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RMPG1RCP–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. 684> THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. way groups of cells may hang together in chains (fig. 387^) for a short time, but they disarticulate sooner or later. As the substratum becomes exhausted the cells exhibit a tendency to form spores in their interior (2-8), the cell being as it were transformed into an ascus (fig. 387''). The special physiological activity associated with this and several other species is alcoholic fermentation {cf. vol. i. p. 506), i.e. the splitting up of sugar into
RMT1GY61–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 186 ASCOMYCKTKS. The dark-red masses of thick-coated, warty perithecia appear in autumn and winter on the dead branches only; the asci contain eight biceUular hyaline spores which germinate directly to form a mycelium. Infection of a new host-plant is effected by the mycelium, which enters by open wounds into living branches; it is quite unable to penetrate the living bark and is dependent on wounds.
RM2AWKHDF–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . 1 Grevillea, Dec. 1892, p. 37.. Fig. 3. — Sclerotia germinating and producing Pezizae,A to D. Ascus and sporidia, E. Gard. Chron. l6 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FUNGI We have biieHy directed attention to the ordinary develop-ments of mycelium, whether filamentous or sclerotioid, butthere are still one or two special modifications which mustobtain a passing reference. Of these the mycelium of theUredineae is deserving of mention, being formed within thetissues of living plants,
RMMCK86R–. Fig. 31. Powdery mildew of the rose : («) Diseased leaves, (6) summer spores, (c) a perithecium, (d) ascus containing eight ascosporcs. of attackmg all leaves and young shoots. The first symptom of the disease is the sudden flagging of young, vigorous leaves, which readily fall off the stem if it is shaken gently. The shoot itseK droops and dies. Diseased leaves and shoots possess reddish-purple patches bearing a fungus growth. Gradually the disease develops until all the green tissues are destroyed.
RMPG2205–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 49. ARTHOPYKENIA PALLAX Arn. a Whole plant, h. Portion of thallus and peritheeia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of peritheeia. e. Ascus and paraphysis. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany;
RMT1HM09–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 234 ASCOMYCETKS. mouth pine. According to the observations of liostrup in Denmark, and myself in various localities of Germany, this is a dangerous parasite on Pinus Strohus. It kills the needles and young shoots, and may devastate whole tracts of forest. The diseased needles become brown in summer, and fall off during next winter. On them are produced apothecia containing club-shaped asci and paraph
RMRH83K5–. Botany; principles and problems. Botany. THE TIIALLOPIIYTA 293 of a much-branched mycelium extending throughout the sub- stratum, and a definite fruiting body which is developed at the surface. Each group displays a rather specialized method of spore formation. The Ascomycetes are distinguished by their production of spore sacs or asci (singular, ascus) in each of which are borne eight spores, the ascospores (Fig. 168). A group of asci are. Fig. 168.—Spore production in an ascomycete. Portion of the hymenium, or fruiting surface, of Peziza, showing the asci, each with eight ascospores. Among
RMMCTJEG–. Fig. 221. Elaphomyces cervinus (Perä.) Schröter. A reifer FrucLtkyrper im Zusaminenhange mit einem Kieferii- wurzelaste (3j2); £ junge Fruchtanlage ebenso, schwach vergr.; 6'reifer Fruchtkörper Yon außen, nat. Gr.; Z> Längs- schnitt durch einen noch nicht ganz reifen Fruchtkörper, schwach vergr.; E Ascus, stark yergr. (^4, B, D nach R ee s und Fisc h; 6'nnd jF Original.)
RMPG01JY–. The principles of botany, as exemplified in the Cryptogamia. For the use of schools and colleges. Cryptogams; Plant anatomy; 1853. 62 COMPOUND ORGANS OF PLANTS. their surface in the form of dark nuclei or spots; and on the left-hand margin we have a foliaceous lichen, Parmelia con- Fig. 27.. spersa, with its fructification in shields or cups, the cortical matter of the thallus forming a rim or border round the nucleus; 3 is a piece of the thallus of Parmelia oonspersa with a section through the apothecium; 4 is a magnified section of an apotheoium, showing the young asci or sacs which contai
RMT1HMCM–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 242 ASCOMYCETES. Schizothyrium. The roundish or oblong apothecia dehisce by lobes. The clul)- sliai)ed asci contain oblong, hyaline, two-celled spores. Sch. ptarmicae Desm. (Britain). This occurs as a parasite on living green leaves and stems of Achillea Ptarmica. The apothecia form little black points, which on rupturing break -SchirMhy, V. Tubeuf del.) up the epidermis into lobes. The thick asci
RM2AN43XW–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . th it by meansof pores (fig. j6 b). Additional nuclei pass into it from both the stalk andterminal cells, and Welsford has observed their fusion in pairs in theoogonium. The fusion nuclei pass into the ascogenous hyphae. The asciare large and produce each eight spores which are violet or brownish incolour; the epispore is characteristically sculptured at maturity. There areeight chromosomes in the first division in the ascus, and four in the secondand third (Dangeard (fig. 13), Fraser and Brooks). In Ascobolus glaber the archicarp is larger and m
RMMCKCAW–. Fig. 134 Eriosphaeria Sacchari From Wakker & Went Asci AND Spore from the West Indies by Went in Aruba Island and L. H. Gough in Trinidad. It is caused by an ascomycete with round black perithecia and two-celled spores, Eriosphcsria Sacchari Went. The spots are roundish except when two or more interfere. They begin as red dots with a yellowish border; when mature they are reddish-brown, surrounded by a narrow yellow border that is sometimes scarcely visible. The centre of the spot does
RMPG220C–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 48. ACROCORDIA GEMMATA Koerb. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of thallus and perithecia. c. Vertical section of tballus. d. Vertical section of peritlnecia. e. Ascus and paraphyais. /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botan
![Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] > Fig. 58.— Venturia inaequalis. i, conidial stage (Fusicladium dendriti- f«;«) on apple leaf; 2, 3 and 4, conidial stage; 6, section of perithecium ( Venturia stage) ; 7 and 8, asci and spores of Venturia ; 9, apple twig with Fusicladium stage, as appearing during winter and spring. Figs, i and 9 reduced ; remainder highly mag. practicable. I am not convinced. I believe that it is as practicable to remove the dead shoots from a tree as it is to remove the apples, in fact Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/T1HJKN/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-diseasesofcultiv00massuoft-year-1910-gt-fig-58-venturia-inaequalis-i-conidial-stage-fusicladium-dendriti-f-on-apple-leaf-2-3-and-4-conidial-stage-6-section-of-perithecium-venturia-stage-7-and-8-asci-and-spores-of-venturia-9-apple-twig-with-fusicladium-stage-as-appearing-during-winter-and-spring-figs-i-and-9-reduced-remainder-highly-mag-practicable-i-am-not-convinced-i-believe-that-it-is-as-practicable-to-remove-the-dead-shoots-from-a-tree-as-it-is-to-remove-the-apples-in-fact-T1HJKN.jpg "Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] > Fig. 58.— Venturia inaequalis. i, conidial stage (Fusicladium dendriti- f«;«) on apple leaf; 2, 3 and 4, conidial stage; 6, section of perithecium ( Venturia stage) ; 7 and 8, asci and spores of Venturia ; 9, apple twig with Fusicladium stage, as appearing during winter and spring. Figs, i and 9 reduced ; remainder highly mag. practicable. I am not convinced. I believe that it is as practicable to remove the dead shoots from a tree as it is to remove the apples, in fact Stock Photo")
RMT1HJKN–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] > Fig. 58.— Venturia inaequalis. i, conidial stage (Fusicladium dendriti- f«;«) on apple leaf; 2, 3 and 4, conidial stage; 6, section of perithecium ( Venturia stage) ; 7 and 8, asci and spores of Venturia ; 9, apple twig with Fusicladium stage, as appearing during winter and spring. Figs, i and 9 reduced ; remainder highly mag. practicable. I am not convinced. I believe that it is as practicable to remove the dead shoots from a tree as it is to remove the apples, in fact
RM2AN48WY–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . etative, some ascogenous. Thesegive rise to the sub-hymenial layer where the paraphyses have their originand where the young asci are developed. The asci and paraphyses grow uptogether and rise to the surface of the ascocarp forming the hymenium orfertile disc which is spread over the interior of the cup. The asci are moreor less cylindrical and parallel one to another and to the paraphyses (fig. 53).They open either by a lid (fig. 55) or by the ejection of a plui; (fig. 54).They arise in succession so that large numbers may be produced in a sing
RMMCKWKD–. Fig. 33. Diseases of the Cauliflower and Radish. a. Spot disease of cauliflower (after McCuUoch), b. white rust of radish, c. conidio- phore of the white rust fungus, Cystopus candidus, d. fertilization in Albugo Candida, e. germination of the oospore of Albugo Candida, f. ring spot on cauliflower head. g. perithecium of Mycosphcerella brassicicola, h. ascus of MycosphcrrcUa brassicicola, i. ascospores of Mycosphmrella brassicicola (g. to i. after Osmun and Anderson).
