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Branched fungi Black & White Stock Photos
RMRE0HY3–. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 42 Structure and Classification of Micro-organisms THE MOLDS, BRANCHED FUNGI OR HYPHOMYCETES In this group it is customary to place a miscellaneous collection of organisms having in common the formation of a well-marked mycelium, but being so diversified in other respects as to place them in widely separated groups in the systematic arrangement of the ^^,^.^-=^. Fig. lo.—Oidium, showing the various vegetative and reproductive elements. :| X 3 so (Grawitz
RMPG42TX–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 410 DIVISION III.—MODE OF LIFE OF THE FUNGI, and in Sticta, and Scytouema or Stigonema in Stereocaulon. In many forms, for example in Sticta and Stereocaulon, the Nostocaceae are localised in peculiarly shaped branched or convex outgrowths from the thallus, which have received the name of cephalodia. The Alga is firmly attached to the adjoining hyphae; where the structure is a dense pseudo-parenchyma as in Endocarpon it is squeezed in between the hyphae ; where it is
RM2AN4FEW–The principles of biology . Mostly, simple plants are too small to be individuallyvisible without the microscope. But, in some cases, thesevegetal aggregates of the first order, grow to appreciablesizes. In the mycelium of some fungi, we have single cellsdeveloped into long branched filaments, or ramified tubules,that are of considerable lengths. An analogous structurecharacterizes certain tribes oiAlgm, of which Codium adhcerens,Fig. 4, may serve as an example. In Hydrogastrum, an-other alga, Fig. 5, we have a structure which is described as. THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS. 15 simula
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 307 cept the awn and rachis is entirely transformed into smut. In water and in nutrient solutions the spores germinate by a single promycelium, 1 to 3-septate, and often branched, but without sporidia. That infection is floral in loose smut of both wheat and barley was first shown by Maddox ^' and the fact was corrob- orated by Wakagawa,'* Brefeld ^* and Hecke.'^' " The my- celium has been demonstrated in the embryo by Broili.^^' The spores falling between the glumes germinate, penetrate the Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4674/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-307-cept-the-awn-and-rachis-is-entirely-transformed-into-smut-in-water-and-in-nutrient-solutions-the-spores-germinate-by-a-single-promycelium-1-to-3-septate-and-often-branched-but-without-sporidia-that-infection-is-floral-in-loose-smut-of-both-wheat-and-barley-was-first-shown-by-maddox-and-the-fact-was-corrob-orated-by-wakagawa-brefeld-and-hecke-quot-the-my-celium-has-been-demonstrated-in-the-embryo-by-broili-the-spores-falling-between-the-glumes-germinate-penetrate-the-PG4674.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 307 cept the awn and rachis is entirely transformed into smut. In water and in nutrient solutions the spores germinate by a single promycelium, 1 to 3-septate, and often branched, but without sporidia. That infection is floral in loose smut of both wheat and barley was first shown by Maddox ^' and the fact was corrob- orated by Wakagawa,'* Brefeld ^* and Hecke.'^' " The my- celium has been demonstrated in the embryo by Broili.^^' The spores falling between the glumes germinate, penetrate the Stock Photo")
RMPG4674–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 307 cept the awn and rachis is entirely transformed into smut. In water and in nutrient solutions the spores germinate by a single promycelium, 1 to 3-septate, and often branched, but without sporidia. That infection is floral in loose smut of both wheat and barley was first shown by Maddox ^' and the fact was corrob- orated by Wakagawa,'* Brefeld ^* and Hecke.'^' " The my- celium has been demonstrated in the embryo by Broili.^^' The spores falling between the glumes germinate, penetrate the
RMRE1GEY–. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. 176 FTJNGI. jugated cells, especially the larger, wither and empty themselves, while the upright compressed filaments, which will ultimately constitute the asci, increase and multiply.* Certain phenomena concerned in the development of the Erysiphei belong also to this connection. The mycelium of Erysiphe elchoracearum, like that of other species, consibts of branched filaments, crossed in all directions, which adhere as they climb to the epidermis of the plant on which the fungus lives as a parasite. The perithecia are engendered where two f
RMPG1T7H–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER v.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—HYMENOMrCETES. 299 defined than the strands of slender hyphae; they are often much elongated in the stipe and not unfrequently branched in the longitudinal direction or anastomose with others. In transverse sections, especially in the stipe, the cells of many of the large- celled portions are ovoid or wedge-shaped, and are so arranged, usually five or six together, round a centre that their narrow ends converge towards it, and they thus
RMRDWMJ1–. First forms of vegetation. Botany; Cryptogams. FUNGI. 309 structures, or at least intermediate links between the animal and vegetable kingdoms. The simplest fungi consist of a few primordial cells, either separate or conjoined, or of cellular, branched filaments or threads, performing the functions of nutrition and reproduction. Between these and the mushroom, which may be regarded as exhibiting the highest development of fungoid life, there are numerous intermediate forms more or less complex. Some resemble minute mussels. Fig. 27.—Tremella mesenterica. with their edges upwards ; some are s
RMPG4AWP–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 388 THALLOPHYTES like sporophores on the sides of trees and stumps. In the family to which the Hydnums belong the hymenium is borne on tooth- like projections {Fig. 341)- In another family the sporophore is much branched and the hymenium covers the surface of the branches (Fig. 342). As to the texture of the sporophore, that varies widely in the different families. In some families it is gelatinous and without definite shape. It is fleshy in the Toad- stools and Mushrooms and in some of the Bracket Fungi it be- comes as hard and persistent as wood..
RMRDCEN8–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 410 DIVISION III.—MODE OF LIFE OF THE FUNGI, and in Sticta, and Scytouema or Stigonema in Stereocaulon. In many forms, for example in Sticta and Stereocaulon, the Nostocaceae are localised in peculiarly shaped branched or convex outgrowths from the thallus, which have received the name of cephalodia. The Alga is firmly attached to the adjoining hyphae; where the structure is a dense pseudo-parenchyma as in Endocarpon it is squeezed in between the hyphae ; where it is
RMPG4DJN–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Family Clathraces FAMILY CUTHRACE^ The members of the family Clathracece have a volva similar to the volva of the Phallacece. The volva ruptures, and the receptacle issues in a similar manner. The members of this family have the spore receptacle latticed or branched instead of tubular or cylindrical, and bear the spores on the inner surface of the receptacle rather than on the outer surface. Latticed Clathrus Clathrus ca
RMRDHTK3–. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. 62 MICEOBES, FEEMENTS, AND MOULDS. of soda, which neutralizes the acidity of the saliva. It is, above all, essential that the feeding-bottle, all the utensils employed for the infant, and the infant itself, should be kept perfectly clean; and, unfortu- nately, this condition is too rarely fulfilled, especially. Fig. 34.—OiAium albicans^ or Saccharomyces mycoderma; d, much-branched myce- lium ; g, chaplet or torula of spores, giving birtli at/, k to the mycelium. among the working classes in towns, and districts in which children
RMPG3YYP–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. i6o FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS The fungus. The mycelium of this fungus is typical of the family. The haustoria have very much the form of those pre- viously described for the grape mycelium. The sporophores arise through the stomates, singly or in small clus- ters, and they are considerably branched, somewhat more flexu- ous than those of the grape mildew, and the fruiting tips are less rigid and more widely separated one from another, corresponding more nearly to separate branches
RMRDXHFK–. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. THE CARPOPHORE 29 Fig. 14.—Clav- ate stroma of Cordyceps. the fructifying surface is sufficiently raised above the soil to attain its development (Fig. 14). The carpophores vary not only in length for the same species, according to circumstances, but also in form, according to the species. In some it is simple, and in others branched, but the receptacles are always densely accumulated about the apices in this genus of Cordyceps. Hence we recognise again that a carpophor
RMPG402J–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 142 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS. Fig. 43. Bean Seedlings attacked by Pythium (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) The fungus. The mycelium, like that of most Peronosporaceas, is delicate, more or less variable in diameter, and much branched. The branches are, for a time, at least, smaller than the parent hyphae. The protoplasm is densely granular in the growing. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colo
RMRDXHG1–. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. 18 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FUNGI Mmpusa muscae. When the spore of one of these moulds alights upon the body of its favourite host-insect it sends out a germ tube, which enters the body at any favourable spot, and when this is once accomplished, it develops rapidly, at the expense of 'the tissues it replaces. It does not form a branched mycelium, but grows by the production of hyphal bodies (Fig. 5), which are short, thick bodies of variable size and shape, and thes
RMPG0R68–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CYSTOPUS. 123 Cystopus (Albugo). The mycelium is branched and grows between the cells of living plants, obtaining its nourishment by means of haustoria. The conidial cushions rupture the epidermis of the host. The conidia or sporangia are smooth-coated, and are produced acropetally in chains on short stalks from which they fall off separately when ripe. The sporangia germinate and discharge. Fig. 33.—Cystopvs candid
![. Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. 18 FUNGI. three distinct parts requiring elucidation, viz. the , rooting slender fibres that traverse the soil, and termed the mycelium, or spawn, the stem and cap or pileus, which together con-/ stitute what is called the liymenophore, and the plates or gills on the under surface of the cap, which bear the hymenium. The earliest condition in which the mushroom can be recognized as a vegetable entity is in that of the " spawn " or mycelium, which is essentially an agglomeration of vegetating spores. Its normal form is that of branched, slender, Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHTJ9/fungi-their-nature-and-uses-fungi-18-fungi-three-distinct-parts-requiring-elucidation-viz-the-rooting-slender-fibres-that-traverse-the-soil-and-termed-the-mycelium-or-spawn-the-stem-and-cap-or-pileus-which-together-con-stitute-what-is-called-the-liymenophore-and-the-plates-or-gills-on-the-under-surface-of-the-cap-which-bear-the-hymenium-the-earliest-condition-in-which-the-mushroom-can-be-recognized-as-a-vegetable-entity-is-in-that-of-the-quot-spawn-quot-or-mycelium-which-is-essentially-an-agglomeration-of-vegetating-spores-its-normal-form-is-that-of-branched-slender-RDHTJ9.jpg ". Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. 18 FUNGI. three distinct parts requiring elucidation, viz. the , rooting slender fibres that traverse the soil, and termed the mycelium, or spawn, the stem and cap or pileus, which together con-/ stitute what is called the liymenophore, and the plates or gills on the under surface of the cap, which bear the hymenium. The earliest condition in which the mushroom can be recognized as a vegetable entity is in that of the " spawn " or mycelium, which is essentially an agglomeration of vegetating spores. Its normal form is that of branched, slender, Stock Photo")
RMRDHTJ9–. Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. 18 FUNGI. three distinct parts requiring elucidation, viz. the , rooting slender fibres that traverse the soil, and termed the mycelium, or spawn, the stem and cap or pileus, which together con-/ stitute what is called the liymenophore, and the plates or gills on the under surface of the cap, which bear the hymenium. The earliest condition in which the mushroom can be recognized as a vegetable entity is in that of the " spawn " or mycelium, which is essentially an agglomeration of vegetating spores. Its normal form is that of branched, slender,
RMPG4GEC–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 185 to similarity of habit and the frequent abnormal development of the appendages, so that the published references are not always reliable. Microsphsera L6viell6 (p. 175) Perithecia globose to subglobose; asci several, 2 to 8-spored-, appendages not interwoven with the mycelium, branched in a definite manner at the apex, usually dichotomously and often very ornately, rarely undivided or merely once dichotomous. According to Salmon there are thirteen species; Engler and Prantl' recognize thirty.
