RMPG452K–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. i8o MYCOLOGY. Fig. 62.—Germination of smut spores.' a, Chlamydospores; b, basidium; S, basidiospores; d, infection threads; e, detached pieces of mycelia; /, knee-joints, i. Germination of Ustilago avencB in 1/50 per cent, acetic acid 24 to 48 hours after being placed in liquid. 2. Same as in i but in distilled water. 3. Germination of Ustil- ago levis in Cohn's modified solution at end of 24 hours. 4. Same as 3 but at end of 2 or 3 days. 5. Germination of [/i(t/ago (rt(ict in Cohn's mo
RMRGMMWH–. Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Agriculture -- Massachusetts. Fig. 1.—Young mycelium from culture. -Old mycelium, showing chlamydospores. diameter. The manner of branching and septation is shown in Fig. 1. When the myceUum is young the walls are thin and not constricted, or, at most, only slightly constricted, at the septa. The contents consist of homogeneous protoplasm. Both the walls and contents are colorless, and when seen in mass, in pure cul- ture, look like white cotton. But when the mj'celium be- comes older it be- comes brown, the hypha^ are gnarled and twi
RMREF8KY–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 174 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI tion. This same manner of formation of conidia we will meet again in the following order in the Erysiphaceae, only there the spore membrane does not rupture. With the progress of the disease, the conidia disappear and there appears on infected roots, a dark covering of brown, thick-walled gemmae (chlamydospores) which arise catenulately and are liberated as the hyphae disintegrate (Fig. 108, 3). Later, when the roots are dead, there appear shining black perithecia whose ontogeny and whose connection with both imperfe
RMRGMMW5–. Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Agriculture -- Massachusetts. Fig. 1.—Young mycelium from culture. -Old mycelium, showing chlamydospores. diameter. The manner of branching and septation is shown in Fig. 1. When the myceUum is young the walls are thin and not constricted, or, at most, only slightly constricted, at the septa. The contents consist of homogeneous protoplasm. Both the walls and contents are colorless, and when seen in mass, in pure cul- ture, look like white cotton. But when the mj'celium be- comes older it be- comes brown, the hypha^ are gnarled and twi
RMRE4JRD–. A text-book of bacteriology; a practical treatise for students and practitioners of medicine. Bacteriology. HYPHOMYCETES 643 studied later, by Sabouraud.^ The fungi consist of finely interlaced narrow septate mycelia, within which characteristic swellings appear. From these swellings, chlamydospores develop. Hypha, both aerial and deep, grow out of the mycehal threads, on the ends of which ascospores may develop. In the diseased skin, the fungi grow chiefly within the hair sheath, causing an area of secondary inflammation about the base of the hair. The infection probably begins first in the
RMRE4GXK–. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. Cultivation 439 mycelial threads into which these grow, and of chlamydospores and conidia. The yeast-like elements measure 5 to 6 /i in length and 4 /i in breadth. They have an oval form and cannot be distinguished from yeast cells. The mycelia are formed by elongation of these elements, some of which appear slightly elongate, some greatly elongate and slender and more or less septate, like those of the true molds. They are refractile, doubly contoured,
RMREFA5T–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 8 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI they are called conidiophores and the spores themselves conidia (Fig. 6). A special type of thick-walled conidium is called a chlamydospore or, in the resting state of the mycelium, a gemma. Chlamydospores have an entirely different morphological significance in different orders, as we shall see in the course of this book. In the higher fungi, the hyphae forming the conidiophores show a tendency to come together into groups or fructifications. When these groups have the form of fascicles, they are called coremia; if th
RMRDJ67R–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 342 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS appearance which often greatly depreciates its market value. The tissue beneath the spots is dry and brown. The fungus. The first studies upon this disease seemed to indi- cate that it was not produced by a fungus, but recent studies .have demonstrated the causal relation of a fungus which seems to be properly a species of Cylindrosporium, as the title suggests. The mycelium is hyaline, septate, and intercellular. Chlamydospores are common in the host
RMRE0PA8–. Agricultural botany, theoretical and practical. Botany, Economic; Botany. 732 FUNGI produce the fungus there. However, if they are carried by the wind or other means to the leaves of wheat plants, each aecidiospore produces one or two germ-tubes which enter through the stomata of the wheat leaves and give rise to a mycelium from which uredospores are produced. We thus observe that during its life-cycle the fungus bears three different forms of chlamydospores, namely, secidiospores on the barberry in spring, uredospores on wheat in summer, and teleutospores in late summer also on wheat. The t
RMRE0PBC–. Agricultural botany, theoretical and practical. Botany, Economic; Botany. ' SMUT ' OF OATS 717 healthy, the straw very rarely showing any evidence of ' smut.' It is generally observed that when one ear is destroyed, all the others produced by the same plant are similarly injured. ' Smut' is known in some localities as ' dust-brand,' and 'chimney-sweeper,' and in former times frequently destroyed from 30 to 50 per cent, of the oat crop on some farms. Cause.—The ' smut' or sooty powder is composed of thousands of chlamydospores of the fungus Ustilago avems Jens. Each chlamydospore (Fig. 240) i
RMRE3H19–. Pathogenic micro-organisms. A text-book of microbiology for physicians and students of medicine. (Based upon Williams' Bacteriology). Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria. MOLDS AND YEASTS AND DISEASES' CAUSED BY THEM 245 in the substratum but also extending into the air. The peripheral threads are divided by septa to form chains of oval or spherical conidia. This mold may be readily obtained for study by making plate cultures from compressed yeast.. Fig. 97.—Oidium albicans. A deep colony on a plate culture of the liquefying variety, showing chlamydospores. (After Plant.) Oidium Albicans (Moni
RMRE7T0T–. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Corn; Smut diseases. Fig. 7. Camera-lucida drawings of germinating: chla- mydospores of Ustilago maydis, showing diverse types of germination (Kernkamp and Petty, 182). about 10 C for a year or two without losing its viability. Chlamydospores lose their viability in silage after a few weeks (260). This may also happen when they are mixed with manure, especially if fermentation or heating takes place; or if the spores come in contact with destructive agents such as acids, alkalies, and antibiotics. It is generally assumed that sporidia mul- tiply and persi
