RMRDHC06–. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. 100 ACADEMIC BOTANF. called a Scape (L. stalk). In an inflorescence, when each individual flower has a separate peduncle, this separate peduncle is called a Pedicel. When a pedicel has a bract, this bract is called a Braeteole. Bracts around a solitary flower, or around an inflorescence, form an Involucre; when around a single flower in a cluster (Teasel, Fig. 105), or around a secondary cluster (Parsley, Fig. 139), they form, an Involucel. The calyx-like involucre around
RMRM72MB–. Annual report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). "Watcli apple buds. The scales do not elongate as in the pear but the flower-buds are mixed. Fig. 63 shows the expandino-cluster from an apple flower-bud. Four flowers will open; and there are six leaves. If the buds are made to open in the house on severed twigs, the leaves do not grow so large before the flowers expand, for the twig does not contain sufiicient food. Fig. 64 is a photograph of an apple twig which I had in my window one winter's day
RMRDTR4J–. A monograph of the Mycetozoa, being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Illustrated with seventy-eight plates and fifty-one woodcuts. Myxomycetes. Fig. 42. CapiUitium combined into a net-v^ork, with spiral thickenings, (35) Hemitrichia. Fig. 43.—SemUrioMa ruTnformis Lister. a. Cluster of sporangia. Magnified 2J times. T>. Capillitium. Magnified 280 times. c. Spore. Magnified 400 times. CapiUitium combined into a network, with thickenings in the form of rings. (36) CoRNuyiA,. Fig. 44.—Cortmma Serpula Eost. a. Plasmodiocarp. Magnified 7 times. S.
RMRDBFB1–. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 6i. Palm Diseases. a. Palm smut, b. Palm smut fungus (after Stone and Smith), c. Exospo- rium leaf spot, d. cluster of spores of Exosporium palmivorum, e. individual spores of E. palmivorum, f. conidiophores of E. palmivorum (.d-e after Tre- lease), g. Sphserodothis leaf spot (after Smith, R, E.), h. anthracnose (after Halsted).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustra
RMRH9GR6–. Botany, an elementary text for schools. Botany. 180. Compound umbel of wild carrot. 245. MIXED CLUSTERS.â Often the cluster is mixed, Leiug determinate in one part and in- determinate in another part of the same cluster. This is the case in Fig. 184. The main clus- ter is indeterminate, but the branches are determinate. The cluster has the appearance of a panicle, and is usually so called, but it is really a thyrse. Lilac is a familiar example of a thyrse. In some cases, the main cluster is de- terminate and the l)ranches are in- determinate, as in liydrangea and elder. Suâ l/silf n works o
RMRDTNBE–. Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) Prepared at the request of the Botanical Dept. of Harvard University. Botany; Botany. o4G. Under side of a segmeut of Fern leaf, showing: sori. 345. Rhizome and leaves of the Rock Feru. 347. Section of sorus: s, sporangia; /, indusiuni ; b, blade of the leaf. — WossiDLo. 479. Spores are borne in small sporangia (Fig. 348), clustered in groups on the under sides of the leaves (Fig. 347). Each cluster, or "fruit spot" (so)-us), is in many species shielded by a membrane (iitdiisium, i).
RMRDTNBA–. Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) Prepared at the request of the Botanical Dept. of Harvard University. Botany; Botany. o4G. Under side of a segmeut of Fern leaf, showing: sori. 345. Rhizome and leaves of the Rock Feru. 347. Section of sorus: s, sporangia; /, indusiuni ; b, blade of the leaf. — WossiDLo. 479. Spores are borne in small sporangia (Fig. 348), clustered in groups on the under sides of the leaves (Fig. 347). Each cluster, or "fruit spot" (so)-us), is in many species shielded by a membrane (iitdiisium, i).
RMRH8326–. Botany; principles and problems. Botany. 328 BOTANY: PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS. Fig. 199.—The structure of a fern (Aspidium). A, the. plant as a whole. B, portion of leaf with seven fruiting dots or sori on its lower surface. Each is covered by an indusium (a), from under which the sporangia (6) are protruding, in one case. C, a single sporangium. D, transverse section through a sorus, showing section of leaf-blade above and of indusium below, with cluster of sporangia attached between them. {From Strasburger, after Wossidlo).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page imag
RMRE3A9A–. Elements of botany. Botany. ROOTS 33 primary roots, that is, a cluster proceeding from the lower end of the hypocotyl at the outset. If such roots become thickened, like those of the svreet potato and the dahlia (Fig. 17), they are known as fascicled roots.. ABC Fig. 14. Dodder growing upon a Golden-Rod Stem. 5, seedling dodder plants, growing in earth; h, stem of liost; r, haustoria or parasitic roots of dodder; /, scale-like leaves; A, magnified section of a portion of willow stem, showing penetration of haustoria.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that
RMRD7JF0–. Insects injurious to fruits. Illustrated with four hundred and forty wood-cuts. Insect pests. Fig. 135. sect has four delicate, transparent, whitish wings (see Fig. 133) netted like fine lace, bright-golden eyes, and a beautiful green body. Fig. 134 shows the same insect with its wings closed; also a side view of a cluster of eggs. While beau- tiful to look at, the insects are offensive to han lie, as when touched they emit a very sickening, pun- gent, and persistent odor. Other friendly helpers in this good work are the larvse of the Syrphus flies. These are fleshy larvse, thick and blunt b
RMRH94RH–. Botany for secondary schools; a guide to the knowledge of the vegetation of the neighborhood. Plants. 120 FLOWER-BRANCHES may be lateral to it, as in Fig. 184. Racemes often bear the flowers on one side of the stem, or in a single row. 250. When a corym- bose flower-cluster is long and dense and the flowers are sessile or nearly so, it is called a spike (Figs. 185, 186). Common examples of spikes are plantain, mignonette, mullein. 251. A very short and dense spike is a head, 187) are examples. 186. Spike of hyaci n th. Note, also, that the flowers and foliage are produced from the stored foo
RMRMJM42–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 422 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. r :*» * «! . Fig. 13. a. A cluster of return mounds of T. granulatus at HWS, Blouberg. b. Blouberg at neaps. Exit holes at left. High tide line at centre marked by blocks of wood, etc. Return mounds at right.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. South African Museum. Cape Town :
RMRJ68E4–. The chinch bug. (Blissus leucopterus Say.). Chinch-bugs; Insect pests Control. spread to the grain field, where they deposit their eggs. After the eggs are hatched the old bugs die, and the young hatching from these. Fig. 4.—Corn plant 2 feet tall infested with chinch bugs. (Author's illustration.) eggs cluster upon the plants and begin at once to live upon the juices. Figure 4 illustrates a corn plant with the chinch bugs clustering upon it. The egg-laying season extends over a considerable period [Cir. 113]. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have
