kodi, Tekil, Welan-tekal
S: Kala-wel;
Derris trifoliata Lour. T: Tekil, Tilankoddi, Uppu LC
thailan-kodi
E: Velvel tamarind;
Dialium ovoideum Thwaites S: Gal-siyambala; VU A1d
T: Kaddupuli
S: Andara;
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. LC
T: Vindattai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dumasia villosa var. leiocarpa (Benth.) Baker EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dunbaria ferruginea Wight & Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
67
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of Ceylon
Grona heterocarpa var. strigosa (Meeuwen)
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi ▲
Grona heterophylla (Willd.) H.Ohashi & Desmodium heterophyllum
S: Maha-undupiyaliaya LC
K.Ohashi (Willd.) DC.
Grona jucunda (Thwaites) H.Ohashi &
Desmodium jucundum Thwaites CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
K.Ohashi
Grona styracifolia (Osbeck) H.Ohashi & Desmodium styracifolium
DD
K.Ohashi (Osbeck) Merr.
Grona triflora (L.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. S: Heen-undupiyali LC
E: Grey nicker;
S: Kalu-vavuletiya,
Guilandina bonduc L. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Kumburu-wel, LC
Wael-kumburu;
T: Punaikkalaichchi
Caesalpinia major (Medik.)
Guilandina major (Medik.) Small E: Yellow nicker EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Dandy & Exell
S: Gal-karanda,
Humboldtia laurifolia Vahl LC
Ruan-karanda
Hylodesmum laxum subsp. laxum (DC.)
Desmodium laxum DC. DD
H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill
Hylodesmum leptopus (A.Gray ex Benth.)
DD
H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill *
Hylodesmum repandum (Vahl) H.Ohashi & Desmodium repandum (Vahl) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
R.R.Mill DC. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Indigastrum parviflorum (B.Heyne ex Wight & Indigofera parviflora Heyne ex
DD
Arn.) Schrire Wight & Arn.
Indigofera karnatakana B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Indigofera arnottii (Kuntze) Peter G.Wilson EN
Sanjappa +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Rat kohomba;
Indigofera aspalathoides Vahl ex DC. T: Chivanarvempu, NT
Sivanarvum
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Indigofera galegoides DC. S: Veliveriya VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Indigofera glabra L. LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bin-avari, Binavari;
Indigofera linnaei Ali LC
T: Cheppunerenchi
E: Indigo; S: Nil-awari;
Indigofera tinctoria L. LC
T: Nilam
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Indigofera trifoliata L.▲ EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
68
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Indigofera wightii Graham ex Wight & Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Macrotyloma axillare (E.Mey.) Verdc. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Horse gram,
Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. Madras gram; EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kollu; T: Kollu
E: Tari pods;
Moullava digyna (Rottler) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis Caesalpinia digyna Rottler CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Hinguru
S: Buchariwa, Bu-chariya,
Ginipus eta, Gini-puswel,
Mucuna atropurpurea (Roxb.) DC. ex Wight Mudu-evara; VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Pandatullai,
Punnakalichi
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. S: Kana-pus-waela CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Cowage, Cowhage,
Cowitch;
S: Achariya, Achariya-pala,
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Wanduru-me, NT
Wel-damiya;
T: Chunao-avarai,
Poonayakali, Punnaikkaali
S: Gal-buruta, Gal- burutu,
Kang-bandi-gas,
Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A.Chev. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Wal-buruta;
T: Pilavaiam
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) J.A.Lackey S: Goradiya EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
69
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of Ceylon
E: Nadun wood;
Pericopsis mooniana Thwaites VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Nadun
Piliostigma racemosum (Lam.) Benth. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. E: Atti; S: Maila, Mayila LC
S: Gammalu;
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. T: Utera-venkai, NT
Venkai
Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen
Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntze NT
& S.M.Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhynchosia aurea (Willd.) DC. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhynchosia hirta (Andr.) Meikle & Verdc. S: Heen-garadiya CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhynchosia nummularia DC. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
70
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of Ceylon
S: Ashoka, Asoka,
Diya-rathambala,
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) J.J.de Wilde VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diya-ratmal;
T: Asogam
Senegalia caesia (L.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger Acacia caesia (L.) Willd. S: Hinguru-vel LC
E: Red cutch;
S: Rat-kihiriya;
Senegalia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottler) Maslin Acacia chundra Willd. LC
T: Karangali,
Kodalimurukai
Senegalia lankaensis (Kosterm.) Ragup., B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Acacia lankaensis Kosterm. EN
Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Senegalia pennata (L.) Maslin Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. S: Goda hinguru, Hinguru LC
E: Matara tea;
Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Cassia auriculata L. S: Ranawara; LC
T: Avarai
E: Italian senna;
Senna italica Mill. Cassia italica (Mill.) Spreng. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Nilavakai
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.)
Sesbania aculeata (Schreb.) Pers. LC
W.Wight
Sohmaea zonata (Miq.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi Desmodium zonatum Miq. CR(PE)
S: Gam-pila, Pila;
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. LC
T: Kavilai, Kawati, Kolinchi
71
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Teramnus mollis Benth. S: Wal-kollu EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Thailentadopsis nitida (Vahl) G.P.Lewis &
Painteria nitida (Vahl) Kosterm. S: Diya-mara VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Schrire
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Uraria rufescens (DC.) Schindl. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Cockspur thorn;
Vachellia eburnea (L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. Acacia eburnea (L.f.) Willd. T: Kaludai, Udai-vel LC
S: Katu-andara, Maha
Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.)
andara; LC
& Ebinger Willd.
T: Velvalayam, Velvel
Vachellia planifrons (Wight & Arn.) Ragup., E: Jungle nail, Umbrella
Acacia planifrons Wight & Arn. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin tree; T: Odai, Udai
Vachellia tomentosa (Rottler) Maslin, Seigler E: Elephant thorn, Jungle
Acacia tomentosa Willd. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
& Ebinger nail; T: Anaimulli
Vigna aridicola N.Tomooka &
Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Maxted
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vigna dalzelliana (Kuntz) Verdcourt EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Field bean;
Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. S: Karal-li-me; EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Kodippayaru
Vigna trinervia (B.Heyne ex B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) R.Wilczek EN
Wight & Arn.) Tateishi & Maxted +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bin-me, Munwenna;
Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. T: Navippayaru, NT
Pachapayaru
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich.▲ S: Wal-lima EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Wajira grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) Thulin & Vigna grahamiana (Wight &
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Lavin ▲ Arn.) Verdc.
Family: Flagellariaceae
72
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of Ceylon
Family: Gentianaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Canscora roxburghii Arn. ex Miq. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Exacum axillare Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Exacum macranthum Arn. ex. Griseb. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Exacum pallidum (Trimen) Klack. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Exacum pedunculatum L. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Exacum sessile L. S: Binara CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Exacum walkeri Arn. ex Griseb. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Geraniaceae
Family: Gesneriaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Aeschynanthus ceylanicus Gardner EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Championia reticulata Gardner EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Epithema carnosum (G.Don) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Epithema ceylanicum Gardner VU
Benth. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Henckelia angusta (C.B.Clarke) D.J.Middleton Chirita angusta (C.B.Clarke)
EN D1
& Mich.Möller W.L.Theob. & Grupe
Henckelia communis (Gardner) D.J.Middleton
Chirita zeylanica Hook. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
& Mich.Möller
Henckelia floccosa (Thwaites) A.Weber & Didymocarpus floccosus B1ab(i,ii,iii)
CR
B.L.Burtt Thwaites +2ab(i,ii,iii)
73
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of Ceylon
Henckelia humboldtiana (Gardner) A.Weber & Didymocarpus humboldtianus
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
B.L.Burtt Gardner
Henckelia moonii (Gardner) D.J.Middleton & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Chirita moonii Gardner EN
Mich.Möller +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Henckelia walkerae (Gardner) D.J.Middleton & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Chirita walkeri Gardner EN
Mich.Möller +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Henckelia wijesundarae Ranasinghe & Mich.
CR B1ab(i,iii)
Möller *
Henckelia zeylanica (R.Br.) A.Weber &
Didymocarpus zeylanicus R.Br CR B1ab(i,ii,iii)
B.L.Burtt
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhynchoglossum gardneri W.L.Theob. & Grupe EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rhynchoglossum notonianum (Wall.) B.L.Burtt S: Diya nilla EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Gisekiaceae
S: Atthiripala;
Gisekia pharnaceoides L. LC
T: Manali, Manalkirai
Family: Goodeniaceae
Family: Haloragaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Laurembergia coccinea (Blume) Kanitz VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Hanguanaceae
Family: Hernandiaceae
S: Diya-labu-gas, Hima,
Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. LC
Wal-papol
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C.Presl) Kubitzki S: Palatu, Paluta VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Hydrocharitaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Halophila beccarii Asch. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
74
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of Ceylon
Najas marina L. NT
Family: Hydroleaceae
Family: Hypericaceae
Family: Hypoxidaceae
S: Bim-thal, Heen-bin-tal;
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. LC
T: Wolappanai
S: Bu-bim-thal,
Curculigo trichocarpa (Wight) Bennet & Molineria trichocarpa (Wight)
Ma-bim-thal, VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Raizada Balakr.
Maha-bin- thal
Family: Icacinaceae
Nothapodytes nimmoniana
Mappia nimmoniana (J.Graham) Byng & Stull S: Ganda-pana NT
(J.Graham) Mabb.
Family: Juncaceae
Juncus effusus L. LC
Family: Lamiaceae
75
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of Ceylon
S: Eela-gas, Illa;
Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) L. LC
T: Koat-komal
S: Gas pinna, Pinna, Pinna
kole, Pine-ette;
Clerodendrum infortunatum L. LC
T: Perugilai, Perumkila,
Vata madakki
S: Gas-pinna, wadang;
Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Talu dala, madakkai, Vata
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Clinopodium umbrosum (M.Bieb.) K.Koch VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Plectranthus glabratus
Coleus paniculatus Benth. CR(PE)
(Benth.) Alston
Coleus velutinus (Trimen) A.J.Paton Anisochilus velutinus Trimen S: Bolila, Bolvila VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
76
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of Ceylon
E: Asiatic beechberry;
S: Demata, Gatta
demmata;
Gmelina asiatica L. LC
T: Gumadi, Kumil, Kainadi,
Nela-Kumi, Nilacumal,
NilKumi
S: Geta-tumba;
Leucas biflora (Vahl) Sm. LC
T: Peyt tumpai
Leucas decemdentata var. decemdentata Leucas mollissima Wall. ex
DD
(Willd.) Sm. Benth.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Leucas zeylanica var. walkeri (Benth.) Hook.f. ▲ EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Geta tumba;
Leucas zeylanica var. zeylanica (L.) W.T.Aiton Leucas zeylanica (L.) R.Br. LC
T: Mudi tumpai
E: Heen-tala;
Ocimum americanum L. S: Suwandu tala LC
T: Kanchankorai
E: Sacred basil,
Ocimum tenuiflorum L. LC
S: Maduru-tala
S: Gan-kollan-kola,
Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. LC
Gas-kolan-kola
77
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pogostemon reflexus Benth. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Pogostemon verticillatus
Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)
(Benth.) Bhatti & Ingrouille
S: Maha midi;
Premna mollissima Roth Premna latifolia Roxb. LC
T: Pachumullai
S: Le-kola-pala;
Premna procumbens Moon LC
T: Mulla, Mullai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Premna purpurascens Thwaites VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Gumira divaricata (Wall. ex
E: Headache tree;
Schauer) Kuntze, Premna
Premna serratifolia L. S: Maha midi, Middee gas; LC
divaricata Wall., Premna
T: Erumaimulla
obtusifolia R.Br
S: Boo-sera, Boo-seru,
Boo-sairoo-gas, Bu-seru,
Noo-sairou; T: Koluk-
Premna tomentosa Willd. kutti, Kollay cottaynellay, LC
Kolkutti, Loluto-kutti,
Mulla-mallai, Munnai,
Podanganari
S: Kan henda;
T: Chiru dekku, Chiru
Clerodendrum serratum (L.)
Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb. tekku, Kandu-parangi, LC
Moon
Ratamadakki, Siri tekku,
Vatamadakki
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scutellaria oblonga Benth. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
78
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of Ceylon
S: Helarika,Nika, Nikka,
Nike, Nil-nika, Nirgundi,
Vitex negundo L. Sudu nika; T: Nir-nichchi, LC
Nochchi, Vallai-nochchi,
Vennochchi
E: Beach vitex, Oval-
Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia leaved chaste tree,
Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis Steenis ▲ DD
Cham. Polinalina,
S: Boerende, Bu-renda,
Gulinda,
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Wael-bu-raenda,
Volkameria inermis L. LC
Gaertn. Wal gurenda;
T: Dangamkuppi, Koika,
Pinari, Sangam
Family: Lauraceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Actinodaphne glauca var. glauca Nees ▲ VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Actinodaphne glauca var. subtriplinervis
DD
(Meissner) Kosterm.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Actinodaphne molochina Nees EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Actinodaphne speciosa Nees E: Elephants’ ears VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Wewaranai
Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Nees NT
T: Ranai, Yavaranai
Cassytha filiformis L. LC
E: Camphor Cinnamon;
Cinnamomum capparu-coronde Blume VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kappuru- kurundu
S: Sewel-kurundu,
Cinnamomum dubium Nees NT
Wal-kurundu
79
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cinnamomum rivulorum Kosterm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cinnamomum sinharajaense Kosterm. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Cinnamon;
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl S: Kurundu; VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Blume
T: Kuruva, Kuruwa
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cryptocarya membranacea Thwaites S: Gal-mora, Tawenna VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Litsea fosbergii Kosterm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bombee, Bomee;
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. T: Elumpurukki, LC
Maida-lakti
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Litsea ligustrina (Nees) Fern.-Vill. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Litsea nemoralis (Thwaites) Trimen EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Litsea quinqueflora (Dennst.) C.R.Suresh S: Kosbada, Landittan EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Neolitsea lancifolia (Thwaites) Kosterm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Lecythidaceae
S: Goda-midella, Diya
Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng. LC
midella, Midella
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Barringtonia waasii P.Chantar. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
80
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of Ceylon
E: Patana oak;
Careya arborea Roxb. S: Kahata; LC
T: Kachaddai
Family: Lentibulariaceae
Utricularia bifida L. NT
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Utricularia gibba L. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Utricularia hirta Klein ex Link CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Utricularia moniliformis P.Taylor VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Linaceae
S: Bu-getiya,
Hugonia mystax L. Maha-getiya, Watti-weti; LC
T: Motirakanni
Family: Lindernaceae
81
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lindernia nummularifolia (D.Don) Wettst. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lindernia srilankana L.H.Cramer & Philcox EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Torenia courtallensis Gamble Torenia aerinea Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltdl. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.Muell. LC
Family: Loganiaceae
S: Kaduru, Kaduru
Strychnos minor Dennst. Ketiya wel; LC
T: Kachchalkodi
E: Nux-vomica;
S: Godakaduru,
Strychnos nux-vomica L. LC
Thel kaduru, Visa kaduru
T: Eddi, Kanchurai
E: Clearing-nut;
Strychnos potatorum L.f. S: Ingini; LC
T: Tetta
S: Gona-karaba, Kaduru,
Strychnos trichocalyx A.W.Hill NT
Thelatiya
S: Eta-kirindi-wel,
Strychnos wallichiana Steud. ex A.DC. NT
Wel-beli
Family: Loranthaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Baratranthus mabaeoides (Trimen) Danser EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Baratranthus nodiflorus (Thwaites) Tiegh. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
82
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Dendrophthoe ligulata
Dendrophthoe ligulatus (Thwaites) Tiegh. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Thwaites) Tieghem
Dendrophthoe lonchiphyllus B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dendrophthoe lonchiphylla (Thwaites) Denser. CR
(Thwaites) Denser +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis (Wight & Arn.)
LC
Tiegh.
Dendrophthoe suborbicularis (Thwaites) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Danser +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Scurrula parasitica L. LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Taxillus courtallensis (Gamble) Danser EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Taxillus tomentosus (B.Heyne ex Roth) Tiegh. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Lythraceae
Ammannia baccifera L. LC
83
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of Ceylon
Rotala verticillaris L. NT
E: Water chestnut;
Trapa natans var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino Trapa bispinosa Roxb. NT
S: Ikiliya
Family: Magnoliaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Magnolia nilagirica (Zenker) Figlar S: Wal-sapu VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Malpighiaceae
Family: Malvaceae
S: Anoda, Panagedi,
Wal anoda,
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet LC
T: Peruntulli, Peruntutti,
Vaddattutti
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Azanza lampas (Cav.) Alef. Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell S: Wal-kapu EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Trincomalee Wood;
Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret S: Hal-milla; LC
T: Chavandalai
E: Cotton tree;
S: Katu imbul;
Bombax ceiba L. LC
T: Kaddu-olaga,
Illavu, Parutti
84
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of Ceylon
S: Kata-boda, Katu-boda;
Cullenia rosayroana Kosterm. LC
T: Mullu-pilaka
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriolaena hookeriana Wight & Arn. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Bonfire tree;
S: Bataliya, Pataliya-gas;
Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R.Br. NT
T: Malaiparutti,
Mulaipurathi
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Grewia bracteata Roth VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Daminiya;
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Grewia damine Gaertn. LC
T: Cadachi, Chadachchi
E: Screw tree;
S: Lihiniya, Liniya;
Helicteres isora L. LC
T: Kawa, Vallampanai,
Vallampuri, Vellampidi
E: Boat-shaped mangrove;
S: Attona, Etuna,
Heritiera littoralis Aiton NT
Ho-mediriya;
T: Chonmuntiri
S: Bebila;
Hibiscus micranthus L.f. LC
T: Perumaddi
S: Kapu-kinissa;
Hibiscus platanifolius (Willd.) Sweet Hibiscus eriocarpus DC. LC
T: parutti
85
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of Ceylon
S: Keliya, Kohu-kirilla;
Microcos paniculata L. LC
T: Kapila
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pavonia fryxelliana Fosberg & Sachet EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Sida alnifolia L. LC
S: Wel-bevila;
Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borss.Waalk. LC
T: Palampadu, Palampasi
S: Bevila, Heen anoda;
Sida cordifolia L. LC
T: Cheevakanpudu
S: Giriwadi-bevila,
Sida mysorensis Wight & Arn. LC
Siriwedi-bevila
S: Bebila,
Sida rhombifolia L. Kotikan-bevila; LC
T: Chittamaddi
S: Telambu,
Sterculia foetida L. T: Kadutenga, Kaduteynga, LC
Pinari
S: Alaheraliya, Dadiya,
Sterculia urens Roxb. NT
Kawali
E: Tulip tree;
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa S: Gan suriya, Suriya; LC
T: Kavarachu, Puvarachu
86
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of Ceylon
S: Heen-epala,
Urena sinuata L. LC
Patta-epala
Family: Marantaceae
Family: Melastomataceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lijndenia gardneri (Thwaites) K.Bremer VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Medinilla cuneata (Thwaites) K.Bremer &
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Lundin
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Medinilla fuchsioides Gardner EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bovitiya, Katakaloowa,
Melastoma malabathricum L. LC
Maha-bovitiya
E: Blue mist;
Memecylon angustifolium Wight VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kora kaha
S: Dedi-kaha,
Dodan-kaha, Wel-kaha,
Weli-kaha;
Memecylon capitellatum L. LC
T: Katti-kaya,
Pavaddai-kaya,
Venkali-kaya
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Memecylon ellipticum Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
87
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B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Memecylon fuscescens Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Dedi-kaha,
Memecylon grande Retz. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Dodan-wenna
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Memecylon macrophyllum Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Memecylon ovoideum Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Memecylon parvifolium Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Heen-kuretiya,
Memecylon rostratum Thwaites NT
Kin-kuretiya, Kuretiya
S: Dedi-kaha, Weli-kaha;
Memecylon royenii Blume VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Kashamaram
Memecylon sessile Benth. ex Wight & Arn. Memecylon sessile Benth. CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Blue mist;
S: Kora-kaha;
Memecylon umbellatum Burm.f. LC
T: Kaya, Kurre-kaya,
Pandikaya
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Memecylon wightii Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
88
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B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Osbeckia buxifolia Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bowitiya,
Osbeckia octandra (L.) DC. LC
Heen bowitiya
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Osbeckia parvifolia Arn. S: Bowitiya VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Osbeckia rubicunda Arn. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Osbeckia walkeri Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sonerila affinis Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sonerila arnottiana Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sonerila glaberrima Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Sonerila glabricaulis (Thwaites ex C.B.Clarke) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Lundin +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sonerila rhombifolia Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sonerila silvatica Lundin VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
89
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B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sonerila zeylanica Wight & Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Meliaceae
E: Chittagong Wood;
Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss. S: Hiri-kita, Hulan-hik; NT
T: Aglai, Kaloti
S: Hal-bembiya;
Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. LC
T: Pulippan-cheddi
Dysoxylum championii Hook.f. & Thomson ex
S: Gona-pana VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Thwaites
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dysoxylum excelsum Blume EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Dysoxylum ficiforme (Wight)
Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb. NT
Gamble
A2d,
Munronia pinnata (Wall.) W.Theob. S: Bin-kohomba EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kirikon, Mal-petta;
Walsura trifoliolata subsp. trifoliata (A.Juss.) Walsura trifoliolata (A.Juss.)
T: Chadavakku, Chokala, LC
Harms Harms
Kanjimaran, Malaivirali
Walsura trifoliolata subsp. acuminata (Trimen) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
T.Clark ▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Mutti-kadol;
Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig T: Kandal anga, Kontalai, EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Somuntheri
Family: Menispermaceae
S: Diya-mitta;
Cissampelos pareira L. LC
T: Appatta
T: Kattukkodi, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. CR
Sirunkattukodi +2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: False calumba;
Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. S: Bang-wela, LC
Veni-val-gata, Weni-wel
90
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of Ceylon
S: Kehi-pittan,
Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson Kessi-pissan; LC
T: Vouthuvullykodi
Family: Menyanthaceae
S: Heen-ambala,
Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze LC
Heen-olu
Family: Molluginaceae
Glinus lotoides L. LC
S: Heen-ala;
Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug.DC. Glinus oppositifolia (L.) A.DC. LC
T: Kachchantirai
S: Udetta;
Hypertelis cerviana (L.) Thulin Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. T: Kachchantirai, LC
Pat-padakam
Family: Monimiaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hortonia ovalifolia Wight CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Moraceae
E: Upas tree;
Antiaris toxicaria (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch. S: Riti; NT
T: Netavili
Artocarpus gomezianus subsp. zeylanicus E: Monkey jak;
NT
Jarrett S: Kana-gona
91
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of Ceylon
S: Bedi-del, Del,
Artocarpus nobilis Thwaites Hingala del, LC
T: Arsini-pla
Broussonetia zeylanica
Allaeanthus zeylanicus Thwaites S: Alandu VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Thwaites) Corner
S: Ela-nuga;
Ficus amplissima Sm. LC
T: Kalatti
E: Banyan;
Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq. LC
S: Kaudu-bo, Patana-bo
E: Krishna bo,
Krishna’s cup;
Ficus benghalensis L. LC
S: Maha-nuga;
T: Al, Arla
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ficus costata Aiton EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Furniture leaf;
Ficus exasperata Vahl S: Bu-thediya, LC
Sewan-mediya
S: Kos-gona, Nuga;
Ficus fergusonii (King) T.B.Worth. ex Corner LC
T: Al, Arla
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ficus heterophylla L.f. S: Wal-ehetu EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Ficus nervosa subsp. minor (King) C.C.Berg Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth S: Kalu-maduwa LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ficus pubilimba Merr. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ficus talbotii King EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Ficus tinctoria subsp. parasitica S: Gas-anguna,
Ficus tinctoria subsp. gibbosa (Blume) Corner LC
(Willd.) Corner Gas-netul, Wal-ehetu
92
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Plecospermum spinosum
Maclura spinosa (Willd.) C.C.Berg S: Katu-timbol VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Willd.) Trécul
E: Crooked rough-bush;
S: Geta-netul, Gas-netul,
Streblus asper Lour. LC
Netol;
T: Papirai, Pirasu
E: Fig-lime;
Streblus taxoides (B.Heyne) Kurz LC
S: Gon-gotu
Family: Musaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Musa acuminata Colla S: Gal kehel, Unel CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Myristicaceae
S: Malabodde,
Horsfieldia iryaghedhi (Gaertn.) Warb. Malaboda, Ruk, VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ruk-gedhi, Thalan
S: Malaboda, Perimavara;
Myristica dactyloides Gaertn. LC
T: Palmanikam
Family: Myrtaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eugenia amoena Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eugenia fulva Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eugenia glabra Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eugenia hypoleuca Thwaites ex Kosterm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eugenia madugodaense Kosterm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
93
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eugenia phillyreoides Trimen CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Syzygium assimile Thwaites S: Damba EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Dan, Heen-dan,
Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston LC
Rin-dan
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Syzygium fergusonii (Trimen) Gamble EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Syzygium firmum Thwaites S: Wal jambu EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Syzygium hemisphericum (Wight) Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
94
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Syzygium lewisii Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Karaw, Maha kuretiye, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Syzygium lissophyllum Thwaites EN
Pinibaru T: Damba +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Syzygium sclerophyllum Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Heen damba,
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Syzygium umbrosum Thwaites Vali-damba; EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Naval
S: Yakul maran;
T: Maranda, Mariangi,
Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. LC
Marung, Marungi
Family: Nelumbonaceae
Family: Nepenthaceae
E: Pitcher plant;
Nepenthes distillatoria L. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bandura wel
Family: Nyctaginaceae
S: Pita-sudu-pala,
Pita sudda;
Boerhavia diffusa L. LC
T: Karichcharanai,
Mukkaraichchi
E: Lettuce tree,
Pisonia aculeata L. Moluccan cabbage; NT
S: Vavul-lairitiya
95
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of Ceylon
Family: Nymphaeaceae
E: Water lily;
Nymphaea nouchali var. nouchali Burm.f. Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Nil manel, Nilupul
Nymphaea nouchali var. versicolour (Sims)
S: Tel-olu VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Guruge and Yakandawala *
E: Egyptian lotus,
Nymphaea pubescens Willd. LC
Water lilly; S: Et-olu, Olu
Family: Nyssaceae
Family: Ochnaceae
Family: Olacaceae
Strombosia ceylanica var. ceylanica Gardner Strombosia ceylanica Gardner S: Pub-beriya, Pathu-bari VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Hog-plum, Monkey
Ximenia americana L. plum, Tallow nut; DD
T: Chiru-illantai
Family: Oleaceae
S: Embul-korakaha,
Chionanthus albidiflorus Thwaites VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gal-metta,Taccada-gas
S: Dambu, Geratiya,
Chionanthus zeylanicus L. LC
Geriata; T: Kattimuruchan
Jasminum bignoniaceum subsp.
Chrysojasminum bignoniaceum subsp. zeylanicum P.S.Green
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
zeylanicum (P.S.Green) Banfi
96
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of Ceylon
E: Wild jasmine;
Jasminum angustifolium var. angustifolium Jasminum angustifolium S: Wal-pichcha,
LC
(L.) Willd. (L.) Willd. Wal-saman- pichcha,
We-kanda
Jasminum angustifolium var. hirsutum
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
P.S.Green ▲
Jasminum angustifolium var. sessiliflorum
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
(Vahl) P.S.Green ▲
Family: Onagraceae
S: Beru-diyamilla,
Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H.Hara LC
Beru-diyanilla
Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. sessiliflora (Micheli) Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.)
LC
P.H.Raven P.H.Raven
Family: Opiliaceae
Family: Orchidaceae
B1ab(iii)
Adrorhizon purpurascens (Thwaites) Hook.f. VU
+2ab(iii)
B1ab(iii)
Aerangis hologlottis (Schltr.) Schltr. EN
+2ab(iii)
B1ab(iii)
Agrostophyllum zeylanicum Hook.f. EN
+2ab(iii)
97
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B1ab(iii)
Apostasia wallichii R.Br. EN
+2ab(iii)
Arundina graminifolia subsp. caespitosa (Aver.) B1ab(iii)
Arundina minor Lindl. EN
H.A.Pedersen & Schuit. +2ab(iii,iv,v)
Arundina graminifolia subsp. graminifolia
DD
(D.Don) Hochr.*
B1ab(iii)
Bromheadia srilankensis Kruiz. & de Vogel. EN
+2ab(iii)
B1ab(iii)
Bulbophyllum crassifolium Thwaites ex Trimen EN
+2ab(iii)
Bulbophyllum jayaweerae
Bulbophyllum elliae Rchb.f. NT
Fernando & Ormerod
B1ab(iii,iv),
Bulbophyllum macraei (Lindl.) Rchb.f. VU
C(iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bulbophyllum maskeliyense Livera EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bulbophyllum petiolare Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bulbophyllum purpureum Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bulbophyllum thwaitesii Rchb.f. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bulbophyllum trimenii (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Coelogyne breviscapa Lindl. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
98
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl. E: Primrose orchid EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Dendrobium nutantiflorum
Dendrobium jerdonianum Wight NT
A.D.Hawkes & A.H.Heller
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dendrobium maccarthiae Thwaites S: Wesak-mal EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Flickingeria macraei (Lindl.)
Dendrobium macraei Lindl. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Seidenf.
Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.)
Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindl. # LC
C.E.C.Fisch.
Dendrobium panduratum subsp. panduratum
Dendrobium panduratum Lindl. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lindl.
99
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of Ceylon
Eulophia epidendraea (J.Koenig ex Retz.)
LC
C.E.C.Fisch.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Geodorum recurvum (Roxb.) Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Habenaria barbata Wight ex Hook.f. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Habenaria dolichostachya Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Habenaria rhynchocarpa (Thwaites) Trimen EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Habenaria roxburghii Nicolson. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Habenaria viridiflora (Rottler ex Sw.) R.Br. ex
NT
Spreng.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hetaeria gardneri (Thwaites) Trimen Hetaeria oblongifolia Blume EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
A2cd,
Ipsea speciosa Lindl. E: Daffodil orchid EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Liparis atropurpurea Lindl. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
100
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Liparis barbata Lindl. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Liparis brachyglottis Rchb.f. ex Trimen EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Liparis walkerae Graham VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Malaxis densiflora (A.Rich.) Kuntze EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Malaxis thwaitesii Bennet EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia bicornis Lindl. Oberonia tenuis Lindl. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia forcipata Lindl. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia fornicata Jayaw. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia longibracteata Lindl. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia meegaskumburae Priyad., Wijew. &
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Kumar *
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia quadrilatera Jayaw. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia recurva Lindl. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia scyllae Lindl. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
101
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia truncata Lindl. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia weragamaensis Jayaw. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oberonia zeylanica Hook.f. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Octarrhena parvula Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Peristylus gardneri (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(ii,iii,iv
Peristylus spiralis A.Rich. VU
+2ab(ii,iii,iv)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Peristylus trimenii (Hook.f.) Abeyw. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phaius luridus Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phaius wallichii Lindl. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phalaenopsis mysorensis C.J.Sadanha EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phreatia jayaweerae Ormerod EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pinalia tricolor (Thwaites) Kuntze Eria tricolor Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Podochilus falcatus Lindl. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
102
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of Ceylon
E: Batticaloa orchid,
Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Fox-tail orchid
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Robiquetia brevifolia (Lindl.) Garay VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Robiquetia rosea (Lindl.) Garay EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Robiquetia virescens (Gard. ex
Robiquetia virescens Ormerod & S.S.Fernando NT
Lindl.) Jayaw.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stichorkis gibbosa (Finet) J.J.Wood # Stichorkis distichis Thouars VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Tainia bicornis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
103
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of Ceylon
Trichotosia thwaitesii (Trimen) Ormerod & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eria thwaitesii Trimen EN
C.S.Kumar +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Zeuxine blatteri C.E.C.Fisch. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Zeuxine longilabris (Lindl.) Trimen EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Zeuxine regia (Lindl.) Trimen S: Iru raja EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Zeuxine reginasilvae Ormerod. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Orobanchaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Christisonia calcarata Wight Christisonia lawii Wight EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
104
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of Ceylon
Legocia aurantiaca (Wight)
Christisonia legocia Beck. CR B2ab(iii, iv)
Livera
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Christisonia subacaulis (Benth.) Gardner EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Christisonia thwaitesii Trimen EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Christisonia tricolor Gardner EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Parasopubia delphiniifolia (L.) H.-P.Hofm. &
Sopubia delphiniifolia (L.) G.Don LC
Eb.Fisch.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sopubia trifida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Oxalidaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Biophytum intermedium Wight EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Biophytum nudum (Arn.) Wight EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bin-nelli,
Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch LC
Gas-nidikumba
Family: Pandanaceae
S: Duna-keyiya,
Benstonea thwaitesii (Martelli) Callm. & Buerki # Pandanus thwaitesii Martelli VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dunu-keyiya
S: Dunu-keyya, O-keyiya,
Pandanus ceylanicus Solms VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Watta-keyiya
S: Arulu, Watta-keyiya,
Pandanus kaida Kurz. Watta-keyiya-aralu, LC
Weta-keyiya
E: Screw-pine;
S: Mudu-keyiya
Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze Pandanus odoratissimus L.f. LC
Weta-keyiya;
T: Talai
Family: Passifloraceae
105
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of Ceylon
Family: Pedaliaceae
S: Et-nerenchi;
T: Anai-nerinchi,
Pedalium murex L. LC
Periru-ar nerenchi,
Peru-nerinchi
Family: Pentaphylaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Adinandra lasiopetala (Wight) Choisy S: Mihiriya, Rutu-mihiriya EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Wild tea,
Eurya acuminata DC. NT
S: Wana-halu
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eurya chinensis R.Br. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eurya nitida Korth S: Neya-dassa EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ternstroemia emarginata (Gardner) Choisy S: Rathatiya EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Mihiriya,
Ternstroemia gymnanthera (White & Arn.) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pena-mihiriya, EN
Beddome +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Rattiya, Rattota
Family: Peraceae
S: Gal-hadoka,
Chaetocarpus coriaceus Thwaites LC
Hedawaka, Hedoka
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Chaetocarpus ferrugineus Philcox VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Chaetocarpus pubescens (Thwaites) Hook.f. VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Phrymaceae
Family: Phyllanthaceae
106
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Aporosa fusiformis Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Barawa-embilla,
Aporosa cardiosperma (Gaertn.) Merr. Aporusa lindleyana (Wight) Baill. LC
Kebella
S: Heen kebella,
Aporosa lanceolata (Tul.) Thwaites LC
Veli-mediya
Aporusa cardiosperma (Gaertn.) S: Mapat-kabella,
Aporosa latifolia Thwaites # LC
Merr. Kampotta, Pepiliya
S: Gas-kayila;
Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fischer LC
T: Manipunati
S: Ketakala;
Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. LC
T: Mul-venkai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cleistanthus acuminatus (Thwaites) Muell.Arg. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Olu-peliya;
Cleistanthus pallidus (Thwaites) Müll.Arg. T: Visa LC
S: Anguru- kuratiya, Wa
Cleistanthus patulus (Roxb.) Müll.Arg. LC
S: Heen-katu-pila,
Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. Katu-pila; LC
T: Mudpulanthi
107
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of Ceylon
Glochidion pycnocarpum (Muell.Arg.)