RMRE0PAK–. Agricultural botany, theoretical and practical. Botany, Economic; Botany. 728 FUNGI great numbers of chlamydospores which are shed off from the mycelium of the parasite living within the tissues of the wheat leaf. The chlamydospores are the summer spores of the fungus and are termed uredospores. They are single cells of oval form {A, Fig. 246). The outer coat of each spore is thick, and when mature is covered with very short fine spines; in it are four thin places or germ-pores, situated at even intervals around its Fig. 246.—a, Uredospore of p«c- smallest circumference. The inner czaia^rami
RMRH92KP–. Botany for agricultural students. Plants. CORN SMUT 395 The Smut of Oats, Stinking Smut of Wheat, and Covered Smut of Barley are very similar in habit and require similar treatment. Sometimes, as in case of the Stinking Smut of Wheat, the infec- tion of the seedling may be due to spores lodged in the soil as well as to spores adhering to the kernel. Loose Smuts of Wheat and Barley. — The Loose Smuts of Wheat and Barley mature and shed their chlamydospores when the grain is in flower. These spores are borne away by the wind and when falling on the flowers of their respective hosts, grow hypha
RMRGWH83–. Bulletin. 1901-13. Agriculture; Agriculture. VARIABILITY OF GLOMERELLA. 65. Fig. 2.—Germinating conidia of Glomerella cingw- lata from a culture from pear, showing the for- mation of chlamydospores after 24 hours in drop cultures of sterile water. PERITHECIA. Perithecia have been found to vary in abundance, size, shape, arrangement, and location with reference to the surface of the me- dium. They are generally glo- bose or subglobose, though some- times elongated or pear shaped. The beak when present is usually very short, though commonly the perithecia are merely papil- late. In rare cases,
RMRDBF8W–. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 73. Violet Diseases. a. Thielavia root rot (after Reddick), b-f stages of the Thielavia fungtis, b. mycelium, c and d. endo- spores, e. and f. chlamydospores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton
RMRDX10N–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. CHAPTER VII HEMIBASIDIOMYCETES USTILAGINALES The Ustilaginales, Brand fungi, Smuts or Bunts, constitute a group of some 400 obligate parasites on the higher plants, giving rise in the tissues of the host to characteristic, usuallydark-coloured resting-spores, the brand-spores, teleutospores or chlamydospores. These are developed in considerable quantities, either singly, in pairs, or in clusters known as spore-balls, and when ripe break through the host tissue, forming a pustule or sorus. No distortion of the host is caused during the per
RMRDCY9H–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. CORN SMUT 395 ^^-4^ The Smut of Oats, Stinking Smut of Wheat, and Covered Smut of Barley are very similar in habit and require similar treatment. Sometimes, as in case of the Stinking Smut of Wheat, the infec- tion of the seedling may be due to spores lodged in the soil as well as to spores adhering to the kernel. Loose Smuts of Wheat and Barley. — The Loose Smuts of Wheat and Barley mature and shed their chlamydospores when the grain is in flower. These spores are borne away by the wind and when falling on the flowers of their respective hosts, gro
RMRDE6P0–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 75.—Sphsrotheca castagnei. Fertilization and de- velopment of the perithecium. Og= oogonium, an= antheridium, st= stalk-cell. 6 as the ascogonium derived from the oogonium. After Harper. short, innate; again they are long, loose or floccosc. They may emerge through stomata singly or in tufts or they may form sporo- genous cushions below the epidermis or again they may be borne inside of a hollow structure, the pycnidium, which covers them. Chlamydospores are also found. One or several distinct types of sporification may belong
RMRDWCXA–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. CORN SMUT 395 The Smut of Oats, Stinking Smut of Wheat, and Covered Smut of Barley are very similar in habit and require similar treatment. Sometimes, as m case of the Stinking Smut of Wheat, the infec- tion of the seedling may be due to spores lodged in the soil as well as to spores adhering to the kernel. Loose Smuts of Wheat and Barley. — The Loose Smuts of Wheat and Barley mature and shed their chlamydospores when the grain is in flower. These spores are borne away by the wind and when falhng on the flowers of their respective hosts, grow h
RMRDDAMN–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 309 when the tissues are soft and actively growing; and that infection is local on the host.^^ It is now known that the chlamydospores are capable of^ger- mination without hibernation and that they remain viable one, two, perhaps more years. It was shown by Brefeld in 1895 that the chlamydo- spores produce conidia in the air freely. It is these, air-borne, arising from spores on the groimd, ma- nure, etc., which are chiefly responsible for infection. They must reach the plant on a susceptible par
RMRE7T0P–. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Corn; Smut diseases. cates that optimum temperature for germination of chlamydospores lies between 20' and 25 C. This was also the most favorable temperature for sporidial and mycelial development. Mrs. Jones (175) obtained somewhat different re- sults: the optimum temperature was between 26" and 34 C. maximum between 56: and 38°C, and spores germinated to a slight extent at ST. which is not necessarily the minimum. Hiittig (153) found the car- dinal temperatures for germination to be: minimum OC. optimum between 20 and 50 C, and maximum just below
RMRGWH7C–. Bulletin. 1901-13. Agriculture; Agriculture. Fig. 2.—Germinating conidia of Glomerella cingw- lata from a culture from pear, showing the for- mation of chlamydospores after 24 hours in drop cultures of sterile water. PERITHECIA. Perithecia have been found to vary in abundance, size, shape, arrangement, and location with reference to the surface of the me- dium. They are generally glo- bose or subglobose, though some- times elongated or pear shaped. The beak when present is usually very short, though commonly the perithecia are merely papil- late. In rare cases, however, they have been found
RMREF916–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 162 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI protoplasm bulges out as a papilla, rupturing the cuticle. When the chlamydospores become entirely empty, the protoplasmic portion is abjointed from the vacuolate portion (Fig. 101, 1). This apical cell forms the young ascus; the vacuolate chlamydospore is called the stipe cell (in systematic literature). The young ascus (Fig. 102, 5) contains a large diploid nucleus formed by the fusion of two hyphal nuclei during the formation of the chlamydo- spore. This nucleus divides thrice. In the first division, the spindle i