RMPG41EG–. Foundations of botany. Botany; Botany. 264 FOinSTDATIONS OF BOTAKY applied to the cover-glass, rupture the perithecia by gentle grinding between the cover and slide. Note the number and form of the spore-sacs {asci) expelled from each of several perithecia. Examine under a power of about 200 diam- eters and count the number of spores in the asci. Gentle pressure may make them more distinctly visible. Make drawings to illustrate the structural characters observed. THE STUDY OF AGARICUS 316. Occurrence. — The common mushroom, Agaricus campestm, grows in open fields and pastures in the United S
RMT3YJB1–Archive image from page 331 of Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet dienatrlichenp0101engl Year: 1897 318 Plectascineae. (Fischer. fi iffi - < - L.' Fig. 220. A.—D Choiromyccs macandrijormis Vitt. A Durchscliuitt durcli den FruclitkOiper, nat. Gr.; B Partie aus dem Fruchfkörperinnern, die mäandrischen, ascusführenden Gefleclitspartien deutlicher zeigend, vergr.; C Ascus und umgehende Hyphen (500|1); D
RM2AN48CR–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fig. 53. Hiimaria rutilans (Kr.) Sacc.; hymenial layershowing asci and paraphyses in various stages of develop-ment, x 400. Fig.54. Mitrulalaricina Mass*; development and ejection ofbiseriate spores, x 600. This typically discomycetous ascocarp orapothecium, which is well seenin the Pezizales, may be connected in one direction, through the Patel-lariaceae and their allies, with the fructifications of the Phacidiales, which areparti}- closed with a more or less stellate aperture, and with the characteristic-ally elongated fructifications of the Hy
RMMCK6HN–. Fig. iS.—Exoascv.a pruni. Twig of Plum, with four deformed fruits; one normal plum is partially hidden, the other is in the middle. ^ natural size, (v. Tubeuf del.) The mycelium hibernates in the soft bast of the twigs, and proceeds thence in spring into young shoots and ovaries. According to De Bary, the infected ovaries double their size in two days, and are full grown in eight days. The asci form a close layer under the cuticle of the ovary, and finally rupture it.
RMPG21Y7–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. r'' ^^ X 1200 , Jx (;oo. ' X 600 LEPTORHAPHIS EPIDERMIDIS Th. Fr. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of tballus and perithecia. c. Vertical section of thallus, d. Vertical section of perithecium. c. Ascus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum
![Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] SCLEROTINIA 261 vine directly. Istvanffi has written a very detailed account, profusely illustrated, of the vine sclerotinia. Fig. -j.—Sclerotinia fuckeliana. i, vine leaf with Botrytis form of fungus ; 2, conidiophores of Botrytis ; 3, a head or cluster of conidia ; 4, sclerotia bearing Botrytis form of fruit ; 5, asclerotium bearing two ascophores ; 6, like fig. 5, on a larger scale ; 7, a shrivelled grape with sclerotia ; 8, ascus with spores. All e-xcept Fig. i mag. Ascop Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/T1HN4G/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-diseasesofcultiv00massuoft-year-1910-sclerotinia-261-vine-directly-istvanffi-has-written-a-very-detailed-account-profusely-illustrated-of-the-vine-sclerotinia-fig-jsclerotinia-fuckeliana-i-vine-leaf-with-botrytis-form-of-fungus-2-conidiophores-of-botrytis-3-a-head-or-cluster-of-conidia-4-sclerotia-bearing-botrytis-form-of-fruit-5-asclerotium-bearing-two-ascophores-6-like-fig-5-on-a-larger-scale-7-a-shrivelled-grape-with-sclerotia-8-ascus-with-spores-all-e-xcept-fig-i-mag-ascop-T1HN4G.jpg "Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] SCLEROTINIA 261 vine directly. Istvanffi has written a very detailed account, profusely illustrated, of the vine sclerotinia. Fig. -j.—Sclerotinia fuckeliana. i, vine leaf with Botrytis form of fungus ; 2, conidiophores of Botrytis ; 3, a head or cluster of conidia ; 4, sclerotia bearing Botrytis form of fruit ; 5, asclerotium bearing two ascophores ; 6, like fig. 5, on a larger scale ; 7, a shrivelled grape with sclerotia ; 8, ascus with spores. All e-xcept Fig. i mag. Ascop Stock Photo")
RMT1HN4G–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] SCLEROTINIA 261 vine directly. Istvanffi has written a very detailed account, profusely illustrated, of the vine sclerotinia. Fig. -j.—Sclerotinia fuckeliana. i, vine leaf with Botrytis form of fungus ; 2, conidiophores of Botrytis ; 3, a head or cluster of conidia ; 4, sclerotia bearing Botrytis form of fruit ; 5, asclerotium bearing two ascophores ; 6, like fig. 5, on a larger scale ; 7, a shrivelled grape with sclerotia ; 8, ascus with spores. All e-xcept Fig. i mag. Ascop
RM2AN4PE4–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . )- ex-posed (fig. 7). To the closedor flask-shaped forms theterm perithecium is ap-plied, the cup and its vari-ants are known as apo-thecia. Inthe simplerasco-carps the asci are irregu-larly scattered; in the apo-thecia and flask-shaped perithecia they are regularly arranged, forming amore or less parallel series and intermingled with paraphyses. The Paraphyses. The paraphyses of the Ascomycetes are slender hairs,of about the same length as the asci; they usually develop earlier than thelatter, and have a protective and possibly a nutritive funct
RMMCK6PN–. Fio. 129 —Rhytisma punctatum. Leaf of Acer Pseudoplatami.s with apothecia; the leaf is yellow, but the spots enclosing the apothecia are still green, (v. Tubeuf del.) black in colour, angular, and scattered over the whole leaf- surface. After the leaf has turned yellow, portions of it sur- rounding spots of this Rhytisma retain their green colour, so that we have black spots on green islands in the yellow leaf. The sclerotia dehisce by valves. The apothecia contain thread- like paraphyses and asci. The asci are club-shaped and contain
RMPG42GH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. TRICHOSPHAERIA. 197 asci, the latter with eight four-celled light-grey spores, which germinate directly and distribute the fungus over new host- plants. I found this same fungus on Tsuga ca'oadensis^ at Baden- Baden, and on spruces in several parts of the Bavarian forests.^ It, however, rarely attacks spruces, although they often occur in the same forest with iirs. One of the cases of infection referred to above was
![Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] DIDYRIELLA 209 DIDYMELLA (Sacc.) Perithecia immersed, membranaceous, asci 4-8-spored, paraphyses present; spores elongated, i-septate, hyaline. Differs from Sphaerella in having paraphyses. Orange-tree canker {Didymella ciiri., Noack) forms long canker-like v/ounds with thickened margins on the branches of orange-trees in Brazil. The first symptom of disease is the Fig. 59.— VenturiiZ pirina. i, conidial form of fungus on pear leaf; 2, conidial form of fungus on pear, causing Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/T1HJR6/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-diseasesofcultiv00massuoft-year-1910-didyriella-209-didymella-sacc-perithecia-immersed-membranaceous-asci-4-8-spored-paraphyses-present-spores-elongated-i-septate-hyaline-differs-from-sphaerella-in-having-paraphyses-orange-tree-canker-didymella-ciiri-noack-forms-long-canker-like-vounds-with-thickened-margins-on-the-branches-of-orange-trees-in-brazil-the-first-symptom-of-disease-is-the-fig-59-venturiiz-pirina-i-conidial-form-of-fungus-on-pear-leaf-2-conidial-form-of-fungus-on-pear-causing-T1HJR6.jpg "Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] DIDYRIELLA 209 DIDYMELLA (Sacc.) Perithecia immersed, membranaceous, asci 4-8-spored, paraphyses present; spores elongated, i-septate, hyaline. Differs from Sphaerella in having paraphyses. Orange-tree canker {Didymella ciiri., Noack) forms long canker-like v/ounds with thickened margins on the branches of orange-trees in Brazil. The first symptom of disease is the Fig. 59.— VenturiiZ pirina. i, conidial form of fungus on pear leaf; 2, conidial form of fungus on pear, causing Stock Photo")
