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RMRDJFJM–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PHYCOMYCETES 163 an acute stage. Older onions are apparently more susceptible than young, and recovery in the former case is seldom. The fungus. The mycelium is considerable, and it penetrates practically all parts of the leaf. The minute haustoria are numerous,. Fig. 57. Onion Mildew (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) Fig. 58. Mature Conidiophore, Germinat- ing CONIDIUM, AND MYCELIUM OF ONION Peronospora. (c after Whetzel) thread-like, and often branched at the tip. The conidiophores a
RMRH8XMN–. Botany for high schools. Botany. GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF PLANTS the fungus. In the onion mildew (Peronospora schleidenianu) the spore germinates by a germ tube which forms the mycelium. In the grape downy mildew (Flasmopara viticola) the protoplasm of the spore (conidium) first divides into several smaller bodies which form bean-shaped zoospores with two lateral cilia. These escape from the conidium (really a spore case in the downy mil- dews), swim about for a time, then come to rest, germinate and produce mycelium again if they are favorably situated. The spores of the potato blight germinat
![. Timber and some of its diseases. Timber; Trees. xm] "DAMPING OFF" OF SEEDLING-TREES. 279 that this explains how it is that the disease is spread in patches from centres, and also why the spread is so rapid in close, damp weather. When a conidium germinates in a drop of dew for instance, the normal process is as follows. The proto- plasm in the interior of the pear-shaped conidium. Fig 44 —Portion of epidtrmis of a beech-seedling, on which the conidia of the Fhyiofhthora have fallen and burst, a and d^ emitting the motile zoospores, b^ •winch soon come to rest and germinate, r, by p Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RD8FMJ/timber-and-some-of-its-diseases-timber-trees-xm-quotdamping-offquot-of-seedling-trees-279-that-this-explains-how-it-is-that-the-disease-is-spread-in-patches-from-centres-and-also-why-the-spread-is-so-rapid-in-close-damp-weather-when-a-conidium-germinates-in-a-drop-of-dew-for-instance-the-normal-process-is-as-follows-the-proto-plasm-in-the-interior-of-the-pear-shaped-conidium-fig-44-portion-of-epidtrmis-of-a-beech-seedling-on-which-the-conidia-of-the-fhyiofhthora-have-fallen-and-burst-a-and-d-emitting-the-motile-zoospores-b-winch-soon-come-to-rest-and-germinate-r-by-p-RD8FMJ.jpg ". Timber and some of its diseases. Timber; Trees. xm] "DAMPING OFF" OF SEEDLING-TREES. 279 that this explains how it is that the disease is spread in patches from centres, and also why the spread is so rapid in close, damp weather. When a conidium germinates in a drop of dew for instance, the normal process is as follows. The proto- plasm in the interior of the pear-shaped conidium. Fig 44 —Portion of epidtrmis of a beech-seedling, on which the conidia of the Fhyiofhthora have fallen and burst, a and d^ emitting the motile zoospores, b^ •winch soon come to rest and germinate, r, by p Stock Photo")
RMRD8FMJ–. Timber and some of its diseases. Timber; Trees. xm] "DAMPING OFF" OF SEEDLING-TREES. 279 that this explains how it is that the disease is spread in patches from centres, and also why the spread is so rapid in close, damp weather. When a conidium germinates in a drop of dew for instance, the normal process is as follows. The proto- plasm in the interior of the pear-shaped conidium. Fig 44 —Portion of epidtrmis of a beech-seedling, on which the conidia of the Fhyiofhthora have fallen and burst, a and d^ emitting the motile zoospores, b^ •winch soon come to rest and germinate, r, by p
![. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. THALLOPHYTES 69 out a tube that penetrates between the body segments or through the breathing pores of the insect. The myceUum finally kills it, filling the body in its vegeta- tive growth. At this stage reproduction begins, the mycelium sending out numer- ous short branches, from which eventually sporophores arise, reaching the surface of the body and each abstricling a single conidium, which is squirted off much as is the sporangium in Pilobolus, the dead body of a fly adhering to a window pane often being surrounded by a " Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDYG2K/a-textbook-of-botany-for-colleges-and-universities-botany-thallophytes-69-out-a-tube-that-penetrates-between-the-body-segments-or-through-the-breathing-pores-of-the-insect-the-myceuum-finally-kills-it-filling-the-body-in-its-vegeta-tive-growth-at-this-stage-reproduction-begins-the-mycelium-sending-out-numer-ous-short-branches-from-which-eventually-sporophores-arise-reaching-the-surface-of-the-body-and-each-abstricling-a-single-conidium-which-is-squirted-off-much-as-is-the-sporangium-in-pilobolus-the-dead-body-of-a-fly-adhering-to-a-window-pane-often-being-surrounded-by-a-quot-RDYG2K.jpg ". A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. THALLOPHYTES 69 out a tube that penetrates between the body segments or through the breathing pores of the insect. The myceUum finally kills it, filling the body in its vegeta- tive growth. At this stage reproduction begins, the mycelium sending out numer- ous short branches, from which eventually sporophores arise, reaching the surface of the body and each abstricling a single conidium, which is squirted off much as is the sporangium in Pilobolus, the dead body of a fly adhering to a window pane often being surrounded by a " Stock Photo")