RMRE7RY7–. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Corn; Smut diseases. Lbtilago zeae (crou 50) —' (porenty ]T^Z 18 Hi (sporidial) 10 Kz., (mycelial) Germinating F, Chlamydospores. Fig. 21. Growth types of sporidial and mycelial par- ents and germinating Fx chlamydospores showing differ- ences in the production of sporidia and hvphal branches (Kernkamp, 179). segregants mutated so frequently from black to white and to intermediate colors that it was impossible to determine the number of factors involved in the in- heritance of color (Fig. 201. Lu's results suggest that it would be highly desirable to make
RMRDDAP5–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 301 The chlamydospores may be simple or compound, fertile or in part sterile and are variously shaped and marked as described in the genera below. The chlamydospores may germinate at once or after a more or less protracted rest interval. In germination in water or nutrient solution (manure water, etc.) a short tube is protruded, the pro- mycelium, this differing in character in the two families, Figs. 217, 231. From the promycelium of most species there develop conidia, (often called sporidia) 1-
RMRDER8D–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 51. Diseases of the Garden Pea and Bean. a. Thielavia root rot, to the right diseased plant with no root system, to the left healthy, b. stomatal leaf infection by Pseudomonas pisi, c. Sclerotinia libertiana rot on bean pods, d. endospore of Thielavia hasicola, e. chlamydospores of T. basicola.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob J
RMRE7T14–. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Corn; Smut diseases. Fig. 2. Diagram illustrating the life cycle of Vslilago maydis. There are many types of deviation from the one given, especially in germination of chlamydospores and mei- osis (by C. M. Christensen). nothing about nuclear condition, mode of formation, nature of germination, or function in the life cycle. The smutty overgrowth produced by U. maydis on corn (Z. mays L.) and teosinte (E. mexicana Schrad.) has been called by several common names: boil, blister, excrescence, gall, pustule tumor, sorus. and swelling. Until about 1900. the t
RMRDE1H2–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC DISEASES OF PLANTS 505 each cell of which produces a basidiospore. Infection of the nascent tissue at any part of the growing corn plant is accompUshed by the. Fig. 179.—Smut boil of Ustilago zea on ear of corn, developed from one infecte4 kernel. (After Jackson, F. S., Bull. 83, Del. Coll. Agric. Exper. Slat., December, 1908.) basidiospores and not by the chlamydospores (Fig. 181). Wet weather is essential for the growth of the corn and the smut also.. Plea
RMRGKBJ0–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany. . Fig. 43 Raffaelea barbatum (NY—holotype). A, Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. B, Conidia. Massalongo's original collection agrees in almost all details with the description of Cylindro- carpon tonkinense provided by Booth (1966 : 42^13) which was largely based on cultures. The only differences noted were that the chlamydospores tended to be slightly smaller (7-8 urn vs 7-11 urn diam) and the conidiophores somewhat longer, features scarcely meriting taxonomic separation in this group of fungi. Topotype material, collected by Mas
RMRDE65G–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 327 O. Pycnia or pycnial stage I. .Ecia or tecial stage II. Uredinia or uredinia stage III. Telia or telial stage The spores in all cases, except those of the basidiospores and. Fig. 241.—Amphispores, urediuiospores and teliospores of Puccinia vexans. After Holway. pycniospores arise by direct conversion of a mycelial cell into a spore, i. e., they are chlamydospores. Mesospore is a term applied to occasional unicellular forms of teliospores found in Puccinia and related genera which do not usual
RMRGBNBK–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture -- United States. TIMBER STORAGE IN THE EASTERN AND SOUTHERN STATES. These bodies may be borne on short stalks on the mycelial threads (conidia), or the myceliimi itself may break up into short cells (oidia), or specialized thick-walled cells (chlamydospores) may form within the mycelium. The last kind of spore, on account of its thicker wall, is adapted to withstand unfavorable weather conditions; the two former kinds are usually thin w^alled, minute, and readily blown about by the wind. With these fundamental facts in
RMRDJ67H–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 165. Cylindrosporium Pom. (Photographs by Charles Brooks) a, spot induced by inoculation of apple; b, mycelium in agar breaks through it to expose spores and sporophores. The spores are hyaline, from one to five celled, and variously curved and con- torted. They are from 2 to 2.5 fi in diameter and from 15 to 80/a long. The chlamydospores and stromata are probably the agencies that carry the fungus over the winter. Under ordinary conditions of preparing separation cultures thi
RMRGAP65–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. TIMBER STORAGE IN THE EASTERN AND SOUTHERN STATES. These bodies may be borne on short stalks on the mycelial threads (conidia), or the mycelium itself may break up into short cells (oidia), or specialized thick-walled cells (chlamydospores) may form within the mycelium. The last kind of spore, on account of its thicker wall, is adapted to withstand unfavorable weather conditions; the two former kinds are usually thin walled, minute, and readily blown about by the wind. With these fundamental facts in mind, let us now t
RMRE0PB8–. Agricultural botany, theoretical and practical. Botany, Economic; Botany. COVERED SMUT 719 sible to infect one kind of cereal with the ' smut' spores obtained from another species. (ii) Wheat-'Smut' {Ustilago Tritici ]ens.). The fungus destroys the walls of the ovary and the glumes, and the chlamydospores are blown away from the plant before har- vest. Each chlamydospore is round or oval, olive-brown, with a slightly rough outer coat, and on germination produces a promycelium which does not bear conidia. Brefeld states that the entry of'smut'-fungi into wheat takes place through the flowers
RMRE38R4–. Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup;. Fungi. Fig. 39. Ceratophorum setosum. 1. Conidia. ^-. 2. A single conidium. -p. 3. Hyphes aud chlamydospores, cultivated on artificial substrat. -^. 4. A series of chlamydospores. ^. From R 05 b.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lind, Jens Vilhelm August, 1874-; Rostrup, E. (Emil), 1831-1907. Copenhagen, Gyldendalske Boghandel-Nordisk Forlag
RMRD6RGT–. The culture and diseases of the sweet pea. ii6 DISEASES OF THE SWEET PEA. FIG. 14. a Endospores. h c Chlamydospores breaking UP INTO INDIVIDUAL SPORES, d Chloniydosporcs un- broken, f Ascospores. e single perithecium. with a somewhat swollen base and a long tapering cell. The endospores are formed in the apex of this terminal cell and are pushed out of the ruptured end by the growth of the unfragmented protoplasm of the base. They are hyaline, thin walled, and oblong to linear in shape. The chlam-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digita
