RF2TBJ411–Morel (Morchella sp.) ascospores in ascus. Photomicrograph X200. Ascomycetes.
RMFCAF12–Ascus Sign shop and Harpers Point in the Old Town historic shopping and restaurant district in Fort Collins, Colorado.
RF2TC8NCP–Colonial bryozoa showing ascus, retracted polypides ans sacs. Light microscope X50 at 10 cm wide.
RMFRY6NW–Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 24th March, 2016. Bio and Beyond art exhibition at Summerhall will run from Saturday 26 March – Friday 13 May 2016 and is co-curated by Edinburgh International Science Festival, Summerhall and ASCUS Art and Science. There are 13 individual exhibitions within Bio and Beyond Scottish. Pictured James Howie. Pako Mera/Alamy Live News.
RMDTGMHA–Xanthoria parietina, lichen
RMT681G8–Photomicrograph of the asci and ascospores of the fungus Arthroderma grubyi, 1961. Image courtesy Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) / Dr Lucille K. Georg. ()
RM2AYKHWA–Several asci (spore-bearing cells of ascomycete fungi) from dirty water, pictured using 100x oil microscope objective
RM2RR4FD2–201203 -- DAMASCUS, Dec. 3, 2020 -- A man rides his bicycle in the Yarmouk Camp area, south of the capital Damascus, Syria, on Nov. 27, 2020. With mixed feelings of happiness and sadness, Jamal Hammad entered the war-ravaged Yarmouk Camp for Palestinian refugees, south of Damascus, to start a journey of returning to his old life that was scarred by the prolonged war in Syria. The 58-year-old humanitarian worker was among the first to enter the Yarmouk Camp. He climbed over the rubble and debris to reach his house, overwhelmed by the happiness of return, as well as sadness and anger about the d
RFR7KG0H–Lichen: a simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crustlike, leaflike, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees; composite organism
RF2HNH56E–Purple fairy club mushrooms close up in moss
RMP2DXRT–7 Bitunicate ascus and ascospores of Didymella rabiei
RF2HNHRJH–Purple fairy club mushrooms close up in moss
RMKBPPTH–EB1911 Fungi development of the ascus
RFT61GTY–A picture showing free cell formation of spores in the Ascus of Erysiphe Communis, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration.
RMR0P7TE–Dead man's finger's (Xylaria polymorpha) growing in moss covered decaying wood. Multiple black various shaped fingers of fungi against the green moss.
RFT5X8A7–A picture showing powdery mildew showing the Ascus containing eight Ascospores, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration.
RMW22R2E–Archive image from page 106 of The cytoplasm of the plant. The cytoplasm of the plant cell cytoplasmofplant00guil Year: 1941 Fio. 59. — The chondriome. 1, 2, Root of Cueurbita Pepo. 1, meri- stem; 2, from differentiated cell of parenchyma, some thicker chon- drioconts (P) form starch, short rods and mitochondria not per- ceptibly changed; a few elongate to thin chondrioconts. S, young ascus of PtisttUaria veaievlosa. 4, frog's liver.
RM2AN44FB–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . uv&f Fig. 7:. Humaria rutilans (Fr.) Sacc; a. telophase of second division in ascus,3370; b. prophase of third division in ascus, showing sixteen curved chromo-somes, < 2N0S..
RMPFA8HA–. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. Tt 102. Figure 5.4. GS-II labeling on P. niqrella. A) ascus, ascospore and paraphysis labeling; B) cells of the excipular layer; C) sugar negative control.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lusk, Demaris E..
RF2TC8ND8–Colonial bryozoa showing ascus, retracted polypides ans sacs. Light microscope X150 at 10 cm wide.
RMFRY6MB–Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 24th March, 2016. Bio and Beyond art exhibition at Summerhall will run from Saturday 26 March – Friday 13 May 2016 and is co-curated by Edinburgh International Science Festival, Summerhall and ASCUS Art and Science. There are 13 individual exhibitions within Bio and Beyond Scottish. Pictured James Howie. Pako Mera/Alamy Live News.
RF2TGMXKM–Asci of fungus Morchella sp. Microphotograph.
RMT6970R–Photomicrograph of the asci and ascospores of the fungus Arthroderma grubyi, 1961. Image courtesy Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) / Dr Lucille K. Georg. ()
RMMCK6PX–. Fig. 123. âLophodermium macrosporum on Spruce. â Germinated ascospores; some have germinated inside the ascus. (After R. Hartig.)