S: Hunu kirilla LC
Beddome
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phyllanthus baillonianus Müll.Arg. S: Kela-karapincha EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phyllanthus dealbatus Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bim-nelli, Pitawakka;
Phyllanthus debilis J.G.Klein ex Willd. LC
T: Kulhainelli
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phyllanthus oreophilus Müll.Arg. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Gas-dummella, Kaila,
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Wel-kayila; T: Mipullanti, LC
Pula, Pullanti
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phyllanthus zeylanicus Müll.Arg. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
108
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of Ceylon
S: Japan batu,
Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. LC
Mella dum kola
Family: Picrodendraceae
S: Tammanna,
Mischodon zeylanicus Thwaites Tammanua; LC
T: Tampanai
Family: Piperaceae
S: Mala miris,
Piper fallax Vahl #
Piper sylvestre Lour. Mala-miris-wel, LC
Wal-gam-miris-wel
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Piper hymenophyllum Miq. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Piper walkeri Miq. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Pittosporaceae
Family: Plantaginaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Adenosma camphorata Hook.f. S: Kaha-gona-kola EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
109
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Stemodia viscosa Roxb. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Plumbaginaceae
E: Ceylon leadwort;
Plumbago zeylanica L. S: Ela-netul LC
Family: Poaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Agrostis pilosula Trin. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Budeni-tana;
Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf LC
T: Unni pul
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) Hitchc. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
110
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Andropogon polyptychos Steud. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kuru-kuda-ana;
Apluda mutica L. LC
T: Mungil-pul
Apocopis mangalorensis (Hochst. ex Steud.)
LC
Henrard
E: Spiny bamboo;
Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss S: Katu-una; LC
T: Mungil
E: Love grass;
Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. S: Tuttiri; LC
T: Ottu-pul
111
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Chrysopogon serrulatus Trin. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Bermuda grass,
Doob grass;
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers S: Ruha; LC
T: Arugam-pillu,
Arugam-pul
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A.Camus S: Geta-mana EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Guru-tana;
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler LC
T: Akki-pul, Arisi-pul
Digitaria cruciata (Nees ex Steud.) E.G.Camus
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
& A.Camus
112
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dimeria ballardii Bor EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Dimeria chloridiformis (Gaudich.) K.Schum. & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dimeria fuscescens Trin. EN
Lauterb. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dimeria gracilis Nees ex Steud. Dimeria leptorhachis Hack. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dimeria pubescens Hack. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Bela-tana,
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Wal-mal-kurakkan, LC
Wal-kurkkan
Eragrostiella bifaria var. bifaria (Vahl) Bor Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor LC
113
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Eriachne triseta Nees ex Steud. S: Pini tuttiri EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
114
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of Ceylon
115
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Kuruna debilis (Thwaites) Attigala, Kaththr. & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Arundinaria debilis Thwaites EN
L.G.Clark +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Kuruna densifolia (Munro) Attigala, Kaththr. & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Arundinaria densifolia Munro EN
L.G.Clark +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Kuruna floribunda (Thwaites) Attigala, Kaththr. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Arundinaria floribunda Thwaites S: Mal-bata EN
& L.G.Clark +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Kuruna scandens (Soderstr. & R.P.Ellis) Arundinaria scandens Soderstr.
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Attigala, Kaththr. & L.G.Clark & R.P.Ellis
Kuruna walkeriana (Munro) Attigala, Kaththr. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Arundinaria walkeriana Munro EN
& L.G.Clark +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
116
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of Ceylon
Panicum brevifolium L. LC
S: Meneri, Wal-meneri;
Panicum curviflorum Hornem. LC
T: Shamai-karunai
S: Amu;
Paspalum scrobiculatum L. LC
T: Varagu, Waragu
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Pseudopogonatherum trispicatum (Schult.) Eulalia trispicata (Schult.)
LC
Ohwi Henrard
S: Rambuk;
Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. T: Pey-karunmu, LC
Pi-karumbu
117
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Saccharum spontaneum L. S: Wal-uk VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Paspalidium punctatum
Setaria punctata (Burm.f.) Veldkamp LC
(Brum.f.) A. Camus
S: Maha-ravana-ravula;
Spinifex littoreus (Burm.f.) Merr. LC
T: Ravana-meesai
118
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of Ceylon
Family: Podostemaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Farmeria metzgerioides (Trimen) Willis ex
VU +2ab(i,ii,iii);
Hook.f.
C(iii,iv)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Zeylanidium olivaceum (Gardner) Engl. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
119
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of Ceylon
Family: Polygalaceae
Polygala chinensis L. LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Polygala glaucoides L. Polygala elongata Klein ex Willd. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Polygala hirsutula Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Polygala longifolia Poir EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Polygala macrolophos Hassk. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Polygonaceae
120
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Polygonum plebeium R.Br. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Pontederiaceae
Family: Portulacaceae
Family: Potamogetonaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Potamogeton nodosus Poir. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Potamogeton perfoliatus L. DD
Family: Primulaceae
S: Heen kadol;
Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco Aegiceras corniculata (L.) Blanco LC
T: Vitlikanna
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ardisia lankaensis Kosterm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ardisia solanacea Roxb. S: Balu-dan EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ardisia wightiana (A.DC.) Wall. ex Mez CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ardisia willisii Mez S: Lunu-dan VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
121
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Myrsine robusta (Mez) Wadhwa VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Myrsine thwaitesii (Mez) Wadhwa VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Proteaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Helicia ceylanica Gardner EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Putranjivaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Drypetes longifolia (Blume) Pax & K.Hoffm. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Drypetes sepiaria (Wight & Arn.) Pax &
S: Wira; T: Wirai LC
K.Hoffm.
Drypetes lanceolata (Thwaites) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Drypetes sumatrana (Miq.) Pax & K.Hoffm. EN
Pax & K.Hoffm. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Ranunculaceae
122
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of Ceylon
Family: Rhamnaceae
S: Tel-hiriya;
Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. LC
T: Mayirmanikkam
S: Dabara, Maha-debara,
Ziziphus mauritiana var. mauritiana Lam. Masan; LC
T: Ilantai, Illantai
S: Heen eraminiya;
Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. LC
T: Churai, Perilantai
S: Maha eraminiya;
Ziziphus rugosa Lam. NT
T: Churai
Family: Rhizophoraceae
E: Mangrove;
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. S: Mal-kadol , Path-kadol, VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Sirikanda
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carallia orophila Kosterm. * CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Carallia paucinervia Kosterm. * CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Gal guliya,
Cassipourea ceylanica (Gardner) Alston Kos daththa, Pana; LC
T: Kannu
T: Chiru-Kandal,
Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. NT
Chivukandal
S: Kadol, Rana Kadol;
Rhizophora apiculata Blume NT
T: Kandal
123
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of Ceylon
E: Mangrove;
Rhizophora mucronata Poir. S: Ela kadol, Kadol; LC
T: Kandal
Family: Rosaceae
S: Golu-mora,
Prunus ceylanica (Wight) Miq. NT
Kankumbalketiya
S: Golu-mora,
Prunus walkeri (Wight) Kalkman LC
Kankumbalketiya
E: False blackberry,
Rubus ellipticus Sm. Ovel-leaved bramble; LC
S: Nara-bute
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rubus fairholmianus Gardner EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rubus gardnerianus Kuntz EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Woody-berried
Rubus niveus Thunb. bramble; NT
S: Rodu-ketambila
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rubus rugosus Smith EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Sanguisorba indicum (Gardner)
Sanguisorba indica (Gardner) Tirveng. CR(PE)
Tirv
Family: Rubiaceae
S: Kolon;
Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.)
Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Brandis T: Manchal kadampa, LC
Ridsdale
Raja murunkai
124
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of Ceylon
S: Kalu diyapara, B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Byrsophyllum ellipticum (Thwaites) Bedd. VU
Kalu godapara +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kukuruman,
Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. Kukurman; LC
T: Karai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. S: Pita Madu EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Debia ovatifolia (Cav.) Neupane & N.Wikstr. Oldenlandia ovatifolia (Cav.) DC. EN B1ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dichilanthe zeylanica Thwaites S: Emberella EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gaertnera ternifolia Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Gardenia crameri Tirveng. S: Galis EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
125
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis cyanescens Thwaites CR
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis flavescens Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis fumata Alston EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis inamoena Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis obscura Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Pleiocraterium plantaginifolium B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis plantaginifolia Arn. EN
(Arn.) Bremek. +2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis rhinophylla Thwaites ex Trimen EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
126
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis srilankensis Deb & Ratna Dutta EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis subverticillata Alston EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis thwaitesii Hook.f. EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hedyotis trichoneura Alston EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
S: Ratambala, Rat-mal;
Ixora coccinea L. LC
T: Vedchi
S: Goda-rathambala,
Ixora jucunda Thwaites Gora-ratambela, NT
Wal-rathmal
S: Maha-ratambala;
Ixora pavetta Andrews T: Kanmuttankirai, LC
Karankutti, Painkuray
Knoxia platycarpa var. hirsuta (Arn.) Thwaites Knoxia hirsuta Arn. VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Knoxia zeylanica L. NT
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lasianthus gardneri (Thwaites) Hook.f. EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lasianthus protractus (Thwaites) Thwaites CR
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
127
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of Ceylon
S: Ahu;
Morinda coreia Buch.-Ham. LC
T: Manchavanna
S: Mus-wenna,
Mussaenda frondosa L. Mussenda, Wal-but- LC
sarana
S: Bakmi, Rata-bakmi;
Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. LC
T: Vammi, Atuvang
Neanotis monosperma (Wight & Arn.)
LC
W.H.Lewis
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Neanotis richardiana (Arn.) W.H.Lewis EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Neanotis quadrilocularis
Neanotis tubulosa (G.Don) Mabb. CR(PE)
(Thwaites) W.H.Lewis
S: Ambul bakmi,
Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.)
Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser # Ela bakmi, Kalamba, NT
A. Rich. ex Walp
Nawatha
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Neurocalyx championii Benth. ex Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Neurocalyx gardneri Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
128
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of Ceylon
Oldenlandia corymbosa var. erecta (Manilal & Oldenlandia erecta (Mani. &
DD
Sivar.) Anandhapr. & Gnanasek. Sivarajan) R.R.Mill
Oldenlandia stricta L. NT
E: Chay Root;
Oldenlandia umbellata L. S: Saya; LC
T: Chaya
S: Dath-ketiya,
Ophiorrhiza mungos L. LC
Wal-ekaweriya
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ophiorrhiza nemorosa Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pavetta agrostiphylla Bremek. EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pavetta badullensis Ridsd. EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
S: Pavatta;
Pavetta blanda Bremek. LC
T: Pavaddai
S: Gal hambella,
Pavetta gleniei Thwaites ex Hook.f. Ela terana; NT
T: Vetpavaddai
S: Pavatta;
Pavetta indica L. LC
T: Pavaddai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pavetta macraei Bremek. CR
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Prismatomeris albidiflora Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
129
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of Ceylon
Prismatomeris tetrandra subsp. malayana Prismatomeris tetrandra (Roxb.)
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Ridl.) J.T.Johanss. Schumann
Psychotria dubia var. dubia (Wight) Alston Psychotria dubia (Wight) Alston NT
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Psychotria longipetiolata Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Psychotria sordida Thwaites EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Psychotria stenophylla
Psychotria srilankensis Ruhsam VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Thwaites) Hook.f.
E: Ceylon boxwood;
S: Gal-karanda,
Psydrax dicoccos var. dicoccos Gaertn. Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn. LC
Panakarawa, Panduru;
T: Vatchikuran, Yerkoli
Psydrax dicoccos var. lanceolatus (Arn.)
DD
Ridsdale ▲
130
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of Ceylon
Saprosma foetens subsp. ceylanica (Gardner)
LC
M.Gangop. & Chakrab.
Saprosma glomerata var. gardneri (Thwaites) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Gang. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Saprosma scabridum (Thwaites) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Saprosma scabrida (Thwaites) Bedd. EN
Beddome +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.)
Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R.J.Wang LC
Roxb.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scyphiphora hydrophylacea C.F.Gaertn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Wild coffee; B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Scyphostachys coffeoides Thwaites EN
S: Wal-kopi +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Tarana;
Tarenna asiatica (L.) Kuntze ex K.Schum. LC
T: Karanai
S: Rawan-idala,
Wendlandia bicuspidata Wight & Arn. LC
Wana-idala
Family: Ruppiaceae
Ruppia maritima L. DD
Family: Rutaceae
S: Yakinaran, Yak-dehi,
Atalantia ceylanica (Arn.) Oliv. Wal-dehi; LC
T: Pey kuruntu
S: Dodan pana;
Atalantia monophylla DC. LC
T: Perunkruntu
131
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of Ceylon
E: Satin wood;
S: Buruta;
Chloroxylon swietenia DC. VU A2cd
T: Moodudad marum,
Muritai, Mutirai
Clausena dentata (Willd.) S: Bembiya, Ganda-pana,
Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. LC
M.Roem. Et-kara, Weda-pana
S: Migon karapincha;
Clausena indica (Dalzell) Oliv. LC
T: Pannai, Purankainari
S: Dodan-pana;
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A.DC. LC
T: Kulapannai
E: Elephant-apple,
Wood apple;
Limonia acidissima L. S: Divul; LC
T: Mayaladikkuruntu,
Vila, Vilatti
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Luvunga angustifolia (Oliv.) Tanaka VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Curry leaf;
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. S: Karapincha; LC
T: Karivempu
E: Orange jessamine;
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack LC
S: Etteriya
S: Pamburu;
Pamburus missionis (Wall. ex Wight) Swingle T: Kurantu, Kuruntu, LC
Perum kuruntu
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Paramignya beddomei Tanaka EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Paramignya monophylla var. monophylla
S: Wellangiriya LC
Wight
132
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Zanthoxylum tetraspermum Wight & Arn. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Sabiaceae
Family: Salicaceae
S: Wal-waraka;
Casearia zeylanica (Gaertn.) Thwaites T: Kakapalai, Kakapelar, LC
Kakkaipalai,Tey pala
E: Ceylon gooseberry; B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb. EN
S: Ketambila +2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Dik-patana,
Katukurundu,
Katukutundu , Uguressa,
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. LC
Ukkuressa, Wal-divul;
T: Katukali, Kurumurukki,
Mulanninchil
S: Eta-heraliya, Liyang,
Homalium ceylanicum (Gardner) Benth. LC
Liyan, Walu
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Homalium dewitii Kosterm. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Katu-kenda,
Scolopia acuminata Clos NT
Katu-kurundu
Family: Salvadoraceae
S: Katuniyanda;
Azima tetracantha Lam. LC
T: Ichanku, Iyanku
Family: Santalaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ginalloa spathulifolia (Thwaites) Oliv. EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
133
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Korthalsella japonica (Thunb.) Engl. CR
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Notothixos floccosus (Thwaites) Oliv. EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Scleropyrum wallichianum
Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) Mabb. EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
(Wight & Arn.) Arn.
Family: Sapindaceae
S: Bu-kobbe, Kobbe,
Allophylus cobbe (L.) Forsyth f. Kobo, Moodu-kobe, LC
Wal-kobbe
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Cardiospermum corindum L. Cardiospermum canescens Wall. S: Loco penela EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
S: Penela-wel,
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. LC
Wel-penela
Cardiospermum halicacabum S: Penela-wel,
Cardiospermum microcarpum Kunth ▲ NT
var. microcarpum (Kunth) Blume Wel-penela
S: Mora, Mora-mora,
Dimocarpus longan Lour. LC
Penni-mora, Rasa-mora
S: Eta-werella;
Dodonaea viscosa subsp. viscosa Jacq. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. LC
T: Virali
Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia (L.f.)
DD
J.G.West *
S: Pehimbiya;
Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites LC
T: Chittirai vempu
S: Wal-mora;
Glenniea unijuga (Thwaites) Radlk. LC
T: Kuma
S: Gal-kuma;
Lepisanthes senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh. LC
T: Kal-kuma
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lepisanthes simplicifolia (Thwaites) Leenh. EN
+2ab (i,ii,iii)
Lepisanthes tetraphylla var. tetraphylla (Vahl) Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl)
LC
Radlk. Radlk.
134
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Lepisanthes tetraphylla var. trichocarpa
NT
(Thwaites) Wadhwa & Meijer ▲
S: Bulu-mora, Gal-mora,
Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. LC
Na-imbul,
E: Soap nut tree;
S: Embilla,
Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Sapindus emarginata Vahl LC
Gas-penela, Kaha-penela,
Matambala, Penela
S: Kaha penela, Kon,
Sapindus trifoliatus L. Sapindus trifoliata L. Kone; VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Puva, Kula
E: Ceylon oak;
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken LC
S : Kon; T: Kula, Puvu
Family: Sapotaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Isonandra compta Dubard EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kiri-warala, Kiri-
Isonandra lanceolata Wight NT
hembiliya, Mol-pedda
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Isonandra montana (Thwaites) Gamble EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
E: Clavate mi;
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Madhuca clavata Jayas. S: Ritigala mi, Kiri-mi, CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Wana-mi
E: Mousey mi;
Madhuca longifolia var. longifolia (J.Koenig ex Madhuca longifolia (L.)
S: Gam Mi, Gula pushpa, LC
L.) J.F.Macbr. Macbride
Mi, Thel-mi; T: Illupai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Mimusops andamanensis King & Gramble EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Munamal,
Mimusops elengi L. Sinha-kesara; NT
T: Makil, Mukalai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Palaquium canaliculatum (Thwaites) Engl. S: Ela-kiri-hembiliya VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kiri-hambiliya,
Kiriheriya, Kiri-pedda,
Palaquium grande (Thwaites) Engl. VU B1ab(iii,iii)
Mihiriya, Molpedda,
Rathatiya
S: Hinmolpedda,
Palaquium hinmolpedda P.Royen VU B1ab(iii,iii)
Kiri-meeriya, Miriya
135
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B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Palaquium laevifolium (Thwaites) Engl. S: Molpedda, Wana-mi EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Golabodu,
Palaquium petiolare (Thwaites) Engl. VU B1ab(iii,iii)
Kiri-hambiliya, Kiri-nuga
S: Kiriwavula, Kiri-pedda,
Palaquium rubiginosum (Thwaites) Engl. VU B1ab(iii,iii)
Tawenna,
Family: Schizandraceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Family: Simaroubaceae
E: White Siris;
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston S: Kumbalu, Wal-bilin; VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
T: Peru
E: Macassar kernel;
Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. LC
S: Thiththa kohomba
Family: Smilacaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Smilax aspera L. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kabarassa,
Smilax perfoliata Lour. LC
Maha-kabarassa
S: Heen-kabaressa,
Smilax zeylanica L. LC
Kabarassa
Family: Solanaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lycianthes bigeminata (Nees) Bitter VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Solanum insanum L. * NT
S: Wel-tibbatu;
Solanum trilobatum L. LC
T: Tuttuvalai
136
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S: Kara-batu, Katuwel;
Solanum virginianum L. CR B2ab(iii,iii)
T: Kandan-kattari
Family: Sphenocleaceae
Family: Staphyleaceae
S: Eta-hirilla,
Turpinia malabarica Gamble Garandi-kidaran, LC
Kankumbala
Family: Stemonaceae
Family: Stemonuraceae
Family: Stylidiaceae
Family: Surianaceae
Family: Symplocaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Symplocos cordifolia Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Symplocos coronata var. coronata Thwaites Symplocos coronata Thwaites S: Galparre, Guduhal VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Symplocos diversifolia var. diversifolia Brand Symplocos diversifolia Brand EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Symplocos elegans var. angustata Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
137
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of Ceylon
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Symplocos elegans var. elegans Thwaites Symplocos elegans Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Symplocos elegans var. hirsuta (Wight & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Gardner ex Thwaites) Noot. ▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Symplocos elegans var. minor (Thwaites) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Noot. ▲ +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Symplocos obtusa var. cucullata Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Tamaricaceae
E: Tamarisk;
Tamarix indica Willd. LC
T: Kirai, Kiri, Tini
Family: Tetramelaceae
Family: Theaceae
Family: Thymelaeaceae
S: Wal-aha, Walla,
Gyrinops walla Gaertn. VU A3bd
Walla-patta, Patta-walla
Gnidia glauca var. glauca
Lasiosiphon glaucus Fresen. S: Naha NT
(Fresen.) Gilg
Gnidia glauca var. insularis
Lasiosiphon insularis (Gardner) Meisn. NT
(Gardn.) C.C.Townsend
Family: Triuridaceae
138
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Family: Typhaceae
Family: Ulmaceae
E: Indian elm;
Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. S: Goda kirilla; NT
T: Ayil, Kauchia, Velaylii
Family: Urticaceae
E: Wild Rhea;
Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd. LC
S: Gas-dul
Debregeasia wallichiana subsp. ceylanica Debregeasia wallichiana
S: Muda-kenda NT
(Hook.f.) Wilmot-Dear (Wedd.) Wedd.
E: Devi nettle, Fever
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew nettle; EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Maoossa-gas, Ma-ussa
139
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E: Nilgiri nettle; B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis EN
S: Gas-kahambilia +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pilea angulata subsp. angulata (Blume) Blume Pilea angulata (Blume) Blume EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pilea wightii Wedd. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pouzolzia hirta var. hirta (Blume) Hassk. Pouzolzia bennettiana Wight VU
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Pouzolzia hirta var. parvifolia (Wight) Friis & Pouzolzia triandra (Blume) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Wilmot-Dear Blume +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Vahliaceae
Family: Verbenaceae
E: Cape Weed,
Cidron, Lippia grass;
Phyla nodiflora var. nodiflora (L.) Greene LC
S: Hiramana-datta;
T: Podutalai
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Priva cordifolia (L.f.) Druce CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Viburnaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Viburnum cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
+2ab(i,ii,iii);
Viburnum erubescens Wall. ex DC. EN
D1
Family: Violaceae
140
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Afrohybanthus ramosissimus (Thwaites) Hybanthus ramosissimus
CR B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Flicker (Thwaites) Melch.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Rinorea bengalensis (Wall.) Kuntze CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Vitaceae
S: Rata-bulat-wel, Towel;
Ampelocissus indica (L.) Planch NT
T: Sambaravali
Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb. & J.Wen Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin S: Wal-rat-diya-labu LC
S: Geranda-dul-wel,
Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gagnep. Mediya-wel; LC
T: Kattuppirandaa, Naralai
S: Hirassa, Sirassa;
T: Arugni, Indirvalli, Kiritti,
Cissus quadrangularis L. Pirandai, Puraindai, LC
Uchiradam, Uttansanjivi,
Vachiravalli
S: Wal-nivithi;
Cissus vitiginea L. LC
T: Kaddumuntiri
S: Burulla, Gurulla;
Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. LC
T: Nyckki, Otta-nali
141
Scientific Names in Red List 2012
Family/Scientific Name or Revised hand book to the flora Common Names NCS Criteria
of Ceylon
Family: Xyridaceae
S: Ran-manissa,
Xyris indica L. NT
Ran-mota, Ran- motu
Family: Zingiberaceae
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Amomum pterocarpum Thwaites EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Curcuma albiflora Thwaites S: Haran-kaha EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Family: Zygophyllaceae
S: Gokatu;
Tribulus terrestris L. Sembu-nerinchi, LC
T: Chiru nerinchi
142
Crudia zeylanica (Thwaites) Benth.
Fabaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): EX
Last recorded year: 1911
Newly recorded from: Daraluwa, Minuwangoda,
Doranagoda, Kadirana, Henarathgoda, Kaduwela,
Bemmulla - Gampaha District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
143
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees
Acanthaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Newly recorded from: Wariyapola -
Kurunegala District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
144
Strobilanthes arnottiana Nees
Acanthaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1882
Newly recorded from: Galways land NP -
Nuwara Eliya District.
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
145
Strobilanthes thwaitesii T.Anders
Acanthaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1855
Newly recorded from: Uda Maliboda -
Kegalle District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
146
Impatiens subcordata Arn.
Balsaminaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1906
Newly recorded from: Mandaramnuwara, Kabaragala -
Nuwara Eliya District and Nawalapitiya - Kandy District
Photographed by: Bathiya Gopallawa.
147
Trichosanthes nervifolia L.
Cucurbitaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1885
Newly recorded from: Sinharaja FR -
Ratnapura District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
148
Tragia Montana (Thwaites) Müll.Arg.
Euphorbiaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1926
Newly recorded from: Hakgala SNR -
Nuwara Eliya District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
149
Grona jucunda (Thwaites) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi
Fabaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1864
Newly recorded from: Kumbukgolla -
Matale District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
150
Neolitsea foliosa (Nees) Gamble
Lauraceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: Unknown
Newly recorded from: Morning Side -
Ratnapura District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
Corchorus trilocularis L.
Malvaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1863
Newly recorded from: Middeniya -
Matara District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
151
Indianthus virgatus (Roxb.) Suksathan & Borchs.
Marantaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1855
Newly recorded from: Pelmadulla -
Ratnapura District and Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
152
Hedyotis cinereoviridis Thwaites
Rubiaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: Unknown
Newly recorded from: Riverstone -
Matale District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
153
Lasianthus protractus (Thwaites) Thwaites
Rubiaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: Unknown
Newly recorded from: Samanala Nature Reserve -
Ratnapura District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
Suriana maritima L.
Surianaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1890
Newly recorded from: Poonaryn -
Kilinochchi District.
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
154
Chamabainia cuspidata Wight
Urticaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1906
Newly recorded from: Horton plains -
Nuwara Eliya District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
Elatostema rigidiusculum
(Thwaites ex Hooker) Ranil & Nadeeka
Urticaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1866
Newly recorded from: Samanala Nature Reserve and
Bambarabotuwa - Ratnapura District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
155
Pellionia heyneana Wedd.
Urticaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR(PE)
Last recorded year: 1930
Newly recorded from: Danthure -
Kandy District
Photographed by: Himesh Jayasinghe
156
Impatiens leucantha Thwaites
Balsaminaceae
Origin: Endemic
NCS (2012): CR
Newly recorded from: Kalawana -
Ratnapura District
Photographed by: Bathiya Gopallawa & Himesh Jayasinghe
Exacum pedunculatum L.
Gentianaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): CR
Newly recorded from: Habarana -
Polonnaruwa District (Previously recorded only from
Matale Bobella area)
Photographed by: Bathiya Gopallawa & Himesh Jayasinghe
Exacum sessile L.
Gentianaceae
Origin: Native
NCS (2012): EN
Newly recorded from: Hanthana -
Kandy District
Photographed by: Bathiya Gopallawa.
157
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Pteridophytes in Sri Lanka
R.H.G. Ranil1, N.P.T. Gunawardena2, D.K.T. Muthukuda Arachchi2, D.K.N.G. Pushpakumara1 and D.S.A. Wijesundara3
1
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
2
National Herbarium, Department of National Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
3
National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka’s pteridophytes are important both on a regional species, hybrids and taxonomically doubtful species were
and global scale. Geographical isolation and a wide range excluded. Table 09 shows a comparison of the number of
of climatic, elevational, and habitat types in Sri Lanka have taxa under each category between National Red Lists 2012
resulted in the rich diversity of pteridophytes (Ferns and and 2020. It indicates the severity of threat level and the
Lycophytes) and exceptionally the high level of endemism immediate necessity of setting conservation priorities and
(Ranil and Pushpakumara, 2012). As Fraser-Jenkins, (1984, management goals.
2010) stated the species found in the Sri Lankan/south
Indian, or “Hindulankan” region, show a strong affinity Over the last two decades, the number of pteridophytes
with the Malaysian flora in South East Asia, the Sino- has changed significantly due to recently conducted
Himalayan flora in north east India and to a lesser degree pteridological studies in India and also due to the re-
with African elements in East Africa, Madagascar, the identification of previously misidentified species (see
Mascarenes, and Seychelles. Fraser-Jenkins, 2008 and Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2016, 2018,
2020) which are in some cases unknown from herbarium
Shaffer-Fehre (2006) reported the occurrence of 351 taxa records. We have tried to include all such information and
including 48 endemics in the flora of Ceylon. Though the hence the total number of taxa has increased by 15 in the
Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon was compiled current list.
in 1995, it was published later in 2006. Important
taxonomic changes proposed after 1995 were therefore We follow here the PPG-I (2016) classification system to
not included in it (Ranil et al., 2016). The National Red list most of the taxa. For some taxonomic groups, recently
List 2012 (Ranil and Pushpakumara, 2012) was also published taxonomic changes were also considered when
entirely based on the list provided in the Hand book. necessary. Even though the Revised Handbook to the Flora
Ranil et al. (2016) have considered some of the changes of Ceylon - volume 15 (A and B) is taxonomically out of
made during the last two decades in their evaluation of date, it is still valid and widely used due to its carefully and
the endemic pteridophyte flora in Sri Lanka and have accurately prepared species descriptions (Ranil et al., 2020).
confirmed 47 taxa as Sri Lankan endemics. When a different name is adopted in the current list, the
corresponding name used in the Hand book is therefore
The National Red List of pteridophytes -2020 was based given in parenthesis [FC(A) and FC(B)]. In the same way,
on the updated checklist of pteridophyte flora in Sri Lanka the different names used in the taxonomically orientated
compiled by Ranil et al., (2020) as a result of reviewing Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes Parts 1, 2 and 3 (Fraser-
studies in India and other phytogeographically related Jenkins et al. 2016, 2018, 2020.) are also given in parenthesis
areas. The list contains 392 taxa including 42 endemics. [CIP(1), CIP(2)] and CIP (3). Endemic species are in bold-face.
Of these, we have evaluated here 350 native taxa using We aim for the current list to provide an accurate scientific
IUCN Red Listing Criteria to identify the conservation basis for future research and conservation activities
status of each taxon in the present work. Naturalized concerning Sri Lanka’s unique pteridophyte diversity.