RMREF90Y–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. TAPHRINALES 163 The position and germination of the chlamydospores in the leaves of the host vary. In T. epiphylla on Alnus incana, (Juel 1921), T. bullata and T. Betulae (Exoascus Betulae) on Betula alba (Eftimiu 1927), the mycelium grows subcuticularly on the leaves and consequently the chlamydospores are formed between the epidermis and cuticle. In T. aurea on poplar, T. Alni-incanae and T. Crataegi, the mycelium appears just below the epidermis. In the majority of the Taphrinales, as in T. deformans, T. institiae and T. Pruni, the vegetative myceli
RMRM7DX9–. Annual report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and the Agricultural Experiment Station. New York State College of Agriculture; Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). 496 Bulletin 315. Colonies spreading, at first hyaline, becoming black with age, zonate in the center, margin entire; mycelium hyaline, septate, 5-6/z, with branches '^c^ almost at right angles, with oval, ellipsoidal, or globose chlamydospores up to 12/x in diameter; articulate with age; conidiophores fuliginous near the apex, almost hyaline at the
RMRM7DWT–. Annual report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and the Agricultural Experiment Station. New York State College of Agriculture; Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Colonies spreading, at first hyaline, becoming black with age, zonate in the center, margin entire; mycelium hyaline, septate, 5-6/z, with branches '^c^ almost at right angles, with oval, ellipsoidal, or globose chlamydospores up to 12/x in diameter; articulate with age; conidiophores fuliginous near the apex, almost hyaline at the base, branched, s
RMRDDAPC–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 300 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE disappearing partially or wholly through gelatinization; fertile my- celium compacting into masses and giving rise to numerous chlam- ydospores formed from its contents. Conidia rarely develop on the exterior of the host. Sori prominent, usually forming dusty or agglutinated spore-masses that break out in definite places on the host or more rarely remain permanently embedded in the tissues. Spores (chlamydospores) light to dark colored, single, in pairs, or in spore-balls, the latter often co
RMRE7RYN–. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Corn; Smut diseases. a chlamydospore may contain 2 nuclei. Ehrlich (85) observed binucleate chlamydospores and cytological studies indicated that the 2 nuclei could be either 2 haploid or 2 diploid or one of each. Some chlamydospores give rise to 2 promycelia. From such a spore, monosporidial cultures of 5 dis- tinct types were isolated (55). These could have been the product of a chlamydospore with more than 1 nucleus or the result of mutation. Delayed reduction.—Meiosis in U. maydis does not always occur in a regular manner. Segregation of factors for s
RMRHG8JR–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. II DAYS 18 AFTER 25 32 FUMIGATION 39 Figure 5. The relationship of percentage of infection of tomato ('Bonnie Best') (^â â #) and inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis- lycopersici (OlIinO) to time after fumigation of soils in which recoloniza- tion by other microorganisms was not inhibited; the pathogen was added 4 days after fumigation at 1000 chlamydospores per gram of soil.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability -
RMRHG8KR–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. DAYS AFTER FUMIGATION Figure 2. The relationship of percentage of infection of tomato ('Bonnie Best') (• •) and inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis- lycopersici (OwiiO) to time after fumigation of soils which were allowed to recolonize naturally; the pathogen was added at 1000 chlamydospores per gram to 1500 g of soil every 7 days and tomato plants were maintained in the infested soil for 14 days under growth-chamber conditions before infection incidence and the inoculum density of the pathogen were
RMRD6RGN–. The culture and diseases of the sweet pea. Sweet peas; Sweet peas. n6 DISEASES OF THE SWEET PEA. fig. 14. a Endospores. b c Chlamydospores breaking up into individual spores, d Chlamydospores un- broken, f Ascospores. e single perithecium. with a somewhat swollen base and a long tapering cell. The endospores are formed in the apex of this terminal cell and are pushed out of the ruptured end by the growth of the unfragmented protoplasm of the base. They are hyaline, thin walled, and oblong to linear in shape. The chlam-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images tha
RMRR30BP–. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. h*J$** Figure 56. Waksmania rosea, schematic repre- sentation of the formation of aerial mycelium and spores (Reproduced from: Lechevalier, M. P. and Lechevalier, H. J. Gen. Microbiol. 17:108, 1957). 4^1. 0 10/lt Figure 57. Waksmania (Microbispora) rosea: A. sporulation; B. chlamydospores; C. germination of conidia (Reproduced from: Xonomura, H. and Ohara, Y. J. Fermentation Technol. 35:307, 1957). recently isolated by Louria and Gordon (I960). Remarks: Thiamine and biotin are es- sential for growth; biotin also controls pig- mentation. Ammonium compounds,
RMRHG8KH–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. II 18 2"5 32 39 DAYS AFTER FUMIGATION 46 Figure J. The relationship of percentage of infection of tomato ('Bonnie Best*) (â¢â â â â â¢) and inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis- lycopersici (OlllllO) to time after fumigation of soils which were amended with three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, one isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus, and one isolate of Penicillium restrictum at 1000 conidia of each isolate per gram of soil; the pathogen subsequently was added at 1000 chlamydospores per gram to
RMRDE0A5–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 62. Potato Diseases. a. Early blight (after L. R. Jonej), 6. spores of the early blight fungus, c. silver scurf, d. conidiophores and conidia of the silver sciirf fungus, e. and /. Fusarium oxysporum wilt m tubers, g. chlamydospores and one to several celled conidia of F. oxysporum, h. conidiophores of F. oxysporum (g. and k. after Sherbakoff), t. Ver- ticillium wilt (after Orton),. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance
RMREF91C–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 160 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI and whether they join in pairs or fuse has not been determined on account of technical difficulties. Hereupon they grow in nutrient solutions to a large sprout mycelium whose cells cling together (Fig. 99, 13 and 14). When they reach the host they put forth germ tubes between the epi- dermal cells into the interior. The other species correspond to P. macrosporus, only in P. inundatus on Apium graveolens, the chlamydospores are differentiated into summer. Fig. 99.—Protomyces pachydermus. 1 to 3, 8, 9. P. macrosporus.
