RMPG4CAK–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 96 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. as it was described in Peziza Sclerotiorum, &c. (Fig. 43), which is extended by stretching into a thin membrane, it becomes a question whether the thickenings in the cases we are considering are not extended in the same way into thin membranes with the expansion of the ascus, and are to be considered therefore as reserve-pieces of membrane destined to be extended and to assist in the ejection of the spores, and comparable with th
RMRWK5KN–The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 172 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. composed of slender sacs (Asri), liaving lliread-slmpod cells intermiypd ; and each ascus contains lew or several spores, wliicli are commonly double or treble. Most Lichens are flat expansions of grayish hue ; some of them foliaceous in texture, but never of bright green color; more are crusta- ceous; some are wholly pulverulent and nenrly formless. But in several the vegetation leuglheus into an axis (as in Fig. 5SO), or imitates
RM2CDCDBD–. Fungous diseases of plants, with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . nd many periphy-ses. The mature asci are long-clavate. Eachascus contains eight filiform spores, averaging60-70/z in length, which issue from the tipof the ascus and readily germinate in water(Fig. 106, c). Control. Proper precautions in the selec-tion of the grain seed, together with thoroughpreparation of the land, obviate any danger inthe case of rye. When detected in the har-vested product, the sclerotia must be shakenout or the product discarded. When ergotappears in abundance on grasses in the pas-
RFPNDXRG–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCTJEE–. Fig. 21s. Ä, B Meliola amphitricha Fr., Habitus. A auf Psidium pomiferum L.; B auf Älyxia stellata. — C, D M. corallina Mont. C Ascusfrucht von außen, vergr.; D Scheitel der Ascusfrucht von oben, stärker vergr. — E M. clavispora Fat., Ascusfrucbt in Dehiscenz, vergr. — F M. furcata Löv., Ascnsfrucht und Anhängsel, vergr. — 0 M. Musae Mont., Ascusfrucht mit Anhängseln, vergr., einzelnes Anhängsel und Sporen stark vergr. — H M. amphitricha Fr., 2sporiger Ascus, und M. furcata Löv., 4sporiger Ascus, stark vergr. — J M. hyalospora Lev., Asci, stark vergr. — KM. Wrightii Berk. et Curt., Conidient
RMPG1RC5–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. THALLOPHYTA. 693 and Coleochseteae of the class Gamophycese of Green Algse. Thus the same Alga serves for many different Lichens. Classifying Lichens according to the characters of the fungal constituent, we find members of the following families: Discomycetes, Pyrenomycetes, Hymeno- mycetes, and Gasteromycetes. We may therefore speak of 4 families of Lichens: Biscolichenes, PyrenoUchenes, HymenoUchen'es, and Gasterolichenes. Discolichenes.—^AU produce asci in apothecia after the manner of Discomycet
RMRWPRNH–Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] A perithecium broken open to show the asci. Mildews. — Another group of fungi that are of considerable economic importance is made up of the sac fungi. Such fungi are commonly called mildews. Some of the most easily obtained specimens come from the lilac, rose, or willow. These fungi do not penetrate the host plant to any depth, but cover the leaves of the host with the whitish threads of the mycelium. Hence they may be killed by me
RMREXDAP–. Lichens. Lichens. LICHEN ASCI AND SPORES 187 than in fungi; in many instances some or all of the spores in the ascus are imperfectly formed, and the full complement is frequently lacking, possibly owing to some occurrence of adverse conditions during the long slow development of the apothecium. In the larger number of genera and species the spores are small bodies, but in some, as for instance in the Pertusariae and in some Pyrenocarpeae, they exceed in size all known fungus spores. In Varicellaria microsticta, a rare crustaceous lichen of high moun- tains, the solitary i-septate spore measu
RFPNE1CT–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCR79P–. (B. 746.) Fig- 138. Monospora cnspidata Mktschnikokk. 1—7. Vegetative Zust.ände, in Sprossung begriffen. 8 bis 9. Junge Asci, 10. Reifer Ascus mit seiner nadeiförmigen Spore. II. Spore, seitlich sprossend. 12 Stück vom Hinterleibc eines kleinen Krebses (Daphnia), von dem Pilze befallen; bei abc in der Leibeshöhle befindliche Sporen, von Blutkörperchen umgeben ; viele Sporen finden sich auch in der Darm wand D und im Darmlumen. 13. Stück aus dem Vordertheile eines Daphnia- Körpers. D Darmwand, bei bc und a von den nadeiförmigen Schlauchsporen durchbohrt, um welche sich zahlreiche Blutkörperch
