Ascospores Black & White Stock Photos

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Ascospores Black & White Stock Photos

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 33. Diseases of the Cauliflower and Radish. a. spot disease of cauliflower (after McCulloch), 6, white rust of radish, c. conidio- phore of the white rust fungus, Cystopus candidus, <i. fertilization in Albugo Candida, e. germination of the oospore of Albugo Candida, f. ring spot on cauliflower head, g. perithecium of Mycosphmrella brassicicola, h. ascus of Mycospk<Erella brassicicola, i. ascospores of MycosphtBreUa brassicicola (g. to i. after Osmun and Anderson).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pag Stock Photo

RMRDE0G1–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 33. Diseases of the Cauliflower and Radish. a. spot disease of cauliflower (after McCulloch), 6, white rust of radish, c. conidio- phore of the white rust fungus, Cystopus candidus, <i. fertilization in Albugo Candida, e. germination of the oospore of Albugo Candida, f. ring spot on cauliflower head, g. perithecium of Mycosphmrella brassicicola, h. ascus of Mycospk<Erella brassicicola, i. ascospores of MycosphtBreUa brassicicola (g. to i. after Osmun and Anderson).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pag

. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. ASCOMYCETES 37S trichogyne is fertilised by the contact with it of one of the young hairs The perithece contains a number of asci, and these eight or twelve double ascospores. The ripe double ascospore attaches itself to a fresh host b) one of its ends, and develops into the new plant.. Fig, 312.—A : 6h, Stigmaiomyces Baeri Peyr. (.5"^. Mitsccs Karsten). A, optical longi- tudinal section of ripe specimen with organ of attachment at base; the asci are seen through wall of perithece. a, everywhere the appendage ', fi, an isolated ascus with s Stock Photo

RMRE3CK6–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. ASCOMYCETES 37S trichogyne is fertilised by the contact with it of one of the young hairs The perithece contains a number of asci, and these eight or twelve double ascospores. The ripe double ascospore attaches itself to a fresh host b) one of its ends, and develops into the new plant.. Fig, 312.—A : 6h, Stigmaiomyces Baeri Peyr. (.5"^. Mitsccs Karsten). A, optical longi- tudinal section of ripe specimen with organ of attachment at base; the asci are seen through wall of perithece. a, everywhere the appendage ', fi, an isolated ascus with s

. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. Fig. 247. The common edible morel Olorchella esculenta). The structure shown and used represents the aecocarp, the depressions of whose surface are lined with asci contain- ing ascospores.—After Gibson. Fig. 348. Yeast cells, repro- ducing by budding, and forming chains.—Land. The " yeast cells " seem to be conidia having a peculiar bud- ding method of multiplication, and the remarkable power of exciting alcoholic fermentation in sugary solutions. 3. iEciDioiiYCETES (+Ecidium-Fungi) 186. General characters.—This is a large group of very Stock Photo

RMRE1JHB–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. Fig. 247. The common edible morel Olorchella esculenta). The structure shown and used represents the aecocarp, the depressions of whose surface are lined with asci contain- ing ascospores.—After Gibson. Fig. 348. Yeast cells, repro- ducing by budding, and forming chains.—Land. The " yeast cells " seem to be conidia having a peculiar bud- ding method of multiplication, and the remarkable power of exciting alcoholic fermentation in sugary solutions. 3. iEciDioiiYCETES (+Ecidium-Fungi) 186. General characters.—This is a large group of very

. Elementary botany. Botany. 196 MORPHOLOGY. 414. Asci and ascospores.—While we are looking at a few of these through the mirrosrnpe with the low power, we should. Fig. 325- Leaves of willtiw showing wilinw mildew. Tlie black dots are the fruit bodies iperitlnecia) seated on tlie wliite inxeliuin, [iress on the cover glass with a needle until we see a few of the perithelia nipturc. If this is done larefully we see seeral small owate sacs issue, each containint; a number of spores, a.-- shown 111 fig. 227. Such a sac is au cisc/is, and the sjjores are ascus/iores.. Please note that these imag Stock Photo

RMRE2N35–. Elementary botany. Botany. 196 MORPHOLOGY. 414. Asci and ascospores.—While we are looking at a few of these through the mirrosrnpe with the low power, we should. Fig. 325- Leaves of willtiw showing wilinw mildew. Tlie black dots are the fruit bodies iperitlnecia) seated on tlie wliite inxeliuin, [iress on the cover glass with a needle until we see a few of the perithelia nipturc. If this is done larefully we see seeral small owate sacs issue, each containint; a number of spores, a.-- shown 111 fig. 227. Such a sac is au cisc/is, and the sjjores are ascus/iores.. Please note that these imag

. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.—Y.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Wall of gi gemmiB cup. Gemm:u in various stages of development. Thallus. Root-hairs (rhizoids.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne &amp Stock Photo

RMRDE80C–. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.—Y.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Wall of gi gemmiB cup. Gemm:u in various stages of development. Thallus. Root-hairs (rhizoids.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne &amp

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. ASPERGILLUS 375 higher Red Algae, such as Polysiphonia, for as the ascogenous hyphae develop from the ascogonium, sterile hyphae, growing up from below the ascogonium, form a compact hard wall which makes a case for the asci and ascospores, just as the filaments growing up from below the carpogonium produce a case for the carpospores in Poly- siphonia. The Blue and Green Molds (Plectascales). — S u p e r fi- cially these Molds resemble the true Molds discussed under the Mucorales, but their spore masses are gen- erall)' green or blue, while those of Stock Photo

RMRDCYC5–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. ASPERGILLUS 375 higher Red Algae, such as Polysiphonia, for as the ascogenous hyphae develop from the ascogonium, sterile hyphae, growing up from below the ascogonium, form a compact hard wall which makes a case for the asci and ascospores, just as the filaments growing up from below the carpogonium produce a case for the carpospores in Poly- siphonia. The Blue and Green Molds (Plectascales). — S u p e r fi- cially these Molds resemble the true Molds discussed under the Mucorales, but their spore masses are gen- erall)' green or blue, while those of

. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI—ASPERGILLUS 259. Fig. 87a. Mycotic stomatitis caused from eating mouldy hay and parasitic fungi on forage plants. (U. S. Dept. Agrl.) unite with the spiral known as the ascogonium. After fertilization a perithecium is produced, which contains the asci, each ascus being surrounded by a delicate wall and containing eight biconvex ascospores. Asperigillus forms diastase and is capable of changing starch into dextrin a Stock Photo

RMRDXT07–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI—ASPERGILLUS 259. Fig. 87a. Mycotic stomatitis caused from eating mouldy hay and parasitic fungi on forage plants. (U. S. Dept. Agrl.) unite with the spiral known as the ascogonium. After fertilization a perithecium is produced, which contains the asci, each ascus being surrounded by a delicate wall and containing eight biconvex ascospores. Asperigillus forms diastase and is capable of changing starch into dextrin a

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC DISEASES OF PLANTS 499 4.5 to 8.6/1 in size (Fig. 177). The walls are thicker than those of the pycnospores. Expulsion of the ascospores is dependent upon tempera-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harshberger, John W. (John William), 1869-1929. Philadelphia : P. Blakiston' Stock Photo

RMRDE1JG–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC DISEASES OF PLANTS 499 4.5 to 8.6/1 in size (Fig. 177). The walls are thicker than those of the pycnospores. Expulsion of the ascospores is dependent upon tempera-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harshberger, John W. (John William), 1869-1929. Philadelphia : P. Blakiston'

. Applied bacteriology; an introductory handbook for the use of students, medical officers of health, analysts and sanitarians. Bacteriology. Fig. 26.—Sacchabomyces Ceebvisi^. brewery yeast. It grows as rounded or slightly ellipsoidal cells, which give off small cells by budding. The cells are. Fig. 27.—Sacchaeomycbs CEliBvisia:. (Stages in the develop- ment of ascospores.) from 8 to 9 /i in diameter, and occur both singly and in short chains. Spores occur three or four together in a mother-cell 4 to 5 /^ in diameter.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that m Stock Photo

RMRE480G–. Applied bacteriology; an introductory handbook for the use of students, medical officers of health, analysts and sanitarians. Bacteriology. Fig. 26.—Sacchabomyces Ceebvisi^. brewery yeast. It grows as rounded or slightly ellipsoidal cells, which give off small cells by budding. The cells are. Fig. 27.—Sacchaeomycbs CEliBvisia:. (Stages in the develop- ment of ascospores.) from 8 to 9 /i in diameter, and occur both singly and in short chains. Spores occur three or four together in a mother-cell 4 to 5 /^ in diameter.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that m