RMW24B3E–Archive image from page 224 of Denkschriften - Österreichische Akademie der. Denkschriften - Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften denkschriftens851910akad Year: 1850 aj Ascus mit Sporen. bj Paraphysen. Hvalodenna Garden iac K e i s s 1 e r. c) Einzelne Spore. tunicatis, 8-sporis (?), ca. 25 —30x 7 — 9 |x; paraphysibus plerumque sparse ramosis, ascis fere duplo 1 ongioribus, 45 — 50X 1 |x, hyalinis; sporidiis acicularibus, leviter curvatis, acutis, hyalinis, asep- tatis, ca. 20 —22 [xX 1-5 —2 |x. Oben beschriebene Art erinnert in der Farbe der Gehäuse etwas an H. latevitii Pat. et Lage
RM2AN4KJR–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fig. 18. Eremasais albus Eidam; a. b. c. d. sexualapparatus; e. /. %. h. fusion of gametangia; *. /!;. development of asci; /. parthenogenetic ascus;x 900-1000; aft ?• Eidam. Ill PLECTASCALES 59. Fig. 19. Ereinascus fertilis Stoppel; stages in the formation of the ascus, both by fusion of twocells and parthenogenetically; after Guilliermond.
RMPG4CAK–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 96 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. as it was described in Peziza Sclerotiorum, &c. (Fig. 43), which is extended by stretching into a thin membrane, it becomes a question whether the thickenings in the cases we are considering are not extended in the same way into thin membranes with the expansion of the ascus, and are to be considered therefore as reserve-pieces of membrane destined to be extended and to assist in the ejection of the spores, and comparable with th
RMFRY6NX–Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 24th March, 2016. Bio and Beyond art exhibition at Summerhall will run from Saturday 26 March – Friday 13 May 2016 and is co-curated by Edinburgh International Science Festival, Summerhall and ASCUS Art and Science. There are 13 individual exhibitions within Bio and Beyond Scottish. Pictured James Howie. Pako Mera/Alamy Live News.
RF2TGMX9T–Asci of fungus Morchella sp. Microphotograph.
RF2TBJ6CB–Asci with ascospores of morel mushroom (Morchella sp.). Optical microscope X200.
RMMCK6A1–. Fig. 123. â Lophodermiiim maerosporum on Spruce. Oerminated ascospores; â some have germinated inside the ascus. (After R. Hartig.)
RMW1546K–Archive image from page 111 of Development of cytochemical methods for. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation . developmentofcyt00lusk Year: 1991 Tt 102 Figure 5.4. GS-II labeling on P. niqrella. A) ascus, ascospore and paraphysis labeling; B) cells of the excipular layer; C) sugar negative control.
RM2AN486M–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . inishes the probability that this isa primitive type, or one that has given riseto cup-shaped forms, and it seems easier tothink of Genea and its allies as derived fromthe Pezizales by the diminution in size ofthe external aperture, the shortening andbroadening of the ascus and the increasedconvolution of the hymenium, than to regardthem as giving rise to that group by thecontrary changes. It is, however, not impro-bable that the Pezizales are polyphyletic inorigin, and that some of them may have beenderived from the higher Geoglossaceae. So far
RMPG2145–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 244 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. The small rod-like cells which sprout from the cells of the spores of Nectria inaurata and N. Lamyi * while still inside the ascus, filling it quite full and giving rise to strange misunderstandings, may also be mentioned in this place, though it is not very probable that they are of the same significance. The point of agreement between all these forms lies in their outward resemblance and in the absence of any certain
RMFRY6M9–Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 24th March, 2016. Bio and Beyond art exhibition at Summerhall will run from Saturday 26 March – Friday 13 May 2016 and is co-curated by Edinburgh International Science Festival, Summerhall and ASCUS Art and Science. There are 13 individual exhibitions within Bio and Beyond Scottish. Pictured James Howie. Pako Mera/Alamy Live News.
RF2TBJ6BE–Asci with ascospores of morel mushroom (Morchella sp.). Optical microscope X200.
RMMCTJEB–. Fig. 223. Tirmania ovalispora Patouillard. A Habitusbild, nat. ür.; B Längsscbnitt durch den Fruclitkörper, uat. Gr.; C Ascus (475|1); D Sporen (820/1). (Sämtliche Figuren nach Chätin.)
RMW153WB–Archive image from page 110 of Development of cytochemical methods for. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation . developmentofcyt00lusk Year: 1991 101 7 . 1 -â Figure 5.3. WGA labeling on P. niqrella. A) lower region of ascus with ascospore; B) ascus apex; C) buffer negative control. i. . paraphysis walls but did label vegetative cells in the excipular layers below the hypothecium (fig. 5.4A & C). Paraphyses were not labeled with WGA either. In both species the WGA labeling was increased with what should have been the sugar negative co
RM2AN4CR1–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . s able to recognize an antheridium and oogonium and theformation of an ascus or asci from the latter. These and several subsequentinvestigations have rendered the reproductive processes in the Erysiphaceaebetter known than perhaps in any other group of fungi. Spliaerotlieca Humuli* occurs on a variety of common plants, on thecultivated strawberry, where it is responsible for strawberry mildew,and especially on the hop. On the latter it is widely distributed inautumn, and, if the female inflorescences are infected, may do considerabledamage. The m
RMPG4CTX–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 87 it is the apical and most extensible portion of the wall and chiefly the area forming the lid in that portion which is most distinctly coloured blue with iodine. In the Sordarieae also I frequently saw the ascus open by a comparatively tall lid. There is a third series of cases in which the spores are ejected through an apical perfectly circular hole which before ejection of the spores is a circumscribed thinner or less compact portion
RMFRY6N1–Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 24th March, 2016. Bio and Beyond art exhibition at Summerhall will run from Saturday 26 March – Friday 13 May 2016 and is co-curated by Edinburgh International Science Festival, Summerhall and ASCUS Art and Science. There are 13 individual exhibitions within Bio and Beyond Scottish. Pictured James Howie. Pako Mera/Alamy Live News.