RMT1HJR6–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] DIDYRIELLA 209 DIDYMELLA (Sacc.) Perithecia immersed, membranaceous, asci 4-8-spored, paraphyses present; spores elongated, i-septate, hyaline. Differs from Sphaerella in having paraphyses. Orange-tree canker {Didymella ciiri., Noack) forms long canker-like v/ounds with thickened margins on the branches of orange-trees in Brazil. The first symptom of disease is the Fig. 59.— VenturiiZ pirina. i, conidial form of fungus on pear leaf; 2, conidial form of fungus on pear, causing
RM2AN2AX2–Annual report of the Board of Control of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station . The ascospores are subelliptical,colorless, one-celled and measure 11 to 15by 4 to 6 ju. Between the asci are slender,Fig. 8. —Perithecial septate, sterile threads known as paraphyses.Stromata of C. viticola. The fact that this stage of the fungus hasnever been found in the State althoughdiligent search has been made for it, both before and since theappearance of Dr. Shears paper, makes it reasonably certain thatthe perithecial stage of the fungus plays no important role in thedissemination or perpetuation
RMMCK5F4–. Fig. 129 —Rhytisma punctatum. Leaf of Acer Pseudo-platanus with apothecia; the leaf is yellow, but the spots enclosing the apothecia are still green, (v. Tubeuf del.) black in colour, angular, and scattered over the whole leaf- surface. After the leaf has turned yellow, portions of it sur- rounding spots of this Rhytisma retain their green colour, so that we have black spots on green islands in the yellow leaf. The sclerotia dehisce by valves. The apothecia contain thread- like paraphyses and asci. The asci are club-shaped and contain
RMPG4GR0–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 137. Fig. 91.—S. urnula, monilifoTin conidia with disjuDctois. After Woronin. possess Botrytis forms (see pp. 141 and 578), others Monilia (see pp. 139 and 558) forms of conidial fructification. In addition to these there may be gonidia, which appear to be degenerate, f unctionless conidia. In some species there is no known spore form except that in the ascus. S. ledi Now. is of especial interest as the one .fungus outside of the Uredinales that exhibits hetercecism.^^^ Many forms found upon sepa
RMRYH2H2–Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz drlrabenhorstskr0105rabe Year: 1897 Fig. 1- -2. Hydnobolites cerebriformis. Fig. 1. Fruchtkörper in natürlicher Grösse. Fig. 2. Längsschnitt vergr. Fig. 3. Hydnobolites Tulasnei. Asci und umgebendes Geflecht stark vergr. (Fig. 1 nach Tulasne, Fig. 2 und 3 nach der Natur.) Choiromyces. Fruchtkörper knollenförmig, mit glatter Oberfläche. Asci keulenförmig, in unregelmässig palissadenfürmiger x^nordnung zu mäandrischen Bändern vereinigt, zwischen denen sterile Geflechtspartien verlaufen. Oberfläche 0
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. "] ASCOMYCETES 43 continuation of the ascogenous hypha, and gives rise to fresh asci (fig. lo). This process was first recorded in 1908 for Humaria rtttilans and has since been observed by McCubbin in Helvella elastica, by Carruthers in Helvetia crispa, and by Claussen in Pyronema confliiens. It suggests either that some advantage is to be derived from an absence of relationship between the nuclei which fuse in the ascus, or that a scheme of rigid nuclear economy is in force. The former hypothesis is somewhat weakened by the fact tha Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX1PN/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-quot-ascomycetes-43-continuation-of-the-ascogenous-hypha-and-gives-rise-to-fresh-asci-fig-lo-this-process-was-first-recorded-in-1908-for-humaria-rtttilans-and-has-since-been-observed-by-mccubbin-in-helvella-elastica-by-carruthers-in-helvetia-crispa-and-by-claussen-in-pyronema-confliiens-it-suggests-either-that-some-advantage-is-to-be-derived-from-an-absence-of-relationship-between-the-nuclei-which-fuse-in-the-ascus-or-that-a-scheme-of-rigid-nuclear-economy-is-in-force-the-former-hypothesis-is-somewhat-weakened-by-the-fact-tha-RDX1PN.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. "] ASCOMYCETES 43 continuation of the ascogenous hypha, and gives rise to fresh asci (fig. lo). This process was first recorded in 1908 for Humaria rtttilans and has since been observed by McCubbin in Helvella elastica, by Carruthers in Helvetia crispa, and by Claussen in Pyronema confliiens. It suggests either that some advantage is to be derived from an absence of relationship between the nuclei which fuse in the ascus, or that a scheme of rigid nuclear economy is in force. The former hypothesis is somewhat weakened by the fact tha Stock Photo")
RMRDX1PN–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. "] ASCOMYCETES 43 continuation of the ascogenous hypha, and gives rise to fresh asci (fig. lo). This process was first recorded in 1908 for Humaria rtttilans and has since been observed by McCubbin in Helvella elastica, by Carruthers in Helvetia crispa, and by Claussen in Pyronema confliiens. It suggests either that some advantage is to be derived from an absence of relationship between the nuclei which fuse in the ascus, or that a scheme of rigid nuclear economy is in force. The former hypothesis is somewhat weakened by the fact tha
RMMCK69X–. Fig. 129 —Rhytisma punctatum. Leaf of Acer Pseudoplatanus with apothecia; the loaf is yellow, but the spots enclosing the apotheci.a are still green. (V. Tubcuf del.) black in colour, angular, and scattered over the whole leaf- surface. After the leaf has turned yellow, portions of it sur- rounding spots of this Bhytisma retain their green colour, so that we have black spots on green islands in the yellow leaf. The sclerotia dehisce by valves. The apothecia contain thread- like paraphyses and asci. The asci are club-shaped and contain
RMPG3W93–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 21. xyso ARTHOTHELIUM SPECTABILE Massal. Plant on bark. b. Portion of thallus and apotheoia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vortical section of apothccium. e. Ascus. /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crom
RMT1HMP4–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 !50 ASCOMYCETES. Scleroderris. A black stroma is formed in the bark of twigs attacked by this fungus, and thence the apothecia break out in great numbers, at first as closed spheres, later as stalked open cups with finely lobed rims. The asci are cylindrical or club- Fio. 134.—HcUroderris fiUiginosa on living twig of Salix alba. A, Three apothecia, two in section, the third seen from above, showin
RMRM8RBR–. Annual report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). — 179 — the surface of the culture-drop conidia, like those already des- cribed and figured as the summer conidia.. Fig. 8.—An ascus, with spores germinating within. Asci within the perithecium were now examined and the spores were found to be germinating, not only within the asci, but while the asci were in the perithecium, and the mycelial filaments thus produced were crowding out through the ostiolum, (Fig. 9.) The interesting discov- ery of the produ
RMMCK6XC–. Fir 4^ —Eroascus pruni. Twig of Plum, with four deformed fruits; one iiuijiittl pluiii is partially hidden, the other is in the middle, i natural Mze. (v. Tubeuf del.) The mycelium hibernates in the soft bast of the twigs, and proceeds thence in spring into young shoots and ovaries. According to De Bary, the infected ovaries double their size in two days, and are full grown in eight days. The asci form a close layer under the cuticle of the ovary, and finally rupture it.