. Plant physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 21.—Saccharomyces cerevisice I. Fig. 22.—Saccharomyces cerevisice I. Sur- Young cells from the sediment of the beer- face film at is-i6°C. (After E. Hansen.) vat. {After E. Hansen.) furnishes a striking example of the great variability in form, that is characteristic of yeast cells. In order to obtain ascospores young cultures must be used, and it is also essential that air be plentifully supplied. Little plaster of Paris disks prepared with special moulds are used for this purpose. These are placed in small, shallow glass pans (Petri dishes), covered Stock Photo

RMRDXTJF–. Plant physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 21.—Saccharomyces cerevisice I. Fig. 22.—Saccharomyces cerevisice I. Sur- Young cells from the sediment of the beer- face film at is-i6°C. (After E. Hansen.) vat. {After E. Hansen.) furnishes a striking example of the great variability in form, that is characteristic of yeast cells. In order to obtain ascospores young cultures must be used, and it is also essential that air be plentifully supplied. Little plaster of Paris disks prepared with special moulds are used for this purpose. These are placed in small, shallow glass pans (Petri dishes), covered

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. i66 MYCOLOGY Family 4. Ascobolace^.—The apothecia of the fungi of this family are unstalked. They are superficial and grow up on manure. The peridium is mostly thin, or wanting, and the hypothecium, which is well developed, consists of rounded parenchyma-like cells. In Ascobolus, the ascospores are discharged from the asci by a squirting. Fig. 58.—A, B, Lachnea sculellala. A, Habit; B, ascus with paraphysis; C, D, Lachnea hemisphierica; C, habit; D, ascus with paraphysiS; E, Sarcospktsr Stock Photo

RMRDEFJ9–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. i66 MYCOLOGY Family 4. Ascobolace^.—The apothecia of the fungi of this family are unstalked. They are superficial and grow up on manure. The peridium is mostly thin, or wanting, and the hypothecium, which is well developed, consists of rounded parenchyma-like cells. In Ascobolus, the ascospores are discharged from the asci by a squirting. Fig. 58.—A, B, Lachnea sculellala. A, Habit; B, ascus with paraphysis; C, D, Lachnea hemisphierica; C, habit; D, ascus with paraphysiS; E, Sarcospktsr

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 141 It causes a rot of the grape, much dreaded in Europe, attacking leaves, fruit and stem. The fungus can persist long as a sapro- phyte in the conidial condition. Sclerotia are borne within the affected tissues. On germination they may either produce the conidia directly or form apothecia. Both ascospores and conidia are capable of infecting the grape but infection is much more certain from a vigorous mycelium (see S. libertiana, p. 142). Attachment organs, c. f. Fig. 93, which consist of close Stock Photo

RMRDE6GR–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 141 It causes a rot of the grape, much dreaded in Europe, attacking leaves, fruit and stem. The fungus can persist long as a sapro- phyte in the conidial condition. Sclerotia are borne within the affected tissues. On germination they may either produce the conidia directly or form apothecia. Both ascospores and conidia are capable of infecting the grape but infection is much more certain from a vigorous mycelium (see S. libertiana, p. 142). Attachment organs, c. f. Fig. 93, which consist of close

RMRDXT2T–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI—YEAST 249 SACCHAROMYCBTACEAE. Vegetative cells single or in small groups; mycelium usually not evident, reproduction, by budding; ascospores, usually 4, produced in the cell; occasion- ally 8, 3, S, or seldom) 1. The Saccharomycetes are fungi important in the process of fermenta- tion. It is only in recent years that any parasitic species has been recog- nized. Metchnikoff, in 1884, found a parasitic yeast Monospor

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. ASPERGILLUS 375 higher Red Algae, such as Polysiphbnia, for as the ascogenous hyphae develop from the ascogonium, sterile hyphae, growing up from below the ascogonium, form a compact hard wall which makes a case for the asci and ascospores, just as the filaments growing up from below the carpogonium produce a case for the carpospores in Poly- siphonia. The Blue and Green Molds (Plectascales). — S u p e r fi- ciaUy these Molds resemble the true Molds discussed under the Mucorales, but their spore masses are gen- erally green or blue, while those Stock Photo

RMRDWD2D–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. ASPERGILLUS 375 higher Red Algae, such as Polysiphbnia, for as the ascogenous hyphae develop from the ascogonium, sterile hyphae, growing up from below the ascogonium, form a compact hard wall which makes a case for the asci and ascospores, just as the filaments growing up from below the carpogonium produce a case for the carpospores in Poly- siphonia. The Blue and Green Molds (Plectascales). — S u p e r fi- ciaUy these Molds resemble the true Molds discussed under the Mucorales, but their spore masses are gen- erally green or blue, while those

. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. 420 VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY The yeast-plant gives U3 perhaps the simplest form of this organ. Any cell can play this part; its protoplasm divides into a number of pieces, frequently four, each of which becomes rounded off and clothed with a new cell- wall. After a time the four new cells are liberated by the breaking down of the original cell-wall. They are deve- loped in more highly differentiated plants in special cells or chambers named asci (figs. 166 and 167), in very variable numbers, and are known as ascogonidia or ascospores. In Stock Photo

RMRDYH31–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. 420 VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY The yeast-plant gives U3 perhaps the simplest form of this organ. Any cell can play this part; its protoplasm divides into a number of pieces, frequently four, each of which becomes rounded off and clothed with a new cell- wall. After a time the four new cells are liberated by the breaking down of the original cell-wall. They are deve- loped in more highly differentiated plants in special cells or chambers named asci (figs. 166 and 167), in very variable numbers, and are known as ascogonidia or ascospores. In

. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUNGI â copiously, and ultimately bear at the ends asci containing each eight ascospores, and the envelope-tissue is contributed by shoots from the neighbouring mycele and from the base of the carpogone. As already mentioned above, no acrospore stage intervenes here between sporocarp and sporocarp, i.e. the ascospore, on germinating, produces a thallus, which again bears the sporocarp directly. Gym- noascus is a saprophyte growing on dung. 5. AscOBOLUS (Pers.).âThe carpogone arises on the mycele in the form of a thick curved sausage-shaped latera Stock Photo

RMRE3CMH–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUNGI â copiously, and ultimately bear at the ends asci containing each eight ascospores, and the envelope-tissue is contributed by shoots from the neighbouring mycele and from the base of the carpogone. As already mentioned above, no acrospore stage intervenes here between sporocarp and sporocarp, i.e. the ascospore, on germinating, produces a thallus, which again bears the sporocarp directly. Gym- noascus is a saprophyte growing on dung. 5. AscOBOLUS (Pers.).âThe carpogone arises on the mycele in the form of a thick curved sausage-shaped latera

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 23. Lettuce Diseases. a Germinating sclerotium of SderoHnia liberliana the'cause of lettuce drop, 6. section of fruiting cup (aoothecium) showing asci. ascospores and fiaraphyses of S. liberliana. c. section through sclerotium of A. /.â¢;.Â»w.-^Â«" J r-^-T-.-.-ating ascospore of 5. Â«Offnia?ia (.a. ':'. ,. r'-. â - - âvens), e. Cercospora leaf spot.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may n Stock Photo

RMRDE0KD–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 23. Lettuce Diseases. a Germinating sclerotium of SderoHnia liberliana the'cause of lettuce drop, 6. section of fruiting cup (aoothecium) showing asci. ascospores and fiaraphyses of S. liberliana. c. section through sclerotium of A. /.â¢;.Â»w.-^Â«" J r-^-T-.-.-ating ascospore of 5. Â«Offnia?ia (.a. ':'. ,. r'-. â - - âvens), e. Cercospora leaf spot.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may n

RMRDD8NA–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC DISEASES OF PLANTS 481 truncate at the base and measure 28 to 30/i by 7 to 9/i. According to Clinton, they do not retain their vitality long. An investigation of perithecial formation indicates that perithecia begin to form in October, or even later, and reach maturity in the following April, when mature ascospores have been found especially on the under sur- faces of the leaves. They are im- bedded in the leaf tissues and are slightly pyriform in shape, inc

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. go Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin hyphae, which terminate somewhat loosely and irregularly. The asci are borne in a single layer and are not in perithecia, and are not covered, each ascus resting in a space between the sterile cells which present a mesh-like appearance. (See fig. 21.) The walls of the hexagonal cell meshes are quite thick and are formed of strands of hyphae. Each ascus contains 8 ascospores. The ascospores are 3-celled, and with thick walls (fig. 21, c). The thallus of Hexagonella is dark brown. The asci are prominent due to the dark color of the sp Stock Photo

RMRPY1GH–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. go Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin hyphae, which terminate somewhat loosely and irregularly. The asci are borne in a single layer and are not in perithecia, and are not covered, each ascus resting in a space between the sterile cells which present a mesh-like appearance. (See fig. 21.) The walls of the hexagonal cell meshes are quite thick and are formed of strands of hyphae. Each ascus contains 8 ascospores. The ascospores are 3-celled, and with thick walls (fig. 21, c). The thallus of Hexagonella is dark brown. The asci are prominent due to the dark color of the sp