RMRHG8MB–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. 5 10 15 ^20 40 60 80 CHLAMYDOSPORES XI02/£S0IL Figure 1 - A. The relationship of percentages of infection of tomato ('Bonnie Best') under growth-chamber conditions to densities of chlamydospores of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in fumigated soil (0 0), nonfumigated soil Qt— —X), and fumigated soil amended with Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Penicillium restrictum p #).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for rea
RMRG8XEJ–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. TIMBER STORAGE IN THE EASTERN AND SOUTHERN STATES. These bodies may be borne on short stalks on the mycelial threads (conidia), or the mycelium itself may break up into short cells (oidia), or specialized thick-walled cells (chlamydospores) may form within the mycelium. The last kind of spore, on account of its thicker wall, is adapted to withstand unfavorable weather conditions; the two former kinds are usually thin walled, minute, and readily blown about by the wind. With these fun
RMRE7T0Y–. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Corn; Smut diseases. Fig-. 6. Young corn plants severely injured by Ustilago maydis and prostrate on the ground, hence subject to rapid disintegration (Stakman and Christensen, 311). the same whether inoculated with local or nonlocal smut collections; hence, physiologic races do not appear responsible (57). There is some evidence that certain morphological characters, i.e., lack of ligules and tight- ness of husk, may be involved in some cases (157, 193 I. Isolation of U. maydis.—Cultures can readily be obtained by streaking chlamydospores on 1-2% potato-
RMRH0WN3–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. 118 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 144 Thick walled spores known as chlamydospores are common (Fig. 11). These probably assist in carrying the disease over the win- ter. The mycelium of the fungus probably plays a part in this connection also, as it has been found that it is not killed by a prolonged exposure at very low temperatures. The fungus grows well on various media in laboratory cultures. The manner of spore production in these cultures is shown in Fig. 12. Small knobs are produced on the side of the hyphae, and from Fig. 10.—Spores of
RMRHG8JG–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. II 18 25 32 DAYS AFTER FUMIGATION 39 Figure The relationship of percentage of infection of tomato ('Bonnie Best') (â¢â â »â¢) and inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis- lycopersici (oillio) to time after fumigation of soils which were amended with three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, one isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus, and one isolate of Penicillium restrictum at 1000 conidia of each isolate per gram of soil; the pathogen was added k days after fumigation at 1000 chlamydospores per gram of soil
RMRGBFHR–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Bui. 1053, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE IV.. Basidiospore Studies of Lenzites and Trametes. (X 475.) Fig. 1.—Germinating basidiospores of Lenzites trabea on malt agar. Fig. 2.—Oidia of Lenzites trabea from secondary aerial mycelium on malt agar. Fig. 3.—Stages in formation of chlamydospores upon submerged mycelium of Lenzites trabea in malt agar. Fig. 4.—Chlamy- dospores and chlamydosporelike bodies of Lenzites trabea upon submerged mycelium in malt agar, one of them germinating. Fig. 5.—Germinating basidiospores
RMREF90F–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. O^ooSH aads. Fig. 101.— Taphrina deformans. 1. Hymenium (X670). Taphrina Carpini. 2. Germination of asci in distilled water (X400). Taphrina aurea. 3, 4. Hymenium (X 330). (After Gwynne-Vaughan, 1922, and Sadebeck, 1884.) on Potentilla, the mycelium lives only in the interior of the leaves and the asci, as in Taphridium of the Protomycetaceae, are formed in a mycelial layer under the epidermis. In T. aurea on Populus and T. epiphylla on Alnus, the whole outer wall of the chlamydospores continues in the wall of the young ascus. There is no septum betwee
RMRGWCY4–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. was generally darker gray and com- posed of thick-walled, dark hyphae and chlamydospores as well as hyaline hyphae and endoconidia. Both of the Thielaviopsis isolates pro- duced more growth in the dark than in the light (Fig. 7). The TBB isolate averaged 5.9 mm of diameter growth per day in the dark and 5.2 mm per day in the light. As Fig. 5C shows, growth in the dark was consistently greater than growth in the light. Pro- duction of chlamydospores and dark- walled hyphae seemed to be favored by light. Fourteen-day-old colonies grown in the light c
RMRDE5T4–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. â sF- Fig. 294.âC. vagum-solani. Fig. 293.âC. vagum solani Rhizoc- basidia, sterigmata and tonia stage. After Duggar. spores. After Rolfs. what elliptic, often irregular in outline, 9-15 x 6-13 ft. Sterile mycelium(=Rhizoctonia solani=Rhizoctonia violacea)" turning yellowish with age, and branching approximately at right angles; often forming sclerotia-like tufts with short, broad cells more or less triangular which function as chlamydospores. Brown to black sclerotial structures, a few millimeters in diam- eter, consisting of
RMRHG8J0–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. 44. WEEKS AFTER 15 PLANTING Figure 8 - A. Relationship of population density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici to time after planting in soils amended with three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, one isolate of Penicillium restrictum, and one isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus at 5 X 105 conidia per isolate per plant under field conditions at planting date one (0"""0), planting date two (X- X), and planting date three (#— —#). The pathogen was added initially at 5000 chlamydospores per pl
RMRHG8K5–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. 4 II 18 25 32 39 46 53 6 0 67 74 DAYS AFTER FUMIGATION Figure k. The relationship of percentage of infection of tomato ('Bonnie Best') (â¢â â ^) and inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis- lycopersici (OlIHlO) to time after fumigation of soils in which recoloniza- tion by other microorganisms was inhibited; the pathogen was added 4 days after fumigation at 1000 chlamydospores per gram of soil.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced fo
RMRM7E2C–. Annual report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and the Agricultural Experiment Station. New York State College of Agriculture; Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). 48o Bulletin 315 Cephalosporium Koningi Oud., Arch. Neerl. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 7: 285. pi. ly, fig. I. 1902. Lindau, Rab. Krypt. Flora Abt. 8, i: 108. 1904-1907. Colonies white; sterile hyphae creeping, branched, hyaline, nonseptate, with intercalary globose or fusiform chlamydospores; chlamydospores with foamy protoplasm, 12-15 by 6-12.5^1; conidioph
RMRGBB7P–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. PEACH SCAB AND ITS COISTTEOL. 13. Fig. 5.— Cladosporium carpophilum: a, Con- idiophores and conidia from fruit lesions; 6, conldiophores and conidia from twig lesions; c, conidiophore from leaf lesion; d, and e, fragments of mycelium from Lima-bean agar culture, showing develop- ment ofehlamydospores. Camera-lueida drawing. (Magnified 485 times.) the more exposed cells thicken and darken and the individual cells may assume the characters of chlamydospores (fig, 5, d and e). On old cul- tures on steamed peach twigs or c
RMRGKBHB–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany. 274 D. L. HAWKSWORTH. lOum Fig. 44 Cylindrocarpon lichenicola (PAD—holotype). A, Conidiophore. B, Conidia. C, Chlamydospores. Fusarium sampaioi Gonz. Frag., Bolm Soc. broteriana II, 2 : 50 (1924). Type: Portugal, near Taboaco, on thalli of Physcia semipinnata (Gmelin) Moberg (syn. P. leptalea (Ach.)DC), December 1922, J. Macedo Pinto (MA 5878—syntype!). This taxon was described as having 0-3 septate conidia, 14-24x2-3-2 urn, which were curved and borne in fascicles. It was reported from two localities in the original description and fr
RMRGBFE8–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. ; p* •".-.** ' -?- * ' , * .V, »y* JfcJu ^i ' ' ' •' O VC t ; | ..' ' siA 2*?. '.'• k: ' /U--^ Fungi Studies of Importance in the Decay of Building Timbers. (X 523.) Fig. 1.—Oidia of Lenzites sepiaria from malt-agar culture. Fig. 2.—Stages in formation of chlamydospores of Trametes serialis on secondary mycelium in malt agar, with a few thin- walled chlamydospores. Fig. 3.—Oidia and mycelium of Lenzites sepiaria upon fibia of cockroach allowed to roam over wood block culture over night.. Please note that thes
RMRDETAA–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. APPENDIX VI 699 8. Spores unequal (mixture of numerous small spores with others twice as large). (9) Spores approximately equal in size. (10) 9. Sporangiophores 0.5 to 1.5 cm., straight. Sporangia 80 to 125^ diameter, spores spheric or angular of diverse forms, 4 to ism diameter. 18 Af. hetero- sporus Fischer. Sporangiophores ordinarily 3 to 4 mm. (i cm. maximum), sporangia yo/u diameter as maximum. Spores oval or subcylindric 2 to 6^ by 6 to 8^. Chlamydospores along the course of the s
RMRG8R8C–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. Bui. 1053, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Plate IV.. Basidiospore Studies of Lenzites and Trametes. (X 475.) Fig. 1.—Germinating basidiospores of Lenzites trabea on malt agar. Fig. 2.—Oidia of Lenzites trabea from secondary aerial mycelium on malt agar. Fig. 3.—Stages in formation of chlamydospores upon submerged mycelium of Lenzites trabea in malt agar. Fig. 4—Chlamy- dospores and chlamydosporelike bodies of Lenzites trabea upon submerged mycelium in malt agar, one of them germinating.