RMRDTRBH–. A monograph of the Mycetozoa, being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Illustrated with seventy-eight plates and fifty-one woodcuts. Myxomycetes. PHTSARACEjE. KEY TO THE GENERA OF PHYSARACE^. 27 A. Capillitium a coarse network charged witli lime throughout. (2) Badhamia. Fig. 10.—Badhamia utrioularis Berk. a. Cluster of sporangia. Magnified 3J times. b. Fragment of capillitium and spore-cluster. Magnified 140 times.. £, Capillitium a delicate network of threads with vesicular ex- pansions filled with lime-granules (^ Hme-knots). A. Sporangia combme
RMRGCJ7F–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Fig. 6.—Eudendrium capillare Alder. A, cluster of female gonophores growin^t rom the hydrorhiza; B, cluster of female gono- phores growing from the stem; C, cluster of male gonophores growing from the hydrorhiza (after Allman); D. cluster of male gonophores growing from the stem (after Allman). Gonosome.—Female gonophores borne on aborted hydranths, commonly with a zigzag arrangement from the end of the pedicel, this pedicel being more or less annulated throughout; often a scries of pedi
RMRD2K4K–. Elementary principles of agriculture; a text book for the common schools. Agriculture. Relations of Plants Above the Ground 105 156. Leaf Buds and Flower Buds. If we notice the buds on peach or plum branches from January until spring, we shall see that all the buds are not the same size or shape. Some are pointed and slender, and will form a cluster of leaves when they burst forth in the springs and are hence called leaf buds. Others are broad and rounded: these buds are flower buds. They are some-. Fig. 51. Leaf buds and flower buds of plum. 1. Shoot bearing leaf^buds only. 2. A bud of same
RMRDH5Y0–. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. Figs. 425-427.—Gnetum Gnemon: longitudinal sections, showing bract with cluster of flowers in the axil; fig. 425, ovule in ovulate strobilus with two integuments and perianth; beneath the ovule is a dense tuft of hairs, so compact that they sometimes appear like a tissue; fig. 426, sterile ovule in staminate strobilus, showing only two envelops (inner integument and perianth); the oldest stamens are at the top, and in longitudinal radial section usually show only one sporangium (as in the third stamen from the top); fig. 427, section
RMRG94M3–. Bulletin - Southern California Academy of Sciences. Science. 60 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Fig. 1. The five Gila Monster records and sightings in the southeast corner of California. CMM, Cargo Muchacho Mountains; DRM, Dome Rock Mountains; LMM, Little Maria Mountains; MM, Mule Mountains; OM, Orocopia Mountains; PM, Pinto Mountains; PVM, Palo Verde Mountains; RM, Riverside Mountains. easting and northing, the UTM zone is 11, and the datum is NAD 27). This area, in the Quartz Peak 7.5' quadrangle (1988), is « 2 km south-southwest of the prominent cluster of communications towers o
RMRD7JF3–. Insects injurious to fruits. Illustrated with four hundred and forty wood-cuts. Insect pests. Fig. 135. sect has four delicate, transparent, whitish wings (see Fig. 133) netted like fine lace, bright-golden eyes, and a beautiful green body. Fig. 134 shows the same insect with its wings closed; also a side view of a cluster of eggs. While beau- tiful to look at, the insects are offensive to han lie, as when touched they emit a very sickening, pun- gent, and persistent odor. Other friendly helpers in this good work are the larvse of the Syrphus flies. These are fleshy larvse, thick and blunt b
RMRH8H1C–. Botany for agricultural students. Plants. Fig. 433. — Flowers and fruit of the Flowering Spurge {Euphorbia corollata). At the right, a por- tion of a plant in flower; above, at the left, a flower cluster consisting of one pistillate flower and a number of staminate flowers enclosed by an in- volucre (i) bearing appendages resembling petals; at the right of the flower cluster, a single stami- nate flower with anther at o; below, at the left, a flower cluster with staminate flowers removed to show the pistillate flower; below, at the right, a pistillate flower in fruit, showing the ovary (c),
RMRJGMWY–. Beginner's bee book. Bees. 116 BEGINNER'S BEE BOOK not more than a quarter of an inch of reaching the bottom or sides are much more economical, for they furnish the bees with a sufficient Fig. 13.—Different methods of using foundation in sections. The section at the left with full sheet and bottom starter is the best method. amount of wax to start working nicely and room enough to permit a nice little cluster to. Fig. U.—The thin sheets of wax are impressed with the cell bases of proper size to induce the bees to build worker combs. work at one time. Thin or extra thin founda- tion should al
RMRD412M–. Cyclopedia of farm crops. Farm produce; Agriculture. i v57^ should Fig. 328. Castor-bean. Mature plant. Frosted beans never be mi.xed with the good ones, as they will reduce the value of the whole lot. If gathered at the proper time and handled as indicat ed, the labor item may be reduced to a min- One of the points to be kept in mind in the breeding work is to develop a type in which the fruits in any one cluster will ripen at the same time to prevent loss. The work of gathering the crop is tedious and could be much reduced in this way. Enemies. Fortunately the castor-oil plant has no serio
RMRDGERG–. An introduction to zoology, with directions for practical work (invertebrates). 372 INTRODUCTION TO ZOOLOGY CHAP. Worker Larvae. workers. She works hard, laying at first about 3000 eggs a day ! These first eggs are all alike and develop in the same way. Kept warm by the bodies of the workers who cluster over the combs, each egg hatches in about three days as a little white legless grub or larva, which lies curled up at the bottom of the cell (Fig. 296, A). It has a head and thirteen body- segments. The " nurse-bees," who ^ ^ are usually some of the older ""vI^^wBBHHh
RMRDHP63–. Plant world; its past, present & future; an introd. to the study of botany. Botany. CHAP. I.J PLANT ABCHITECTURE. 19. Fig. 3. Maize, or Indian, com (Zea mays). One of the grasses having a cluster of male or staminate flowers terminating the stem, lower down is a cluster of female or pistillate flowers having every part except the long tassel of stigmas protected by sheathing leaves or bracts. The pollen is blown from the male to the female flower by the wind. cellular individuals^ or those consisting of a few cells only, no great progress was made, and such forma, as a rule, still remain
RMRDD9KW–. Lessons in botany. Botany. 248 PLANT FAMILIES: MONOCOTYLEDONS. may have recourse to material preserved in alcohol for the dissection of the flower. The plants grow usually in stools; the stem is cylindrical, and marked by distinct nodes as in the corn plant. The leaves possess a sheath and blade. The flowers form a loose head of a type known as a panicle. Each little cluster as shown in fig. 211 is a spikelet, and consists usually here of one or two fertile flowers below and one or two undeveloped flowers above. We see that there are several series of overlapping scales. The two lower ones a