RMRE1GMR–. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. 50 FUNGI.. Fig the threads are branched, but the spores are collected in clusters usually, and are moreover septate. In other genera similar distinctions prevail. These tvFO groups of black moulds and â white moulds are the noblest, and contain the largest number of genera and species amongst the Hyphomycetes. There is, how- ever, the small group of Isariacei, in which the threads are compacted, and a semblance of such hymenomycetal forms as Olavaria and Pterula is the result, but it is doubtful if this g^oup contains many autonomous species.
RMPG42WY–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PLASMOPARA. 129 the Vine. This parasite was introduced into Europe from America.^ It makes its appearance in early summer as white patches on the under surfaces of leaves, sometimes also on stalks and fruit. In the course of the summer the leaves show brown spots and dry up. The white patches consist of tufts of branched conidiophores, from which ovoid conidia are abjointed. These on germina-. FiG. 40.—Ptasmopara vi
![. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. 18 FUNGI. three distinct parts requiring elucidation, viz. tlie rooting slender fibres that traverse the soil, and termed the mycelium, or spawn, the stem and cap or pileus, which together con- stitute what is called the hymenopliore, and the plates or gills on the under surface of the cap, which bear the liymenium. The earliest condition in which the mushroom can be recognized as a vegetable entity is in that of the " spawn" or mycelium, which is essentially an agglomeration of vegetating spores. Its normal form is that of branched Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE1GPR/fungi-their-nature-influence-and-uses-fungi-18-fungi-three-distinct-parts-requiring-elucidation-viz-tlie-rooting-slender-fibres-that-traverse-the-soil-and-termed-the-mycelium-or-spawn-the-stem-and-cap-or-pileus-which-together-con-stitute-what-is-called-the-hymenopliore-and-the-plates-or-gills-on-the-under-surface-of-the-cap-which-bear-the-liymenium-the-earliest-condition-in-which-the-mushroom-can-be-recognized-as-a-vegetable-entity-is-in-that-of-the-quot-spawnquot-or-mycelium-which-is-essentially-an-agglomeration-of-vegetating-spores-its-normal-form-is-that-of-branched-RE1GPR.jpg ". Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. 18 FUNGI. three distinct parts requiring elucidation, viz. tlie rooting slender fibres that traverse the soil, and termed the mycelium, or spawn, the stem and cap or pileus, which together con- stitute what is called the hymenopliore, and the plates or gills on the under surface of the cap, which bear the liymenium. The earliest condition in which the mushroom can be recognized as a vegetable entity is in that of the " spawn" or mycelium, which is essentially an agglomeration of vegetating spores. Its normal form is that of branched Stock Photo")
RMRE1GPR–. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. 18 FUNGI. three distinct parts requiring elucidation, viz. tlie rooting slender fibres that traverse the soil, and termed the mycelium, or spawn, the stem and cap or pileus, which together con- stitute what is called the hymenopliore, and the plates or gills on the under surface of the cap, which bear the liymenium. The earliest condition in which the mushroom can be recognized as a vegetable entity is in that of the " spawn" or mycelium, which is essentially an agglomeration of vegetating spores. Its normal form is that of branched
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4BET/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-sclerotinia-257-leaves-of-vaccinium-vitis-idaea-exhibit-in-spring-a-mould-like-coating-consisting-of-chains-of-lemon-shaped-conidia-woronin-thus-describes-it-quot-in-the-outer-layers-of-the-cortex-amongst-the-dying-elements-a-pseudoparenchymatous-cushion-is-formed-from-which-simple-or-dichotomously-branched-hyphae-grow-out-through-the-overlying-cuticle-the-individual-members-of-the-chains-of-conidia-are-s-PG4BET.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s Stock Photo")
RMPG4BET–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s
RMRDXH9T–. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. HYMENOMYCETES 145 Calocera usually growing on dead wood. Saccardo includes also Lachnocladium, which resembles a branched Clavaria, but the substance is coriaceous, and the stem tomentose. For these and other reasons we prefer to place it in Thelephoreae. In Pterula the sub- stance is dry and cartilaginous, but in form resembling very slender Clavariae. Typhula and Pistillaria include minute species, mostly waxy and delicate, in the former with a very long, and in the l
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 102 SYMBIOSIS. much and become club-shaped or dichotomously branched bodies without power of division, which may be designated " bacteroids." ^ Brunchorst found the contents of the bacteroids. Fig. 23.—Rhizobium teguminosarum, Root*tubercles on Robinia Fseudacacia (V. Tubeuf phot.) to disappear at the time of the fruit-formation of the host- plant. A small number of microbe-bodies still remain, according t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG0R7P/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-102-symbiosis-much-and-become-club-shaped-or-dichotomously-branched-bodies-without-power-of-division-which-may-be-designated-quot-bacteroidsquot-brunchorst-found-the-contents-of-the-bacteroids-fig-23rhizobium-teguminosarum-roottubercles-on-robinia-fseudacacia-v-tubeuf-phot-to-disappear-at-the-time-of-the-fruit-formation-of-the-host-plant-a-small-number-of-microbe-bodies-still-remain-according-t-PG0R7P.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 102 SYMBIOSIS. much and become club-shaped or dichotomously branched bodies without power of division, which may be designated " bacteroids." ^ Brunchorst found the contents of the bacteroids. Fig. 23.—Rhizobium teguminosarum, Root*tubercles on Robinia Fseudacacia (V. Tubeuf phot.) to disappear at the time of the fruit-formation of the host- plant. A small number of microbe-bodies still remain, according t Stock Photo")
RMPG0R7P–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 102 SYMBIOSIS. much and become club-shaped or dichotomously branched bodies without power of division, which may be designated " bacteroids." ^ Brunchorst found the contents of the bacteroids. Fig. 23.—Rhizobium teguminosarum, Root*tubercles on Robinia Fseudacacia (V. Tubeuf phot.) to disappear at the time of the fruit-formation of the host- plant. A small number of microbe-bodies still remain, according t
RMRDHRR1–. Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. 176 FUNGI. jugated cells, especially the larger, wither and empty themselves, while the upright compressed filaments, which will ultimately constitute the asci, increase and multiply.* Certain phenomena concerned in the development of the Erysipltei belong also to this connection. The mycelium of Erysiphe dehoracearum, like that of other species, consists of branched filaments, crossed in all directions, which adhere as they climb to the epidermis of the plant on which the fungus lives as a parasite. The perithecia are engendered where two filaments cross
RMPG4GX5–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 115 reproductive structures in the form of conidia. These may be borne singly or in rows on simple or branched conidiophores. The conidiophores may be single or variously grouped in columns or layers. Figs. 352, 378, 382. In some instances they are very. Fig. 75.—Sphsrotheca castagnei. Fertilization and de- velopment of the perithecium. Og= oogonium, an= antheridium, st= stalk-cell. 6 as the ascogonium derived from the oogonium. After Harper. short, innate; again they are long, loose or floccosc.
