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RF2RD3G83–A professional washing vacuum cleaner for dry cleaning lies on a black sofa, close-up. Concept service for cleaning upholstered furniture.
RMT1HWRJ–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 GYMNOSPORANGIUM. 399 of the spot in question is either completely destroyed or trans- formed into irregular cells, separated by intercellular spaces. The anatomical changes in swellings (Fig. 235) induced by G. sabinae on' Junipenis Sdbina were investigated by Woernle with the following results. Wood, bast, and rind are increased round the whole circumference of the stem. Along with the broadening of
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 156 ASCOMYCETES. Exoascus Rostrupianus Sad. This fungus causes " pockets " on Prunus spinosa (sloe) similar to the preceding species. According to Sadebeck, the asci in this case are more slender.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origin Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDC2FF/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-156-ascomycetes-exoascus-rostrupianus-sad-this-fungus-causes-quot-pockets-quot-on-prunus-spinosa-sloe-similar-to-the-preceding-species-according-to-sadebeck-the-asci-in-this-case-are-more-slender-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-origin-RDC2FF.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 156 ASCOMYCETES. Exoascus Rostrupianus Sad. This fungus causes " pockets " on Prunus spinosa (sloe) similar to the preceding species. According to Sadebeck, the asci in this case are more slender.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origin Stock Photo")
RMRDC2FF–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 156 ASCOMYCETES. Exoascus Rostrupianus Sad. This fungus causes " pockets " on Prunus spinosa (sloe) similar to the preceding species. According to Sadebeck, the asci in this case are more slender.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origin
RF2BXAFEP–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG4B70–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 175.—Tuburcinia trientalis. Spore- Fig. 176.—Apex of an isolated promy- mass genninating; several promycelia have celium from Fig. 175; it carries a whorl of been produced and' are proceeding to form branches, some of which have fused in pairs; whorls of branches. (After Woronin.) all are developing conidia. (After Woronin.) spaces of the pith and rind-parenchyma, also the vessels. The hyphae apply themselves c
RFT3PEBR–Text sign showing Mosquito Borne Disease. Business photo text illnesses caused parasites transmitted by mosquitoes Hand Holding Blank White Placard Su
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RMT1HHYT–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 CLAVICEPS. 193 conidiophores. A very sweet fluid, the so-called ' houey-devv,' is separated from the sphacelia; this attracts insects, which carry the conidia to other flowers. Since the conidia aie capable of immediate germination, and give rise to a mycelium which penetrates through the outer coat of the ovary, the disease can be quickly disseminated during the flowering season of the grasses. After
RMRPX47T–. Agriculture for the Kansas common schools. Agriculture. Mistletoe on elms near Coffeyville, Kansas. (After Scott.) Because fungi and bacteria do not have this green color, which is the machinery of other plants for manufacturing food from the raw materials of air and soil, they can not prepare their own food. They therefore depend upon other plants or animals, either living or dead, for their nourish- ment. Those fungi and bacteria which get their food from living plants we have called parasites, while those which live upon dead plant or animal matter are called saprophytes. Bacteria, or ger
RF2BXAFN7–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG4B3H–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 364 UREDINEAK. direction; their sori form dark spots which break out from beneath the epidermis. The yellow uredospores have a coat beset with fine spines, and are given off from sori which may or may not be enclosed in a peridium. The sori of the aeeidium-stage have no peridium, and are known under the generic name of Caeoma; they frequently occur on other hosts than those of the teleutospores. Pycnidia are produce
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RMT1HYRD–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 476 FUNGI IMPERFECTI. of the shoots, and either rupture the epiderinis or grow out from the leaf-scar cushions (Fig. 297). The conidia are abjointed from filamentous conidiophores inside the pycnidia, and emerge as tendril-like structures. They are two-celled, small, cylindrical, and pointed at both ends. Germination takes place easily in water, and the disease
RMRDC1WJ–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHAERELLA. 213 spring in the fallen needles, which lie on the ground over winter. The ascospores are mature and capable of infection at, the beginning of June. In forests of pure larch, or in mixture with spruce, the ascospores are easily distributed by wind. In larch, underplanted with beech, the spores are kept down towards the ground by the canopy of beech foliage, so that, during the summer, they cannot be carr
RF2BXCB3H–A close-up image of the translucent top pump and bottle of a foam soap plastic dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG4B8F–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHACELOTHECA. 305 period, and produce three-celled promycelia with elongated ovoid conidia, which sprout indefinitely. In nutritive solutions two or three promycelia may be produced. Schizonella.^ The spores are produced in series on the reproductive hyphae. At first two-chambered by means of a cross-septum, they later separate into two loosely-joined cells and form twin-spores; each half germinates like an Ustilag
RF2RD3G80–Cleaning the sofa with special equipment, an electric brush to lift the pile on the upholstery of the sofa. Dry cleaning of upholstered furniture.