RMRDHNT2–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. VEGE TA Tl VE REP ROD VCTION. 195 Each cluster may be protected by a special outgrowth from the cells in its neighborhood (figs. 149, 150). Each spore case consists of a stalk expanding above into a body composed of a single outer layer, enclosing at maturity the loose spores (fig. 236). 276. Spore leaves.—In many of the ferns the leaves which produce spore cases are not different from the foliage leaves. In others, certain leaves are so specialized for bearing the spore cases that they abandon their nutritive wor
RMRHY31C–. Beginners' botany. Botany. FL O WER- CL US TERS 159 the top is convex or flat, it is a corymb (Fig. 217). The outermost flowers open first. Centripetal flower-clusters are sometimes said to be corymbose in mode. When the branches of an indeterminate cluster arise from a common point, like the frame of an umbrella, the cluster is an umbel (Fig. 218). Typical umbels occur in carrot, parsnip, caraway and other plants of the parsley family: the family is known as the Umbelliferae, or umbel-bearing. Fig. 218. —Remains of a Last Year's Umbel of Wild Carrot. family. In the carrot and many other Umb
RMRHK8TE–. The biology of death; being a series of lectures delivered at the Lowell Institute in Boston in December 1920. Death (Biology); Death. 38 BIOLOGY OF DEATH the former are borne in the female, and the latter in the male body. Both sorts undergo a complicated prepara- tion for union, the result of which is that when union does occur each party to it contributes either an exactly equal or an approximately equal amount of hereditary mate-. FIG. 9.—Section across the posterior part of an embryo dog-fish (acanthias) of 3.5 mm., to show the compact cluster of germ cells on one side. The germ cells i
RMRE39PK–. Introduction to botany. Botany. 168 INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY (^Salsola Kali, var. tenuifolia'), a most troublesome weed, bears from 20,000 to 200,000 seeds. Taking the moderate estimate of 25,000 seeds to a plant, and supposing all of these seeds to grow into plants equally productive, the offspring of the 25,000 individuals would number 625,000,000, and- the next generation would number 15,625,000,000,000. Supposing. Fig. 148. Globular clusters of fruits of the sycamore in late March The cluster at the right is broken, and single fruits are being carried off by the wind a'" Fig. 149. Pod
RMRDHGEY–. Elements of botany. Botany; Botany. PEETILIZATION. 179 The flower of the ox-eye daisy, or the dandelion, consulting Mgs, 110, 131, 164, 165, 166. Fig. 164. —Flower-Cluster of Bachelor's Button (fientawea Cyanus). The flower of the crocus, the blue-eyed grass, or the iris, consulting Figs. 167 and 168.1 1 For descriptions and illustrations that will aid In the work of this section the teacher is referred to Gray's Structural Botcmy, Gray's Field, Forest, and Garden Botany, Le Maout and Decaisne's Traiti Giniral de Botamigue, and Miss Newell's Outlines of Lessons in Botany, Part II.. Please no
RMRE0P7G–. Elementary botany. Botany. 132 MORPHOLOG y. is formed of similar rows of cells, which, instead of separating into gonidia, remain united to form a wall. These cups are usually borne on the under side of the leaf. 293. Spermagonia.—Upon the upper side of the leaves in the same spot occur small, orange-colored pustules which are flask-shaped. They bear inside, minute, rod-like bodies on the ends of slender threads, which ooze. Fig. 156. Section of an Eecidium (cluster cupj from barberry leaf. (After Marsha 11-Ward.) out on the surface of the leaf. These flask-shaped pustules are called spermag
RMRDWPTT–. Elements of botany. Botany; Botany. FERTILIZATION. 179 The flower of the ox-eye daisy, or the dandelion, consulting Figs, 110, 131, 164, 165, 166. Fig. 164.— Flower-Cluster of Bachelor's Button (Centaurea Cyanua). The flower of the crocus, the blue-eyed grass, or the .iris, consulting Figs. 167 and 168.1 1 For descriptions and illustrations that will aid in the work of this section the teacher is referred to Gray's Structural Botany, Gray's Field, Forest, and Garden Botany, Le Maout and Decaisne's Traiti GinS-al de Botanique, and Miss Newell's Outlines of Lessons in Botany, Part U.. Please n
RMRGTHJX–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. September 1985 125 Years of Biological Research 285 Clusterers. ,J D Fig. 11. - Egg-clustering behavior. (A) The male establishes a territory centered under a large stone. (B) The female enters the territory and selects a site for egg deposition on the under- side of the stone. (CiThe female inverts, rises, and deposits eggs on the stone; as she does so, the male follows and fertilizes the eggs. (D) The male remains to guard the cluster of eggs. and fertilize each release of eggs (usually 1-5 eggs); (B) those in which the female, once inverted, rem
RMRH837E–. Botany; principles and problems. Botany. 328 BOTANY: PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS. Fig. 199.—The structure of a fern (Aspidium). A, the. plant as a whole. B, portion of leaf with seven fruiting dots or sori on its lower surface. Each is covered by an indusium (a), from under which the sporangia (6) are protruding, in one case. C, a single sporangium. D, transverse section through a sorus, showing section of leaf-blade above and of indusium below, with cluster of sporangia attached between them. {From Strasburger, after Wossidlo).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page imag
RMRE2CF1–. Plants and their uses; an introduction to botany. Botany; Botany, Economic. • ,1". V J- ^i.. Fig. 137.—Sweet Marjoram {Orvjanum Alajorana, Mint Family, Lahiatce). Flowering plant, i. Flowering braneh, ;. Flower cluster. (Vil- morin.)— i)erennial herb becoming annual in cultivation, leaves downy; flowers whitish or purplish; nutlets brownish. Native home, Eurasia. Fii . 1.38.—Pars ^'lowering view, enlargi tubes in thr attainirig 1 r fruit brow'iii. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and
RMRDEXK0–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 159 Rusts (UredinecB). The rust fungi constitute a larger group of plants than the smuts and exhibit more variety of structure and habit. They may be considered as relatives of the smuts in that the winter spores of the latter may be compared with. Fig. 73.—Spores of rust fungi. 1. A cluster of winter spores of wheat rust (Puccinia graminis) on wheat plant. 2. A winter spore germinating to a thread of four cells (promycelium—basidium), each of which bears a small spore (sporidium) on a stalk. The winter spore germinates in t
RMRDBFE5–. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 48. Carnation Diseases. a. Mycelium of Alternaria dianthi showing branching and septation, b. mycelium below stroma and hyphes emerging through the stroma, c. caten- ulate spores as borne upon hypheXj d. spores, e, an old cluster of conidio- phores, /. a young cluster of comdiophores (after Stevens and Hall), g. hyphex of Sporotrichum poae with immature spores on short tapering branches, h. typical spores of S. poae, «. germinating spore, /. Fusarium like spores of S poae, k. carnation blossom r