Table 09. A comparison of the conservation-status of Pteridophyte species between 2012 and 2020
Conservation-status National Red List (2012) National Red List (2020)
Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) 20 25
Critically Endangered 41 49
Endangered 87 87
Vulnerable 71 71
Near Threatened 40 38
Least Concern 67 65
Data Deficient 09 15
Total No. of taxa 335 350
170
Table: 10. Summary of the Status of Pteridophytes in Sri Lanka
(Endemics are shown within brackets; Species and Sub species! are noted separately)
Total Total
Family EX EW CR CR EN VU NT DD LC Threatened Taxa
(PE) Taxa
Blechnaceae 1 1 2 2 4
1ꜝ 1ꜝ 1ꜝ
Davalliaceae 2 1 1 1 1 3 6
Dennstaedtiaceae 3 2 1 1 1 3 4 11
Diplaziopsidaceae 1 1 1
Equisetaceae 1 1 1
Gleicheniaceae 2 0 2
Hypodematiaceae 1 1 1 2
Isoetaceae 1 1 1
Lycopodiaceae 1 6 3 1 1 1 10 13
Lygodiaceae 1 1 1 1 3
Marattiaceae 1 2 1 3
Marsileaceae 1 1 1 2
Nephrolepidaceae 1 1 1 1 2 4
Oleandraceae 1 1 1
Ophioglossaceae 1 8 9 9
Osmundaceae 1 1 1
Psilotaceae 1 1 1
Pteridaceae 7 1 4 9 8 5 16 14 50
1ꜝ 2ꜝ 2ꜝ 2ꜝ 1ꜝ 7ꜝ
Salviniaceae 1 0 1
1ꜝ 1ꜝ
Schizaeaceae 1 0 1
TOTAL 31 25 (4) 49 (9) 87 (9) 71 (10) 38 (8) 15 65 (2) 207 (28) 350 (42)
3 (2)ꜝ 3ꜝ 6 (1)ꜝ 5ꜝ 6ꜝ 4ꜝ 12 (3)ꜝ 27 (3)ꜝ
171
Table: 11. List of Pteridophytes in Sri Lanka
(Endemic species are in bold letters )
LYCOPHYTES
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Huperzia ceylanica (Spring) Trevis. S: Kuda-hedaya EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Huperzia serrata auct. non (Thunb.) B1ab (i,ii,iii)
Huperzia javanica (Sw.) C.Y.Yang. EN
Trevis.FC(A) +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lycopodium wightianum Grev. & Hook. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm. S: Badal-hanassa,
Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco & Vasc. LC
FC(A)/CIP(1)
Badal wanassa
Phlegmariurus hamiltonii (Spreng.) A.Löve & D. Huperzia hamiltonii (Spring) Trevis. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kuda- hedaya EN
Löve FC(A)/CIP(1)
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Phlegmariurus phyllanthus (Hook. & Arn.) Huperzia phyllantha (Hook. & Arn,)
S: Maha-hedaya VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
R.D.Dixit HolubFC(A)/CIP(1)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Phlegmariurus pinifolius (Trevis.) Kiew Huperzia pinifolia Trevis.FC(A) S: Kuda-hedaya CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Phlegmariurus pulcherrimus (Hook. & Grev.) Huperzia pulcherrima (Wall. ex Hook.
S: Kuda-hedaya VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
A.Löve & D.Löve & Grev.) Pic.Serm.FC(A)/CIP(1)
Phlegmariurus squarrosus (G.Forst.) A.Löve & Huperzia squarrosa (G.Forst.) Trevis. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
S: Kuda-hedaya EN
D.Löve FC(A)/CIP(1)
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Lycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Pic.Serm.
Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Holub FC(A)/CIP(1) NT
172
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
FERNS
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. S: Thani-wel EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Sceptridium daucifolium (Wall. ex Hook. & Botrychium daucifolium Wall. ex Hook. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Grev.) Lyon & Grev.FC(A)/CIP(1) +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ptisana fraxinea (Sm.) Murdock Marattia fraxinea Sm.FC(A)/CIP(1) EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Selenodesmium obscurum
Abrodictyum obscurum (Blume) Ebihara & K.I
(Blume) Copel.FC(A) VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
wats.
Trichomanes obscurum BlumeCIP(1)
Crepidomanes bilabiatum (Nees & Blume) Trichomanes bilabiatum Nees &
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Copel. BlumeCIP(1)
Crepidomanes intramarginale (Hook. & Grev.) Trichomanes intramarginale Hook. & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Copel. Grev.CIP(1) +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crepidomanes kurzii (Bedd.) Tagawa & K.Iwats. Trichomanes kurzii Bedd.CIP(1) CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Trichomanes latealatum (Bosch)
Crepidomanes latealatum (Bosch) Copel. CR B1ab(i,ii,iii)
ChristCIP(1)
Gonocormus prolifer (Blume) Prantl
Crepidomanes minutum (Blume) K.Iwats. FC(A)
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
Trichomanes minutum BlumeCIP(1)
Gonocormus saxifragoides (C.Presl)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Crepidomanes saxifragoides (C.Presl) P.S.Green BoschFC(A) EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Trichomanes saxifragoides C.Presl CIP(1)
Crepidomanes campanulatum (Roxb.) Panigrahi B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Trichomanes campanulatum Roxb.CIP(1) EN
& Sarn.Singh +2ab(i,ii,iii)
173
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
Microgonium
Didymoglossum bimarginatum (Bosch) Ebihara bimarginatum BoschFC(A)
EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)
& K.Iwats. Trichomanes bimarginatum (Bosch)
BoschCIP(1)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Didymoglossum wallii (Thwaites) Copel. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Microtrichomanes nitidulum
Hymenophyllum nitidulum (Bosch) Ebihara & B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Bosch) Copel. FC(A) EN
K.Iwats. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Trichomanes nitidulum BoschCIP(1)
Pleuromanes pallidum (Blume)
Hymenophyllum pallidum (Blume) Ebihara & K. B1ab(i,ii,iii)
C.Presl.FC(A) EN
Iwats. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Trichomanes pallidum BlumeCIP(1)
174
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Marsilea coromandelina Willd. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Alsophila hookeri (Thwaites) R.M.Tryon Cyathea hookeri ThwaitesFC(A) S: Gini-hota, Gini-watara EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Alsophila sinuata (Hook. & Grev.) R.M.Tryon Cyathea sinuata Hook. &Grev. FC(A) S: Gini-hota, Gini-watara EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Alsophila srilankensis (Ranil) Ranil Cyathea srilankensis Ranil S: Gini-hota, Gini-watara CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Alsophila walkerae (Hook.) J.Sm. Cyathea walkerae Hook FC(A) S: Gini-hota, Gini-watara VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lindsaea orbiculata (Lam.) Mett. ex Kuhn EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lindsaea schizophylla (Baker) Christ CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lindsaea venusta Kaulf. ex Kuhn EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Lindsaea walkerae Hook. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Nesolindsaea caudata (Hook.) Lehtonen &
Lindsaea caudata Hook.FC(A) VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Christenh.
175
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
Acrostichum aureum L. LC
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Adiantum flabellulatum L. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Adiantum philippense L. LC
176
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pteris gongalensis T.G.Walker CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Pteris tripartita Sw. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
177
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
S: Waralla, An-kakilla,
Pteridium revolutum (Blume) Nakai LC
Monara-kakilla
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Asplenium laciniatum D.Don subsp. laciniatum EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
178
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Asplenium tenuifolium D.Don CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Asplenium thunbergii Kunze Asplenium decorum KunzeFC(A) EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Asplenium yoshinagae Makino subsp. Asplenium indicum auct. non
NT
austroindicum Fraser-Jenk. SledgeFC(A)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Asplenium zenkerianum Kunze EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Asplenium amoenum C.Presl ex
Hymenasplenium amoenum (C.Presl ex Mett.)
Mett.]FC(A)/CIP(1) NT
Ranil
Aspleniaum unilaterale Lam.FC(A)
Hymenasplenium cheilosorum (Kunze ex Mett.) Asplenium cheilosorum Kunze ex
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Tagawa Mett.FC(A)/CIP(1)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hymenasplenium excisum (C.Presl) S.Linds. Asplenium excisum C.Presl FC(A)/CIP(1) EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Hymenasplenium obscurum (Blume) Tagawa Asplenium obscurum BlumeFC(A)/CIP(1) CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Doodia dives Kunze EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Athyrium anisopterum Christ EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Athyrium cumingianum (C.Presl) Ching EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Athyrium gymnogrammoides (Klotzsch ex
CR B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Mett.) Bedd.
179
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Athyrium hohenackerianum (Kunze) T.Moore EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Athyrium puncticaule (Blume) T.Moore EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Athyrium solenopteris (Kunze) T.Moore EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Athyrium triangulare Alderw. Athyrium wardii acut., non (Hook.)
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
MakinoFC(B)
Deparia boryana (Willd.) M.Kato subsp.
VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
boryana
Deparia boryana (Willd.) M.Kato subsp.
DD
austroindica Fraser-Jenk.
Deparia japonica (Thunb.) M.Kato subsp.
DD
japonica
Deparia japonica (Thunb.) M.Kato subsp. Deparia petersenii (Kunze) M.Kato
NT
petersenii (Kunze) Fraser-Jenk. subsp. peterseniiFC(A)
Deparia japonica ( Thunb.) M.Kato subsp.
DD
sledgei (Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk.
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Deparia polyrhiza (Baker) Seriz. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Deparia thwaitesii (A.Braun ex Mett.) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
EN
Christenh. +2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Deparia zeylanica (Hook) M. Kato. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Diplazium travancoricum Bedd. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
180
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
Amphineuron terminans
Amblovenatum terminans (J.Sm. ex Hook.) J.P (J.Sm. ex Hook.) Holttum]FC(B)
LC
.Roux Thelypteris terminans (J.Sm. ex
Hook.) Tagawa & K.Iwats.CIP(1)
181
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorhachis
(Kunze) Ching FC(B)
Pseudophegopteris paludosa (Blume) Ching VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Thelypteris paludosa (Blume)
K.Iwats.CIP(1)
Thelypteris arbuscula (Willd.)
Sphaerostephanos arbuscula (Willd.) Holttum LC
K.Iwats.CIP(1)
Thelypteris subtruncata (Bory) B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Sphaerostephanos subtruncatus (Bory) Holttum CR
Panigrahi CIP(1) +2ab(i,ii,iii)
Thelypteris unita (L.) C.V.Morton
Sphaerostephanos unitus (L.) Holttum CIP(1) LC
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C.V.Morton EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Arachniodes amabilis (Blume) Tindale EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Arachniodes aristata auct. non
Arachniodes palmipes (Kunze) Fraser-Jenk. LC
(Forst.f.) Tindale FC(A)
Arachniodes tripinnata auct. non
Arachniodes sledgei Fraser-Jenk . NT
(Goldm.) Sledge FC(A)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bolbitis angustipinna (Hayata) H.Itô. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bolbitis appendiculata (Willd.) K.Iwats. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Bolbitis subcrenata (Hook. & Grev.) Ching EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Ctenitis thwaitesii Holttum EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
182
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
183
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Arthropteris palisotii (Desv.) Alston EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Pteridrys cnemidaria (Christ) C.Chr. & Ching Pteridrys zeylanica Ching FC(A) CR(PE)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Tectaria coadunata (J.Sm.) C.Chr. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Tectaria subtriphylla (Hook. & Arn.) Copel. EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Davallodes hymenophylloides
Davallia hymenophylloides (Blume) Kuhn EN B1ab(i,ii,iii)
(Blume) M.Kato & TsutsumiCIP(3)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Davallia solida (G.Forst.) Sw. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
184
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
Microsorum membranaceum NT
Bosmania membranacea (D.Don.) Testo
(D.Don) Ching FC(B)
Lepisorus amaurolepidus (Sledge)
Lepisorus contortus (Christ) Ching LC
Bir &TrikhaFC(B)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Loxogramme cuspidata (Zenker) M.G.Price EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Loxogramme parallela Copel. CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Phymatosorus membranifolius
LC
Microsorum membranifolium (R.Br.) Ching (R.Br.) S.G.Lu CIP(3)
Phymatosorus scolopendria
Microsorum scolopendria (Burm.f) Copel. LC
(Burm.f.) Pic.Serm.CIP(3)
S: Panam pethi,
Pyrrosia heterophylla (L.) M.G.Price LC
Kasi pethi
185
Family/Scientific Name Synonyms/Other Names Common Names NCS Criteria
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oreogrammitis reinwardtii (Blume) Parris Grammitis reinwardtii Blume FC(A) EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Oreogrammitis wallii (Bedd.) Parris Grammitis wallii (Bedd.) Copel.FC(A) CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Prosaptia ceylanica Parris CR
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
B1ab(i,ii,iii)
Tomophyllum epaleatum (Parris) Parris Ctenopteris epaleata Parris FC(A) EN
+2ab(i,ii,iii)
Note: FC(A)- Revised hand book to the flora of Ceylon-volume 15(A); FC(B)-Revised hand book to the flora of Ceylon-volume 15(B); ClP(1)-Check list
of Indian Ptridophytes part 1; ClP(2)-Check list of Indian Ptridophytes part 2; ClP(3)-Check list of Indian Ptridophytes part 3.
186
Lindsaea pectinata Blume
Lindsaeaceae
Origin: Native
NCS: CR
Confined to the Sinharaja world heritage site. It is one
of the most attractive Lindsaea species due to its long
creeping rhizome with nicely arranged pinnules. Lamina is
long and highly variable in shape.
Photographed by- R.H.G. Ranil
187
References
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N., Kholia, B.S. and D.S.A. (2020). The Updated Checklist of Pteridophyte
Benniamin, A. (2016). An Annotated Checklist of Flora of Sri Lanka, (Submitted to the American Fern
Indian Pteridophytes (Part-1). Lycopodiaceae to Journal).
Thelypteridaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal
Singh, Dehra Dun, India. Ranil, R.H.G., Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Pushpakumara,
D.K.N.G., Wijsundara, D.S.A., Parris, B.S.(2016). The
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N. and Kholia, B.S. (2018). endemic Pteridophyte flora of Sri Lanka: taxonomy,
An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes geographical distribution and conservation status.
(Part-2). Woodsiaceae to Dryopteridaceae. Bishen Indian Fern Journal 33: 1-136
Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India.
Ranil, R.H.G., Parris, B.S., Sundue, M.A., Chamara,
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N. and Kholia, B.S. (2020). R.M.S.R. and Pushpakumara, D.K.N.G. (2019). The
An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes grammitid ferns of Sri Lanka: A situational analysis
(Part-3). Lomariopsidaceae to Salviniaceae. Bishen of the most threatened fern group in Sri Lanka.
Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India. Proceeding of the 11th Flora Malesiana Symposium,
Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei. Pp. 102-104.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2008). Taxonomic Revision of Three
Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pteridophytes with Ranil, R.H.G. and Pushpakumara, D.K.N.G. (2012).
a Revised Census-List. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Taxonomy and conservation status of pteridophyte
Singh, Dehra Dun, India. flora of Sri Lanka. In: The National Red List 2012
of Sri Lanka: Conservation Status of the Fauna
PPG I (2016), “A community-derived classification for and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K. & Wijesundara (eds.).
extant lycophytes and ferns”, Journal of Systematics
Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603.
Shaffer-Fehre.M. (2006). A Revised Handbook of the
Ranil, R.H.G., Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Ebihara, A., Cheng- Flora of Ceylon.Vol. 15 (A & B). Science Publishers,
Wei Chen, ,Parris, B.S. and Hovenkamp, P. Sundue, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA.
M., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.G. and Wijesundara,
188
A Provisional List of Bryophytes in Sri Lanka
S.C.K. Rubasinghe and N.C.S. Ruklani
Liverworts, mosses and hornworts are commonly In addition, proper locality details are lacking from many
referred to as “Bryophytes”. However, they comprise of these collections. There is no comprehensive Flora for
three distinct Phyla within the Kingdom Plantae: Phylum Sri Lankan bryophytes. Although Sri Lanka harbours a rich
Marchantiophyta (liverworts), Phylum Bryophyta (mosses) bryophyte flora, they remained a poorly researched group
and Phylum Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). According to of plants until proper systematic studies were initiated
the available checklists, Sri Lanka harbours 327 species recently. This is the first instance that bryophytes of Sri
of liverworts (Long and Rubasinghe, 2014), 560 species Lanka are included in the National Redlist which is a major
of mosses (O’Shea, 2002) and 05 species of hornworts step forward in bryological research in Sri Lanka. Here
(Rubasinghe and Long, 2014). However, the checklists to- we present the lists of liverworts, mosses and hornworts
date are mainly based on collections and publications made based on the recent checklists: liverworts and hornworts
during the British Colonial Period in the early 19th Century (Long and Rubasinghe, 2014) and mosses (O’Shea, 2002).
(details in Rubasinghe and Long, 2014). Much of this old Additions are made to the existing checklists based on
literature is in multiplicity of publications and most of the publications made afterwards. Accordingly, 345 species
existing collections are scattered in herbaria on several of liverworts, 07 species of hornworts and 574 species of
continents not easily accessible to Sri Lankan botanists. mosses are listed.
Anastrophyllaceae Cephaloziaceae
Anastrophyllum imbricatum (Wilson ex Gottsche, Lindenb. Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt.
& Nees) Steph.
Anastrophyllum piligerum (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Steph. Cephaloziellaceae
Plicanthus birmensis (Steph.) R.M.Schust. Cylindrocolea kiaeri (Austin) Váňa
Plicanthus hirtellus (F.Weber) R.M.Schust. Gottschelia schizopleura (Spruce) Grolle
Schizophyllopsis bidens (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Váňa & L.
Söderstr. Cyathodiaceae
Cyathodium cavernarum Kunze
Aneuraceae Cyathodium smaragdinum Schiffn. ex Keissl.
Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort.
Riccardia canaliculata (Nees) Schiffn. Dumortieraceae
Riccardia multifida (L.) Gray Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees. sens. lat.
Aytoniaceae Exormothecaceae
Plagiochasma rupestre (G.Forst.) Steph. Exormotheca ceylonensis Meijer
Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi
Frullaniaceae
Blasiaceae Frullania acutiloba Mitt.
Blasia pusilla L. Frullania alstonii Verd.
Frullania apiculata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Dumort.
189
Frullania apiculata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Dumort. var. Caudalejeunea reniloba (Gottsche) Steph.
goebelii Schiffn. Ceratolejeunea cornuta (Lindenb.) Steph.
Frullania arecae (Spreng.) Gott. Cheilolejeunea ceylanica (Gottsche) R.M.Schust. &
Frullania brotheri Steph. Kachroo
Frullania campanulata Sande Lac. Cheilolejeunea decurrens (Sande Lac.) X.-L.He
Frullania capilliformis Steph. Cheilolejeunea decursiva (Sande Lac.) R.M.Schust.
Frullania claviloba Steph. Cheilolejeunea gardneri (Mitt.) Mizut.
Frullania ericoides (Nees) Mont. Cheilolejeunea imbricata (Nees) S.Hatt.
Frullania gaudichaudii (Nees & Mont.) Nees & Mont. var. Cheilolejeunea intertexta (Lindenb.) Steph.
ceylanica (Nees) S.Hatt. Cheilolejeunea krakakammae (Lindenb.) R.M.Schust.
Frullania gracilis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Dumort. Cheilolejeunea lindenbergii (Gottsche) Mizut.
Frullania grandistipula Lindenb. Cheilolejeunea longiloba (Steph. ex G.Hoffm.) J.J.Engel &
Frullania hottana S.Hatt. B.C.Tan
Frullania hypoleuca Nees Cheilolejeunea nietneri (Steph.) Mizut.
Frullania intermedia (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Dumort. Cheilolejeunea serpentina (Mitt.) Mizut.
Frullania meyeniana Lindenb. Cheilolejeunea streimannii Pócs & Ninh
Frullania microauriculata Verd. Cheilolejeunea subopaca (Mitt.) Mizut.
Frullania microauriculata Verd. var. rotundior Verd. Cheilolejeunea trapezia (Nees) Mizut.
Frullania moniliata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mont. Cheilolejeunea trifaria (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mizut.
Frullania moniliata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mont. subsp. Cheilolejeunea vittata (Steph. ex G.Hoffm.) R.M.Schust. &
breviramea (Steph.) Verd. Kachroo
Frullania moniliata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mont. subsp. Cololejeunea amoena Benedix
obscura Verd. Cololejeunea appressa (A.Evans) Benedix
Frullania monocera (Taylor) Taylor Cololejeunea ceratilobula (P.C.Chen) R.M.Schust.
Frullania monocera (Taylor) Taylor var. schiffneri (Verd.) Cololejeunea ceylanica Onr.
S.Hatt. Cololejeunea cordiflora Steph.
Frullania neurota Taylor Cololejeunea desciscens Steph.
Frullania nodulosa (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Nees Cololejeunea falcata (Horik.) Benedix
Frullania orientalis Sande Lac. Cololejeunea fissilobula Herz.
Frullania polyptera Taylor Cololejeunea floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph.
Frullania polyptera Taylor var. angustata (Mitt.) S.Hatt. Cololejeunea floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph. var.
Frullania ramuligera (Nees) Mont. aurita Benedix
Frullania riojaneirensis (Raddi) Spruce Cololejeunea floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph. var.
Frullania serrata Gottsche trivitata Tixier
Frullania serrata Gottsche forma crispulodentata Verd. Cololejeunea fredericii Onr.
Frullania ternatensis Gottsche Cololejeunea gottschei (Steph.) Mizut.
Frullania trichodes Mitt. Cololejeunea gynophthalma Benedix
Cololejeunea haskarliana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph.
Herbertaceae Cololejeunea hinidumae Onr.
Herbertus ceylanicus (Steph.) H.A.Miller Cololejeunea inflata Steph.
Herbertus dicranus (Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Cololejeunea inflectens (Mitt.) Benedix
Trevis. Cololejeunea lanciloba Steph.
Herbertus ramosus (Steph.) H.A.Mill. Cololejeunea leonidens Benedix var. saccata Benedix
Cololejeunea longifolia (Mitt.) Benedix ex Mizut.
Jackiellaceae Cololejeunea metzgeriopsis (K.I.Goebel) Gradst., R.Wilson,
Jackiella ceylanica Schiffn. ex Steph. Ilkiu-Borges & J.Heinrichs
Jackiella javanica Schiffn. Cololejeunea minutissima (Sm.) Schiffn.
Cololejeunea obliqua (Nees & Mont.) Schiffn.
Jubulaceae Cololejeunea peraffinis (Schiffn.) Schiffn.
Jubula hutchinsiae (Hook.) Dumort. subsp. javanica Cololejeunea perakensis Tixier
(Steph.) Verdoorn Cololejeunea planissima (Mitt.) Abeyw.
Cololejeunea pluripunctata Benedix
Lejeuneaceae Cololejeunea pretiosa Benedix
Acanthocoleus gilvus (Gottsche) Kruijt Cololejeunea pseudofloccosa (Horik.) Benedix
Acrolejeunea emergens (Mitt.) Steph. Cololejeunea schmidtii Steph.
Acrolejeunea planiuscula (Mitt.) Steph. Cololejeunea serrata (Steph.) Benedix
Acrolejeunea pycnoclada (Taylor) Schiffn. Cololejeunea taprobanea Tixier
Caudalejeunea cristiloba (Steph.) Gradst. Cololejeunea tenella Benedix
190
Cololejeunea triapiculata (Herzog) Tixier Leptolejeunea massartiana Schiffn. ex Herzog
Cololejeunea trichomanis (Gottsche) Steph. subsp. Leptolejeunea rhombifolia Steph.
cordiflora (Steph.) Pócs Leptolejeunea vitrea (Nees) Schiffn.
Cololejeiunea vesicaria (Sande Lac.) Benedix Leucolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) A.Evans
Cololejeunea vidaliana Tixier Lopholejeunea applanata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Schiffn.
Colura acroloba (Mont. ex Steph.) Ast Lopholejeunea nigricans (Lindenb.) Steph.
Colura ari (Steph.) Steph. Lopholejeunea ceylanica Steph.
Colura brevistyla Herzog Lopholejeunea eulopha (Taylor) Schiffn.
Colura calyptrifolia (Hook.) Dumort. Lopholejeunea javanica (Nees) Schiffn.
Colura conica (Sande Lac) K.I.Goebel Lopholejeunea subfusca (Nees) Schiffn.
Colura corynephora (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Trevis. Lopholejeunea zollingeri (Steph.) Schiffn.
Colura greig-smithii Ast Mastigolejeunea auriculata (Wilson) Schiffn.
Colura javanica Steph. Mastigolejeunea humilis (Gottsche) Schiffn.
Colura meijeri Ast Mastigolejeunea humilis (Gottsche) Schiffn. var. ciliata
Colura ornata K.I.Goebel Awasthi & Udar
Colura tenuicornis (A.Evans) Steph. Mastigolejeunea repleta (Taylor) A.Evans
Colura verdoornii Herzog & Ast Mastigolejeunea virens (Ångstr.) Steph.
Diplasiolejeunea cavifolia Steph. Metalejeunea cucullata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Grolle
Diplasiolejeunea onraedtii Grolle Microlejeunea punctiformis (Taylor) Spruce
Diplasiolejeunea rudolphiana Steph. Ptychanthus striatus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Nees
Drepanolejeunea angustifolia (Mitt.) Grolle Pycnolejeunea grandiocellata Steph.
Drepanolejeunea fissicornua Steph. Schiffneriolejeunea polycarpa (Nees) Gradst.
Drepanolejeunea fleischeri (Steph.) Grolle & R.L.Zhu Schiffneriolejeunea pulopenangensis (Gottsche) Gradst.
Drepanolejeunea macrodonta (Mitt.) Steph. Schiffneriolejeunea tumida (Nees) Gradst.
Drepanolejeunea pentadactyla (Mont.) Steph. Schiffneriolejeunea tumida (Nees) Gradst. var.
Drepanolejeunea tenera K.I.Goebel hasskarliana (Gottsche) Gradst. & Terken
Drepanolejeunea ternatensis (Gottsche) Schiffn. Spruceanthus marianus (Gottsche) Mizut.
Drepanolejeunea teysmannii Steph. Spruceanthus semirepandus (Nees) Verd.
Drepanolejeunea thwaitesiana (Mitt.) Steph. Taxilejeunea compressiuscula Lindenb. ex Steph.
Drepanolejeunea thwaitesiana (Mitt.) Steph. var. zhengii Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb.
R.L.Zhu Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees)
Drepanolejeunea tricornua Herzog Lindenb.
Drepanolejeunea vesiculosa (Mitt.) Steph. Trocholejeunea infuscata (Mitt.) Verd.
Harpalejeunea filicuspis (Steph.) Mizut. Trocholejenea sandvicensis (Gottsche) Mizut.
Lejeunea anisophylla Mont. Xenolejeunea longiloba (Steph. ex G.Hoffm.) Kachroo &
Lejeunea apiculata Sande Lac R.M.Schust.
Lejeunea cocoes Mitt.
Lejeunea dipterota Eifrig Lepicoleaceae
Lejeunea discreta Lindenb. Lepicolea yakusimensis (S.Hatt.) S.Hatt.
Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees
Lejeunea flavida Mitt. Lepidoziaceae
Lejeunea herzogii Mizut. Bazzania callida (Steph.) Abeyw.
Lejeunea lowriana Steph. Bazzania ceylanica (Mitt.) W.E.Nicholson
Lejeunea micholitzii Mizut. Bazzania erosa (Nees) Trevis.
Lejeunea neelgherriana Gottsche Bazzania fleischeri (Steph.) Abeyw.
Lejeunea nietneri (Steph.) Steph Bazzania gaudichaudii (Gottsche ex Steph.) Schiffn.
Lejeunea obfusca Mitt. Bazzania japonica (Sande Lac.) Lindb.
Lejeunea obscura Mitt. Bazzania obtusa D.G.Long & Rubasinghe
Lejeunea papilionacea Steph. Bazzania oshimensis (Steph.) Horik.
Lejeunea riparia Mitt. Bazzania ovistipula (Steph.) Abeyw.
Lejeunea subacuta Mitt. Bazzania pearsonii Steph.
Lejeunea tuberculosa Steph. Bazzania praerupta (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Trevis.
Lejeunea utriculata (Steph.) Mizut. Bazzania rabenhorstii (Steph.) Abeyw.
Lejeunea wightii Lindenb. Bazzania spiralis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Meijer
Lepidolejeunea bidentula (J.B.Jack & Steph.) R.M.Schust. Bazzania tridens (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Trevis.
Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. Bazzania vittata (Gottsche) Trevis.
Leptolejeunea epiphylla (Mitt.) Steph. Hygrolembidium boschianum (Sande Lac.) R.M.Schust.
Leptolejeunea maculata (Mitt.) Schiffn. Lepidozia plumula Herz.
191
Lepidozia subintegra Lindenb. Pallaviciniaceae
Neolepidozia wallichiana (Gottsche) Fulford & J.Taylor Jensenia decipiens (Mitt.) Grolle
Telaranea major (Herz.) J.J.Engel & G.L.Merr. Pallavicinia indica Schiffn.
Tricholepidozia neesii (Lindenb.) E.D.Cooper Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Gray
Tricholepidozia semperiana (Steph.) E.D.Cooper
Plagiochilaceae
Lophocoleaceae Plagiochila arbuscula (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lindenb
Cryptolophocolea ciliolata (Nees) L.Söderstr., Crand.-Stotl., Plagiochila bantamensis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mont.
Stotler & Váňa Plagiochila ceylanica Mitt.
Cryptolophocolea fleischeri (Steph.) L.Söderstr. Plagiochila devexa Steph.
Heteroscyphus argutus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Schiffn. Plagiochila exigua (Taylor) Taylor
Heteroscyphus fleischeri (Steph.) D.G.Long & Rubasinghe Plagiochila flexuosa Mitt.
Heteroscyphus perfoliatus (Mont.) Schiffn. Plagiochila frondescens (Nees) Lindenb.
Heteroscyphus planus (Mitt.) Schiffn. Plagiochila ghatiensis Steph.
Heteroscyphus tener (Steph.) Schiffn. Plagiochila gracilis Lindenb. & Gottsche
Heteroscyphus tridentatus (Sande Lac.) Grolle Plagiochila gymnoclada Sande Lac.
Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort. sens.lat. Plagiochila integrilobula Inoue
Lophocolea javanica Schiffn. Plagiochila khasiana Mitt.
Lophocolea kurzii Sande Lac. Plagiochila kurzii Steph.
Lophocolea muricata (Lehm.) Nees Plagiochila microdonta Mitt.
Plagiochila parvifolia Lindenb.
Lophoziaceae s.str. Plagiochila peradenyensis Schiffn.
Andrewsianthus puniceus (Nees) R.M.Schust. ex Grolle Plagiochila renitens (Nees) Lindenb.
Plagiochila sciophila Nees ex Lindenb.
Lunulariaceae Plagiochila sisparensis Steph.
Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. Plagiochilion braunianum (Nees) S.Hatt.
Plagiochilion oppositum (Reinw., Blume & Nees) S.Hatt.
Marchantiaceae
Marchantia acaulis Steph. Pleuroziaceae
Marchantia emarginata Reinw., Blume & Nees subsp. Pleurozia acinosa (Mitt.) Steph.
emarginata Pleurozia gigantea (F.Weber) Lindb.
Marchantia paleacea Bertol. Pleurozia subinflata (Austin) Austin
Marchantia papillata Raddi subsp. grossibarba (Steph.)
Bischl. Porellaceae
Marchantia pappeana Lehm. subsp. robusta (Steph.) Porella acutifolia (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trevis.
Bischl. Porella caespitans Steph. subsp. latior (S.Hatt.) S.Hatt.
Marchantia polymorpha L. Porella caespitans (Steph.) S.Hatt. subsp. latior (S.Hatt.)
S.Hatt. var. intermedia (S.Hatt.) S.Hatt.
Mastigophoraceae Porella japonica (Sande Lac.) Mitt.
Mastigophora aequifolia Steph. Porella madgascariensis (Nees & Mont.) Trevis.
Mastigophora diclados (Brid. ex F.Weber) Nees Porella perottetiana (Mont.) Trevis.
Mesoptychiaceae Radulaceae
Liochlaena subulata (A. Evans) Schljakov Radula acuminata Steph.
Radula amentulosa Mitt.
Metzgeriaceae Radula assamica Steph.
Metzgeria ciliata Raddi Radula ceylanica K.Yamada
Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. Radula cordata Mitt.
Metzgeria consanguinea Schiffn. Radula formosa (Meissn.) Nees
Metzgeria crassipilis (Lindb.) A.Evans Radula javanica Gottsche
Metzgeria foliicola Schiffn. Radula kurzii Steph.
Metzgeria latifrons Steph. Radula madagascariensis Gottsche
Metzgeria lechleri Steph. Radula nymanii Steph.
Metzgeria leptoneura Spruce Radula obscura Mitt.
Radula onraedtii K.Yamada
Notoscyphaceae Radula retroflexa Taylor
Notoscyphus lutescens (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mitt. Radula sandei Steph.
Radula subpallens Steph.
Radula tabularis Steph.
192
Radula tjibodensis K.I.Goebel Bartramiaceae Schwägr.
Radula ventricosa Steph. Anacolia menziesii (Turner) Paris
Radula yangii K.Yamada Bartramia brevifolia Brid.
Bartramia leptodonta Wils.
Ricciaceae Bartramia subpellucida Mitt.
Riccia attenuata Pandé Breutelia dicranacea (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.
Riccia billardieri Mont. & Nees Fleischerobryum longicolle (Hampe) Loeske
Riccia crispatula Mitt. Philonotis angusta Mitt.