RMT1KBA0–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 550 THE PATHOGENIC ALOAE. The zoospores (gametes) coi)ulate in the gelatinous mass which escapes, and break out from it as free swarming zygozoospores. When the Lemna falls to the bottom in autumn, or when it dries up, the cells of the alga become resting-cells capable of sustaininrc drought. I'lants of Lcmna seem to be little disturbed by attacks of the endophyte, and develop their flowers normally.
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CUCURBITARIA. 209 unicellular conidia, at first white, later grey. It is these pyenidia which cause the fine perforations of the periderm of twigs. Yet another form of pyenidia, previously known as Diplodia cytisi (Awd.), (N"o. 4). This, like the last, breaks through the corky layers of the bark. It has a peridium composed of loose pseudoparenchyma and, without the intervention of conidio- phores, produces two- Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDC1XH/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-cucurbitaria-209-unicellular-conidia-at-first-white-later-grey-it-is-these-pyenidia-which-cause-the-fine-perforations-of-the-periderm-of-twigs-yet-another-form-of-pyenidia-previously-known-as-diplodia-cytisi-awd-nquoto-4-this-like-the-last-breaks-through-the-corky-layers-of-the-bark-it-has-a-peridium-composed-of-loose-pseudoparenchyma-and-without-the-intervention-of-conidio-phores-produces-two-RDC1XH.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CUCURBITARIA. 209 unicellular conidia, at first white, later grey. It is these pyenidia which cause the fine perforations of the periderm of twigs. Yet another form of pyenidia, previously known as Diplodia cytisi (Awd.), (N"o. 4). This, like the last, breaks through the corky layers of the bark. It has a peridium composed of loose pseudoparenchyma and, without the intervention of conidio- phores, produces two- Stock Photo")
RMRDC1XH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CUCURBITARIA. 209 unicellular conidia, at first white, later grey. It is these pyenidia which cause the fine perforations of the periderm of twigs. Yet another form of pyenidia, previously known as Diplodia cytisi (Awd.), (N"o. 4). This, like the last, breaks through the corky layers of the bark. It has a peridium composed of loose pseudoparenchyma and, without the intervention of conidio- phores, produces two-
RF2BXAFMY–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG3PW1/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-552-the-pathogenic-algae-mycoidaceae-cephaleuros-mycoidea-karsten-mycoidea-parasitica-cunning-this-alga-is-epiphytic-on-the-leaves-of-most-trees-and-shrubs-in-the-tropics-it-varies-considerably-in-its-appear-quotgtampgt-fig-328cephaleuros-mycoidea-section-through-the-epidermis-of-a-leaf-of-catntllia-showing-the-thallus-like-disc-with-haustoria-after-gxinningiiani-ance-but-generally-for-PG3PW1.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for Stock Photo")
RMPG3PW1–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for
RF2T728EA–Applying a special cleaning solution to clean stains and dirt on upholstery of upholstered furniture. The first stage of dry cleaning.