RMPG2145–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 244 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. The small rod-like cells which sprout from the cells of the spores of Nectria inaurata and N. Lamyi * while still inside the ascus, filling it quite full and giving rise to strange misunderstandings, may also be mentioned in this place, though it is not very probable that they are of the same significance. The point of agreement between all these forms lies in their outward resemblance and in the absence of any certain
RMT1HGR4–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 168 ASCOMYCETES. J'v, the upper surface of the leaf (Fig. 04), and the upper epidermis alone bears the asci. In the pustules, the leaf may be two to four times as thick as healthy parts. The greatly increased thickness is due for the most part to enlargement of the cells of the mesophyll, while at the same time their normal arrangement is completely lost (Figs. 65, 66). The elements of the tibro- vas
RM2AWN4W2–Oidium or powdery mildew of the vine . A B Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of Perithecia on Surface of Leaf.A. Magnified 8 times. B. Magnified 35 times. OIDIUM OR POWDERY MILDEW OP THE VINE. 323 A mature perithecium consists of a nearly spherical case containing from four to eight cell-sacks called asci. The walls of this case arestrong and resistant to cold and other unfavorable conditions whichdestroy the summer forms of the fungus. They are made up of thickpolygonal cells and form a very efficient protection to the asci. Anascus contains from four to six spores. (See figs. 8 and 5, IV.) Each perit
RFPNDX5E–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCTJF0–. Fig. 214. Aspergillus herlariorum (Wiggers). A Cunidienträger, stark vergr.; B—E die eisten Entwickelunge- stadien der Frachtkörper (600|1); i^ Durcliechnitt durch ein fast reifes Perithecium (600/1); G Gruppe jüngerer Asci (COOJl); H reifer Ascus (60Ü|1). (A nach Kny; die übrigen Figuren nach de Bary.) Vollständig (mit Ascusfrüchten und Conidien) bekannt sind nur etwa 6—10 Arten. Da- gegen sind sehr zahlreiche Conidienformen beschrieben, die dem soeben beschriebenen Ty- pus angehören und daher bis auf Weiteres ebenfalls zu Aspergillus gerechnet werden. 1. Ascusfrüchte ohne Blasenhülle (Ster
RMPG42MT–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 168 ASCOMYCETES. the upper surface of the leaf (Fig. 64), and the upper epidermis alone bears the asci. In the pustules, the leaf may be two to four times as thick as healthy parts. The greatly increased thickness is due for the most part to enlargement of the cells of the mesophyll, while at the same time their normal arrangement is completely lost (Figs. 65, 66). The elements of the fibro- vascular bundles are enl
RMT1HGNM–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 THE PARASITIC EXOASCKAE, 167 Exoascus coerulescens (Mont, et Desm.) produces similar blisters on oak leaves. Flu. 63.—Exoascus aureus. Leaf section from the margiu of a swelling, showing normal and hypertrophied tissue. The cells of the swelling are abnormally elongated with thickened walls, and some show secondary cell-division. The bases of the asei are wedged in between the cells; one ascus is s
RM2AN44FB–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . uv&f Fig. 7:. Humaria rutilans (Fr.) Sacc; a. telophase of second division in ascus,3370; b. prophase of third division in ascus, showing sixteen curved chromo-somes, < 2N0S..
RFPNDXE4–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCHK48–. ASCI.HPIAS
RMPG4B23–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 368 THALLOPHYTES numerous nuclei of the antheridium flow into the trichogyne and pass on into the oogonium where thej- pair and fuse with the numerous nuclei of the oogonium. From the fertilized oogonium, now known as the ascogoniuin, branches called ascogenous hyphae are developed and on the ultimate branches of these are produced the asci. From beneath the ascogonium sterile hyphae (hyphae producing no asci) grow up among the ascoge- nous hj^phae and constitute the paraphyses of the hymenium. Other sterile hyphae form the wall of the cup-shaped pl
RMT1HE46–Diseases of glasshouse plants (1923) Diseases of glasshouse plants diseasesofglassh1923bewl Year: 1923 110 DISEASES OF GLASSHOUSE PLANTS Downy Mildew of the Rose.—This disease, while common on glasshouse roses, is somewhat difficult to detect. Frequently young plants appear to lack vigour for no obvious reason, but a careful examination of the leaves reveals the presence of minute fungal filaments. The causal organism, Peronospora sparsa Berk., is capable Fig. 31. Powdery mildew of the rose : («) Diseased leaves, (6) summer spores, (c) a perithecium, (d) ascus containing eight ascosporcs.