RMRDDBRH–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 185 to similarity of habit and the frequent abnormal development of the appendages, so that the published references are not always reliable. Microsphsera L6viell6 (p. 175) Perithecia globose to subglobose; asci several, 2 to 8-spored-, appendages not interwoven with the mycelium, branched in a definite manner at the apex, usually dichotomously and often very ornately, rarely undivided or merely once dichotomous. According to Salmon there are thirteen species; Engler and Prantl' recognize thirty.
RMPG3YW2–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 192 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS On blighted branches of the peach the mycelium has been found (Smith) to grow most abundantly in the cambium and soft bast, these tissues disappearing in large measure with the forma- tion of extensive gum pockets (Fig. 71). The conidiophores arise as short hyphae, which soon become septate at the extremities, branched and nodulose. The branching proceeds in an indefinite and usually irregular or semidichotomous fashion (Fig. 72, a and b). From the ap
RMRE1RKN–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Family Clathraceae FAMILY CLATHRACEy€ The members of the family Clathracece have a volva similar to the volva of the Phallacece. The volva ruptures, and the receptacle issues in a similar manner. The members of this family have the spore receptacle latticed or branched instead of tubular or cylindrical, and bear the spores on the inner surface of the receptacle rather than on the outer surface. Latti
RMPG4544–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. MILDEWS AND RELATED FUNGI 157 spJuera (Fig. 54) dichotomously branched. These appendages prob- ably assist in the distribution of the perithecium, serving to attach the perithecia to plants, if wind-borne, or to the bodies of insects by which they are carried to other plants. The number of asci found in a perithecium and the number and character of the spores in the asci vary generically (see Appendix VIII, pages 721-726). As the fungi of this family are especially suitable for systemat
RMRE0PDA–. Agricultural botany, theoretical and practical. Botany, Economic; Botany. 694 FUNGI it consists of generally non-septate, branched hypha, which derive their nourishment from the cell-contents of the plant through which they ramify. For a short time the fungus is confined within the body of the diseased seedling, but after extending itself through all parts of the latter, the hyphse grow out into the surrounding moist air and are able to reach across short distances to healthy neighbouring plants, which they immediately penetrate; in this manner the disease can spread from plant to plant. Mor
RMPG4307–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 30 REACTION OF HOST TO PAKASITIC ATTACK. Still more striking are certain structures resembling witches' brooms, which are produced on Thujopsis dolabrafa in Japan, under the influence of the mycelium of Caeoma deformans (Fig. 8). These consist of leafless non-chlorophyllous axes, dichotomously branched, and with each branch ending in a disc. They arise from shoots or leaves of the Thujopsis where structures of the k
RMRDCF9T–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER v.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—HYMENOMrCETES. 299 defined than the strands of slender hyphae; they are often much elongated in the stipe and not unfrequently branched in the longitudinal direction or anastomose with others. In transverse sections, especially in the stipe, the cells of many of the large- celled portions are ovoid or wedge-shaped, and are so arranged, usually five or six together, round a centre that their narrow ends converge towards it, and they thus
RMPG4AWY–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 341. — A Hydnum, a Fungus in which the hymenium is borne on tooth-hke projec- tions. X |.. Fig. 342. —a Basidio- mycete, Clavaria, with a much branched sporo- phore. X |. lines tubes with pore-like openings. These are known as the Pore Fungi, and to this family belong some Toadstools, some of which are edible {Fig. S40), and the Bracket Fungi^ which form shelf-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not per
RMRDHTGG–. Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. ture has been specially illustrated by M. Tulasnc,* through the common species, Tremella inesenterica. This latter is of a fine golden yellow colour, and rather large size. It is uniformly composed throughout of a colourless mucilage, with no appreciable texture, in which are distributed very fine, diversely branched and anastomosing filaments. Towards the surface, the ultimate branches of this filamentous network give birth, both at their^summits and laterally, to globular cells, which ac- quire a comparatively large size. Pl°- e.—Catocera viscom. These
RMPG4BMR–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—MVCORINI. ^52, turn in a hair-point; the lateral branches of the last order swell into irregularly capitate basidia, from the short slender sterigmata of which 8-20 spherical spores are simultaneously abjointed. Similar sporiferous structures with hair-points are formed on the terminal ramifications of copiously branched gonidiophores, which rise in a curve into the air from well-fed mycelia in a similar manner to the stolons of Rhizopus
RMRDXTK6–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Family Clathraceae FAMILY CLATHRACE/E The members of the family Clathracece have a volva similar to the volva of the Phallacece. The volva ruptures, and the receptacle issues in a similar manner. The members of this family have the spore receptacle latticed or branched instead of tubular or cylindrical, and bear the spores on the inner surface of the receptacle rather than on the outer surface. Latti
RMPG3T57–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 498 FUNGI IMPERFECTI. exhibit reddish or yellow spots; therein the mycelium spreads rapidly and gives off tufts of eonidiophores which rupture the epidermis. The eonidiophores are septate, branched, and give off chains of unicellular oval conidia. Meanwhile the affected fruit becomes rotten and gradually shrivels up, it remains, however, hanging on the tree throughout the winter. During. Please note that these image
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] LABOULBENIALES 173 monoecious forms) bears the appendages in a terminal position and the perithecium laterally (fig. 136). More rarely the receptacle consists of a larger number of cells variously arranged and reaching a considerable complexity in such forms as Zodio- myces vorticellarius (fig. 133). One or more appendages are borne on the receptacle. These are more or less filamentous and often elaborately branched. They bear the male organs and serve also for the protection of the delicate trichogyne and perhaps facilitate fertilizat Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX143/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-v-laboulbeniales-173-monoecious-forms-bears-the-appendages-in-a-terminal-position-and-the-perithecium-laterally-fig-136-more-rarely-the-receptacle-consists-of-a-larger-number-of-cells-variously-arranged-and-reaching-a-considerable-complexity-in-such-forms-as-zodio-myces-vorticellarius-fig-133-one-or-more-appendages-are-borne-on-the-receptacle-these-are-more-or-less-filamentous-and-often-elaborately-branched-they-bear-the-male-organs-and-serve-also-for-the-protection-of-the-delicate-trichogyne-and-perhaps-facilitate-fertilizat-RDX143.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] LABOULBENIALES 173 monoecious forms) bears the appendages in a terminal position and the perithecium laterally (fig. 136). More rarely the receptacle consists of a larger number of cells variously arranged and reaching a considerable complexity in such forms as Zodio- myces vorticellarius (fig. 133). One or more appendages are borne on the receptacle. These are more or less filamentous and often elaborately branched. They bear the male organs and serve also for the protection of the delicate trichogyne and perhaps facilitate fertilizat Stock Photo")
RMRDX143–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] LABOULBENIALES 173 monoecious forms) bears the appendages in a terminal position and the perithecium laterally (fig. 136). More rarely the receptacle consists of a larger number of cells variously arranged and reaching a considerable complexity in such forms as Zodio- myces vorticellarius (fig. 133). One or more appendages are borne on the receptacle. These are more or less filamentous and often elaborately branched. They bear the male organs and serve also for the protection of the delicate trichogyne and perhaps facilitate fertilizat
RMPG3YY3–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PHYCOMYCETES 163 an acute stage. Older onions are apparently more susceptible than young, and recovery in the former case is seldom. The fungus. The mycelium is considerable, and it penetrates practically all parts of the leaf. The minute haustoria are numerous,. Fig. 57. Onion Mildew (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) Fig. 58. Mature Conidiophore, Germinat- ing CONIDIUM, AND MYCELIUM OF ONION Peronospora. (c after Whetzel) thread-like, and often branched at the tip. The conidiophores a
RMRDJFKF–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. i6o FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS The fungus. The mycelium of this fungus is typical of the family. The haustoria have very much the form of those pre- viously described for the grape mycelium. The sporophores arise through the stomates, singly or in small clus- ters, and they are considerably branched, somewhat more flexu- ous than those of the grape mildew, and the fruiting tips are less rigid and more widely separated one from another, corresponding more nearly to separate branches
RMPG45F7–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 11 at least in higher forms, is highly organized. In lowly forms of fungi, where the plant body is but a single, small, more or less rounded cell of microscopic size, absorption takes place over the entire surface of the little plant and there is no specialized region for the performance of this function. In all of the higher forms absorption takes place through a system of much- branched, fine threads of microscopic size. In a mushroom, for instance, these threads penetrate the soil for a considerable distance, often for fe
RMRDETDA–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Family Clathraces FAMILY CUTHRACE^ The members of the family Clathracece have a volva similar to the volva of the Phallacece. The volva ruptures, and the receptacle issues in a similar manner. The members of this family have the spore receptacle latticed or branched instead of tubular or cylindrical, and bear the spores on the inner surface of the receptacle rather than on the outer surface. Latticed Clathrus Clathrus ca
RMPG4H3D–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 76 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Pythium Pringsheim '^ (p. 75) The mycelium is found in abundance in and about the infected tissue as fine, branched continuous threads. These, in the terrestial. Fig. 45.—Cucumber seedlings. Pots 5, 6, and 8 inoculated with Pythium. Pot 7, Control. After Atkinson. species, bear conidia on branches which are of the same character as the myceHum itself. The conidia germinate either by a rupture of the wall or by the formation of a beak-like process through which the protoplasm is extruded, after
