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  • Chrysophyta and Pyrrophyta

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    Jennylyn Tapar
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    This document summarizes two groups of thallophytes - Chrysophyta and Pyrrophyta. Chrysophyta includes yellow-green and brown algae like diatoms and yellow-green algae. It describes their characteristics, classes, and examples like Botrydium and Tribonema. Diatoms are discussed in detail, including their siliceous cell walls, radial and penial shapes, and asexual and sexual reproduction. Pyrrophyta includes dinoflagellates and cryptomonads, most of which are unicellular and yellow-brown in color. Dinoflagellates are discussed more in-depth, describing their motility, cellulose cell walls, and importance as a food source

    Original Description:

    SOME YELLOW-GREEN AND BROWN THALLOPHYTES

    Original Title

    CHRYSOPHYTA AND PYRROPHYTA

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    This document summarizes two groups of thallophytes - Chrysophyta and Pyrrophyta. Chrysophyta includes yellow-green and brown algae like diatoms and yellow-green algae. It describes their characteristics, classes, and examples like Botrydium and Tribonema. Diatoms are discussed in detail, including their siliceous cell walls, radial and penial shapes, and asexual and sexual reproduction. Pyrrophyta includes dinoflagellates and cryptomonads, most of which are unicellular and yellow-brown in color. Dinoflagellates are discussed more in-depth, describing their motility, cellulose cell walls, and importance as a food source

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    457 views21 pages

    Chrysophyta and Pyrrophyta

    Uploaded by

    Jennylyn Tapar
    This document summarizes two groups of thallophytes - Chrysophyta and Pyrrophyta. Chrysophyta includes yellow-green and brown algae like diatoms and yellow-green algae. It describes their characteristics, classes, and examples like Botrydium and Tribonema. Diatoms are discussed in detail, including their siliceous cell walls, radial and penial shapes, and asexual and sexual reproduction. Pyrrophyta includes dinoflagellates and cryptomonads, most of which are unicellular and yellow-brown in color. Dinoflagellates are discussed more in-depth, describing their motility, cellulose cell walls, and importance as a food source

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 21

    CHRYSOPHYTA

    AND PYRROPHYTA
    SOME YELLOW-GREEN AND BROWN THALLOPHYTES

    BY: JENNYLYN O. TAPAR


    CHRYSOPHYTA

    Small and mostly microscopic form.

    One class – the diatoms – is very


    important because although its member
    are of microscopic size they are very
    abundant in both fresh and salt water
    and serve as food for a great variety of
    organism and indirectly are very
    important source of food for larger
    aquatic animals.

    Show lines of evolution.


    CHRYSOPHYTA
    Chrysophyta VS. Chlorophyta
    Characteristics: Characteristics:
    - Yellow-green or brown - Bright green color
    pigment - 2 flagella with equal length
    - 2 flagella with unequal
    length
    Food Reserve:
    Food Reserve: - Starch
    - Lipid or oil

    Ancestors in both cases belonged to the great group pf flagellates.


    CHRYSOPHYTA
    3 CLASSES
    1. Heterokontae or yellow-green algae
    2. Chrysophyceae
    3. Bacillarieae or diatoms
    CHRYSOPHYTA

    1. Heterokontae or yellow-green algae


    - Diversified group of small organism
    - Unicellular motile forms and zoospores
    - Have two flagellates of unequal length
    - Chromatophores are yellowish green – zoospores
    chlorophyll is present in small amount while
    carotinoids are abundant
    - Chloroplasts usually lack pyrenoids
    - Food is stored either oil or leucosin
    - Definite cell wall, usually composed of two
    overlapping pieces which may be of the same
    of different sizes

    Yellow-green algae
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    Palmellaceous Forms
    - Including both non-motile
    colonies held together in a
    gelatinous matrix and dendroid
    colonies

    Filamentous Forms
    - Corresponds to the Chlorococcales of the green
    algae

    Chlorococcales
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    Filamentous Forms:

