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Booksubjectplantdis Stock Photos and Images
RMMCKBYG–. Fig. 163.—Eriophyes ribis, causing ' big bud ' of black currant. time in an unexpunded condition—in fact they arc killed by the mites, which are often present in thousands. During early summer most of the mites leave the old dead buds and migrate to the newly formed buds, where they remain for
RMRCD93P–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. LOPHODERMIUM 249 Usually saprophytes on dead leaves or stems. Ascophores often gregarious on bleached spots. Pine leaf cast {Lophoderrtiium pinastri, Chev. =Hyster- ium pinastri, Schrad.) !s the cause of a serious disease to seedling conifers, which results in the leaves being shed; if this occurs for two or three years in succession the trees are killed outright. According to Hartig the disease may frequently be observed even in the first autumn, by the
RMMCKCD4–. 1^ ^t' 2> Fig. jb. — Tympanisconspcrsa. i, gi'oup of fungi on wood. 2, section of same; 3, ascus containing numerous spores; 4, spores ; 5, conidia. Figs. 2-5 mag. mixed with the ascophores, 0-5-1 It.. spermatia cylindrical, 2-5 x A variety called wr?//(Rehm.), having fewer ascophores, 4-10 in a cluster, occurs on bark of apple, hawthorn, mountain- ash, and other rosaceous plants. CRYPTOMYCES (Grev.) Ascophores immersed in a white stroma covered by the blackened epidermis which is firmly united to the black crust of the stroma, finally opening by long cracks ; asci cylindrical, 8-spored;
RMRCD8X9–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. PERIDERMIUM 323 Simla. The American forms referred to this species are quite distinct. Pseudoperidia solitary or scattered, large, for a long time ^jFm. Fig. 97. — Peridcrmiuin Ha?-ki!essi. i, young stem of Pin us ponderosus, three years old, showing the Peridermium, two- thirds nat. size ; 2, appearance of a stem, eight years old, attaclced by the fungus, the swollen portion being studded with aecidia, two-thirds nat. size ; 3, section through Fig. 2, s
RMMCKCAY–. Fig. 91.—Puccinia malvacearum. Hollyhock leaf showing pustules of fungus ; 2, teleutospores, one germinating. Highly mag. Teleutospores only are present. These are fusoid or clavate, apex thickened, yellow-brown, smooth, 30-50X10- 12 /A, pedicel hyaline, about as long as spore. This fungus is common on many of our wild caryophylla- ceous plants, as chickweed, stitchwort, lychnis, etc., hence all such weeds should not be allowed to grow in the neigh- bourhood of cultivated plants. The directions given under
RMRCE2ER–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 55° DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS extent depending on the number of galls on the roots. This injury, together with that caused by the worms drawing their food from the plant, checks its growth and often kills it out- right, or so weakens it that fungus diseases come in and hasten its destruction.' The same authors state that 'the most effectual, complete,. Fig. 167. Eelworms. i, male of Tylenchus. devastatrix (after Ritzema Bos) ; 2, female of Heterodera
RMMCTN8B–. Fig. b^.—Claviceps purpurea, i, ergot on rye-grass; 2, ergot on rye; 3, section of portion of conidial fruit ; 4, sclerotium or ergot bearing the stalked, ascigerous form of fruit; 5, head of ascigerous fruit showing warted surface, due to projecting mouths of perithecia; the section shoNss perithecia sunk in the fleshy stroma ; 6, ascus ; 7, free needle-shaped spore. Figs, r, 2 and 4 nat. size ; remainder variously mag. cereals, especially rye, also in the inflorescence of many kinds of grasses. Infection takes place when the plants are in bloom, the mycelium developing in the ovary, replac
RMRCD94K–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 220 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Differs from Sphaerella in the spores being more than i-sep- tate, and from Leptosphaerella in the absence of paraphyses. The majority of species occur on fallen leaves and are considered as saprophytes, but nothing certain is known of the life-history of most forms. Yew leaf scorcli (^Sphacnilina taxi, Massce) is at times the cause of serious damage to yews. The leaves are attacked, the first indication of mischief bein
![. Fig. I";'^. — Usnea barhnta and Ramalitiafraxhica, lichens "growing on branch of api)le-tree. Reduced. they prove injurious to the extent of preventing the bark from performing its functions, and more especially in afford- ing shelter to numerous forms of insect life which are decidedly injurious to vegetation. Lichens and mosses are killed by spraying with strong Bordeaux mixture or with a Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCKC1H/fig-iquot-usnea-barhnta-and-ramalitiafraxhica-lichens-quotgrowing-on-branch-of-apile-tree-reduced-they-prove-injurious-to-the-extent-of-preventing-the-bark-from-performing-its-functions-and-more-especially-in-afford-ing-shelter-to-numerous-forms-of-insect-life-which-are-decidedly-injurious-to-vegetation-lichens-and-mosses-are-killed-by-spraying-with-strong-bordeaux-mixture-or-with-a-MCKC1H.jpg ". Fig. I";'^. — Usnea barhnta and Ramalitiafraxhica, lichens "growing on branch of api)le-tree. Reduced. they prove injurious to the extent of preventing the bark from performing its functions, and more especially in afford- ing shelter to numerous forms of insect life which are decidedly injurious to vegetation. Lichens and mosses are killed by spraying with strong Bordeaux mixture or with a Stock Photo")
RMMCKC1H–. Fig. I";'^. — Usnea barhnta and Ramalitiafraxhica, lichens "growing on branch of api)le-tree. Reduced. they prove injurious to the extent of preventing the bark from performing its functions, and more especially in afford- ing shelter to numerous forms of insect life which are decidedly injurious to vegetation. Lichens and mosses are killed by spraying with strong Bordeaux mixture or with a
RMRCD8MW–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. PHOMA 409 Phoma solani (Halsted) causes a 'damping off' of egg- plants. The disease attacks the seedHngs at the base of the stem, the fruit of the fungus appearing as exceedingly minute dots on the diseased part. Halsted, New Jersey Agric. Exp. Sta. Rep., 1891.. Fig. 127.—Phoma sanguinolenta. i, diseased carrot; 2, diseased carrot flowering stem ; 3, portion of a diseased spot showing perithecia with the conidia escaping as a viscid tendril ; 4, section
RMMCKBY6–. Fig. 165.—Left-hand fig., gooseberr}' red spider (Biyobia ribis, Thomas). Right-hand fig., eucliaris mite, bulb mite, etc. [rhizo- glyphns echinopiis). in the first instance to some error of treatment, and that the mites were simply feeding on the more or less decayed portions. It has, however, been definitely proved by Michael that the mites are the primary cause of injury, and that indeed they prefer sound bulbs. The base of the bulb and the roots are most frequently attacked, and the mites can often be seen in large numbers in the injured ' cushion ' of the bulb when a magnifying-glass is
RMRCE2F4–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. MITES 545 to the roots of the vine. This mite has been distributed all over the world in its food plants. The indications of its presence are: arrest of growth; the leaves becoming yellow : failure to produce flowers; reddish- brown spots on the bulb-scales, indicating places where the mites have been feeding. There was at one time some difference of opinion as to whether the mite was the primary cause of injury to the bulbs infested with it. It was thou
RMMCNBC3–. Fig. 2.—An example of good pruning. The wound was at once protected by a coating of gas-tar, and is nearly covered by a development of callus. The figure represents portion of a poplar growing in Kew Gardens. Much re- duced. clearly indicates. The plant anticipates the fall of certain branches some time in advance, by forming a layer of peri- derm across the branch at the point where the portion no longer required is to be cut off, so that when the twig actually
RMRCE2EH–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 55= DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS to perform its function of supplying water to the above-ground portion of the plant. The following measures for sterilising soil and checking. Fig. i6%.—Helerodera radicifola (eelworm), forming jj; tomato root; slightly reduced. the disease, are recommended by the Board of Agriculture, in Leaflet No. 75. I. To destroy these eehvorms the soil must be thoroughly. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pag
RMMCKC59–. Kk;. 129. -Coiiiotliyriiim Fuckelii on rose stems. forming canker wound dressed with tar. Giissow, who first observed this disease, recommends that the earliest red patches indicating the presence of the fungus on the young wood should be painted with creosoted Stockholm tar. The rose canker, so common on the wood of many kinds of roses, more especially Marechal Neil, and often most abundant near the base of the stem near the junction of stock and scion, is of a physiological nature, and has nothing
![. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. ^m®(^ fijSS'. 6- /^ '^ d^- ^ m^ '^^m^- Fk;. 141.â(/â¢â "-"''â¢fr;7/v/,'« i'v ;v-,.i73.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Massee, George, 1850-1917. New York : Macmillan Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RCD8B4/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-plant-diseases-plants-wounds-and-injuries-plants-protection-of-trees-diseases-and-pests-m-fijss-6-d-m-m-fk-141-quot-quotfr7v-iv-v-i73-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-massee-george-1850-1917-new-york-macmillan-RCD8B4.jpg ". Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. ^m®(^ fijSS'. 6- /^ '^ d^- ^ m^ '^^m^- Fk;. 141.â(/â¢â "-"''â¢fr;7/v/,'« i'v ;v-,.i73.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Massee, George, 1850-1917. New York : Macmillan Stock Photo")
RMRCD8B4–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. ^m®(^ fijSS'. 6- /^ '^ d^- ^ m^ '^^m^- Fk;. 141.â(/â¢â "-"''â¢fr;7/v/,'« i'v ;v-,.i73.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Massee, George, 1850-1917. New York : Macmillan
RMMCKC5K–. Fig. 127.—Phoma sanguinolenta. i, diseased carrot; 2, diseased carrot flowering stem ; 3, portion of a diseased spot showing perithecia with the conidia escaping as a viscid tendril ; 4, section of a perithecium with the conidia oozing out in a tendril. Figs. 1 and 2 reduced; remainder mag. Phoma solanicola (Prill, and Del.) attacks the haulm of the potato, forming large, oblong, whitish or clear yellow spots, which eventually become dotted over with the minute, blackish perithecia of the fungus. When the lateral branches are attacked the leaves soon wither, and when several branches are att
RMRCD9EE–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 1-1<;. ig. — Urop/i/yctis /cproidcs. i, diseased beetroot, ledueod. 2, spore, higlily mag. Horticultual Society ; this is the only s|)ecimen of llic disease I have seen in England, in fact it could not be ascertained with certainty where the particular beetroot in question was grown, and it may possibly have been of foreign origin. The upper portion of the root is the part attacked, large. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page
RMMCMMFD–. 1-1<;. ig. — Urop/i/yctis /cproidcs. i, diseased beetroot, ledueod. 2, spore, higlily mag. Horticultual Society ; this is the only s|)ecimen of llic disease I have seen in England, in fact it could not be ascertained with certainty where the particular beetroot in question was grown, and it may possibly have been of foreign origin. The upper portion of the root is the part attacked, large
RMRCD93C–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. PEZIZA 253 largest of the cup-shaped Pezizae, known by the thick, brittle, watery substance, never hairy nor spiny outside. Ludwig has stated that Peziza vesiculosa (Bull.) sometimes becomes a true parasite ; he found it attacking species of Balsamina, Hyacinthus, Sidakea, etc. Plants supposed to have been killed by the fungus, when placed under a bell-jar were soon covered with the conidial form of the fungus, first described by Brefeld, who produced th
RMMCRDKG–. Fig. 65.—Epichloe typhina. i, fungus or leaf-sheath oiHolcus mollis; 2, fungus on Holciis lanatus ; 3, portion of fungus showing warts on surface, corresponding to mouths of perithecia ; 4, section of perithecium ; 5, ascus with spores escaping ; 6, ascospore ; 7, conidiophores with conidia. Figs, i and 2 reduced ; remainder mag. plant of which was infected. It is often abundant on wild grasses growing on the borders of fields, etc. The only preventive method that can be suggested is that of cutting the grass before the fungus becomes orange in P
RMRCDR31–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 498 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Auricula leaf blotch, caused by Heterosporiu??i auriculi (Mass.), a species remarkable for its very long, slender, often branched sporophores. The spores are not much wider than the sporophores, variable in length, 14-20 X 5-6/x, often one- septate, steel-grey with an olive tinge. Three or four large olive-green patches are present on a leaf, and as a rule all the. Fig. ^o.—IIi-tcrosporium cchinulatum. i, portion of a d
RMMCKCAR–. Fig. 92.—Plu-agmidium stibcorticatum. i, rose branch and leaves with aecidium stage of fungus ; 2, rose leaf with teleutospores ; 3, teleutospores ; 4, uredospores. Figs, i and 2 nat. size, remainder highly mag. been attacked should be drenched with a solution of sulphate of copper during the winter. Raspberry rust {Phragmidium rubi-idaei, Winter) pro- duces its three stages on the raspberry plant. The aecidium condition appears first on the upper surface of the leaves in the month of June, under the form of greenish-yellow pustules, usually arranged in broken circles. The uredo stage appear
RMRCD8PD–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 374 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS fungi attacking conifers ; it occurs on Finns, Abies, Picea, /u/iiperus, and Larix. In this country the larcli undoubtedly suffers most. This fungus differs from the majority of the polypores in not being a wound-parasite, but a true parasite, the germinating spores entering into the living tissues of the root, where a delicate white sheet of mycelium is formed. ^'ir V Fig. 115.—Fames antiosiis. 1. portion of fungus; 2,
RMMCKC49–. Fig. 138.—Rntomosporiiim maculatum. i, quince leaf diseased ; 2, spores of fungus, highly mag. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture checks the spread of the disease. The dead, diseased leaves should be burned or buried, the diseased shoots should also be cut off. Duggar has the following remarks on this fungus. In the nursery the principal damage is done to seedling pears, and further injury is usually to be attributed to the leaf-spot, Septoria piricola. As previously mentioned, the budded stock is much less frequently affected by the leaf blight, Entomosporium juaculatum. Seedling pears througho
RMRCDR3M–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. CERCOSPORA 485 saturated with moisture, and a temperature ranging between 75 and 90 degrees F. The disease first appeared in a corner of a house, and within four days every plant in the house, which was 100 ft. long, was killed. At this time I visited the house, obtained material, and suggested preventive methods. Within three months of this occurrence, the disease was reported from various other localities, and the season follow- ing it was generally di
RMMCKC9M–. Fig. 97. — Peridcrmiuin Ha?-ki!essi. i, young stem of Pin us ponderosus, three years old, showing the Peridermium, two- thirds nat. size ; 2, appearance of a stem, eight years old, attaclced by the fungus, the swollen portion being studded with aecidia, two-thirds nat. size ; 3, section through Fig. 2, showing the thickening of the annual rings of wood caused by the presence of the fungus. closed and triquetrous, at length opening at the apex, orange- rosy ; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, orange, verruculose, 15-18 X 10-12 /x. Peridermium conorum, Thiim. { — Aecidium conorum-piceae
RMRCD98D–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. ^ ^ Vfc ^ i .^. m. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Massee, George, 1850-1917. New York : Macmillan
RMMCNB7R–. Kir,. 5.—Inliimescences, or sa|)-ait.s oti stem of nn .Irai/'! ijiown in a hol-honse. Nat. size. species of Solaiium and allied jjlants. It is, howevLr, also met with on other plants, as species of Mimosa, Acacia, Camellia, etc. It is occasionally observed on plants growing outside,
RMRCD93W–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 244 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Pleospora gummipara, Oud. i^—Coryneum guminipariuin, Oud.), is considered by Oudemans to cause the production of Arabian and Senegal gum, on species of Acacia. The cause of gumming on some species of Acacia has, however, been proved to be due to a bacterium, and is described on another page. Oudemans, Hedzvigia, 1883, pp. 131 and 161. CUCURBITARIA (Gray) Perithecia clustered on a stroma, globose, black; asci. Fig. 70.—Cu
RMMCKCE6–. Fig. 70.—Cuciirbilariii lahiiini. i, branches showing the fungus ; 2, stroma in section, with perithecia; 3, ascus containing spores; 4, free spores. Fig. i nat. size ; remainder highly mag. cylindrical, 8-sporcd, spores elongated, muriform, coloured ; paraphyses numerous. Silver fir canker.Dr. Cavara has described in detail ;i disease of Ahies pcctinata caused by Cucurhitaria pithyophila (De Not., var. ceml>rae, Rehm.). Trees are attacked up to the age of sixty years, but younger trees are most susceptible.