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES iSS Chaetoniiaceae The Chaetomiaceae occur on straw, paper, dung and other waste materials; they possess free, thin-walled perithecia beset with numerous characteristic, long hairs (fig. 112), which are often elaborately branched or coiled. On these, or on the ordinary vegetative mycelium, conidia are produced. An ostiole is lacking in Ch. fimete, presumably the most primitive member of the genus; in the remaining species it is present and the peri- thecium is of the typical sphaeriaceous form. In Chaetomium spirale the cel Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTNBX/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-v-sphaeriales-iss-chaetoniiaceae-the-chaetomiaceae-occur-on-straw-paper-dung-and-other-waste-materials-they-possess-free-thin-walled-perithecia-beset-with-numerous-characteristic-long-hairs-fig-112-which-are-often-elaborately-branched-or-coiled-on-these-or-on-the-ordinary-vegetative-mycelium-conidia-are-produced-an-ostiole-is-lacking-in-ch-fimete-presumably-the-most-primitive-member-of-the-genus-in-the-remaining-species-it-is-present-and-the-peri-thecium-is-of-the-typical-sphaeriaceous-form-in-chaetomium-spirale-the-cel-RDTNBX.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES iSS Chaetoniiaceae The Chaetomiaceae occur on straw, paper, dung and other waste materials; they possess free, thin-walled perithecia beset with numerous characteristic, long hairs (fig. 112), which are often elaborately branched or coiled. On these, or on the ordinary vegetative mycelium, conidia are produced. An ostiole is lacking in Ch. fimete, presumably the most primitive member of the genus; in the remaining species it is present and the peri- thecium is of the typical sphaeriaceous form. In Chaetomium spirale the cel Stock Photo")
RMRDTNBX–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES iSS Chaetoniiaceae The Chaetomiaceae occur on straw, paper, dung and other waste materials; they possess free, thin-walled perithecia beset with numerous characteristic, long hairs (fig. 112), which are often elaborately branched or coiled. On these, or on the ordinary vegetative mycelium, conidia are produced. An ostiole is lacking in Ch. fimete, presumably the most primitive member of the genus; in the remaining species it is present and the peri- thecium is of the typical sphaeriaceous form. In Chaetomium spirale the cel
RMPG4FCN–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 172 Minnesota Plant Diseases. and not a few timber diseases can be traced to this group. Most forms are, however, saprophytes. The common smothering- fungus which is found at the base of young shrubs and trees is a smooth-shelf fungus. (Figs. 81, 82, 117, 118.) Club fungi {Clavariacea). As the common name implies, these fungi have club-shaped fruiting bodies. The club in some forms is single and thus simple. In other forms it may be branched and the most common of our club fungi are very abundantly branched thus forming dense tufts. The palisade surf
RMRDC17P–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 388 THALLOPHYTES like sporophores on the sides of trees and stumps. In the family to which the Hydnums belong the hymenium is borne on tooth- like projections {Fig. 341)- In another family the sporophore is much branched and the hymenium covers the surface of the branches (Fig. 342). As to the texture of the sporophore, that varies widely in the different families. In some families it is gelatinous and without definite shape. It is fleshy in the Toad- stools and Mushrooms and in some of the Bracket Fungi it be- comes as hard and persistent as wood..
RMPG42WD–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 134 PHYCOMYCETES. and branched conidiophores with light-brown conidia arise from their underside. Numerous oospores may be found in the leaves. Kirchner ^ observed the disease on leaves of four-year-old plants, yet without injurious effects. The follovnng are other British or American species: Peronospora ficariae, Tul. On Ranunculus, Myosunis, etc. P. corydalis, De By. On Corydalis and Dicentra. P. violae, De By. O
RMRE1GMG–. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. STETJCTTIEE. 53 or less branched sporangia-bearers and he tj'pical sporangiola frills; and we arrive at last at the conclusion simply to place the latter among the varieties of form which the sporangia-bearer of the Mucor mucedo shows, like every other typical organic form within certain limits. On the other hand, propagation organs, differing from those of the sporangia and their products, belong to Mucor mucedo, which may be termed conidia. On the dung (they are rare on any other substance) these appear at the same time, or generally somewh
RMPG45FC–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 8 Minnesota Plant Diseases, a characteristic structure and method of growth. This myce- lium is composed of fine microscopic threads, more or less branched and densely interwoven to form loose, woolly masses,, as in bread mold, or may even be compacted to form solid bodies. All fungi reproduce in some form by means of micro- scopic cells, more or less spherical in shape, and often as small as 1/2000 of a millimeter in diameter. They are usually, how- ever, larger. These tiny cells are known as spores and have various forms and methods of production,
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 307 cept the awn and rachis is entirely transformed into smut. In water and in nutrient solutions the spores germinate by a single promycelium, 1 to 3-septate, and often branched, but without sporidia. That infection is floral in loose smut of both wheat and barley was first shown by Maddox ^' and the fact was corrob- orated by Wakagawa,'* Brefeld ^* and Hecke.'^' " The my- celium has been demonstrated in the embryo by Broili.^^' The spores falling between the glumes germinate, penetrate the Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDDANE/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-307-cept-the-awn-and-rachis-is-entirely-transformed-into-smut-in-water-and-in-nutrient-solutions-the-spores-germinate-by-a-single-promycelium-1-to-3-septate-and-often-branched-but-without-sporidia-that-infection-is-floral-in-loose-smut-of-both-wheat-and-barley-was-first-shown-by-maddox-and-the-fact-was-corrob-orated-by-wakagawa-brefeld-and-hecke-quot-the-my-celium-has-been-demonstrated-in-the-embryo-by-broili-the-spores-falling-between-the-glumes-germinate-penetrate-the-RDDANE.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 307 cept the awn and rachis is entirely transformed into smut. In water and in nutrient solutions the spores germinate by a single promycelium, 1 to 3-septate, and often branched, but without sporidia. That infection is floral in loose smut of both wheat and barley was first shown by Maddox ^' and the fact was corrob- orated by Wakagawa,'* Brefeld ^* and Hecke.'^' " The my- celium has been demonstrated in the embryo by Broili.^^' The spores falling between the glumes germinate, penetrate the Stock Photo")
RMRDDANE–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 307 cept the awn and rachis is entirely transformed into smut. In water and in nutrient solutions the spores germinate by a single promycelium, 1 to 3-septate, and often branched, but without sporidia. That infection is floral in loose smut of both wheat and barley was first shown by Maddox ^' and the fact was corrob- orated by Wakagawa,'* Brefeld ^* and Hecke.'^' " The my- celium has been demonstrated in the embryo by Broili.^^' The spores falling between the glumes germinate, penetrate the
RMPG45RF–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 509 confluent, marginally fimbriate, the radiating fibers arachnoid, white, distinctly branched; pycnidia tuberculariform, scattered or confluent, black; conidia oblong, constricted, 18-20 x 5. /i; conidiophores short. This fungus was first described in 1826. It is common on rose leaves. The mycelium is in part subcuticular, in part deeper. The subcuticular part is visible through the cuticle, consisting of radiate strands each composed of several parallel hyphae. From this mycelium branches pene
RMRDWCYM–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 388 THALLOPHYTES like sporophores on the sides of trees and stumps. In the family to which the Hydnums belong the hymenium is borne on tooth- like projections {Fig. S^l). In another family the sporophore is much branched and the hymenium covers the surface of the branches {Fig. 342). As to the texture of the sporophore, that varies widely in the different families. In some families it is gelatinous and without definite shape. It is fleshy in the Toad- stools and Mushrooms and in some of the Bracket Fungi it be- comes as hard and persistent as w
RMPG45JY–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 586 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Hyphae inflated at both apex and joints 2. Arthrobotiys. Hyphae not inflated Conidia spirally pleurogynous 3. Haplariopsis. Conidia solitary, acrogenous or capitate Conidia capitate at apex. .. 4. Cephalothecium, p. 586. Conidia solitary at apex Fertile hyphae long 5. Trichothecium. Fertile hyphae very short 6. Didymopsis. Fertile hyphae branched Branching irregular 7. Diplosporium. Branching verticillate 8. Diplocladium. Branching dichotomous; sterig- mata subtemate 9. Cylindrocladium. Conid
RMRDHTGT–. Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. STRUCTURE. 25. ture has been specially illustrated by M. Tulasnc,* through the common species, Tremella inesenterica. This latter is of a fine golden yellow colour, and rather large size. It is uniformly composed throughout of a colourless mucilage, with no appreciable texture, in which are distributed very fine, diversely branched and anastomosing filaments. Towards the surface, the ultimate branches of this filamentous network give birth, both at their^summits and laterally, to globular cells, which ac- quire a comparatively large size. Pl°- e.—Catocera
RMPG457E–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I02 MYCOLOGY cate sporangial wall, which soon disappears leaving the spores on a hemispheric columella. These spores are ii to 70M broad. The 300/j broad zygospores are produced from similar branches of a dichotomously branched zygosphore. The mycelium of the species of Thamnidium enters the nutritive substratum. The large sporangia are terminal while the smaller secondary sporangia are borne on lateral branches in whorls below the terminal sporangium. This is typically seen in Th.. Fig
RMRE3CH3–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 392 FUNGI certain instances of more compact character. Such are the srleroies which are resting states of Coprinus stercorarius (Fr.) (fig. 318), and the rhizo- Morphs of Agaricus melleus (L.) (fig. 319), composed of root-Hke branched strands of mycelial hyphae, parasitic on the pine. The rhizo- morphs are simply sclerotes with growing-points. From the mycele, of whatever character it be, there arises the compound sporophore by the continued apical or marginal growth of a bundle of hyphse. It is not certain, but it may very well be, that intercal
RMPG4HBR–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. DIVISION II BACTERIA, SCHIZOMYCETES 18. 31-39 (p..3) Bacteria are extremely minute, unicellular organisms, which in outline present three primary forms each of great simplicity, namely the spheres (cocci), ^ the straight rods (bacteria), the curved rods (splrilli). In addition to these forms which comprise the vast majority of known species of bacteria there are also bacteria consisting of fila^ mentous bodies, either sim- ple or branched, attached or free. Fio. 4.—The three type forms of bacteria; a, spheres; b, rods; c, spirals.