RMMCMRKY–. Fig. 42 RosELLiNiA Spp. (A) ASCUS OF R. BUNODES. (B) ASCUS OF R. SUBICULATA. (C) AsCUS OF R. PARAGUAYENSIS (?) (E) AsCUS OF R. PePO. (F) Terminal Hyphae from Conidial Fructification of Pepo. (G) External Hypha characteristic of Rosellinia Spp.
RMW1532E–Archive image from page 107 of Development of cytochemical methods for. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation . developmentofcyt00lusk Year: 1991 '.:-;'! 98 Results PNA, DBA and UEA-I PNA, DBA, and UEA-I did not label the fungi and bacteria tested. UEA-I and DBA did not label sections of the appropriate agglutinating blood type. WGA / GS-II Both WGA and GS-II lectins labeled the ascus wall but not the ascospore walls of Ascodesmis sphaerospora mgs fs 1 &5.2). This same labeling pattern was apparent on Pseudoplectania niqrella for both le
RM2AN39KN–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . the oogonial and the upperof the trichophoric nucleus. These divide simultaneouslyand a binucleate inferior sterile cell is separated from thebinucleate fertile cell. This in turn divides to form theascogenic cells, from which the asci are to develop, andthese and the asci which they produce are thereforebinucleate. The two nuclei in the ascus fuse and theirunion is regarded by Faull as the only nuclear fusionwhich occurs in this very curious life history. Meiosisthen takes place, followed by the third division. Theupper daughter nuclei of this d
RMPG4561–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. HIGHER FUNGI 127. Fig 40.—rHagraminatic representation of the development'of the ascogenous hyphal system and of the mature ascus. {AfUr ClausseH.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harshberger, John W. (John William), 1869-1929. Philadelphia : P. Blakiston's Son & Co
RMFRY6P8–Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 24th March, 2016. Bio and Beyond art exhibition at Summerhall will run from Saturday 26 March – Friday 13 May 2016 and is co-curated by Edinburgh International Science Festival, Summerhall and ASCUS Art and Science. There are 13 individual exhibitions within Bio and Beyond Scottish. Pictured James Howie. Pako Mera/Alamy Live News.
RMMCNF37–. Fig. 98 SpHAEROSTILBE MUSARUM, CONIDIA, ASCUS AND ASCOSPORES Bull. 6, Dept. Agri., Jamaica The conidial stage occurs on small yellow or orange cushions up to 2 mm. diameter, bearing one or more slender white stalks furnished with a brown or brownish red spherical head or ending in a point.
RMW1W1M3–Archive image from page 548 of Das botanische praktikum, anleitung zum. Das botanische praktikum, anleitung zum selbststudium der mikroskopischen botanik für anfänger und geübtere, zugleich ein handbuch der mikroskopischen technik dasbotanischepra00stra Year: 1923 XXIV. Abschnitt. Fortpflanzung der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten. Kernversclinielzungen und Kernteilungen im Ascus der Ascomyceten. Bau, Reinkultur und Sporenbildung der Hefe. Entwicklung und Bau der Myxomyceten. M ü r c li r 1 1 ii i- in . 1 k o 11 o 1 , oder frisch. Eine Amanita-, Psalliota-c, der Russnla-Art, frisch, oder in
RM2AN4EG1–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . s hyphaeramify. Erom the penultimatecells of the latter binucleateasci aredeveloped,and afterthenuclei have fused eight sporesare formed. The ascus wallbreaks down and the spores arefinally set free after the decayof the outer layer of the sheath. This sheath, with the en-closed mass of free ascospores,was long regarded as a singleorgan containing an indefinitenumber of spores; for thisreason the fungus was placedin the Hemiasci and given the Fi<generic name of Monascus.The later stages of develop-ment are in fact difficult tofollow and have b
RMPG3YP0–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 220 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS these layers into all available space, smaller hyphae are protruded; thus a compact inclosing body or perithecium is developed. With the further growth of the perithecium and the increase in size of the ascus, the inner layer and all internal hyphal branches are dissolved and appropriated. Meanwhile, the outer layer be- comes yellow or brown and forms the true wall of the peri- thecium. From the wall cells of the perithecium there are. Fig. 86. Spore
RMFRY6MA–Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 24th March, 2016. Bio and Beyond art exhibition at Summerhall will run from Saturday 26 March – Friday 13 May 2016 and is co-curated by Edinburgh International Science Festival, Summerhall and ASCUS Art and Science. There are 13 individual exhibitions within Bio and Beyond Scottish. Pictured James Howie. Pako Mera/Alamy Live News.