Riccia discolor Lehm. & Lindenb. Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad.
Riccia huebeneriana Lindenb. Philonotis lancifolia Mitt.
Riccia sorocarpa Bisch. Philonotis mollis (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt.
Philonotis roylei (Hook.f.) Mitt.
Scapaniaceae Philonotis secunda var. penzigii M.Fleisch.
Diplophyllum nanum Herzog Philonotis thwaitesii Mitt.
Scapania lepida Mitt. Philonotis turneriana (Schwägr.) Mitt.
193
Brachymenium walkeri Broth. Syrrhopodon tjibodensis M.Fleisch.
Bryum apiculatum Schwägr. Syrrhopodon trachyphyllus Mont.
Bryum argenteum Hedw. Syrrhopodon tristichus Nees ex Schwägr.
Bryum argenteum var. lanatum (P.Beauv.) Hampe
Bryum billardierei Schwägr. Cryphaeaceae Schimp.
Bryum capillare Hedw. Schoenobryum concavifolium (Griff.) Manuel
Bryum cognatum Mitt.
Bryum coronatum Schwägr. Daltoniaceae Schimp.
Bryum dichotomum Hedw. Actinodontium adscendens Schwägr.
Bryum euryphyllum Dixon & P.de la Varde Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll.Hal.) Bosch & Sande
Bryum gedeanum Bosch. & Sande Lac. Lac.
Bryum paradoxum Schwägr. Calyptrochaeta lucida (Thwaites & Mitt.) O’Shea
Bryum subapiculatum Hampe Daltonia angustifolia var. angustifolia Doz. & Molk.
Bryum thomsonii Mitt. Daltonia angustifolia var. strictifolia (Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Bryum wightii Mitt. Daltonia contorta Müll.Hal.
Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwägr.) Paris Daltonia flexifolia Mitt.
Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr Daltonia reticulata Müll.Hal.
194
Leucoloma herzogii Broth. Fissidens karwarensis Dixon
Leucoloma molle (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. Fissidens lateralis Broth.
Leucoloma nitens (Thwaites & Mitt.) A.Jaeger Fissidens macrosporoides Dixon & P.de la Varde
Leucoloma renauldii Broth. Fissidens macrosporus Dixon
Leucoloma taylorii (Schwägr.) Mitt. Fissidens minutus Thwaites & Mitt.
Leucoloma tenerum Mitt. Fissidens nanocarpus Müll.Hal.
Microcampylopus khasianus (Griff.) Giese & J.-P.Frahm Fissidens nobilis Griff.
Sphaerothecium reconditum Thwaites & Mitt Fissidens pellucidus var. pellucidus Hornsch
Fissidens plumula Thwaites & Mitt.
Ditrichaceae Limpr. Fissidens schmidii Müll.Hal.
Ceratodon purpureus ssp. stenocarpus (Müll.Hal.) Dixon Fissidens serratus Müll.Hal.
Ditrichum amoenum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Paris Fissidens socialis Müll.Hal.
Ditrichum difficile (Duby) M.Fleisch. Fissidens speluncae Broth.
Dicnemoloma mittenii (M.Fleisch.) Broth. Fissidens subobscurus Paris
Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Margad. & Nork. Fissidens thwaitesii Paris
Wilsoniella decipiens (Mitt.) Alston Fissidens virens Thwaites & Mitt.
Fissidens walkeri Broth.
Entodontaceae Kindb. Fissidens zollingeri Mont.
Entodon flavescens (Hook.) A.Jaeger
Entodon macropodus (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. Funariaceae Schwägr.
Erythrodontium julaceum (Schwägr.) Paris Entosthodon wichurae M.Fleisch.
Mesonodon flavescens (Hook.) W.R.Buck Funaria beccarii (Hampe) Paris
Funaria buseana (Dozy & Molk.) Broth.
Erpodiaceae Broth. Funaria hygrometrica var. calvescens (Schwägr.) Kindb.
Erpodium abbreviatum (Mitt.) I.G.Stone Funaria hygrometrica var. hygrometrica Hedw.
Erpodium biseriatum (Austin) Austin Funaria perrottetii (Mont.) Broth.
Erpodium glaucum (Wilson) I.G.Stone Funaria planifolia (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth.
Erpodium mangiferae Müll.Hal. Funaria submarginata (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Funaria subplanifolia Broth.
Fabroniaceae Schimp. Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn.
Fabronia beccarii Hampe Physcomitrium japonicum (Hedw.) Mitt.
Fabronia goughii Mitt.
Fabronia nietneri Müll.Hal. Glyphomitriaceae M.Z. Wang
Fabronia patentissima Müll.Hal. Glyphomitrium calycinum (Mitt.) Cardot
Fabronia secunda Mont. Glyphothecium sciuroides (Hook.) Hampe
195
Hylocomiaceae M.Fleisch. Pseudoleskeopsis zippelii (Dozy & Molk.) Broth.
Macrothamnium macrocarpum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Schwetschkea applanata (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth.
M.Fleisch. Leucobryaceae Schimp.
Macrothamnium pseudostriatum (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. Leucobryum aduncum Dozy & Molk.
Leucobryum aduncum var. scalare (Müll.Hal. ex M.Fleisch.)
Hypnaceae Schimp. A.Eddy
Ctenidium ceylanicum Cardot ex M.Fleisch. Leucobryum bowringii Mitt.
Ctenidium lychnites (Mitt.) Broth. Leucobryum candidum (P.Beauv.) Wilson
Bryocrumia vivicolor (Broth. & Dixon) W.R.Buck Leucobryum chlorophyllosum Müll.Hal
Ectropothecium andrei Cardot & P.de la Varde Leucobryum humillimum Cardot
Ectropothecium buitenzorgii (Bél.) Mitt. Leucobryum javense (Brid.) Mitt.
Ectropothecium chamissonis (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll.Hal.
Ectropothecium cyperoides (Hook.) A.Jaeger Leucobryum wightii Mitt.
Ectropothecium dealbatum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) A.Jaeger
Ectropothecium incubans (Reinw. & Hornsch.) A.Jaeger Leucodontaceae Schimp.
Ectropothecium laevigatum Thwaites & Mitt. Forsstroemia indica (Mont.) Paris
Ectropothecium leiophyllum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger
Ectropothecium stereodontoides (Dixon) Wijk & Margad. Leucomiaceae Broth.
Ectropothecium zollingeri (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger Leucomium strumosum (Hornsch.) Mitt.
Elmeriobryum philippinense Broth.
Hypnum cupressiforme var. cupressiforme Hedw. Meteoriaceae Kindb.
Hypnum lacunosum (Brid.) G.H.Hoffman ex Brid. Aerobryum speciosum Dozy & Molk.
Hypnum plumaeforme Wilson Aerobryum willisii M.Fleisch.
Isopterygium albescens (Hook.) A.Jaeger Pilotrichella phyllogonioides A.Jaeger
Isopterygium distichaceum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger Aerobryidium aureo-nitens (Schwägr.) Broth.
Isopterygium fallax M.Fleisch. Aerobryidium filamentosum (Hook.) M.Fleisch.
Isopterygium lignicola (Mitt.) A.Jaeger Aerobryopsis cochlearifolia Dixon
Isopterygium minutirameum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger Aerobryopsis longissima (Dozy & Molk.) M.Fleisch.
Isopterygium minutirameum var. tonkinense Besch. Aerobryopsis membranacea (Mitt.) Broth.
Isopterygium pohliaecarpum (Sull. & Lesq.) A.Jaeger Barbella convolvens (Mitt.) Broth.
Isopterygium textorii (Sande Lac.) A.Jaeger Barbella flagellifera (Cardot) Nog.
Microctenidium leveilleanum (Dozy & Molk.) M.Fleisch. Barbella pendula (Sull.) M.Fleisch.
Taxiphyllum isopterygioides (Dixon) W.R.Buck Barbella rufifolia (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth.
Taxiphyllum subretusum (Thwaites & Mitt.) O’Shea Barbella spiculata (Mitt.) Broth.
Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. Barbella tenax (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Vesicularia caloblasta Broth. & Dixon Barbellopsis trichophora (Mont.) W.R.Buck
Vesicularia dubyana (Müll.Hal.) Broth. Chrysocladium retrorsum (Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Vesicularia succosa (Mitt.) Broth. Cryptopapillaria chrysoclada (Müll.Hal.) M.Menzel
Vesicularia vesicularis var. vesicularis (Schwägr.) Broth. Cryptopapillaria feae (M.Fleisch.) M.Menzel
Cryptopapillaria fuscescens (Hook.) M.Menzel
Hypnodendraceae Broth. Diaphanodon blandus (Harv.) Renauld & Cardot
Hypnodendron dendroides (Brid.) Touw Floribundaria floribunda (Dozy & Molk.) M.Fleisch.
Hypnodendron subspininervium ssp. arborescens (Mitt.) Floribundaria walkeri (Renauld & Cardot) Broth.
Touw Meteoriopsis reclinata (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch.
Meteoriopsis squarrosa (Hook.) M.Fleisch.
Hypopterygiaceae Mitt. Meteorium buchananii var. buchananii (Brid.) Broth.
Hypopterygium apiculatum Thwaites & Mitt. Meteorium buchananii var. helminthocladulum (Cardot)
Hypopterygium tamarisci (Sw. ex) Sw.) Brid. ex Müll.Hal. Nog.
Cyathophorella sublimbata (Thwaites & Mitt.) M.Fleisch. Meteorium polytrichum Dozy & Molk.
Papillaria crocea (Hampe) A.Jaeger
Lembophyllaceae Broth. Papillaria flexicaulis (Wilson) A.Jaeger
Neobarbella comes var. comes (Griff.) Nog. Papillaria semitorta (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Neobarbella comes var. pilifera (Broth. & M.Yasuda in Pseudobarbella attenuata (Thwaites & Mitt.) Nog.
Broth.) B.C.Tan, S.He & Isov. Trachycladiella aurea (Mitt.) Menzel
Trachycladiella sparsa (Mitt.) Menzel
Leptostomataceae Schwägr.
Leptostomum erectum R.Br. Mniaceae Schwägr.
Leskeaceae Schimp. Epipterygium tozeri (Grev.) Lindb
196
Orthomnion bryoides (Griff.) Nork. Macromitrium nigricans Mitt.
Orthomnion dilatatum (Mitt.) P.C.Chen Macromitrium orthostichum ssp. seminudum (Thwaites &
Plagiomnium integrum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) T.J.Kop. Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Plagiomnium maximoviczii (Lindb.) T.J.Kop. Macromitrium pseudoramentosum Herzog
Plagiomnium rhynchophorum (Hook.) T.J.Kop. Macromitrium reinwardtii Schwägr.
Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) T.J.Kop. Macromitrium schmidii Müll.Hal.
Plagiomnium succulentum (Mitt.) T.J.Kop. Macromitrium semipellucidum Dozy & Molk.
Pohlia flexuosa Hook. Macromitrium sulcatum ssp. ceylanicum (Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Pohlia wahlenbergii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) A.L. Andrews Macromitrium sulcatum ssp. ramentosum (Thwaites &
Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Myuriaceae M.Fleisch. Macromitrium sulcatum var. neelgheriense (Müll.Hal.)
Myurium rufescens (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M.Fleisch. Müll.Hal.
Macromitrium sulcatum var. sulcatum (Hook.) Brid.
Neckeraceae Schimp. Macromitrium sulcatum var. torulosum (Mitt.) Tixier
Dixonia thamnioides (Broth. & Dixon) Horik. & Ando Macromitrium zollingeri Mitt. ex Bosch & Sande Lac.
Himantocladium cyclophyllum (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. Schlotheimia grevilleana Mitt.
Homaliodendron exiguum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M.Fleisch. Zygodon humilis Thwaites & Mitt.
Homaliodendron flabellatum (Sm.) M.Fleisch. Zygodon intermedius Bruch, Schimp. & W.Guembel
Homaliodendron javanicum (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. Zygodon reinwardtii (Hornsch.) A.Braun
Homaliodendron ligulaefolium (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. Zygodon tetragonostomus A.Braun
Homaliodendron paquei (Renauld & Cardot) Broth.
Neckera himalayana Mitt. Phyllodrepaniaceae Crosby.
Neckeropsis andamana (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. Mniomalia semilimbata (Mitt.) Müll.Hal.
Neckeropsis calcutensis (M.Fleisch.) Enroth
Neckeropsis crinita (Griff.) M.Fleisch. Pilotrichaceae Kindb.
Neckeropsis lepineana (Mont.) M.Fleisch. Callicostella papillata var. papillata (Mont.) Mitt.
Pinnatella alopecuroides (Hook.) M.Fleisch. Callicostella papillata var. prabaktiana (Müll.Hal.) Streim.
Pinnatella anacamptolepis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. Cyclodictyon blumeanum (Müll.Hal.) Kuntze
Pinnatella calcutensis M.Fleisch. Lepidopilidium furcatum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth.
Pinnatella foreauana Thér. & P.delaVarde Thamniopsis secunda (Griff.) W.R.Buck
Pinnatella mucronata (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M.Fleisch. Thamniopsis utacamundiana (Mont.) W.R.Buck
Thamnobryum ceylonense (M.Fleisch.) Enroth
Thamnobryum subserratum (Hook.) Nog. & Z.Iwats. Plagiotheciaceae (Broth.) M.Fleisch.
Plagiothecium ceylonense Broth. ex Dixon
Orthodontiaceae Goffinet. Plagiothecium subglaucum Thwaites & Mitt.
Orthodontium infractum Dozy & Molk.
Polytrichaceae Schwägr.
Orthorrhynchiaceae S.H.Lin. Atrichum henryi (E.S.Salmon) E.B.Bartram
Orthorrhynchium elegans ssp. nietneri (Müll.Hal.) S.H.Lin Atrichum pallidum Renauld & Cardot
Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv.
Orthotrichaceae Arn. Pogonatum cirratum ssp. cirratum (Sw.) Brid.
Bryomaltaea obtusifolia (Hook.) Goffinet Pogonatum marginatum Mitt.
Groutiella goniorrhyncha (Dozy & Molk.) Wijk & Margad. Pogonatum microstomum (Schwägr.) Brid.
Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. Pogonatum neesii (Müll.Hal.) Dozy
Macrocoma tenuis ssp. sullivantii (Müll.Hal.) Vitt Pogonatum nudiusculum Mitt.
Macromitrium angulosum Thwaites & Mitt. Pogonatum patulum (Harv.) Mitt.
Macromitrium binsteadii Dixon Pogonatum proliferum (Griff.) Mitt.
Macromitrium contortum Thwaites & Mitt. Pogonatum subtortile (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Macromitrium ellipticum Hampe Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P.Beauv.
Macromitrium fasciculare Mitt.
Macromitrium fulvum Mitt. Pottiaceae Schimp.
Macromitrium incurvifolium (Hook. & Grev.) Schwägr. Anoectangium aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt.
Macromitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk. Anoectangium clarum Mitt.
Macromitrium mauritianum Schwägr. Anoectangium hymenodontoides (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Macromitrium maxwellii Cardot & Dixon, nom. nud. Anoectangium stracheyanum Mitt.
Macromitrium minutum Mitt. Astomum abbreviatum (Thwaites & Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Macromitrium nepalense (Hook. & Grev.) Schwägr. Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. in Steud.
Macromitrium nietneri Müll.Hal. Barbula inflexa (Duby) Müll.Hal.
197
Barbula javanica Dozy & Molk. Rhizogoniaceae Broth.
Barbula macassarensis M.Fleisch. Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt.
Barbula michiganensis Steere
Barbula pseudoehrenbergii M.Fleisch. Sematophyllaceae Broth.
Barbula tenuirostris Brid. Acroporium ceylonense Dixon
Gymnostomiella vernicosa var. tenerum (Müll.Hal. ex Acroporium consanguineum (Broth.) M.Fleisch.
Dusen) Arts Acroporium gracilescens (Herz.) Broth.
Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger Acroporium hermaphroditum (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch.
Hyophila spathulata (Harv.) A.Jaeger Acroporium lamprophyllum Mitt.
Pseudosymblepharis bombayensis (Müll.Hal.) P.Sollman Acroporium nietnerianum (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jenn. Acroporium rufum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M.Fleisch.
Trichostomum brachydontium var. brachydontium Bruch Acroporium secundum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Flesich.
Trichostomum hyalinoblastum (Broth.) Broth. Acroporium sigmatodontium (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch.
Trichostomum tenuirostre var. tenuirostre (Hook. & Taylor) Acroporium stramineum var. hamulatum (M.Fleisch.)
Lindb. B.C.Tan
Weissia controversa var. controversa Hedw. Acroporium stramineum var. stramineum (Reinw. &
Weissia edentula Mitt. Hornsch.) M.Fleisch.
Acroporium stramineum var. turgidum (Mitt.) B.C.Tan
Pterigynandraceae Schimp. Chionostomum rostratum (Griff.) Müll.Hal.
Trachyphyllum inflexum (Harv.) A.Gepp in Hiern Clastobryum barbelloides Dixon & P.de la Varde
Clastobryum cuculligerum (Sande Lac.) Tixier
Pterobryaceae Kindb. Clastobryum epiphyllum (Renauld & Cardot) B.C.Tan &
Calyptothecium compressum Nog. Touw
Calyptothecium urvilleanum (Müll.Hal.) Broth. Clastobryum oligonema Cardot & P.de la Varde
Calyptothecium wightii (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. Clastobryum patentifolium Dixon & P.de la Varde
Endotrichella laevifolia (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth. Clastobryum scalare (A.Braun ex Müll.Hal.) Tixier
Pterobryopsis acuminata (Hook.) M.Fleisch. Clastobryophilum bogoricum (Bosch & Sande Lac.)
Pterobryopsis aurantia (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. M.Fleisch.
Pterobryopsis crassicaulis (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. Clastobryopsis robusta (Broth.) M.Fleisch.
Pterobryopsis flexipes (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. Gammiella ceylonensis (Broth. in Herzog) B.C.Tan &
Pterobryopsis frondosa (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. W.R.Buck
Pterobryopsis scabriuscula (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. Gammiella koningsbergeri (Fleisch.) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia
Pterobryopsis schmidii (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. Hageniella micans (Mitt.) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia
Pterobryopsis tumida (Hook.) Cardot & Dixon Isocladiella surcularis (Dixon) B.C.Tan & Mohamed
Symphysodontella involuta (Thwaites & Mitt.) M.Fleisch. Macrohymenium acidodon (Mont.) Dozy & Molk.
Garovaglia powellii var. densifolia (Mitt.) During Macrohymenium nietneri (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Trachyloma indicum Mitt. Macrohymenium rufum Müll.Hal.
Macrohymenium strictum Bosch & Sande Lac.
Pylaisiadelphaceae Goffinet & W.R.Buck. Meiothecium bogoriense M.Fleisch.
Pylaisiadelpha capillacea (Griff.) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia Meiothecium hamatum (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Taxithelium binsteadii Broth. & Dixon Meiothecium jagorii (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Taxithelium nepalense (Schwägr.) Broth. Meiothecium microcarpum (Hook.) Mitt.
Taxithelium planissimum Broth. in Herzog Meiothecium microcarpum var. lineolatum (Duby)
Taxithelium vernieri (Duby) Besch. M.Fleisch.
Meiothecium prunicolum Tixier
Racopilaceae Kindb. Papillidiopsis ramulina (Thwaites & Mitt.) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia
Racopilum orthocarpum Wilson ex Mitt. Papillidiopsis stissophylla (Hampe) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia
Racopilum schmidii (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. Pseudohypnella verrucosa (Dozy & Molk.) M.Fleisch.
Radulina borbonica (Bél.) W.R.Buck
Regmatodontaceae Broth. Radulina hamata (Dozy & Molk.) W.R.Buck & B.C.Tan
Regmatodon declinatus (Hook.) Brid. Rhaphidostichum cucullifolium (Cardot & Dixon) Broth.
Regmatodon orthostegius Mont. Rhaphidostichum replicatum (Hampe) M.Fleisch.
Sematophyllum capilliferum Thwaites & Mitt.
Rhabdoweisiaceae Limpr. Sematophyllum ceylonense (Hampe) Broth.
Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) Bruch, Schimp. & W.Guembel Sematophyllum demissum (Wilson) Mitt.
Sematophyllum falcatulum var. subfalcatulum Broth.
Rhachitheciaceae H.Rob. Sematophyllum frullaniadelphus (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Rhachithecium perpusillum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth. Sematophyllum homomallum (Hampe) Broth.
198
Sematophyllum humile (Mitt.) Broth. Thuidium cymbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
Sematophyllum phoeniceum (Müll. Hal.) M.Fleisch Thuidium pristocalyx var. pristocalyx (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Sematophyllum pilotrichelloides Cardot & Dixon
Sematophyllum scabriusculum (Broth.) Broth. Trachypodaceae M.Fleisch.
Sematophyllum subhumile (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. Trachypodopsis auriculata (Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E.Britton Trachypodopsis serrulata var. crispatula (Hook.) Zanten
Trichosteleum boschii (Dozy & Molk.) A.Jaeger Trachypodopsis serrulata var. guilbertii (Thér. & P.de la
Trichosteleum hamatum var. robustum Broth. in Herzog, Varde) Zanten
nom. nud. Trachypus bicolor var. bicolor Reinw. & Hornsch.
Trichosteleum monostictum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth. Trachypus bicolor var. hispidus (Müll.Hal.) Cardot
Trichosteleum pseudomammosum M.Fleisch. Trachypus bicolor var. viridulus (Mitt.) Zanten
Trichosteleum ramulinum var. pendulum Broth. Trachypus humilis var. humilis Lindb.
Trichosteleum ruficaule (Thwaites & Mitt.) B.C.Tan Trachypus humilis var. tenerrimus (Broth. ex Herzog)
Warburgiella falcatula (Broth.) Broth. Zanten
Warburgiella filicuspis (Broth.) Broth.
Warburgiella leptocarpa (Schwägr.) M.Fleisch. Hornworts (Phylum Anthocerotophyta)
Warburgiella leptorrhynchoides (Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Warburgiella subleptorrhynchoides (M.Fleisch.) M.Fleisch. Anthocerotaceae Dumort.
Wijkia ceylonensis (Broth. & Dixon in Dixon) H.A.Crum Anthoceros agrestis Paton
Wijkia surcularis (Mitt.) H.A.Crum Anthoceros erectus Kashyap
Folioceros amboinensis (Schiffn.) Piippo
Sphagnaceae Dumort. Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.
Sphagnum ceylonicum Mitt. ex Warnst.
Dendrocerotaceae J.Haseg.
Splachnaceae Grev. & Arn. Dendroceros borbonicus Steph.
Tayloria indica Mitt. Megaceros flagellaris (Mitt.) Steph.
Tayloria subglabra (Griff.) Mitt.
Notothyladaceae Müll. Frib. ex Prosk.
Splachnobryaceae A.K.Kop. Notothylas javanica (Sande Lac.) Gottsche
Splachnobryum oorschotii (Sande Lac.) Müll.Hal
Symphyodontaceae M.Fleisch.
Chaetomitrium confertum Thwaites & Mitt.
Chaetomitrium horridulum Bosch & Sande Lac.
Chaetomitrium orthorrhynchum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch &
Sande Lac.
Chaetomitrium papillifolium Bosch & Sande Lac.
Chaetomitrium volutum Mitt.
Symphyodon echinatus (Mitt.) A.Jaeger
Symphyodon erraticus (Mitt.) A.Jaeger
Symphyodon perrottetii Mont.
Trachythecium tuberculatum (Mitt.) M.Fleisch.
Thuidiaceae Schimp.
Aequatoriella bifaria (Bosch & Sande Lac.) Touw
Anomodon pseudotristis (Müll.Hal.) Kindb.
Claopodium prionophyllum (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Cardot
Indothuidium kiasense (R.S.Williams) Touw
Pelekium gratum (P.Beauv.) Touw
Pelekium investe (Mitt.) Touw
Pelekium velatum Mitt.
Pelekium versicolor (Müll.Hal.) Touw
199
Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Gray
Phylum Marchantiophyta
Family: Pallaviciniaceae
A simple thalloid liverwort commonly found growing
on wet shady habitats. Thalli are dark green colour and
remarkably translucent, just one cell thick except at the
midrib.
Recorded from: Kadugannawa, Riverston, Horton Plains,
Kithulgala, Suriyakanda, Hiniduma, Kanneliya, Sinharaja FR
200
References
Long, D. G. & Rubasinghe, S. C. K. (2014). Liverworts Ruklani, N. C. S., Rubasinghe, S. C. K. & Villarreal,
and Hornworts of Sri Lanka: a revised checklist. J. C. (2016). Two New Records of Sri Lankan
Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 43(1): 1 – 36. Hornworts, Notothylas javanica (Notothyladaceae)
and Megaceros flagellaris (Dendrocerotaceae).
O’shea B. J. 2002: Checklist of the mosses of Sri Lanka. Cryptogamie Bryologie 37(4): 435 – 444.
The Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 92:
125–164. Samarakkody, S. P., Ruklani, N. C. S. & Rubasinghe, S.
C. K. (2018). Three new species records of leafy
Ruklani N. C. S. & Rubasinghe S. C. K. 2013: A liverworts (Marchantiophyta, Jungermannidae) to
preliminary survey of bryophytes in the central Sri Lanka. Lindbergia 41(1): 1 – 5.
province of Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science
(Bio.Sci) 42(1): 67–72.
201
A Provisional List of Microalgae in Sri Lanka
M.M. Pathmalal
Microalgae include Qyanobacteria, green, brown and red In Sri Lankan context, there were 48 species of planktonic
algae. There are more varieties of microalgae and they green algae belonging to 24 genera was recorded and the
are range from unicellular to multicellular algae which cyanobacteria represented by 43 taxa belonging to 24
may grow up to 50 m in length. Microalgae have naked genera, diatoms represents by 17 taxa belonging to 13
reproductive structures, photoautotrophic, and not genera, the Euglenophytes, nine species belong to four
classified as plants. Algae commonly grow in any habitat genera have been recorded diano flagellates represent by
where water or moisture is found. They often live in five taxa belonging to three genera and the other three
association with other organisms forming microbial mats, groups of plankctonic algae (Chrysophycea, Cryptophyceae
biofilms and benthic communities and such associations and Xanthophyceae) are of minor importance to the
are the predominant and sometimes the only life forms species assemblage of phytoplankton in Sri Lanka.
found in certain extreme habitats.
202
Cosmarium contractum West & West (Kirchner, 1878) Stephanodiscus neoastrea Hakanson & Hicke (Håkansson
Cosmarium depressum (Näg.) Lund. (Lundell, 1871) and Hickel, 1986)
Euastrum denticulatum (Kirchner) Gay. (Gay, 1884) Stephanodiscus rotula (Ross and Sims, 1978)
Glenodinium sp. (Stein, 1883) Surirella sp (Brébisson, 1838)
Gymnodium berrimum (Chatton, 1912) Synedra sp. (Ehrenberg, 1830)
Gymnodium fuscum (Stein, 1878) Tabellaria sp. (Kützing, 1844)
Gymnodium hyalinum (Schilling, 1891) Teballaria fenestrate (Kützing, 1844)
Gymnodium versum (Chatton, 1912) Teballaria flocculosa (Kützing, 1844)
Hyalotheca dissiliens Bréb. (Ralfs, 1848) Urosolenia dentriculata Rott, (Kling et al., 1990)
Micrasterias foliacea Bail. (Ralfs, 1848)
Micrasterias mahabuleshwarensis Hobs. (Hobson, 1863) Euglenaceae
Mougeotia sp. (Agardh, 1824) Euglena acus Ehrenberg (Ehrenberg, 1830)
Penium spirostrialatum Bark. (Ralfs, 1848) Euglena pisciformis Klebs ( Klebs, 1883)
Peridinium cinctum (Ehrenberg, 1832) Lepocinclis ovum (Ehrenberg) Lemm. (Lemmermann,
Peridinium lomnicki (Ehrenberg, 1830) 1901)
Peridinium palatimum (Lauterborn, 1896) Phacus sp. (Pochmann, 1942)
Peridinium polonicum (Lauterborn, 1896) Phacus aenigmaticus (Drezepolski, 1922)
Peridinium polonicum (Lemmermann, 1901) Phacus caudatus (Hübner, 1886)
Peridinium pusillum (Woloszynska, 1912) Phacus longicauda (Dujardin, 1841)
Peridinium raciborskii (Lemmermann, 1900) Phacus marcrostigma
Peridiniumaciculiferum (De Bary, 1858) Trachelomonas armata (Ehrenberg)Stein (Stein, 1878)
Pleurotaenium ehrenbergi Menegh. -Starm (Nägeli, 1849) Trachelomonas hispida (Perty) Steinem. Defl. (Stein, 1878)
Pleurotaenium sp. (Nägeli, 1849) Trachelomonas verrucosa Stokes (Stokes, 1887)
Pleurotaenium trabecula Näg. (Nägeli, 1849) Trachelomonas volvocina Ehrenberg (Ehrenberg, 1834)
Spirotaenium condensata Bréb. (Ralfs, 1848) Trachelomonas volvocinopsis Swirenko (Svirenko, 1914)
Staurastrum bifidum Ralfs (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastrum bigibbum Skuja (Skuja, 1949) Chlorophyceae (Greens)
Staurastrum brachioprominens Börgesen (Børgesen, Ankistrodesmus bernardi Komárek (Komárek, 1983)
1891) Ankistrodesmus sp. (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastrum brevispina (Brebisson) (Ralfs, 1848) Asterococcus superbus (Cienkowski) (Scherffel, 1908)
Staurodesmus spetsbergensis (Nordst.) Teiling (Teiling, Bambusina brebissonii (Nordstedt) (Wolle, 1884)
1967) Botryococcus braunii Kützing ( Kützing, 1849)
Xanthidium spinosum (Josh.) West & West (White, 1842) Chlamydocapsa planctonica (West and G.S.West) (Fott,
1972)
Cryptophyceae Chlamydomonas sp. (Ehrenberg, 1833)
Cryptomonas rostratiformis Skuja (Huber-Pestalozzi, 1950) Chodatella ciliate (Chodat 1895)
Rhodomonas lacustris Pascher & Ruttner (Pascher, 1913) Chrysococcus minutus (Nygaard, 1932)
Rhodomonas minuta Skuja (Skuja, 1948) Coelastrum astroideum De Notaris (Notaris, 1867)
Coelastrum cambricum (Playfair, 1917)
Bacillariophyceae Coelastrum indicum Turner (Turner, 1892)
Asterionella formosa (Hassall, 1850) Coelastrum polychordum (Kors.) Hindak (Hindák, 1977)
Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) (Simonsen, 1979) Coelastrum pulchrum Schmidle (Komárek, 1983)
Cyclotella comta (Ehrenb.) Kütz (Kützing, 1849) Coelastrum reticulatum (Dangeard) Senn (Compère, 1970)
Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing (Kützing, 1844) Coenococcus fotti Hindak (Hindák, 1977)
Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hust. (Hustedt, 1939) Crucigeniella saguei Komárek (Komárek, 1975)
Cymbella minutissima Kütz (Cleve, 1894) Dicellula geminate Choadt.