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] TUBERALES 137 Bucholtz was able to examine, showed a system of internal chambers lined by the hymenium and communi- cating at one or more points with the exterior. As development pro- ceeds these cavities increase in size and the hymenium becomes further convoluted, so that additional cham- bers are formed. In Tuber the ascocarp is ir- regularly globose, fleshy or some- times almost woody; internally the walls which divide the gleba are extensively branched, and the free space between them is diminished, so that the layers of the hyme Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTNG4/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-iv-tuberales-137-bucholtz-was-able-to-examine-showed-a-system-of-internal-chambers-lined-by-the-hymenium-and-communi-cating-at-one-or-more-points-with-the-exterior-as-development-pro-ceeds-these-cavities-increase-in-size-and-the-hymenium-becomes-further-convoluted-so-that-additional-cham-bers-are-formed-in-tuber-the-ascocarp-is-ir-regularly-globose-fleshy-or-some-times-almost-woody-internally-the-walls-which-divide-the-gleba-are-extensively-branched-and-the-free-space-between-them-is-diminished-so-that-the-layers-of-the-hyme-RDTNG4.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] TUBERALES 137 Bucholtz was able to examine, showed a system of internal chambers lined by the hymenium and communi- cating at one or more points with the exterior. As development pro- ceeds these cavities increase in size and the hymenium becomes further convoluted, so that additional cham- bers are formed. In Tuber the ascocarp is ir- regularly globose, fleshy or some- times almost woody; internally the walls which divide the gleba are extensively branched, and the free space between them is diminished, so that the layers of the hyme Stock Photo")
RMRDTNG4–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] TUBERALES 137 Bucholtz was able to examine, showed a system of internal chambers lined by the hymenium and communi- cating at one or more points with the exterior. As development pro- ceeds these cavities increase in size and the hymenium becomes further convoluted, so that additional cham- bers are formed. In Tuber the ascocarp is ir- regularly globose, fleshy or some- times almost woody; internally the walls which divide the gleba are extensively branched, and the free space between them is diminished, so that the layers of the hyme
RMPG41E8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 286.—Agaricus meUeus. Sporophore developed from a rbizomorpli-strand; the other branch bears arrested sporophores. (After R. Hartig.). Fig. 287. — Agancus meUeus. Section through a lamella, d. The hyphae forming the substance of the lamella are much branched, and send twigs outwards which end in club-shaped basidia, a; on many of these are developed sterigmata with apices swollen into spores, b; c, isolated thr
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. VIl] USTILAGINALES 187 In the regions where the formation of brand-spores is to take place, the mycehum becomes richly branched and often swollen and gelatinous. In Ustilago and Sphacelotheca the sporogenous hyphae are divided into a number of short segments in each of which the contents form a spore surrounded by an independent membrane. The spores are enclosed at first within the gelatinous parent walls, but later these disappear so that the whole mycelium is transformed into a pulverulent mass of spores. In Tilletia and Entyloma the sp Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX0XN/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-vil-ustilaginales-187-in-the-regions-where-the-formation-of-brand-spores-is-to-take-place-the-mycehum-becomes-richly-branched-and-often-swollen-and-gelatinous-in-ustilago-and-sphacelotheca-the-sporogenous-hyphae-are-divided-into-a-number-of-short-segments-in-each-of-which-the-contents-form-a-spore-surrounded-by-an-independent-membrane-the-spores-are-enclosed-at-first-within-the-gelatinous-parent-walls-but-later-these-disappear-so-that-the-whole-mycelium-is-transformed-into-a-pulverulent-mass-of-spores-in-tilletia-and-entyloma-the-sp-RDX0XN.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. VIl] USTILAGINALES 187 In the regions where the formation of brand-spores is to take place, the mycehum becomes richly branched and often swollen and gelatinous. In Ustilago and Sphacelotheca the sporogenous hyphae are divided into a number of short segments in each of which the contents form a spore surrounded by an independent membrane. The spores are enclosed at first within the gelatinous parent walls, but later these disappear so that the whole mycelium is transformed into a pulverulent mass of spores. In Tilletia and Entyloma the sp Stock Photo")
RMRDX0XN–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. VIl] USTILAGINALES 187 In the regions where the formation of brand-spores is to take place, the mycehum becomes richly branched and often swollen and gelatinous. In Ustilago and Sphacelotheca the sporogenous hyphae are divided into a number of short segments in each of which the contents form a spore surrounded by an independent membrane. The spores are enclosed at first within the gelatinous parent walls, but later these disappear so that the whole mycelium is transformed into a pulverulent mass of spores. In Tilletia and Entyloma the sp
RMPG4GNW–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 142 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fig. 97.—Mycelium showing septation and branching. After Stevens and Hall. the host's tissue the hyphal threads are thicker, richer in proto- plasm, more septate, and much more branched and crooked than outside of the host. Aerial hyphal filaments when they touch a solid repeatedly branch in close compact fashion form- ing the attachment organs. At the exhaustion of the food supply and the consequent term- ination of the vegetative period the mycelium becomes very dense in spots and within t
RMRDDWN2–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CYSTOPUS. 123 Cystopus (Albugo). The mycelium is branched and grows between the cells of living plants, obtaining its nourishment by means of haustoria. The conidial cushions rupture the epidermis of the host. The conidia or sporangia are smooth-coated, and are produced acropetally in chains on short stalks from which they fall off separately when ripe. The sporangia germinate and discharge. Fig. 33.—Cystopvs candid
RMPG4B6B–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. TUBERCTJLINA. Tuberculina. 32r Mycelium parasitic on hyphae and spore-patches of Uredineae. Short rod-like hyphae spring from the spore-patches, and give ofi' from their apices, globose conidia, which on germination produce branched promycelia bearing sickle-shaped conidia.. Fig. 179.—ScMifizia cypericola on Ct/perus Jkivescens. Several roots show palmately- divided swellings. Isolated spore. (After Magnus.) Tubercu
RMRDJFTP–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 142 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS. Fig. 43. Bean Seedlings attacked by Pythium (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) The fungus. The mycelium, like that of most Peronosporaceas, is delicate, more or less variable in diameter, and much branched. The branches are, for a time, at least, smaller than the parent hyphae. The protoplasm is densely granular in the growing. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colo
RMPG3XDH–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 177. Ephibe pubescetis, Fr. A branched Blifonu thallus of Stigonema with the hyphae of the Fungus ^towing thrbugh its gelatinous membranes. Extremity of a branch of the thallus with a young lateral branch a; h hyphae, g cells of the Alga, gs the apex of the thallus After Sachs. Magn. 500 times. Fig. 178. Eptube pubtsUHS, Fr. A branched filiform thallus of Siigonema with hyphae of the Fungus growing through its gelatinous membranes, a tip of the thallus after bein
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 102 SYMBIOSIS. much and become club-shaped or dichotomously branched bodies without power of division, which may be designated " bacteroids." ^ Brunchorst found the contents of the bacteroids. Fig. 23.—Rhizobium teguminosarum, Root*tubercles on Robinia Fseudacacia (V. Tubeuf phot.) to disappear at the time of the fruit-formation of the host- plant. A small number of microbe-bodies still remain, according t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDDWPM/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-102-symbiosis-much-and-become-club-shaped-or-dichotomously-branched-bodies-without-power-of-division-which-may-be-designated-quot-bacteroidsquot-brunchorst-found-the-contents-of-the-bacteroids-fig-23rhizobium-teguminosarum-roottubercles-on-robinia-fseudacacia-v-tubeuf-phot-to-disappear-at-the-time-of-the-fruit-formation-of-the-host-plant-a-small-number-of-microbe-bodies-still-remain-according-t-RDDWPM.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 102 SYMBIOSIS. much and become club-shaped or dichotomously branched bodies without power of division, which may be designated " bacteroids." ^ Brunchorst found the contents of the bacteroids. Fig. 23.—Rhizobium teguminosarum, Root*tubercles on Robinia Fseudacacia (V. Tubeuf phot.) to disappear at the time of the fruit-formation of the host- plant. A small number of microbe-bodies still remain, according t Stock Photo")