RMRE2J95–. Introduction to botany. Botany. 24 KEY AND FLORA The flower cluster and the flower of a sedge may be under- stood from an inspection of Fig. 5. The species are even more difficult to determine than those of grasses.. Fig. 5. Inflorescence, flower, and seed, of a sedge (Great Bulrush, Scirpus lacustris) A, magnified flower, surrounded by a perianth of hypogynous bristles; B, the seed; C, section of the seed, showing the small embryo inclosed in the base of the endosperm. (After Lindley) 6. ARACEJE. Arum Family Perennial herbs, with pungent or acrid juice. Leaves often netted-veined. Small, un
RMRE2DCA–. Plants and their uses; an introduction to botany. Botany; Botany, Economic. VARKJUS F(J( )D-PLANT8. ^^ Fig. 77.—Lettuce. Flower cluster, enlarged. Base of a flower cut vertically to show the single ovule within the ovarj', and how the calyx, corolla, and style grow out from it above. A single flower. An anther, inner view showing openings through which pollen is shed upon the style. The stamen-tube formed 1)' union of thefi"'e anthers. Stjde and stigmas, showing the hairj- region which pushes up through the stamen-tube like a bottle-brush carrying upon it the pollen to be rublied off
RMRH3K8K–. British bee journal & bee-keepers adviser. Bees. Fig. K Fig. 16. and moving it up as they retreat from it. Swarms in the middle of a holly, privet, or thorn hedge can be hived by placing the sleep above them.. Fig. 17. Fig. 18. If the cluster is on the bole or a thick branch of a tree, or on a post, then the sleep should be fastened by means of string so that one edge is just above the topmost bees, and propped off at the bottom by means of a stick (Fig. 17), when they will gradually enter as they have done in (Fig. 18). {To be Continued.). Please note that these images are extracted fro
RMRH8N07–. Botany of the living plant. Botany; Plants. .sec â pr JV . « m m. Fig. 447. Fritschiella tuberosa. A small mature plant with a single rhizoid. c/=cluster; pr= primary; sec = secondary branch. ( x 350.) (After Iyengar.) Fig. 448. Riccia trichocarpa. Young sporeling showing spore and germ-tube, k ; rhizoid, r ; and the thallus enlarging upwards with sunken apex, and intercellular spaees beginning to develop. ( x 85.) (After Campbell.) that end in obconical sporelings, as their size increases. They are all taken from gametophytes. But both of the alternating phases of the life-cycle are subjec
RMRDWFH0–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. 256 ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY one is known as the duster-cup stage and the others as red rust and hlack rust, according to the usual approximate color of the spores. The rust called Pucoinia graminis, growing on wheat, has its cluster-cup stage on the leaves of barberry in June. The spores from the cluster-cups are carried by the wind to the wheat, where they germi- nate and in a few days produce the red rust. A little later the black spores appear, produced by the same myce- lium. This growth is chiefly upon the stems and sheaths.. Fig. 181. A Cluster-Cup of
RMRDA9YF–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. dicecious (§ 137) and wind-pollinated. A very character- istic flower-cluster occurs in many of these forms, being a spike-like cluster, but having conspicuous scales or bracts subtending individual flowers or small groups of flowers. It is called the ametit or catkin; and familiar illus- trations are found on willows (Fig. 278), cottonwoods, birches, and alders (Fig. 279). Both staminate and pis- tillate flowers, or only one kind, may be in aments. In higher fami- lies with more con- spicuous and usual- ly insect-pollinated flowers, other
RMRMAJY3–. Annual report. Entomological Society of Ontario; Insect pests; Insects -- Ontario Periodicals. Fig. 12 White-mark- ed Tussock Moth, male.. Fig. 13. Larva of Tussock Moth. The Tussock Moth larva became fully developed and entered the pupal stage much earlier than usual. On the 21st of July, I found the first completed cluster of eggs and almost daily after that I found others. As in some places the Tussock Moth is said to be double brooded, I gathered a considerable number of these early egg clusters, but none of thern^ hatched. It is just possible, however, that these eggs were not fertilize
RMRDXRJ9–. The essentials of botany. Botany. Fio. 141.—A cluster of stamlnate cones or flowers. A, of a Pine (Pmus sylvestrisi, with a detached stamen. Natural size. B, showing the two pollen-sacs. Considerably magnified. The pollen-bearing flowers—staminate flowers, as they are generally called—are loose cones generally crowded into considerable clusters. Each cone consists of a stem upon which are many flattish stamens, each bearing two pollen- sacs (Fig. 141).. FtG. 142.—Pollen-cells (microspores) of Gymnosperms. A^ of a Cycad ; u, rudimentary first stage (prothallium), one pollen-cell germinating.
RMRHYK6G–. Beginners' botany. Botany. WINTER AND DORMANT BUDS 115 it is more advanced, and the woolly unformed flowers are appearing. In Fig. 146 the growth is more advanced.. Fig. 146.— A sin- gle Flower in the Pear cluster, as seen at 7 A.M. on the day of its opening. At 10 o'clock it will be fully ex- panded.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Bailey, L. H. (Liberty Hyde), 1858-1954. New York, The Macmillan company
RMRH91BG–. Botany for agricultural students. Plants. 32 FLOWERS In complex flower clusters coinbinations of the simpler types of clusters often occur together. Thus, in the thyrse, the complex cluster which is typical of the Lilac and Horse-Chestnut, and, in. Fig. 34. — Upper diagrams show types of indeterminate inflorescences. a, raceme; b, corymb; c, compomid corymb; d, mnbel; e, spike; /, panicle; g, head. Lower diagrams show types of determinate inflorescences; h, cyme half developed (scorpioid); i, flat-topped or corymbose cyme; j, typical cyme. the panicle of the Grasses, the characteristics of b
RMRDHEJX–. The elements of botany embracing organography, histology, vegetable physiology, systematic botany and economic botany ... together with a complete glossary of botanical terms. Botany. 94 HISTOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY.. 1.i''!S. In Mosses, hairs, called rhizoids (Gr. rhiza, root), perform the function of roots ex- clusively, the latter being absent in these plants. In many hairs on aerial parts of plants, the ter- minal cell, or cluster of cells, becomes trans- formed into a secreting organ, in which gummy, resinous, or other substances are produced. These are termed glandular hairs (Fig. 210, gl)
RMRDA9YH–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. DICOTYLEDONS: ARCHICHLAMYDB^ 283. dicecious (§ 137) and wind-pollinated. A very character- istic flower-cluster occurs in many of these forms, being a spike-like cluster, but having conspicuous scales or bracts subtending individual flowers or small groups of flowers. It is called the ametit or catkin; and familiar illus- trations are found on willows (Fig. 278), cottonwoods, birches, and alders (Fig. 279). Both staminate and pis- tillate flowers, or only one kind, may be in aments. In higher fami- lies with more con- spicuous and usual- l