RMPG4GMB–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 104.—P. trifolii. Ascus and paraph- yses; germinating spores. After Ches- ter. spores hyaline, 10-14 fi long; paraphyses numerous, filiform. A Phyllosticta thought to be its conidial stage has been reported.*' On dead spots in leaves of alfalfa and black medick. P. trifolii (Bernh.) Fcl. This is closely related to, perhaps identical with, the last species. Sporonema (Sphaeronaema) phacidioides Desm. is supposed to be its conidial form. This co- nidial stage has not however, been observed on alfalfa. Ascocarps mostly epiphyl- l
RMT1HJRE–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 •205 twigs brown and dead (Fig. 95). If more closely examined, the twigs will be found to bear patches of coal-black, Fig. 05.—Gibbera Cowberry. The perithecia form black patches on the living leafy branch, as well as the dead brown one. (v. Tubeuf del.) Fig. 07.—6ibbera vaccinii. Cross-section of Cowberry showing a patch of perithecia in section ; the hairy perithecia contain paraphvses and asci
RM2AN3MK0–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . is continued so that a mass of cells is pro-duced from which asci at last arise. In the meantime the sheath becomesdifferentiated into an outer coat of relatively large, brown-walled hyphae,and an inner layer of smaller cells which become narrow and elongated. Asdevelopment proceeds a cavity appears within the perithecium, usually justabove the ascogenous cells, and branches from the lining mycelium grow out to form the periphyses; paraphysesare not produced (fig. 114). The ripe spores are shed into thecavity of the perithecium, and do notreach t
RMMCK6NE–. Fio. 147.âAscospores of Rhizina. a, As taken from the ascus; h, 24 hours after sowing; c, 48 hours after sowing; d, the spore of c enlarged. (After Hartig.) filled up. Masses of fungoid pseudoparenchyma are frequently formed between the dead and diseased tissues. Strands of the nature of Bhisoctonia emerge from the diseased roots, many of them carrying thread-like processes, at the extremity of which an oil-drop is secreted and escapes on rupture of the apex. According to Hartig, very tiny conidia are abjointed from the mycelium. De la Boulage^ and Prillieux have both come to the conclusion
RMPG4548–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 1.^6 MYCOLOGY. Fig. S3.—Mildew of chestnut leaves due to Phyllactinia corylei with ascus and perithecium to left. (Martic Forge, Pa., Nov. :i, 1915.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harshberger, John W. (John William), 1869-1929. Philadelphia : P. Blakiston's Son & Co
![Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] CLAVICEPS 223 Ergot.—This well-known disease, caused by Claviceps piirpicrea (Tul.), is often developed in the ears of various Fig. b.—Claviceps purpurea, i, ergot on rye-grass; 2, ergot on rye; 3, section of portion of conidial fruit ; 4, sclerotium or ergot bearing the stalked, ascigerous form of fruit; 5, head of ascigerous fruit showing warted surface, due to projecting mouths of perithecia; the section shoNss perithecia sunk in the fleshy stroma ; 6, ascus ; 7, free need Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/T1H04W/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-diseasesofcultiv00massuoft-year-1910-claviceps-223-ergotthis-well-known-disease-caused-by-claviceps-piirpicrea-tul-is-often-developed-in-the-ears-of-various-fig-bclaviceps-purpurea-i-ergot-on-rye-grass-2-ergot-on-rye-3-section-of-portion-of-conidial-fruit-4-sclerotium-or-ergot-bearing-the-stalked-ascigerous-form-of-fruit-5-head-of-ascigerous-fruit-showing-warted-surface-due-to-projecting-mouths-of-perithecia-the-section-shonss-perithecia-sunk-in-the-fleshy-stroma-6-ascus-7-free-need-T1H04W.jpg "Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] CLAVICEPS 223 Ergot.—This well-known disease, caused by Claviceps piirpicrea (Tul.), is often developed in the ears of various Fig. b.—Claviceps purpurea, i, ergot on rye-grass; 2, ergot on rye; 3, section of portion of conidial fruit ; 4, sclerotium or ergot bearing the stalked, ascigerous form of fruit; 5, head of ascigerous fruit showing warted surface, due to projecting mouths of perithecia; the section shoNss perithecia sunk in the fleshy stroma ; 6, ascus ; 7, free need Stock Photo")
RMT1H04W–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] CLAVICEPS 223 Ergot.—This well-known disease, caused by Claviceps piirpicrea (Tul.), is often developed in the ears of various Fig. b.—Claviceps purpurea, i, ergot on rye-grass; 2, ergot on rye; 3, section of portion of conidial fruit ; 4, sclerotium or ergot bearing the stalked, ascigerous form of fruit; 5, head of ascigerous fruit showing warted surface, due to projecting mouths of perithecia; the section shoNss perithecia sunk in the fleshy stroma ; 6, ascus ; 7, free need
RM2AND436–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . s is a fungus which attacksthe larva of insects. Its mycelium penetrates the insects body andlater in the Isaria form produces aerial hyphae which cut off conidio-spores. The growth of the mycelium is such as to penetrate to all partsof the larva filUng it up as if it were stuffed with cotton. The mass of hyphae is converted into asclerotiumand the larval bodyis mummified, but still retaining its original external form. Later, thenext spring, a stiff-stalked stroma arises with an enlarged extremity inwhich the perithecia with their asci- and ascosp
RMMCKCCX–. Fig. 79.—Sclerotinia ur7iula. i, chain of conidiain young stage ; 2, chain of conidia at maturity ; the narrow necks or disjunctors deliquesce, and set the conidia at liberty; 3, ascophores springing from mummified fruits ; 4, ascus with spores ; 5, paraphyses. All figs except 3 mag. This is a very difficult disease to combat; if diseased patches are observed while yet quite small in area, the clover should be cut, and after remaining for some time to dry, some dry litter should be spread over the diseased patch, and set on fire. By this means all the sclerotia are destroyed. Clover should n
RMPG40K2–. The elements of botany embracing organography, histology, vegetable physiology, systematic botany and economic botany ... together with a complete glossary of botanical terms. Botany. 140 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. This sclerotium usually begins in the spring a new growth ; little branches are produced, each with a globular head (Fig. 254, J), in the cortical region of which the numerous flask-shaped perithecia (Fig. 254, II, III} are produced. The elongated asci (Fig. 254, III) bear attenuated spores (Fig. 254, sp), which germinate and produce the mycelium, which, in turn, infests the young ovaries
RMT1JFG5–Diseases of crop-plants in the Diseases of crop-plants in the Lesser Antilles diseasesofcroppl00nowe Year: 1923 DISEASES OF BANANA 253 described as penetrating the tissue of the rootstock, and these in turn give out hyphae which grow among the cells. The fructifications are borne at or just above ground level. Fig. 98 SpHAEROSTILBE MUSARUM, CONIDIA, ASCUS AND ASCOSPORES Bull. 6, Dept. Agri., Jamaica The conidial stage occurs on small yellow or orange cushions up to 2 mm. diameter, bearing one or more slender white stalks furnished with a brown or brownish red spherical head or ending in a