RMMCK5FG–. Fig. 123. —Lophodermium macrosporum on Spnice. Germinated ascospores; some have germinated inside the ascus. (After R. Hartig.) ^ Nobbe, Ber. d. sdchaisches ForatvereiiiH Versammlung zu Schandau, 1891. ^Another ascomycetous fungus—Naevia pinipen/a Rehm—occurs alone or together with this species ; Rehm regards it as parasitic (Hfdivi(jia,1892, p. 802).
RMW0PAGJ–Archive image from page 31 of Der gegenwrtige Standpunkt der Mycologie. Der gegenwrtige Standpunkt der Mycologie mit Rcksicht auf die Lehre von den Infections-Krankheiten dergegenwrtigest00eida Year: 1872 18 Ascus; au sciiu« Sti'Uc tritt reiclilirln' viissrii;o Flüssii;'koit. Dom Auftrotou <lor Sporon geht oft eine Sondoniiiij; dos Plas- mas im Ascus voraus; os tromit sich in oiiioii poriphoriscliou, i|)lasma nannto und in oinon nulir fiüssii;on, woniü; liclitbrechondon, wolclior rinp:« vom Hpiplasma umllosson wird; in diosor vväs>rii;oh Fliissiü;- Uoit ü'olit nacli do Bary dio
RM2AN4MJ5–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . nterpretation,if found, as pathological phenomena; (2) the recognition of as manychromosomes in the third division inthe ascus as in the first; (3) the observation of paired nucleiin the ascogenous hyphae. The first of these grounds has a mainly negative value; in regard tothe second, further investigation is very much to be desired; the statementof the chromosome number without figures is of little value, nor is anyfigure of the third division significant except that of the late anaphase; in theearlier stages chromosomes are scattered about the
RMPG442R–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 104 DIVISION I.âGENERAL MORPHOLOGY. mentioned also the envelope-cells on the spore-clusters of Urocystis, which will be described in Chapter V, but not the germ-tubes which appear inside the ascus in Sphaeria praecox, and which were described by Tulasne ^ as filiform appendages. We have already spoken, in concurrence with Zopf's views, of the physiological import of the gelatinous appendages as organs which may serve to attach the asco- spores to one another and to th
RMFRY6MC–Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 24th March, 2016. Bio and Beyond art exhibition at Summerhall will run from Saturday 26 March – Friday 13 May 2016 and is co-curated by Edinburgh International Science Festival, Summerhall and ASCUS Art and Science. There are 13 individual exhibitions within Bio and Beyond Scottish. Pictured James Howie. Pako Mera/Alamy Live News.
RMMCKWGP–. Fig. 65. Tomato Diseases. a. Various forms of vegetative cells of the yeast rot fungus, 6. ascus, .-. ascosporet of the yeast rot fungus (a. to c. after Schneider), d. Phoma rot on foliage, c. Phoma rot on fruit,/, pycnidium of the Phoma rot organism, g. cross-section of a pycnidium of the Phoma fungus, h. mycelium, «. pycnospores of same {d. to i. after Jamieson).
RMW0PAA6–Archive image from page 30 of Der gegenwrtige Standpunkt der Mycologie. Der gegenwrtige Standpunkt der Mycologie mit Rcksicht auf die Lehre von den Infections-Krankheiten dergegenwrtigest00eida Year: 1872 17 Fi. 3. Ascusentwicklung und Sporenbildung von Ascobolus pulclK-rrimu», nuf Pferdemist wachsend. A a reifer Ascus mit den s Sj), c unn-ifc Asci. p Paraphysen von der Hymeniulfläclic entspringend. B. S<lM(l(•ln; des Plasmas zum Zwecke der Sporenbildung. Der im Aseus, einer lang<'n, sclilain-Iituiniii,i'n. vom lly- meniuii) entspringenden Zelle, sirli lM(in(l''ii<l«' Zf|lk«'ni wi
RM2AN47PC–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fig. 55. Sepultaria coron M uniseriate spores ; ascus opening bya lid; branched, septate, clavateparaphyses; x 600. 7 98 DISCOMYCETES [ch. should be ultimately established, the curious stalked conidium of Ascoboluscarbonarius. The archicarp is of much commoner occurrence, and seems more likelyto be useful as a gauge of relationship. Among Discomycetes the simplesttype is undoubtedly that of Ascodesmis or Thelcbolus; the significant detailsin Thelebohis are not fully known, but in Ascodesmis we have a stout, twistedhypha, divided into three parts,
RMPG4GW4–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 117 The oogonium after fertilization gives rise to a more or less complicated system of ascogenous hyphae, very simple in the Erysiphaceae, very complex in some Discomycetes, which produces the asci. The sterile parts of the ascocarp, the paraphyses and enveloping structures, arise from parts below the oogonium and antheridium. The very young ascus usually receives two nuclei from the parent strand of the ascogenous hypha. These nuclei unite giving the. Please note that these images are extracted
RMMA737E–. Elementary botany . Fig. 164. Leaves of willow showing willow mildew. The black dots are the fruit bodies (perithecia) seated on the white mycelium. press on the cover glass with a needle until we see a few of the perithecia rupture. If this is done carefully we will see several small ovate sacs issue, each containing a number of spores, as shown in fig. 166. Such a sac is an ascus, and the spores are ascospores.