RM2AWE31P–Annual report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station . Ill- 7- At the left, young spore sacs 4 of which contain single nuclei the nucleus has not moved into the younger ones ; at the right above, 3 young asci showing typical nuclei, below, asci with young spores surrounded by epiplasm..
RFPNDX15–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCKAHH–. Fig. 209. — Perithecium with asci.
RMPG1Y3G–. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. THE FUNGI 91. arrangement; but in all the higher ones they are borne in definite spore-fruits of characteristic form. This spore- fruit is undoubtedly, in many instances, the result of fertilization, being pro- duced by the formation of a peculiar cell, the archi- carp, which corresponds to the oogonium of the Phy- comycetes. This is usually fertilized by direct contact with the antheridium, and from it, more or less di- rectly, are produced the spore-sacs or asci. A good example of these simpler Ascomycetes is offered by the mildews which
RMT0CY76–Elementary botany (1898) Elementary botany elementarybotany00atki Year: 1898 #i^^ r:..c 4x9, Section ol fruit body or apothecium of lichen (parmelia), showing asci and spores of the fungus. distinct from that of either of the organisms forming the component parts. This community of existence between two different organisms is called by some vtutuaiism, or 1 Nitrogen gatherers. 599. How clovers, peas, and other legumes gather nitrogen. It has long been known that clover plants, peas, beans, and many other Leguminous plants arc often able to thrive in soil where the cereals do but poorly. So
RM2AWE3CP–Annual report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station . tn:. 70. Voung spore sacs formed in irregular ways. Stained to show-nuclei. X 800.. Ill- 7- At the left, young spore sacs 4 of which contain single nuclei the nucleus has not moved into the younger ones ; at the right above, 3 young asci showing typical nuclei, below, asci with young spores surrounded by epiplasm.
RFPNDWRP–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK9NE–. Fig. 209. — Perithecium with asci.
RMPG4CTX–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 87 it is the apical and most extensible portion of the wall and chiefly the area forming the lid in that portion which is most distinctly coloured blue with iodine. In the Sordarieae also I frequently saw the ascus open by a comparatively tall lid. There is a third series of cases in which the spores are ejected through an apical perfectly circular hole which before ejection of the spores is a circumscribed thinner or less compact portion
RMT1H1WE–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 274: ASCOMYC'ETES. glutinous; it consists of small eight-spored asci over which project septate paraphyses, and also non-septate paraphyse-like structures which discharge a brown secretion. The ascospores are unicellular, hyaline, and canoe-shaped; on germination they give off a germ-tube which immediately develops into a septate mycelium. The mycelium is found in the intercellular spaces of the rind
RM2AN4R6G–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fig. 3. Humaria rutilans (Fr.) Sacc; hymenial layershowing asci and paraphyses in various stages of develop-ment, x 400. I.] ASCOMVCETES 37 conditions of moderate dryness, such as occur out of doors on a fine autumnday, by shaking the fructifications, or even by currents of air set up bywalking past them. It can be initiated, as de Bary pointed out, when ripe.
RFPNDY8E–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6PX–. Fig. 123. âLophodermium macrosporum on Spruce. â Germinated ascospores; some have germinated inside the ascus. (After R. Hartig.)