RM2AN4B5R–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fg- 45- Phyllactinia Corylea (Pers.) Karst.; peri-thecium containing uninucleate asci;after Harper. Fig. 46. Phyllactinia Corylea(Pers.) Karst.; a. b. fusion inascus; after Harper. Eight chromosomes (fig. 47) have been observed throughout the life-history. In Phyllactinia Corylea and also in Microsphaera AIni(Sands, 1907) andvarious species of Erysiphe (Harper, 1905), the organization of the restingnucleus is very characteristic. A deeply staining central body lies againstthe nuclear membrane and to this the chromatin threads are attached.From it
RMMCK6D0–. Fig. 05.—Gibbera Cowberry. The perithecia form black patches on the living leafy branch, as well as the dead brown one. (v. Tubeuf del.) Fig. 07.—6ibbera vaccinii. Cross-section of Cowberry showing a patch of perithecia in section ; the hairy perithecia contain paraphvses and asci with spores ; a niyccliiun penn&ites the cortical tissue of the host. Short hooked hairs cover the epidermis of the stem. (v. Tubeuf del.) spherical perithecia, which are coated by short, acute, unicellular, black hairs (Fig. 97). The perithecia contain paraphvses and
RMPG4GMP–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 148 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fig. 104.—P. trifolii. Ascus and paraph- yses; germinating spores. After Ches- ter. spores hyaline, 10-14 fi long; paraphyses numerous, filiform. A Phyllosticta thought to be its conidial stage has been reported.*' On dead spots in leaves of alfalfa and black medick. P. trifolii (Bernh.) Fcl. This is closely related to, perhaps identical with, the last species. Sporonema (Sphaeronaema) phacidioides Desm. is supposed to be its conidial form. This co- nidial stage has not however, been observe
RMT1H1WF–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 Fig. U(i.—Ront-system of a Silver Fir overgrown and killed by the mycelium of Rliizina uiululala. (After Hartig.) Fig. 147.—Ascospores of Rhizina. a, As taken from the ascus; b, 24 hours after sowing; c, 48 hours after sowing ; d, the spore of c enlarged. (After Hartig.) filled up. Masses of fungoid pseudoparenchyma are frequently formed between the dead and diseased tissues. Strands of the nature
RM2AN4AN2–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fg- 45- Phyllactinia Corylea (Pers.) Karst.; peri-thecium containing uninucleate asci;after Harper. Fig. 46. Phyllactinia Corylea(Pers.) Karst.; a. b. fusion inascus; after Harper. Eight chromosomes (fig. 47) have been observed throughout the life-history. In Phyllactinia Corylea and also in Microsphaera AIni(Sands, 1907) andvarious species of Erysiphe (Harper, 1905), the organization of the restingnucleus is very characteristic. A deeply staining central body lies againstthe nuclear membrane and to this the chromatin threads are attached.From it
RMMCKCE6–. Fig. 70.—Cuciirbilariii lahiiini. i, branches showing the fungus ; 2, stroma in section, with perithecia; 3, ascus containing spores; 4, free spores. Fig. i nat. size ; remainder highly mag. cylindrical, 8-sporcd, spores elongated, muriform, coloured ; paraphyses numerous. Silver fir canker.Dr. Cavara has described in detail ;i disease of Ahies pcctinata caused by Cucurhitaria pithyophila (De Not., var. ceml>rae, Rehm.). Trees are attacked up to the age of sixty years, but younger trees are most susceptible.
RMPG4CMT–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 33. Diseases of the Cauliflower and Radish. a. spot disease of cauliflower (after McCulloch), 6, white rust of radish, c. conidio- phore of the white rust fungus, Cystopus candidus, <i. fertilization in Albugo Candida, e. germination of the oospore of Albugo Candida, f. ring spot on cauliflower head, g. perithecium of Mycosphmrella brassicicola, h. ascus of Mycospk<Erella brassicicola, i. ascospores of MycosphtBreUa brassicicola (g. to i. after Osmun and Anderson).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pag
RMT1HM8B–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 Fig. 125.—Lophoderniimn nervisequium. Section of a needle of Silver Fir. 6, Pyonidium on upper surface shedding conidia. a, Apothc- cium on the lower surface. (After R. Hartig.) Fig. i26.—Lophodermium nervisequium on Silver Fir. Portion of a ripe apothe- ciuin. a a, Filamentous paraphyses ; rod-like cells (conidia?), k, abjointed from the apex of the paraphyses ; the asci contain eight spores abou
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] HYPOCREALES 145 merit of the sheath has begun, may correspond to the septation of the fertihzed oogonium in other forms. Further, the origin of the asci from a single cell points to the Erysiphales and Laboulbeniales, and in view of the longitudinal divisions, perhaps especially to the latter. In Nectria the usually red or yellow perithecia are produced in groups on stromata of the same colour; the asci contain eight ascospores which are two- celled, and often produce conidia by budding while still in the ascus. The genus is large, inc Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTNE3/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-v-hypocreales-145-merit-of-the-sheath-has-begun-may-correspond-to-the-septation-of-the-fertihzed-oogonium-in-other-forms-further-the-origin-of-the-asci-from-a-single-cell-points-to-the-erysiphales-and-laboulbeniales-and-in-view-of-the-longitudinal-divisions-perhaps-especially-to-the-latter-in-nectria-the-usually-red-or-yellow-perithecia-are-produced-in-groups-on-stromata-of-the-same-colour-the-asci-contain-eight-ascospores-which-are-two-celled-and-often-produce-conidia-by-budding-while-still-in-the-ascus-the-genus-is-large-inc-RDTNE3.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] HYPOCREALES 145 merit of the sheath has begun, may correspond to the septation of the fertihzed oogonium in other forms. Further, the origin of the asci from a single cell points to the Erysiphales and Laboulbeniales, and in view of the longitudinal divisions, perhaps especially to the latter. In Nectria the usually red or yellow perithecia are produced in groups on stromata of the same colour; the asci contain eight ascospores which are two- celled, and often produce conidia by budding while still in the ascus. The genus is large, inc Stock Photo")
RMRDTNE3–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] HYPOCREALES 145 merit of the sheath has begun, may correspond to the septation of the fertihzed oogonium in other forms. Further, the origin of the asci from a single cell points to the Erysiphales and Laboulbeniales, and in view of the longitudinal divisions, perhaps especially to the latter. In Nectria the usually red or yellow perithecia are produced in groups on stromata of the same colour; the asci contain eight ascospores which are two- celled, and often produce conidia by budding while still in the ascus. The genus is large, inc