RMT1JJ2E–Diseases of truck crops and Diseases of truck crops and their control diseasesoftruckc00taubuoft Year: [1918] Fig. 65. Tomato Diseases. a. Various forms of vegetative cells of the yeast rot fungus, 6. ascus, .-. ascosporet of the yeast rot fungus (a. to c. after Schneider), d. Phoma rot on foliage, c. Phoma rot on fruit,/, pycnidium of the Phoma rot organism, g. cross-section of a pycnidium of the Phoma fungus, h. mycelium, «. pycnospores of same {d. to i. after Jamieson).
RM2AWJGBH–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . ccording to the several sub-genera, from simple or continuous tomultiseptate or muriform, and hyalineor coloured. In Chaetospheria theperithecia are villose, and also seated.,,^„^.^^ upon a subiculum. In Villosae there .^^sh^J* ig 110 subiculum, but the perithecia Fig. lOi.—ByssoKpiutena, with are woolly, downy, or setulose. The section of perithecium, ascus, • • ^ • t • i ? • and sporidia. principal gen US is Lasiosphaerui, in which the sporidia are hyaline, or butslightly col
RMPG4DE0–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 77 are the commencements of spores; they are formed simultaneously and soon become invested with firm membranes, and grow as they lie arranged in a longitudinal row inside the ascus to about double their original size. The protoplasm which surrounds them at first disappears rapidly in Peziza pitya as they increase in size, and like the protoplasm contained in the spores is always coloured yellow by iodine in this species. The protoplasm o
RMMCKCCE–. Fig. 81.—Psciidopeziza trifolii. i, clover leaf infected ; 2, fungus bursting through epidermis of leaf; 3, ascus with spores, also two paraphyses. Figs. 2 and 3 mag. The ascophores originate in the tissues of the host, usually the leaves. Some are parasites, others saprophytes. Dis- tinguished by the ascophore developing in the tissue of the host, and bursting through to the surface at maturity. Clover leaf spot, caused by Pseudopeziza trifolii (Fckl.), is at times very injurious to the clover {Trifoii2im) and
RMRWK5KR–The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsofbotany00gray Year: 1887 172 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. composed of slender sacs (Jsri), having thread-shaped cells intermixed ; and each ascus contains few or several spores, which are commonly double or treble. Most Lichens are flat expansions of grayish hue ; some of them foliaceous in texture, but never of bright green color; more are crusta- ceous; some are wholly pulverulent and nearly formless. But in several the vegetation lengthens into an axis (as in Fig. 580), or imitates s
RM2AJJYDT–Studies on fermentation : the diseases of beer, their causes, and the means of preventing them . iculatus. * The principal result of Dr. Eees labours consists in the discovery ofa sponilation peculiar to yeast cells, that is to say, to a formation in theinterior of these cells, and under particular conditions—such as whenthe growth occurs on slices of cooked potatoes, carrots, &c.—of two,three, or four smaller cells, which, when placed in fermentable liquids,act like the germinating spores of ferments. The mother-cell may beregarded as an ascus, and the daughter-cells as ascospores, and so the
RMPFK7XJ–. The cytoplasm of the plant cell. Plant cells and tissues; Protoplasm. Fig. 27 (left). — Development of the chondriome in Leptomitus. 1, chondrioconts in the vegetative filament: 2, 3. fragmentation of the chondrioconts and grouping about the nuclei during the formation of the zoospores; 4, granular chondriosomes in the zoospores; 5-7, ger- mination of the zoospores, elongation of chondriosomes into chondrioconts. C. chondriocont. N, nucleus. Meves' method, stained with acid fuchsin. Fig. 28 (right). — Development of the chondriome in the ascus of Pustularia vesiculosa. 1. very young ascus af
RMMCK6WE–. Flu. 63.—Exoascus aureus. Leaf section from the margiu of a swelling, showing normal and hypertrophied tissue. The cells of the swelling are abnormally elongated with thickened walls, and some show secondary cell-division. The bases of the asei are wedged in between the cells; one ascus is shown with conidia. (v. Tubeuf del.) Exoascus cameus Johan. occurs on leaves of Brtv.la odorata, B. nana, and B. intermedia. The pustular outgrowths rise above
RMRWK5KN–The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 172 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. composed of slender sacs (Asri), liaving lliread-slmpod cells intermiypd ; and each ascus contains lew or several spores, wliicli are commonly double or treble. Most Lichens are flat expansions of grayish hue ; some of them foliaceous in texture, but never of bright green color; more are crusta- ceous; some are wholly pulverulent and nenrly formless. But in several the vegetation leuglheus into an axis (as in Fig. 5SO), or imitates
RM2AN4RGK–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . her by an irregular tear or by dehiscencealong a definite line, and the spores are shot out in a jet of liquid while thedeflated ascus sinks back to about half its size (figs. 4, 5). In forms with anexplosive mechanism the ascus often elongates considerably during the latterpart of its development; the spores are arranged at the upper end and eitherfloat suspended in the fluid contents of the ascus, or are attached to theapex and to one another by cytoplasmic strands (Sordaria, Podospora,fig. 2 e). The explosive ejection of spores from different