RMRDAMG6–. Injurious insects : how to recognize and control them . Insect pests; Insect pests. Fig. 2So. —The Woolly Apple Aphis. Cluster of lice on twig. Oriirinal. Fig. 2s1. — Sears on trrigs caused by work of the WooUy Apple Aphis. Original, cent kerosene emulsion may be used instead of the tobacco dust, drawing away the dirt and apphing 2 or 3 gallons. The Grape-phylloxera {Phylloxera va-statrix Planch.) Numerous small, rather spherical galls are foimed on the under surface of the leaves of grapes, while on the roots other colonies of the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pa
RMRGTYHY–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. VINEYARD SPRAYING AGAINST ROSE-CHAFER, 57 sionally in well-tilled vineyards, although never in sufficient num- bers to become a menace to the grape crop. The larvae usuallv at- tain their full growth by late fall and at the approach of cold weather burrow down below the frost line, returning, in the follow- ing spring, to near the surface of the soil, where the}' make earthen cells, in which they transform to pupae (fig. 18, e) and then to the. Fig. 20.—Grape cluster showing almost total destruction of borrios th
RMRE3ADA–. Introduction to botany. Botany. BUDS AND BEANOHES 97 case it cannot grow straight on from the tip the next year, but one of the twigs a httle farther back will be rapidly developed and will serve to prolong the main branch.. Fig. 81. Opposite branching in privet The branch is shown as it appeared in March. The growth of the year terminated in a flower cluster, followed by fruit. Since no terminal bud was formed, the continuation of the main branch during the next season would have been by the strong growth of the twig tw If the terminal bud of the main stem continues year after year to be th
RMRJ5PAW–. A guide to the trees [microform]. Trees; Botany; Arbres; Botanique. FIG. 21. FIG. 22. FIG. 23. FIG. 24. fn, or and Isub- '3 When but one flower grows on the end of the stem or flower- stalk, it is said to be Terminal, Solitary. (Fig. 43.) It is Axillary when the flower, or flowers, grow from the axils of the leaves; that is in the angle formed by the leaf, or leaf-stalk, and the stem. (Fig. 27.) A Raceme is a flower-cluster in which the flowers grow on pedicels that are about equally long, and are arranged along the sides of a common stalk. (Fig. 28.) A Panicle is a compound raceme. (Fig, 29
RMRJRET7–. Australian insects. Insects. liOMOL'TERA. ;i()9 pests that the cabbage-growers have to deal with, aud is always most troublesome in dry weather. The Rose Aptiis, Siphonophora rosae, is a pale green species appearing in the spring on the young buds of the roses, but seldom doing very serious damage. The Woolly Aphis, Schizoneiira lani- gera, common both on the roots and branches of apple trees,. Fig. 16i.-A2)lns pvisirdc-niijcf (Smith). The American F'each Ajihis (introdacerl). ("Agricultural Oazette," N.S.W.) is found in most of our old orchards; the dull blue aphids cluster togeth
RMRFT0R4–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. . I'i«.. .).:.—Cephalocereus leucostele. FIG. 43.—Cephalocereus smithianus. downward, dull green, with a few small scales, 7 cm. long, opening in the early evening; perianth- segments short, waxy, white, tightly recurved; stamens numerous, included; filaments white, the upper cluster thickly set all over the long throat, very short; the lower cluster few, fixed at top of short tube proper, longer than the others, bent in just above their bases forming a knee and pressing against the style; space between the two clusters of stamens short but def
RMRE397N–. Fifty years among the bees . Bees. FIFTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES the lower hive when the queen was put up, but by the time she is put down quite a force has hatched out, and these have marked the upper hive as their location. Upon this being tak- en awaj", the bees as they return from the field will settle upon the cover, where their hive was, and form a cluster there;. Fig. 53—Tnw Asters. finally an explorer will crawd down to the entrance of the hive below, and a line of march in that direction will be established immediately. In a day or two they will go straight to the liroper entrance
RMRDE65H–. Analytical class-book of botany : designed for academies and private students. Plants. General subjects. Define each. Name the figures ft-om 1 ^o 5. What flower-bnda are folded in the form of fig. 8—what like fig. 2? How are the parts arranged in fig. 1? How is the Prcfloration of the Eose different from this ? Wliat land of prefloration at fig. 4—fig. 5 ? What two principal distinc- tions of the Calyx? How is it at figs. 7 and 8—how In the Composltaj—and In what figures illustrated ? What is it called in these cases? Name the cluster of leaves that envelope many flowers. In what figures rep
RMRH07F9–. Bulletin. Science; Natural history; Natural history. 68 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MEDITERRANEAN SEA. ARABIAN SEA Fig. 1. Study site (box) on northern Saudi Arabian coast of Persian Gulf. species and two were ctenostomes. The ranking of stations according to numbers of occurrences of colonies, regardless of species, showed that three areas had relatively high counts (Fig. 2); station 3 was first with 77 occurrences, station 1 was second with 72, and station 5 was third with 68. A second cluster of stations were grouped as stations 2, 6, and 4, with counts totalling 51, 42, and 4
RMRE1KY1–. A manual of botany. Botany. Fig. 908. Fertile stem of Equisettim beariug a flower or cluster of sporopbylls. Fig. 909. Sterile shoot of Equisetum. Fig. 910. Growing point of shoot of Equisetum arvense. X 250. a. Apical cell. 6, c. Successive segments cut oS from it. A little mternal to these cavities are the several steles, the plant being schizostelic. These are arranged differently iu different species, and we may distinguish three va- rieties. In E. Utorale (fig. 911, a), the steles are all separate, each is clothed with peri-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page
RMRGJA3R–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology. Protochonetes ludloviensis Assoc. 100% - 50% -. 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CONTINUOUS STR ATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCES IN SAM- PLES ALONG MEASURED SECTIONS Fig. 24 Definition and comparison of opportunistic species in Ludlow communities. Dots represent values for single brachiopod species, and dots with circles represent several species. The 'oppor- tunistic species field' is defined to include the major cluster of species in the upper phase of the Sphaerirhynchia wilsoni Association. This provides a method for making r
RMRDE3F5–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 2 86 Minnesota Plant Diseases.. Fig. 142.—Spores of the common "black rust" (Puccinia graminis) of wheat. 1. Cluster-cup spores from the barberry plant. 2. Summer spores from the wheat plant. 3. Winter spores from the wheat plant. Highly magnified. After Arthur and Holway. aggerated because the smaller losses due to the presence of the rust in very slight and therefore unheeded quantities may never be computed. These are, nevertheless, a' certain loss. There is only a difference in degree. The en- tire eHmination of /^^^^^ rust would theref