RMT1J0K0–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 526 T1II<; PATHOGENIC SLIME-FUNGI. young roots of newly germinated cabbage, turnips, etc. They do this by penetrating the cell-wall, probably that of a hair to begin with, and the malformation ensues. The myxainoebae possess a flagellum and pseudopodia, so that they are fitted for Fio. 316.—Plasmodio'phora hroxiccK. Effects on Tiiniip grown in Russia. (After Woronin.) different modes of locomoti
RMRDD716–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. GYMNOSPORANGIUM. 395 The strikingly characteristic cleavage of the wood by the overgrown elements of the medullary rays and the wood- parenchyma, in the case of the twig-inhabiting form, will be seen from the figures (Fig. 229). As already noticed, the sporogenous cushions are generally formed on one side. After. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc
RF2BXAG16–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG427Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. POLYPORUS. 441 stems of oak-trees. At first they are soft, later hard and brown with grooves on the upper side. The dark heart-wood of the oak exhibits white or yellowish longitudinal stripes of rotten wood converted into cellulose (Fig. 272). In the white portions. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance o
RF2RD3G7R–Cleaning sofa cushions with a special electric brush. Dry cleaning of upholstered furniture, close-up.
RMT1HTTJ–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 mMk Fifi. 204.—Diseased stem of I'lurinium in a Liter stage than Fig. 203. In each epirteniial cell («, (() .six mother-cells have been fonned, eafh subdivided into four teleutosiiores. Promycelia ('/) have developed from many of the latter, and are in process of abjointing off the sporidia from lateral sterigmata. X 420. (After R. Hartig.)
RMRDD7KX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. MELAMPSORA. 367 The patches of Caeoma laricis Hartig.^ appear as golden-yellow cushions on the underside of the needles. The sporophores from which the aecidiospores are abjointed, form the centre of the patch, the periphery being occupied by numerous sterUe threads, which grow out as long paraphyses; it may so happen that the whole cushion consists only of these last. The formation of Gaeoma- patches is preceded by
RF2BXAG15–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG430E–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON THE FORM OF HOST-PLANT. 25. the ovules become atrophied, whereas the rest of the flower is hypertrophied. Similarly with flowers of cowberry deformed by Uxobasidium. 2. Hypertrophy.âMany para- sitic fungi cause abnormal enlarge- ment or other malformation of plants which they attack. The simplest case of hypertrophy is seen in the enlargement of a uni- cellular plant as a result of an en
RMT1JJBC–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 Fig. 300.—Fusoma paranUicum. Dis- eased Pine-seedlings, with, a, root killed; b, hypocotyl killed; c, first leaves and plunmle killed. (After R. Hartig.) Fig. 310.—Epidermis of a Pine-seedling with a stoma. Some h3ihae of Fusoma have produced partial dissolution of cell- walls. (After R. Hartig.)
RMRN41JT–. Animal parasites and human disease. Insect Vectors; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 446 MOSQUITOES water and even in brackish water, provided food material, in the form of dead organic matter and the accompanying bacteria, is present. Atkin and Bacot have recently shown that the food consists almost, if not quite, exclusively of bacteria, and that when the larvae are present in large numbers they exert a considera- ble influence in the purification of water. Often the larvae are over- looked, since they immediately wriggle to the bottom of
RF2BXAFMW–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG3R5D–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 546 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. but several inhabit Hepaticae, chiefly species of Anthoceros, Blasia, Pellia, Aneura, Diplolaena, Sauteria, and Biccia. Nostoc lichenoides Vauch.^ is a common endophyte in the mucilage-cavities of Anthoceros laevis. The motile algal filaments sain admission through the stomata or mucilage-fissures on the lower side of the thallus. Only one filament is admitted into each cavity, then the ope
RMT1H0KC–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 AGLAOSPORA. 227 Fio. 110.âExamples of Oak-stem atticked by Aylaotpora taleola.. 1, Portion â diseased for two years; a, the portion still healthy ( x |). 2, Portion diseased for four years ( x i). 3, Section with spots diseased for four, seven, and ten 'ears respectively ( X ). (After R. Hartig.)