RMPG3WDG–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 8. 600 LECIDEA (MYCOBLASTUS) SANGUINARIA Ach. (I. Plant, /). Portion of thallus and apotheoia. c. Vertical section of thalhis. d. Vertical section of apothecium. e. Ascus with spore and paraplijses.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). De
RMMAB5RP–. Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz . Fig. 1—4. Terfezia Leonis. Fig. 1. Fruchtkörper von aussen in nat. Grösse. Fig. 2. Längsschnitt durch den Fruchtkörper in nat. Grösse. Fig. 3. Ascus und umgebende Zellen vergr. Fig. 4. Sporen, stark vergr. (Fig. 1 und 2 nach Tulasne, Fig. 3 und 4 nach der Natur.)
RMT1HGNM–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 THE PARASITIC EXOASCKAE, 167 Exoascus coerulescens (Mont, et Desm.) produces similar blisters on oak leaves. Flu. 63.—Exoascus aureus. Leaf section from the margiu of a swelling, showing normal and hypertrophied tissue. The cells of the swelling are abnormally elongated with thickened walls, and some show secondary cell-division. The bases of the asei are wedged in between the cells; one ascus is s
RM2AWK5RA–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . separate from theirsporophores, and ooze from the apex ofthe pustule in an inky mass. In thiscondition it is called MelaTiconiumhicolor. Later in the season the samepustules will be found occupiedby a cluster of perithecia, perhapssix or eight, placed almost in a circle,with rather long necks (Fig. 42). Internally these peritheciacontain numerous asci closely packed together, each ascus con-taining eight sporidia, of an elliptical shape, divided across thecentre into two cells,
RMPG3WBM–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 15. JUITZdCJARPON OBSCLIRATUM Massal. n. Pliint uu rook. '). Portion of tliallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of apothociam. cL Ascus and paraphyses. e. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crombie, James Mo
RMMCX0YA–. Fig. 2,^.—Phyllactinia siiffulta. i, hazel leaf with patches of mildew; 2, perithecia, a, appendages ; b, mycelium ; c, ascus escapingfrom a perithecium « ; 3, asci containing spores. Fig. i somewhat reduced ; remainder highly mag. potassium in solution should also answer, commenced sufficiently early in the season. if sprayinc PHYLLACTINIA (Lkv.) Perithecia depressed, appendages straight, sharp pointed, with a bulbous base; asci many, rarely 3-4 spored.
RMT1HHBW–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 UNCINULA. 177 appendages having hooked tips. Within the perithecia are found the ovoid asci containing the spores; there are from four to ten asci in each perithecium, and four to eight spores in each ascus. The conidial stage was formerly known as Oidiam Tuclrri. The conidia are abjointed as oval colourless bodies from simple septate conidiophores, to the number of two or three in each chain. They ge
RM2AN4M53–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . The Significance of the Fusion in the Ascus. If this be the case itremains to consider the significance of the fusion in the ascus. The presenceof more than one nucleus in this cell, destined to be one of the largest inthe life-cycle of the fungus, is hardly surprising especially in coenocyticforms. In uninucleate species it forms part, as Harper pointed out in 1905,of the quantitative adjustment frequently observed between cytoplasm andnuclear material. But this nucleo-cytoplasmic relation does not explain whyfusion should take place between the
RMPG0REW–. Fungoid and insect pests of the farm. Agricultural pests. 52 Mildevjs [CH. as ascospores and the pear-shaped body containing them is known as an ascus. The wall of the spore case is composed of a number of polygonal cells, whose walls cause the polygonal markings on the outside. The spore cases are formed at the points where the hyphae touch one another, and each is the result of fertilization.. Fig. 18. Mycelium and spore cases of Erysiphe graminis. (Magnified.) Attached to them are a number of " appendages." In the case of Erysiphe graminis these are simple, un- branched, short h
RMMCK89B–. ^â y-%^(^ Fig. 3. (a) Hj'phfe, (6) thin-walled " Buramer " spores, (c) thick-walled resting spore, (d) a pycnidium, (e) a perithecium, (J) ascus containing eight ascospores. resist abnormal conditions. These bodies are of two kindsâthe pycnidia and perithecia. In the former the spores are produced on small stalks which line the inside of the vessel; in the latter case a number of small sacs are produced within the vessel, each of which contains
RMT1HE46–Diseases of glasshouse plants (1923) Diseases of glasshouse plants diseasesofglassh1923bewl Year: 1923 110 DISEASES OF GLASSHOUSE PLANTS Downy Mildew of the Rose.—This disease, while common on glasshouse roses, is somewhat difficult to detect. Frequently young plants appear to lack vigour for no obvious reason, but a careful examination of the leaves reveals the presence of minute fungal filaments. The causal organism, Peronospora sparsa Berk., is capable Fig. 31. Powdery mildew of the rose : («) Diseased leaves, (6) summer spores, (c) a perithecium, (d) ascus containing eight ascosporcs.