Fragilaria acus Kütz (Krammer and Lange-Bertalot, 2000) Dictyosphaerium pulchellum H.C.Wood (Bachmann, 1933)
Fragilaria construens (Grunow, 1862) Dictyosphaerium tetrachotomum Printz (Komárek, 1983)
Fragilaria crotonensis Clacus-vulcani (Lange-Bertalot and Dimorphococcus lunatus A.Braun (Braun, 1855)
Ulrich, 2014) Eudorina elegans (Ehrenberg, 1832)
Gyrosigma sp. (Rabenhorst, 1853) Frabceia armarta Lemm (Nygaard, 1945)
Melosira ambigua (Rrobusta Gasse, 1980) Franceia ovalis (Lemmermann, 1898)
Melosira granulate (Pritchard, 1861) Golenkinia radiata Chod. (Chodat, 1894)
Navicula sp (Kützing, 1844) Hyalotheca dissilient (Ralfs, 1848)
Nitzchia acicularis (Smith, 1853) Kirchneriella dianae (Bohlin) Comas ( Comas, 1980)
Pinnularia sp. (Ehrenberg, 1843) Kirchneriella sp. (Chmidle, 1893)
Rhizosolenia eriensis HL Smith (Smith, 1872) Koliella sp. (Hindák, F. 1963)
Stephanodiscus hantzschii (Cleve and Grunow, 1880) Monoraphidium sp. (Komárková-Legnerová, 1969)
203
Kirchneriella microscopica (Nygaard, 1945) Tetraedron incus (Teiling) (Smith, 1926)
Lagerheimia citriformis (Snow) Coll. (Tiffany and Ahlstrom, Tetraedron minimum A.Braun (Hansgirg, 1888)
1931) Tetraedron ntrigonum (Hansgirg, 1888)
Micractinium pusillum (G.M.Smith, 1918) Tetraedron triangulare Kors. (Korshikov, 1953)
Monoraphidium contortum ( Komárková-Legnerová in Tetrastrum heteracanthum Chod. (Chodat, 1895)
Fott, 1969) Tetrastrum staurogeniaeforme Lemm (Lemmermann,
Monoraphidium irregularis Smith ( Komárková-Legnerová, 1900)
1969) Treubaria triappendiculata Bernard (Bernard, 1908)
Monoraphidium minutum Komarkova Legnerova Volvox globator ( Linnaeus, 1758)
(Komárková-Legnerová, 1969)
Monoraphidium caribeum Hindak (Hindák, 1970) Xanthophyceae
Nephrocytium limneticum (Smith, G.M., 1933) Centritractus belenophorus Lemm. (Lemmermann, 1900)
Nephrocytium schilleri Comas (González, 1980) Goniochloris contorta (Bourrelly) Ettl (Ettl, 1977)
Oocystis lacustris (Chodat, 1897) Goniochloris sp. (Pascher, 1938)
Oocystis marssoni Lemm. (Lemmermann, 1898) Isthmochloron gracile (Reinsch) Skuja (Skuja, 1949)
Oocystis parva W.& G.S.West (West and West, G.S., 1898) Isthmochloron lobulatum (Naegeli) Skuja (Skuja, 1948)
Oocystis solitaria (West and West, G.S., 1894) Pseudostaurastrum sp. (Chodat, 1921)
Pandorina morum (Bory and Deslongschamps, 1827)
Pediastrum biradiatum (Tsarenko, 2011)
Pediastrum boryanum (Meneghini, 1840)
Pediastrum duplex Meyen (Raciborski, 1889)
Pediastrum simplex Meyen (Kant and Gupta, P., 1998)
Pediastrum simplex var. biwaense Fucush. Kant and
Gupta, P., 1998
Pediastrum tetras Ralfs (Ralfs, 1845)
Pleurotaenium ehrenbergii (Willi Krieger, 1937)
Pleurotaenium trabecular (Nägeli, 1849)
Pseudosphaerocystis lacustris (Nováková, 1965)
Pteromonas aculeata Lemmermann (Lemmermann, 1900)
Quadricoccus verrucosus Fott (Fott, 1948)
Scenedesmus brasiliensis Bohl. (West and West, 1942)
Scenedesmus ellipticus Corda (Corda, 1835)
Scenedesmus javanensis Chodat (Chodat, 1926)
Scenedesmus obtusus Meyen (Meyen, 1829)
Scenedesmus opoliensis Richte (Richter, 1895)
Scenedesmus perforatus Lemm. (Lemmermann, 1910)
Scenedesmus polyglobus Hortob.
Scenedesmus spinosus Chodat (Chodat, 1926)
Scenedesmus tropicus Crow (Crow, 1923)
Selenodictyum brasiliense Uherk. & Schmidt
Sorastrum americanum (Bohlin) Schmidle (Smith, 1918)
Sphaerocystis schroeteri (Chodat, 1897)
Staurastum brachiatum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum dilatatum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum lunatum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum lunatum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum manfeldti (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum muticum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum paradoxum Ralfs, 1848
Staurastum paradoxum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum pilosum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum tetracerum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum trianularis (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum uniseriatum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurastum vestitum (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurodesmus dejectus (Ralfs, 1848)
Staurodesmus extensus (Ralfs, 1848)
Stichococcus bacillaria (Nägeli, 1849)
204
Anabaena sp.
Cyanophyceae
Anabaena are heterocyst-forming, photoautotrophic
cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic
photosynthesis. Anabaena grow in long filaments of
vegetative cells and this genera has been recorded
in Sri Lankan water bodies, especially during the dry
periods. Anabaena species have potential to produce
toxins (anatoxin and microcystins) under extreme
environmental conditions
Chroococcus sp.
Cyanophyceae
This species belongs to cyanophyceae and very common
in Sri Lankan water bodies. They are non-toxigenic
cyanobacteria. Chroococcus is usually found as colonies
of two, four, or eight cells with a transparent protective
covering sheath containing photosynthetic pigments.
These species use an extensive quantity of atmospheric
carbon for photosynthetic processes, creating free oxygen
in the atmosphere.
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii
Cyanophyceae
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, a toxin producing tropical
cyanobacterium, recently recorded at high abundances in
lentic waters. This species is highly adaptive and exhibit
different morphotypes: straight, coiled and sigmoid-
shaped trichomes under different environmental
conditions. Distribution and abundance of the species
is mainly depending on the environmental factors. They
have potential to produce cylindrospermopsin (CYN).
Pediastrum sp.
Chlorophyceae
Identified as filter clogging algae in reservoirs in Sri
Lanka. Pediastrum colonies are disk-shaped and are
characterized by peripheral hornlike projections. The
number of cells per colony varies (2–128) depending on
the species.
205
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209
A Provisional list of Marine Algae/Seaweeds in Sri Lanka
Rasanga Gunasekera
Seaweeds are photosynthetic macroalgae, which occur At present, 139 seaweeds are correctly identified and they
in the intertidal zone as well as above (in the spray zone) are listed below (Table : 12). That survey was conducted
and under it (in the subtidal, on submerged reefs and rock on the Southwestern part in the Sri Lanka by Coppejans et
boulders) in marine environment. They are classified into al., 2009.
three divisions by considering the dominant pigments
available in them Chlorophyta/Green (Chlorophyl), Economic important of seaweeds: Various seaweed
Pheaophyta/Brown (xanthophylls) and Rodophyta /Red species are used for extracting expensive chemicals such as
(phycoerythrin and phycocyanin). carrageen, agar and used them as a food source enrich with
vitamins and other nutrients. Pharmaceutical industries
Their growth depends on the season and the surfing use for preparation drugs.
patterns of the waves. Some of them grow as the
monospecific vegetation and the most tufts of different Threats on them;
species are mixed or contiguous, or different genera/ i) Climate change.
species can really be intricate. Mid and low intertidal rock
pools generally contain a rich, continuously submerged ii) Release litter without proper management
seaweed flora which is different from the air-exposed into seashore as a result of urbanization.
substratum at low tide.
iii) Frequent freshwater discharges with silty
particles.
These seaweed beds can be found in Gulf of Mannar,
Puttalam bay, Kallpitiya, Beruwalla, Hikkaduwa, Galle, iv) Boat mooring and discharge unburned fuel
Unawatuna, Talpe, Koggala, coral flat form at Ahangama, and oil.
Midigama, Polhena, Dikkwella, Hambantota, Arugambe,
Chillaw, Passikudda and Jaffna peninsula of Sri Lanka.
210
Cladophora vagabunda (Linnaeus) van den Hoek Ralfsiaceae
Rhizoclonium africanum Kützing Ralfsia ceylanica Harvey ex Barton
Codiaceae Sargassaceae
Codium arabicum Kützing Sargassum crassifolium J.Agardh
Codium geppiorum O.C.Schmidt Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh
Sargassum turbinatifolium Tseng et Lu
Halimedaceae Sargassum sp.
Halimeda discoidea Decaisne Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J.Agardh
*Halimeda gracilis Harvey ex J.Agardh Turbinaria ornata f. evesiculosa (Barton) W.R.Taylor
Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux Turbinaria sp.
Siphonocladaceae Scytosiphonaceae
*Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) J.Feldmann Chnoospora minima (Hering) Papenfuss
Boodlea composita (Harvey) Brand Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès et Solier
Cladophoropsis sundanensis Reinbold
Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskål) Børgesen Scytothamnaceae
Dictyosphaeria versluysii Weber-van Bosse Asteronema breviarticulata (J.Agardh) Ouriques et Bouzon
Udoteaceae Sphacelariaceae
Avrainvillea amadelpha (Montagne) A.Gepp et E.Gepp Sphacelaria novae-hollandiae Sonder
Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A.Gepp et E.Gepp
*Chlorodesmis caespitosa J.Agardh
Rhipidosiphon javensis Montagne Rhodophyta (Red algae)
Class: Bangiophyceae
Ulvaceae
Ulva compressa L. Bangiaceae
Ulva fasciata Delile Porphyra suborbiculata Kjellman
Ulva intestinalis L.
Ulva lactuca L. Class: Florideophyceae
Ulva pertusa Kjellman
Ulva prolifera O.F.Müller Bonnemaisoniaceae
Ulva reticulata Forsskål Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan
Ulva rigida C.Agardh
Callithamniaceae
Valoniaceae *Euptilota fergusonii Cotton
*Valonia fastigiata Harvey ex J.Agardh
Valonia utricularis (Roth) C.Agardh Ceramiaceae
Valoniopsis pachynema (G.Martens) Børgesen Centroceras clavulatum (C.Agardh) Montagne
Ceramium marshallense Dawson
Ceramium sp.
Phaeophyceae (Brown algae)
Class : Phaeophyceae Champiaceae
*Champia ceylanica Harvey
Dictyotaceae
Canistrocarpus crispatus (J.V.Lamouroux) De Paula et De Corallinaceae
Clerck Amphiroa foliacea J.V.Lamouroux
Canistrocarpus magneanus (De Clerck et Coppejans) De Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux
Paula et De Clerck Amphiroa sp.1
Dictyopteris delicatula J.V.Lamouroux Amphiroa sp.2
*Dictyota ceylanica Kützing Jania adhaerens J.V.Lamouroux
Dictyota ciliolata Sonder ex Kützing Jania cultrata (Harvey) J.H.Kim, Guiry et H.-G. Choi
Dictyota friabilis Setchell Jania intermedia (Kützing) P.Silva
Lobophora variegata (J.V. Lamouroux) Womersley ex Jania ungulata (Yendo) Yendo
Oliveira
Padina antillarum (Kützing) Piccone Cystocloniaceae
Padina boergesenii Allender et Kraft Hypnea charoides J.V.Lamouroux
Padina minor Yamada Hypnea pannosa J.Agardh
Stoechospermum polypodioides (J.V. Lamouroux) J. Hypnea spinella (C.Agardh) Kützing
Agardh
211
Dasyaceae Peyssonneliaceae
Dictyurus purpurascens Bory de Saint-Vincent Peyssonnelia sp.
Delesseriaceae Phyllophoraceae
Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) G.Martens Ahnfeltiopsis pygmaea (J.Agardh) P.C.Silva et DeCew
*Claudea multifida Harvey
Cottoniella amamiensis Itono Pterocladiaceae
*Martensia fragilis Harvey Pterocladiella caerulescens (Kützing) Santelices et
*Nitophyllum marginale (Kützing) J.Agardh Hommersand
Taenioma perpusillum (J.Agardh) J.Agardh
*Vanvoorstia coccinea Harvey ex J.Agardh Rhizophyllidaceae
Portieria hornemannii (Lyngbye) P.C.Silva
Galaxauraceae Portieria tripinnata (Hering) De Clerck
Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskål) Børgesen
Galaxaura filamentosa Chou Rhodomelaceae
Galaxaura rugosa (Ellis et Solander) J.V.Lamouroux Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Børgesen
Bostrychia tenella (J.V. Lamouroux) J.Agardh
Gelidiaceae *Bryocladia thwaitesii (Harvey ex J. Agardh) De Toni
Gelidium spp. Chondria armata (Kützing) Okamura Laurencioids
(Chondrophycus/Laurencia/Osmundea/
Gelidiellaceae Palisada-complex)
Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) J.Feldmann et G.Hamel Laurencia natalensis Kylin
Laurencia sp.
Gigartinaceae Palisada papillosa (C.Agardh) K.W.Nam et G.Furnari
Chondracanthus acicularis (Roth) Fredericq Leveillea jungermannioides (Hering et G.Martens) Harvey
Murrayella periclados (C.Agardh) Schmitz
Gracilariaceae Tolypiocladia calodictyon (Harvey ex Kützing) P.C.Silva
Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder
*Gracilaria corticata (J.Agardh) J.Agardh Rhodymeniaceae
Gracilaria corticata var. ramalinoides J.Agardh Botryocladia skottsbergii (Børgesen) Levring
Gracilaria hikkaduwensis Durairatnam
Gracilaria salicornia (C.Agardh) Dawson Sarcodiaceae
Sarcodia montagneana (J.D.Hooker et Harvey) J.Agardh
Halymeniaceae
Grateloupia lithophila Børgesen Solieriaceae
Halymenia durvillei Bory de Saint-Vincent *Euryomma platycarpa Schmitz
*Polyopes ligulatus (Harvey ex Kützing) De Toni
Spyridiaceae
Liagoraceae Spyridia fusiformis Børgesen
Dermonema virens (J.Agardh) Pedroche et Ávila Ortíz Spyridia hypnoides (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Papenfuss
Liagora ceranoides J.V.Lamouroux
Wrangeliaceae
Lomentariaceae Wrangelia argus (Montagne) Montagne
Gelidiopsis repens (Kützing) Weber-van Bosse
Gelidiopsis variabilis (J.Agardh) Schmitz *Type locality in Sri Lanka
References
Coppejans, E., Leliaert, F., Dargent, O.,Gunasekara,
R., De Clerck, O.2010. Sri Lankan Seaweeds,
Methodologies and field guide to the dominant
species. Abc Taxa. The Netherlands pp 1-263.
212
Halimeda discoidea Decaisne
Green algae
Growing in isolated, limited populations. Thallus erect,
generally bushy, branching mainly di- or tri-chotomous,
segments only slightly calcified, mostly thick and fleshy.
Morphologically variable. It can be found mostly in
lagoons from low water mark down to 1 m depth.
213
A Provisional List of Lichens in Sri Lanka
Udeni Jayalal1, Gothamie Weerakoon2, Pat Wolseley2, Siril Wijesundara3, Veranja Karunaratne4
1
Department of Natural Resources, Sabaragamuwa University, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London
3
National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
The list of lichenised fungi from Sri Lanka contains 876 The most significant changes have been made in the last
species in 233 genera in 60 families that have been collected decade both in taxonomic concepts through the use of
and described from Sri Lanka based on material collected molecular and chemical methods and through the growth in
over a period of time from the 19th C to the present day. the number of local specialists who have made collections
Collections made by G.H.K.Thwaites (1812-82) during his resulting in publications of both new records and new
time as Superintendent and later Director (1849-80) of the species from 2011 onwards (Jayalal et al., Weerakoon et
Botanic Gardens in Peradeniya were sent to lichenologists al. 2011-present). The use of modern molecular concepts
in Europe and resulted in publications describing many has enabled the re-evaluation of key tropical families
new species, such as by Leighton (1869) (specimens in Graphidaceae, Ramalinaceae and Trypetheliaceae
BM) and Nylander (1900) (specimens in Helsinki). During presented here. From 2011 onwards Weerakoon et al.
the latter part of the 20th Century Sri Lankan collections have described 80 new species and c. 400 new records for
made by Kurokawa and Mineta (1973) from Japan (mainly the country. Fully identified specimens and types of new
macrolichens of Physciaceae and Parmeliaceae) and species are deposited at the National Herbarium (PDA).
Hale from USA (1980,1981) (mainly Parmeliaceae and
Graphidaceae from canopies of virgin Dipterocarp trees In order to be consistent in this list we have revisited
being logged in Sinharaja forest) added many new records earlier records in Awasthi, Hale and others and referred
and species to the list. Europeans also added to the list: these to their present taxonomic positions using
Moberg from Sweden (Moberg 1986), Jørgensen from modern publications and Index Fungorum (http://www.
Norway (2001/2), Breussand Brunnbauer from Austria and indexfungorum.org/). However, records of lichen taxa
Vezda from Czech Republic (Breuss & Brunnbauer 1997; in families that were formerly used in a more restrictive
Vezda et al. 1997) described many new species. More sense, such as Lecideaceae are omitted from this list until
local interest grew from India through Awasthi (1991) and specimens can be re-examined and their taxonomic status
Makhija and Patwardhan (1992) resulting in a combined confirmed. This list has been a collaborative effort which
list of 659 species recorded from Sri Lanka. However the is ongoing (Weerakoon et al.in press and in preparation)
major collections and types of Sri Lankan lichen taxa from and there are still many habitats that are underexplored
this period are in foreign herbaria and few have been in Sri Lanka including the dry zone, intermediate zone and
worked on recently to resolve their taxonomic position and mangroves. We predict that the list will continue to increase
status. Specimens that have not been examined recently as we describe the diversity and endemism of lichen and
and whose taxonomic status is unconfirmed have been lichenicolous species in Sri Lanka.
excluded from this list but can be found in an outline of
previous publications by Brunnbauer (1984-1987).
214
Astrothelium feei (C.F.W. Meissn.) Aptroot & Lücking Dirinaria aspera (H.Magn.) D.D.Awasthi
Astrothelium flavoduplex Aptroot & M.Cáceres Dirinaria confluens (Fr.) D.D.Awasthi
Astrothelium galbineum Kremp. Dirinaria papillulifera (Nyl.) D.D.Awasthi
Astrothelium galligenum (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking Dirinaria picta (Sw.) Clem. & Shear
Astrothelium inspersoconicum Aptroot & Weerakoon Dirinaria purpurascens (Vain.) B.J.Moore
Astrothelium isohypocrellinum Aptroot & Weerakoon Gassicurtia clathrisidiata Aptroot
Astrothelium megaspermum (Mont.) Aptroot & Lücking Pyxine berteriana (Fée) Imshaug
Astrothelium meristosporoides (P.M.McCarthy & Pyxine coccifera (Fée) Nyl.
Vongshew.) Aptroot & Lücking Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl.
Astrothelium meristosporum (Mont. & Bosch) Aptroot & Pyxine copelandii Vain.
Lücking Pyxine coralligera Malme
Astrothelium nitidulum Weerakoon & Aptroot Pyxine cylindrica Kashiw.
Astrothelium nitidiusculum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking Pyxine fallax Kalb
Astrothelium subfusum Kremp. Pyxine farinosa Kashiw.
Crypthonia albida (Fée) Frisch & G.Thor Pyxine isidiophora (Müll.Arg.) Imshaug
Crypthonia polillensis (Vain.) Frisch & G.Thor Pyxine keralensis D.D.Awasthi
Cryptothecia candida (Kremp.) R.Sant. Pyxine maculata Swinscow & Krog
Cryptothecia faveomaculata Makhija & Patw. Pyxine retirugella Nyl.
Cryptothecia macrospora Makhija & Patw. Pyxine simulans Kalb
Cryptothecia monospora (Vain.) Makhija & Patw. Pyxine sorediata (Ach.) Mont.
Cryptothecia punctosorediata Sparrius Pyxine subcinerea Stirt.
Cryptothecia scripta G.Thor Sculptolumina japonica (Tuck.)Marbach
Cryptothecia verruciminuta Makhija & Patw. Sculptolumina serotina (Malme) Marbach
Herpothallon fertile Aptroot & Lücking Stigmatochroma metaleptodes (Nyl.) Marbach
Herpothallon granulare (Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking
Herpothallon philippinum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking Candelariaceae
Herpothallon roseocinctum (Fr.) Aptroot, Lücking & G.Thor Candelaria crawfordii (Müll.Arg.) P.M.Jørg. & D.J.Galloway
Myriostigma irregulare (Lücking, Aptroot, Kalb & Elix)
Frisch & G.Thor Catillariaceae
Stirtonia isidiata Weerakoon & Aptroot Catillaria leptocheiloides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Stirtonia viridis Aptroot, L.I.Ferraro, Sipman & M.Cáceres Catillaria subfuscata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Synarthonia karunaratnei (Weerakoon & Aptroot) Van den
Broeck & Ertz Chrysotrichaceae
Tylophoron moderatum Nyl. Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R.Laundon
Baeomycetaceae Cladoniaceae
Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent. Cladonia cartilaginea Müll.Arg.
Baeomyces sorediifer Nyl. Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd.
Cladonia corniculata Ahti & Kashiw.
Brigantieaceae Cladonia didyma (Fée) Vain.
Brigantiaea leucoxantha (Spreng.) R.Sant. & Hafellner Cladonia fruticulosa Kremp.
Cladonia homchantarae Ahti & Parnmen
Caliciaceae Cladonia humilis (With.) J.R.Laundon
Amandinea efflorescens (Müll.Arg.) Marbach Cladonia kurokawae Ahti & S.Stenroos
Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Cladonia macilenta Hoffm.
Buellia badia (Fr.) A.Massal. Cladonia mauritiana Ahti & J.C.David
Buellia ceylanensis Zahlbr. Cladonia mongkolsukii Parnmen & Ahti
Buellia geophila (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Lynge Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke
Buellia morehensis Kr.P.Singh & S.R.Singh Cladonia phyllopoda (Vain.) S.Stenroos
Buellia pusillula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Cladonia singhii Ahti & P.K.Dixit
Buellia subdisciformis (Leight.) Jatta Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm.
Buellia tincta Steiner ex H.Magn. Cladonia subdelicatula Vain. ex Asahina
Calicium lenticulare Ach. Cladonia submultiformis Asahina
Cratiria lauri-cassiae (Fée) Marbach Cladonia subradiata (Vain.) Sandst.
Cratiria obscurior (Stirt.) Marbach & Kalb Cladonia subsquamosa Kremp.
Cratiria rutilans Marbach
Dirinaria africana (Müll.Arg.) D.D.Awasthi Coccocarpiaceae
Dirinaria applanata (Fée) D.D.Awasthi Coccocarpia erythroxyli (Spreng.) Swinscow & Krog
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Coccocarpia molybdaea Pers. Graphidaceae
Coccocarpia palmicola (Spreng.) Arv. & D.J.Galloway Acanthothecis aurantiacodiscus Weerakoon, Lücking &
Coccocarpia pellita (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Lumbsch
Coccocarpia rottleri (Ach.) Arvidss. Allographa striatula (Ach.) Lücking & Kalb
Coccocarpia smaragdina Pers. Ampliotrema auratum (Tuck.) Kalb
Coccocarpia stellata Tuck. Asteristion platycarpoides (Tuck.) I.Medeiros, Lücking &
Lumbsch
Coccotremataceae Asteristion platycarpum (Tuck.) I.Medeiros, Lücking &
Coccotrema cucurbitula (Mont.) Müll.Arg. Lumbsch
Gyalectaria gyalectoides (Vězda) I.Schmitt, Kalb & Astrochapsa astroidea (Berk. & Broome) Parnmen, Lücking
Lumbsch & Lumbsch
Astrochapsa magnifica (Berk. & Broome) Parnmen,
Coenogoniaceae Lücking & Lumbsch
Coenogonium cancellatum Leight. Astrochapsa pulvereodiscus (Hale) Parnmen, Lücking &
Coenogonium implexum Nyl. Lumbsch
Coenogonium isidiatum (G.Thor & Vězda) Lücking, Aptroot Astrochapsa waasii (Hale) Parnmen, Lücking & Lumbsch
& Sipman Astrochapsa wolseleyana (Weerakoon, Lumbsch &
Coenogonium leprieurii (Mont.) Nyl. Lücking) Parnmen, Lücking & Lumbsch
Coenogonium linkii Ehrenb. Austrotrema terebrans (Nyl.) I.Medeiros, Lücking &
Coenogonium luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking Lumbsch
Coenogonium nepalense (G.Thor & Vězda) Lücking, Carbacanthographis marcescens (Fée) Staiger & Kalb
Aptroot & Sipman Chapsa alborosella (Nyl.) Frisch
Coenogonium retistriatum Leight. Chapsa imperfecta (Hale) Rivas Plata & Mangold
Coenogonium roumeguerianum (Müll.Arg.) Kalb Chapsa isidiata Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch
Coenogonium subluteum (Rehm) Kalb & Lücking Chapsa patens (Nyl.) Frisch
Chapsa pulchella Wijey., Lücking & Lumbsch
Collemataceae Chapsa scabiomarginata (Hale) Rivas Plata & Lücking
Collema actinoptychum Nyl. Chapsa thambapanni Weerakoon, Jayalal & Lücking
Collema coilocarpum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. Chapsa wijeyaratniana Weerakoon, Lumbsch & Lücking
Collema conglomeratum var. crassiusculum (Malme) Chroodiscus coccineus (Leight.) Müll.Arg.
Degel. Clandestinotrema leucomelanum (Nyl.) Rivas Plata,
Collema leptaleum var. biliosum (Mont.) Degel. Lücking & Lumbsch
Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. Clandestinotrema melanotrematum (Hale) Rivas Plata,
Collema pulchellum var. subnigrescens (Müll.Arg.) Degel. Lücking & Lumbsch
Collema rugosum Kremp. Clandestinotrema protoalbum (Hale) Rivas Plata, Lücking
Collema subflaccidum Degel. & Lumbsch
Leptogium asiaticum P.M.Jørg. Clandestinotrema stylothecium (Vain.) Rivas Plata, Lücking
Leptogium austroamericanum (Malme) C.W.Dodge & Lumbsch
Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont. Clandestinotrema tenue (Hale) Rivas Plata, Lücking &
Leptogium burnetiae C.W.Dodge Lumbsch
Leptogium callithamnium (Taylor) Nyl. Diorygma erythrellum (Mont. & Bosch) Kalb, Staiger & Elix
Leptogium chloromelum (Ach.) Nyl. Diorygma junghuhnii (Mont. & Bosch) Kalb, Staiger & Elix
Leptogium cochleatum (Dicks.) P.M.Jørg. & P.James Diorygma poitaei (Fée) Kalb, Staiger & Elix
Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb. Diploschistes gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.
Leptogium hibernicum M.E.Mitch. ex P.M.Jørg. Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R.Sant.
Leptogium marginellum (Sw.) Gray Diploschistes rampoddensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Leptogium milligranum Sierk Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman
Leptogium phyllocarpum (Pers.) Mont. Dyplolabia afzelii (Ach.) A.Massal.
Leptogium pichneum (Ach.) Nyl. Fibrillithecis argentea (Müll.Arg.) Rivas Plata & Lücking
Leptogium saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. Fibrillithecis gibbosa (H.Magn.) Rivas Plata & Lücking
Leptogium streimannii Verdon Fibrillithecis platyspora (Harm.) Frisch
Leptogium trichophorum Müll.Arg. Fissurina cingalina (Nyl.) Staiger
Rostania callibotrys (Tuck.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin Fissurina furfuracea (Leight.) A.W.Archer
Scytinium kauaiense (H.Magn.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin Fissurina lumbschiana Weerakoon, Jayalal & Lücking
Fissurina simulans (Leight.) A.W.Archer
Gomphillaceae Fissurina srilankensis Weerakoon, Wijey. & Lücking
Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Vězda & Poelt Fissurina tuberculifera Weerakoon, Jayalal & Lücking
Echinoplaca pellicula (Müll.Arg.) R.Sant. Glaucotrema costaricense (Müll.Arg.) Rivas Plata & Lumbsch
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Glaucotrema glaucophaenum (Kremp.) Rivas Plata & Lumbsch Myriotrema terebratulum (Nyl.) Hale
Glyphis scyphulifera (Ach.) Staiger Myriotrema thwaitesii Hale
Glyphis substriatula (Nyl.) Staiger Nadvornikia hawaiensis (Tuck.) Tibell
Glyphis cicatricosa Ach. Nitidochapsa aggregata (Hale) Poengs., Lücking &
Graphis allugallenensis Weerakoon, Wijey. & Lücking Lumbsch
Graphis anguilliformis Taylor Nitidochapsa leprieurii (Mont.) Parnmen, Lücking &
Graphis assimilis Nyl. Lumbsch
Graphis ceylanica Zahlbr. Nitidochapsa stictoides (Leight.) Tehler, Lücking &
Graphis conglomerata Spreng. Lumbsch
Graphis dotalugalensis Weerakoon, Wijey. & Rivas Plata Ocellularia albocincta (Hale) Divakar & Mangold
Graphis dupaxana Vain. Ocellularia albomaculata Hale
Graphis intricata Fée Ocellularia andamanica (Nyl.) Tat. Matsumoto & Deguchi
Graphis irradians Nyl. Ocellularia aptrootiana Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch
Graphis knucklensis Weerakoon, Wijey. & Wolseley Ocellularia arachchigei Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch
Graphis leprographa Nyl. Ocellularia ascidioidea Hale
Graphis mahaeliyensis Weerakoon, Jayalal & Lücking Ocellularia balangoda Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch
Graphis nematoides Leight. Ocellularia chonestoma (Leight.) Zahlbr.
Graphis nigroglauca Leight. Ocellularia cloonanii Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch
Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. Ocellularia diacida Hale
Graphis subtenella Müll.Arg. Ocellularia dolichotata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Graphis subvirginea Nyl. Ocellularia eumorpha (Stirt.) Hale
Graphis tenella Ach. Ocellularia exanthismocarpa (Leight.) Zahlbr.
Halegrapha masoniana Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch Ocellularia exuta Hale
Hemithecium balbisii (Fée) Trevis. Ocellularia kanneliyensis Hale
Hemithecium chlorocarpum (Fée) Trevis. Ocellularia keralensis Patw. & C.R.Kulk. ex Hale
Leiorreuma convariatum (Kremp.) A.W.Archer Ocellularia masonhalei (Patw. & C.R.Kulk.) Lücking
Leiorreuma melanostalazans (Leight.) A.W.Archer Ocellularia massalongoi (Mont.) Hale
Leucodecton anamalaiense (Patw. & C.R.Kulk.) Rivas Plata Ocellularia microstoma (Müll.Arg.) Hale
& Lücking Ocellularia monosporoides (Nyl.) Hale
Leucodecton canescens Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch Ocellularia neocavata Hale
Leucodecton elachistoteron (Leight.) Frisch Ocellularia neopertusariiformis Hale
Leucodecton fissurinum (Hale) Frisch Ocellularia nureliya (Hale) Patw., Sethy & Nagarkar
Leucodecton fuscomarginatum Weerakoon, Lücking & Ocellularia nylanderiana Hale
Lumbsch Ocellularia orthomastia (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
Leucodecton glaucescens (Nyl.) Frisch Ocellularia papillata (Leight.) Zahlbr.
Leucodecton nuwarense (Hale) Frisch Ocellularia perforata (Leight.) Müll.Arg.
Melanotrema lirelliforme (Tuck.) Frisch Ocellularia pertusariiformis (Leight.) Zahlbr.
Melanotrema meiospermoides (Hale) Frisch Ocellularia pluripora Hale
Melanotrema meiospermum (Nyl.) Frisch Ocellularia punctulata (Leight.) Zahlbr.
Myriotrema cinereoglaucescens (Vain.) Hale Ocellularia pyrenuloides Zahlbr.
Myriotrema clandestinum (Fée) Hale Ocellularia rassagala Hale
Myriotrema compunctum (Ach.) Hale Ocellularia ratnapurensis Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch
Myriotrema decorticatum Hale Ocellularia raveniana Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch
Myriotrema eminens (Hale) Hale Ocellularia rhicnopora Hale
Myriotrema fluorescens Hale Ocellularia sticticans Hale
Myriotrema frondosum Hale Ocellularia subsimilis (Hale) Hale
Myriotrema granulosum (Leight.) Hale Ocellularia thelotremoides (Leight.) Zahlbr.
Myriotrema hartii (Müll.Arg.) Hale Ocellularia triglyphica (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
Myriotrema mastarion Hale Pallidogramme chlorocarpoides (Nyl.) Staiger, Kalb &
Myriotrema microporum (Mont.) Hale Lücking
Myriotrema minutulum (Hale) Hale Pallidogramme chrysenterodes (Nyl.) Kr.P.Singh &
Myriotrema minutum (Hale) Hale Swarnal.
Myriotrema multicavum Hale Pallidogramme chrysenteron (Mont.) Staiger, Kalb &
Myriotrema olivaceum Fée Lücking
Myriotrema polytretum Hale Phaeographina caesiopruinosa (Fée) Müll.Arg.
Myriotrema porinaceum (Müll.Arg.) Hale Phaeographina chrysentera (Mont.) Müll.Arg.
Myriotrema rugiferum (Harm.) Hale Phaeographina contexta (Pers.) Müll.Arg.
Myriotrema subconforme (Nyl.) Hale Phaeographis aulaxerpeta (Leight.) Müll.Arg.
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Phaeographis caesioradians (Leight.) A.W.Archer Thelotrema dissultum Hale
Phaeographis ceylonensis (Kr.P.Singh & D.D.Awasthi) Thelotrema heladivense Weerakoon, Jayalal & Lücking
Kr.P.Singh & Swarnal. Thelotrema kamatii (Patw. & C.R.Kulk.) Hale
Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Thelotrema lacteum Kremp.
Phaeographis dividens (Nyl.) Kr.P.Singh & Swarnal. Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach.
Phaeographis leprieurii (Mont.) Staiger Thelotrema leprocarpoides Hale
Phaeographis subdividens (Leight.) Müll.Arg. Thelotrema minisporum Wijey., Lücking & Lumbsch
Phaeographis subinusta (Leight.) Müll.Arg. Thelotrema monosporum Nyl.