. A text-book of bacteriology; a practical treatise for students and practitioners of medicine. Bacteriology. 638 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS mata arise. On the ends of these sterigmata spores or conidia develop similar to those developed by penicillium. Other forms of sporulation occur within this group. Thus, tubular spor3 capsules may be formed within the end segments of the hyphse, known as ascospores. In other cases, within ,a mycelial thread, a swelHng may take place into which protoplasm flows from the neighbor- ing cells, at both ends. In this way, an oval spore case is developed. Fig. 1 Stock Photo

RMRE4JT0–. A text-book of bacteriology; a practical treatise for students and practitioners of medicine. Bacteriology. 638 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS mata arise. On the ends of these sterigmata spores or conidia develop similar to those developed by penicillium. Other forms of sporulation occur within this group. Thus, tubular spor3 capsules may be formed within the end segments of the hyphse, known as ascospores. In other cases, within ,a mycelial thread, a swelHng may take place into which protoplasm flows from the neighbor- ing cells, at both ends. In this way, an oval spore case is developed. Fig. 1

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. LICHENS 379 from a single cell, as in Yeast, to a massive mycelium which in some cases takes no definite shape while in others it forms a definitely shaped fruiting body. In parasitic forms the mycehum sometimes runs through the tissues of the hosts, and sometimes is chiefly superficial, sending only haustoria into the host.. Fig. 331. —Apple attacked by the Bitter Rot Fungus, Glomerella rufomaculans. After Alwood. The spores are of two kinds, conidiospores and ascospores. The conidiospores are borne free on projecting hyphae, and grow directly into Stock Photo

RMRDED3C–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. LICHENS 379 from a single cell, as in Yeast, to a massive mycelium which in some cases takes no definite shape while in others it forms a definitely shaped fruiting body. In parasitic forms the mycehum sometimes runs through the tissues of the hosts, and sometimes is chiefly superficial, sending only haustoria into the host.. Fig. 331. —Apple attacked by the Bitter Rot Fungus, Glomerella rufomaculans. After Alwood. The spores are of two kinds, conidiospores and ascospores. The conidiospores are borne free on projecting hyphae, and grow directly into

. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. 8 CONTEOL OF THE CHESTNUT BAKK DISEASE. bark itself, but the pustules show in the cracks and the bark often sounds hollow when tapped. After smooth-barked limbs or trunks are <rirdled the fungus continues to grow extensively through the barkt sometimes covering the entire surface with reddish-brown pustules (fig. 4). These pustules produce mostly winter spores (ascospores)'^ although occasionally the long strings of summer spores (fig. 3) are also produced, even on bark that has been dead at least a year.. Fig. 4.—Dead chestnut bark showing pust Stock Photo

RMRDBC5R–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. 8 CONTEOL OF THE CHESTNUT BAKK DISEASE. bark itself, but the pustules show in the cracks and the bark often sounds hollow when tapped. After smooth-barked limbs or trunks are <rirdled the fungus continues to grow extensively through the barkt sometimes covering the entire surface with reddish-brown pustules (fig. 4). These pustules produce mostly winter spores (ascospores)'^ although occasionally the long strings of summer spores (fig. 3) are also produced, even on bark that has been dead at least a year.. Fig. 4.—Dead chestnut bark showing pust

. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Pig. 146.—Root-system of a Silver Fir overgrown and killed by tbe mycelium of BJiizina undulata. (After Hartig.) Fig. 147.—Ascospores of Rhisina. o, As taken from the ascus; b, 24 hours aft«r sowing: c, 48 hours after sowing; d, the spore of c enlarged. (After Hartig.) filled up. Masses of fungoid pseudoparenchyma are frequently formed between the dead and diseased tissues. Strands of the nature of Rhizoctonia emerg Stock Photo

RMRDD87C–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Pig. 146.—Root-system of a Silver Fir overgrown and killed by tbe mycelium of BJiizina undulata. (After Hartig.) Fig. 147.—Ascospores of Rhisina. o, As taken from the ascus; b, 24 hours aft«r sowing: c, 48 hours after sowing; d, the spore of c enlarged. (After Hartig.) filled up. Masses of fungoid pseudoparenchyma are frequently formed between the dead and diseased tissues. Strands of the nature of Rhizoctonia emerg

RMRDYDP0–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 104. Wheat Scab (Gibberella Saubinetii), perfect form of Fusarium roseam I. 1. Wheat aSfected with wheat scab, upper portion destroyed. 2. Glumes covered with perithecia. 4. Perithecia. 5. Asci from perithecia with ascospores, one of these enlarged at 6. 7. Conidiophore and spores grown in agar. After Selby. Fusarium roseum, Link Mycelium whitish or varying from yellow to orange, appearing at the time when the grain begins to tu

. Nature and development of plants. Botany. Fig. 149. Fig. 148. A common black fungus, Hypoxylon: A, habit of the fungus as it appears on dead branches and logs. The round black bodies are an association of the mycelium, stroma, and numerous ascocarps. B, a single ascus enlarged, showing character of the ascospores. Fig. 149. The black knot, Plowrightia, infecting a branch of cherry. At the bottom of the branch is shown the early summer or spore-bearing stage, c, and above a black warty mass of ascocarps, as, produced the previous season. Fig. 150. A, several ascocarps enlarged, taken from reg Stock Photo

RMRE1R2E–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. Fig. 149. Fig. 148. A common black fungus, Hypoxylon: A, habit of the fungus as it appears on dead branches and logs. The round black bodies are an association of the mycelium, stroma, and numerous ascocarps. B, a single ascus enlarged, showing character of the ascospores. Fig. 149. The black knot, Plowrightia, infecting a branch of cherry. At the bottom of the branch is shown the early summer or spore-bearing stage, c, and above a black warty mass of ascocarps, as, produced the previous season. Fig. 150. A, several ascocarps enlarged, taken from reg

. Nature and development of plants. Botany. Fig. 148. Fig. 149.. Fig. 148. A common black fungus, Hypoxylon: A, habit of the fungus as it apjjears on dead branches and logs. The round black bodies are an association of the mycelium, stroma, and numerous ascocarps. B, a single ascus enlarged, showing character of the ascospores. Fig. 149. The black knot, Plowrightia, infecting a branch of cherry. At the bottom of the branch is shown the early summer or spore-bearing stage, c, and above a black warty mass of ascocarps, as, produced the previous season. Fig. 150. A, several ascocarps enlarged, ta Stock Photo

RMRDWG0B–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. Fig. 148. Fig. 149.. Fig. 148. A common black fungus, Hypoxylon: A, habit of the fungus as it apjjears on dead branches and logs. The round black bodies are an association of the mycelium, stroma, and numerous ascocarps. B, a single ascus enlarged, showing character of the ascospores. Fig. 149. The black knot, Plowrightia, infecting a branch of cherry. At the bottom of the branch is shown the early summer or spore-bearing stage, c, and above a black warty mass of ascocarps, as, produced the previous season. Fig. 150. A, several ascocarps enlarged, ta

. Pharmaceutical botany. Botany; Botany, Medical. Fig. 35.—A single perithecium of Clmiceps Fig. 36.—Asci contain- purpurea, magnified, showing the contained ing the long, slender asco- asci. (From Sayre.) pores. (From Sayre.) ized by the appearance of a sac called an ascus in which ascospores are formed. The largest class of fungi. Order i. Protoascales, the yeasts (Saccharomycetes) (position doubtful). Order 2. Pezizales or cup fungi. Ex.: Peziza and Ascobolus. Order 3. Tuberales, the truffles. Order 4. Plectascales, the blue and green molds. Ex.: Aspergillus and Penicillium.. Please note th Stock Photo

RMRDH6PF–. Pharmaceutical botany. Botany; Botany, Medical. Fig. 35.—A single perithecium of Clmiceps Fig. 36.—Asci contain- purpurea, magnified, showing the contained ing the long, slender asco- asci. (From Sayre.) pores. (From Sayre.) ized by the appearance of a sac called an ascus in which ascospores are formed. The largest class of fungi. Order i. Protoascales, the yeasts (Saccharomycetes) (position doubtful). Order 2. Pezizales or cup fungi. Ex.: Peziza and Ascobolus. Order 3. Tuberales, the truffles. Order 4. Plectascales, the blue and green molds. Ex.: Aspergillus and Penicillium.. Please note th

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 298 BOTANY. ascus (the so-called free cell formation). Usually there is a considerable quantity of the unused protoplasm left over after the ascospores are fully formed (Fig. 304, a, h, c). The usual number of ascospores is eight (Figs. 202, 203, 204), although in exceptional genera they range from one or two (Umbilicaria) to a hundred or more (Bactrospora, and other genera). They are frequently septate, sometimes being di- vided into two portions—e.g., Parmelia (Fig. 202)—or many, as in Gollema Urceolaria, etc. In the gymnocarpous lichens the as Stock Photo