RM2AXHG20–Nature and development of plants . needle-like appendages enlarged at the base. B, Micro-sphaera, appendages dichotomous at apex. C, Uncinula, appendages coiledat apex. D, Erysiphe without appendages and crushed to show escapingasci. E, an ascus containing six ascospores. mucilaginous and may assist in the dissemination of the asco-carps. The ascospores are resting spores adapted to enduringdrought and cold as in Penicillium, which they resemble in theirdischarge and germination. 87. Forms with Slightly Opened Ascocarps.—Several ordersof the Ascomycetes are distinguished from the preceding gro
RMPG14PG–. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. 146 MANUAL OF TREE DISEASES of spore (the ascospores). These spores are confined in small delicate sacs, eight spores in each sac or ascus. During rainy periods, these sacs swell and a certain number are forced up through a tube leading from each cavity to the black mouths at the tips of the papillae. Once out- side, the sacs burst and the eight spores in each are shot into the air where they are carried away by the wind to great distances. It is these wind-blown ascospores which account for the extreme rapidity of spread of this fungus and make certain the i
RMMCKWNT–. Fig. 33. Diseases of the Cauliflower axd Radish. a. Spot disease of cauliflower (after McCuIloch), b. white rust of radish, c. conidio- phore of the white rust fungus, Cyslopus candidus, d. fertilization in Albugo Candida, e. germination of the oospore of Albugo Candida, f. ring spot on cauliflower head, g! perithecium of Mycospho'reUa brassicicola, h. ascus of Mycospha-rella brassicicola, i. ascospores of Mycosphcerella brassicicola {g. to i. after Osmun and Anderson).
RMT1HHEY–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 UNCINULA. 177 appendages liaviiig hooked tips. Within the peritheeia are found the ovoid asci containing the spores; there are from four to ten asci in each peritheciuni, tind four to eight spores in each ascus. The conidial stage was formerly known as Oidiain Tnchri. The conidia are abjointed as oval colourless bodies from simple septate conidiophores, to the number of two or three in each chain. Th
RM2AWKHDF–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . 1 Grevillea, Dec. 1892, p. 37.. Fig. 3. — Sclerotia germinating and producing Pezizae,A to D. Ascus and sporidia, E. Gard. Chron. l6 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FUNGI We have biieHy directed attention to the ordinary develop-ments of mycelium, whether filamentous or sclerotioid, butthere are still one or two special modifications which mustobtain a passing reference. Of these the mycelium of theUredineae is deserving of mention, being formed within thetissues of living plants,
RMPG4D5R–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 8i structure of that in Peziza confluens ; I could not see it in the ascus when fully formed, but the young spore-primordia on the other hand have a distinct nucleus. The spores lie close together and form a small group of usually six small round delicate cells, which occupy the apex or a part of one side of the ascus ; they are all alike when quite young and were probably therefore formed simultaneously, but they develope very unequally;
RMMCK86R–. Fig. 31. Powdery mildew of the rose : («) Diseased leaves, (6) summer spores, (c) a perithecium, (d) ascus containing eight ascosporcs. of attackmg all leaves and young shoots. The first symptom of the disease is the sudden flagging of young, vigorous leaves, which readily fall off the stem if it is shaken gently. The shoot itseK droops and dies. Diseased leaves and shoots possess reddish-purple patches bearing a fungus growth. Gradually the disease develops until all the green tissues are destroyed.
RMT1HK61–Diseases of cultivated plants and Diseases of cultivated plants and trees diseasesofcultiv00massuoft Year: [1910?] Fig. 62.—Mycosp/iaere/la sentina. i, pear leaf attacked b)' fungus, nat. size; 2, conidia of Septoria form ; 3, ascus and free spores of ascigerous form. 2 and 3 highly mag. proved by Klebahn to be the conidial condition of the asci- gerous fungus, Mycosphaerella sentina (Schroter). The injury is undoubtedly caused by the conidial form of the fungus, the ascigerous condition developing only on dead leaves that have been lying on the ground throughout the winter.