RMRDDWWN–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 38 REACTION OF HOST TO PARASITIC ATTACK. men other substances make their appearance in the lignified walls, chiefly tinctorial phlobaphenes. The walls of the wood-elements are, however, not lignified to the same extent. The primary layer of the wall is, as a rule, lignified most and contains but little cellulose. In con- sequence, on treatment with lignin-solvents, it becomes first dissolved while the secondary and
RF2BXAG17–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG4BC8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 274: ASCOMYCETKS. glutinous; it consists of small eight-spored asci over which project septate paraphyses, and also non-septate paraphyse-like structures which discharge a brown secretion. The ascospores are unicellular, hyaline, and canoe-shaped; on germination they give off a germ-tube which immediately develops into a septate mycelium. The mycelium is found in the intercellular spaces of the rind-parenchyma, but
RF2A4F05M–The doctor examines a girl patient with fatty hepatosis and metabolic disorders in the liver, cancer
RMT1J0K9–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 PLASMODIOPHORA. 527 mentary condition and twisted course of the vessels, and an accumulation of transitory starch in the tissues. [The methods at our disposal for combating this parasite all work indirectly. Its spores seem to retain their vitality for two, three, or more years, hence one very evident measure is not to plant the same crop in succession on land which has been attacked. As, however, all
RMRDD7YN–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 314 USTILAGINEAE. epispore, and the clusters appear black or leaden-grey. Ger- mination as in Entyloma. Melanotaenium endoirenum (Unger) (Britain). This is found on Galium MoUiigo and G. verum. The mycelium permeates the whole intercellular system of the host, and is nourished by large tufted haustoria. The host-plants remain small, with shortened internodes, shrunk leaves, and undeveloped flowers. The spores occur
RF2BXCBK3–A close-up image of the translucent top pump and bottle of a foam soap plastic dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG4B0D–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CRONARTICM. 383 and curl up. unknown. In some districts very common. Aecidial stage Gymnosporangium.^ Teleutospores bicellular and furnished with stalks which have gelatinous walls, so that the spores come to form part of a gelatinous mass.^ The first-formed teleutospores are thick-. Fig. 21G.—Gymnosporangiuvi clavaiiaeformc. 1, S, 3, Stages in dbvelopment of the spore-cushions. U, 5, 6, Isolated spores (enlarged);
RMT1HM5E–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 LOPHODERMIUM. 237 suffered by it should, where other soil conditions permit, be planted with Weymouth pine {Pinus Strohus) and the Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Douglcmi), which are, as yet, exempt from attacks of this parasite. Infection would seem to be brought about chiefly by westerly winds (in Germany), which carry diseased leaves or fungus-spores from infected places. Large areas run greater risks t
RMRE22JP–. Pharmaceutical bacteriology. Bacteriology; Disinfection and disinfectants. MICROANALYTICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY 429 It will be found that everything which it may be desired to file may be classified under one or the other of the groups above named. In so far as practicable, every article should be listed under its more coramon English name, with exceptions. For example, the various slides of the group bacteria, may be arranged in the alphabetical sequence of the true scientific names. A like classification suggests itself for the groups protozoa and perhaps parasites. A properly ar
RF2BXCB7J–A close-up image of the translucent top pump and bottle of a foam soap plastic dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG4BB8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 280 USTILAGINEAE. in a yeast-like manner, but on exhaustion of the nutritive materials, the primary conidia, and even the constituent cells of the promycelium, give off germ-tubes. Conidia are never found on the maize-plant itself, but Brefeld's investigations have demonstrated their production on dung-cultures, so that conidia may possibly be produced on manure-heaps or manured soil, and young plants be infected by
RMT1JF5Y–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 358 UREDINEAE. some confusion between plants infested with this Fuccinia and those with species of Accidvmn. The changes induced on anemone by either Aecidium Icucos'permum D.C. or Aec. pundatum Pers. are quite distinct (Fig. 190). y ..,«:->;-r-..->fJ fi.jSA.': â > SA i '&-'
RMRDDWK1–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 130 PHYCOMYCETES. wet season is very favourable to it. The mycelium is non- septate and spreads through the intercellular spaces of the host, nourished by button-like haustoria sunk into the host-cells. The antheridium comes into contact with the oogonium by a fertilization tube, which, however, remains closed. The oospores hibernate in leaves and fruit. Frevention} Ammoniacal copper carbonate solution, eau celeste,
RF2BXAFWX–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG0R79–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 110 PHYCOMYCETES. and the formation of zoosporangia take place in the cells of the living host-plant. In addition, spores are formed which have a resting period. {B) Only one kind of spore is formed; it has a resting period, and only proceeds to produce sori of zoosporangia after decay of the host-plant. (a) Ghrysochytrmm: protoplasm contains a yellow oil. (b) Leucochytrium: protoplasm colourless. Each of these divi
RMT1HWK8–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 i;ymnosporangium. 393 Woernle investigated the anatomical changes induced by the various Gymnosporaiujia frequenting the twigs and needles of Juniperus communis. In the needles the mycelium lives inter- cellularly, at first outside tlie endodermis, but later also penetrating within this. The sporogenous cushions originate on the upper surface of the leaf to righ
RMRDD72D–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CHRYSOMYXA. 379 occurs on Ledum palustre. It is difficult to distinguish from the preceding species, and causes the formation of similar aecidia on spruces in Northern Germany and other parts where Bhodo- devdron is not indigenous. Its uredospores are also capable of hibernating and of propagating the fungus where spruce is absent. Chr. himalayensis Barcl. occurs on leaves of Rhododendron arboreum in the Himalaya..