RMPG3YJ2–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 247 originates, and the asci to which it gives rise obtain room for com- plete development either by forcing the separation of the cells in the center of the cellular body or by dissolving some of these. The mature perithecium consists of a flask-shaped structure, the mouth of which projects, along with the tissues which inclose it, slightly beyond the general level (Fig. 106, b). Within the neck of this perithecium are to be found many periphy- ses. The mature asci are
RMT1HJ8A–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 196 ASCOMYCKTES. othei' characters coincide ; this seems to be all the more justifiable since one finds on the same species asci with spores made up of one, two, or four cells. Trichosphaeria parasitica Hartig. (Britain and U.S. America.) Everywhere in young naturally regenerated woods of silver fir, especially in damp places or where the plants are crowded, one
RM2AN486M–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . inishes the probability that this isa primitive type, or one that has given riseto cup-shaped forms, and it seems easier tothink of Genea and its allies as derived fromthe Pezizales by the diminution in size ofthe external aperture, the shortening andbroadening of the ascus and the increasedconvolution of the hymenium, than to regardthem as giving rise to that group by thecontrary changes. It is, however, not impro-bable that the Pezizales are polyphyletic inorigin, and that some of them may have beenderived from the higher Geoglossaceae. So far
RFPNDXBA–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6A1–. Fig. 123. â Lophodermiiim maerosporum on Spruce. Oerminated ascospores; â some have germinated inside the ascus. (After R. Hartig.)
RMPG4561–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. HIGHER FUNGI 127. Fig 40.—rHagraminatic representation of the development'of the ascogenous hyphal system and of the mature ascus. {AfUr ClausseH.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harshberger, John W. (John William), 1869-1929. Philadelphia : P. Blakiston's Son & Co
RMT1HM9C–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] 244 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Pleospora gummipara, Oud. i—Coryneum guminipariuin, Oud.), is considered by Oudemans to cause the production of Arabian and Senegal gum, on species of Acacia. The cause of gumming on some species of Acacia has, however, been proved to be due to a bacterium, and is described on another page. Oudemans, Hedzvigia, 1883, pp. 131 and 161. CUCURBITARIA (Gray) Perithecia clustered on a stroma, globose, black; asci Fig. 70.—Cuciirbilariii lahiiini. i
RM2AN4DYM–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . iphaceaeand Perisporiaceae show severalpoints in common both with thePlectascales, from which theydiffer in the regular arrangementof their asci, and with the Pyre-nomvcctes, from which they arefor the most part distinguishedby the absence of an ostiole. Their taxonomic position isprobably somewhere betweenthese two groups, and they have,under various systems of classifi-cation, been placed in closer proxi-mity sometimes to the one andsometimes to the other. Their in-clusion here in the Plectomycetesis due to the fact that they, orrather their be
RFPNDYJR–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCKCBW–. Fig. 127 Gnomonia Iliau, Vertical Section of Perithecium and Asci From Bull. 11, Dept. Pathology, H.S.P.A.
RMPG3YHA–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 258 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS upon these are borne minute, cylindrical, or slightly curved conidia. It is, however, doubtful if this last mentioned pycnidial form is either common or of much consequence in the rapid distribution of the fungus. The ascigerous stage was first found and named in 1880, and since that time the name has been more frequently changed than has the fungus been accurately studied. It is stated that the asci were first found upon berries which had hung upon t
RMT3Y4NG–Archive image from page 302 of Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet dienatrlichenp0101engl Year: 1897 Tuberiiieae. (Fischer. 289 Fruclitkörperwandung überkleidend, aus palissadenförmig geslelllen Ascis und Paraphysen bestehend. Paraphysen cylindrisch, septiert. Asci cylindrisch, am Scheitel gerundet. Sporen ellipsoidisch, einzellig, glatt, farblos. 1 Art, G. Cooperi Harkness in Californien. Fig. 209. A, B
RM2AWY151–Text-book of botany, morphological and physiological . cup,which is either flat and sessile (Fig. 182) or stalked. The hymenium consists ofparaphyses and asci, in which eight spores are usually formed simultaneously; theparaphyses generally appear earlier, but are finally crowded out by the asci. The sporessometimes possess nuclei, but are sometimes destitute of them (Fig. 182). The Disco-mycetes agree, however, with the Pyrenomycetes — from which they are principallydistinguished by their gymnocarpous receptacles—in the occurrence of spermogonia,pycnidia, and conidia, as forerunners of the as
RFPNDWNY–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK5JF–. Fig. 83.—Epichlo'i iyphina, forming numerous white cushions, which completely encircle the grass-stems, (v. Tubeuf phot.) The asci are cylindrical, and contain eight thread-like unicellular