RMRDW9T9–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 298 BOTANY. ascus (the so-called free cell formation). Usually there is a considerable quantity of the unused protoplasm left over after the ascospores are fully formed (Fig. 304, a, h, c). The usual number of ascospores is eight (Figs. 202, 203, 204), although in exceptional genera they range from one or two (Umbilicaria) to a hundred or more (Bactrospora, and other genera). They are frequently septate, sometimes being di- vided into two portions—e.g., Parmelia (Fig. 202)—or many, as in Gollema Urceolaria, etc. In the gymnocarpous lichens the as

$. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 298 BOTANY. aseus (the so-called free cell formation). Usually there is a considerable quantity of the unused protoplasm left over after the ascospores are fully formed (Fig. 304, a, b, c). The usual number of ascospores is eight (Figs. 302, 303, 304), although in exceptional genera they range from one or two (Umbilicaria) to a hundred or more {Bactrospora, and other genera). They are frequently septate, sometimes being di- vided into two portions—e.^., Parmelia (Fig. 202)—or many, as in Gollema Urceolaria, etc. In the gymnocarpous lichens the as Stock Photo$

RMRDWABB–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 298 BOTANY. aseus (the so-called free cell formation). Usually there is a considerable quantity of the unused protoplasm left over after the ascospores are fully formed (Fig. 304, a, b, c). The usual number of ascospores is eight (Figs. 302, 303, 304), although in exceptional genera they range from one or two (Umbilicaria) to a hundred or more {Bactrospora, and other genera). They are frequently septate, sometimes being di- vided into two portions—e.^., Parmelia (Fig. 202)—or many, as in Gollema Urceolaria, etc. In the gymnocarpous lichens the as

. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 38o FUNGI become asci. In the latter case either certain cells become asci while others remain sterile or the whole body of hyphse form asci. In E. alnitorquus (Sadeb.) these asci have a pedicel-cell; in E. aureus (Sadeb.) there is nothing but asci left at maturity. When the ascospores ger- minate they give rise to a yeast-like sprouting. 3. Saccharomyces (Meyen).—The species of Saccharomyces occur in fermenting substances, and are well known from theirpower of convert- ing sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. Among the familiar species- are S. Stock Photo

RMRE3CJY–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 38o FUNGI become asci. In the latter case either certain cells become asci while others remain sterile or the whole body of hyphse form asci. In E. alnitorquus (Sadeb.) these asci have a pedicel-cell; in E. aureus (Sadeb.) there is nothing but asci left at maturity. When the ascospores ger- minate they give rise to a yeast-like sprouting. 3. Saccharomyces (Meyen).—The species of Saccharomyces occur in fermenting substances, and are well known from theirpower of convert- ing sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. Among the familiar species- are S.

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. Fig. 322.— Pus- tules on the bark of a Chestnut caused by the Chestnut Blight Fungus. From Bulletin 380, U. S. Dept. Agri- culture, 1917.. Fig. 323.— Powdery Mildew on an Apple leaf. The light areas are due to the presence of many sujjerficial hyphae. From Bulletin 185, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. produced {Fig. 322). The summer spores are extruded in threads and spread the disease to other trees. In autumn these same pustules develop deeply buried perithecia in which the ascospores (winter spores) develop. The ascospores germinate the next spring and Stock Photo

RMRDWD30–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. Fig. 322.— Pus- tules on the bark of a Chestnut caused by the Chestnut Blight Fungus. From Bulletin 380, U. S. Dept. Agri- culture, 1917.. Fig. 323.— Powdery Mildew on an Apple leaf. The light areas are due to the presence of many sujjerficial hyphae. From Bulletin 185, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. produced {Fig. 322). The summer spores are extruded in threads and spread the disease to other trees. In autumn these same pustules develop deeply buried perithecia in which the ascospores (winter spores) develop. The ascospores germinate the next spring and

RMRDXT0B–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 86. Common Aspergillus. 1. General appearance showing long conidiophore and sterigmata on end. 2. Perithecia with one ascus and ascospores. 3. Contents from an unripe perithecium. 4. A small part of a mycelium with conidiophore c and spore-bearing sterigmata, young ascogonium a, s. All after DeBary except 1.. , ^,'?- 87. Mouldy maize kernels. 1. Aspergillus (.Stmgmatacystis). 2. Aspergillits. •3. Rhtsopus, 4. PencMium. Charlot

. Botany of the living plant. Botany. Fig. 346. Fig. 3+7- Portioa of the hymenium of the Morel Honey Agaric (Aninllaria mcUea). A, (MoTchdla esculejita). a = asci, each con- young basidium with two primary nuclei, taining eight ascospores. ^ = parapbyses. B, after fusion of the two nuclei. C = a s;j=subhymenial tissue. ( :< 240.) (After basidium of Hypholoma appendicidatum Strasburger.) before the four nuclei derived from the secondary nucleus of the basidium have passed into the four basidiospores. Z)=passage of a nucleus into the basidio- spore. (After Rulilaad.) (From Stras- burger.) asc Stock Photo

RMRDXNWA–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. Fig. 346. Fig. 3+7- Portioa of the hymenium of the Morel Honey Agaric (Aninllaria mcUea). A, (MoTchdla esculejita). a = asci, each con- young basidium with two primary nuclei, taining eight ascospores. ^ = parapbyses. B, after fusion of the two nuclei. C = a s;j=subhymenial tissue. ( :< 240.) (After basidium of Hypholoma appendicidatum Strasburger.) before the four nuclei derived from the secondary nucleus of the basidium have passed into the four basidiospores. Z)=passage of a nucleus into the basidio- spore. (After Rulilaad.) (From Stras- burger.) asc

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 500 SPECIAL PLANT PATHOLOGY temperature conditions were favorable. Asrospores were not expelled during the warm winter rains, but during the summer rains ascospores. Fig. 177.—Spore-sacs or asci with eight two-celled ascospores of chestnut blight fungus (Endothia parasitica). Below diagram showing relative size of pycnospores (left) and ascospores (right). (After Heald, F. D., Bull. 5, Chestnut Tree Blight Com., 1913.) are forcibly expelled in large numbers from the perithecia during an Stock Photo

RMRDE1HF–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 500 SPECIAL PLANT PATHOLOGY temperature conditions were favorable. Asrospores were not expelled during the warm winter rains, but during the summer rains ascospores. Fig. 177.—Spore-sacs or asci with eight two-celled ascospores of chestnut blight fungus (Endothia parasitica). Below diagram showing relative size of pycnospores (left) and ascospores (right). (After Heald, F. D., Bull. 5, Chestnut Tree Blight Com., 1913.) are forcibly expelled in large numbers from the perithecia during an

RMRDXT0H–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 86. Common Aspergillus. 1. General appearance showing long conidiophore and sterigmata on end. 2. Perithecia with one ascus and ascospores. 3. Contents from an unripe perithecium. 4. A small part of a mycelium with conidiophore c and spore-bearing sterigmata, young ascogonium a, s. All after DeBary except 1.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabil

RMRDC2EH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 158 ASCOMYCETES. contain only conidia, whereas those on Almis-incana are said by Sadebeck to contain only ascospores, unless on very rare occasions. In the lower and higher Alps, although both species of alder are not infrequently found together, yet the Exoascus is found only on Alnus incaria, and no species occurs on A. glutinosa. r. Fig. 53.—Exoascus alni-incanae in catkins of Alnus incana. Many of the scales are

RMRDC1N4–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 116.âH7/poderma strobicota on Pinus Strobus. Ascus containing eight ascospores â with gelatinous coats; paraphyses with clavate ends. (After v. Tubeuf.) Fig. 117.âHypoderma strobicoia. Isolated ascospores: with and without a gelatinous coat, and one- or two-celled. (After v. Tubeuf.) some species, but have a delicate stalk in others. The spores, eight in each ascus, are never long and thread-like, but always mu

. A manual of botany. Botany. Fig. 840.. Fig. 841. Fig.SiB. Development of the cleistothecium of EuroHum. a. Pollinoaium. 6. Carpogonium. c. The carpogonium beginning to form asoi. After Kny. Fig. 839. Mature cleistothecium of Burotium. e. Wall. d. Asci containing ascospores. After Kny. Fig. 840. Hymenial layer of the mycelium or hyphie of Peziza convexula. a, &, c, d, e, f. Successive stages of development of the asci and ascospores intermixed with slender para- physes. After Sachs. Fig. 841. Perithecium of Peziza (natural size), with section showing hymenial layer (slightly magnified). A Stock Photo