RMRDDWPM–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 102 SYMBIOSIS. much and become club-shaped or dichotomously branched bodies without power of division, which may be designated " bacteroids." ^ Brunchorst found the contents of the bacteroids. Fig. 23.—Rhizobium teguminosarum, Root*tubercles on Robinia Fseudacacia (V. Tubeuf phot.) to disappear at the time of the fruit-formation of the host- plant. A small number of microbe-bodies still remain, according t
![. Timber and some of its diseases. Timber; Trees. IX.] HEALING OF WOUNDS BY OCCLUSION. 221 trees. All its tissues dry up, and its cortex, cambium, &c., are rapidly destroyed by saprophytic fungi, and in a short time we find only a hard, dry, branched stick projecting from the tree. At the extreme base,. Fig. 33—Base of a strong branch which had perished naturally twenty-four years previously to the stage figured. The branch decayed, and the base was gradually occluded by the thickening layers of the stem : the fall of the rotting branch did not occur till six years ago, however, and can be Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFXCPK/timber-and-some-of-its-diseases-timber-trees-ix-healing-of-wounds-by-occlusion-221-trees-all-its-tissues-dry-up-and-its-cortex-cambium-ampc-are-rapidly-destroyed-by-saprophytic-fungi-and-in-a-short-time-we-find-only-a-hard-dry-branched-stick-projecting-from-the-tree-at-the-extreme-base-fig-33base-of-a-strong-branch-which-had-perished-naturally-twenty-four-years-previously-to-the-stage-figured-the-branch-decayed-and-the-base-was-gradually-occluded-by-the-thickening-layers-of-the-stem-the-fall-of-the-rotting-branch-did-not-occur-till-six-years-ago-however-and-can-be-PFXCPK.jpg ". Timber and some of its diseases. Timber; Trees. IX.] HEALING OF WOUNDS BY OCCLUSION. 221 trees. All its tissues dry up, and its cortex, cambium, &c., are rapidly destroyed by saprophytic fungi, and in a short time we find only a hard, dry, branched stick projecting from the tree. At the extreme base,. Fig. 33—Base of a strong branch which had perished naturally twenty-four years previously to the stage figured. The branch decayed, and the base was gradually occluded by the thickening layers of the stem : the fall of the rotting branch did not occur till six years ago, however, and can be Stock Photo")
RMPFXCPK–. Timber and some of its diseases. Timber; Trees. IX.] HEALING OF WOUNDS BY OCCLUSION. 221 trees. All its tissues dry up, and its cortex, cambium, &c., are rapidly destroyed by saprophytic fungi, and in a short time we find only a hard, dry, branched stick projecting from the tree. At the extreme base,. Fig. 33—Base of a strong branch which had perished naturally twenty-four years previously to the stage figured. The branch decayed, and the base was gradually occluded by the thickening layers of the stem : the fall of the rotting branch did not occur till six years ago, however, and can be
RMRDJFFB–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 192 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS On blighted branches of the peach the mycelium has been found (Smith) to grow most abundantly in the cambium and soft bast, these tissues disappearing in large measure with the forma- tion of extensive gum pockets (Fig. 71). The conidiophores arise as short hyphae, which soon become septate at the extremities, branched and nodulose. The branching proceeds in an indefinite and usually irregular or semidichotomous fashion (Fig. 72, a and b). From the ap
RMPG0R6M–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 120 PHYCoarrcETES. tufts, and form a white border round the brown parts of the leaf; they are monopodially branched and produce terminal sporangia (gonidia), which are easily detached. The sporangia on germination either pro- duce a varying number of zoospores, or germinate directly like conidia to form a mycelium capable of pro- ducing new conidia. The potato-disease is distin- guished from Phytophthora omnivora in
RMRDCY1M–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 498 FUNGI IMPERFECTI. exhibit reddish or yellow spots; therein the mycelium spreads rapidly and gives off tufts of eonidiophores which rupture the epidermis. The eonidiophores are septate, branched, and give off chains of unicellular oval conidia. Meanwhile the affected fruit becomes rotten and gradually shrivels up, it remains, however, hanging on the tree throughout the winter. During. Please note that these image
RMPG401E–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. fungus penetrates the rind and other fibrous portions of the lemon to a considerable extent; it is much branched, irregular in diameter, and extensive. Upon the lemon, as a rule, no form of spore is produced, but there is developed frequently a con- spicuous aerial growth due to the emergence of many mycelial branches. In some cases these are produced in more or less tuber- culate masses. Conidia and sporangia appear under favorable conditions. In moist soil near affected fruit the
RMRE2MXP–. Elementary botany. Botany. FUNGI CONTINUED: CLASSIFICATION. 221 h. FoliaceoHS lichens, the plant body is leaflike and lobed and more or less loosely attached by rhizoids: Parmelia, Peltigera- etc.. Fig. 251a. Rock lichen (Parmelia contigua). c. Fndkose lichens, the plant body is filamentous or band-like and branched, as in Usnea, Cladonia, etc.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Atkinson, George Francis, 185
RMPG4BP0–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 99.—Cucurbitaria Idburni. A, Stroma with pycnidia containing minute unicellular conidia. B, One of the large smooth pycnidia. (After v. Tubeuf.) The mature perithecia have a peridium consisting of a loose pseudoparenchyma with a rough warty exterior and a pore set in a distinct depression (Fig. 100.) The paraphyses are long, strong threads, often branched, and between them arise the long cylindrical asci with r
RMRE1GPC–. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. Fig. 6. —Catocera viscosa. ture Las been specially illustrated by M. Tulasne,* tlirough tliu common species, Tremella mesenterica. This latter is of a fine golden yellow colour, and rather large size. It is uniformly composed throughout of a colourless mucilage, with no appreciable texture, in which are distributed Very fine, diversely branched and anastomosing filaments. Towards the snrface, the ultimate branches of tbis filamentous network give birth, both at their summits and laterally, to globular cells, which ac- quire a comparatively la
RMPG44E4–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC DISEASES OF PLANTS 489 bases as well, and the mycelium finally grows into the stem killing its tissue which becomes soft and broken down (Fig. 170). The variety known as Mrs. Thomas W. Lawson is especially susceptible. Rust {Uromyces caryophyllinus (Schrank). Wint.—This disease was practically unknown in the United States prior to 1890, but now it. Fig. 170.—Carnation alternariose (AUernaria dianlhi). i, Branched, septile my- celium; 2, hyphEE below surface
RMRDDWK8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PLASMOPARA. 129 the Vine. This parasite was introduced into Europe from America.^ It makes its appearance in early summer as white patches on the under surfaces of leaves, sometimes also on stalks and fruit. In the course of the summer the leaves show brown spots and dry up. The white patches consist of tufts of branched conidiophores, from which ovoid conidia are abjointed. These on germina-. FiG. 40.—Ptasmopara vi
RMPG0R54–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 128 PHYCOMYCETES. arise in tufts from the stomata; they are branched in various ways, and from each branchlet a single conidium is abjointed. The contents of the conidia emerge as swarming cells with two lateral cilia, or as vesicles which emit a germ-tube. The egg-cells occur singly in each oogonium, and are fertilized by an antheridium. The oospores remain long enclosed in the thick-walled oogonium.. Fig. S9.Ploj
RMRDEFKJ–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. MILDEWS AND RELATED FUNGI 157 spJuera (Fig. 54) dichotomously branched. These appendages prob- ably assist in the distribution of the perithecium, serving to attach the perithecia to plants, if wind-borne, or to the bodies of insects by which they are carried to other plants. The number of asci found in a perithecium and the number and character of the spores in the asci vary generically (see Appendix VIII, pages 721-726). As the fungi of this family are especially suitable for systemat
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 610 THE FUNGI WHICH. CAUSE PLANT DISEASE A genus of some seventy-five species. C. glomerulosum Sacc. on Juniperus leaves is often reported as Sporodesmium glomerulosum. C. carpophUum (L6v.) Aderh.*^- '"â ^''^' *^^ Aderhold by inocu- lations, properly controlled, showed this fungus capable of causing gummosis of prunaceous hosts though C. herbarium did not do so. Effuse, hyphsB simple or short-branched, densely aggregated, septate, conidia elongate-fusoid, obtuse, 4 to 5-septate, slightly con- stricted at the septa. It is commo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG45H4/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-610-the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-a-genus-of-some-seventy-five-species-c-glomerulosum-sacc-on-juniperus-leaves-is-often-reported-as-sporodesmium-glomerulosum-c-carpophuum-l6v-aderh-quot-aderhold-by-inocu-lations-properly-controlled-showed-this-fungus-capable-of-causing-gummosis-of-prunaceous-hosts-though-c-herbarium-did-not-do-so-effuse-hyphsb-simple-or-short-branched-densely-aggregated-septate-conidia-elongate-fusoid-obtuse-4-to-5-septate-slightly-con-stricted-at-the-septa-it-is-commo-PG45H4.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 610 THE FUNGI WHICH. CAUSE PLANT DISEASE A genus of some seventy-five species. C. glomerulosum Sacc. on Juniperus leaves is often reported as Sporodesmium glomerulosum. C. carpophUum (L6v.) Aderh.*^- '"â ^''^' *^^ Aderhold by inocu- lations, properly controlled, showed this fungus capable of causing gummosis of prunaceous hosts though C. herbarium did not do so. Effuse, hyphsB simple or short-branched, densely aggregated, septate, conidia elongate-fusoid, obtuse, 4 to 5-septate, slightly con- stricted at the septa. It is commo Stock Photo")