RMPG3YP0–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 220 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS these layers into all available space, smaller hyphae are protruded; thus a compact inclosing body or perithecium is developed. With the further growth of the perithecium and the increase in size of the ascus, the inner layer and all internal hyphal branches are dissolved and appropriated. Meanwhile, the outer layer be- comes yellow or brown and forms the true wall of the peri- thecium. From the wall cells of the perithecium there are. Fig. 86. Spore
RMT1HGB0–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 160 ASCOMYCETES. * Witches' brooms on birch are very common in Scotland. They appear as tangled masses of twigs, which at first sight give the impression of some bird's nest. I have frequently examined the leaves borne on these brooms, and have never failed to find the asci of an Exoascus. Sadebeck gives in his monograph the two above-named species as found on birches bearing v.itches' brooms. Mites {
RM2AWJPMB–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . t ofthem are nearly globose, and theouter coat is harder than in the Truities. In former times theyhad a fanciful reputation in medicine, but have long since goneout of use. It will be observed that in the majority of the Tiibcraceac,where the pressure is equalised during growth, the asci, whichcontain the sporidia, approach a globose form,whilst in the genera where the hymenium is effusedover the interior, as in those which approach theDiscomycetes, the pressure is lateral and
RFPNE0HF–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6W0–. Fig. 83.—Epichloe lyphina, forming numerous white cushions, which completely encircle the grass-stems, (v. Tubeuf phot.) The asci are cylindrical, and contain eight thread-like unicellular
RMPG42T5–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 156 ASCOMYCETES. Exoascus Rostrupianus Sad. This fungus causes " pockets " on Prunus spinosa (sloe) similar to the preceding species. According to Sadebeck, the asci in this case are more slender.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origin
RMT0CY74–Elementary botany (1898) Elementary botany elementarybotany00atki Year: 1898 r:..c 4x9, Section ol fruit body or apothecium of lichen (parmelia), showing asci and spores of the fungus. distinct from that of either of the organisms forming the component parts. This community of existence between two different organisms is called by some vtutuaiism, or 1 Nitrogen gatherers. 599. How clovers, peas, and other legumes gather nitrogen. It has long been known that clover plants, peas, beans, and many other Leguminous plants arc often able to thrive in soil where the cereals do but poorly. Soil poor
RM2AWJRMB–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . sacsor asci, which latter are not enclosedin closed perithecia. Many of themFig. 72.—Morchella escuienta. are large enough and succulent enoughto be employed as articles of food, andwe do not remember that any one species has been proved tobe poisonous, although doubts have been expressed of thewholesome character of one or two, and notably of Gyromitraescuienta. The largest number inhabit the ground or flourish onrotten wood, and by far the most part are confined to temperatec
RFPNDX5M–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6ED–. Fio. S3,—EjHchlod lypUna, forming numerous white cushions, wliich completely encircle the grass-stems, (v. Tubeuf phot.) The asci are cylindrical, and contain eight thread-like unicellular
RMPG442R–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 104 DIVISION I.âGENERAL MORPHOLOGY. mentioned also the envelope-cells on the spore-clusters of Urocystis, which will be described in Chapter V, but not the germ-tubes which appear inside the ascus in Sphaeria praecox, and which were described by Tulasne ^ as filiform appendages. We have already spoken, in concurrence with Zopf's views, of the physiological import of the gelatinous appendages as organs which may serve to attach the asco- spores to one another and to th
RMT1HMP1–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] 254 DISEASES Of CULTIVATED PLANTS RHIZINA (Fries.) Ascophore entirely sessile, expanded from the first, fleshy, under surface furnished with numerous tufts of hyphae; asci cylindrical, 8-spored, spores elongated, continuous, hyaline. Readily recognised by the dark-brown, crust-like ascophore, furnished on the under surface with numerous rhizoids or tufts of hyphae, by which it is fixed to the substratum. Rhizina inflata (Quel.) is a fairly common British fungus, met with on burn
RM2AWK8JN–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . mycologists failed to find the asci on the gills of thespecimens determined and furnished by the original observer.M, de Seynes subsequently attributed the assumed asci tocystidia, and the supposed sporidia to external and internalgranules. Hence it may be affirmed that none of the sup-posed processes of fertilisation in Basidiomycetes have beenconfirmed, and until that is done they must be regarded asasexual. Another one-fourth of the total number of species of Fungi 56 INTROD
RFPNDX7P–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6W9–. Fig. 6G.- Section of leaf hypertrophied by attack of Exoascus carntus; the asci of the fungus coat the upper epidermis. Di-awn with the same magnification as Fig. 65, for comparison. (After W. G. Smith.)