RMRE0N4H–. A manual of botany. Botany. Fig. 840.. Fig. 841. Fig.SiB. Development of the cleistothecium of EuroHum. a. Pollinoaium. 6. Carpogonium. c. The carpogonium beginning to form asoi. After Kny. Fig. 839. Mature cleistothecium of Burotium. e. Wall. d. Asci containing ascospores. After Kny. Fig. 840. Hymenial layer of the mycelium or hyphie of Peziza convexula. a, &, c, d, e, f. Successive stages of development of the asci and ascospores intermixed with slender para- physes. After Sachs. Fig. 841. Perithecium of Peziza (natural size), with section showing hymenial layer (slightly magnified). A

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. %: >^--. Fig. 176.—A, Vertical section of a pycnidial pustule. The filaments lining the cavity produce the spores that ooze out as " spore-horns;'' B, vertical section of a perithecial pustule. Several of the perithecia are cut so as to show the fulllengths of the necks in the chestnut blight fungus (Endothia parasitica). (After Heald, F. D., Bull. 5, Chestnut Tree Blight Com., 1913.) ture, as well as moisture. There was no expulsion of ascospores under field conditions from lat Stock Photo

RMRDE1HT–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. %: >^--. Fig. 176.—A, Vertical section of a pycnidial pustule. The filaments lining the cavity produce the spores that ooze out as " spore-horns;'' B, vertical section of a perithecial pustule. Several of the perithecia are cut so as to show the fulllengths of the necks in the chestnut blight fungus (Endothia parasitica). (After Heald, F. D., Bull. 5, Chestnut Tree Blight Com., 1913.) ture, as well as moisture. There was no expulsion of ascospores under field conditions from lat

RMRDXRXX–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 92. Powdery Mildew. Sphaerotheca Castagnei. 1. Oogonium .(o) and anther* idium (o). 2. Separation of antheridium cell. 3. Fertilization and formation of addi- tional cells. 5-8. Further development of cells. All greatly magnified. After Harper.. Fig. 93. Powdery Mildew of Grass (.Erysiphe graminis). A. Oidium stage and mycelium m. B. Perithecium witti appendages and mycelium m. C. Perithecium with asci and ascospores. After Fran

. The essentials of botany. Botany. 226 PHYLUM VII. CARPOMYCETEAE the microscope add iodine, which wiU stain the starch-grains blue or purple, and the yeast-plants yellowish. Many of the latter wiU be found in process of budding. (?) Repeat experiment q on page 103 for production of carbon dioxide by yeast. (r) Spread a little "compressed" yeast on a fresh-cut slice of potato or carrot; cover with a tumbler or bell-jar to keep it moist; after a few days (four to eight) examine for cells which are producing ascospores. (s) Commercial Truffles are natives of Europe, but they may be obt Stock Photo

RMRDWC3E–. The essentials of botany. Botany. 226 PHYLUM VII. CARPOMYCETEAE the microscope add iodine, which wiU stain the starch-grains blue or purple, and the yeast-plants yellowish. Many of the latter wiU be found in process of budding. (?) Repeat experiment q on page 103 for production of carbon dioxide by yeast. (r) Spread a little "compressed" yeast on a fresh-cut slice of potato or carrot; cover with a tumbler or bell-jar to keep it moist; after a few days (four to eight) examine for cells which are producing ascospores. (s) Commercial Truffles are natives of Europe, but they may be obt

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 108. Ciavueps purpurea^ TuL A sderotium wbich has given rise to seven stromata. Supper portion of a stroma in median longitudinal section; cp perithecia. C highly magnified perithedum divided through the middle with the surrounding parts; cp orifice, sk cortical tissue, ky inner tissue of the stroma. D ascus isolated; sfi ascospores issuing. After Tulasne from Sachs" Lehrbuch. A natural size. B slighdy, C and D highly magnified. Fig. 109. Ciavicepi purpurea, Stock Photo

RMRDCRXR–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 108. Ciavueps purpurea^ TuL A sderotium wbich has given rise to seven stromata. Supper portion of a stroma in median longitudinal section; cp perithecia. C highly magnified perithedum divided through the middle with the surrounding parts; cp orifice, sk cortical tissue, ky inner tissue of the stroma. D ascus isolated; sfi ascospores issuing. After Tulasne from Sachs" Lehrbuch. A natural size. B slighdy, C and D highly magnified. Fig. 109. Ciavicepi purpurea,

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. P TRENOMYCETES. 293 â ascus contains eight ovate ascospores, wliicli are two-parted, ^s is the case in many other members of this order (5, Fig. 200). The ascospores escape through a pore in the top of the ascus, and in from three to five days begin to ger- minate by sending out a tube or small hypha; sometimes two or more hyphse start out from a single ascospore (6, Fig. 200). 388.âBesides the perithecia, there are other cavities found which much resemble them, but which contain other supposed reproductive bodies. In one kind are found the stylo Stock Photo

RMRDWACG–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. P TRENOMYCETES. 293 â ascus contains eight ovate ascospores, wliicli are two-parted, ^s is the case in many other members of this order (5, Fig. 200). The ascospores escape through a pore in the top of the ascus, and in from three to five days begin to ger- minate by sending out a tube or small hypha; sometimes two or more hyphse start out from a single ascospore (6, Fig. 200). 388.âBesides the perithecia, there are other cavities found which much resemble them, but which contain other supposed reproductive bodies. In one kind are found the stylo

RMRDXT2E–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI—YEAST 251. , .J^S- 78. Yeast. Sacckaromyces cerevisiae. 1. Single cell with vacuoles. 2. Cells budding X 1500. 3. Numerous daughter cells x 1000. 4. Cell with ascospores x 1200. 5. S. ellipsoideus. 1-4 Modified from I^uerssen and Rees; 5 after Hansen. Alcohol in its action is a germicide and when applied to the raw surface or wounds it is a stimulant and local anaesthetic, while in concentrated form it is an irrita

$. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. EMBRYOPHYTA—BRYOPHYTA c 309. Fig. 116. A. Lichen—Iceland Moss {Ceiraris islandica). p. Paraphyses. a. Asci. b. Ascospores. s.^ Subhymenial layer, g. Gonidia or alga. h. Plyphae. r. "Cortical" portion. B. Lichen. iSynalissa symphorea) sending its hyphae into an alga Gloeocapsa. C. Archegon- ium of fern {Poiypodium vulgare) with egg cell. b. Antheridium with sperm cells, c. Single- coiled sperm cell. D. Liverwort {Marchantia Stock Photo$

RMRDYDKX–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. EMBRYOPHYTA—BRYOPHYTA c 309. Fig. 116. A. Lichen—Iceland Moss {Ceiraris islandica). p. Paraphyses. a. Asci. b. Ascospores. s.^ Subhymenial layer, g. Gonidia or alga. h. Plyphae. r. "Cortical" portion. B. Lichen. iSynalissa symphorea) sending its hyphae into an alga Gloeocapsa. C. Archegon- ium of fern {Poiypodium vulgare) with egg cell. b. Antheridium with sperm cells, c. Single- coiled sperm cell. D. Liverwort {Marchantia

. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. ELM DISEASES 153 every season on the leaves in late autumn just before the leaves fall. The first indications of the spots are seen on the upper surface of the leaf. The dead leaf-tissue is grayish, and either scat- tered over the spot or grouped in the center are one or more black pustules (Fig. 21). The under sur- face of the leaf shows no evidence of the spot until later in the season, when brown dead areas appear with a few raised pustules. After the leaves fall to the ground, fruiting-bodies containing ascospores de- velop which are the source of primary Stock Photo

RMRDFE2H–. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. ELM DISEASES 153 every season on the leaves in late autumn just before the leaves fall. The first indications of the spots are seen on the upper surface of the leaf. The dead leaf-tissue is grayish, and either scat- tered over the spot or grouped in the center are one or more black pustules (Fig. 21). The under sur- face of the leaf shows no evidence of the spot until later in the season, when brown dead areas appear with a few raised pustules. After the leaves fall to the ground, fruiting-bodies containing ascospores de- velop which are the source of primary

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. P YBEN0MT0ETE8. 293 ascus contains eight ovate ascospores, wliioh are two-parted, as is the case in many other members of this order (5, Fig. 200). The ascospores escape through a jDore in the top of the ascus, and in from three to five days begin to ger- minate by sending out a tube or small hypha; sometimes two or more hyphae start out from a single ascospore (6, Fig. 300). 388.—Besides the perithecia, there are other cavities found which much resemble them, but which contain other supposed reproductive bodies. In one kind are found the stylosp Stock Photo

RMRDWA1F–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. P YBEN0MT0ETE8. 293 ascus contains eight ovate ascospores, wliioh are two-parted, as is the case in many other members of this order (5, Fig. 200). The ascospores escape through a jDore in the top of the ascus, and in from three to five days begin to ger- minate by sending out a tube or small hypha; sometimes two or more hyphae start out from a single ascospore (6, Fig. 300). 388.—Besides the perithecia, there are other cavities found which much resemble them, but which contain other supposed reproductive bodies. In one kind are found the stylosp