![. (B. 7ü6.) Sclerotinia Fuekeliana DE Barv. a Sclerotium, aus welchem die Bofrytis-ComeWcnWagcr hervorgewachsen sind, l> Sclerotium mit 2 Becherfrüchten. O Conidienträger der Botrytisform, in Mycel (ca. 200 fach). C" Endstück eines solchen Trägers mit seinen Verzweigungen und Sterigmen (300 fach.) A'keimende Conidie (300 fach), s Sclerotium im Durchschnitt mit einer Schlauch- fr'icht/ (schwach vergrössert), n ein Ascus mit seinen 8 Sporen (300fach). Nach dk Bary. Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCR77C/b-76-sclerotinia-fuekeliana-de-barv-a-sclerotium-aus-welchem-die-bofrytis-comewcnwagcr-hervorgewachsen-sind-lgt-sclerotium-mit-2-becherfrchten-o-conidientrger-der-botrytisform-in-mycel-ca-200-fach-cquot-endstck-eines-solchen-trgers-mit-seinen-verzweigungen-und-sterigmen-300-fach-akeimende-conidie-300-fach-s-sclerotium-im-durchschnitt-mit-einer-schlauch-fricht-schwach-vergrssert-n-ein-ascus-mit-seinen-8-sporen-300fach-nach-dk-bary-MCR77C.jpg ". (B. 7ü6.) Sclerotinia Fuekeliana DE Barv. a Sclerotium, aus welchem die Bofrytis-ComeWcnWagcr hervorgewachsen sind, l> Sclerotium mit 2 Becherfrüchten. O Conidienträger der Botrytisform, in Mycel (ca. 200 fach). C" Endstück eines solchen Trägers mit seinen Verzweigungen und Sterigmen (300 fach.) A'keimende Conidie (300 fach), s Sclerotium im Durchschnitt mit einer Schlauch- fr'icht/ (schwach vergrössert), n ein Ascus mit seinen 8 Sporen (300fach). Nach dk Bary. Stock Photo")
RMMCR77C–. (B. 7ü6.) Sclerotinia Fuekeliana DE Barv. a Sclerotium, aus welchem die Bofrytis-ComeWcnWagcr hervorgewachsen sind, l> Sclerotium mit 2 Becherfrüchten. O Conidienträger der Botrytisform, in Mycel (ca. 200 fach). C" Endstück eines solchen Trägers mit seinen Verzweigungen und Sterigmen (300 fach.) A'keimende Conidie (300 fach), s Sclerotium im Durchschnitt mit einer Schlauch- fr'icht/ (schwach vergrössert), n ein Ascus mit seinen 8 Sporen (300fach). Nach dk Bary.
RMPG3W49–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 38 V. X 4l'(» NORMANDINA PULCHRLLA Croiub. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of tballus and peritbecia. r. Vertical section of thallns. d. Vertical section of peritheciimi. e. Ascus and paraphyses /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History).
RMT3W712–Archive image from page 323 of Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet dienatrlichenp0101engl Year: 1897 Fig. 220. Trichocoma paradoxa Jungh. A Habitasbild des Fruchtkörpers, nat. Gr.; B Längsschnitt durch den Fruchtkörper, schematisiert t|l); C erste Anlagen der Asci (1300/1); D Asci mit jungen Sporen (1300J1); E reife Sporen (1300|1). (Alles nach Ed. F ischer.) . Trichocoma Junghuhn. Fruchtkörper anTänglich g
RM2AN4HGW–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . in Emericella the sheath opens by a pore,but in the majority of cases it remains closed, and the ascospores are finally Ill ll.KCTASCALES 69 liberated by its decay. The asci arc spherical or pyriform and contain twot eight continuous spores, the walls of which may be variously ornamented.In both Penicillium and Eurotium the perithecium may develop an excep-tionally thick wall, and pass into a resting stage sometimes several weeksin duration. Such a structure is described as a sclerotium. In Eurotium herbariorutn* the development of perithecia is
RMMA7HK7–. Elementary botany . r:..c 4x9, Section ol fruit body or apothecium of lichen (parmelia), showing asci and spores of the fungus. distinct from that of either of the organisms forming the component parts. This community of existence between two different organisms is called by some vtutuaiism, or 1 Nitrogen gatherers. 599. How clovers, peas, and other legumes gather nitrogen. It has long been known that clover plants, peas, beans, and many other Leguminous plants arc often able to thrive in soil where the cereals do but poorly. Soil poor in nitrogenous plant food becomes richer in this substan
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 129 on plum and wild cherry, causing "plum pockets." The ovary is the seat of attack. The mycelium after bud infection pervades the mesocarp which hypertrophies and alone produces a much enlarged fruit, usually with entire sacrifice of the other fruit parts. Asci are formed over the diseased surface much as in the last species. The mycelium is perennial in the bast and grows out into the new shoots and buds each spring. In- fection also reaches other shoots and trees by means of the spo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4GRP/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-129-on-plum-and-wild-cherry-causing-quotplum-pocketsquot-the-ovary-is-the-seat-of-attack-the-mycelium-after-bud-infection-pervades-the-mesocarp-which-hypertrophies-and-alone-produces-a-much-enlarged-fruit-usually-with-entire-sacrifice-of-the-other-fruit-parts-asci-are-formed-over-the-diseased-surface-much-as-in-the-last-species-the-mycelium-is-perennial-in-the-bast-and-grows-out-into-the-new-shoots-and-buds-each-spring-in-fection-also-reaches-other-shoots-and-trees-by-means-of-the-spo-PG4GRP.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 129 on plum and wild cherry, causing "plum pockets." The ovary is the seat of attack. The mycelium after bud infection pervades the mesocarp which hypertrophies and alone produces a much enlarged fruit, usually with entire sacrifice of the other fruit parts. Asci are formed over the diseased surface much as in the last species. The mycelium is perennial in the bast and grows out into the new shoots and buds each spring. In- fection also reaches other shoots and trees by means of the spo Stock Photo")
RMPG4GRP–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 129 on plum and wild cherry, causing "plum pockets." The ovary is the seat of attack. The mycelium after bud infection pervades the mesocarp which hypertrophies and alone produces a much enlarged fruit, usually with entire sacrifice of the other fruit parts. Asci are formed over the diseased surface much as in the last species. The mycelium is perennial in the bast and grows out into the new shoots and buds each spring. In- fection also reaches other shoots and trees by means of the spo
RMT1HY9N–Diseases of crop-plants in the Diseases of crop-plants in the Lesser Antilles diseasesofcroppl00nowe Year: 1923 DISEASES OF SUGAR CANE 321 produced from small stromatic masses on the surface of the spot. The conidia are cylindrical or long elliptical, with very thick walls, olive green to brown in colour, 3-10 septate. Red Leaf-Spot. Red leaf-spot, originally described from Java, is recorded Fig. 134 Eriosphaeria Sacchari From Wakker & Went Asci AND Spore from the West Indies by Went in Aruba Island and L. H. Gough in Trinidad. It is caused by an ascomycete with round black perithecia and
RM2AWJ268–The anatomist's vade mecum : a system of human anatomy . * An external view of the ankle joint. 1. The tibia. 2. The externalmalleolus of the fibula. 3, 3. The asci-agalus. 4. The os calcis. 5. Thecuboid bone. 6. The anterior fasciculus of the external lateral ligamentattached to the astiagalus. 7. Its middle fasciculus, attached to the os calcis.8. Its posterior fasciculus, attached to the astragalus. 9. The anterior liga-ment of the ankle. t A posterior view of the ankle joint. 1. The lower part of the interosseousmembrane. 2. The posterior inferior ligament connecting the tibia and fibula.3