RMRCD924–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. DASYSCYPHA 281 willkofnmii {ldixig), is present in greater or less abundance, depending on local conditions, elevation, etc., wherever the larch {Larix europaea, D. C.) grows. It also attacks the Scots pine {Finns silvestris, L,), the silver fir {Abies pectinata, D. C), Finns laricio (Poir.), and the Japanese larch {Larix lepto- lepis, Endl). Until recently it was considered that the Japanese larch grown in this country was immune to this disease; this
RMMCTY98–. Fig. 42.—Meliola Penzigii. Sooty mould of orange and citron, on orange leaves. Nat. size. 2-8-spored ; spores 2-5-septate, sometimes muriform, hyaline or coloured. Sooty mould of orange.—This disease is more or less prevalent wherever the orange is cultivated. In Europe and the United States the injury is usually attributed to Meliola
RMRCD91M–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. UREDINACEAE 289 head white, then greenish brown. Asci cyh'ndrical, soon deliquescing, 8-spored. Spores globose, tinged brown, 4-5 /a diam. The fungus is most abundant in a very moist soil, especially the subsoil, and drainage is an important factor in checking. Fig. 84.âRocsleria hypogea. i, fungus on root of vine ; 2, ascus with spores. Highly mag. the pest. Diseased vines should be removed, and the soil treated with lime to check the spread of the fung
RMMCTXKM–. Fig. 43.—Eutypellii prunastri. i, portion of stem of young plum-tree show- ing conidial stage of fungus ; 2, portion showing a.scigcrous stage on the dead bark. especially when the soil is inclined to be stiff. Under such circumstances numerous large lenticels are formed on the stem, and I have found by experiment that if spores of the conidial condition of the fungus are applied to such lenticels during damp weather infection follows. To guard against infection from air-borne spores, cover the trunk and branches with a mixture of lime and soft-soap. Diseased trees should be removed and burn
RMRCD907–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. Fig. 89—Pucchiiagraminis. i, wheat leaves with uredo pustules ; 2, a uredo sorus ; 3, uredospores in different stages of development; 4, uredospore germinating ; 5, culm of wheat with teleutospore sori; 6, teleutospores in different stages of development ; 7, teleuto- spore that has germinated and produced a germ-tube bearing three sporidiola or secondary spores ; 8, barberry leaf with clusters of aecidia ; 9, section of an aecidium with chains of aecidi
RMMCMW1B–. %: Fig. 7. — Usnea harbata and Namalina fraxinea ,cens growing on branch of apple-tree. Reduced. their artistic appearance, are in other respects injurious, for although not true parasites, their presence prevents the bark, more especially of the younger branches, from performing its functions, and in addition forms a shelter for many kinds of
![. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 532 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS cultivated plant than potatoes, alternation of crops is suggested. Berkeley, M. ].,/ourn. Hart. Soc, i, p. 9, pi. 4 (1846). Berkeley, ISL J., Ann. Mag. Hist., June, 1850, p. 26. Brunchorst, A., Bergens Museums Aarsberetn, 1886, p. 219. Fischer de Waldheim, A., Aperai systematiqtie des Ustila- ginees (1887). John son, T., Economic Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, i, p. 45 3 (1908). Massee, Geo,/ourn. Bd. Agric, p. 592, i pi. (1908) Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RCE2G6/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-plant-diseases-plants-wounds-and-injuries-plants-protection-of-trees-diseases-and-pests-532-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-cultivated-plant-than-potatoes-alternation-of-crops-is-suggested-berkeley-m-ourn-hart-soc-i-p-9-pi-4-1846-berkeley-isl-j-ann-mag-hist-june-1850-p-26-brunchorst-a-bergens-museums-aarsberetn-1886-p-219-fischer-de-waldheim-a-aperai-systematiqtie-des-ustila-ginees-1887-john-son-t-economic-proc-roy-dublin-soc-i-p-45-3-1908-massee-geoourn-bd-agric-p-592-i-pi-1908-RCE2G6.jpg ". Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 532 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS cultivated plant than potatoes, alternation of crops is suggested. Berkeley, M. ].,/ourn. Hart. Soc, i, p. 9, pi. 4 (1846). Berkeley, ISL J., Ann. Mag. Hist., June, 1850, p. 26. Brunchorst, A., Bergens Museums Aarsberetn, 1886, p. 219. Fischer de Waldheim, A., Aperai systematiqtie des Ustila- ginees (1887). John son, T., Economic Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, i, p. 45 3 (1908). Massee, Geo,/ourn. Bd. Agric, p. 592, i pi. (1908) Stock Photo")
RMRCE2G6–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 532 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS cultivated plant than potatoes, alternation of crops is suggested. Berkeley, M. ].,/ourn. Hart. Soc, i, p. 9, pi. 4 (1846). Berkeley, ISL J., Ann. Mag. Hist., June, 1850, p. 26. Brunchorst, A., Bergens Museums Aarsberetn, 1886, p. 219. Fischer de Waldheim, A., Aperai systematiqtie des Ustila- ginees (1887). John son, T., Economic Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, i, p. 45 3 (1908). Massee, Geo,/ourn. Bd. Agric, p. 592, i pi. (1908)
RMMCKC67–. Fig. 125.—Exobasidium rhododendri, on leaves of rhododendron, slightly reduced ; 2. basidia and spores of same, highly mag ; 3, Hypochnus solani on lower part of a potato haulm, slightly reduced ; 4. mycelium and basidia of Hypochnus, highly mag. a pea to that of a cherry. These are at first pale green, at length often becoming red or brownish. When full grown the surface is covered with a delicate whitish bloom, due to the presence of innumerable minute conidia, produced by budding in a yeast-like fashion from the basidiosi)ores. The mycelium is very al)undant between the cells at the j^eri
RMRCD9F9–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. FUNGI 85 destructive parasites. Finally, there is the provisional group called Deuteromycetes or ' Fungi imperfecti,' an enormous assemblage of forms that are considered as representing. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Massee, George, 1850-1917. New York : Macmillan
RMMCKXMN–. 1- iij. j4. Witches' brooms of birch, produced by Exoascus turgidus. Reduced. birch-tree in Kew Gardens. One of the brooms measured two yards in diameter, and when removed was found to con- tain seven nests, belonging respectively to blackbirds and thrushes. On this broom some of the more elongated branches bore clusters of buds forming miniature brooms, caused by the mite Eriophyes rudis. Unless considered ornamental, the brooms should be
RMRCD8K8–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 436 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS spots are more or less circular, and surrounded by a well- developed, blackish border, hence the American name of bird's-eye rot. When the fungus produces fruit on the diseased spots they are greyish in colour, due to the masses of conidia present. There are generally several diseased. 5L> KiG. 135. —r;A'(('j/();7//w ampi-h>plui i^iii)i. i, appearance of disease on stem, leaves, and tendrils of vine ; 2, diseased g
RMMCPECJ–. Fig. 56.- â Gnomonia veneta. 1, a diseased plane leaf, soniowliat reduced ; 2, conidia, highly mag. along the course of the veins on the under surface of the leaf. This disease was considered to be due entirely to Gloeo- sporium tiervisequum (Sacc). Klebahn, however, has recently worked out the life-history of the fungus, and shows that the Gloeosporiian is but a conidial form oi an ascigerous fungus
RMRCDR3T–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 484 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Begin spraying when the leaves are expanding, and repeat at intervals, using self-boiled lime and sulphur compound. Bordeaux mixture cannot be used, as it scorches peach leaves even when much diluted. Pierce and Galloway, Journ. Mycol.. Yr,. 145.—Ccrcospora chrumicissa. i, diseased pcacli leaf; 2, tuft iif conidia, highly niaj:;. Cucumber and melon leaf blotch.— This destructive pest was first observed in 1.S06, and for
RMMCKC6J–. Fig. 122. —Corliciiini scutcllorc. Fungus on wood, nat. size. ^stem. The fungus is at first usually superficial on the bark and can be scraped off without injury. The pink patch gradually extends, and may eventually cover the entire circumference of the tree and the bases of adjacent branches. In the case of young trees growing in wet districts the fungus appears to grow continuously, and kills off the bark uniformly. The side branches are ringed and killed, and the
![. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 346 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Spores globose, brown, 17-22 /*, border 1-1-5 /^) ^'^^ paler, epispore with raised ridges anastomosing to form an irregular network. The formalin method, recommended for loose smut of oats, is effective in destroying spores adhering to the seed.. Fig. 103.â Tilletia tritici. I, ear of wheat diseased ; 2, spore ; 3 and 4, spores germinating and producing a gcrm-"tul)e, bearing a cluster of secondary spores at its ape Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RCD8W4/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-plant-diseases-plants-wounds-and-injuries-plants-protection-of-trees-diseases-and-pests-346-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-spores-globose-brown-17-22-border-1-1-5-paler-epispore-with-raised-ridges-anastomosing-to-form-an-irregular-network-the-formalin-method-recommended-for-loose-smut-of-oats-is-effective-in-destroying-spores-adhering-to-the-seed-fig-103-tilletia-tritici-i-ear-of-wheat-diseased-2-spore-3-and-4-spores-germinating-and-producing-a-gcrm-quottule-bearing-a-cluster-of-secondary-spores-at-its-ape-RCD8W4.jpg ". Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 346 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Spores globose, brown, 17-22 /*, border 1-1-5 /^) ^'^^ paler, epispore with raised ridges anastomosing to form an irregular network. The formalin method, recommended for loose smut of oats, is effective in destroying spores adhering to the seed.. Fig. 103.â Tilletia tritici. I, ear of wheat diseased ; 2, spore ; 3 and 4, spores germinating and producing a gcrm-"tul)e, bearing a cluster of secondary spores at its ape Stock Photo")
RMRCD8W4–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 346 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Spores globose, brown, 17-22 /*, border 1-1-5 /^) ^'^^ paler, epispore with raised ridges anastomosing to form an irregular network. The formalin method, recommended for loose smut of oats, is effective in destroying spores adhering to the seed.. Fig. 103.â Tilletia tritici. I, ear of wheat diseased ; 2, spore ; 3 and 4, spores germinating and producing a gcrm-"tul)e, bearing a cluster of secondary spores at its ape
RMMCKC23–. Fig. 151.—Afdirusporiinn solani. i, tomato diseased ; 2, conidia in various stages of development, highly mag. months old to germinate, other observers have been more successful, and it is quite probable that old diseased stems or fruit lying about would continue to produce conidia the following season. At all events, chlamydospores are present in decaying parts, more especially in tomato fruit, consequently the most important point is to collect and destroy all diseased plants and fruit. Tomatoes should not follow a diseased crop of potatoes, or the reverse. If the disease appears, Bordeaux
RMRCD9B7–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 140 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS between the cells of the leaf, and in the bark, medullary rays, and pith of the shoots. The brooms should be removed both from cultivated and wild trees. Witches' brooms of birch, produced by Exoascus turgidus (Sadeb.), are very abundant in this country on Betula verrucosa. y^!. Fig. 33.—Exoascuspruni. i, portion of a branch bearing diseased plums ; 2. a diseased i^luin cut in two. Reduced. and closely resemble crows' ne
RMMCKC3Y–. 5L> KiG. 135. —r;A'(('j/();7//w ampi-h>plui i^iii)i. i, appearance of disease on stem, leaves, and tendrils of vine ; 2, diseased grapes ; 3, section of jjustule of fungus on young grape; 4, conidia. Kigs. I and 2 natural size ; remainder mag. spots scattered over the fruit. When one grape in a bunch is infected, the disease spreads rapidly until every grape is attacked, the spores being washed by rain from one fruit to another. Diseased fruit often becomes contorted and much cracked, exposing the pips, and finally shrinks and becomes mummified, sliil remaining hanging on the vine.
RMRCD97Y–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. â im.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Massee, George, 1850-1917. New York : Macmillan
RMMCTXDT–. Fig. 47. —AW/riit so/ani. The Moiunporium and /'usdriiiin stage; the most frc()ucnlly observed condition of 'winlcr-rot' in potatoes. quickly enter and assist in reducing the tuber to a semi- liquid, rotten, strong-smelling mass. The disease has usually been attributed to Fusarium solani (Pers.), but in reality the proper name of the fungus '?, Neclria solani (Keinke and Berthold), of which the 1-usariutn is a conidial form. The reason why the Fusayiiim has been con- sidered as the primary and only cause of the disease is because it is the most conspicuous feature present during the state o
RMRCD8M7–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 4i6 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Sorauer, on the other hand, considers the disease under consideration to be primarily due to frost. Small radial cracks first appear in the bark, which gradually extend, and if the callus that is formed is afterwards injured by frost, a canker eventually results. I have at times met with such cankered spots, on which no fungus could be found. Stems that are badly cankered should be removed and burned. Small diseased patc
RMMCMP5P–. Fir, parasitic on caterpillars which they have killed. Reduced. spores from whicli in turn infect other caterpillars. Certain kinds of fungi confine their attentions to particular kinds of insects, and of late years considerable progress has been
RMRCDR2T–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. MACROSPORIUM 503 or with the apex somewhat narrowed, variously muriformly septate, 80-120 X 15-22 /x. Chlamydospores formed in the decaying substance of diseased portions of the host, very irregular in form and size, dark brown, either interstitial or terminal, sometimes in chains. Pycnidia often crowded, appearing along with or after the conidia; globose, black, with a small mouth, containing numerous minute, hyaline, elliptical conidia, about 3 x 2 /x.
RMMCKCEB–. Fig. 69. —I, Gibellina cenalis on wheat plant, nat. size; 2, ascuh with spores of same, highly mag ; 3, Ophiobolus graminis, on wheat plant, nat. size ; 4, perithecium of same, mag ; 5, spores of same, highly mag. dying, so that the car does not escape from the sheath, or at best is but imperfectly developed. At this stage numerous perithecia are developed on the leaves, leaf-sheaths, and internodes of the stem on those portions previously occupied by the greyish mycelium, but are usually most abundant, and often confined to the inner surface of the leaf-slieaths. Perithecia globose, sunk in
RMRCD9FF–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 84 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS As a rule a basidium bears four spores at its apex. There are two important groups, Agaricaceae and Gasteromycetaceae. In the former, represented by mushrooms and toadstools, the basidia are borne on the gills, whereas in the Gastero- mycetaceae, including puffballs, stinkhorn, etc., the spore- bearing portion is at first concealed in a membrane or volva. 1 ^. Tig. 15.—Typical forms of basidia, with spores in ilie Hasidio
RMMCMFWH–. Fig. 25.—Basidiospora entospora. 2, 3, Sclerospora graminis, conidial stage and oospore ; 4, Bremia lactucae, portion of conidial stage. All highly mag. yellowish-green patches on the upper surface of the leaf. Corresponding areas on the under surface soon become covered with a delicate greyish mildew; these patches continue to increase in size, and run into each other, until finally the entire under surface is covered with mildew. Soon after this stage has been reached the leaf turns yellow, then brown, dries up and falls, but not before myriads of spores have been
![. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. I90 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS the form of miniature pins with pale yellowish heads, and 1-2 mm. high. During January 190S a large consignment of diseased berries was received at Kew from Costa Rica. The berries. ^'^'^ fl,. fJ â Jf f^T .7'" VG.z,o.âSpliacros(ilbeflavid<i. i, leaf showing disease ; 2, section showing conidia form ; 3, surface view of white spot bear- ing conidial stage of fungus; 4, section showing perithecia ; 5, two perithec Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RCD975/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-plant-diseases-plants-wounds-and-injuries-plants-protection-of-trees-diseases-and-pests-i90-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-the-form-of-miniature-pins-with-pale-yellowish-heads-and-1-2-mm-high-during-january-190s-a-large-consignment-of-diseased-berries-was-received-at-kew-from-costa-rica-the-berries-fl-fj-jf-ft-7quot-vgzospliacrosilbeflavidlti-i-leaf-showing-disease-2-section-showing-conidia-form-3-surface-view-of-white-spot-bear-ing-conidial-stage-of-fungus-4-section-showing-perithecia-5-two-perithec-RCD975.jpg ". Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. I90 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS the form of miniature pins with pale yellowish heads, and 1-2 mm. high. During January 190S a large consignment of diseased berries was received at Kew from Costa Rica. The berries. ^'^'^ fl,. fJ â Jf f^T .7'" VG.z,o.âSpliacros(ilbeflavid<i. i, leaf showing disease ; 2, section showing conidia form ; 3, surface view of white spot bear- ing conidial stage of fungus; 4, section showing perithecia ; 5, two perithec Stock Photo")