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Fig. 9X&.—Parmelia aipolia. A, a portion of a thallus with two apothecia a», and several spermasonia. «, a. B, transverse section of tiiallus tlirough an apothe- cium ; cc, cortical layer of pseudo-parenchyma; j7, g', sonidial Inyery ; cm, medul- lary layer j h,h, liypothecium ; ^,/, ^. ^thc hymeriiimi ; jfA, asci (thecae) witli ascospores. (7, section through three spermai;onia, s..', s; rh, rh. rhizoids. D, ctcrigmata from the interior of a spermagouium, bearing speriuaLia s' 8', AftQt'. Please note that these images are extracted from scan Stock Photo

RMRDW9TM–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Fig. 9X&.—Parmelia aipolia. A, a portion of a thallus with two apothecia a», and several spermasonia. «, a. B, transverse section of tiiallus tlirough an apothe- cium ; cc, cortical layer of pseudo-parenchyma; j7, g', sonidial Inyery ; cm, medul- lary layer j h,h, liypothecium ; ^,/, ^. ^thc hymeriiimi ; jfA, asci (thecae) witli ascospores. (7, section through three spermai;onia, s..', s; rh, rh. rhizoids. D, ctcrigmata from the interior of a spermagouium, bearing speriuaLia s' 8', AftQt'. Please note that these images are extracted from scan

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 204 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Germ tubes from ascospores or conidia enter the cortex and develop a rich mycelimn in the sieve tubes and soft host. This advances most rapidly during the dormant period of the bast. White or yellow stromata the size of a pin- head appear and bear numerous conidia. Later come the red perithecia whose ascospores ripen in winter or spring. N. ribis (Tode) Rab. Fig. 144.—n. ipo- Cespitose, Stroma compact; perithecia sub- of perithecia. globose, smooth; ostiole papillate; asci subclavate, After H Stock Photo

RMRDDBM1–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 204 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Germ tubes from ascospores or conidia enter the cortex and develop a rich mycelimn in the sieve tubes and soft host. This advances most rapidly during the dormant period of the bast. White or yellow stromata the size of a pin- head appear and bear numerous conidia. Later come the red perithecia whose ascospores ripen in winter or spring. N. ribis (Tode) Rab. Fig. 144.—n. ipo- Cespitose, Stroma compact; perithecia sub- of perithecia. globose, smooth; ostiole papillate; asci subclavate, After H

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 128 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE .-â tents crowds toward the tips of these cells and a basal septum cuts off the ascus proper from the stalk cell, Fig. 88. The spores then form within the ascus. The ascospores may bud either before or after extrusion from the ascus, pro- ducing conidia, which may themselves bud indefinitely, producing secondary, tertiary, etc., crops. In this condition the conidia strongly resemble yeast cells. On the host plant ascospores germinate by germ tubes, which are ca- p a b 1 e of infecting prope Stock Photo

RMRDE6K9–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 128 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE .-â tents crowds toward the tips of these cells and a basal septum cuts off the ascus proper from the stalk cell, Fig. 88. The spores then form within the ascus. The ascospores may bud either before or after extrusion from the ascus, pro- ducing conidia, which may themselves bud indefinitely, producing secondary, tertiary, etc., crops. In this condition the conidia strongly resemble yeast cells. On the host plant ascospores germinate by germ tubes, which are ca- p a b 1 e of infecting prope

. Manual of bacteriology. Bacteriology. ISO FUNGI: NON-PATHOGENIC AND PATHOGENIC. number of spores, to which the special name of ascospores is applied. Perisporiaceae: (i) Aspergillus Niger (vide Fig. 6i, C).— This, with other varieties of the same group is of frequent. Fig. 6i. — A. Mucor mucedo; (i), (2), (3) stages in formation of a zygospore; (4) a sporangium containing spores. B. Oidium lactis. C. Aspergillus glaucus (De Bary) ; (i) mycelium; (2) abd (5) gonidiophore bearing spores; (3), (4) a perithecium (4 con- tains rudimentary asci) ; (6) piece of gonidiophore; (a) sterigma; (*) spore Stock Photo

RMRE4MEM–. Manual of bacteriology. Bacteriology. ISO FUNGI: NON-PATHOGENIC AND PATHOGENIC. number of spores, to which the special name of ascospores is applied. Perisporiaceae: (i) Aspergillus Niger (vide Fig. 6i, C).— This, with other varieties of the same group is of frequent. Fig. 6i. — A. Mucor mucedo; (i), (2), (3) stages in formation of a zygospore; (4) a sporangium containing spores. B. Oidium lactis. C. Aspergillus glaucus (De Bary) ; (i) mycelium; (2) abd (5) gonidiophore bearing spores; (3), (4) a perithecium (4 con- tains rudimentary asci) ; (6) piece of gonidiophore; (a) sterigma; (*) spore

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fio. 155.âP. morbosa. b. magnified section of a knot showing the penthecia; c, conidiophores and conidia; d. section of a peri- thecmm showing numerous asci, one of which is shown more highly magnified at Â«,â /several of the two-celled ascospores germinating m water. After Longyear. P. morbosa (Schw.) Sacc.'^="i^"' =â¢>Â« Stromata elongate, cushion-shaped, rarely tubercular, up to 2 or. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colorati Stock Photo

RMRDDBGG–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fio. 155.âP. morbosa. b. magnified section of a knot showing the penthecia; c, conidiophores and conidia; d. section of a peri- thecmm showing numerous asci, one of which is shown more highly magnified at Â«,â /several of the two-celled ascospores germinating m water. After Longyear. P. morbosa (Schw.) Sacc.'^="i^"' =â¢>Â« Stromata elongate, cushion-shaped, rarely tubercular, up to 2 or. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colorati

. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. 240 PEZIZA inner surface of the cup. These form a pahsade-Uke layer (the hymenium, h.) composed of numerous elongated sporangia or asci (Fig. 127, A, a-j), interspersed with the slender hair-hke ends of barren hyphffi [p.). Each ascus contains eight eUipsoidal ascospores {e, f), which are liberated when mature through a terminal aperture on contact with moist air. Mere breathing on a ripe fruit-body may often cause the liberation of a cloud of spores.. Fig. 127.—Peziza vesiculosa. B, Section of half an'apothe Stock Photo

RMRDWPMH–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. 240 PEZIZA inner surface of the cup. These form a pahsade-Uke layer (the hymenium, h.) composed of numerous elongated sporangia or asci (Fig. 127, A, a-j), interspersed with the slender hair-hke ends of barren hyphffi [p.). Each ascus contains eight eUipsoidal ascospores {e, f), which are liberated when mature through a terminal aperture on contact with moist air. Mere breathing on a ripe fruit-body may often cause the liberation of a cloud of spores.. Fig. 127.—Peziza vesiculosa. B, Section of half an'apothe

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 322. —Pus- tules on the bark of n Chestnut caused by the Chestnut Blight Fungus. From Bulletin 380, U. S. Dept. Agri- culture, 1917. Fig. 323. — Powdery Mildew on an Apple leaf. The light areas arc due to the presence of many superficial hyphae. From BuUelin ISO, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. produced {Fig. 322). The summer spores are extruded in threads and spread the disease to other trees. In autumn these same pustules develop deeply buried perithecia in which the ascospores (winter spores) develop. The ascospores germinate the next spring and when c Stock Photo

RMRDCYCC–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 322. —Pus- tules on the bark of n Chestnut caused by the Chestnut Blight Fungus. From Bulletin 380, U. S. Dept. Agri- culture, 1917. Fig. 323. — Powdery Mildew on an Apple leaf. The light areas arc due to the presence of many superficial hyphae. From BuUelin ISO, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. produced {Fig. 322). The summer spores are extruded in threads and spread the disease to other trees. In autumn these same pustules develop deeply buried perithecia in which the ascospores (winter spores) develop. The ascospores germinate the next spring and when c

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 132 MYCOLOGY Other without paraphyses, so that they form a velvety layer on the surface of the host plant. Eight ascospores are generally found, as in the genus Exoascus, but in Taphrina (Taphria) the number may be increased considerably by budding, so that the whole ascus will be. Fig. 42.—Exoascus and Taphrina. A—F, Exoascus pruni, A. Appearance on diseased twig; B, cross-section of diseased fruit; C. mycelium in tissues of host; D, young asci; E, mature ascus with spores; F, germinat Stock Photo

RMRDEFPR–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 132 MYCOLOGY Other without paraphyses, so that they form a velvety layer on the surface of the host plant. Eight ascospores are generally found, as in the genus Exoascus, but in Taphrina (Taphria) the number may be increased considerably by budding, so that the whole ascus will be. Fig. 42.—Exoascus and Taphrina. A—F, Exoascus pruni, A. Appearance on diseased twig; B, cross-section of diseased fruit; C. mycelium in tissues of host; D, young asci; E, mature ascus with spores; F, germinat