RMRGBFDX–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 34 BULLETIN 1053, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. trabea showed little or no retarding effect in percentage of germina- tion at 44° C. A single test upon the effect of cold on the oidia of Lenzites sepiaria and chlamydospores of Trametes serlalis was made. Slides /OO. 8./60 oj!!$& c M $9 / V ft 1 $7 f/f. / / 1 IZ** 3fya - T/?/9M£T£± W£&L s DEGREES CEA/T/GR/9DE Fig. 3.—Effect of temperature upon the germination of the oidia of Lenzites sepiaria and L. trabea and of the chlamydospores of Trametes serlalis.
RMREE3NB–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 68.—Endogone malleola. 1. Longitudinal section of a sporangial fructification. 2. Young sporangium. 3. Section of mature sporangium. 4. Mature sporangium. Endogone reniformis. 5. Mature sporangium. Endogone fasciculata. 6. Young chlamy- dospore. 7. Fascicle of chalmydospores. Glaziella aurantiaca. 8. Hollow chlamydo- sporic fructification. 9. Group of chlamydospores in ground tissue. (1 X 12; 2 to 6 X 370; 7 X 67; 8 reduced; 9 X 36; after Bucholtz, 1912, and Thaxter, 1922. lateral pressure (Fig. 68, 2 to 5). The spores germinate with one or severa
RMRR30JD–. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. 170 THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. I 90. o S. fradia* o S. gritaut N. polychromog«n«* N.rubra N. a«(«roid«> 30 40 50 TIME (MINUTES) 60 Figure 73. Lysis of cell walls of Streptomyces vs. Nocardia by lysozynie (Reproduced from: Romano A. H. and Sohler, A. J. Bacteriol. 72: 866, 1956). at 30 or 37°C, lysis takes place in 4 to 6 hours. Not all the mycelium is lysed uni- formly, some of the hyphae producing chlamydospores, spherical bodies, or other fragmentary material. Under favorable con- ditions, these bodies are able to grow and develop into fresh colonies. Ka
RMRE7RYC–. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Corn; Smut diseases. Fig. 19. The haploid progenies of 3 sets of 4 mono- sporidial lines of I'stilago maydis obtained from 3 hybrid chlamydospores F, M, and K, resulting from a cross of a mutant, K.,-1 with line L (Stakman, et al., 319). when injected into corn. In the other group, no in- fection resulted, although the sporidial lines paired in all possible combinations (55). This type of segregation for self-sterility is not uncommon in U. maydis. Christensen (55) obtained no galls by pairing 16 sets of primary sporidial lines when all possible pairings
RMRDE0W0–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. â £S i^^^ c mm n /7hw t^tll^iplH M rh M M n f m^wa^. Fig. 7. FusARiUM Wilt. a. Early stage of Fusarium wilt of sweet potato, 6. sweet potato hill killed by Fusarmm wilt, c. spores of Fusarium batatatis, d. spores of Fusarium hyper- oxysporum, e. chlamydospores of Fusarium (c. and d. after Harter).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob
RMRDEFGW–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. BASIDL-BEARING FUNGI (SMUTS) 183. Fig. 63,—Bunt or stinking smut of wheat {TMetia Iritici). a. Whole head af- fected with smut; b, smutted grains; c, normal grains; d, smutted grain broken to show spores; e. normal grain divided in the middle; /, chlamydospores enlarged; g. germination of a spore^ (Drawings by Pool, Venus A., from Bull. 135, Sci. Ser. 141, Univ. of Tex., Nan. 15, 1909.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally e
RMRE7RYG–. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Corn; Smut diseases. Fig. 19. The haploid progenies of 3 sets of 4 mono- sporidial lines of I'stilago maydis obtained from 3 hybrid chlamydospores F, M, and K, resulting from a cross of a mutant, K.,-1 with line L (Stakman, et al., 319). when injected into corn. In the other group, no in- fection resulted, although the sporidial lines paired in all possible combinations (55). This type of segregation for self-sterility is not uncommon in U. maydis. Christensen (55) obtained no galls by pairing 16 sets of primary sporidial lines when all possible pairings
RMRG8R64–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. FUNGI OF IMPORTANCE IN THE DECAY OF TIMBERS. 25 III. Chlaniydospores present, but no oidia. A. Mycelium tough, brownish in old agar cultures; with abortive fruit bodies, especially in plate cultures; covers 10-cm. Petri dish in 12 days at 28° C.; aerial chlamydospores often showing contraction of the protoplasm and formation of thick secondary walls; usually having a strong aromatic odor Lentirms lepideus. B. Mycelium white; no abortive fruit bodies; covers 10-cm. Petri dish in seven
RMRGWD31–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Aug., 1971 Perry: Two Components of Poinsettia Root Rot 431 A B. Fig. 2. — Chahropsis thielavioides: A, 10-day-old colony on V-8 juice agar; B, components of a typical colony (X 520); C, chlamydospores |X 1235); D, endoconidiophores with endoconidio |X 520). ducing terminal cell varied from 11.7 to 27.3 fi in length. The tapered phialides produced endoconidia singly. Although several endoconidia in various stages of formation were seen within a terminal cell, the mature endoconidia were ex- truded from the apex individually. A stubby side branch oc
RMRMXM3C–. Annales des sciences naturelles. Plants; Biology. CONTRIBUTION A L ETUDE DES MORTIÉRELLÉES 15 sporange. Après la déhiscence, la membrane du sporange laisse souvent une petite cupule adhérente autour du boulon (|ui termine le tube. Les stylospores sont pédicellées, à membrane épaisse échinulée, d'environ IG a de diamètre. Les chlamydospores aquatiques, plus ou moins ari-ondies, transparentes, remplies dun protoplasma granuleux, qui parfois se divise en masses polyédriques, ont un diamètre d'environ 10 à 12 ;j.. Habitat: Sur du terreau humide (lig. 7). Mortierella candelabrum (Van Tiegliem et