RMRDYG2K–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. THALLOPHYTES 69 out a tube that penetrates between the body segments or through the breathing pores of the insect. The myceUum finally kills it, filling the body in its vegeta- tive growth. At this stage reproduction begins, the mycelium sending out numer- ous short branches, from which eventually sporophores arise, reaching the surface of the body and each abstricling a single conidium, which is squirted off much as is the sporangium in Pilobolus, the dead body of a fly adhering to a window pane often being surrounded by a "
![. Microbes & toxins. Bacteriology; Toxins; Antitoxins. 134 MICROBES AND TOXINS attempt to destroy them by digestion: a struggle takes place, sometimes the Daphnia is victorious, sometimes it succumbs. In tlie young of a vertebrate, the axolotl, if the non-vascular rudiment of the fin is pricked with a needle charged with a little carmine or indigo powder, the migratory cells can be seen. "^^^ Fig. 50.—Two leucocytes of Daphnia sur- rounding a conidium of Monospora. (Melchnikofif.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDGY20/microbes-amp-toxins-bacteriology-toxins-antitoxins-134-microbes-and-toxins-attempt-to-destroy-them-by-digestion-a-struggle-takes-place-sometimes-the-daphnia-is-victorious-sometimes-it-succumbs-in-tlie-young-of-a-vertebrate-the-axolotl-if-the-non-vascular-rudiment-of-the-fin-is-pricked-with-a-needle-charged-with-a-little-carmine-or-indigo-powder-the-migratory-cells-can-be-seen-quot-fig-50two-leucocytes-of-daphnia-sur-rounding-a-conidium-of-monospora-melchnikofif-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanc-RDGY20.jpg ". Microbes & toxins. Bacteriology; Toxins; Antitoxins. 134 MICROBES AND TOXINS attempt to destroy them by digestion: a struggle takes place, sometimes the Daphnia is victorious, sometimes it succumbs. In tlie young of a vertebrate, the axolotl, if the non-vascular rudiment of the fin is pricked with a needle charged with a little carmine or indigo powder, the migratory cells can be seen. "^^^ Fig. 50.—Two leucocytes of Daphnia sur- rounding a conidium of Monospora. (Melchnikofif.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc Stock Photo")
RMRDGY20–. Microbes & toxins. Bacteriology; Toxins; Antitoxins. 134 MICROBES AND TOXINS attempt to destroy them by digestion: a struggle takes place, sometimes the Daphnia is victorious, sometimes it succumbs. In tlie young of a vertebrate, the axolotl, if the non-vascular rudiment of the fin is pricked with a needle charged with a little carmine or indigo powder, the migratory cells can be seen. "^^^ Fig. 50.—Two leucocytes of Daphnia sur- rounding a conidium of Monospora. (Melchnikofif.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc
RMRDD7W2–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 177.—Theca;phora hyalina. Pluricellu- lar spore, with two cells (spores) germinating. (After Worontn.). Fig. 17S.—Sorosporium sajfiynariae (var. Lycknidi£ dioicae.) Matui'e spore-mass, and spores germinating. (After Woronin.) promycelium from the apex of which a single conidium is produced. Thecaphora lathyri Kiihn. Spore-balls formed in the seeds of Lathyrus pratensis, and escaping as a brown powder on dehisce
RMRDJFNC–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PHYCOMYCETES 151. beak-like projections. The developing cushions break the epidermis and the mature spores are set free. Fig. 50, a, shows a section through a conidial cushion. Under favorable conditions germina- tion of the conidia proceeds promptly and each conidium becomes a zoosporangium, the protoplasmic contents dividing into six or more parts which emerge through an opening developed either ba- sally or terminally. The zoospores are set free as ovate swarm cells with two une
RMRDDYHN–. The diseases of crops and their remedies : a handbook of economic biology for farmers and students. Plant diseases. 52 DISEASES OF CROPS. 22) is examined beneath the microscope,i t^g mycelium of the fungus will be seen ramifying among the cells of the leaf. Wherever the mycelium comes in contact with the cells of the host-plant, they become discoloured. This is. Fig. 22.—Potato FnNous (Peronospora infestans). A to B. Transverse section of potato leaf, showing my celiom (spawn) of fungnp. A. Lower surface Witt two stomata (C) and eonidiophores passing through them. D. Conidium (spore). E. Zoo
RFKG56T9–Penicillium fungus. Computer illustration of a Penicillium sp. fungus. Specialised threads, called conidiophores, are seen. Bunches of spores, called conidia, are the fungal reproductive units. The antibiotic penicillin is obtained from certain types of Penicillium fungi. Other types are used in the fermentation of cheeses.