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 38. Cantaloup Diseases. a. Soft rot, b. individual germs of soft rot (a. and 6. after Giddings), c. young cantaloup plant artificially inoculated with Mycosphserella wilt, d. section through a perithecium of Mycospheerella citrullina, showing immature asci, e. ascospores of M. citrullina (c. to e. after Grossenbacher),/. Altemaria leaf blieht, g. Conidiophores and spore of Macrosporium cucumerinum (a^âcâ ^Â»iisÂ«.yj--= .Â»= .v. - .;â -i^i;â.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been di Stock Photo

RMRDE0EM–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 38. Cantaloup Diseases. a. Soft rot, b. individual germs of soft rot (a. and 6. after Giddings), c. young cantaloup plant artificially inoculated with Mycosphserella wilt, d. section through a perithecium of Mycospheerella citrullina, showing immature asci, e. ascospores of M. citrullina (c. to e. after Grossenbacher),/. Altemaria leaf blieht, g. Conidiophores and spore of Macrosporium cucumerinum (a^âcâ ^Â»iisÂ«.yj--= .Â»= .v. - .;â -i^i;â.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been di

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 152 MYCOLOGY. Fig. 52.—A, Tuber cuslhmm fruit-body; B, Tuber magnaium fruit-body; C, Tuber brumalef. melanosporum, section through fruit-body; D, Tuber excavatum, section of fruit-body; E, Tuber astivum f. mesentericum, piece of fruit-body near pcridium en- larged; G, piece of Tuber excavatum enlarged; H, Tuber rufum, fruit-body magnified showing asci and ascospores; J, Tuber brumale, ascia with spores; K, Tuber magnatuni', ascus with spores. {See Die natUrlichcn PJlanzenfamilien I. i, Stock Photo

RMRDEFM2–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 152 MYCOLOGY. Fig. 52.—A, Tuber cuslhmm fruit-body; B, Tuber magnaium fruit-body; C, Tuber brumalef. melanosporum, section through fruit-body; D, Tuber excavatum, section of fruit-body; E, Tuber astivum f. mesentericum, piece of fruit-body near pcridium en- larged; G, piece of Tuber excavatum enlarged; H, Tuber rufum, fruit-body magnified showing asci and ascospores; J, Tuber brumale, ascia with spores; K, Tuber magnatuni', ascus with spores. {See Die natUrlichcn PJlanzenfamilien I. i,

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 92.-|-Sclerotinia on plum, o, section showing a spore pustule and chains of conidia; 6, part of a spore-chain; c, spores germinating; d, a mummy plum and ascophores; e, an ascophore; /, ascus; g, mature spores. After Longyear. in nature, usually at blossom time of the host, can also produce apothecia, a fact first demonstrated by Norton. ^^ These apothecia develop in large numbers from old fruits half buried in soil, and send forth ascospores to aid in infection. The ascospores germinate readily in water and it was proved by N Stock Photo

RMRDE6HG–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 92.-|-Sclerotinia on plum, o, section showing a spore pustule and chains of conidia; 6, part of a spore-chain; c, spores germinating; d, a mummy plum and ascophores; e, an ascophore; /, ascus; g, mature spores. After Longyear. in nature, usually at blossom time of the host, can also produce apothecia, a fact first demonstrated by Norton. ^^ These apothecia develop in large numbers from old fruits half buried in soil, and send forth ascospores to aid in infection. The ascospores germinate readily in water and it was proved by N

. Bacteriology and the public health. Bacteriology; Public health. 102 BACTERIA AND FERMENTATION Saccharomyces Ellipsoidus /.—Round, oval, or sausage-shaped cells, single or in chains; ascospores in twenty-four hours at 25° C. (not above 30° C., not below 4° C). Grown on the sm-face of wort gelatine, a network is produced by which they can be recognised (in eight to twelve days at 33° C). At 13-15° C. a characteristic branching mass is producedi It is an alcoholic ferment as active as QB ^^^ op y 0 JO Fig. 15.—Diagram of S. cerei)ts«e. Fig. 16.—Diagram of 5. dliji&oidcius. S. cerevisice. Stock Photo

RMRE3H8T–. Bacteriology and the public health. Bacteriology; Public health. 102 BACTERIA AND FERMENTATION Saccharomyces Ellipsoidus /.—Round, oval, or sausage-shaped cells, single or in chains; ascospores in twenty-four hours at 25° C. (not above 30° C., not below 4° C). Grown on the sm-face of wort gelatine, a network is produced by which they can be recognised (in eight to twelve days at 33° C). At 13-15° C. a characteristic branching mass is producedi It is an alcoholic ferment as active as QB ^^^ op y 0 JO Fig. 15.—Diagram of S. cerei)ts«e. Fig. 16.—Diagram of 5. dliji&oidcius. S. cerevisice.

. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. 164 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Chief characters: A low, or bottom-fermentation yeast, which inverts and ferments cane-sugar. Ordinary cells ovoid or globoid, ranging from 5 to 9^ in diameter, though smaller and larger ones occur. Ascospores formed in from 2 to 4 days, at 25° C. and lower. Aerobian forms, as films, of pyriform, or sausage-shaped cells are developed in wort in 21 days. Occurs in "home-brewed ginger- beer, " and is the predominant form in the so-called "Ginger-beer plant. " Wh Stock Photo

RMRDR85E–. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. 164 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Chief characters: A low, or bottom-fermentation yeast, which inverts and ferments cane-sugar. Ordinary cells ovoid or globoid, ranging from 5 to 9^ in diameter, though smaller and larger ones occur. Ascospores formed in from 2 to 4 days, at 25° C. and lower. Aerobian forms, as films, of pyriform, or sausage-shaped cells are developed in wort in 21 days. Occurs in "home-brewed ginger- beer, " and is the predominant form in the so-called "Ginger-beer plant. " Wh

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Kg. WSa.—Parmelia aipolia. A, a portion of a thallus with two apothecia, ap, and several spermagonia. fi, fi. 5, transverse section of thallus through an apothe- cinm ; cc, cortical layer of pseudo-parenchyma ; g, g gonidial layers ; cm, medul- lary layer ; h. h, hypothecium ; t, t^ t, t, the hymenium ; t?i, asci (thecae), with ascospores. C, section through three spermagonia, s.s,s; rh'.rh, rhizoids. D, stcrigmata from the interior of a spermagonium, bearing spermalia, s «'.—After Tulasne.. Please note that these images are extracted from scan Stock Photo

RMRDWABR–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Kg. WSa.—Parmelia aipolia. A, a portion of a thallus with two apothecia, ap, and several spermagonia. fi, fi. 5, transverse section of thallus through an apothe- cinm ; cc, cortical layer of pseudo-parenchyma ; g, g gonidial layers ; cm, medul- lary layer ; h. h, hypothecium ; t, t^ t, t, the hymenium ; t?i, asci (thecae), with ascospores. C, section through three spermagonia, s.s,s; rh'.rh, rhizoids. D, stcrigmata from the interior of a spermagonium, bearing spermalia, s «'.—After Tulasne.. Please note that these images are extracted from scan

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 265. asci subclavate, fugaceous, 55-70 fi; ascospores allantoic!, 12- 22 X 3-5 yn; conidial stage ( = Gloeosporium rufomaculans) with small sori, developing in more or less concentric circles, usually soon rupturing and pushing out spores in small pinkish masses; spores hyaline to greenish, chiefly oblong, unicellular 10- 28 X 3.5-7 M- The conidial stage of this fungus was first described by Rev. M. J. Berkeley in 1854 as a Septoria. It was later transferred to the form genus Gloeosporium under w Stock Photo

RMRDDAYD–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 265. asci subclavate, fugaceous, 55-70 fi; ascospores allantoic!, 12- 22 X 3-5 yn; conidial stage ( = Gloeosporium rufomaculans) with small sori, developing in more or less concentric circles, usually soon rupturing and pushing out spores in small pinkish masses; spores hyaline to greenish, chiefly oblong, unicellular 10- 28 X 3.5-7 M- The conidial stage of this fungus was first described by Rev. M. J. Berkeley in 1854 as a Septoria. It was later transferred to the form genus Gloeosporium under w

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 21. Figure5.—Schisochora pandani (No. 408) on Pandanus odoratissimus: a, a stroma showing its sub-epidermal development, also the mycelium in the epider- mal cells and in the mesophyll; b, ascus; c, ascospores. 23. SCIRRHIA (Nitschke) Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 220, 1869 No. 33. Scirrhia lophodermioides, El. and Ev. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI., vol. 22, p. 435, 1895 On dead grass. Heller no. 2368. 24. APIOSPORA Sacc. Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat., vol. 4, p. 9, 1875 No. 34. Apiospora montagnei Sacc, Ou Cortaderia argentea, Pampas grass. Hawaii, Kealakekua, Stock Photo