RMPG14J7–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. 58o Bulletin 347. has become completely filled with maturing asci and the perithecium is now ready to discharge its spores. Time of development of perithecia.— On cankers produced by inoculation during spring and summer, mature perithecia are de- veloped in early autxmm. It is evident, however, that this is not the only season at which they may be produced, be- cause there is no time of the year at which they cannot be fovmd in abundance, ready to eject spores if the proper conditions of moisture and temperature are supplied. Ejection of ascospores
RMT1GY7T–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 [85 Nectria. Perithecia yellow or red in colour, and generally produced in close tufts on stroniata of the same colour. The asci con- tain eight bicellular spores and few or no paraphyses. Conidia of various kinds and shapes are also produced. Nectrina cinnabarina Fr. (Britain and 1.8. America). The bright-nnl, button-sliaped conidial cushions of this iuugus may
RM2AN3XHX–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . rincipal modificationsbeing in the direction of adaptation to subterranean conditions by increasedprotection of the hymenium. This appears to have been achieved either byretaining the closed form of the young pezizaceous apothecium {Genea,Pachyphloeus) or by invagination of the fertile layer {Tuber) over a widelyexposed surface such as is found in R/iiziua or Sphaerosoma. In eithercase room has been made foradditional asci by throwing thehymenium into elaboratefolds.Massee, however, regards theglobose asci and dark-colouredsculptured spores of Tu
RFPNDX1G–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6FP–. Fn^. 00.- Section of leaf hypertrophied by attack of Exooncus cameus; the asci of the fungus coat the upper epidermi.s. Dmwn with the same magnification as Fig. 6-0, for comparison. (After W. G. Smith.)
RMPG42JP–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PERISPORIEAE. 179 -Aspergillus, Penicillmm, Zopfia, Perisporium, Lasiobotrys, Apio- ^pormm, Capnodium, Asterina, Microthyrium. To this sub-division of the Perisporiaceae belong some com- mon forms of mould-fungi which are generally only saprophytic,. Fig. 76.—Phyliactinia suffulta from Beech. Perithecium, with characteristic appendages. Contents of the perithecium: asci, spores, and chains of cells resembling paraph
RMT1GY4K–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 NECTRIA, 185 Nectria. Perithecia yellow or red iu colour, and generally produced in close tufts on stromata of the same colour. The asci con- tain eight bicellular spores and few or no paraphyses. Conidia of various kinds and shapes are also produced. Nectrina cinnabarina Fr. (Britain and U.S. America). The Jbrighc-red, button-shaped conidial cushions of this fungus may
RM2AWKC4E–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . h the external resemblance is again to that of the Dis-comycetes. The cups are sessile, often erumpent on the stemsof herbaceous plants, and externally smooth or covered withbristles—for example, in Excipula, Discella, and Ephclis, andmany others. The spores are produced on short sporophorcswhich grow side by side from the inner surface of the recep-tacle, as the asci are produced in Peziza, but without forminga compact hymenium. From these brief notices it is evident that fruc
RFPNDX90–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCTJEB–. Fig. 223. Tirmania ovalispora Patouillard. A Habitusbild, nat. ür.; B Längsscbnitt durch den Fruclitkörper, uat. Gr.; C Ascus (475|1); D Sporen (820/1). (Sämtliche Figuren nach Chätin.)