RM2AWJTA4–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . small sectiou and ascus. ,. i , , , , i i ? i lid, but at others by an irregular rup-ture, to permit of the escape of the spores. Mixed withthese spore-bearing sacs will be found a number of longthread-like bodies of equal length, or longer than the asci, andthese are termed faraijiihyses. Some mycologists believe themto represent abortiveasci, and this is sup-ported by the fact thatnow and then a para-physe is observed whichencloses one or twospores, like the normalspores of t
RMPG4GH0–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 173 This binucleate cell after fusion of its nuclei develops into the one ascus characteristic of the genus. The ascus nucleus by- division gives rise to the spore nuclei and the spores are cut out of the periplasm by reflexion of the astral rays. In Erysiphe** the oogonium and antheridium arise in a very similar way, the oogonium being somewhat curved. Feri;ilization is also similar consisting of the union of two gametic nuclei. After fertilization the oospore nucleus divides and the oogonium de
RMMCTJEG–. Fig. 221. Elaphomyces cervinus (Perä.) Schröter. A reifer FrucLtkyrper im Zusaminenhange mit einem Kieferii- wurzelaste (3j2); £ junge Fruchtanlage ebenso, schwach vergr.; 6'reifer Fruchtkörper Yon außen, nat. Gr.; Z> Längs- schnitt durch einen noch nicht ganz reifen Fruchtkörper, schwach vergr.; E Ascus, stark yergr. (^4, B, D nach R ee s und Fisc h; 6'nnd jF Original.)
RMT1HGNE–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 Flu. 63.—Exoascus aureus. Leaf section from the margiu of a swelling, showing normal and hypertrophied tissue. The cells of the swelling are abnormally elongated with thickened walls, and some show secondary cell-division. The bases of the asei are wedged in between the cells; one ascus is shown with conidia. (v. Tubeuf del.) Exoascus cameus Johan. occurs on leaves of Brtv.la odorata, B. nana, and B.
RM2AN3RA5–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . siphales and Laboulbeniales, and in view of thelongitudinal divisions, perhaps especially to the latter. In Neciria the usually red or yellow perithecia are produced in groups onstromata of the same colour; the asci contain eight ascospores which are two-celled, and often produce conidia by budding while still in the ascus. Thegenus is large, including some 250 species among which .V. cinnabarina, thecommonest in this country, is of very frequent occurrence on the living anddead branches of deciduous trees. The mycelium from the germinatingspores
RMPG4BHY–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. HYPODERMELLA. 235 apothecia were present on the upper surface of the needles as isolated black spots or united into lines; they dehisce by an elongated fissure. The asci are cylindrical with rounded apices, and measure about 110m in length; they are almost sessile. Each contained four hyaline, unicellular, club-shaped spores ii. Fic. 119.—Hypodermella sulcigena. The apothecia form black lines on the needles. Ascus
RMMCK6GD–. Fici. 6'i.—Ej:o((scv.s aurevs. Leaf section from the margin of a swelling, showing normal and hypertrophied tissue. The cells of the swelling are alniomially elongated with thickened walls, and some show secondary cell-division. The bases of the asci are wedged in between the cells; one ascus is shown with conidia. (v. Tubeiif del.) Exoascus cameus Johan. occurs on leaves of Betula o'loralu, B. ndua, and B. intermedia. The pustular outgrowths rise above
RMRX5T02–Edible and poisonous mushrooms of Edible and poisonous mushrooms of Canada ediblepoisonousm00grov Year: 1979 Figures 37-40. Semidiagrammatic drawings illustrating various types of basidia: 37, basidium of Agaricaceae (a spore, b sterigma, c basidium); 38, basidium of Tremellaceae with longi- tudinal septa; 39, deeply forked basidium of Dacrymycetaceae; 40, basidium of Auricularia- ceae with transverse septa. Figure 41. Semidiagrammatic drawing of: a ascus containing ascospores, b paraphysis. Figure 42. Diagram illustrating a small section of the lamella of a mushroom: a cystidium, b paraphyse
RM2AN43XW–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . th it by meansof pores (fig. j6 b). Additional nuclei pass into it from both the stalk andterminal cells, and Welsford has observed their fusion in pairs in theoogonium. The fusion nuclei pass into the ascogenous hyphae. The asciare large and produce each eight spores which are violet or brownish incolour; the epispore is characteristically sculptured at maturity. There areeight chromosomes in the first division in the ascus, and four in the secondand third (Dangeard (fig. 13), Fraser and Brooks). In Ascobolus glaber the archicarp is larger and m
RMPG1RCP–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. 684> THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. way groups of cells may hang together in chains (fig. 387^) for a short time, but they disarticulate sooner or later. As the substratum becomes exhausted the cells exhibit a tendency to form spores in their interior (2-8), the cell being as it were transformed into an ascus (fig. 387''). The special physiological activity associated with this and several other species is alcoholic fermentation {cf. vol. i. p. 506), i.e. the splitting up of sugar into
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