RMPG45H4–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 610 THE FUNGI WHICH. CAUSE PLANT DISEASE A genus of some seventy-five species. C. glomerulosum Sacc. on Juniperus leaves is often reported as Sporodesmium glomerulosum. C. carpophUum (L6v.) Aderh.*^- '"â ^''^' *^^ Aderhold by inocu- lations, properly controlled, showed this fungus capable of causing gummosis of prunaceous hosts though C. herbarium did not do so. Effuse, hyphsB simple or short-branched, densely aggregated, septate, conidia elongate-fusoid, obtuse, 4 to 5-septate, slightly con- stricted at the septa. It is commo
RMRE1GPE–. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. STEUCTUEB. 25. Fig. 6. —Catocera viscosa. ture Las been specially illustrated by M. Tulasne,* tlirough tliu common species, Tremella mesenterica. This latter is of a fine golden yellow colour, and rather large size. It is uniformly composed throughout of a colourless mucilage, with no appreciable texture, in which are distributed Very fine, diversely branched and anastomosing filaments. Towards the snrface, the ultimate branches of tbis filamentous network give birth, both at their summits and laterally, to globular cells, which ac- quire a c
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 592 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE P. oiyzse; but morphological characters and inoculation experi- ments indicate their identity on various other grasses. P. caudata A. & S. occurs on cacao. To the Moniliacese-scolecosporae belongs only one genus: Cercosporella Saccardo Hyaline throughout; conidiophores simple or branched; conidia filiform, many-septate. Distinguished from Cercospora only in color. The genus contains some seventy species of parasites. C. persicae Sacc."* Conidiophores cespitose, on discolored areas, f Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG45JE/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-592-the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-p-oiyzse-but-morphological-characters-and-inoculation-experi-ments-indicate-their-identity-on-various-other-grasses-p-caudata-a-amp-s-occurs-on-cacao-to-the-moniliacese-scolecosporae-belongs-only-one-genus-cercosporella-saccardo-hyaline-throughout-conidiophores-simple-or-branched-conidia-filiform-many-septate-distinguished-from-cercospora-only-in-color-the-genus-contains-some-seventy-species-of-parasites-c-persicae-saccquot-conidiophores-cespitose-on-discolored-areas-f-PG45JE.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 592 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE P. oiyzse; but morphological characters and inoculation experi- ments indicate their identity on various other grasses. P. caudata A. & S. occurs on cacao. To the Moniliacese-scolecosporae belongs only one genus: Cercosporella Saccardo Hyaline throughout; conidiophores simple or branched; conidia filiform, many-septate. Distinguished from Cercospora only in color. The genus contains some seventy species of parasites. C. persicae Sacc."* Conidiophores cespitose, on discolored areas, f Stock Photo")
RMPG45JE–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 592 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE P. oiyzse; but morphological characters and inoculation experi- ments indicate their identity on various other grasses. P. caudata A. & S. occurs on cacao. To the Moniliacese-scolecosporae belongs only one genus: Cercosporella Saccardo Hyaline throughout; conidiophores simple or branched; conidia filiform, many-septate. Distinguished from Cercospora only in color. The genus contains some seventy species of parasites. C. persicae Sacc."* Conidiophores cespitose, on discolored areas, f
RMRDTN9R–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 102 PYRENOMYCETES [CH. Leptosphaeria includes some 500 species characterized by the papillate or conical ostiole, usually free from hairs. The majority are saprophytes on plant remains, some are parasites on land plants, and some on the Red Algae. L. Lemaneae occurs on the thalliis of various species oi Lemanea {?ig. 121). The mycelium consists of uninucleate cells and ramifies in the intercellular spaces of the host, sending branched haustoria into the cells. Here and there the hyphae are dilated (fig. 122 a, b), and in these regions sho
RMPG4HC9–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 12 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Capillitium in part hyaline Sporangium vaselike, or more or less tubu- lar Opening irregularly 5. Physarella. Opening by a lid 6. Crateiium. Sporangia various, dehiscence irregular CapiUitium evenly branched; the calca- reous nodes small, fusiform 7. Tilmadoche. CapiUitium intricate 8. Physaium, p. 12. The species of Fuligo produce very large yellowish plasmodia which change to yellowish or brownish aethalia. Some are credited with damage similar to that of the preceding species.^* Physarum Pe
RMRDBTME–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—MVCORINI. ^52, turn in a hair-point; the lateral branches of the last order swell into irregularly capitate basidia, from the short slender sterigmata of which 8-20 spherical spores are simultaneously abjointed. Similar sporiferous structures with hair-points are formed on the terminal ramifications of copiously branched gonidiophores, which rise in a curve into the air from well-fed mycelia in a similar manner to the stolons of Rhizopus
RMPG401T–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 146 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS. fungus penetrates the rind and other fibrous portions of the lemon to a considerable extent; it is much branched, irregular in diameter, and extensive. Upon the lemon, as a rule, no form of spore is produced, but there is developed frequently a con- spicuous aerial growth due to the emergence of many mycelial branches. In some cases these are produced in more or less tuber- culate masses. Conidia and sporangia appear under favorable conditions. In mo
RMRDXHFW–. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. THE CARPOPHORE 23. according to the different genera. In certain cases, as in Aspergillus and Bhopalomyces, they are simple and unbranched up to the top (Fig. 7), but in the larger number of genera they are branched in the upper portion. Very often a great number of these car- pophores are produced in a large woolly- looking patch, not rarely for an inch or two in length. Endo- genous moulds, which produce mycelium in the interior of the tissues, send up little tufts of
RMPG3T0M–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 306.—Monilia fi-uctigena. A, Apple showing the grey conldial patches as more or less concentric lines. S^ Young Peach, smivelled up in consequence of attack, (v. Tubeuf del.) next spring, when the fruit is again moist, further conidia are given off. Infection takes place by wounds or even through the epidermis of young leaves and blossoms. The conidia have. Fig. 307.—Monilia frucliqena. Branched conidiophore wi
RMRDJFJM–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PHYCOMYCETES 163 an acute stage. Older onions are apparently more susceptible than young, and recovery in the former case is seldom. The fungus. The mycelium is considerable, and it penetrates practically all parts of the leaf. The minute haustoria are numerous,. Fig. 57. Onion Mildew (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) Fig. 58. Mature Conidiophore, Germinat- ing CONIDIUM, AND MYCELIUM OF ONION Peronospora. (c after Whetzel) thread-like, and often branched at the tip. The conidiophores a
RMPG454W–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 148 MYCOLOGY (Fig. sO has a copious literature. Lafar cites forty workers of recent date, who have studied it. The physician finds it as an occupant of. Fig. so.—Aspergillus nidulans. A, Mycelium with conidiophores; B, branched conidiophore; C, spore chains at end of conidiophore; D, small conidiophores; E, young fruit showing development of covering; F, hyphae with swollen ends; G, hypha from interior of fruit-body; H, hyphae with young asci; J, developing perithe- cium. {See Die nalii
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 177- PucciniaFalcariae; branched fertile cell of aecidium or primary uredosorus, x 1200; after Dittschlag. Fig. 178. Phragmidiicm Potentillae-Canadensis Diet.; a. conjugation; b. branched fertile cell; after Christman.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Gwynne-Vaughan, Helen Charlotte Isabella (Fraser) Dame, 1879-. Cambridge [Eng] University Press Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX0KC/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-fig-177-pucciniafalcariae-branched-fertile-cell-of-aecidium-or-primary-uredosorus-x-1200-after-dittschlag-fig-178-phragmidiicm-potentillae-canadensis-diet-a-conjugation-b-branched-fertile-cell-after-christman-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-gwynne-vaughan-helen-charlotte-isabella-fraser-dame-1879-cambridge-eng-university-press-RDX0KC.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 177- PucciniaFalcariae; branched fertile cell of aecidium or primary uredosorus, x 1200; after Dittschlag. Fig. 178. Phragmidiicm Potentillae-Canadensis Diet.; a. conjugation; b. branched fertile cell; after Christman.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Gwynne-Vaughan, Helen Charlotte Isabella (Fraser) Dame, 1879-. Cambridge [Eng] University Press Stock Photo")