RMPG425Y–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 190 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. the special literature. The most important and most general phenomenon of intetcalary growth in the surface of the hymenium consists in the introduction of new asci already mentioned, which goes on for a long time at all points. This is the cause of the long continued superficial growth of many hymenia. Some smaller disk-shaped apothecia, those for example of Ascobohis and Fyro- nema, show no marginal progressive growth
RMT1HH84–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 PODOSPHAERA. 175 P. myrtillina Schub. ou leaves of Vacdnium MyrfiUus (bil- berry), V. aligiiiosum, and Jnipctrmn nigrum (crowberry), (U.S. America). Erysiphe. The perithecia contain several asci, each with two to eight oval hyaline spores. The appendages are like these of Sphae- rotluca, simple and thread-like. Erysiphe graminis D. C. Mould or mildew of grass and wheat, (xrass and cereals, especially
RM2AN4EG1–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . s hyphaeramify. Erom the penultimatecells of the latter binucleateasci aredeveloped,and afterthenuclei have fused eight sporesare formed. The ascus wallbreaks down and the spores arefinally set free after the decayof the outer layer of the sheath. This sheath, with the en-closed mass of free ascospores,was long regarded as a singleorgan containing an indefinitenumber of spores; for thisreason the fungus was placedin the Hemiasci and given the Fi<generic name of Monascus.The later stages of develop-ment are in fact difficult tofollow and have b
RFPNDXE6–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCMRKY–. Fig. 42 RosELLiNiA Spp. (A) ASCUS OF R. BUNODES. (B) ASCUS OF R. SUBICULATA. (C) AsCUS OF R. PARAGUAYENSIS (?) (E) AsCUS OF R. PePO. (F) Terminal Hyphae from Conidial Fructification of Pepo. (G) External Hypha characteristic of Rosellinia Spp.
RMPG4GEC–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 185 to similarity of habit and the frequent abnormal development of the appendages, so that the published references are not always reliable. Microsphsera L6viell6 (p. 175) Perithecia globose to subglobose; asci several, 2 to 8-spored-, appendages not interwoven with the mycelium, branched in a definite manner at the apex, usually dichotomously and often very ornately, rarely undivided or merely once dichotomous. According to Salmon there are thirteen species; Engler and Prantl' recognize thirty.
RMT1H1TA–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] PSEUUOPEZIZA 277 The disease is favoured by damp soil and a damp atmo- sphere, being most abundant near the wind-shelters formed by scarlet-runners. It is recommended that the use of scarlet-runners be aboUshed, and that French beans be used instead as wind-screens. Oudemans and Konitig, Konin. Akad, Wetcnsch, te Amster- dam, p. 48, June 1903. PSEUDOPEZIZA (FcKL.) Ascophore erumpent, sessile, glabrous, minute; asci clavate, 4-8 spored; spores hyaline, smooth, elongated, con- tin
RM2AWJMYK–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . seated uponF, section of stroma; G, asci and sporidia. a more or leSS bySSoid subiculum; these arenow separated from that genus, and united under the nameof Byssonedria, analogous to the Byssosphacria of theSpJmeriaceae. In another group, the perithecia, which resembleNectria, are densely gregarious, and often partially immersedin a velvety subiculum, transformed from the tissues ofdecaying Fungi. This genus is Hypomyces, each species ofwhich has also a conidial form, which pre
RFPNDX4E–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6NP–. Fig. 143. — Dasyscypha Wiltk-ommii. Three asci and two paraphyses isolated from an apothecium. (After R. Hartig.) ^ R. Hartig, Untersuch. mts d. forsthotan. InMitut Miinchen, i., ISSO. M. Will- komm, Mikros. Feinde des Waldes, ii., 1868.
RMPG4DE0–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 77 are the commencements of spores; they are formed simultaneously and soon become invested with firm membranes, and grow as they lie arranged in a longitudinal row inside the ascus to about double their original size. The protoplasm which surrounds them at first disappears rapidly in Peziza pitya as they increase in size, and like the protoplasm contained in the spores is always coloured yellow by iodine in this species. The protoplasm o
RMT1HGNE–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 Flu. 63.—Exoascus aureus. Leaf section from the margiu of a swelling, showing normal and hypertrophied tissue. The cells of the swelling are abnormally elongated with thickened walls, and some show secondary cell-division. The bases of the asei are wedged in between the cells; one ascus is shown with conidia. (v. Tubeuf del.) Exoascus cameus Johan. occurs on leaves of Brtv.la odorata, B. nana, and B.
RM2AN5R30–British medical journal . e undoubtedly meuingococci about toundergo equal binary fission; others, on the contrary,will never undergo equal binary fission, but are, in pointof fact, young asci. which are capable of undergoing, andoften do undergo, gemmation and endosporulation beforeattaining to their full size. Others, again, while stillminute, will split into groups of threes or fours withoutpresenting any evidence of accompanying gemmation orendosporulation. Some asci undergo secondary gemmationin rapid succession, the daughter and granddaughter cellsstill rcmainiug attached, each to its mo
RFPNDWR4–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6TR–. Fig. 7i5.—Phyllacthiia suffulta from Beech. Perithecium, with characteristic appendages. Contents of the perithecium : asci, spores, and chains of cells resembling paraphyses. (v. Tubeuf del.) but occasionally find their way into fruit with broken epidermis. They are thus found carrying on secondary decay and rot, where other diseases have begun the attack.