RMRDXJJ7–. Horticulture; a text book for high schools and normals. Gardening; Vegetable gardening; Fruit-culture. 260 BUSH FRUITS IN THE HOME GARDEN globose, a few in a cluster. The lobes of the berries are irregularly set. Popular varieties of this group are Snyder, Lawton, Kitta- tinny, and Agawam. (3) The leafy-clustered blackberries have low, bushy plants bearing short clusters with leaves mingled with the flowers or berries. Early Harvest is the best commercial representative of this group.. Fig. 187.—A basket of Lucretia Dewberries that taste as good as they look. (U.S.D.A). (4) The loose-cluster
RMRE398R–. Fifty years among the bees . Bees. FIFTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES in her usual place. Most of the bees, of course, adhered to the lower hive when the queen was put up, but by the time she is put down quite a force has hatched out, and these have marked the upper hive as their location. Upon this being taken away, the bees as they return from the field will settle upon the cover, where their hive was, and form a cluster there; finally an. Fig. 53—Two Asters. explorer will crawl down to the entrance of the hive below, and a line of march in that direction will be established immediately. In a day
RMRDWFM8–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. Fig. 174. Cluster of common puffballs, Lycoperdon. At left three older ones have opened, permitting discharge of basidiospores. ' fungi are developed, as in the Agaricales, on strands of the mycelium, which often form extensive net-like threads in rot- ten stumps, logs, sawdust and humus (Fig. 174). The puffballs vary in size from a pea to over a foot in diameter. When young, they consist of white cheesy masses of hyphae which form in. Fig. 175. Diagram of a section of one of the puffballs, showing the thick skin of periderm and the irregular cavitie
RMRM8HA5–. Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture ... Agriculture -- New York (State). 105 Watch apple buds. The scales do not elongate as in the pear but the flower-buds are mixed. Fig. 63 shows the expandino-cluster from an apple flower-bud. Four flowers will open; and there are six leaves. If the buds are made to open in the house on severed twigs, the leaves do not grow so large before the flowers expand, for the twig does not contain sufticient food. Fig. 64 is a photograph of an apple twig which I had in my window one winter's day. * * *. 63.— Opening of nn apple hud.. Please note that
RMRE2CTP–. Plants and their uses; an introduction to botany. Botany; Botany, Economic. VARIOUS FOOD-PLANTS 99. Fig. 107, II.—Banana. A, tip of flower cluster, .showing the large purplish bracts which protect the mostly yellowish flowers till thej' are fully developed. B, a cluster of flowers behind a bract. C, a single flower (Petersen.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Sargent, Frederick Leroy, 1863-. New York, H. H
RMRDHFBT–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. 24 KEY AND FLORA The flower cluster and the flower of a sedge may be under- stood from an inspection of Fig. 6. The species are even more difficult to determine than those of grasses.. Pig. 5. Inflorescence, flower, and seed, of a sedge (Great Bulrush, Scirpus lacustris) A, magnified flower, surrounded by a perianth of hypogynous bristles; B, the seed; O, section ol the seed, showing the small embryo inclosed in the base of the endosperm. (After Lindley) 6. ARACE.^;. Arum Family Perennial herbs, with pungent or acrid juice. Leaves often netted-veined. Sm
RMRE1R0Y–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 253 The spore-producing hyphae in the young aecidia form a rather loose stratum of somewhat elongated cells (Fig. 162, A, i). These cells divide, forming an upper series of cells which are smaller and narrower than the lower or basal cells. These upper cells are sterile, ultimately disappearing, and they have been compared. Fig. 162A. Spore formation in a cluster cup: I, appearance of the hyphae in a young cup. 2, one of the cells from Fig. i, after it has divided into- the sterile cell and the large basal cell. 3, early stage i
RMRJ4XN0–. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. Fig. 135. l-i^ j:{6. level, the cluster is a corumh [F'i^. 18r>). If the flowers in a head were elevated ou separate pedicels of the same leugth, radiating like the ribs of an umbrella, we should have an umbel, of whicli tlie flowers of Geranium and Parsnip (Fig. 49) are examples. A raceme will be comiumml (Fig. 180) if, instead of a solitary flower, there is a raccnw in mrh cu-il, and a simi
RMRH9FR6–. Botany; an elementary text for schools. Plants. 140 PARTICULAR FORMS OF FLOWERS united in tlie center bj' tlie base of the style-tube, which forms a cone-shaped body that separates from the torus when the fruit is ripe. Do all of the ovaries develop, or are some crowded out in the struggle for existence? The calyx IS often reinforced by bracts, which look like an extra calyx. These bracts form an involucre. An in- volucre is a circle or whorl of bracts standing just below a flower or a flower- cluster. The umbel of wild carrot (Fig. 180) has an involucre below it. A large family of plants, k
RMRDCXNF–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 433. — Flowers and fruit of the Flowering Spurge (Euphorbia corollata). At the right, a por- tion of a plant in flower; above, at the left, a flower cluster consisting of one pistillate flower and a number of staminate flowers enclosed by an in- volucre (i) bearing appendages resembling petals; at the right of the flower cluster, a single stami- nate flower with anther at a; below, at the left, a flower cluster with staminate flowers removed to show the pistillate flower; below, at the right, a pistillate flower in fruit, showing the ovary (c),
RMRGWWN2–. Bulletin. 1901-13. Agriculture; Agriculture. Fiu. 4.—A single beet flower and a cluster of buds. These sepals are not united with each other along the edges except near the base, so that when the flower opens they form a five-pointed star (fig. 3). It is these five sepals which form the five points of the star when the seed is ripe (PI. VIII, fig. 4). These parts, as well as the remainder of the seed coats, turn brown upon the ripening of the seeds. The second set of or- gans consists of five stamens, one opposite each sepal (fig. 3, B). Each stamen consists of a fine stalk, called a filamen
RMRGWCAA–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 334 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 32. Art. 4 sample dates the bays (littoral areas) and limnetic areas were usually quite similar in phytoplankton. However, during the winter months Station 7 zooplankton MODIFIED JFlCCflflD INDEX .fffl .ISO. LAKE SflNGCHRIS PHTTOPLflNKTON CLUSTER flNHLTSlS - 26 JULT 1976 Fig. 7.—Cluster analysis of 64 phytoplankton samples from Lake Sangchris, 26 July 1976.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and app
RMRG39G0–. The Cactaceae : descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family. Fig. 225.. Fig. 226. Fig. 225.—Flower o. Utahia sileri. x 1.5. Fig. 226.—Flower-scale of Utahia sileri. x 6. Fig. 227.—Spine-cluster of Utahia sileri. Natural size.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Britton, Nathaniel Lord, 1859-1934; Rose, J. N. (Joseph Nelson), 1862-1928. Washington : Carnegie Institution of Washington