![. Flo. 12".—Sc)dzolhyriuin ptannicae on Achillea Ptarmica. (v. Tubeuf del.) up the epidermis into lobes. The thick asci contain two to four large two-celled spores. Paraphyses are present. A pycnidial form is known as Leptothyrium i^tarmica^ (Sacc). Rhytisma. The fungi of this genus live in the tissues of living plants and form sclerotial cushions as isolated black spots. In these places the pycnidia are developed, and are followed by apothecia after the death of the leaves. The apothecia open by a fissure, and contain thread-like paraphyses and club-shaped asci with eight needle-shaped s Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCK6PM/flo-12quotscdzolhyriuin-ptannicae-on-achillea-ptarmica-v-tubeuf-del-up-the-epidermis-into-lobes-the-thick-asci-contain-two-to-four-large-two-celled-spores-paraphyses-are-present-a-pycnidial-form-is-known-as-leptothyrium-itarmica-sacc-rhytisma-the-fungi-of-this-genus-live-in-the-tissues-of-living-plants-and-form-sclerotial-cushions-as-isolated-black-spots-in-these-places-the-pycnidia-are-developed-and-are-followed-by-apothecia-after-the-death-of-the-leaves-the-apothecia-open-by-a-fissure-and-contain-thread-like-paraphyses-and-club-shaped-asci-with-eight-needle-shaped-s-MCK6PM.jpg ". Flo. 12".—Sc)dzolhyriuin ptannicae on Achillea Ptarmica. (v. Tubeuf del.) up the epidermis into lobes. The thick asci contain two to four large two-celled spores. Paraphyses are present. A pycnidial form is known as Leptothyrium i^tarmica^ (Sacc). Rhytisma. The fungi of this genus live in the tissues of living plants and form sclerotial cushions as isolated black spots. In these places the pycnidia are developed, and are followed by apothecia after the death of the leaves. The apothecia open by a fissure, and contain thread-like paraphyses and club-shaped asci with eight needle-shaped s Stock Photo")
RMMCK6PM–. Flo. 12".—Sc)dzolhyriuin ptannicae on Achillea Ptarmica. (v. Tubeuf del.) up the epidermis into lobes. The thick asci contain two to four large two-celled spores. Paraphyses are present. A pycnidial form is known as Leptothyrium i^tarmica^ (Sacc). Rhytisma. The fungi of this genus live in the tissues of living plants and form sclerotial cushions as isolated black spots. In these places the pycnidia are developed, and are followed by apothecia after the death of the leaves. The apothecia open by a fissure, and contain thread-like paraphyses and club-shaped asci with eight needle-shaped s
RMPG2M4T–. Parasitic fungi of Illinois / by T.J. Burrill. Fungi. 396 ItUnois State Laboratory of J^aturat History.. FiGTTKB 4. Erysiphe chicoracearum, DO. A ruptured perithecium with, thread-like appendages and protrud- ing asci, each containing two spores, — magnified 90 times. Pig. 4. ^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Burrill, Thomas J. (Thomas Jonathan), 1839-1916; Earle, F. S. (Franklin Sumner), 1856-1929. Peori
RMT1GP6J–Diseases of glasshouse plants (1923) Diseases of glasshouse plants diseasesofglassh1923bewl Year: 1923 DISEASES DUE TO FUNGI 55 spores, which are highly resistant to external conditions and carry over the disease from one season to another. Sometimes the spores are enclosed in tiny flask-Uke structures buried more or less deeply in the leaf, stem, or fruit tissues, and being thus protected are able to â y-( Fig. 3. (a) Hj'phfe, (6) thin-walled ' Buramer ' spores, (c) thick-walled resting spore, (d) a pycnidium, (e) a perithecium, (J) ascus containing eight ascospores. resist abnormal cond
RMREF6K4–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. LA BO ULBENIALES 377 asci or first divide longitudinally (Fig. 252, 5). The fundament of the asci develops by a conjugate division of the ascogenous cells; a daughter pair migrates into the young ascus, the other daughter pair remains in the ascogenous cells. This process is repeated (Fig. 252, 5). The fusion of the carpogenic cell and trichophoric cells probably is a plasmogamy similar to that of Poly stigma rubrum. Of other differences between the Laboulbeniales so far known and the Stigmatomyces type, only the variation in number of ascogenous cells
RMMCTJE9–. F Fig. 224. A—D Terfeeia Leonis Tul. A Habitusbiid, nat. Gr.; B Längsscbuitt durch einen Frnchtkörper, nat. Gr.; C Ascns und umgebendes Pseudoparencliym (500)1); D Sporen (1040[1). — E—0 T. Mattirolonis Ed. Fisihar. A'Habitusbild, Vs nat. Gr.; /^Partie aus dem Fruchtkörperiunern, vergr.; G Asci und umgebendes Pseudoparen- cliym (500|1). (A u. B nach Tulasne; E nach Mattirolo; die übrigen Originale [aus Rabenhorst's Kryptt.- gamenfloraj.)
RMPG220R–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 46. X fidO , MICROGLAENA MODESTA A. L. Sni. a Whole plant, b. Portion of thallns siiul perithecia. c. Vertical pectioii of thallus. d. Vertical section of perithecium. e. Ascus and paraphysis. /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History
RMT3Y515–Archive image from page 309 of Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet dienatrlichenp0101engl Year: 1897 296 Pleclascineae. (Fischer.) Auswüchsen besetzte, kurzgliederige Zweige Krallenhaken) erheben. Fruchtkörper rundlich, hellgelb, Durchmesser V2—i/ivn. Asci 5 [j. lang, 4—5 [j. breit. Sporen länglich ellipsoi- disch, 2 a lang, circa 1 [x breit, Membran gelb. Conidien auf freien Trägern oder in Frucht- Fig.
RMRDC1MR–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. HYPODERMELLA. 235 apothecia were present on the upper surface of the needles as isolated black spots or united into lines; they dehisce by an elongated fissure. The asci are cylindrical with rounded apices, and measure about 110m in length; they are almost sessile. Each contained four hyaline, unicellular, club-shaped spores ii. Fic. 119.—Hypodermella sulcigena. The apothecia form black lines on the needles. Ascus
![. Fig. 220. A.—D Choiromyccs macandrijormis Vitt. A Durchscliuitt durcli den FruclitkOiper, nat. Gr.; B Partie aus dem Fruchfkörperinnern, die mäandrischen, ascusführenden Gefleclitspartien deutlicher zeigend, vergr.; C Ascus und umgehende Hyphen (500|1); D Spore {1040|1). — E—G Ch. Magmisii (Mattirolo) Paoletti. E Partie aus dem Fruchtkörperinnern, vergr,; F Ascus (320/1); 0 Spore (1040|1). (A nach Hesse; F nach Mattirolo; die übrigen Originale [A—D aus Raheuhorst's Kryptogamenflora].) Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCTJDP/fig-220-ad-choiromyccs-macandrijormis-vitt-a-durchscliuitt-durcli-den-fruclitkoiper-nat-gr-b-partie-aus-dem-fruchfkrperinnern-die-mandrischen-ascusfhrenden-gefleclitspartien-deutlicher-zeigend-vergr-c-ascus-und-umgehende-hyphen-5001-d-spore-10401-eg-ch-magmisii-mattirolo-paoletti-e-partie-aus-dem-fruchtkrperinnern-vergr-f-ascus-3201-0-spore-10401-a-nach-hesse-f-nach-mattirolo-die-brigen-originale-ad-aus-raheuhorsts-kryptogamenflora-MCTJDP.jpg ". Fig. 220. A.—D Choiromyccs macandrijormis Vitt. A Durchscliuitt durcli den FruclitkOiper, nat. Gr.; B Partie aus dem Fruchfkörperinnern, die mäandrischen, ascusführenden Gefleclitspartien deutlicher zeigend, vergr.; C Ascus und umgehende Hyphen (500|1); D Spore {1040|1). — E—G Ch. Magmisii (Mattirolo) Paoletti. E Partie aus dem Fruchtkörperinnern, vergr,; F Ascus (320/1); 0 Spore (1040|1). (A nach Hesse; F nach Mattirolo; die übrigen Originale [A—D aus Raheuhorst's Kryptogamenflora].) Stock Photo")
RMMCTJDP–. Fig. 220. A.—D Choiromyccs macandrijormis Vitt. A Durchscliuitt durcli den FruclitkOiper, nat. Gr.; B Partie aus dem Fruchfkörperinnern, die mäandrischen, ascusführenden Gefleclitspartien deutlicher zeigend, vergr.; C Ascus und umgehende Hyphen (500|1); D Spore {1040|1). — E—G Ch. Magmisii (Mattirolo) Paoletti. E Partie aus dem Fruchtkörperinnern, vergr,; F Ascus (320/1); 0 Spore (1040|1). (A nach Hesse; F nach Mattirolo; die übrigen Originale [A—D aus Raheuhorst's Kryptogamenflora].)