RMRN0GRF–. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Science; Allergy and Immunology; Medicine; Microbiology. Fig. 7. — Chlaniydospores aériennes. Deuxième mode de formation, quand elles naissent directement des eonidies septées fusiformes a et h. En c, eonidies septées ayant produit une chlamydospore aérienne qui commence à germer. mycèles et M. Van Tieghem en a signalé récemment chez un genre nouveau, VOIeina. Il semble du reste assez probable que. Fig. 8. — Chlamydospores formées à l'intérieur du liquide. les eonidies dont nous venons de parler tout à l'heure peuvent être considérées comme des chlamydospores t
RMRG88DX–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. Bui. 1298, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE XVI. FUi Drawings of Representative Fungi Isolated From Wood Pulp (x Except Fig. 4) 20, Figs 1-3.—Mycelium and chlamydospores of hymenomycetes Fig. 4.—Sporangiophore of Mucor plumbeus X55) Fig. 5.— Citromyces sp., conidiophores and spores Fig. 6.—Culture 81318-1, conidiophores and spores Fig. 7.— Trichoderma sp., conidiophores and spores Fig. 8.—Oidia and mycelium of Oidium sp. Fig. 9.—Penkillium sp., conidiophores and spores Fig. 10.— Ver
RMRG8R82–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. Bui. 1053, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Plate V.. Basidiospore Studies of Fomes and Lentinus. (X 475.) Fig. 1.—Germinating basidiospores of Fomesroseus on malt agar. Fig. 2.—Germinating basidio- spores of Lentinus lepideus on malt agar. Fig. 3.—Anastomosing of hyphte, one from clamp, of Lentinus lepideus. Fig. 4.—Chlamydospore from aerial tertiary mycelium of Lentinus lepideus on malt agar. Fig. 5.—Chlamydospores of Lentinus lepideus on submerged mycelium, in malt agar. Fig. 6.—Mature
RMRMWB8J–. Annales des sciences naturelles. Plants; Biology. LES CHAMPIGNONS DITS AMBROSIA «% Ch(imrn(/nnn Atnhrns'ia de F[Ii/lerd'ius (Icrmeslo'ides {Lïtnp.n/lon].^ hWmhroshi i[(^)i. giileries do ccl insecte, décrit par Ncgor, se ^t/% présente avec des caractères nettement dilï'érents de celui des tV galeries des Tom'icus (J'ispur et liiiefilus. Aux extrémités de • * ramifications courtes et trapues se trouvent des Chlamydospores globuleuses, le plus souvent solitaires (lig. 10); elles la[)isseid. Fig. 10. — Cliainpignon Ambiosia de Hijlecœlus dermestoides produisant d'une paît des chlamydospores
RMRMXKY3–. Annales des sciences naturelles. Plants; Biology. CONTRIBUTION A L ÉTUDE DES MORTIERELLEES 21 bombée qui les sépare du sporange terminal. Ramifications du tube sporan- giiere rappelant celles de Movlierella candelabrum. Spores cylindriques, arrondies aux deux bouts, parfois unilormes de 3 à 4 a de large sur 6 à 8 a de long. Les chlamydospores mycéliennes, les stylospores aériennes n'ont pas été rencontrées. Les sporanges sont rares. Zygospores de O"™,! à 0°"",125 entourées d'une enveiopppe de plusieurs branches ramifiées, vides de protoplasma, à membrane brune, cuticularisée e
RMRHG8J9–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. 31 50 40 S30 LlI li 20. S / 0>" /"â â â -.. «> 'It / 2* O "D > CD c r m CO o 1 CO O II 18 25 32 DAYS AFTER INFESTATION 39 Figure 7. Best*) (1 The relationship of percentage of infection of tomato ('Bonnie "â¢â¢) and inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis- lycopersici (OHIIlO) to time in nonfumigated soils; the pathogen was added on day 4 at 1000 chlamydospores per gram of soil.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been di
RMRDEFH7–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. i8o MYCOLOGY. Fig. 62.—Germination of smut spores.' a, Chlamydospores; b, basidium; S, basidiospores; d, infection threads; e, detached pieces of mycelia; /, knee-joints, i. Germination of Ustilago avencB in 1/50 per cent, acetic acid 24 to 48 hours after being placed in liquid. 2. Same as in i but in distilled water. 3. Germination of Ustil- ago levis in Cohn's modified solution at end of 24 hours. 4. Same as 3 but at end of 2 or 3 days. 5. Germination of [/i(t/ago (rt(ict in Cohn's mo
RMRMXKM9–. Annales des sciences naturelles. Plants; Biology. CONTRIBUTION A L ETUDE DES MORTIEKELLEES 29 Mortierella canina n. sp. (J. Dauphin). Je donne ici lacaractérislique dune nouvelle espèce de Mortierella, rencontrée dans une culture mélanirée à un iliicor ; elle présentait de nombreux spo- ranges ; cultivée sur tranches de pomme de terre, elle na donné que des chlamydospores échinulées. Le mycélium est un mycélium de Mortierella à protoplasma hyalin, finement granuleux, ramifié en dichotomie : la ramification en diapason est typique. Les tubes sporangifères naissent par toufTes au nombre de 4 o
RMRG6283–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. '4*;.'< ' * â j.* â¢H?- k * * ! s£lA " .'â .-.' ^ c.^-' "Q % 1 ⢠2-. Fungi Studies of Importance in the Decay of Building Timbers. (X 523.) FlG i. 0idia of Lenzites sepiaria from malt-agar culture. Fig. 2.âStages in formation of chlamydospores of Trametes serialis on secondary mycelium in malt agar, with a lew mm- walled chlamydospores. Fig. 3â Oidia and mycelium of Lenzites sepiaria upon nbia ol cockroach allowed to roam over wood block culture over night.. Please n