RMRHWF52–. Foundations of Botany. Botany. Fig. 16. — Euphorbia corollata. A, flower-cluster with involucre, the whole appearing like a single flower ; B, a single staminate flower : C, immature fertile flower, as seen after the removal of the sterile flowers ; i, involucre ; s, stigmas. cells or twice as many. Fruit a 3-lobed capsule. Seeds con- taining fleshy or oily endosperm (Part I, Fig. 2). Most of the family are natives of hot regions, many of them of pecu- liar aspect from their adaptation to life in dry climates. [The family is too difficult for the beginner in botany to determine many of its g
RMRJH1H7–. The bee-keepers' guide; or, Manual of the apiary. Bees. 126 Bottom and Alighting Boards. decided advantage. Bees can never cluster under it while being manipulated in summer, and in winter by simply turn- ing it over and partially filling with chaff, or saw-dust, we help to protect against cold and damp and give more room below the frames. THE ALIGHTING BOARD. This should be separate from the bottom board (Fig. 40, c). It is made by sawing a piece of two-by-four scantling, eight inches long, diagonally across from two of the shortest edges. These two pieces (Fig. 40, d) thus formed become re
RMRH0B60–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. Fig. 1. Bud of Baldwin. July 29, 1928 (after Rasmussen). Typical of leaf and shoot buds. n^F^' /. â .*:; Fig. 2. An earlv stage in tlie development of a flower bud cluster. Ikddw'.n, August 20. 1928 (after Rasmussen).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. [Hanover, N. H. ] : New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station
RMRDTHP0–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. ROOTS 3S primary roots, that is, a cluster proceeding from the lower end of the hypocotyl at the outset. If such roots become thickened, like those of the sweet potato and the dahlia (Fig. 17), they are known && fascicled roots.. Fig. 14. Dodder growing upon a Golden-Rod Stem. s, seedling dodder plants, growing in earth; ft, stem of host; r, haustoria or parasitic roots of dodder; i, scale-like leaves; ^, magnified section of a portion of willow stem, showing penetration of haustoria.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page
RMRDT57J–. The principles of fruit-growing, with applications to practice. Fruit-culture. Winter-Killing of Buds 307 Fig. 112 shows the structure of the peach-bud (after Halsted); at a is shown a longitudinal section (enlarged) in winter, the pistil, or fruit-bearing organ, being in the center; at b is shown a section of a partially opened bud. A true fruit-bud is one in which the flower, or cluster of flowers, is present in miniature. This flower occupies the very center of the bud, and is surrounded by dense layers of scales. A healthy bud is normally green in the central part in cross-section. When
RMRH94N9–. Botany for secondary schools; a guide to the knowledge of the vegetation of the neighborhood. Plants. r* 189. Terminal heads of the white- weed (in some places erro- neously called ox-eye daisy). 190. Catkins of black walnut, at/). Pistillate flowers at a. Paragraph 284. vex or flat, it is a corymb. (Fig. 192.) The outer- most flowers open first. Fig. 193 shows many corymbs of the bridal wreath, one of the spireas. 255. When the branches of an indeterminate cluster arise from a common point, like the frame of an umbrella, the cluster is an umbel. (Fig. 194.) Typical umbels occur in carrot, p
RMRM72MT–. Annual report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). 105. "Watcli apple buds. The scales do not elongate as in the pear but the flower-buds are mixed. Fig. 63 shows the expandino-cluster from an apple flower-bud. Four flowers will open; and there are six leaves. If the buds are made to open in the house on severed twigs, the leaves do not grow so large before the flowers expand, for the twig does not contain sufiicient food. Fig. 64 is a photograph of an apple twig which I had in my window one winter'
RMRJJD31–. Bee culture; or, Successful management of the apiary. Bees. Figs. 48 and 49.—Van Deusen Bee Feeders. ber. The food is poured into the tin can (Fig. 48), and is inverted and placed over a hole in the top of the hive or directly over the frames, bringing the perforated surface close to the bees (Fig. 49); they can easily remove the food with- out leaving the cluster. It does not ventilate the hive; it can be used at any season, and is adapted to any hive.. Fig. 50.—Shuck's Bee Feeder. Shuck's Bee Feeder feeds at the front entrance, any time in the day, without danger from robbers, as the food
RMRFPFBP–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Fig. 226. Fig. 225.—Flower o. Utahia sileri. x 1.5. Fig. 226.—Flower-scale of Utahia sileri. x 6. Fig. 227.—Spine-cluster of Utahia sileri. Natural size.. Fig. 227. Type locality: Cottonwood Springs and Pipe Springs, southern Utah. Distribution: Southern Utah. Through the kindness of Dr. J. M. Greenman, we have studied the type specimen of this rare plant, preserved in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Flowers, of some other cactus have been erroneously identified as of this species in other collections, but so far as we are aware
RMRDGC2H–. The natural history of plants. Botany. Fig. 160. Fruit (?).. Fig. 161. Trana. sect, of fruit ("j»). 1 The central flower is often older than those which immediately surround it. 2 Particularly in ff. bonariensis, where not only a common axis terminates in an umbel (?) of small secondary floral groups, but where the pedicels of the umhellules are accompanied by a variable number of solitary flowers inserted at the point of divergence. ^ Euhydrocoty1eT)C. Prodr.sect. 1. * Apaort from development, it might be con- sidered either a terminal cluster or a biparous cyme, in either case three-f
RMRGT951–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. Bui. 95, Part VII, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate XI.. The Alfalfa Looper and its Parasites. F'S-I;—Cocoon cluster of Apantcles hyslnpi. Fig. 2.—Cocoon of alfalfa looper (Autographa gamma californica). Fig. 3.—Larva of alfalfa looper with cocoon of Microplitis alaskcnsis. Fig 4 —Pupa of alfalfa looper. Fig. 5.—Adult alfalfa looper. Fig. 0.—Adult alfalfa looper at re;t. AH enlarged (Original.) ^ ^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digi
RMRDB7B1–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. 149 (148, 150) Bristles varying in number, without a basal swelling. Cells single Chodatella Lemmermann. Cells solitary, ellipsoidal; spines evenly distributed over the surface or in circles about the ends. Chromatophore parietal, with or without pyrenoids. Chodatdla is occasionally found in the plankton of larger lakes. Fig. 184. Chodatella citriformis Snow. X Soo. (Original.) 150 (148, 149) Bristles numerous, on the outside of the colony only. Cells usually united into a small cluster by a gelatinous substance. Franceia Lemmermann. Chromatophores tw