RMRCD975–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. I90 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS the form of miniature pins with pale yellowish heads, and 1-2 mm. high. During January 190S a large consignment of diseased berries was received at Kew from Costa Rica. The berries. ^'^'^ fl,. fJ â Jf f^T .7'" VG.z,o.âSpliacros(ilbeflavid<i. i, leaf showing disease ; 2, section showing conidia form ; 3, surface view of white spot bear- ing conidial stage of fungus; 4, section showing perithecia ; 5, two perithec
RMMCKCCG–. Fig. %z.—Dasyscypha calycina. i, larch branch diseased ; 2, fungus causing disease ; 3, ascus with spores and paraphyses. Figs. 2 and 3 mag. branches of the mountain pine {Finns pumilio, Haenke), and the balsam fir {Abies ba/samea, Miller) suffers from this disease in the United States. The fungus is a wound parasite, as first indicated by Hartig ; this statement I have corroborated by over a hundred experiments on trees of various ages, and situated in different parts of the country. Fresh ascospores, that germinated readily in water, were placed on the bark of young branches, also in crevi
RMRCD9CF–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. I20 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS liberated and dispersed throughout the house. Tendrils and parts of the flower behave in a similar manner when attacked. A^ffiiwJl?^ ---^T-^. Fig. 26.—Plasmopara viticola. i, under surface of a vine leaf showing white patches of mildew ; 2, group of conidiospores bearing numerous conidia ; 3, three conidia more highly mag.; 4, conidia containing zoospores, in b, two zoospores have escaped from the conidium ; 5, mature oo
![. Fig. 159.—Spongospora scabies. 1, tuber showing wuunds made during early development of the parasite; 2, section of same potato; 3, miture spore- balls of Spongospora ; 4, amoeboid bodies of Spo>igospora in a potato cell, the starch has already disappeared; 5, showing the amoeboid bodies fused to form a Plasmodium in a ]>otato cell; 6, a more advanced stage of the Plasmodium ; 7, the ()lasmodium in a still more advanced staj;e, showing its substance broken up into a layer of spores forming a 'spore-ball'; 8 and 9, free spore-balls that have escaped from the cells of the potato; 10, cel Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCKC0M/fig-159spongospora-scabies-1-tuber-showing-wuunds-made-during-early-development-of-the-parasite-2-section-of-same-potato-3-miture-spore-balls-of-spongospora-4-amoeboid-bodies-of-spogtigospora-in-a-potato-cell-the-starch-has-already-disappeared-5-showing-the-amoeboid-bodies-fused-to-form-a-plasmodium-in-a-gtotato-cell-6-a-more-advanced-stage-of-the-plasmodium-7-the-lasmodium-in-a-still-more-advanced-staje-showing-its-substance-broken-up-into-a-layer-of-spores-forming-a-spore-ball-8-and-9-free-spore-balls-that-have-escaped-from-the-cells-of-the-potato-10-cel-MCKC0M.jpg ". Fig. 159.—Spongospora scabies. 1, tuber showing wuunds made during early development of the parasite; 2, section of same potato; 3, miture spore- balls of Spongospora ; 4, amoeboid bodies of Spo>igospora in a potato cell, the starch has already disappeared; 5, showing the amoeboid bodies fused to form a Plasmodium in a ]>otato cell; 6, a more advanced stage of the Plasmodium ; 7, the ()lasmodium in a still more advanced staj;e, showing its substance broken up into a layer of spores forming a 'spore-ball'; 8 and 9, free spore-balls that have escaped from the cells of the potato; 10, cel Stock Photo")
RMMCKC0M–. Fig. 159.—Spongospora scabies. 1, tuber showing wuunds made during early development of the parasite; 2, section of same potato; 3, miture spore- balls of Spongospora ; 4, amoeboid bodies of Spo>igospora in a potato cell, the starch has already disappeared; 5, showing the amoeboid bodies fused to form a Plasmodium in a ]>otato cell; 6, a more advanced stage of the Plasmodium ; 7, the ()lasmodium in a still more advanced staj;e, showing its substance broken up into a layer of spores forming a 'spore-ball'; 8 and 9, free spore-balls that have escaped from the cells of the potato; 10, cel
RMRCD8TC–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. Fig. 106—It/iyphallas cani litis. Fungus about half nat. size.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Massee, George, 1850-1917. New York : Macmillan
RMMCMEGG–. Fig. 27.—Phytophthora iii/estans. i, a cluster of conidiophores with conidia, emerging through a stoma of the leaf of a potato plant; 2. a free conidium, the contents of which are breaking up into zoospores ; 3. a conidium liberating zoospores ; 4. a zoospore that has come to rest and is germinating ; 5. a conidium germinat- ing by the protrusion of a germ tube. All highly mag. steam, became general, the hibernating mycelium present in the tuber survived the voyage. The first indication of the disease is the appearance of small brownish blotches on the leaves; these quickly increase in size,
RMRCE2GF–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 526 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS only be infected during the seedling, or quite early period of growth, hence, if seed-beds for the various kinds of cabbage are properly limed, the plants will grow up free from disease.. Fig lyj.—Plasmodiophora brassicae. i, young turnip showing early stage of disease ; 2, cabbage showing clubbed root; 3, two infected cells from root of cabbage, one con- taining plasniodium, tlie other crowded with minute spores of the
![. Fin. 44.—Botryosphaeria diplodia. I, fungus on portion of stem of a wild rose, roduccci ; 2, ascus containing 8 s]X)res, highly mag. appears to exercise much discrimination in the choice of a host. In one garden a bed of ' Soleil D'Or,' and another bed of 'Caroline Testout,'about thirty yards apart, had every plant in each bed badly infected, whereas intervening beds of roses showed no sign of disease. Wild roses throughout the country are frequently met with in a diseased condition. The fungus forms large, slightly raised, black scabs, cracked more or less concentrically, on the bark. Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCTYFA/fin-44botryosphaeria-diplodia-i-fungus-on-portion-of-stem-of-a-wild-rose-roduccci-2-ascus-containing-8-s-xres-highly-mag-appears-to-exercise-much-discrimination-in-the-choice-of-a-host-in-one-garden-a-bed-of-soleil-dor-and-another-bed-of-caroline-testoutabout-thirty-yards-apart-had-every-plant-in-each-bed-badly-infected-whereas-intervening-beds-of-roses-showed-no-sign-of-disease-wild-roses-throughout-the-country-are-frequently-met-with-in-a-diseased-condition-the-fungus-forms-large-slightly-raised-black-scabs-cracked-more-or-less-concentrically-on-the-bark-MCTYFA.jpg ". Fin. 44.—Botryosphaeria diplodia. I, fungus on portion of stem of a wild rose, roduccci ; 2, ascus containing 8 s]X)res, highly mag. appears to exercise much discrimination in the choice of a host. In one garden a bed of ' Soleil D'Or,' and another bed of 'Caroline Testout,'about thirty yards apart, had every plant in each bed badly infected, whereas intervening beds of roses showed no sign of disease. Wild roses throughout the country are frequently met with in a diseased condition. The fungus forms large, slightly raised, black scabs, cracked more or less concentrically, on the bark. Stock Photo")
RMMCTYFA–. Fin. 44.—Botryosphaeria diplodia. I, fungus on portion of stem of a wild rose, roduccci ; 2, ascus containing 8 s]X)res, highly mag. appears to exercise much discrimination in the choice of a host. In one garden a bed of ' Soleil D'Or,' and another bed of 'Caroline Testout,'about thirty yards apart, had every plant in each bed badly infected, whereas intervening beds of roses showed no sign of disease. Wild roses throughout the country are frequently met with in a diseased condition. The fungus forms large, slightly raised, black scabs, cracked more or less concentrically, on the bark.