RMPG42K1–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fio. 74.—UncinuUi salicis. Peritheciiim. (After Tulasne.) Phyllactinia. The spherical perithecia are flattened at the poles, and enclose several asci containing two or three oval sulphur-yellow spores. The appendages are sharp-pointed hairs with swoUeu bases. Phyllactinia suffulta liebent. {Fh. guttata- Wallr.) produces white spots or coatings on the leaves of many trees, e.g. beech, hornbeam, ash, birch, hazel, oak
RMT0BJWP–Dreer's garden book 1917 (1917) Dreer's garden book 1917 dreersgardenbook1917henr Year: 1917 Anthukium ANTHERICUM. Comosum {Mandaianum). A pretty variegated plant well adapted for use in hanging baskets, or as an edging for porch or window boxes, with graceful, 4 to 6 inch long, deep green foliage with a band of creamy yellow through the centre. 25 cts. each; $2.50 per doz. ARDISIA CRENULATA. A very ornamental greenhouse plant, with dark evergreen foliage producing clusters of brilliant red berries; a first-class house plant in winter. Thrifty young plants, 50 cts. each. ASCI.EPIAS. Lanceolat
RM2ANC20J–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . milien I. i, p. i8i.) action, and this is accomplished probably by the pressure of the cellwall upon the cell sap. The end of the ascus breaks open suddenly, theascus collapses, and the eight spores are discharged simultaneouslyalong with the cell sap. In Ascobolus, which is related to Pyronema,the ascogonium is at first multicellular, but all the cells empty their MII.DKWS AND RKLATKD FUNGI 167 contents into a sinj^lc largo one, from which the ascogcnous hyphu;then arise. Family 5. Pezizace^.—The apothecia of this family are saucer-or cup-shaped,
RMMCTMJB–. Fig. 55.—Gnomonia erythrostoma. i, conceptacles containing spermatia bursting through the epidermis of a leaf; 2, spermatia ; 3, section of perithecium of ascospore stage ; 4, ascus containing spores ; 5, free spores. All mag. from one orchard to another. Frank records an instance in Prussia where the cherry industry was completely wrecked by this disease, but after two years' work in collecting and burn- ing all infected leaves, the epidemic was thoroughly stamped out, and a return to the former productiveness followed. Wild cherries growing in woods and the bird cherry {Friinus avium) are
RMPG4DFY–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER XII: SPORE-SAC FUNGI— ASCOMYCETES All the fungi which belong in the class Ascomycetes de- velop their spores in little membranous sacs called asci. These asci are, as a rule, collected, together with slender empty asci, called para- physes, in variously shaped bodies, known in different orders by different names, such as perithecium, ascoma, apothecium, and receptacle. This class includes in its numbers individua
![Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] CRYPTOMYCES 259 Bark fungus {Tyftipanis conspersa. Fries.) often occurs on living bark of birch and poplar. Ascophores top-shaped, 20-40, springing from a stroma, closed at first, then exposing the black disc, margin sprinkled with a little white meal at first, wall of ascus thick, spores numerous, 1-2X0'5 /x. Spermogonia in minute conceptacles of the stroma, usually 1 t' 2> Fig. jb. — Tympanisconspcrsa. i, gi'oup of fungi on wood. 2, section of same; 3, ascus containing n Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/T1HN27/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-diseasesofcultiv00massuoft-year-1910-cryptomyces-259-bark-fungus-tyftipanis-conspersa-fries-often-occurs-on-living-bark-of-birch-and-poplar-ascophores-top-shaped-20-40-springing-from-a-stroma-closed-at-first-then-exposing-the-black-disc-margin-sprinkled-with-a-little-white-meal-at-first-wall-of-ascus-thick-spores-numerous-1-2x05-x-spermogonia-in-minute-conceptacles-of-the-stroma-usually-1-t-2gt-fig-jb-tympanisconspcrsa-i-gioup-of-fungi-on-wood-2-section-of-same-3-ascus-containing-n-T1HN27.jpg "Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] CRYPTOMYCES 259 Bark fungus {Tyftipanis conspersa. Fries.) often occurs on living bark of birch and poplar. Ascophores top-shaped, 20-40, springing from a stroma, closed at first, then exposing the black disc, margin sprinkled with a little white meal at first, wall of ascus thick, spores numerous, 1-2X0'5 /x. Spermogonia in minute conceptacles of the stroma, usually 1 t' 2> Fig. jb. — Tympanisconspcrsa. i, gi'oup of fungi on wood. 2, section of same; 3, ascus containing n Stock Photo")
RMT1HN27–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] CRYPTOMYCES 259 Bark fungus {Tyftipanis conspersa. Fries.) often occurs on living bark of birch and poplar. Ascophores top-shaped, 20-40, springing from a stroma, closed at first, then exposing the black disc, margin sprinkled with a little white meal at first, wall of ascus thick, spores numerous, 1-2X0'5 /x. Spermogonia in minute conceptacles of the stroma, usually 1 t' 2> Fig. jb. — Tympanisconspcrsa. i, gi'oup of fungi on wood. 2, section of same; 3, ascus containing n
RM2AKX684–The Pharmaceutical era . do not believe that the Gov-ernment oirieials would over have known that the drugswere in this Slate unless I had furnished the inforiua-lioii. I asci-rtaiiied through friends at Fast tSreeiiwichthat Capt. .Newell, of the ya<-ht, bad some of the goodslliire at his home, and to avoid any complications in thematter. I considered it the right thing to inform the GoT-erniiienl officers. Phenacetlns Smuggling Al Detroit.Heiroit. Miili., Nov. Hi. tlty i.legraph.) nenjamin III on. Gi-orge York and .fames .Nevilles, all colored 1111-11. were arrestisl here by the cuslonis n
RMMCK6R9–. Fig. Wb. — PloKfirjhtia mor- Ijosa. Ascus, with eight spores. Spores in germina- tion. Filamentous para- physes. (Cop. from Farlow.) Fig. 114.—PloKcightia morbosa. (v. Tubeuf phot.) injurious and widely distributed disease of various species of Prunus, especially plum and cherry. The living branches and twigs become coated with a crust of warty excrescences, and at the same time are more or less thickened and deformed. A mycelium permeates the tissues of those swollen twigs, and forms black crusty stromata in which the perithecia are embedded. The perithecia contain simple paraphyses and eig
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