RMRPY2G2–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 21. Figure5.—Schisochora pandani (No. 408) on Pandanus odoratissimus: a, a stroma showing its sub-epidermal development, also the mycelium in the epider- mal cells and in the mesophyll; b, ascus; c, ascospores. 23. SCIRRHIA (Nitschke) Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 220, 1869 No. 33. Scirrhia lophodermioides, El. and Ev. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI., vol. 22, p. 435, 1895 On dead grass. Heller no. 2368. 24. APIOSPORA Sacc. Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat., vol. 4, p. 9, 1875 No. 34. Apiospora montagnei Sacc, Ou Cortaderia argentea, Pampas grass. Hawaii, Kealakekua,

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Figure5.—Schisochora pandani (No. 408) on Pandanus odoratissimus: a, a stroma showing its sub-epidermal development, also the mycelium in the epider- mal cells and in the mesophyll; b, ascus; c, ascospores. 23. SCIRRHIA (Nitschke) Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 220, 1869 No. 33. Scirrhia lophodermioides, El. and Ev. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI., vol. 22, p. 435, 1895 On dead grass. Heller no. 2368. 24. APIOSPORA Sacc. Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat., vol. 4, p. 9, 1875 No. 34. Apiospora montagnei Sacc, Ou Cortaderia argentea, Pampas grass. Hawaii, Kealakekua, July 23, no. 933. (See fig. Stock Photo

RMRPY2FN–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Figure5.—Schisochora pandani (No. 408) on Pandanus odoratissimus: a, a stroma showing its sub-epidermal development, also the mycelium in the epider- mal cells and in the mesophyll; b, ascus; c, ascospores. 23. SCIRRHIA (Nitschke) Fuckel, Symb. Myc, p. 220, 1869 No. 33. Scirrhia lophodermioides, El. and Ev. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI., vol. 22, p. 435, 1895 On dead grass. Heller no. 2368. 24. APIOSPORA Sacc. Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat., vol. 4, p. 9, 1875 No. 34. Apiospora montagnei Sacc, Ou Cortaderia argentea, Pampas grass. Hawaii, Kealakekua, July 23, no. 933. (See fig.

. Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup;. Fungi. Tab. II.. Fig. 14: Cudoniella minima sp. nov., asci G^ sp. -p. — Fig. 15: Rutstroemia firma Fries, JIHl ** 4(111 germinating ascospores -j-. — Fig. 16-18: Beloniella brunellae Lind, hab.-^, sp. & asci -j-. Fig. 19: Scutularia multiguttulata Rostrup -p. — Fig. 20-21: Scleroderris difformis Rostrup. perithecia =?•, asci &- sp. —. — Fig. 22: Samarospora potamogetonis Rostrup, asci & sp. *£ Fig. 23-24: Myiocropon lycopodii Rostrup, on Lycopodium complanatum-=-, asc. 6^ 401) t;.-„ 1^ IS. Ti^tUiri^, ,ii,„c;, F.;„c i™ Stock Photo

RMRE38P4–. Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup;. Fungi. Tab. II.. Fig. 14: Cudoniella minima sp. nov., asci G^ sp. -p. — Fig. 15: Rutstroemia firma Fries, JIHl ** 4(111 germinating ascospores -j-. — Fig. 16-18: Beloniella brunellae Lind, hab.-^, sp. & asci -j-. Fig. 19: Scutularia multiguttulata Rostrup -p. — Fig. 20-21: Scleroderris difformis Rostrup. perithecia =?•, asci &- sp. —. — Fig. 22: Samarospora potamogetonis Rostrup, asci & sp. *£ Fig. 23-24: Myiocropon lycopodii Rostrup, on Lycopodium complanatum-=-, asc. 6^ 401) t;.-„ 1^ IS. Ti^tUiri^, ,ii,„c;, F.;„c i™

RMRDXT14–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 84. Common Blue Mould (Penicilium glaucum). 1. Conidiophore, spores in chains. 2. Sclero.tiura or hard compact mass of fungus (threads hyphae) with asci and ascospores. Asci and ascospores shown above. Brefeld.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work..

RMRDXRYM–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI—ASPERGILLUS 267. Fig. 89a. Aspergillus nidulans. 1. Conidiophore. 2. Branch of mycelium with asci and ascospores, magnified. 2. Asci. 3. Cross section. Ascus. All greatly magnified. (After Eidam.). prolonged to form a short tube or beak; numerous transparent asci arise from the base of the perithecium, these contain the ascospores; between the asci slender filiform bodies, called the paraphyses. Polymorphic fungi w

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Wig. 1^.—Tuber me- lanosporum. A, a por- tion of a transverse sec- tion, showing the asci, with contained asco- spores ; B, an ascua with ripe ascospores. Both mnrh magnified.— After Tulasne. Fig. 193. — Penicillium cha/rtarumy siiowing co- nidia-bearing hypha; at the side is shown an iso- lated chain of conidia. Magnified.—After Coolse.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origin Stock Photo

RMRDWADX–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Wig. 1^.—Tuber me- lanosporum. A, a por- tion of a transverse sec- tion, showing the asci, with contained asco- spores ; B, an ascua with ripe ascospores. Both mnrh magnified.— After Tulasne. Fig. 193. — Penicillium cha/rtarumy siiowing co- nidia-bearing hypha; at the side is shown an iso- lated chain of conidia. Magnified.—After Coolse.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origin

. Plant physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 23.—Saccharomyces cerevisia I. Film of an old culture. {After E. Hansen.) CCD. % P>' Fig. 24.—Saccharomyces pastorianus I. Fig. 25.—Saccharomyces pastorianus Ascospores. (.After E. Hansen.) III. Young cells of the sediment. {After E. Hansen.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Palladin, Vladimir Ivanovich, 1859-1922; Livingston, Burton Edward, 1875-; Hopping, Aleit Stock Photo

RMRDXTJ7–. Plant physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 23.—Saccharomyces cerevisia I. Film of an old culture. {After E. Hansen.) CCD. % P>' Fig. 24.—Saccharomyces pastorianus I. Fig. 25.—Saccharomyces pastorianus Ascospores. (.After E. Hansen.) III. Young cells of the sediment. {After E. Hansen.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Palladin, Vladimir Ivanovich, 1859-1922; Livingston, Burton Edward, 1875-; Hopping, Aleit

RMRDXT1C–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI—PI-IACIDIUM 255. Fig. 83. Section through apothecium found on leaf; the asci, ascospores and mycelium. Combs.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Pammel, L. H. (Louis Hermann), 1862-1931. Cedar Rapids, Ia. , The Torch Press

RMRDW245–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. 280 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS. Fig. 99. Black Spot of Grasses (.Phyllachora graminis). A. Cross section of leaf through a black mass of the fungus. P. Perithecia. B. An ascus with ascospores. a, b. Spots on grass leaf caused by the fungus. After Frank and Trelease. Phyllachora graminis (Pers.) Fckl. Stroma scattered or confluent, penetrating the leaf and more or less prom- inent on both, sides, covered by a black and shining epiderm

RMRDXT1P–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 81. Tuberaceae. Truffles. 1. Tuber ruhrum. Part of interior of a truffle, show- ing hyphae, asci, and ascospores, greatly magnified.^ 2. T. aestivum, fruiting body. 3. T. brumale, section of truffle. 4. Ascospore of T. Magnatum. 1, 3, 5, after Tulasne. 2 after Wettstein. ing to the lower surface. The spot contains a small pustule called the apothe- cium, which is cup-shaped. This cup-shaped body contains the asci (sacs) in which

. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. PLATE XXVIII.. a, d, g. E. radicalis. b, e, h, j. E. gyrosa. c, f, i, k. E. gyrosa var. parasitica, p. 367. a-c. ascospores ; d-f. spores in ascus ; g-i. conidial spores ; j-k. isolated perithecia, k. showing mycelium from germinating ascospores witliin. SPORE STAGES OF THREE AMERICAN ENDOTHIAS.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-1960 Stock Photo

RMRDFE3P–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. PLATE XXVIII.. a, d, g. E. radicalis. b, e, h, j. E. gyrosa. c, f, i, k. E. gyrosa var. parasitica, p. 367. a-c. ascospores ; d-f. spores in ascus ; g-i. conidial spores ; j-k. isolated perithecia, k. showing mycelium from germinating ascospores witliin. SPORE STAGES OF THREE AMERICAN ENDOTHIAS.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-1960

RMRDXT1G–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 81. Tuberaceae. Truffles. 1. Tuber ruhrum. Part of interior of a truffle, show- ing hyphae, asci, and ascospores, greatly magnified.^ 2. T. aestivum, fruiting body. 3. T. brumale, section of truffle. 4. Ascospore of T. Magnatum. 1, 3, 5, after Tulasne. 2 after Wettstein. ing to the lower surface. The spot contains a small pustule called the apothe- cium, which is cup-shaped. This cup-shaped body contains the asci (sacs) in which

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