Phaeographis submarcescens (Leight.) Zahlbr. Thelotrema nostalgicum G.Salisb.
Phaeotrema disciforme (Leight.) Hale Thelotrema pidurutalagalum Hale
Phaeotrema erumpens (Leight.) R.Sant. Thelotrema piluliferum Tuck.
Platygramme colubrosa (Nyl.) Staiger Thelotrema porinoides Mont. & Bosch
Platythecium dimorphodes (Nyl.) Staiger Thelotrema pseudosimilans Weerakoon, Wijey. &
Platythecium leiogramma (Nyl.) Staiger Lumbsch
Platythecium pyrrhochroum (Mont. & Bosch) Z.F.Jia & Thelotrema weberi Hale
Lücking Topeliopsis novae-zelandiae (Szatala) Lumbsch & Mangold
Platythecium sripadakandense Weerakoon, Lücking & Topeliopsis subtuberculifera Weerakoon, Jayalal & Lücking
Lumbsch Wirthiotrema desquamans (Müll.Arg.) Lücking
Pseudochapsa dilatata (Müll.Arg.) Parnmen, Lücking & Wirthiotrema glaucopallens (Nyl.) Rivas Plata & Kalb
Lumbsch Wirthiotrema santessonii (Hale) Rivas Plata & Frisch
Pseudochapsa phlyctidioides (Müll.Arg.) Parnmen, Lücking
& Lumbsch, Gyalectaceae
Pseudochapsa pseudoexanthismocarpa (Patw. & C.R.Kulk.) Cryptolechia caudata Kalb
Parnmen, Lücking & Lumbsch Cryptolechia plurilocularis (Vain.) D.Hawksw. & Dibben
Pseudochapsa subpatens (Hale) Parnmen, Lücking & Gyalecta effervescens Nyl.
Lumbsch
Reimnitzia santensis (Tuck.) Kalb Haematommataceae
Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus Weerakoon, Lücking & Haematomma accolens (Stirt.) Hillmann
Lumbsch Haematomma flexuosum Hillmann
Rhabdodiscus crassus (Müll.Arg.) Frisch Haematomma puniceum (Ach.) A.Massal.
Rhabdodiscus emersus (Kremp.) Rivas Plata, Lücking &
Lumbsch Hygrophoraceae
Rhabdodiscus isidiatus Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch Cora palaeotropica Weerakoon, Aptroot & Lücking
Rhabdodiscus lankaensis (Hale) Lücking Dictyonema thelephora (Spreng.) Zahlbr.
Rhabdodiscus marivelensis (Vain.) Rivas Plata, Lücking &
Lumbsch Hymeneliaceae
Rhabdodiscus parnmenianus Weerakoon, Lücking & Ionaspis lacustris (With.) Lutzoni
Lumbsch
Sanguinotrema wightii (Taylor) Lücking Icmadophilaceae
Sarcographa dendroides (Leight.) Luch & Lücking Dibaeis sorediata Kalb & Gierl
Sarcographa feei (C.F.W. Meissn.) Müll.Arg. Siphula decumbens Nyl.
Sarcographa glyphiza (Nyl.) Kr.P.Singh & G.P. Sinha
Sarcographa heteroclita (Mont.) Zahlbr. Lecanographaceae
Sarcographa intricans (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler
Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Heterocyphelium leucampyx (Tuck.) Vain.
Sarcographa megistocarpa (Leight.) M.Cáceres & Lücking Zwackhia robusta (Vain.) Ertz
Sarcographa subtricosa var. subtricosa (Leight.) Müll.Arg. Zwackhia viridis (Ach.) Poetsch & Schied.
Sarcographa subtorquescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Sarcographa tricosa (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Lecanoraceae
Sarcographina torquescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Lecanora chlarotera Nyl.
Schistophoron muriforme Weerakoon & Aptroot Lecanora ecoronata Vain.
Stegobolus croceoporus (Hale) Frisch Lecanora fimbriatula Stirt.
Stegobolus fissus (Müll.Arg.) Frisch Lecanora flavoviridis Kremp.
Stegobolus polillensis (Vain.) Frisch Lecanora helva Stizenb.
Thalloloma pedespulli Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch Lecanora leproplaca Zahlbr.
Thecaria quassiicola Fée Lecanora leprosa Fée
Thelotrema colobicum Nyl. Lecanora novae-hollandiae Lumbsch
Thelotrema depressum Mont. Lecanora pseudistera Nyl.
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Lecanora subimmersa (Fée) Vain. Malmidea subgranifera (Kalb & Elix) Kalb & Elix,
Lecanora tropica Zahlbr. Malmidea vinosa (Eschw.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch
Lecidella enteroleucella (Nyl.) Hertel Sprucidea penicillata (Aptroot, M.Cáceres, Lücking &
Vainionora flavovirens (Fée) Kalb Sparrius) M.Cáceres, Aptroot & Lücking
Letrouitiaceae Megalosporaceae
Letrouitia parabola (Nyl.) R.Sant. & Hafellner Megalospora sulphurata Meyen
Letrouitia subvulpina (Nyl.) Hafellner Megalospora tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman
Letrouitia transgressa (Malme) Hafellner & Bellem.
Letrouitia vulpina (Tuck.) Hafellner & Bellem. Megasporaceae
Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner
Lichinaceae
Psorophorus pholidotus (Mont.) Müll.Arg. Monoblastiaceae
Anisomeridium albisedum (Nyl.) R.C.Harris
Lobariaceae Anisomeridium anisolobum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot
Dendriscosticta platyphylloides (Nyl.) Moncada & Lücking Anisomeridium palavanum (Vain.) R.C.Harris
Lobaria discolor (Bory) Hue Anisomeridium polycarpum (Müll.Arg.) R.C.Harris
Lobaria retigera (Bory) Trevis. Anisomeridium subnexum (Nyl.) R.C.Harris
Lobaria virens (With.) J.R.Laundon Anisomeridium subprostans (Nyl.) R.C.Harris
Pseudocyphellaria argyracea (Delise) Vain. Anisomeridium subtruncatum Aptroot
Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain. Anisomeridium tamarindi (Fée) R.C.Harris
Pseudocyphellaria beccarii (Kremp.) D.J.Galloway Megalotremis biocellata Aptroot
Pseudocyphellaria ceylonensis H.Magn. Megalotremis cauliflora Aptroot, Sérus. & Lücking
Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain. Megalotremis cylindrica Weerakoon & Aptroot
Pseudocyphellaria desfontainii (Delise) Vain. Megalotremis lateralis Aptroot
Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vain. Megalotremis pustulata Aptroot
Pseudocyphellaria junghuhniana (Müll.Arg.) D.D.Awasthi Monoblastia pellucida Aptroot
Pseudocyphellaria quercifolia (Tayl.) Vain. Trypetheliopsis gigas (Zahlbr.) Aptroot
Sticta boschiana Mont. & Bosch Trypetheliopsis hirsuta Weerakoon, Arachchige & Aptroot
Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach.
Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach. Mycocaliciaceae
Sticta marginifera Mont. Phaeocalicium curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell
Sticta quercifolia Taylor
Sticta weigelii var. weigelii (Ach.) Vainio Mycoporaceae
Mycoporum eschweileri (Müll.Arg.) R.C.Harris
Malmideaceae Mycoporum lacteum (Ach.) R.C.Harris
Bacidina medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal,
Bendiksby & S.Ekman Mycosphaerellaceae
Malmidea aurigera (Fée) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch Stigmidium allogenum (Nyl.) D.Hawksw.
Malmidea badimioides (M.Cáceres & Lücking) M.Cáceres
& Kalb Nephromataceae
Malmidea bakeri (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch Nephroma helveticum Ach.
Malmidea ceylanica (Zahlbr.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch
Malmidea duplomarginata (Papong & Kalb) Kalb & Papong Ochrolechiaceae
Malmidea eeuuae Kalb Ochrolechia africana Vain.
Malmidea fellhaneroides (Lücking) Kalb & Lücking Ochrolechia tartarea (L.) A.Massal.
Malmidea fuscella (Müll.Arg.) Kalb & Lücking Varicellaria velata (Turner) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch
Malmidea granifera (Ach.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch
Malmidea gyalectoides (Vain.) Kalb & Lücking Opegraphaceae
Malmidea hypomelaena (Nyl.) Kalb & Lücking Cresponea flava (Vain.) Egea & Torrente
Malmidea leptoloma (Müll.Arg.) Kalb & Lücking Cresponea plurilocularis (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente
Malmidea papillosa Weerakoon & Aptroot Cresponea proximata (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente
Malmidea piae (Kalb) Kalb Opegrapha leptoterodes Nyl.
Malmidea piperis (Spreng.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch Opegrapha subvulgata Nyl.
Malmidea plicata Weerakoon & Aptroot Sclerophyton elegans Eschw.
Malmidea sanguineostigma Weerakoon & Aptroot
Malmidea sorsogona (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch Pannariaceae
Malmidea subaurigera (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch Erioderma sorediatum D.J.Galloway & P.M.Jørg
219
Fuscopannaria crystallifera (P.M.Jørg.) Magain & Sérus. & I.Schmitt
Fuscopannaria coerulescens P.M.Jørg. Parmelia amphithrix (Hale)
Fuscopannaria dissecta P.M.Jørg Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale
Fuscopannaria leucosticta (Tuck.) P.M.Jørg. Parmelinella simplicior (Hale) Elix & Hale
Fuscopannaria siamensis P.M.Jørg. & Wolseley Parmelinella wallichiana (Taylor) Elix & Hale
Leightoniella zeylanensis (Leight.) Henssen Parmelinopsis horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale
Leioderma sorediatum D.J.Galloway & P.M.Jørg. Parmelinopsis minarum (Vain.) Elix & Hale
Lepidocollema brisbanense (C. Knight) P.M.Jørg. Parmelinopsis spumosa (Asahina) Elix & Hale
Lepidocollema leiostroma (Nyl.) P.M.Jørg. Parmotrema abessinicum (Nyl. ex Kremp.) Hale
Lepidocollema marianum (Fr.) P.M.Jørg. Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale
Lepidocollema stylophorum (Vain.) P.M.Jørg. Parmotrema andinum (Müll.Arg.) Hale
Parmeliella nigrocincta (Mont.) Müll.Arg. Parmotrema cetratum (Ach.) Hale
Physma byrsaeum (Ach.) Tuck. Parmotrema clavuliferum (Räsänen) Streimann
Psoroma pholidotum (Mont.) Müll.Arg. Parmotrema cooperi (J.Steiner & Zahlbr.) Sérus.
Psoroma sphinctrinum (Mont.) Nyl. Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M.Choisy
Parmotrema cristiferum (Taylor) Hale
Parmeliaceae Parmotrema durumae (Krog & Swinscow) Krog &
Anzia flavotenuis Jayalal, Wolseley & Aptroot Swinscow
Anzia mahaeliyensis Jayalal, Wolseley & Aptroot Parmotrema eunetum (Stirt.) hale
Bulbothrix bulbochaeta (Hale) Hale Parmotrema grayanum (Hue) Hale
Bulbothrix goebelii (Zenker) Hale Parmotrema hababiana Gyeln.
Bulbothrix hypocraea (Vain.) Hale Parmotrema latissimum (Fée) Hale
Bulbothrix isidiza (Nyl.) Hale Parmotrema lobulascens (J.Steiner) Hale
Bulbothrix meizospora (Nyl.) Hale Parmotrema mellissii (C.W.Dodge) Hale
Bulbothrix sensibilis (J.Steiner & Zahlbr.) Hale Parmotrema nilgherrense (Nyl.) Hale
Bulbothrix setschwanensis (Zahlbr.) Hale Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M.Choisy
Bulbothrix tabacina (Mont. & Bosch) Hale Parmotrema poolii (C.W.Dodge) Krog & Swinscow
Canomaculina subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale
Canoparmelia owariensis (Asahina) Elix Parmotrema rampoddense (Nyl.) Hale
Canoparmelia texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) M.Choisy
Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. Parmotrema sancti-angelii (Lynge) Hale
Crespoa carneopruinata (Zahlbr.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. Parmotrema stenopteris (Kurok.) D.D.Awasthi
Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale
Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirt.) Hale Parmotrema uberrimum (Hue) Hale
Hypogymnia fragillima (Hillmann ex Sato) Rass. Parmotrema ultralucens (Krog) Hale
Hypogymnia pseudobitteriana (D.D.Awasthi) D.D.Awasthi Parmotrema zollingeri (Hepp) Hale
Hypogymnia zeylanica (R. Sant.) D.D.Awasthi & Kr.P.Singh Protoparmelia megalosporoides Weerakoon & Aptroot
Hypotrachyna americana (Meyen & Flot.) Divakar, Relicina amphithrix Hale
A.Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch Relicina dahlii (Hale) Kirika, Divakar & Lumbsch
Hypotrachyna brevirhiza (Kurok.) Hale Relicina intertexta (Mont. & Bosch) Kirika, Divakar &
Hypotrachyna cirrhata (Fr.) Divakar, A.Crespo, Sipman, Elix Lumbsch
& Lumbsch Relicina malaccensis (Nyl.) Kirika, Divakar & Lumbsch
Hypotrachyna endochlora (Leight.) Hale Relicina relicinula (Müll.Arg.) Hale
Hypotrachyna exsecta (Taylor) Hale Relicina subconnivens Hale
Hypotrachyna infirma (Kurok.) Hale Relicina sublanea (Kurok.) Hale
Hypotrachyna laevigata (Sm.) Hale, Relicinopsis dahlii (Hale) Elix & Verdon
Hypotrachyna osseoalba (Vain.) Y.S.Park & Hale Relicinopsis malaccensis (Nyl.) Elix & Verdon
Hypotrachyna physcioidea (Nyl.) Hale Remototrachyna awasthii (Hale & Patw.) Divakar &
Hypotrachyna pseudosinuosa (Asahina) Hale A.Crespo
Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale Remototrachyna costaricensis (Nyl.) Divakar, Lumbsch,
Hypotrachyna rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale Ferencová, Prado & A.Crespo
Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Remototrachyna rigidula (Kurok.) Divakar & A.Crespo
Myelochroa denegans (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Usnea bismolliuscula Zahlbr.
Myelochroa perisidians (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Usnea complanata (Müll.Arg.) Motyka
Myelochroa subaurulenta (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Usnea cornuta Körb.
Neoprotoparmelia isidiata (Diederich, Aptroot & Sérus.) Usnea lucea Motyka
Garima Singh, Lumbsch & I.Schmitt Usnea pangiana Stirt.
Neoprotoparmelia multifera (Nyl.) Garima Singh, Lumbsch Usnea rigidula (Stirt.) G.Awasthi
220
Usnea steineri Zahlbr. Heterodermia incana (Stirt.) D.D.Awasthi
Usnea vegae Motyka Heterodermia isidiophora (Nyl.) D.D.Awasthi
Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis.
Heterodermia pellucida (D.D.Awasthi) D.D.Awasthi
Patellariaceae Heterodermia podocarpa (Bél.) D.D.Awasthi
Patellaria stirtonii (Zahlbr.) Ertz Heterodermia pseudospeciosa (Kurok.) W.L.Culb.
Heterodermia queensberryi Weerakoon & Aptroot
Peltulaceae Heterodermia reagens (Kurok.) Elix
Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pišút Heterodermia rubrotricha Weerakoon & Aptroot
Peltula rodriguesii (Cromb.) Büdel Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevis.
Peltula placodizans (Zahlbr.) Wetmore Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt
Leucodermia circinalis (Zahlbr.) Kalb
Pertusariaceae Leucodermia leucomelos (L.) Kalb
Lepra commutata (Müll.Arg.) Lendemer & R.C.Harris Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl.
Lepra tropica (Vain.) Lendemer & R.C.Harris Physcia alba (Fée) Müll.Arg.
Lepra truncata (Kremp.) A.W.Archer & Elix Physcia atrostriata Moberg
Pertusaria ceylonica Müll.Arg. Physcia dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl.
Pertusaria granulata (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Physcia erumpens Moberg
Pertusaria impressula Müll.Arg. Physcia integrata Nyl.
Pertusaria lacerans Müll.Arg. Physcia krogiae Moberg
Pertusaria leucosorodes Nyl. Physcia poncinsii Hue
Pertusaria melastomella Nyl. Physcia sorediosa (Vain.) Lynge
Pertusaria mesotropa Müll.Arg. Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.
Pertusaria nigrata Kremp. Physcia verrucosa Moberg
Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Tuck. Polyblastidium appendiculatum (Kurok.) Kalb
Pertusaria porinella Nyl. Polyblastidium hypoleucum (Ach.) Kalb
Pertusaria pseudococcodes Müll.Arg. Polyblastidium japonicum (M.Satô) Kalb
Pertusaria quassiae (Fée) Nyl. Polyblastidium magellanicum (Zahlbr.) Kalb
Pertusaria subdepressa Müll.Arg. Polyblastidium microphyllum (Kurok.) Kalb
Pertusaria subradians Müll.Arg. Polyblastidium propaguliferum (Vain.) Kalb
Pertusaria substerescens Zahlbr Polyblastidium violostriatum (Elix) Kalb
Pertusaria tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl. Rinodina exigua (Ach.) Gray
Pertusaria thwaitesii Müll.Arg.
Pilocarpaceae
Phlyctidaceae Byssoloma subdiscordans (Nyl.) P.James
Phlyctis brasiliensis Nyl. Calopadia fusca (Müll.Arg.) Vězda
Phlyctis himalayensis (Nyl.) D.D.Awasthi Calopadia puiggarii (Müll.Arg.) Vězda
Phlyctis lueckingii Weerakoon & Aptroot Fellhanera stipitata Weerakoon & Aptroot
Phlyctis monosperma S.Joshi & Upreti Micarea corallothallina M.Cáceres, D.A.Mota & Aptroot
Micarea peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R.Sant.
Physciaceae Septotrapelia glauca Aptroot & Chaves
Anaptychia flabellata (Fée) A.Massal. Sporopodium phyllocharis (Mont.) A.Massal.
Anaptychia pellucida D.D.Awasthi
Hafellia curatellae (Malme) Marbach Placynthiaceae
Hafellia parastata (Nyl.) Kalb Polychidium dendriscum (Nyl.) Henssen
Heterodermia albicans (Pers.) Swinscow & Krog
Heterodermia antillarum (Vain.) Swinscow & Krog Porinaceae
Heterodermia barbifera (Nyl.) Kr.P.Singh Myeloconis erumpens P.M.McCarthy & Elix
Heterodermia comosa (Eschw.) Follmann & Redón Myeloconis fecunda P.M.McCarthy & Elix
Heterodermia corcovadensis (Kurok.) Elix Porina africana Müll.Arg.
Heterodermia dactyliza (Nyl.) Swinscow & Krog Porina americana Fée
Heterodermia diademata (Taylor) D.D.Awasthi Porina bellendenica Müll.Arg.
Heterodermia firmula (Linds.) Trevis. Porina conspersa Malme
Heterodermia flabellata (Fée) D.D.Awasthi Porina corrugata Müll.Arg.
Heterodermia flavosquamosa Aptroot & Sipman Porina curtula Malme
Heterodermia fragmentata Weerakoon & Aptroot Porina desquamescens Fée
Heterodermia galactophylla (Tuck.) W.L.Culb. Porina dolichophora (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.
Heterodermia hypochraea (Vain.) Swinscow & Krog Porina eminentior (Nyl.) P.M.McCarthy
221
Porina internigrans (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. Pyrenula pyrenuloides (Mont.) R.C.Harris
Porina luteopallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Pyrenula quassiicola Fée
Porina mastoidella (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. Pyrenula ravenelii (Tuck.) R.C.Harris
Porina microtriseptata Weerakoon & Aptroot Pyrenula subglabrata (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.
Porina monilisidiata Weerakoon & Aptroot Pyrenula submarginata Vain.
Porina nucula Ach. Pyrenula submastophora Ajay Singh & Upreti
Porina nuculastrum (Müll.Arg.) R.C.Harris Pyrenula thailandica Aptroot
Porina viridipustulata Weerakoon & Aptroot Pyrenula zeylanica Upreti & Ajay Singh
Pyrenulacaea Ramalinaceae
Lithothelium obtectum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot Bacidia laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr.
Anthracothecium interlatens (Nyl.) Aptroot Bacidia millegrana (Taylor) Zahlbr.
Anthracothecium megaspermum Patw. & Makhija Bacidia phaeolomoides (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr.
Anthracothecium thwaitesii (Leight.) Müll.Arg. Bacidia polychroa (Th.Fr.) Körb.
Pleurotrema tarmugliense (Makhija & Patw.) D.D.Awasthi Bacidia spadicea (Ach.) Zahlbr.
Psorotichia commiscens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Bacidia subannexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Pyrenula acutispora Kalb & Hafellner Bacidia submedialis (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Pyrenula adacta Fée Bacidiopsora psorina (Nyl.) Kalb
Pyrenula aggregata (Fée) Fée Biatora globulosa (Flörke) Fr.
Pyrenula aggregataspistea Aptroot & M.Cáceres Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr.
Pyrenula anomala (Ach.) Vain. Crustospathula khaoyaiana Kalb & Mongk.
Pyrenula aspistea (Ach.) Ach. Eschatogonia marivelensis (Vain.) Kalb
Pyrenula astroidea (Fée) R.C.Harris Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr.
Pyrenula bahiana Malme Lopezaria versicolor (Flot.) Kalb & Hafellner
Pyrenula breutelii (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot Megalaria intermixta (Nyl.) Kalb
Pyrenula cayennensis Müll.Arg. Phyllopsora borbonica Timdal & Krog
Pyrenula circumfiniens Vain. Phyllopsora breviuscula (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.
Pyrenula columellata Upreti & Ajay Singh Phyllopsora castaneocincta (Hue) Kistenich & Timdal
Pyrenula complanata (Mont.) Trevis. Phyllopsora gossypina (Sw.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby
Pyrenula crassiuscula (Malme) Aptroot & S.Ekman
Pyrenula cryptothelia (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Etayo Phyllopsora halei (Tuck.) Zahlbr
Pyrenula cubana (Müll.Arg.) R.C.Harris Phyllopsora longiuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Pyrenula decumbens (Müll.Arg.) Upreti Phyllopsora porphyromelaena (Vain.) Zahlbr.
Pyrenula dermatodes (Borrer) Schaer. Phyllopsora pyxinoides (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby
Pyrenula duplicans (Nyl.) Aptroot & S.Ekman
Pyrenula ectypa (Kremp.) Zahlbr. Phyllopsora subhispidula (Nyl.) Kalb & Elix
Pyrenula fetivica (Kremp.) Müll.Arg. Phyllopsora confusa Swinscow & Krog
Pyrenula globifera (Eschw.) Aptroot Phyllopsora corallina (Eschw.) Müll.Arg.
Pyrenula immersa Müll.Arg. Phyllopsora dolichospora Timdal & Krog
Pyrenula inframamillana Aptroot & M.Cáceres Phyllopsora foliata (Stirt.) Zahlbr.
Pyrenula interducta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Phyllopsora furfuracea (Pers.) Zahlbr.
Pyrenula leucostoma Ach. Phyllopsora kiiensis (Vain.) Gotth.Schneid.
Pyrenula leucotrypa (Nyl.) Upreti Phyllopsora africana Timdal & Krog
Pyrenula mamillana (Ach.) Trevis. Ramalina australiensis Nyl.
Pyrenula massariospora (Starbäck) R.C.Harris Ramalina conduplicans Vain.
Pyrenula media Aptroot Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach.
Pyrenula micheneri R.C.Harris Ramalina hossei Vain.
Pyrenula microcarpa Müll.Arg. Ramalina inflata (Hook.f. & Taylor) Hook.f. & Taylor
Pyrenula multicolorata Weerakoon & Aptroot Rolfidium peltatum Moberg
Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach.
Pyrenula nitidella (Flörke ex Schaer.) Müll.Arg. Ramboldiaceae
Pyrenula nitidula (Bres.) R.C.Harris Ramboldia haematites (Fée) Kalb, Lumbsch & Elix
Pyrenula ocellulata Wijey., Lücking & Lumbsch Ramboldia russula (Ach.) Kalb, Lumbsch & Elix
Pyrenula ochraceoflava (Nyl.) R.C.Harris
Pyrenula oculata Ajay Singh & Upreti Roccellaceae
Pyrenula parvinuclea (Meyen & Flot.) Aptroot Chiodecton leptosporum Müll.Arg.
Pyrenula pinguis var. pinguis Fée Dichosporidium boschianum (Mont.) G.Thor
Pyrenula platystoma (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot Dirinaria aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B.J.Moore
222
Enterographa mesomela Sparrius, Saipunk. & Wolseley Thelenellaceae
Enterographa multiseptata R.Sant. Julella geminella (Nyl.) R.C.Harris
Enterographa praepallens (Nyl.) Awasthi
Enterographa tropica Sparrius Trapeliaceae
Enterographa wijesundarae Weerakoon & Aptroot Trapelia coarctata (Turner) M.Choisy
Graphidastra multiformis (Mont. & Bosch) G.Thor Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch
Lecanactis minutissima Weerakoon & Aptroot
Mazosiacarnea (Eckfeldt) Aptroot & M.Cáceres Trypetheliaceae
Mazosia phyllosema (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Bogoriella conothelena (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking
Mazosia viridescens (Fée) Aptroot & M.Cáceres Bogoriella macrocarpa (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner)
Pseudoschismatomma rufescens (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler Aptroot & Lücking
Roccella montagnei Bél. Constrictolumina cinchonae (Ach.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen &
Schismatomma ceylanicum Tehler Aptroot
Schismatomma fractuosum (Leight.) Zahlbr. Constrictolumina majuscula (Nyl.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen &
Syncesia farinacea (Fée) Tehler Aptroot
Constrictolumina planorbis (Ach.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen &
Sphaerophoraceae Aptroot
Bunodophoron australe (Laurer) A.Massal. Constrictolumina porospora (Vain.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen &
Bunodophoron diplotypum (Vain.) Wedin Aptroot
Bunodophoron formosanum (Zahlbr.) Wedin Dictyomeridium amylosporum (Vain.) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen
Bunodophoron macrocarpum (Ohlsson) Wedin & Lücking
Dictyomeridium proponens (Nyl.) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen &
Sphinctrinaceae Lücking
Pyrgidium montellicum (Beltr.) Tibell Marcelaria cumingii (Mont.) Aptroot, Nelsen & Parnmen
Nigrovothelium tropicum (Ach.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen &
Stereocaulaceae Aptroot
Lepraria atrotomentosa Orange & Wolseley Polymeridium jordanii (C.W.Dodge) Aptroot
Lepraria nigrocincta Diederich, Sérus. & Aptroot Polymeridium fernandoi Aptroot & Weerakoon
Lepraria sipmaniana (Kümmerl. & Leuckert) Kukwa Polymeridium inspersum Aptroot
Lepraria pseudoarbuscula (Asahina) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. Polymeridium quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) R.C.Harris
Stereocaulon foliolosum Nyl. Pseudopyrenula media Aptroot & Diederich
Stereocaulon austroindicum I.M.Lamb Pseudopyrenula subgregaria Müll.Arg.
Stereocaulon leprocephalum Vain. Pseudopyrenula subnudata Müll.Arg.
Trypethelium eluteriae Spreng.
Strigulaceae Trypethelium epileucodes Nyl.
Strigula complanata Mont. Trypethelium subeluteriae Makhija & Patw.
Strigula smaragdula Fr. Trypethelium uberinum Leight.
Strigula maculata (Cooke & Massee) R.Sant. Trypethelium variolosum Ach.
Strigula nemathora Mont.
Strigula nitidula Mont. Umbilicariaceae
Strigula subelegans Vain. Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Ach.
Strigula subtilissima (Fée) Müll.Arg.
Uncertain
Teloschistaceae Platygraphopsis interrupta (Fée) Müll.Arg.
Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén
Calogaya lobulata (Flörke) Arup, Frödén & Søchting Verrucariaceae
Caloplaca aphanotripta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Agonimia pacifica (H. Harada) Diederich
Caloplaca brebissonii (Fée) Zahlbr. Endocarpon pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl.
Caloplaca camptidia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Flakea papillata O.E.Erikss.
Caloplaca subdolosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Psoroglaena spinosa Weerakoon & Aptroot
Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Psoroglaena stigonemoides (Orange) Henssen
Arup
Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norman
Tephromelataceae
Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner
223
Anzia Mahaeliyensis Jayalal, Wolseley & Aptroot,
Parmeliaceae
Origin: Endemic
Habitat: Foliose, Corticolous
Place and year: Horton Plains National Park. 2007
Photographed by: Udeni Jayalal
224
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225
A Provisional List of Fungi in Sri Lanka
Nimal Adikaram1,2 and Deepthi Yakandawala2
Fungi are one of the largest and most widely distributed, but The information gathered on Sri Lankan fungal flora after
lesser studied, groups of eukaryotes on earth. Mycologists 1950 remains scattered. Several handbooks illustrating
estimate the total fungal species to be between 2.2-3.8 the morphology of numerous genera of fungi authored
million on earth (Willis, 2018). Only about 144,000 species by Coomaraswamy (1979; 1981a), Coomaraswamy & De
of fungi have been identified and described. The Kingdom Fonseka (1981b), Coomaraswamy & Kumarasingham (1988)
Fungi is a monophyletic group which implies that all modern were published by in 1970s by the UNESCO MAB National
fungi can be traced back to a single ancestral organism. Committee. These were useful as guides to identification
of fungi or disease diagnosis. Agaric Flora of Sri Lanka by
The present phylogenetic classification of fungi recognizes David N. Pegler provides illustrated descriptions of over
eight phyla within the Kingdom Fungi, Cryptomycota (c.30 330 agarics collected in Ceylon and identified during
spp.), Microsporidia (c.1,250 spp.), Blastocladiomycota (c.220 the latter half of 19th century. The first Checklist of Plant
species), Chytridiomycota (c.980 species), Zoopagomycota Pathogenic fungi and Oomycota in Sri Lanka (Adikaram
(c.900 spp.), Mucoromycota (c.760 spp.), Ascomycota and Yakandawala, 2020) presents 400 pathogenic species
(c.90,000 spp.) and Basidiomycota (c.50,000 spp.) (Willis, recorded after 1950’s. Introduction of molecular tools
2018). Certain groups that were long believed as ‘fungi’ provided new insights to the identification and description
such as Oomycota and Myxomycota, with spore-bearing of fungi, adding new taxa most frequently to the Sri Lankan
structures, are not recognized as fungi that have evolved from fungal flora.
a common ancestor (Willis, 2018). Myxomycota is classified
within the Kingdom Protozoa, while Oomycota members that National resources
produce motile spores and grow as hyphae with cellulose A part of the Agarics collection made during Petch’s time
containing walls are included within the Kingdom Chromista. was sent to Kew Herbarium where they remain deposited.
The remainder of the collection was retained at the
Fungi contribute to a significant part of the Sri Lanka’s Central Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Gannoruwa
biodiversity. The native fungal flora in Sri Lanka has been (presently the Horticultural Research and Development
conservatively estimated to be around 25,000 species Institute, HORDI). A collection of 412 water-color paintings
(Adikaram, 2004). Fungi have been studied in Sri Lanka made by W. de Alwis are in the herbarium of HORDI. Sri
(formerly Ceylon) since 18th century, most exclusively by Lanka is still to establish a national culture collection or
British Botanist-Mycologists, dating the history of Mycology Herbarium for fungi.
in Ceylon back to 1783.
Fungal checklists
The earliest record of fungi in Ceylon by British is probably Two checklists of fungi in Sri Lanka are included in the
by Houttuyn (1788) under the names Peziza ceyloneche and present manuscript. One of them provides 1,139 species of
Peziza limbosa. Berkeley and Broome (1870, 1871, 1873) fungi associated with plants in Sri Lanka belonging to 422
described 403 species of agarics. From 1905-1925, T. Petch genera and 183 families. Mycosphaerellaceae is the most
collected fungi extensively and published in the Annals of species-rich family containing 107 species. Genus Uredo
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya. The outcome of contains most number of species with 56 and Cercospora
these studies was summarized in an annotated list, as the comes next with 45 species. The second checklist brings in
“Fungi of Ceylon” (Petch and Bisby, 1950) which amount to 345 species of Agaric flora belonging to 96 genera known
about 640 genera and 2,182 species. in Sri Lanka.
As an initial step towards conservation and bridging the
Recent progress knowledge gaps on Sri Lankan fungi, the present updating
Since the days of Petch, larger collections of fleshy of the National Red inventories included selected fungal
fungi have not been undertaken in the country. Recent groups. The data provided in the list will be useful in the
identification of 50 macro-fungi, belonging to Ascomycota compilation of fungal biodiversity of Sri Lanka. The checklist
and Basidiomycota, was one of the few studies conducted will, not by any means, be a conclusive list and new records
using a medium scale collection (Ediriweera et al. 2014). will continue to be added regularly in the future.