RMRDX0KC–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 177- PucciniaFalcariae; branched fertile cell of aecidium or primary uredosorus, x 1200; after Dittschlag. Fig. 178. Phragmidiicm Potentillae-Canadensis Diet.; a. conjugation; b. branched fertile cell; after Christman.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Gwynne-Vaughan, Helen Charlotte Isabella (Fraser) Dame, 1879-. Cambridge [Eng] University Press
RMPG4GYC–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 92 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE into several distinct species. It is limited to the Compositse, Helianthus and Madia being the only hosts of economic impor- tance. Hypophyllous; conidiophores fasciculate, slender, 300-750 n, 3-5 times branched, ultimate branchlets 8-15 m long, verticillate. Fio. 63.—P. viticola. A, section of a leaf with conidiophores emerg- ing from a stoma; C, formation of swarm spores; D, formation of oospores. After Millardet. below the apex of the branching axis which is frequently swollen and ganglion-
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDD8B8/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-sclerotinia-257-leaves-of-vaccinium-vitis-idaea-exhibit-in-spring-a-mould-like-coating-consisting-of-chains-of-lemon-shaped-conidia-woronin-thus-describes-it-quot-in-the-outer-layers-of-the-cortex-amongst-the-dying-elements-a-pseudoparenchymatous-cushion-is-formed-from-which-simple-or-dichotomously-branched-hyphae-grow-out-through-the-overlying-cuticle-the-individual-members-of-the-chains-of-conidia-are-s-RDD8B8.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s Stock Photo")
RMRDD8B8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s
RMPG46E3–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 183.—M. citrullina, A. pycnidium (Diplodia) in seo- tion, B, perithecium; C, 3scus and spores. After Grossea- bacber. of small, elliptic, continuous, brown conidia in simple or branched chains. It is the cause of serious disease in Europe, being especially injurious to cereals after a rainy season preceded by a drought and is found also parasitic on pea, apple, raspberry, cycad, agave and as a saprophyte almost anywhere. M. stratifonnans Cobb, affects sugar cane. The perithecial stage alone is known.^^^ Further study is desira
RMRE1GM0–. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. 66 FUNGI. almost even. In the two remaining orders, there is a still further divergence from the mushroom form. In the one called Olavariei, the entire fungus is either simply cylindrical or club-shaped, or it is very much branched and ramified. Whatever form the fungus assumes, the hymeninm covers the whole exposed surface. In the Tremellini, a peculiar structure prevails, which at first seems to agree but little with the preceding. The whole plant is gelatinous when fresh, lobed and convolute, often brain-like, and varying in size, accordin
RMPG44XF–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 220 MYCOLOGY are Dacryomyces, Guepinia, Calocera. Dacryomyces deliquescens forms gelatinous, or gristly, lumps on tree stumps. Guepinia peziza is sapro- phytic on oak stumps. Calocera viscosa is a branched upright form suggesting the true coral fungi. Family 2. ExOBASiDiACEiE.âThe mycelium of the fungi of this famUy lives parasitically in the chlorenchyma of many shrubs. The fruit body is a thin basidial layer, which breaks out of the tissues of the host. Each basidium develops four bas
![. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. Fig. lo.—Oidium, showing the various vegetative and reproductive elements. :| X 3 so (Grawitz). • i fungi. Some are correctly placed among the "Imperfect fungi," some among the Ascomycetes, and some among the Phycomy-. Fig. II.—Oidium (Kolle and Wassermann). cetes. They are all active enzymic agents and produce fer- mentative and putrefactive changes. I. Achorion.—The organisms of this genus are characterized by a more or less branched hypha, 3 Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE0HXT/a-text-book-upon-the-pathogenic-bacteria-and-protozoa-for-students-of-medicine-and-physicians-bacteriology-pathogenic-bacteria-protozoa-fig-looidium-showing-the-various-vegetative-and-reproductive-elements-x-3-so-grawitz-i-fungi-some-are-correctly-placed-among-the-quotimperfect-fungiquot-some-among-the-ascomycetes-and-some-among-the-phycomy-fig-iioidium-kolle-and-wassermann-cetes-they-are-all-active-enzymic-agents-and-produce-fer-mentative-and-putrefactive-changes-i-achorionthe-organisms-of-this-genus-are-characterized-by-a-more-or-less-branched-hypha-3-RE0HXT.jpg ". A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. Fig. lo.—Oidium, showing the various vegetative and reproductive elements. :| X 3 so (Grawitz). • i fungi. Some are correctly placed among the "Imperfect fungi," some among the Ascomycetes, and some among the Phycomy-. Fig. II.—Oidium (Kolle and Wassermann). cetes. They are all active enzymic agents and produce fer- mentative and putrefactive changes. I. Achorion.—The organisms of this genus are characterized by a more or less branched hypha, 3 Stock Photo")
RMRE0HXT–. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. Fig. lo.—Oidium, showing the various vegetative and reproductive elements. :| X 3 so (Grawitz). • i fungi. Some are correctly placed among the "Imperfect fungi," some among the Ascomycetes, and some among the Phycomy-. Fig. II.—Oidium (Kolle and Wassermann). cetes. They are all active enzymic agents and produce fer- mentative and putrefactive changes. I. Achorion.—The organisms of this genus are characterized by a more or less branched hypha, 3
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. Fig. i8i. Puffballs to mistake for a puffball a "button" or "&gg" of some other kind of f n « â ^"^' '^^' ° â A Coral Mushroom Coral Mushrooms, or Cla- varias, CLavariacea. â These grow either in the form of single clubs or many- branched masses. The spores are shed from the entire surface of the branches. So far as is known, all the clavarias that j.^^ ^g ^ morel are of any size are edible. Morels, Cup Fungi, Discomycetes. â These have a stem and cap, but unlike most mushrooms the spores are borne in pits distributed over t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4A20/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-fig-i8i-puffballs-to-mistake-for-a-puffball-a-quotbuttonquot-or-quotampggquot-of-some-other-kind-of-f-n-quot-a-coral-mushroom-coral-mushrooms-or-cla-varias-clavariacea-these-grow-either-in-the-form-of-single-clubs-or-many-branched-masses-the-spores-are-shed-from-the-entire-surface-of-the-branches-so-far-as-is-known-all-the-clavarias-that-j-g-morel-are-of-any-size-are-edible-morels-cup-fungi-discomycetes-these-have-a-stem-and-cap-but-unlike-most-mushrooms-the-spores-are-borne-in-pits-distributed-over-t-PG4A20.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. Fig. i8i. Puffballs to mistake for a puffball a "button" or "&gg" of some other kind of f n « â ^"^' '^^' ° â A Coral Mushroom Coral Mushrooms, or Cla- varias, CLavariacea. â These grow either in the form of single clubs or many- branched masses. The spores are shed from the entire surface of the branches. So far as is known, all the clavarias that j.^^ ^g ^ morel are of any size are edible. Morels, Cup Fungi, Discomycetes. â These have a stem and cap, but unlike most mushrooms the spores are borne in pits distributed over t Stock Photo")
RMPG4A20–. Nature study and life. Nature study. Fig. i8i. Puffballs to mistake for a puffball a "button" or "&gg" of some other kind of f n « â ^"^' '^^' ° â A Coral Mushroom Coral Mushrooms, or Cla- varias, CLavariacea. â These grow either in the form of single clubs or many- branched masses. The spores are shed from the entire surface of the branches. So far as is known, all the clavarias that j.^^ ^g ^ morel are of any size are edible. Morels, Cup Fungi, Discomycetes. â These have a stem and cap, but unlike most mushrooms the spores are borne in pits distributed over t
RMRDE6P8–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 115 reproductive structures in the form of conidia. These may be borne singly or in rows on simple or branched conidiophores. The conidiophores may be single or variously grouped in columns or layers. Figs. 352, 378, 382. In some instances they are very. Fig. 75.—Sphsrotheca castagnei. Fertilization and de- velopment of the perithecium. Og= oogonium, an= antheridium, st= stalk-cell. 6 as the ascogonium derived from the oogonium. After Harper. short, innate; again they are long, loose or floccosc.
RMPG45HP–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 404. — Cycloconium oleaginum. After Boyer. Fio. 405.— Clodosporium cu- cumerinum, mycelium, a hyphal knot, conidiophore and spores. After Hum- phrey. D. conjunctum (Bon) Sacc. is reported as a parasite of the geranium Cladosporium Link (p. 602) Hyphse decumbent, intricately-branched, olivaceous; conidia globose to ovoid, greenish. In part=MycosphaBrella. See p. 243. Some one hundred seventy-five species, many of them of economic importance. C. fasciculate Fr. on hyacinth=Pleospora hyacinthi. See p. 260. C. herbarum (Pers.) Lk.
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