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    51 views36 pages

    Oomycetes I Introduction & Saprolegniales

    Uploaded by

    AndraKamee
    bio school

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 36

    OOMYCETES I

    INTRODUCTION &
    SAPROLEGNIALES

    IB371GENERALMYCOLOGY
    LECTURE13
    THURSDAY,OCTOBER9,2003

    OOMYCETES
    DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
    Vegetative thallus filamentous, coenocytic, in
    some groups unicellular
    Cell walls lacking chitin (except for a few taxa),
    made of glucans & cellulose
    Asexual reproduction by biflagellate
    zoospores
    Sexual reproduction by oogonia (female) &
    antheridia (male) - no motile gametes
    Sexual spore is the oospore
    Diploid life cycle

    OOMYCETES
    DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
    Sexual reproduction is oogamous
    Female gamete (oosphere) produced
    by an oogonium
    Depending on taxon, there may be one
    to many oospheres per oogonium
    Male gamete is produced by
    antheridium and transferred to the
    oogonium by gametangial contact and
    migration
    of male nuclei

    Oogonium
    and antheridium (From Tom Volk)

    OOMYCETES
    DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
    Asexual reproduction is by zoospores
    Zoospores have flagella that are
    anisokont (unequal) and heterokont
    (different) (straminipilous)
    The anteriorly directed flagellum bears
    two rows of tubular tripartite hairs
    The posteriorly directed flagellum is a
    whiplash type

    FromLower
    Fungiinthe
    Laboratory

    DIPLOID
    LIFE
    CYCLE

    (From
    Alexopoulos
    etal.)

    OOMYCETES
    Phylogenetically unrelated to the
    fungi but similar in morphology &
    physiology
    Now in Chromophyta with brown
    algae
    9 orders, 25 families, 95 genera
    Between 500-800 species
    Called Peronosporomycetes by Dick

    ORDERS OF OOMYCETES
    TO BE COVERED
    Saprolegniales
    Leptomitales
    Lagenidiales
    (Salilagenidiales)
    Peronosporales

    SAPROLEGNIALES
    Found in water and soil.
    Captured by baiting soil and water
    samples with hemp seeds or dead
    flies.
    Saprobic on both dead plants and
    animals.
    A few species are parasitic on fish.

    SAPROLEGNIALES
    Thallus is filamentous.
    Hyphae is hyaline, broad & coenocytic.
    Asexual reproduction is by biflagellate
    zoospores formed in large, cylindrical
    sporangia.
    Sexual reproduction is by oogonia
    containing several oospheres that receive
    nuclei directly from antheridia.
    A fertilized oosphere is called an oospore.

    FromIntroductoryMycologybyJ.Webster

    ZOOSPORES
    Primary oval with two flagella at
    apex, one is tinsel and the other is
    whiplash.
    Secondary kidney shaped with two
    lateral flagella, one anteriorly
    directed tinsel and one posteriorly
    directed whiplash

    From
    Introductory
    Mycology
    by
    J.Webster

    ZOOSPORES
    Monomorphic having only one type
    of zoospore.
    Dimorphic having both types of
    zoospores.

    ZOOSPORES
    Monoplanetic having only one swimming
    period followed by encystment.
    Diplanetic having one swimming period
    followed by encystment, emergence and a
    second swimming period followed by
    encystment.
    PolyplaneticHavingmultipleswimmingand
    encystmentperiods.

    SAPROLEGNIALES
    SaprolegniaDimorphic,diplaneticwith
    swimmingperiodsofequalduration.
    AchlyaDimorphic,diplaneticbutprimary
    zoosporesencystjustoutsidethe
    sporangium.
    DictyuchusMonomorphic,polyplanetic,no
    primarysporesareliberated.Primaryspore
    encystsinthesporangium,eachcystreleases
    asecondaryzoosporethatcanswimand

    encystrepeatedly.

    FromMoney&WebsterTrans.Br.Mycol.Soc88:341

    348(1987)

    Sporangium
    of
    Dictyuchus
    sp.

    Secondary zoospores
    of
    Dictyuchus
    sp.
    emerging

    Primary zoospore cyst walls of Dictyuchus sp.

    SAPROLEGNIALES
    Thraustotheca Monomorphic,
    monoplanetic, primary zoospores
    encyst within sporangium, secondary
    zoospores swim only once.
    Geolegnia Aplanetic, both swimming
    periods have been repressed,
    aplanospores germinate directly from
    sporangia.

    SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
    Most species are monoecious and
    self-fertile.
    A few species are self-sterile and
    heterothallic (Achlya ambisexualis,
    Achlya bisexualis).

    SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
    Hormone A (antheridiol) - produced by the
    vegetative hyphae of female, causes the
    vegetative hyphae of the male strain to form
    antheridial branches and grow toward the
    oogonia along a concentration gradient
    (chemotropic).
    Hormone B (oogonial) - produced by the
    antheridial branches, causes female
    vegetative hyphae to produce oogonial
    initials.

    Sexual reproduction in Achlya sp.

    From
    Lower Fungi in
    the Laboratory

    LEPTOMITALES
    Small group of about 30 species.
    Differs from Saprolegniales in having
    hyphae that is constricted at regular
    intervals.
    Cytoplasm of coenocytic hyphae
    contains conspicuous granules.
    Oogonia contain a single oosphere
    (except in Apodachlyella completa)

    From
    Lower Fungi in the Laboratory

    From
    Lower
    Fungi in
    the
    Laboratory

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