The approximate number of fungi known to date would be
just over 2,500, including the 2,182 species recorded by
British prior to 1950. Yet over 85% of the estimated 25,000
species remain unknown.
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Checklist 1 Ascodichaenaceae
Henriquesia ochlandrae Petch
FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH PLANTS IN SRI LANKA
Ascomycota (Family, Incertae sedis)
True fungi (Kingdom - Fungi) Aglaospora aculeata Cooke
Aecidiaceae Cordana musae (Zimm.) Höhn
Aecidium emiliae Petch Denticulria mangiferae (Adikaram, 2020 Unpublished)
Aecidium acanthacearum Cooke Endocalyx thwaitesii Berk. & Broome
Aecidium argyreiae Berk. & Broome Exosporium arecae (Berk. & Broome) Petch
Aecidium breyniae Syd. & P.Syd
Aecidium cassia Bres. Aspergillaceae
Aecidium elaeagni-latifoliae Petch Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka
Aecidium erythrobasis Berk. & Broom Aspergillus flavus Link.
Aecidium flavidum Berk. & Broome Aspergillus niger van Tieghem
Aecidium formosanum Syd. & P.Syd. Aspergillus tamarii Kita
Aecidium kaernbachii Henn. Penicillium citrinum Sopp
Aecidium luculentum Syd. & P.Syd. Penicillium digitatum Sacc.
Aecidium micranthum Syd. & P.Syd. Penicillium funiculosum Thom.
Aecidium nummulare Berkeley Penicillium incarnatum Berk. & Broome
Aecidium parsonsiae Petch Penicillium italicum Wehmer.
Aecidium petchii Sacc. & Trotter Penicillium purpurrogenum Stoll
Aecidium polyalthiae Petch
Aecidium rhytismoideum Racib. Asterinaceae
Aecidium serpiculae Petch Asterina crustosa Berk. & Cooke
Aecidium vernoniae-cinereae Petch Asterina echinospora Höhn
Aecidium vernoniae-hookerianae Petch Asterina sphaerotheca P.Karst. & Roum.
Aecidium vignae Cooke Asterostomella aberiae Petch
Lembosia pavettae Theiss
Agaricaceae Triposporium gardneri (Berk.) Speg.
Cyathus triplex Lloyd
Lepiota oenopoda Berk. & Broome
Barbatosphaeriaceae
Ceratostomella paradoxa (de Seynes)
Amphisphaeriaceae
Ephelis tripsaci (D.Mulder & Arx) Hern.-Restr. & Crous Bionectriaceae
Gerlachia oryzae (Hashioka & Yokoqi) W.Gams Didymostilbe coffeae Henn.
Pestalotia disseminata Thüm. Mycocitrus hypocrellicola (Henn.) Samuels
Pestalotia lupini Sorauer
Pestalotia mangiferae Henn. Botryosphaeriaceae
Pestalotia parmarum (Cooke) Steyaert Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.
Pestalotia suffocata Ellis & Everh. Botryodiploidia diospyri Henn.
Pestalotia theae Sawada Botryodiploidia sorghii Henn.
Pestalotia viticola Cavara Botryosphaeria erythrinae Petch
Pestalotiopsis psidii (Pat.) Mordue Botryosphaeria inflate Cooke & Massee
Pestalotiopsis versicolor (Speg.) Steyaert Botryosphaeria microspore Petch
Botryosphaeria theicola Petch
Anthracoideaceae Botryosphaeria vanilla (Stoneman)
Cintractia axicola (Berk.) Cornu Botryosphaeria agaves (Henn.) E.J.Butler
Cintractia leucoderma (Berk.) Henn Dothiorella anonae Petch
Cintractia peribebuyensis (Speg.) Sawada Desmotascus cinnamomi Petch
Farysia emodensis (Berk.) Syd. & P.Syd. Desmotascus cocoes Petch
Farysia olivacea (DC.) Syd. & P.Syd. Desmotascus neglectus Petch
Fusicoccum microspermum Har. & P.Karst.
Apiosporaceae Guignardia camelliae (Cooke) E.J.Butler
Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch Guignardia heveae Syd. & P.Syd.
Guignardia musae Racib.
Aplosporellaceae
Guignardia opuntiae Petch
Aplosporella crypta Petch (Syn. Haplosporella crypta Petch.
Lasiodiplodia crassispora T.Burgess & Barber
Aposphaeria heveae Petch
Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.
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Macrophoma mantegazziana (Penz.) Berl. & Voglino Chaetothyriaceae
Macrophoma musae (Sacc.) Berl. & Voglino Zukalia rubi Petch
Macrophoma theae Speschnew
Macrophoma theicola Petch Chionosphaeraceae
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Stilbum candidulum Peck
Macrosporium carotae (Ellis. & Langl.) J.A.Stev. & Wellman Stilbum durionis Petch
Macrosporium macalpineanum Sacc. & P. Syd. Stilbum nanum Massee
Neofusicoccum brasiliense M.W.Marques, A.J.L.Phillips Stilbum villosum
& Camara (Dissanayake, Yakandawala and Adikaram,
Unpublished work) Choanephoraceae
Nattrassia mangiferae (Syd. & P.Syd.) B.Sutton & Dyko Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxter
Phyllosticta antirrhinae Syd. Choanephora simsonii D.D.Cunn.
Phyllosticta antirrhini P.Syd.
Phyllosticta crotalariae Sacc. & Trotter Cladosporiaceae
Phyllosticta disciformis Penz. Cladosporium apicale Berk. & Broome
Phyllosticta erythrinae Petch Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fres.) de Vries
Phyllosticta grevilleae Gadd. Cladosporium compactiusculum Sacc. & P.Syd.
Cladosporium congestum Berk. & Broome
Phyllosticta heveae Henn.
Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
Phyllosticta linocierae Thüm.
Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link
Phyllosticta mayilae Petch
Cladosporium miyakei Sacc. & Trotter
Phyllosticta musarum (Cooke) Vander
Cladosporium versicolor T.E.T.Bond
Phyllosticta physaleos Sacc.
Phyllosticta piperis Henn. Clavicipitaceae
Phyllosticta ramicola Petch Balansia bambusae B. & Br.
Phyllosticta resedae Petch Balansia brevis (Berk. & Broome) Höhn.
Phyllosticta rottlerae (Berk. & Broome) Petch Epichloe cinera Berk. & Broome
Phyllosticta sapotae Sacc. Stereocrea schizostachyi Syd. & P.Syd.
Phyllosticta theae Speschnew
Phyllosticta theobromae J.V.Almeida & Sousa da Câmara Coleosporiaceae
Phyllosticta usteri Speg. Chrysomyxa bombacis Petch
Phyllosticta violae Desm. Ciliospora gelatinosa Zimm
Coleosporium balsaminae Syd.
Brachybasidiaceae Coleosporium erythrinae Petch
Kordyana commelinae Petch Coleosporium plumeriae Pat.
Calosphaeriaceae Corticiaceae
Calosphaeria sulcata Petch Corticium emplastrum Berk. & Broome
Corticium hypophyllum Petch
Ceratobasidiaceae Corticium invisum Petch
Rhizoctonia bataticola Taubenh Corticium pervagum Petch
Rhizoctonia solani J.G.Kühn Corticium salmonicolor Berk. & Broome
Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B.Frank) Donk Corticium solani (Prill. & Delacr.) Bourdot & Galzin
Cytidia hakgallae (Berk. & Broome) G.W.Martin
Ceratocystidaceae Laetisaria fuciformis (Berk.) Burds.
Ceratocystis paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc.
Chalara paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc. Corynesporascaceae
Chlamydomyces palmarum (Cooke) E.W. Mason Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei
Thielaviopsis paradoxa (De Seynes) Höhn.
Cronartiaceae
Ceratostomataceae Cronartium premnae Petch.
Melanospora zamiae Corda Endothia tropicalis Roane
Chaconiaceae Cucurbitariaceae
Goplana dioscoreae Cummins Pyrenochaeta nipponica De Not.
Chaetomiaceae Cyphellaceae
Chaetomium globosum Kunze Cyphella epileuca Berk. & Broom
Trichocladium olivaceum Petch Dendrocyphella setosa Petch
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Davidiellaceae Coniothecium chomatosporum Corda
Heterosporium tropaeoli T.E.T.Bond Coniosporium tetrantherae (Thüm.) Sacc.
Heterosporium wikstroemiae Petch Epicoccum theobromae Petch
Phoma aterrima Petch
Dermateaceae Phoma barringtoniae Cooke & Massee
Gloeosporium affine Sacc. Phoma camelliae Pass
Gloeosporium alborubrum Petch Phoma cocoicola Petch
Gloeosporium cocophilum Wakef. Phoma durionis Petch
Gloeosporium coffeanum Delacr. Phoma glumarum Ellis & Tracy
Gloeosporium cryptum Petch Phoma heveae Petch
Gloeosporium heveae Petch Phoma insidiosa Tassi
Gloeosporium holstii Henn. Phoma justiciae Petch
Gloeosporium impartiensis Petch Phoma macdonaldii Boerema
Gloeosporium litseae Petch Phoma murrayae Petch
Gloeosporium mangae F. Noack Phoma orchidearum Ces.
Gloeosporium mangiferae Henn.
Gloeosporium musarum Cooke & Massee Didymiaceae
Gloeosporium opuntiae Ellis & Everh. (Petch and Bisby, Diderma chondrioderma (de Bary & Rostaf.) G.Lister
1950) Diderma rugosum (Rex) T.Macbr.
Gloeosporium papayae Henn. Didymobotryum rigidum (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Gloeosporium phomoides Sacc.
Gloeosporium piperatum Ellis & Everh. Didymosphaeriaceae
Gloeosporium psidii Delacr. Didymosphaeria theae Petch
Gloeosporium vanillae Cooke Spegazzinia tessarthra (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc.
Niptera epiphytica Petch
Phlyctaena heveae Petch Dipodascaceae
Geotrichum candidum Link.
Diaporthaceae
Diaporthe citri F.A.Wolf Dothideomycetes (Family, Incertae sedis)
Diaporthe heveae Petch Septonema exaltatum Petch
Leptothyrium theae Petch Septonema olivaceonigrum Berk. & Broome
Phomopsis caricae papayae Petr. & Cif.
Phomopsis cocoes Petch Dothioraceae
Phomopsis lobeliae (Berk. & Broome) Petch Dothiora symploci Petch (Petch, 1926)
Phomopsis phaseoli Petch Metasphaeria cocoes Speg. (Petch and Bisby, 1950)
Phomopsis psidii Nag Raj & Ponnappa Metasphaeria nesodes (Berk. & Broome) Petr.(Petch,
Phomopsis theae Petch 1917)
Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & P.Syd.) Harter Metasphaeria plegmariae (Ces. & Becc.) Sacc. (Petch and
Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc. Bisby, 1950
Diatrypaceae Drepanopezizaceae
Diatrype chlorosarca Berk. & Broome Diplocarpon rosea Wolf.
Diatrype conferta Petch
Eutypa conjuncta Petch Elsinoaceae
Eutypa phaselina (Mont.) Sacc. Elsinoe canavaliae Racib.
Peroneutypa variabilis Petch Elsinoe fawcetti Bitanc. & Jenkins
Elsinoe theae Bitanc. & Jenkins
Didymellaceae Sphaceloma fawcetti Jenkins
Ascochyta abelmosehi Harter Zukaliopsis heveae Petch
Ascochyta cyphomandrae Petch
Ascochyta eyphomandrae Petch Englerulaceae
Ascochyta heveae Petch Capnodiastrum congestum Cooke & Massee
Ascochyta lobelia Petch
Entylomataceae
Ascochyta oleracea Ellis
Entyloma dahlia Syd. & P.Syd.
Ascochyta passiflorae Penz. & Sacc.
Entyloma fuscum J.Schröt.
Ascochyta pisi Lib.
Ascochyta rosicola Sacc. Eremotheciaceae
Ascochyta theae (Hara) Petch and Bisby Nematospora coryli Peglion
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Erysiphaceae Colletotrichum incarnatum Zimm.
Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Colletotrichum laticiphilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous
Erysiphe polygoni DC. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi &
Erysiphe quercicola S.Takam Cavara
Erysiphe sp. (Ratnayake et al., 2016b) Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Arx
Oidiopsis taurica (Lév.) E.S.Salmon Colletotrichum nigrum Ellis & Halst.
Oidium heveae B.A.Steinm. Colletotrichum nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa
Oidium mangiferae Berthet Bolm. Colletotrichum orchidearum Allesch.
Oidium nephelii Hadiw. Colletotrichum paucisetum Petch
Oidium quercinumThüm. Colletotrichum phomoides (Sacc.) Chester
Oidium tabaci Thüm. Colletotrichum piperis Petch
Oidium tingitaninum J.C.Carter Colletotrichum ricini Petch
Oidium tuckeri Berk. Colletotrichum seminicola (Berk. & Broome) Petch
Oospora aurantii Petch Colletotrichum siamense Prihast. L.Cai & K.D.Hyde
Oospora grisea Petch Colletotrichum simmondsii R.G.Shivas & Y.P.Tan
Oospora lactis (Fresen.) Sacc. Colletotrichum tropicale Rojas, Rehner & Samuels
Ovulariopsis moricola Delacr. Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D.Moore
Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lév. Colletotrichum urenae Petch
Colletotrichum zingiberis (Sundar.) E.J.Butler & Bisby.
Exidiaceae Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H.Schrenk.
Sebacina rufochracea Höhn. Glomerella gossypii Edgerton.
Glomerella musarum Petch
Exobasidiaceae
Glomerella piperata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H.Schrenk
Exobasidium cinnamomi Petch
Glomerella vanillae (Stoneman) Sacc. & Traverso
Exobasidium indicum Syd. P.Syd. & E.J.Butler
Exobasidium vaccinii (Fuckel) Woronin Glomosporiaceae
Exobasidium vexans Massee Sorosporium andropogonis-aciculati (Petch) Petch
Exobasidium zeylanicum Petch Sorosporium paspali McAlpine
Geoglossaceae Gomphaceae
Phaeoglossum zeylanicum Petch Pistillaria actiniceps (Petch) Corner
Ganodermataceae Graphiolaceae
Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. Graphiola phoenicis (Moug. ex Fr.) Poit
Ganoderma boninense Pat.
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P.Karst. Helicobasidiaceae
Gliocladium roseum Bainier Helicobasidium compactum (Boedijn) Boedijn
Tubercularia cansjerae Petch
Glomerellaceae
Tubercularia hibisci Petch
Colletotrichum acutatum J.H.Simmonds
Colletotrichum asianum Prihastuti, L.Cai & K.D.Hyde Tubercularia leguminicola Petch
Colletotrichum brachytrichum Delacr. Tubercularia nigromaculans Petch
Colletotrichum camelliae Massee Tuberculina persicina Ditmar
Colletotrichum capsici (Syd. & P.Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby
Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes Helminthosphaeriacea
Colletotrichum crotlariae Petch Ceratosporium productum Petch
Colletotrichum dracaenae Petch
Helotiaceae
Colletotrichum endophytica Manamgoda, Udayanga, Cai &
Gorgoniceps marginata Petch
Hyde
Colletotrichum erythrinae Koord. Hyaloscyphaceae
Colletotrichum ficus Koord. Helotiopsis apicalis (Berk. & Broome) Höhn
Colletotrichum fructicola Prihastuti, Cai & Hyde
Colletotrichum funtumiae Petch. Hydnaceae
Colletotrichum gigasporum Rakotonir. & Munaut Hydnum vagans Petch
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.
Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W.Wilson Hygrophoraceae
Colletotrichum heveae Petch Arrhenia minuta Petch
Colletotrichum higginsianum Sacc.
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Hymenochaetaceae Massariaceae
Hymenochaete pellicula Berk. & Broome Massaria theicola Petch
Phellinus lamaensis (Murrill) Pat.
Phellinus noxius (Corner) G.H.Cunn. Massarinaceae
Helminthosporium albizziae Petch
Hypocreaceae Helminthosporium extensum Petch
Clintoniella fusigera (Berk. & Broome) Petch Helminthosporium garciniae Petch
Hypocrea bambusae Berk. & Broome Helminthosporium heveae Petch
Hypocrea pezizoides Berk. & Broome Helminthosporium incurvatum C.Bernard
Helminthosporium nodulosum Berk. & M.A.Curtis ex Sacc.
Hypocreales (Family, Incertae sedis) Helminthosporium oryzae Breda de Haan
Trichothecium luteum Petch Helminthosporium ravenelii M.A.Curtis
Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah. Helminthosporium sacchari E.J.Butler
Helminthosporium solani McAlpine
Hyponectriaceae Helminthosporium turcicum Pass.
Hyponectria embeliae Petch Massarina biconica Petch
Hyponectria eugeniae Petch Stagonospora theicola Petch
Hyponectria memecyli Petch
Micronectria eugeniae Petch Melampsoraceae
Physalospora adianthi Höhn. Melampsora acalyphae Petch
Melampsora epitea Thüm
Hypoxylaceae Melampsora helioscopiae (Pers.) Castagne
Hypoxylon carneum Petch Melampsora ricini Pass.
Hypoxylon olivaceum Petch
Melanconidaceae
Hypoxylon vestitum Petch
Melanconium circumscissum (Berk. & Broome) Grove
Hysteriaceae Melanconium confusum (Berk. & Broome) Petch
Gloniella drynariae (B. & Br.) Masaee Melanconium dendrocalami Petch
Melanconium fructicola Petch
Lachnocladiaceae Melanconium palmarum Cooke
Lachnocladium aurantiacum (Berk. & Broome) Petch Melogramma lobeliae Petch
Lasiosphaeriaceae Melanopsaceae
Lasiosphaeria tephrocoma (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Melanops inflata (Cooke & Massee) Weese
Magnaporthaceae Meripilaceae
Magnaporthe grisea (T.T.Hebert) M.E.Barr Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imazeki
Magneporthe oryzae B.C.Couch. Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem
Magnaporthe salvinii (Catt.) R.A.Krause & R.K.Webster
Meruliaceae
Marasmiaceae Ceriporiopsis hypolateritius (Berk. ex Cooke) Ryvarden
Marasmius crinis-equi F.Muell. ex Kalchbr. Merulius eurocephalus (Berk. & Broome) Petch
Marasmius equicrinis F.Muell. ex Berk. Merulius gelatinosus Lloyd
Marasmius leveillianus (Berk.) Sacc. & Trotter
Marasmius pulcher (Berk. & Broome) Petch Microbotryaceae
Marasmius stenophyllus (Mont.) Singer Sphacelotheca hydropiperis (Schumach.) de Bary
Sphacelotheca monilifera (Ellis & Everh.) G.P.Clinton
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Sphacelotheca nardi (Syd. & P.Syd.) Zundel Cercospora rodmanii Conway
Sphacelotheca sorghi (Link) Clinton Cercospora rosicola Pass.
Sphacelotheca spermoidea (Berk. & Broome) Mundk. Cercospora sesame Zimm.
Cercospora solani Thüm
Micropeltidaceae Cercospora subsessilis Syd. & P.Syd.
Micropeltella confluens Petch Cercospora ternateae Petch
Cercospora theae Breda de Haan
Microthyriaceae Cercospora tiglii Henn.
Calothyrium reticulatum Petch Cercospora viticola Sacc.
Monorhizina filicina (Berk. & Broome) Theiss. & Syd. Cercospora woodfordiae Petch
Cercospora zinnia Ellis & G.Martin
Mikronegeriaceae
Cercospora ziziphi Petch
Blastospora hedyotidis Petch
Cercosporella brassicae (Fautrey & Roum.) Höhn
Mucoraceae Cercosporella crataevae (Berk. & Broome)
Rhizopus artocarpi (Berk. & Broome) Boedijn Cercosporella theae Petch
Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Isariopsis griseola Sacc.
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrheb.) Vuill. Microcyclus walsurae Syd. & P.Syd.
Mycosphaerella camelliae Petch
Mycenaceae Mycosphaerella citrullina (Chester) Grossenb.
Mycena aculeifera Petch Mycosphaerells fijiensis Morelett
Mycena farinose Petch Mycospharella eumusae Crous & Mour.
Mycena illuminans Henn. Mycospherella henningsii Sivan.
Mycena longiseta Höhn. Oligostroma strychni Petch
Mycena paediscula Berk. & Broome Ovularia aurantii McAlpine
Ovularia bixae Racib.
Mycosphaerellaceae Ovularia veronicae Dufrenoy
Arthrobotryum glochidii Petch Phaeophleospora elaeocarpi Rangel
Asperisporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl. Ramularia areola G.F.Atk.
Cercospora averrhoae Petch Septoria apii Chester
Cercospora beticola Sacc. Septoria arisaemae Petch
Cercospora blumeae Thüm. Septoria cocoes Petch
Cercospora brassicicola P.Henn. Septoria dianthi (Alb. & Schwein.) Desm.
Cercospora bruceae Petch Septoria drummondii Ellis & Everh.
Cercospora calpurniae Petch Septoria graminum Desm.
Cercospora capsici É.J.Marchal & Steyaert Septoria lactucae Pass.
Cercospora cardiospermi Petch Septoria lactucae Peck
Cercospora carotae (Pass.) Solheim Septoria lycopersici Sacc.
Cercospora cearae Petch. Septoria nesodes Kalchbr.
Cercospora cordobensis Speg. Septoria obesa Syd. & P.Syd.
Cercospora cruenta Sacc. Septoria violae Westd.
Cercospora dilleniae Petch Sphaerella citricola McAlpine
Cercospora dioscoreae Ellis & G.Martin Sphaerella cleidii Sacc.
Cercospora gossypina Cooke Sphaerella crotalariae Petch
Cercospora henningsii Allesc Sphaerella depazeiformis (Auersw.) Ces. & De Not.
Cercospora hibisci Tracy & Earle Sphaerella fragariae (Tul. & C.Tul.) Sacc.
Cercospora hiptages Sphaerella gastonis Sacc.
Cercospora iteodaphnes (Thüm.) Sacc. Sphaerella heveae Petch
Cercospora janseana (Racib.) Constant. Sphaerella lobeliae Pass.
Cercospora medicaginis Ellis & Everh. Sphaerella rosigena Ellis & Everh.
Cercospora melongenae Welles Sphaerella senecionis Petch
Cercospora musae Massee Sphaerella spinicola Pass.
Cercospora nicotianae Ellis & Everh. Sphaerella vernoniae Petch
Cercospora oryzae I.Miyake Sphaerulina mappiae (Petch) Bond
Cercospora personata (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Ellis
Cercospora piaropi Tharp Myelospermataceae
Cercospora pseudarthriae Petch Myelosperma tumidum Syd. & P.Syd.
Cercospora ricinella Sacc. & Berl.
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Nectriaceae Parodiellaceae
Actinostilbe vanilla Petch Parodiella perisporioides (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Speg.
Calonectria theae Loos
Cylindrocladium pithecolobii Petch Parodiopsidaceae
Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum Boedijn & Reitsma Balladyna butleri Syd. & P.Syd.
Fusarium acuminatum Wollenw. Dimerosporina amomi (Berk. & Broome) Höhn.
Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc.
Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. Patellariaceae
Fusarium decemecellulare Brick Patellaria purpurea Petch
Fusarium epithele McAlpine
Fusarium graminearum Schwabe Peniophoraceae
Fusarium heterosporum Nees & T.Nees Peniophora decidua Petch
Fusarium mangiferae Britz, M.J.Wingf. & Marasas Peniophora fracta Petch
Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon
Fusarium orchidis Petch Pezizomycotina (Family, Incertae sedis
Fusarium oxysporium pv. dianthi Actinonema rosae (Lib.) Fr.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.Cepae Arthrobotryum infundibuliforme Petch
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubenase (Foc). Ceratophorum albizziae Petch
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 1 Ceratophorum setosum Kirchn.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Nicotianae Cytosporella discoidea Petch
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.Niveum Helicostilbe simplex Petch
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Hormiactis rosea Petch
Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc. Lacellina graminicola (Berk. & Broome) Petch
Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg Leptostromella swertiae Petch
Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Ravenel Moniliochaetes infuscans Halst. ex Harter
Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Peltistromella anomala Petch
Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae M.A.Salam & P.N.Rao
Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenw. Pleocyta sacchari (Massee) Petrak & Sydow
Gliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum J.A.Mey Podosporium sparsum (Berk. & Broome) Petch
B.J.Willey & F.G.Simmons Septogloeum dumasiae Petch
Monosporium squamicola (Berk. & Broome) Petch Septogloeum limoniae Petch
Nectria albofulta Petch Septogloeum mappiae Petch
Nectria bambusae Berk. & Broome Sirothecium globosum Petch
Nectria bomba Petch Sphaeronaema album Petch
Nectria haematococca Berk. & Broome Sphaeronaema nigrum Petch
Nectria lucida Höhn. Sporodesmium striatum Petch
Nectria pulcherrima Berk. & Broome Zygosporium oscheoides Mont.
Nectria striatospora Zimm. Zythia bicolor (Berk. & Broome) Cooke & Massee
Neocosmospora ambrosia (Gadd & Loos) L.Lombard &
Phaeochoraceae
Crous
Phaeochora calamigena (Berk. & Broome) Theiss. & Syd.
Neocosmospora vasinfecta E.F.Smith
Ophionectria anomala Petch Phaeosphaeriaceae
Sphaerostilbe repens Berk. & M.A.Curtis Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces.
Hendersonia confluens Petch
Nitschkiaceae Hendersonia heveae Petch
Bertia tessellatea Petch Hendersonia macrospora Petch
Fracchiaea depressa Petch Hendersonia obesa Petch
Fracchiaea hystricula (Berk. & Broome) Petch Hendersonia rosicola Petch
Hendersonia sacchari E.J.Butler
Orbiliaceae Hendersonia symploci Berk. & Broome
Monacrosporium ovatum Petch Ophiobolus oryzinus Sacc.
Phaeodothis isachnes Petch
Parmulariaceae
Cocconia placenta (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Phaeodothis sparsa Petch
Dothidasteroma maculosum (Berk. & Broome) Höhn Phakopsoraceae
Monorhiza nervisequia (Sacc.) Theiss. & Syd.
Catenulopsora flacourtiae Mundk. & Thirum.
Parmulina exsculpta (Berk.) Theiss. & Syd. Cerotelium fici (Castagne) Arthur
233
Crossopsora ziziphi Syd., P.Syd. & E.J.Butler) Syd. & P.Syd. Plectosphaerellaceae
Phakopsora desmium Cummins Verticillium niveum Petch
Phakopsora vitis P.Syd. Verticillium theobromae (Turc.) E.W.Mason & S.Hughes
Phanerochaetaceae Pleosporaceae
Irpex destruens Petch Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.
Irpex flavus (Jungh.) Kalchbr. Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.
Irpex subvinosus (Berk. & Broome) Petch Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire
Alternaria carotae (Ellis & Langl.) J.A.Stev. & Wellman
Phomatosporaceae Alternaria herculean (Ellis & G.Martin) A.Elliott
Phaeaspis gomphispora (Berk. & Broome) Clem. & Shear Alternaria oleracea Milb.
Alternaria padwickii (Ganguly) M.B.Ellis
Phragmidiaceae Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciffer
Gymnoconia patouillardi Trotter Alternaria solani (Ellis & G.Martin) L.R.Jones
Kuehneola aliena Syd., P.Syd. & E.J.Butler Alternaria tinuis Nees
Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.) Schltdl. Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker
Phragmidium orientale Syd. & P.Syd. Cerebella andropogonis Ces.
Phragmidium subcorticium (Schrank) G.Winter Cerebella anthistiriae Petch
Phragmidium zeylanicum Petch Cerebella cynodontis Syd.
Cerebella inquinans (Berk. & Broome) Petch
Phyllachoraceae Cerebella ischaemi Petch
Catacauma aspideum (Berk.) Theiss. & Syd. Cerebella sorghii Tracy & Earle
Catacauma gracillimum (Speg.) Theiss. & Syd. Cochliobolus miyabeanus (S.Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex
Catacauma infectorium (Cooke) Theiss. & Syd. Dastur
Catacauma microcentum (Berk. & Broome) Theiss. & Syd. Curvularia fallax Boedijn
Catacauma repens (Corda) Theiss. & Syd. Curvularia hawaiiensis (Bugnic. ex M.B.Ellis) Manamgoda,
Neobarclaya congesta (Berk. & Broome) Petch L.Cai & K.D.Hyde
Phyllachora andropogonis P.Karst. & Har. Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn
Phyllachora catervaria (Berk.) Sacc. Curvularia pallescens Boedijn
Phyllachora cyperi Rehm Curvularia tuberculata B.L.Jain
Phyllachora dolichogena (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Drechslera graminae (Rabenh.) S.Ito
Phyllachora glycosmidis Petch Drechslera rostrata (Drechsler) M.J.Richardson & E.M.
Phyllachora graminis (Pers.) Fuckel Fraser
Phyllachora hibisci Rehm
Phyllachora hugoniae Theiss. & Syd. Pleosporomycetidae (Family, Incertae sedis)
Phyllachora incarcerate (Berk.) Sacc. Sporocybe compacta Petch
Phyllachora ixorae Theiss. & Syd.
Phyllachora pongamiae (Berk. & Broome) Petch Pleurostomataceae
Phyllachora stenospora (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Pleurostomophora richardsiae (Nannf.) L.
Phyllachora tetrantherae (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Phyllachora thwaitesii (Berk.) Sacc. Polyporaceae
Phyllachora tragiae (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc. Fomes applanatus (Pers.) Gillet
Phyllachora vanderystii Theiss. & Syd. Fomes caryophylli (Racib.) Bres.
Phyllachora winkleri Syd. & P. Syd. Fomes floccosus (Bres.) Lloyd
Placostroma elettariae (Berk. & Broome) Theiss. & Syd. Fomes lamaoensis (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter (Petch and
Rehmiodothis osbeckiae (Berk. & Broome) Theiss. & H.Sydow Bisby, 1950)
Fomes lignosus (Klotzsch) Bres.
Physalacriaceae Fomes lucidus (Curtis) Cooke
Armillaria fuscipes Petch Fomes noxius Corner
Armillaria mellea Vahl Polyporus mesotalpae Lloyd
Poria hypolateritia Berk. ex Cooke
Physodermataceae
Poria rubrochorda Petch
Physoderma maydis (Miyabe) Miyabe
Trametes corrugate (Pers.) Bres.
Trametes mollis (Sommerf.) Fr.
Pileolariaceae
Tremella moriformis Sm. & Sowerby
Ctenoderma toddaliae (Petch) Syd.
Skierka petchii (Syd.) Mains Polystomellaceae
Dothidella calophylli Petch
Marchalia spurcaria (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
234
Pseudoperisporiaceae Uromyces pseudarthriae Cooke
Lizonia orbis (Berk.) Petch Uromyces rumicis (Schumach.) G.Winter
Uromyces scleriae Henn.
Pterulaceae Uromyces setariae-italicae Yoshino
Pterula xylogena (Berk. & Broome) Petch Uromyces sojae (Henn.) Syd. & P. Syd.
Uromyces vestergreni P. Syd. & Syd.
Pucciniaceae Uromyces vignae Barclay
Cystopsora oleae E.J.Butler Xenostele echinacea (Berk.) Syd. & P.Syd.
Puccinia abutili Berk. & Broome Xenostele litseae (Pat.) Syd. & P.Syd.
Puccinia anaphalidis (Miyabe) Sacc. & Trotter
Puccinia arenariae (Schumach.) G.Winter Pucciniales (Family, Incertae sedis)
Puccinia congesta Berk. & Broome Hemileia phaji (Racib.) P. Syd. & Syd.
Puccinia crepidis-japonicae (Lindr.) Dietel Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Broome
Puccinia cynodontis Lacroix ex Desm. Hemileia wrightiae (Racib.) Racib.
Puccinia droogensis E.J.Butler Uredo amomi Petch
Puccinia duthiae Ellis & Tracy Uredo andropogonis-zeylanici Petch
Puccinia eragrostidis Petch Uredo anthistiriae Petch
Puccinia exhauriens Thüm. Uredo anthistiriae-tremulae Petch
Puccinia ferruginea Lév. Uredo argyreiae Petch
Puccinia flaccida Lév. Uredo artocarpi Berk. & Broome
Puccinia heterospora Berk. & M.A.Curtis Uredo callicarpae Petch
Puccinia isachnes (Petch) Petch Uredo caricicola Petch
Puccinia kuehnii (W.Krüger) E.J.Butler Uredo cassiae-bicapsularis Petch
Puccinia kusanoi Dietel Uredo cassiae-glaucae Syd. & P.Syd.
Puccinia longicornis Pat. & Har. Uredo chasaliae Petch
Puccinia mysorensis Syd., P.Syd. & E.J.Butler Uredo clerodendricola Vienn.-Bourg.
Puccinia nakanishikii Dietel Uredo commelinae Speg.
Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis Doidge Uredo cudraniae Petch
Puccinia penniseti Barclay Uredo cymbopogonis-polyneuri Petch
Puccinia phyllocladiae Cooke Uredo dendrocalami Petch
Puccinia pogonatheri Petch Uredo desmodii-pulchelli Syd. & P.Syd.
Puccinia polygonii-amphibii Pers. Uredo dianellae Dietel
Puccinia pruni-spinosae Pers. Uredo dioscoreae-alatae Racib.
Puccinia purpurea Cooke Uredo dioscoreae-sativae Syd. & P.Syd.
Puccinia romagnoliana Maire & Sacc. Uredo dregiae Petch
Puccinia ruelliae Lagerh. Uredo elephantopodis Petch
Puccinia rufipes Dietel Uredo emiliae-zeylanicae Petch
Puccinia shiraiana P. Syd. Uredo erythrinae Henn.
Puccinia sonchii Roberge ex Desm. Uredo gynurae Petch
Puccinia sorghi Schwein. Uredo hemidesmi Petch
Puccinia spongiosa Berk. & Broome Uredo hyperici-japonici Petch
Puccinia substriata Ellis & Barthol. Uredo hyperici-mysorensis Petch
Puccinia tabernaemontanae Berk. & Broome Uredo ignobilis Syd. & P. Syd.
Puccinia thwaitesii Berk. Uredo ischaemi-ciliaris Petch
Puccinia uralensis Tranzschel Uredo lipocarphae Syd. & P. Syd.
Puccinia vernoniae-scariosae Petch Uredo lophantheri Petch
Uromyces anotidis Petch Uredo marisci Petch
Uromyces apludae Syd. & E.J.Butler Uredo meliosmae Petch
Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Lév. Uredo microglossae Petch
Uromyces bidentis Lagerh. Uredo momordicae Petch
Uromyces blainvilleae Berk. Uredo ochlandrae Petch
Uromyces decorates Syd. & P. Syd. Uredo operta Syd. P.Syd. & E.J.Butler
Uromyces dianthi (Pers.) Niessl Uredo ophiopogonis Syd. & P. Syd.
Uromyces echinulatus Niessl Uredo ophiorrhizae Petch
Uromyces fabae de Bary ex Cooke Uredo panici-montani Petch
Uromyces hobsoni Vize Uredo panici-villosi Petch
Uromyces linearis Berk. & Broome Uredo paspali-longiflori Petch
Uromyces mucunae Rabenh. Uredo paspali-perrottetii Petch
235
Uredo paspali-scrobiculati Syd. & P.Syd. Septobasidium rimulosum Petch & Couch
Uredo phyllanthi-longifolii Petch Septobasidium scabiosum Couch & Petch ex L.D.Gómez &
Uredo phyllanthi-reticulati Petch Henk
Uredo pouzolziae Syd. & P. Syd. Septobasidium suffultum (Berk. & Broome) Pat.
Uredo pseudocannae Cummins Septobasidium theae Boedijn & B.A.Steinm
Uredo sissoo Syd., P.Syd. & E.J.Butler Septobasidium thwaitesii (Berk. & Broome) Pat.
Uredo socotrae Syd. & P.Syd. Septofusidium elegantulum (Pidopl.) W.Gams
Uredo sopubiae Petch Uredinella spinulosa Couch & Petch
Uredo tectonae Racib.
Uredo tephrosiae Rabenh. Seuratiaceae
Uredo trichosanthes Petch Atichia millardeti Racib
Uredo vernoniicola Petch
Sordariomycetes (Family, Incertae sedis)
Pucciniastraceae Rhopographella ochlandrae Petch
Pucciniastrum agrimoniae (Dietel) Tranzschel Rhynchosphaeria sepulta Petch
Pucciniastrum boehmeriae (Dietel) Syd. & P.Syd.
Sphaerophragmiaceae
Punctulariaceae Hapalophragmium derridis Syd. & P.Syd.
Punctularia atropurpurascens (Berk. & Broome) Petch Hapalophragurium ponderosum Syd., P.Syd. & E.J. Butler
Nyssopsora thwaitesii (Berk. & Broome) Syd.
Pyriculariaceae
Pyricularia oryzae Cavara Stachybotryaceae
Myrothecium roridum Tode
Raveneliaceae
Diorchidium laevigatum Syd. & E.J.Butler Stereaceae
Diorchidium orientale Syd., P.Syd. & E.J.Butler Stereum thwaitesii (Berkeley & Broome) Petch
Diorchidium polyalthiae Syd. & P. Syd
Ravenelia aculeifera Berk. Stictidaceae
Ravenelia berkeleyi Mundk. & Thirum. Stictis radiata (L.) Pers.
Ravenelia breyniae-patentis Thirum. & Mundk.
Ravenelia emblicae Syd. & P.Syd. Strophariaceae
Ravenelia hobsoni Cooke Flammula dilepis (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Ravenelia sessilis Berk. Pholiota badia Petch
Ravenelia stictica Berk. & Broome
Taphrinaceae
Rhytismataceae Taphrina cornu-cervi Giesenh.
Hypodermella symploci Petch Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul.
Lophodermium fourcroyae (Berk. & Broome) Massee Taphrina laurencia Giesenh.
Terriera furcraeae (Berk. & Broome) P.R.Johnst. Taphrina maculans E.J.Butler
Sarcosomataceae Thelephoraceae
Sarcosoma thwaitesii (Berk. & Broome) Petch Skepperia zeylanica Petch
Thyridariaceae
Sarocladiaceae
Thyridaria pteridis Petch
Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W.Gams & D.Hawksw
Thyridium flavum Petch
Sclerotiniaceae
Thyridiaceae
Botrytis cinerea Pers.
Bivonella chrysomella (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Tilletiaceae
Tilletia ayresii Berk.
Septobasidiaceae
Septobasidium accumbans (Berk. & Broome) Bres. Trichosphaeriaceae
Septobasidium aligerum Petch Brachysporium torulosum Syd.
Septobasidium boedijnii Couch
Septobasidium bogoriense Pat. Trichocomaceae
Septobasidium curtisii (Berk. & Desm.) Boedijn & Coremium compressum (Berk. & Broome) Petch
B.A.Steinm. Talaromyces purpurogenus (Stoll) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad
Septobasidium petchii Couch ex L.D.Gómez & Henk & Seifert
236
Tricholomataceae Fungal-like organisms
Clitocybe nigra Petch (Kingdom: Chromista, Phylum: Oomycota)
Trichosphaeriaceae Albugiaceae
Trichosphaeria fasciculifera Petch Albugo candida (Pers. Ex. Lev.) Kuntze.
Trichosphaeria sparsibarba Petch Cystopus bliti (Biv.) Lév.
Cystopus candidus (Pers. ex J.F.Gmel.) Lév.
Tubeufiaceae Cystopus ipomoeae-panduratae (Schwein.) J.A.Stev. &
Helicoma recurvum Petch Swingle
Cystopus platensis Speg.
Typhulaceae Cystopus portulacae (DC. ex Duby) Lév.
Sclerotium oryzae Catt.
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Peronosporaceae
Peronospora parasitica (Pers.) de Bary
Ustilaginaceae Phytophthora arecae (L.C.Coleman) Pethybr.
Pericladium grewiae Pass. Phytophthora botryosa (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Rostovzev
Ustilago anthistiriae Petch Phytophthora capsici Leonian
Ustilago coicis Bref. Phytophthora citricola Sawada
Ustilago digitariae (Kunze) Rabenh. Phytophthora colocasiae Racib
Ustilago linearis (Berk. & Broome) Petch Phytophthora heveae A.W.Thompson
Ustilago scitaminea Sydow. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary
Ustilago tonglinensis Tracy & Earle Phytophthora meadii McRae
Phytophthora palmivora (E.J.Butler) E.J.Butler
Valsaceae Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotiane (Breda de Haan)
Laestadia jasmine Petch Tucker
Laestadia pertusa (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Phytophthora phaseoli Thaxt.
Laestadia traversi Cavara Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Berl. & De Toni
Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berkeley & Curtis)
Valsariaceae
Rostovtsev
Valsaria cinnamomi (Ces.) Sacc.
Venturiaceae Pythiaceae
Fusicladium pongamiae Syd. & P.Syd. Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.
Phaeosphaerella theae Petch Pythium graminicola Subraman.
Venturia emergens Petch Pythium myriotylum Drechsler
Pythium ultimum Drechsler
Vizellaceae Pythium vexans de Bary
Vizella guaranitica Speg.
Xylariaceae
Anthostomella destruens Shear
Anthostomella palmarum Petch
Astrocystis mirabilis Berk. & Broome
Kretzschmaria micropus (Fr.) Sacc.
Kretzschmaria sphaerocephala Petch
Nemania diffusa (Sowerby) Gray
Nummularia porosa Petch
Penzigia placenta Petch
Rosellinia arcuata Petch
Rosellinia bunodes (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Rosellinia caudata Petch
Rosellinia decidua Petch
Rosellinia obtusa Petch
Seynesia ipomoeae Syd. & P.Syd.
Ustulina deusta (Hoffm.) Maire
Ustulina zonata (Lév.) Sacc.
Xylaria ianthino-velutina (Mont.) Mont.
Xylaria thwaitesii Berk. & Cooke
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Checklist 2
AGARIC FLORA OF SRI LANKA
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Orders: Aphyllophorales, Cantharellales, Agaricales, Boletales, Russlales
Agaricus actinorachis Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Calocybe theiochroa (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Broome, 1871) Camarophyllus caesius (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Agaricus bolorhizus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Camarophyllus nivosus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Broome, 1871) Camarophyllus singularis (Hoehnel) Singer (Singer, 1973)
Agaricus callipeplus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Campanella purpureobadia Petch (Petch, 1926)
Broome, 1871) Campanella pustulata (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Agaricus chloroconius Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Campanella simulans (Pat.) Singer (Singer, 1945)
Broome, 1871) Cantharellus humilis Berk. & Br.
Agaricus crocopeplus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and (Berkeley and Broome, 1873)
Broome, 1871) Chaetocalathus semisupinus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler
Agaricus endoxanthus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and (Pegler, 1986)
Broome, 1871) Clarkeinda trachodes (Berk.) Singer (Singer, 1949)
Agaricus flavidorufus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Claudopus repens Petch (Petch, 1922)
Broome, 1871) Clitocybe flavescens Petch (Petch, 1926) Clitocybe petchii
Agaricus hemilasius Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Broome, 1871) Clitocybe pyraces (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Agaricus lasiophrys Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Clitopilus apalus (Berk. & Br.) Petch (Petch, 1917) Clitopilus
Broome,1871) peri (Berk. & Br.) Petch (Petch, 1917)
Agaricus lituratus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Collybia chrysoropha (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Broome, 1871) Collybia cubistes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Agaricus petchii Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Collybia diminuta (Berk & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Agaricus rufoalbus Berk. (Berkeley, 1847) Collybia leucophaea (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Agaricus simulans Berk. (Berkeley, 1847) Collybia multijuga (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Agaricus spilocephalus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Collybia nephelodes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Broome, 1871) Collybia purpureogrisea (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Agaricus stadii (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Collybia rufipicta (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Agaricus tornocephalus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Collybia sublaccata (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Broome, 1871) Conocybe abjecta (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Agrocybe badia (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Conocybe phaedropis (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Agrocybe peradenica Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Conocybe siennophylla (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1962)
Agrocybe semiorbicularis (Bull.) Fayod (Fayod, 1889). Conocybe tenera (Schaeff. Fayod (Kühner, 1935)
Alboleptonia hyalodepas (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1983) Conocybe zeylanica (Petch) Boed. (Boedijn, 1951b)
Alboleptonia stylophora (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Copelandia cyanescens (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1949)
Amanita angustilamellata (Hoehnel) Boedijn Coprinus brunneofibrillosus Dennis (Dennis, 1961)
(Boedijn, 1951a) Coprinus castaneus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Amanita elata (Massee) Corner & Bas. Broome, 1871)
(Corner and Bas, 1962) Coprinus disseminatus (Pers.) Gray (Gray, 1821)
Amanita hemibapha (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Coprinus fibrillosus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Broome, 1871)
Amanita manicula (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Coprinus fimbriatus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Amyloflagellula pulchra (Berk. & Br.) Singer (1966) Broome, 1871)
Anthracophyllum nigritum (Lev.) Kalchbr. Coprinus furfurellus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
(Kalchbrenner, 1881) Coprinus hiascens (Fr.) Quel. (Quelet, 1888)
Armillaria fuscipes Petch (Petch, 1909) Coprinus macrocephalus (Berk.) Berk. (Berkeley and
Bolbitius fissus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Broome, 1871) Broome, 1871)
Bolbitius glaucopurpureus (Berk. & Br.) Coprinus macropus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Kuehner ex Watl. & Gregory (Pegler, 1986) Broome, 1871)
Calocybe charistera (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Coprinus pachyterus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Calocybe rubrocyanea (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Broome, 1871)
Coprinus paleocephalus Redhead & Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
238
Coprinus plicatilis (Curtis) Fr. (Fries, 1838) Hymenagaricus alphitochrous (Berk. & Br.) Heinem.
Coprinus setulosus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Broome, (Heinemann, 1981).
1871) Hymenagaricus subaeruginosus (Berk. & Br.) Heinem. &
Crepidotus citrinus Petch (Petch, 1924) Little Flower (Heinemann, 1884)
Crepidotus epicrocinus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Hypholoma subviride (Berk. & Br.) Dennis (Dennis, 1961)
Crepidotus grumosopiloses (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. Inocybe cutifracta Petch (Petch, 1917)
(Saccardo, 1887) Inocybe fuscospinulosa Corner & Horak (Horak, 1980)
Crepidotus melleus (Berk. & Br.) Petch (Petch, 1924) Inocybe petchii Boedijn (Boedijn, 1951b)
Crepidotus pezizula (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Pegler, 1986) Inopilus brunneus (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Crepidotus reversus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1881) Inopilus infundibuliformis (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Crepidotus subepicrocinus Pilat (Pilat, 1950) Inopilus virescens (Berk. & Curt.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Crepidotus velutinus Petch (Petch, 1924) Laccaria lateritia Malenc. (Malençon, 1966)
Crinipellis actinophora (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1955)
Lactocollybia epia (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Crinipellis multicolor (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lentinellus pseudobarbatus (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Crinipellis omotricha (Berk.) Reid (Reid, 1975)
Cystoderma granulosum (Batsch Fayod (Fayod, 1889) Lentinus ciliatus Lev. (Léveillé, 1844)
Cystolepiota ompnera (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Lentinus connatus Berk. (Berkeley, 1842)
Lentinus giganteus Berk. (Berkeley, 1847)
Cystolepiota pseudogranulosa (Berk. & Br.) Pegler
Lentinus polychrous Lev. (Léveillé, 1844)
(Pegler, 1986) Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr. (Fries, 1838)
Delicatula hyalina (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Lentinus similis Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Broome, 1873)
Dermoloma scotodes (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. (1842) (Montagne, 1842)
Dictyopanus pusillus (Pers. ex Lev.) Singer (Singer, 1945) Lentinus strigosus (Schwein.) Fr. (Fries, 1825)
Favolaschia minima (Jungh.) Singer (Singer, 1945) Lentinus torulosus (Pers.) Lloyd (Lloyd, 1913)
Favolaschia thwaitesii (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1945) Lentinus tuberregium (Singer) Pegler (Fries, 1832)
Filoboletus manipularis (Berk.) Singer (Singer, 1945) Lentinus velutinus Fr. (Fries, 1830)
Flammulaster fulvoalbus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Lepiota alopochroa (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Galerella microphues (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Lepiota anthomyces (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1886)
Galerina sulciceps (Berk.) Boedijn (Boedijn, 1951b) Lepiota apalochroa (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Gerronema holochlorum (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Lepiota carpophylla (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Gimnopilus dilepis (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1949) Lepiota ceramogenes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1886)
Gloeocantharellus lateritius (Petch) Corner (Corner, 1969) Lepiota citrophylla (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Gloiocephala albocapitata (Petch) Singer (1960) Lepiota columbicolor (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Gloiocephala helisca (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Lepiota epicharis (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Gymnopilus crocias (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1962) Lepiota eriphaea (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Gymnopilus oxylepis (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1962)
Lepiota erythrogamma (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hebeloma’ trachysporium Petch (Petch, 1925)
Lepiota erythrosticta (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hemimycena perone (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota flagellata (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hohenbuehelia testudo (Berk.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota holospilota (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hydropus anthidepas (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1982)
Lepiota leontoderes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hydropus cystidiatus (Corner) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota lepidophora (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hydropus porphyrodes (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota leprica (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe alliciens (Berk. & Br) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota metabola (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe alwisii (Berk. & Br) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota metulispora (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe anisa (Berk. & Br) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Lepiota micropholis (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe apala (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler and Lepiota oenocephala (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Rayner, 1969) Lepiota pardalota (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe cinerascens (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Lepiota paroena (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.) P. Kumm (Kummer, 1871) Lepiota phlyctaenodes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe dimorpha (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Lepiota plumbicolor (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe diversicolor (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Lepiota pselliophora (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe elegantissima (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota pyrrhaes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe firma (Berk. & Br) Singer (Singer, 1958)
Lepiota revelata (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe miniata (Fr.) Kummer (Kummer, 1871)
Lepiota rhyparophora (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe roseostriata (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota spongodes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe similis (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota thrombophora (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Hygrocybe tricolor (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota viridiflava Petch (Petch, 1917)
Hygrocybe tricoloroides Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Lepiota viriditincta (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
239
Lepista hyalodes (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Marasmius heamatocaphalus (Mont.) Fr. (Fries, 1838)
Lepista sordida (Fr.) Singer (Singer, 1949) Marasmius hypochroides Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Leptonia elaphines (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Broome, 1873)
Leptonia gnaphalodes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Marasmius lateritius Petch (Petch, 1947)
Leptonia gnophodes (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Marasmius leveillianus (Berk.) Pat. (Pegler, 1986)
Leptonia iodnephes (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Marasmius micraster Petch (Petch, 1947)
Marasmius nigrobrunneus (Pat.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1895)
Leptonia purpurea (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Marasmius nummularius Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Leptonia serrulata.(Fr.) P. Kumm. (Kummer, 1871) Broome, 1873)
Leucocoprinus birnbaumii (Corda) Singer (Singer, 1962) Marasmius ochraceus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Leucocoprinus cepistipes (Sow:Fr.) Pat. (Patouillard, 1889) Broome, 1873)
Leucocoprinus fragillissimus (Rav.) Pat. (Patouillard, 1888) Marasmius pellucidus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Leucocoprinus zeylanicus (Berk) Boedijn (Boedijn, 1940) Broome, 1873)
Limacella anomologa (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Marasmius rigidichorda Petch (Petch, 1947)
Limacella myxodictyon (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Marasmius rotalis Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Broome, 1873)
Macrolepiota dolichaula (Berk. & Br.) Pegler & Rayner Marasmius subconiatus Petch (Petch, 1947)
(Pegler and Rayner, 1969) Marasmius tenuissimus (Junghuhn) Singer (Singer, 1976)
Marasmiellus calami (Petch) Singer (Singer, 1955) Marasmius thwaitesii Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Marasmiellus corticigenus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Broome, 1873)
Marasmiellus delicius (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Marasmius tortipes Berk. & Curt.
Marasmiellus epochnous (Berk. & Curt.) Singer (1955) (Berkeley and Curtis, 1869)
Marasmiellus flosculus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Marasmius tubulatus Petch (Petch, 1947)
Marasmiellus goossensiae (Beeli) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Marasmius viridicarneus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Marasmiellus hirtellus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Melanoleuca conspurcata (Berk. & Br.) Pegler
Marasmiellus ignobilis (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Pegler, 1977) (Pegler, 1986)
Marasmiellus nigripes (Schwein.) Singer (Singer, 1948) Melanophyllum echinatum (Roth) Singer (Singer, 1949)
Marasmiellus paspali (Petch) Singer (Singer, 1955) Melanotus phaeophyllus (Berk.) Pilat (Pilat, 1950)
Marasmiellus petchii Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Melanotus proteus (Kalchbr.) Singer (Singer, 1946)
Marasmiellus purpureoalbus (Petch) Singer (Singer, 1962) Micropsalliota arginea (Berk. & Br.) Pegler & Rayner
Marasmiellus salmonicolor (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) (Pegler, and Rayner, 1969)
Marasmiellus senescens (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Micropsalliota erythrospila (Berk. & Br.) Pegler
Marasmiellus stypinoides (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) (Pegler, 1986)
Marasmiellus stypinus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Micropsalliota plumaria (Berk. & Br.) Hoehnel
Marasmiellus subaurantiacus (Berk. & Br.) (Höhnel, 1914)
Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Mniopetalum furfuraceum (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Marasmius atrorubens (Berk.) Berk. (Montagne, 1854) Mycena alphitophora (Berk.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Marasmius brunneolus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Mycena auroricolor (Berk. & Br.) Petch (Petch, 1944)
Marasmius calvus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Broome, 1873) Mycena chlorophos (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Marasmius caryotae (Berk.) Petch (Petch, 1910) Mycena clavulifera (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Marasmius confertus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Mycena lamprospora Corner ex Horak (Horak, 1978)
Broome, 1873) Mycena longiseta Hoehnel (Höhnel, 1909)
Marasmius coniatus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Mycena paediscula (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Broome, 1873) Mycena pallidorubens (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Marasmius crinisequi F.Muell. ex Kalchbr. Mycena stylobates (Pers.) Kummer (Kummer, 1871)
(Kalchbrenner, 1880) Neopaxillus reticulatus (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Marasmius cylindraceocampanulatus P. Henn. Nolanea apiculata Petch (Petch, 1924)
(Hennings, 1900) Nolanea maderaspatana Pegler (Pegler, 1977)
Marasmius florideus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and Nolanea mazophora (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977)
Broome, 1873) Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Höhnel (Höhnel, 1909)
Marasmius fulviceps Berk. (Berkeley, 1847) Oudemansiella endochorda (Berk. & Br.) Pegler
Marasmius galericula (Cesati) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) (Pegler, 1986)
Marasmius gordipes Sacc. & Paol. (Saccardo and Panaeolus rubricaulis Petch (Petch, 1924)
Paoletti, 1888) Paxillus russuloides Petch (Petch, 1909)
Marasmius hakgalensis Petch (Petch, 1947) Phlebopus portentosus (Berk. & Br.) Boedijn
Marasmius hakgalensis var. denudatus Petch (Boedijn, 1951b)
(Petch, 1947,) Pholiota dasypepla (Berk.) Cooke apud Sacc.
Marasmius hakgalensis var. hakgalensis Petch (Saccardo, 1891)
(Petch, 1947)
240
Pholiota micromeres (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Simocybe gnopholopus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Pholiota siennaecolor (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) Termitomyces eurrhizus (Berk.) Heim (Heim, 1942)
Pleurocollybia versiformis (Berk.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977) Termitomyces microcarpus (Berk. & Br.) Heim (Heim, 1942)
Pleuroflammula flavomarginata (Berk. & Br.) Tricholoma crassum (Berk.) Sacc. (Saccardo 1887)
Singer (Singer, 1951) Tricholoma rhacophorum (Berk. & Br.) Sacc
Pleurotus angustatus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) (Saccardo, 1887)
Pleurotus djamor (Fr.) Boedijn. (Wit, 1959) Tricholomopsis crocobapha (Berk. & Br.) Pegler
Pleurotus polychromus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) (Pegler, 1977)
Plteus stigmatophorus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Tricholomopsis nigra (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Pluteus aeolus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Trogia grisea (Berk.) Pat. (Patouillard, 1900)
Pluteus aglaeotheles (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Trogia inaequalis (Berk. & Br.) Corner (Corner, 1966)
Pluteus albolineatus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Trogia infundibuliformis Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Pluteus brunneopictus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Broome, 1873)
Pluteus chrysaegis (Berk. & Br.) Petch (Petch, 1912) Volvaria diplasia (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1951)
Pluteus conizatus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Volvariella apalotricha (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Pluteus escharites (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Volvariella glandiformis (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Pluteus eugraptus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Volvariella pseudovolvacea (Berk. & Br.) Singer
Pluteus flaviceps Petch (Petch, 1924) (Singer, 1962)
Pluteus flavomarginatus Petch (Petch, 1922) Volvariella terastia (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1961)
Pluteus fusconigricans (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Xerocomus sylvestris (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Pluteus glyphidatus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Xerulina asprata (Berk.) Pegler (Pegler, 1972)
Pluteus grandineus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887) Xerulina myochroa Berk. & Br
Pluteus pelinus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Pluteus psichiophorus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Pluteus spilopus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Pluteus subcervinus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Pouzaromyces lasius (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977)
Pouzaromyces myodermus (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (1977)
Psathyrella amaura (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Berkeley and
Broome, 1871)
Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire (Pegler, 1986)
Psathyrella efflorescens (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Psathyrella lucipeta (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Berkeley and
Broome, 1871)
Psathyrella reticulata Petch (Petch, 1917)
Psathyrella rufescens (Patch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Psathyrella tiarella (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (Saccardo, 1887)
Psathyrella trechispora (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Psilocybe crobula (Fr.) M. Lange ex Singer (Singer, 1962)
Psilocybe goniospora (Berk. & Br.) Singer (Singer, 1962)
Psilocybe ochreata (Berk. & Br.) Horak ex Guzman
(Guzmán, 1983)
Psilocybe pseudobullacea (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1977)
Psilocybe rostrata (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Pulveroboletus xylophilus (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Pyrrhoglossum hepatizon (Berk.) Singer (Singer, 1951)
Pyrrhoglossum holocrocinum (Berk.) Singer (Singer, 1955)
Resupinatus silvanus (Sacc.) Singer (Singer, 1949)
Rhacophyllus lilacinus Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Broome, 1871)
Rhodocybe retroflexa (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977)
Rhodocybe subgilva (Berk. & Br.) Pegler (Pegler, 1977)
Rickenella straminea (Petch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986)
Russula fuscogrisea Petch (Petch, 1922)
Russula periglypta Berk. & Br. (Berkeley and
Broome, 1871)
Russula purpureonigra Petch (Petch, 1917)
Schizophyllum commune Fr. (Fries, 1821)
241
Cookeina tricholoma (Mont.) Kuntze
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae,
Origin: Native
Habitat: Fallen twigs & wood
Place and year: Morella forest reserve, Knuckles, 2019
Photographed by: Deepthi Yakandawala
242
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Applications of the National Red List and the Way Forward
Biodiversity is the most valuable resource which has clear- Education and raising awareness
cut impacts on the country’s economy and livelihood of Releasing updates on the National Red List creates
people. Due to this richness and distinctness of assembled significant interest and awareness on threatened plants
biota, Sri Lanka requires assessment of the health of its through a variety of media, especially in televisions, radio,
flora and fauna intermittently. The Red List of Flora provides printed news papers, internet and other social media.
precise judgment of extinction risk of species and health When public awareness and attention are created, human
of ecosystems and environment. Moreover, it also gives a society will pay more attention to being alert on dilemmas
wealth of information on plant resources for sustainable of species and environmental issues. The Botanic Gardens,
application and conservation. Thus, the present effort Zoological Gardens, Museums and other relevant agencies
on preparation of Red Data Book 2020 has recognized its can actively participate in raising awareness of these
applications in future for several disciplines as indicate threatened taxa and their struggle on survival of extinction.
below. Information available at https://www.iucnredlist.
org on ‘How the Red List is used’ was also used as a basis in Learning about Red List of species will be a vital part of
preparation of the following account. the local education system in schools, universities etc.,
Provide Information for Strategies, Policies and covering all ages of future generations. The whole process
Conventions of Red Listing on country’s flora not only motivates actions
It is applied in International Agreements on Biodiversity of academics and professionals in relevant fields but it can
and specifically those ratified by Sri Lanka such as inspire a wide audience in several disciplines of society for
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered new creations for human benefit in art and culture.
Species (CITES), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),
etc.,. According to iucnredlist.org the red list provides data Basis for scientific research
for indicators required to measure success of the United The Red List of Plants has updates in both conservation
Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly status and nomenclature of plants. Species with conflicting
Goal 15. It also provides information for updates on issues on conservation status as well as nomenclature and
several national policies, acts and regulations to conserve taxonomy are also recognized during the process. When the
biodiversity at ecosystem or species level including the plant list of the country is updated with recognized issues
Flora and Fauna Protection Ordinance in Sri Lanka. on these disciplines it makes it convenient to appropriately
intervene with scientific research to solve problems for
present applications and future Red Listing. A scientifically
Decision Making on Development Plans and Conservation well served list of plants with assigned threatened
in the Country categories also makes it more elegant for applications in
Development programs including large scale investment research and innovations based on plant resources.
projects implemented by the government are operated
under a multitude of agencies in the government and Contributing to human health and livelihoods
non-government sector. These operations require taking Plants which are already exploited for various purposes
precedence on environment protection for the country’s from indigenous medicine to pharmaceutical industry are
future and sustainable development. When decisions listed with their conservation status. It is very significant
are taken by authorized parties and sectors on such that pocess knowledge of these species on risk of
development projects, Red data on flora and fauna are extinction when accessing their genetic resources. Further,
directly applicable to recognize presence of endemic and it is essential to recognize potential crop wild relatives
endangered taxa/species and value of ecosystems in focus. and medicinal plants which can be applied in Food and
This analysis on value of the ecosystems is significant for Agriculture for benefit of human society and their future
understanding potential environmental consequences in survival especially in the face of climatic changes and
the process for decision-making. Moreover, the wealth of environment crisis.
information accumulated on distribution of threatened/
endemic species is vital for conservation planning under Resource allocation for conservation and application
relevant authorities such as Department of Wild Life and Biodiversity is essentially fundamental to a country’s main
Department of Forest in Sri Lanka. The Red List can also economic sectors in Tourism, Agriculture, and Indigenous
be applied in sustainable exploitation of biodiversity with Medicine and so on. Another aspect of consideration is
appropriate plant species/taxa for industrial applications. funding allocations required on sustainable exploitation
and conservation of plant resources. International
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organizations such as The Global Environment facility, While considering all these aspects on applications of Red
International Union for Conservation of Nature, Listing as detailed above, the future of Red Listing work
The World Bank etc. require this information for resource should be concerned with specific actions under area/s of
allocations, while the government of Sri Lanka can also focus as presented below.
apply local funding resources appropriately based on
information sources on Red Listing.
Provide Information for Strategies, Policies and • Establish a solid basis on Floristic Data BDS, DNBG,
Conventions • Conduct island wide botanical surveys IUCN, UNDP
• Enrichment of National Herbarium collection
• Update the data base with relevant
information
Decision Making on Development Plans and • In-situ Conservation Practices and BDS, FD, DNBG,
Conservation in the Country Management Plans to conserve species and DWLC,
ecosystems CEA
• Ex-Situ Conservation Practices to collect
Native/Endemic/Threatened taxa to conserve
species in ex-situ collections
• Develop guidelines for a methodological and
effective Environment Impact assessment
Surveys for Development Projects
Education and raising awareness • Conduct a series of workshops for different BDS, DNBG, MOE
target groups (government sector, semi
government institutions, schools, universities,
etc.,) for awareness on Red Listing and
Biodiversity Conservation
• publication of information in Sinhala and
Tamil medium/s to disseminate information
to school children and general public
Basis for scientific research • Taxonomy and Systematic studies on different DIM, DNBG, FD,
plant groups with special attention to lower DWLC, DOAY,
plant groups of taxa DOA, DOEA,
• Ecological Research studies aiming Red Listing Universities,
of Ecosystems Research
• Research on Recovery Planning and Institutions (NIFS,
Reintroduction of Threatened flora ITI, etc.,),
• Restoration ecology
• Effects of climate change on biodiversity
Resource allocation for conservation and • Recognize prioritized areas for allocation of MOF, BDS, CBD,
application funding and resources GEF, NSF, NRC, SL
• Monitoring progress and evaluate specific –WB, UGC, UNDP
outcomes for implementation
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In terms of the Red Listing process, it is essential to give Biodiversity Secretariat of the Ministry of Environment in
training facility for officers in the government sector on Sri Lanka. The BDS as the main coordinating agency also
IUCN Red Listing Assessments Guidelines and Criteria. It is requires implementation of continuous monitoring system
necessary to facilitate these institutions with recruitment to understand drawbacks or barriers and solutions on
of suitable staff to carry out Botanical Surveys and Red present challenges. This will also affect responsible agencies
Listing Assessments as continuous processes. In future, a and expertise that contributed to the Red List of Sri Lanka
Red Listing Assessment Unit can be established under the 2021 to act in a responsible manner, updating information
National Herbarium to attend on Red Listing of Flora of Sri and integrated development for the next round of National
Lanka in both National and Global Assessments. Red Listing and Global Red Listing of Sri Lankan Flora.
254