RF2BXCBJW–A close-up image of the translucent top pump and bottle of a foam soap plastic dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG430Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 22 REACTION OF HOST TO PARASITIC ATTACK. of Other examples, since many of these will be referred to again in other chapters, particularly when hypertrophy is under consi- deration. § 5. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON THE FOEM OF THE HOST-PLANT. 1. Arrest of growth, and Atrophy. While a large number of fungi produce more or less extensive enlargement of parts of their host, others cause arrest of organs, crippling, imp
RMT1HY6T–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 458 BASIDIOMYCETES. point, whereby a felted tissue, called the medulla, is produced in the interior. The outer parts of the pseudoparenchyma, on the other hand, coalesce to form the so-called rind, which when young gives off numerous delicate hyphae, and these, taking advantage of the medullary rays, penetrate the wood, and especially the resin-ducts, should such be present. In the wood the growth is
RMRDC28E–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHAEROTHECA. 173 Sphaerotheca (Podosphaera) castagnei Lev. (Britain and U.S. America). The Hop-mildew. The mycelium is found on all parts of hop-plants, causing considerable damage, especially when it attacks the young inflorescences. The perithecia have recumbent, brown, simple appendages. This species appears chiefly on various Compositae, Eosaceae (esp. Spiraea Ulmaria), Gucurbitaceae, Geraniaceae, etc. Sorauer
RF2BXAFW5–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG4BBN–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. •278 USTILAGINEAE. the former is the case when nutrition is abundant, as when under artificial cultivation, the latter under less favourable nutrition; in very unsuitable conditions, the constituent cells. Fig. 149.—UstiLago maydis. Diseased Maize-heads after removal of enclosing leaves. The heads are beset with smut-boils of all sizes, some niptlired, others stiU unbroken, (v. Tubeuf phot.) of the promycelium may e
RMT1HX5N–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 AKCIDILM-FOILMS. 4o: ill the growth of the wood disturhs the elements, so that they are irregularly developed and more or less twisted. A mycelium inhabits the tissues of abnormal twigs ami cankered swellings. It grows in the intercellular spaces of the rind, between the bast cells and outer parts of the wood, and derives nutriment by means of haustoria : these
RMRE1C9D–. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. Fig. 177.—Plasmodium falciparum. Ookinetes in the stomach of Anopheles (Grassi). mammals, the insect hosts, so far as known, are always mosquitoes. The mosquitoes become infected by biting and sucking the blood of infected animals; the warm-blooded animals become infected by being bitten by infected mosquitoes, and so on, in endless cycles. The parasites differ but little in the details of structure and de- velopment, so that the following description ma
RF2BXCBRG–A close-up image of the translucent top pump and bottle of a foam soap plastic dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG41Y7–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 446 BASIDIOMYCETES. bark of birch. Spathulate cystidia Spores colourless, and acutely ovate and forming crusts on the occur between the basidia. in shape. This is parasitic on birch. The mycelium kills and permeates the wood-parenchyma which forms the greater mass of the later-formed parts of each year-ring, with the result that the various year-rings of the wood separate from each other as concentric hollow cylinde
RMT1HK9N–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 spring ill the fallen needles, which lie on the ground over winter. The ascospores are mature and capable of infection at the beginning of June. In forests of pure larch, or in mixture with spruce, the ascospores are easily distributed by wind. In larch, underplanted with beech, the spores are kept down towards the ground by the canopy of beech foliage, so that, during the summer, they cannot be carr
RMRDCY2B–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. ' '^. '. Fig. 305.—Septogloeum Hartigianum on Acer campestre. The dead twigs exhibit black points and lines—the pycnldia of the parasite, (v. Tubeuf phot.) and has not as yet been found out of that neighbourhood; it attacks the pure-culture seed-beds only. Septogloeum. Like Gloeosporium, except that it has pluricellular conidia. Septogloeum Hartigianum Sacc.^ Twigs of the common maple (Acer campestre) are subject
RF2BXAFWJ–A close-up image of the translucent top pump of a foam soap plastic bottle dispenser set on a white background.