RMRCE2GM–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. MYXOGASTRES 525 alkali is decidedly detrimental to its development, and as the use of acid manures is very general at the present day, it will be seen that much more land is rendered favourable for the development of Plasmodiophora than in bygone times. Lime is the best and most practical preventive of finger-. *«& Fig. 156.—Plasmodiophora brassicae, causing finger-and-toe of root of Brussels-sprout. and-toe known; from five to seven tons per acre, t
RMMCKC1A–. *«& Fig. 156.—Plasmodiophora brassicae, causing finger-and-toe of root of Brussels-sprout. and-toe known; from five to seven tons per acre, to be applied in the autumn, either six months or eighteen months before the turnips are sown. A second method, also recom- mended, is to apply the lime immediately after a diseased crop of turnips is removed; about two tons will suffice if it is spread evenly over the land. Such a dressing will produce no visible efiTect on finger-and-toe until the next crop of turnips is grown, but it may prove to be of value to interven- ing crops. It is important
RMRCD8R7–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 360 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS The white wood of the fir becomes yellow or honey coloured, with scattered patches of light brown, and finally breaks up into irregular pieces under the influence of the mycelium. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, yellow, with darker scales,. FiA7 arc sometimes met with growing from wounds on living trees: P. aurivella (Balsch), P. S(juarrosa (Mull.), and P. destruens (Brond.).. Please note that these images are extracted f
RMMCTX0D–. Fig. 46.âPolystigma rubrum. i, diseased plum leaves; 2, section through stroma showing perithecia ; 3, asci containing spores ; 4, spermatia produced in spermogonia. Fig. i reduced ; remainder highly mag. sunk in the tissue; asci clavate; 8-spored; spores elliptical, obtuse, straight, subhyaline, 10x6//. Conidial form { = Libertella rubra, Bonor.). Spermatia filiform, slightly thickened at one end, curved, 30 x. long. Prillieux, Alalad. des Plantes Agric, 2, p. 91 (1897). B. Spores hyaline, i-septaie { = 2-celled). NECTRIA (Fries.) Perithecia distinct, clustered, or scattered, sometimes pro
RMRCD9BM–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 134. Fit., jo. K.'..,j/us !.c..:/is. I. scLlion of a dibcisuil lily bulb, tin (lark ponion of the base of the bulb is thi- part attacked by the fundus 2, fruitiiig condition of llic fungus growing on the root of a bulb 3, cluster of sporangia of the fungus ; 4, cluster of sporangia mori highly mag. ; 5, optical view of a sporangium ; a, columella, the portion b, l>ctween the columella and outer wall is filled with spores ; 6, spores, some of which are
RMMCKCB6–. Fig. 89—Pucchiiagraminis. i, wheat leaves with uredo pustules ; 2, a uredo sorus ; 3, uredospores in different stages of development; 4, uredospore germinating ; 5, culm of wheat with teleutospore sori; 6, teleutospores in different stages of development ; 7, teleuto- spore that has germinated and produced a germ-tube bearing three sporidiola or secondary spores ; 8, barberry leaf with clusters of aecidia ; 9, section of an aecidium with chains of aecidiospores ; 10, two aecidia ; 11, spermatia from a spermogonium. Figs, i, 2, and 8 reduced, remainder variously mag.
RMRCD92H–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. j66 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS their brown colour are apt to be overlooked, even when abundant. Ascophore 1-3 cm. across, stem 2-7 cm. long; spores Sin anascus, elliptical, 15-18x6-7 /x. Collecting the ascophores tends to check the disease. Sclerotimn disease {Sclerotinia sckrotiorum, Massee) is probably parasitic on a greater number of different kinds of plants than any other fungus, members of all the families of cultivated plants being attacked. Wh
RMMCKC4T–. FiG. 133.—Ascochytaaspidistrac. i, on portion of a leaf of.ispuiis/ra liirida ; 2, perithecia of the fungus bursting through the e|3iderniis of the leaf, mag; 3, section of a peritheciuni, mag ; 4, spores, higlily mag. ing minute cavities with a raised border. The conidia are very numerous, hyaline, elliptic-oblong, i-septate, smooth, 18-24x5-7 /x. Diseased portions should be removed and burned. ASCOCHYTA (Lir..) Perithecia minute, generally immersed in the substance of bleached spots on leaves or twigs, with a terminal pore; i-septate, hyaline.
RMRCD9F5–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. Fig. 16.—Lentiniis cyathus, an agaric springing from a sclerotium ; the latter shown in section. One-sixth nat. size. conidial phases of the groups previously enumerated. Large numbers of these are amongst the most destructive of parasites. Although spores, in the wider sense of the term, are the most general forms of reproduction, conidia or summer-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc
RMMCKC6F–. Fig. 120.—Folyporus squamosiis. Parasitic on trunk of sycamore, much reduced. Red spruce disease {Polyportis Schweinitzii, Fr.) is a rare fungus in England, specimens of P. hispidus (Fr.) having an indication of a more or less central stem being usually mis- taken for it. In the United States, however, according to Schrenk, it is one of the most destructive species o{Folyporus, and is very common throughout the northern forests on the spruce and fir. 'Ihe red spruce, Ficea rul>ens (Sarg.), is said to be attacked in a wholesale manner. The fungus attacks both old and young trees, entering
RMRCD8WY–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 338 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS forming fantastic curves. Aecidia fleshy, crowded, pale flesh- colour, spores angularly globose, orange-red. USTILAGINACEAE All the members of the present group are obligate parasites. In many instances the spores are produced in the ovary, often on the leaves, sometimes in the anthers. The spore pustules form sooty, black powdery masses when mature, and are. Fig. ioo.—Gcrniin.iiing spores of species of Ustilaginaceae. I
RMMCKCD9–. Fig. 73.—Peziza vesiculosa. Group of fungi, nat. size. mutual pressure, externally brownish and coarsely granular, disc pale brown, 3-7 cm. across ; asci long, cylindrical; spores elliptical, hyaline, smooth, 2 1-24 X 11-12 /x. The conidial form belongs to the form-genus Cephalo- sporium, pure white, sterile hyphae creeping,giving off numerous short lateral branches of about equal length, each tipped by a swollen head covered with elliptical, hyaline, continuous spores, 8-10x3-4 i- Common on rich soil, manure heaps, rotten leaves, etc. Brefeld, 0., Unters. Gessainmt. MykoL, 9 Heft, p. 333,
RMRCD90N–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. PUCCINIA 301 The uredo and puccinia forms grow on the leaves of sedges {Carex acuta). Judging from the occurrence of the cluster- cup form on the gooseberry in gardens remote from the habitats of sedges it seems probable that this phase of the fungus can reproduce itself without the intervention of the other stages considered as forming part of its life-cycle. Aecidiospores globose, epispore hyaline, scarcely wrinkled, contents orange, 10-20 jx diam. Tel
RMMCKCED–. Fig 66—Koselhiiia iiciatnx. i, poiiion of root of apple-tree with whue fleecy mycelium, 2, biown hyphae with swelHngs; 3, loot with sderotia beating conidial fruit; 4, single cluster of conidiophoies; 5, branch of last beating conidia; 6, stylospores produced in pycnidia (after Viala) ; 7, perithecium surrounded by conidiophores (after Viala) ; 8, ascospores; 9, a sycamore infected witli thi^ fungus, the portion above ground enveloped in white my- celium, the portion below ground with numerous sclerotia, c (after Hartig). Figs, i and 9 reduced ; the remainder variously mag.
![. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 450 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS ** Spores i-fnany-sepfate PESTALOZZIA (De Not.) Pustules minute, erumpent; conidia oblong, 2-many-septate, central cells coloured, end ones hyaline, apical cell bearing T-many hair-like appendages.. A "i^ KiG. 137.—Fcslalozzia ^^uepiiii. i, blotches caused by the fungus on a tea leaf; 2, conidia oi" fungus, highly mag. Grey blight of tea plant {Pestalozzia guepitii, Desm.) is said by Sir George Watt to be one o Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RCD8JT/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-plant-diseases-plants-wounds-and-injuries-plants-protection-of-trees-diseases-and-pests-450-diseases-of-cultivated-plants-spores-i-fnany-sepfate-pestalozzia-de-not-pustules-minute-erumpent-conidia-oblong-2-many-septate-central-cells-coloured-end-ones-hyaline-apical-cell-bearing-t-many-hair-like-appendages-a-quoti-kig-137fcslalozzia-uepiiii-i-blotches-caused-by-the-fungus-on-a-tea-leaf-2-conidia-oiquot-fungus-highly-mag-grey-blight-of-tea-plant-pestalozzia-guepitii-desm-is-said-by-sir-george-watt-to-be-one-o-RCD8JT.jpg ". Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 450 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS ** Spores i-fnany-sepfate PESTALOZZIA (De Not.) Pustules minute, erumpent; conidia oblong, 2-many-septate, central cells coloured, end ones hyaline, apical cell bearing T-many hair-like appendages.. A "i^ KiG. 137.—Fcslalozzia ^^uepiiii. i, blotches caused by the fungus on a tea leaf; 2, conidia oi" fungus, highly mag. Grey blight of tea plant {Pestalozzia guepitii, Desm.) is said by Sir George Watt to be one o Stock Photo")
RMRCD8JT–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 450 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS ** Spores i-fnany-sepfate PESTALOZZIA (De Not.) Pustules minute, erumpent; conidia oblong, 2-many-septate, central cells coloured, end ones hyaline, apical cell bearing T-many hair-like appendages.. A "i^ KiG. 137.—Fcslalozzia ^^uepiiii. i, blotches caused by the fungus on a tea leaf; 2, conidia oi" fungus, highly mag. Grey blight of tea plant {Pestalozzia guepitii, Desm.) is said by Sir George Watt to be one o
RMMCMPA0–. FiG. 14,—Typical forms of asci. i, ascus of Peziza cerea, containing eight spores, also two paraphyses ; 2, ascus of SphaerosomaLeveillei; 3, Gcog/ossniii. Feckianiini, the long needle-shaped spores are in a bundle, paraphyses curved at the tip ; 4, Kyparoblus sexdccemsporjis, sixteen spores in an ascus ; 5, Tuber excavatuni, ascus with one large spore ; 6, Zignoella corticola. All figs, highly mag. cium, is elongated or star-shaped, and instead of a minute mouth or pore, splits along its whole length to admit of the escape of the pores. In the Basidiomycetes the pores are not produced in as
![. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. PJ' >-'"i;.;i. Fig. 49.—AV(//-;,; dl/is^inia. i, ;i hiMnch recently attacked, showing concentric cracking of the bark ; 2, an old wound showing a rugged callus round the wound ; 3, section through a stroma showing perithecia, a. on its surface ; 4, a peritheciuni; 5, section of same; 6, conidia; 7, a conidium germinating; 8, ascus containing spores, and accompanied by paraphyses. Figs, i and 2 reduced ; remainder highly mag. more prevalent, and p Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RCD979/diseases-of-cultivated-plants-and-trees-plant-diseases-plants-wounds-and-injuries-plants-protection-of-trees-diseases-and-pests-pj-gt-quotii-fig-49av-dlisinia-i-i-himnch-recently-attacked-showing-concentric-cracking-of-the-bark-2-an-old-wound-showing-a-rugged-callus-round-the-wound-3-section-through-a-stroma-showing-perithecia-a-on-its-surface-4-a-peritheciuni-5-section-of-same-6-conidia-7-a-conidium-germinating-8-ascus-containing-spores-and-accompanied-by-paraphyses-figs-i-and-2-reduced-remainder-highly-mag-more-prevalent-and-p-RCD979.jpg ". Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. PJ' >-'"i;.;i. Fig. 49.—AV(//-;,; dl/is^inia. i, ;i hiMnch recently attacked, showing concentric cracking of the bark ; 2, an old wound showing a rugged callus round the wound ; 3, section through a stroma showing perithecia, a. on its surface ; 4, a peritheciuni; 5, section of same; 6, conidia; 7, a conidium germinating; 8, ascus containing spores, and accompanied by paraphyses. Figs, i and 2 reduced ; remainder highly mag. more prevalent, and p Stock Photo")
RMRCD979–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. PJ' >-'"i;.;i. Fig. 49.—AV(//-;,; dl/is^inia. i, ;i hiMnch recently attacked, showing concentric cracking of the bark ; 2, an old wound showing a rugged callus round the wound ; 3, section through a stroma showing perithecia, a. on its surface ; 4, a peritheciuni; 5, section of same; 6, conidia; 7, a conidium germinating; 8, ascus containing spores, and accompanied by paraphyses. Figs, i and 2 reduced ; remainder highly mag. more prevalent, and p
RMMCMGRA–. FiG. 22,.—Pythium de baryanum. i, seedlings of cress [Le- pidizim sativutn) attacked by the fungus ; 2, mycelium bearing conidia at the tips of the branches ; 3, sporangia in different stages, also a free zoospore ; 4, an oosphere with the antheridium or male organ, which has pierced the wall of the oosphere, and inserted a slender tube for the purpose of allowing the contents of the antheridium to mingle with those of the oosphere. After this blending of the contents of the two organs, the oosphere becomes surrounded by a thick wall to form the oospore, or sexually produced resting-spore ;
RMRCD9AG–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. TAPHRINA 143 Exoascus alni-iiicanae (Kiihn) causes enlargement of the scales of alder catkins. The much enlarged scales project from the catkins as reddish, fleshy, irregular outgrowths, which become whitish at a later stage, due to the presence of numerous asci. Exoascus carpini {Kosir.) forms dense witches' brooms on hornbeam. The branches are thickened, stunted, and much branched; leaves crowded, somewhat curled, and bear the asci on their under surfa
![. I'iG. 87.—Puccinia asparagi. 1, aecidium stage on a young shoot of asparagus ; 2, teleutospore stage on a summer plant; 3, aecidiospores; 4, uredospores; 5, teleutospores. l*"ig- 2 reduced, remainder variously mag. bright orange spores. The pustules of summer-spores and winter-spores develop at a later stage, and arc mostly con- fined to the leaves, where they appear under the form of minute brown or blackish pustules which soon become powdery. I. Forming large orange patches on stem and leaves. Spores subglobose, minutely warted, pale yellow, 35-45 X 18-25 /i. II. Small brown pustules Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCKCBJ/iig-87puccinia-asparagi-1-aecidium-stage-on-a-young-shoot-of-asparagus-2-teleutospore-stage-on-a-summer-plant-3-aecidiospores-4-uredospores-5-teleutospores-lquotig-2-reduced-remainder-variously-mag-bright-orange-spores-the-pustules-of-summer-spores-and-winter-spores-develop-at-a-later-stage-and-arc-mostly-con-fined-to-the-leaves-where-they-appear-under-the-form-of-minute-brown-or-blackish-pustules-which-soon-become-powdery-i-forming-large-orange-patches-on-stem-and-leaves-spores-subglobose-minutely-warted-pale-yellow-35-45-x-18-25-i-ii-small-brown-pustules-MCKCBJ.jpg ". I'iG. 87.—Puccinia asparagi. 1, aecidium stage on a young shoot of asparagus ; 2, teleutospore stage on a summer plant; 3, aecidiospores; 4, uredospores; 5, teleutospores. l*"ig- 2 reduced, remainder variously mag. bright orange spores. The pustules of summer-spores and winter-spores develop at a later stage, and arc mostly con- fined to the leaves, where they appear under the form of minute brown or blackish pustules which soon become powdery. I. Forming large orange patches on stem and leaves. Spores subglobose, minutely warted, pale yellow, 35-45 X 18-25 /i. II. Small brown pustules Stock Photo")
RMMCKCBJ–. I'iG. 87.—Puccinia asparagi. 1, aecidium stage on a young shoot of asparagus ; 2, teleutospore stage on a summer plant; 3, aecidiospores; 4, uredospores; 5, teleutospores. l*"ig- 2 reduced, remainder variously mag. bright orange spores. The pustules of summer-spores and winter-spores develop at a later stage, and arc mostly con- fined to the leaves, where they appear under the form of minute brown or blackish pustules which soon become powdery. I. Forming large orange patches on stem and leaves. Spores subglobose, minutely warted, pale yellow, 35-45 X 18-25 /i. II. Small brown pustules