    Tribonema
    - When cell divisions occurs, an H-shaped
    piece is formed across the middle of the cell
    - Cells are uninucleate and with few to many
    chromatophores
    - Asexual reproduction is by aplanospores or
    by zoospores which are formed singly within
    a cell
    - Sexual reproduction is by fusion of
    isogametes
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    Siphonaceous Form or Genus
    - no motile colonies
     Botrydium
    - Abundant on muddy or damp soil
    - Consist of balloon like aerial portion which contains the
    chromatophores and a branched colorless underground part
    - In vegetative plants there are numerous nuclei but no cross
    walls
    - Reproduce asexually by the development in the aerial
    portion of very numerous uninucleate zoospores with
    flagella of unequal length also by the development of
    aplanospores in the aerial portion and of hypnospores in
    the underground part
    - Sexual reproduction by fusion of isogametes
    hypnospores
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    2. Chrysophyceae
    - Varied group containing many flagellate forms both
    unicellular and colonial, and only few algal
    representatives
    - In flagellates representatives there are both motile
    colonies and colonies which are attached at substratum
    - Palmelloid forms and a few filamentous types with
    cellulose cell walls
    - There are forms corresponding to the Chlorococcaceae
    in the green algae; but no siphonaceous genera are
    known
    - Chromaphores are golden-brown
    - Food stored as oil or leucosin
    - Motile cells may have single flagellum, two flagellate of
    equal length or two of unequal length
    Palmelloid
    - Sexual reproduction is unknown
    CHRYSOPHYTA

    3. Bacillarieae or diatoms
    - Similar to desmids of chlorophyta
    - Very common aquatic algae
    - Abundant in both fresh and salt water
    - Distinguish by their siliceous cell walls
    - Chromatophores are usually golden-brown
    - Unicellular plant
    - Elongated diatoms have a very distinct gliding
    movement

    Desmids of Chlorophyta
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    Diatoms are divided into two groups that are distinguished by the shape of the frustule:
    the centrales and the pennales.

    1. Centrales
    - Radially symmetric and is often circular
    - Movement is not found with their circular valves
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    2. Pennales
    - Valve is not circular, but is often bilaterally symmetric
    - Exhibit movement, there is a long narrow opening or cleft which runs
    down the center of the valve
    - Movement believed is due to streaming of protoplasm in this cleft
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    Bacillarieae or diatoms:

    Asexual reproduction
    - Chief method of reproduction of the diatoms
    by the division of cell into two
    Protoplast
    - Protoplast enlarges and then divides in two,
    one daughter protoplast remaining in each
    valve of the mother cell
    - The original size is restored by the formation of
    auxospores
    - Auxospores germinates by dividing
    transversely to form two daughter diatoms

    Auxospores
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    Bacillarieae or diatoms:

    Sexual reproduction
    - Sexual fusion
    - The protoplast of the two diatoms
    conjugate and form a single auxospore –
    two fusing cells become surrounded by
    gelatinous envelope and each divides to
    form two gametes

    • Microspores – protoplast divide up to


    form numerous small flagellated structure

    Microspores
    CHRYSOPHYTA
    Bacillarieae or diatoms:
    Relationship of Diatoms
    - Have several prominent characteristics which indicate relationship with
    Heterokontae and Chrysophyceae and justify their inclusion in Chrysophyta
    • Brown color
    • Silicified walls composed of two halves, one of which fits into the other
    • Absence of starch
    • Storage of food in form of oil
    CHRYSOPHYTA

    Desmids Vs. Diatoms


    - Bright green - Brown color
    - Starch - Oil
    - Cell walls of - Cell walls of two
    cellulose silicified halves
    one of which fits
    into the other
     Both unicellular
     Asexual and sexual reproduction is similar

    When diatoms decay or digested by animals, the siliceous valves remain, and these fall in
    considerable quantities to the bottom of a body of water in which diatoms are abundant.
    PYRROPHYTA
    Mostly unicellular
    Free living, symbiotic or parasite

    Habitat in fossil deposits, hypersaline


    water, freshwater and river deltas
    Reproduce sexually or asexually
    Photosynthetic phyrrophyta can
    synthesizes chlorophyll a and c, and
    contain high level of carotenoids
    Non-photosynthetic exist as parasite in
    fish and aquatic invertebrates
    PYRROPHYTA

    Class Dinophyceae
    m
    - Appear to be derived from or related to a
    class of flagellates
    - Small organisms with a brown color
    - Typically yellow-brown in color
    - Stored food as either starch or oil
    - Great majority are motile unicellular
    organisms known as dinoflagellates
    - Few have halved cells but nearly all have
    cellulose walls
    - Presence of two grooves, one of which
    encircles the cell transversely while the
    other runs longitudinally along one side
    PYRROPHYTA
    2 Subphyla:
    1. Dinoflagellates
    2. Crytomonads
    1. Dinoflagellates
    - Both fresh and salt water
    - Abundant in warmer seas
    - Important source of food for marine animals
    PYRROPHYTA

    2. Crytomonads
    - Group of algae, most of which have plastids
    - They are common in freshwater, and also
    occur in marine and brackish habitats

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