RMRR0AJX–. Agriculture of Maine : ... annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Maine. Agriculture -- Maine. REPORT OF state; ENTOMOLOGIST. 197. APPLE TREE TEST CATERPILLAR. Fig. 7. Malacosoma americana; a, b, caterpillars; c, egg-mass; (, pupa; e, female; f, male. (Riley. Bulletiu M, Div. of Entomology, U. i. Dept. of AgrL). EGG CLUSTER. The egg-cluster is deposited around the twig in a cylindrical mass, about two hundred in number. They are varnished over with a glue-like substance which glistens in the sun, and are quite easily seen. These remain from the time they are laid i
RMREA4B9–. Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. Plants. Apr., 1923] GLEASON VERNONIA IN NORTH AMERICA 195 of the stem, and new vegetative parts appear only from the perennial base of the plant. In the fifth and last stage, only a few terminal and subtermi- nal heads retain the umbellate arrangement, while from the upper stem axils similar clusters arise, producing a broad, flat-topped or hemispheric cluster with all the heads peduncled. These five stages are shown diagram- matically in figure 2.. Fig. 2. Modifications of the inflorescence in the bractless Vernoniae of North America A. Stag
RMRE0M4N–. Experiments with plants. Botany. PLAXTS WHICH CAl'SE BBC AT •iU.'l a mycelium which spreads rapidly through the Iiaf aud finally forms spores known as cluster-cup spr)rH> (or secidiospores). These spores, as their name implies, are arranged in clusters in cup- like cavities of the leaf (Fig. 228), which are produced by their growth. On exam- ining thin sections of the leaf carefully, we see that the cluster-cup spores are in long chains borne on short stalks (Fig. 229). On the upper surface of the leaf occur smaller cavities filled with smaller slender spore-bearing stalks; their function
RMRN5MHE–. Animal castration; a book for the use of students and practitioners. Castration; Spaying. 210 ANIMAL CASTRATION animals. This illustration was purposely made from a grown hen. One object being to enable the amateur operator to know the comparative dif- ference between the internal genitals of a hen and those of a pullet of proper age and size for operation. Fig. 208 shows the organs after being removed from the abdominal cavity of the hen. They consist of (A) egg. Fig. 208—Internal genitals of hen. A. Egg cluster; B-B, egg passage; C, cloaca; D, frimbriated extremity of fallopian tube. clust
RMRDWFW6–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 253 The spore-producing hyphae in the young aecidia form a rather loose stratum of somewhat elongated cells (Fig. 162, ^, i). These cells divide, forming an upper series of cells which are smaller and narrower than the lower or basal cells. These upper cells are sterile, ultimately disappearing, and they have been compared. Fig. 162^. Spore formatiorl in a cluster cup: i, appearance of the hyphae in a young cup. 2, one of the cells from Fig. i, after it has divided into the sterile cell and the large basal cell. 3, early stage i
RMRE3AFJ–. Practical botany. Botany. Fig. 277. Dragon-root, a plant of the Arum family, a monocotyledon with netted-veined leaves A, entire plant; t, tuber; B, the flower cluster surrounded by a hood-like bract. About one eighth natural size 342. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917; Caldwell, Otis William, 1869- joint author. Boston, New York [etc. ] Ginn and company
RMRDX11Y–. Field, forest, and wayside flowers; with chapters on grasses, sedges, and ferns; untechnical studies for unlearned lovers of nature. Flowers; Botany. Field, Forest, and Wayside Flowers. Fig. 52.—From low-lying fields. "Wool-grass" (Eritkarum cyperinum); 2, the fruit with surrounding hairs; • • ' ^ ' a cluster of flowers and scales *3, "beak-rufh" i^Rkynckospora glovierata) 4. of the " beak-rush "; 5, us ripe fruit with accon accompanying bristles.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for rea
RMRDB7B8–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE FRESH-WATER ALGAE 155. 149 (148, 150) Bristles varying in number, without a basal swelling. Cells single Chodatella Lemmermann. Cells solitary, ellipsoidal; spines evenly distributed over the surface or in circles about the ends. Chromatophore parietal, with or without pyrenoids. Chodatdla is occasionally found in the plankton of larger lakes. Fig. 184. Chodatella citriformis Snow. X Soo. (Original.) 150 (148, 149) Bristles numerous, on the outside of the colony only. Cells usually united into a small cluster by a gelatinous substance. Franceia Le
RMRDA7JP–. Injurious insects : how to recognize and control them . Insect pests; Insect pests. 298 PESTS OF ORCHARD ASD SMALL FRCITS. Fig. 445. -Adult of the Leaf Crumpler. Enlarged and natural size. Original. early spring and attack the tender foliage, dra'sving the leaves of a cluster more or less together with silk. Before long the dried bunches of dead leaves are conspicuous. The adult is a moth, e.x-panding about three fourths of an inch, its wings gray, with darker and Ughter markings. Eggs are laid in mid- summer, and the young lar-£e feed for a time, later moTng to the twigs where they can- s
RMRDDA2E–. Lessons in botany. Botany. Fig-. 163. White pine, branch with cluster of mature cones shedding the seed. A few young cones four months old are shown on branch at the left. Drawn from photograph. spread as they do when mature and becoming dry, in order that the seeds may be set at liberty. The general outline of the cone is lanceolate, or long oval, and somewhat curved. It measures about 10-15 cm long. If we remove one Fig. 164. Mature cone of white pine at time of scattering of the seed, nearly natural size.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have
RMRH84MN–. Botany; principles and problems. Botany. THE STEM AMJ ITS FUNCTIONS 95 Beneath this is the cortex, varying in thickness ])ut rare!}' oceupy- ing as prominent a place in the stem as it does in the root. Beneath the cortex hes the jibro-vascular cylinder which, iinhke its counterpart in the root, is arranged in the form of a hollow tube. The core of this tube is occupied by the yith, a tissue. Fig. 47.—Bulb and corm. {A), longitudinal section through the bulb of a hyacinth. The short, broad stem bears a cluster of fleshy leaves, the central ones of which grow out as foliage leaves. {B), longit
RMRDK78D–. Handbook of the trees of the northern states and Canada east of the Rocky Mountains, photo-descriptive . Trees. BUTTERNUT. WHITE WALNUT. OIL-NUT. JugJans cinerea L.. Fig. 59. Branchlet bearing leaves and cluster of fruit, i ; fruit in cross-section, 2 ; dried nuts with epicarp removed, 3 ; branchlet in winter, 4. 60. Isolated trunk in Elaci< River valley. Lewis Co., N. Y.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
RMRE0TMA–. Plants and their uses; an introduction to botany. Botany; Botany, Economic. .. Fig. 293.—Meadow Hue {TkoLictniia Jlaoatu, Crowfoot Faiijil^-, Ranuncu- lacea). A, flower-cluster. B, flower, enlarged. C, same, cut vertically. D, floral diagram. E, pistils. F, fruit, entire, and cut vertically. G, seed. (LeMaout and Decaisne.)—Perennial herb about 1 m. tall; flowers yellow; fruit dry. Native home, Eurasia. stalk of its owi^, called a 'peiiohtlcJ Such leaves are classed as divided or compound. If, as in this example, the leaflets or their petiolules spring directly from the main petiole the le
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