RMRCD91F–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. UROMYCES 293 Haricot bean rust.—Haricot beans or 'scarlet-runners' are often attacked by Uromyces appendiculatus (Link.) causing the leaves to fall early, when the development of pods is checked. Aecidia, uredo, and teleutospore stages all follow in succession, forming numerous minute brown pustules on the leaves. Aecidiospores angularly globose, whitish, slightly punctulate, 17-32 X 14-20/x. Uredospores pale brown, aculeolate, 24-33X 16-20 /^. Teleutosp
RMMCKBYC–. 'â iidis, causing arrest and galling of buds of IhtuLi a I til. times narrow lines of these hairs follow the larger veins on the upper surface of the leaf. These velvety islands are by no means uncommon on the upper or under surface of living leaves belonging to various kinds of plants, and were at one time considered as fungi, and included under the genus Eritieum (Pers.). Eriophyes kerncri (Nal.) is recorded as being the cause of galled gentian flowers {Gcutiana compesiris, L.) in Scotland. The flowers remain closed but much swollen and distorted,
RMRCD9F1–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. 90 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Seedling cabbage disease {Olpidiurti brassicae, Dang.) often causes devastation in beds of seedling cabbages; the injury comes from the gardener's point of view under the category of ' damping off.' The tender cells of the young stem are attacked by the fungus, soon the plant droops, falls down, and dies. Sporangia, solitary or several in each cell of the host, the long slender tube from which the zoospores escape often p
![. A "i^ KiG. 137.—Fcslalozzia ^^uepiiii. i, blotches caused by the fungus on a tea leaf; 2, conidia oi" fungus, highly mag. Grey blight of tea plant {Pestalozzia guepitii, Desm.) is said by Sir George Watt to be one of the most destructive and dangerous parasitic fungi that attack the tea plant. It occurs in Assam and Cachar, and probably wherever tea is grown in India and Ceylon. The disease first appears as minute, brownish-grey spots on the upper surface of the leaf; these spots gradually increase in size and often coalesce, forming large, irregular blotches which become grey, and Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCKC4G/a-quoti-kig-137fcslalozzia-uepiiii-i-blotches-caused-by-the-fungus-on-a-tea-leaf-2-conidia-oiquot-fungus-highly-mag-grey-blight-of-tea-plant-pestalozzia-guepitii-desm-is-said-by-sir-george-watt-to-be-one-of-the-most-destructive-and-dangerous-parasitic-fungi-that-attack-the-tea-plant-it-occurs-in-assam-and-cachar-and-probably-wherever-tea-is-grown-in-india-and-ceylon-the-disease-first-appears-as-minute-brownish-grey-spots-on-the-upper-surface-of-the-leaf-these-spots-gradually-increase-in-size-and-often-coalesce-forming-large-irregular-blotches-which-become-grey-and-MCKC4G.jpg ". A "i^ KiG. 137.—Fcslalozzia ^^uepiiii. i, blotches caused by the fungus on a tea leaf; 2, conidia oi" fungus, highly mag. Grey blight of tea plant {Pestalozzia guepitii, Desm.) is said by Sir George Watt to be one of the most destructive and dangerous parasitic fungi that attack the tea plant. It occurs in Assam and Cachar, and probably wherever tea is grown in India and Ceylon. The disease first appears as minute, brownish-grey spots on the upper surface of the leaf; these spots gradually increase in size and often coalesce, forming large, irregular blotches which become grey, and Stock Photo")
RMMCKC4G–. A "i^ KiG. 137.—Fcslalozzia ^^uepiiii. i, blotches caused by the fungus on a tea leaf; 2, conidia oi" fungus, highly mag. Grey blight of tea plant {Pestalozzia guepitii, Desm.) is said by Sir George Watt to be one of the most destructive and dangerous parasitic fungi that attack the tea plant. It occurs in Assam and Cachar, and probably wherever tea is grown in India and Ceylon. The disease first appears as minute, brownish-grey spots on the upper surface of the leaf; these spots gradually increase in size and often coalesce, forming large, irregular blotches which become grey, and
RMRCD98J–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. i8o DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS Distinguished by the soft—not carbonaceous, highly- coloured perithecia. Winter rot of potatoes.—Probably the most destructive disease attacking stored potatoes, where it is practically always present to some extent. The most usual symptom of the presence of the fungus is the gradual sinking and wrinkling of the surface of the tuber. These sunken places soon become sprinkled over with small, snow-white tufts of a conidia
RMMCKC36–. Yr,. 145.—Ccrcospora chrumicissa. i, diseased pcacli leaf; 2, tuft iif conidia, highly niaj:;. Cucumber and melon leaf blotch.— This destructive pest was first observed in 1.S06, and for the three or four following years it simply ran riot, killing off whole houses of cucumbers within a few days. It was almost entirely confined to the extensive establishments around London, the produce of which mostly found its way to Covent Garden market. At the present day the disease has practically disappeared. This j epidemic may in a sense be looked upon as an artificial creation, inasmuch as it can o
RMRCD9HJ–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. CHLOROSIS 35 Such diseased leaves, and sometimes also young shoots, first change colour to a sickly greenish-yellow, and then assume a clear yellow colour, finally becoming almost white and drying up. The disease is of frequent occurrence and attacks plants belonging to widely separated families. The disease. Fig. 4.—Two portions of a branch of a pear-tree damaged by hail. The left-hand figure shows the injured side of the branch ; that on tlie right han
RMRCD9D5–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. PYTHIUM 105 Bud-rot of palms.—During the past few years a peculiar disease attacking palms in the Godavari delta, India, has been investigated by Dr. Butler, Imperial Mycologist, Re-. FiG. 22,.—Pythium de baryanum. i, seedlings of cress [Le- pidizim sativutn) attacked by the fungus ; 2, mycelium bearing conidia at the tips of the branches ; 3, sporangia in different stages, also a free zoospore ; 4, an oosphere with the antheridium or male organ, which h
![. 6- /^ '^ d^- ^ m^ '^^m^- Fk;. 141.â(/â¢â "-"''â¢fr;7/v/,'« i'v ;v-,.i73.) Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCKC3J/6-d-m-m-fk-141-quot-quotfr7v-iv-v-i73-MCKC3J.jpg ". 6- /^ '^ d^- ^ m^ '^^m^- Fk;. 141.â(/â¢â "-"''â¢fr;7/v/,'« i'v ;v-,.i73.) Stock Photo")
RMRCD94D–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. EPICHLOE 223 A disease that is exceedingly difficult to deal with, as it is so generally distributed on grasses throughout the country, and when in abundance causes loss on account of the inflorescence being arrested. I have seen many acres of Agrostis canina (L.) growing on a common, practically every. Fig. 65.—Epichloe typhina. i, fungus or leaf-sheath oiHolcus mollis; 2, fungus on Holciis lanatus ; 3, portion of fungus showing warts on surface, corres
RMMCMMYW–. Fig. 17.—Olpldiuni brassicae. i, zoosporangia in cells of cabbage leaf; 2, zoospores; 3, resting- spores. All highly mag. From a scientific standpoint this fungus should be recog- nised from the similar effects produced by Pythium de barya- ?tum (Hesse), although the practical preventive measures apply equally to both pests. Plenty of sunlight, and absence of excess of moisture in soil and air are the only practical remedies. Where the disease has shown itself is an indication that the locality is too damp. Woronin, Pringsh. Jahrb. (1878), p. 557. Olpidium hmnae (Schrot.). This parasite is m
RMRCD9C0–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. CYSTOPUS 131 germination, these fungi can only infect plants during the presence of a certain amount of moisture. All are parasites on plants. White rust of crucifers.—This fungus {Cystopus candidus,. Fig. 29.—Cyziopus candid us. i, fungus on shepherd's purse ; 2, conidial form of fruit; 3, oospore ; 4, Cystopus portulacae, conidia and oospores in various stages of development ; 5, Cystopus trogopogonis, on leaf of goat's- beard; 6, oospore of same. Figs
RMRCD9EP–. Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Plant diseases; Plants -- Wounds and injuries; Plants, Protection of; Trees -- Diseases and pests. UROPHLYCTIS 93 piriform, terminal or intercalary, 15-50 /x diam. Zoospores angular, then globose, i-ciliate, becoming clothed with a membrane, about 3 /x diam. Prunet, Comp. Rend., 119, p. 108 (1894). UROPHLYCTIS (Schrot.) Zoosporangia sessile on the living host, with filamentous mycelium penetrating the tissues. Thick-walled resting-spores resulting from the conjugation of two cells are formed in the tissues of the host. Crown-gall of lucerne.—This is p
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