RMRHG8M4–. Biological control of fusarium crown rot of tomato. Tomato wilts; Tomatoes. 4.00 1.00 0.50 x i CD O 0.1 0 0.05 0.01 —i 1—i—i—m B i—i—i—i—i 111. 20 #/ ov &s J l 100 1000 CHLAMYDOSPORES /g SOIL 7000 Figure 1 - 3. The relationship of percentages of infection adjusted for multiple infections (logarithmic) of tomato ('Bonnie Best') under growth-chamber conditions to densities of chlamydospores (logarithmic) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in fumigated soil (0 0), nonfumigated soil (X X), and fumigated soil amended with Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Penici
RMRMXM4X–. Annales des sciences naturelles. Plants; Biology. CONTRIBUTION A L ÉTUDE DES MOHTIÉRELLÉES 13 incolores, de 20 a de diamètre, insérées sur de petits rameaux, seules ou pur j^roupes. Les chlamydospores aquatiques ou kystes ont environ 10 a (fig. 4). Mortierella reticulata (Van Tieghem et Le ^Iimnier). Filaments fructifères de 150 jxenviron, moins effilés que dans M. polycephata. Spores au nombre de 2 à 8, souvent dans un sporange; elles ont une membrane externe épaissie en un élégant réseau ; leui' dimension varie de 10 à24 UL. — Sur le sporange terminal, (pi('l(|ues rameaux grêles terminés
RMRG6271–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. 34 BULLETIN 1053, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. trdbea showed little or no retarding effect in percentage of germina- tion at 44° C. A single test upon the effect of cold on the oidia of Lenzites sepiaria and chlamydospores of Trametes serialis was made. Slides /OO. 1 o^m^ C f/f */ / tv/ 1 1? V A 9/ ff | $1 " T/?/9M£T££ 9£/?//9/./&- 0sA /6 %<?â <32 <?-0 #£G/?££<5 C£A/T/G/?/?D£ &3 Fig. 3.âEffect of temperature upon the germination of the oidi
RMRMXKE4–. Annales des sciences naturelles. Plants; Biology. 98 J. DAUPHIN tout aussi bien vers l'extérieur que vers l'intérieur de la géla- tine qui se liquéfie, quoique la température soit seulement de 18°. Au bout de quelques jours le mycélium forme un feutrage de 1 ou 2 millimètres d'épaisseur à la surface de la gélatine liquéfiée et on trouve comme fructifications des chlamydospores échinulées et lisses. Les sporanges s'y rencontrent, mais en petit nombre. Gélose et eau. C'est un milieu très peu favorable à la croissance du mycé- lium. Celui-ci apparaît trois jours après l'ensemencement, et, à. Fi
RMRMWH0N–. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botaniques. 138 LOUIS PLAXCHOA. Dans les solutions de dextrine (Pl. III, fig. 6), le cham- pignon pousse très bien quoique assez lentement, et la végétation paraît en rapport avec la teneur en aliments, car elle est beaucoup plus vigoureuse dans la dextrine à 20 p. 100 que dans celle à 5 p. 100. Cette culture est importante. Au début, les tubercules sont bien développés et formés de filaments enchevêtrés,. Fig. 37. — Végétation jeune sur dextrine à 20 p. 100. — a, filaments avec début de chlamydospores ; b, Hormodendron; c, filaments à cellules renllées ; d, g
RMRHYBCH–. Beitrge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz. 103 La Mucorinee differe de celle de van Tieghem (C. umhellata) V Par la longueur du sporangiophore (2,5 ^ au maximum) contre 6—8 CHI. chez C. umhellata. 2" Par le nombre des sporanges de Fornbelle, ne depassant pas 4. 3" Par la columelle, le plus souvent ronde, ou rarement ovale. Les spores, par contre, ont sensiblement les memes dimensions. Sur les milieux li- quides, ce Champignon pousse mal; il n'y forme pas de chlamydospores. II se developpe mieux dans le liquide de Raulin neutre que dans Facide. Les sporanges y sont rares et ne se dev
RMRMWH0G–. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botaniques. INFLUENCE DES MILIEUX SUR LES DÉMATIÉES. 139 moisissure a poussé abondamment à la surface et sur les parois du tube dans le liquide. Les filaments offrent des chlamydospores espacées ou en séries, d'un brun foncé, à double contour bien marqué, presque noir, et qui peuvent s'isoler dans le liquide et y germer. La teinte générale des filaments est verdâtre. On peut suivre les modi- fications de ces chlamydospores, d'abord verclâtres aussi, et à cercle foncé, puis d'un brun rougeâtre, à enveloppe de plus en plus épaisse (Pl. 111, fig. 10). Les cellule
RMRCCKB3–. Diseases of truck crops and their control. Plants -- Diseases. Fig. 51. Diseases of the Garden Pea and Bean. a. Thielavia root rot, to the right diseased plant with no root system, to the left healthy, b. stomatal leaf infection by Pseudotnonas pisi, c. Sclerolinia libertiana rnt on bean pods, d. endospore of Thielavia basicola, e. chlamydospores of T. basicola.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus,
RMRCCKN7–. The diseases of the sweet pea ... Sweet peas. 31 presenting a granular appearance. In young cultures the outer wall of the chlamydospore is smooth, but in old cultures it becomes slightly warty or covered with minute points (Fig. 19). No perfect stage has been found to accompany this fungus either in pure culture or on the host.. Fisrs. 18-31. Fusarium lathvri. showing chlamvdosDores and conidia. Identity of the Fungus. There is no doubt but that the fun- gus belongs to the genus Fusarium. It produces its micro- and macro- spores (sickle shaped) as well as chlamydospores which according to W
RMRCCKN8–. The diseases of the sweet pea ... Sweet peas. 30. Fig. 17. Fusarium wilt or root rot. At left, healthy; at right, infected. form chlamydospores. These are round hyalin bodies often filled with oil globules and are formed in the center of the hypha (Fig. 18), in this case the contents of the former collect into the chlamydospores. Usually also the chlamydospores are born at the tip end of the hyphae in chains of twos, threes and even fours (Figs. 19-22). Old cultures are practically one mass of chlamydospores. There are also two spore forms present and these appear as early as the third day i
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