RMPG42Y3–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 44 REACTION or HOST TO PARASITIC ATTACK. to increase in the actual wood elements. This is the case in twigs of silver fir witches' brooms, in young swellings of juniper attacked by Gyvinosporangium, and in the thickened twigs of Albizzia resulting from Uromyces Tepperianii^ (^ig- 181). There may be, however, a distinctly increased growth of the wood. Thus, with attacks of Gymnosporangium frequenting juniper, especia
RMT1HRBH–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 Fic). 175.—Tuburcinia trientalis. Spore- Fio. 176.—Apex of an isolated promy- mass germinating; several promycelia have celium from Fig. 175 ; it carries a whorl of been produced and are proceeding to form branches, some of which have fused in pairs; whorls of branches. (After Woronin.) all are developing conidia. (After Woronin.) spaces of the pith and rind-parenchyma, also the vessels. The hyphae a
RMRN4P7E–. Animal parasites and human disease. Insects as carriers of disease; Medical parasitology. PATHOGENIC EFFECTS 261. prevents the coagulation of blood ; (4) the entrance of harmful bacteria and other microscopic organisms into the wounds made by the worms, xesulting in the absorption of bacterial toxins and in the formation of dangerous lesions; (5) a thickening and de- generation of the mucous walls of the intestine; and (6) the secretion of^pbTsonous substances or toxins from glands in the heads of the worms. These poisonous secre- tions, which have blood-destroying properties, probably accou
RF2BMDGM9–A close-up shot of an open aquamarine push top cap of a disinfectant wet wipes plastic container set on a plain white background.
RMPG4B5N–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PUCCINIA. 343 hyphae forming the bottom of the aecidium-cup. These hyphae give rise to numerous short sporophores, from each of which a single long chain of spores is abjointed in basipetal succession, the spores being at first separated by temporary intermediate cells. The sporophores round the margin of each aecidium do not, however, give off spores; they also produce chains of cells basipetally, but these grow la
RMT1HWW7–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 GYMNOSPORANGIUM. 399 of the spot in question is either completely destroyed or tiaus- formed into irregular cells, separated by intercellular spaces. The anatomical changes in swellings (Fig. 235) induced by (t. sdhinae on JunijHrus Sahina were investigated by Woernle with the following results. Wood, bust, and rind are increased round the whole circumference of
RMRN51YK–. Animal parasites and human disease. Insect Vectors; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. PATHOGENIC EFFECTS 261 prevents the coagulation of blood; (4) the entrance of harmful bacteria and other microscopic organisms into the wounds made by the worms, resulting in the absorption of bacterial toxins and in the formation of dangerous lesions; (5) a thickening and de- generation of the mucous walls of the intestine; and (6) the secretion of poisonous substances or toxins from glands in the heads of the worms. These poisonous secre- tions, which hav
RF2BMDGNJ–A close-up shot of an open aquamarine push top cap of a disinfectant wet wipes plastic container set on a plain white background.