RMPG4CB5–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FVNGI. 95 common in the Pyrenomycetes, but further investigation of individual cases is desirable. The last remark specially applies to a considerable number of Pyrenomycetes, in which the asci have the same structure as in Sphaeria Scirpi and S. Lemaneae and elongate in the same way if they are placed singly in water when they are mature ; among these are Sphaeria inquinans and S. obducens, Schm., Cucurbitaria Labumi, and some species of Pleosp
RMT1HJAB–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 TRICHOSPHAERIA. 197 asci, the latter with eight four-celled light-grey spores, which germinate directly and distribute the fungus over new host- plants. I found this same fungus on Tsuga canadensis at Baden- Baden, and on spruces in several parts of the Bavarian forests.- It, however, rarely attacks spruces, although they often occur in the same forest with firs. One of the cases of infection referr
RMRH8E9T–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. 430 BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT have not been found, and there is reason to beheve that normal sexuaHty has passed into abeyance in many of these parasitic and saprophytic plants, though the asci still remain as morphologically representing the products of the carpogonium. In most of these Fungi there is also propagation by means of minute conidia, which are not sexually produced. They are borne on conidiophores, which are various and characteristic in form. The young unicellular ascus has originally tv^o nuclei, which are held to be derived from the paired
RFPNE1FK–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCK6F7–. Fio. l^.—PhyUactlnia suffulta from Beech. Perithecium, with characteristic appendages. Contents of the perithecium : asci, spores, and cliains of cells resembling paraphyses. (v. Tut>euf del.) but occasionally find their way into fruit with broken epidermis. They are thus found carrying on secondary decay and rot, where other diseases have begun the attack.
RMPFK7XJ–. The cytoplasm of the plant cell. Plant cells and tissues; Protoplasm. Fig. 27 (left). — Development of the chondriome in Leptomitus. 1, chondrioconts in the vegetative filament: 2, 3. fragmentation of the chondrioconts and grouping about the nuclei during the formation of the zoospores; 4, granular chondriosomes in the zoospores; 5-7, ger- mination of the zoospores, elongation of chondriosomes into chondrioconts. C. chondriocont. N, nucleus. Meves' method, stained with acid fuchsin. Fig. 28 (right). — Development of the chondriome in the ascus of Pustularia vesiculosa. 1. very young ascus af
RMT1HJ9W–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] GNOMONIA 20I phore, 14-20X1-1-5 /t. Perithecia of ascigerous form with an ostiolum or beak projecting beyond surface of leaf; asci 8-spored; spores liyaline, narrowly ovate, i-septate below the middle, 16-18 X 5-6 /x. Collecting and burning all the hanging leaves during winter is the only practical method of stamping out the disease. This practice, however, should be general in an infected district, otherwise it is of little avail, as the spores are blown Fig. 55.—Gnomonia er
RM2AXF4G4–Text-book of structural and physiological botany . hce or subhymenial layer;and of the true hymenial layer^ composed of parallel hyphaeox paraphyses and of the asci. These latter usually contain special Morphology and Classification. 289 eight spores formed simultaneously. When the same thallusbears both apothecia and spermogonia, the Lichen is saidto be monoecious; when these organs are found on differentindividuals, it is dioecious. No true process of impregna-tion has yet been observed. Lichens possess a peculiar double nature. Theirgonidia contain chlorophyll, and are algoid bodies; andthe
RFPNDX81–Binary code: digital language emerging from a numerical cloud
RMMCKY5E–. Fig. â ^d. â Taphrina h hi lata, i, leaf of pear-tree with blisters caused by the fungus, reduced ; 2, asci on epidermis of a leaf, highly mag. blisters, which are on the under surface of the leaves. Mycelium not perennial in the tissues. The species are not as a rule injurious to any marked extent.
Download Confirmation
Please complete the form below. The information provided will be included in your download confirmation