RMPG0R7H–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. OLPIDIUM. 107 Olpidium brassicae, (Wor.)^ ( = Chytridium brassicae, Wor.) Cabbage-seedlings die if this fungus finds its way into the tissue at the neck of the root. The spherical sporangia are formed at this place, and their long necks project out of the cells enabling the uniciliate swarm-spores to escape. Eesting-spores with a warty thickened membrane occur in the cells of the epidermis.. Fig. 24.—Chi/ti'idium br
RMT1HWTF–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 398 UREDINEAE. The anatomical changes exhibited in diseased parts of pear- leaves have been briefly described by Fentzling.- He found a radial elongation of the cells of the spongy parenchyma and an accompanying accumulation of starch. Wakker, about the same time, obtained similar results in the case of Crataegus Oxyaantha deformed by G. davariaeforme (see p. 38
RMRDC1MJ–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. LOPHODERMIUM. 237 suffered by it should, where other soil conditions permit, be planted with Weymouth pine {Pinits Strohus) and the Douglas fir {Pseudotsuga JDmtglasii), which are, as yet, exempt from attacks of this parasite. Infection would seem to be brought about chiefly by westerly winds (in Germany), which carry diseased leaves or fungus-spores from infected places. Large areas run greater risks than small pat
RF2BMDGNE–A close-up shot of an open aquamarine push top cap of a disinfectant wet wipes plastic container set on a plain white background.
RMPG4B8Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 296 USTILAGINEAE.. celia, may develop to mycelia; coalescence of conidia is unknown. In nutritive solutions conidia are formed in large numbers, and multiply yeast-like till nutriment fails. Ust. succisae Magn.^ frequents the anthers of Scdbiosa Succisa, and forms pure white spores, easily distinguished from those of the two preceding species. The anthers appear to be thickly covered with glassy granules. The spores
RMT1HX36–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 AECIDIUM-FORMS. 407 in the growth of the wood disturbs the elements, so that they are irregularly developed and more or less twisted. A mycelium inhabits the tissues of abnormal twigs and cankered swellings. It grows in the intercellular spaces of the rind, between the bast cells and outer parts of the wood, and derives nutriment by means of haustoria : these either bore through the cell-walls, or onl
RMRH9G6G–. Botany for secondary schools; a guide to the knowledge of the vegetation of the neighborhood. Plants. SAPROPHYTES AND PARASITES 91. days it will be mouldy. The spores were in the air, or per- haps they had already fallen on the bread but had not had opportunity to grow. 193. Saprophytes break down or decompose organic „ substances. Chief of these saprophytes are the microscopic organisms known as bacteria (Fig. 136). These innumerable bodies are immersed in water or in animal and plant juices, and absorb food over their entire surface. By breaking down organic com- binations, they produce de
RF2BMDGGN–A close-up shot of an open aquamarine push top cap of a disinfectant wet wipes plastic container set on a plain white background.
RMPG42GT–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 194 ASCOMYCETES. forming, with alkalies, salts soluble iu water. This is the real cause of ergot poisoning and gives rise to gangrene. In large doses it produces cramp similar to strychnine, and tetanus of the uterus. (3) Ergotic add, a nitrogenous, easily decomposed glycoside, which has no effect on the uterus. It is more a narcotic which diminishes reflex excitability and finally stops it. Kobert experimented chie
RMT1HJ3A–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 CLAVICEPS. 193 conidiophores. A very sweet fluid, the so-called ' houey-dew,' is separated from the sphacelia; this attracts insects, which carry the conidia to other flowers. Since the conidia are capable of immediate germination, and give rise to a mycelium which penetrates through the outer coat of the ovary, the disease can be quickly disseminated during the
RMRDCXP8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NOSTOC. 543 the slime-canal into the gland itself, and there occupy the space left by the glandular cells on their conversion into slime. Thence the filaments find their way into the intercellular spaces of the starch-containing parenchyma surrounding the gland, and become closely applied to the cell-walls. The Nostoc then bores through or dissolves the cell-wall, absorbs the starch, and grows vigorously till it fil
RF2BMDGM8–A close-up shot of an open aquamarine push top cap of a disinfectant wet wipes plastic container set on a plain white background.
RMPG4AM4–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 426 BASIDIOMYCETES. cinium MyrtillvsY causing a premature fall of the leaf and suppression of the flower. The external symptoms of the disease differ somewhat from those on cowberry. Diseased leaves are much larger than the normal, but are neither thickened nor blistered; on the under side they have a whitish or reddish coating, and fall off easily. I have never observed the disease on the stems of bilberry. In spit
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