RMRH8EGX–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. /. J Fig. 355. Stages of germination of one of the conidia of Phytophthora. a, the ripe conidium in water, b, protoplasmic contents breaking up into blocks, which separate and escape (r, d) as minute kidney-shaped zoospores (e), each with two cilia. /, g, the zoospore coming to rest, and losing its cilia, h, i, j, k, stages of germination of the zoospore. Highly magnified. (After Marshall Ward.) A single egg, or ovum, is differentiated in the middle of the oogonium, by passage of all the nuclei but one to a peripheral position. The uninucleate ovum is then
RMRDDWKD–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 128 PHYCOMYCETES. arise in tufts from the stomata; they are branched in various ways, and from each branchlet a single conidium is abjointed. The contents of the conidia emerge as swarming cells with two lateral cilia, or as vesicles which emit a germ-tube. The egg-cells occur singly in each oogonium, and are fertilized by an antheridium. The oospores remain long enclosed in the thick-walled oogonium.. Fig. S9.Ploj
RMRDXHC4–. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. Fig. 44.—Stages of germination of a conidium or sporangium of Phytoph- thora. a, ripe condition ; 6, contents breaking up into blocks ; which escape, c, d ; as zoospores, e ; with two cilia, /, g ; zoospores at rest, g, h; and germinating, i, j, k. After Marshall Ward. stomata, soon becoming branched towards the apex once, twice, or several times in a furcate manner, the tip of each ultimate branch bearing a single oval or elliptical hyaline conidium, or, in the present
RMRDJ69M–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 324 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS. FlG. 155. COLLETOTRICHUM FROM BEAN : an Isolation Culture. (Photograph by Geo. F. Atkinson) a few dark colored setae are developed.1 The conidia measure 15-19 x 3.5—5.5/*. They germinate readily and usually become septate during the process. Each conidium is inclosed by a gelatinous envelope which when dry glues it to other spores or to any object upon which it falls ; when moist, however, the spores are readily sepa- rated and distributed. Control.
RMRDJ69G–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. FlG. 155. COLLETOTRICHUM FROM BEAN : an Isolation Culture. (Photograph by Geo. F. Atkinson) a few dark colored setae are developed.1 The conidia measure 15-19 x 3.5—5.5/*. They germinate readily and usually become septate during the process. Each conidium is inclosed by a gelatinous envelope which when dry glues it to other spores or to any object upon which it falls ; when moist, however, the spores are readily sepa- rated and distributed. Control. Very diverse methods of controll
RMRDHRPP–. Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. POLYMORPHISM. 189 of spores, which, are so much the older, the farther they stand from the sterigma. The number of the links in a chain of spores reaches in normal specimens to ten or more. All sterigmata spring up at the same time, and keep pace with one another in the formation of the spores. Every spore grows for a time, according to its construction, and at last separates itself from. Fig. 102.—a. Aspwgillus glaitcvs; b. conidia; c. germinating conidium; d. con- ceptacle of Bv.roiiv.rn ; <: ascue. its neighbours. The mass of dismembered spores form
RMRE38R4–. Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup;. Fungi. Fig. 39. Ceratophorum setosum. 1. Conidia. ^-. 2. A single conidium. -p. 3. Hyphes aud chlamydospores, cultivated on artificial substrat. -^. 4. A series of chlamydospores. ^. From R 05 b.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lind, Jens Vilhelm August, 1874-; Rostrup, E. (Emil), 1831-1907. Copenhagen, Gyldendalske Boghandel-Nordisk Forlag
RMRGWGK8–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 16. Fig. 13.—Conidia of H. No. 1: a. showing septa from two depths of focus; b, two germinat- ing conidia witli germ-tubes anastomosing. always, shrinkage of the protoplasts such as is shown in Fig. 11, this shrink- age being usually most pronounced in the end of the conidium showing most vigorous growth. To all appearance the endosporium serves as a stored food and is consumed in germination, since its presence in much diminished quantity in germinated conidia is evident when such conidia are crushed. 1 he conidiophore-cells also occasionally func
RMREF65Y–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 362.—Auricularia Auricula-Judae. 1. Section of hymenium. 2 to 4. Germina- tion of basidiospores with falcate conidia. 5. Falcate conidium, C, germinating to slender mycelium. 6. Conidiophore from a coremium of falcate conidia. (1 to 5 X 280; 6 X 66; after Sappin-Trouffy, 1896, and Brefeld, 1888.) Septobasidiaceae.—This family includes four genera which are not very closely related, but present a series with increasing differentia- tion of the zeugites.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digital
RMRH8ECR–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. PHYC0MYCETES.-(6) ZYGOMYCETES 425 these parasites the sporangiopliores are profusely branched. :ind tlu-. many unicellular, conidium-like bodies, easily detached, and carried l.> w.. wind. That they are really sporangia of very reduced form is indicated by intermediate types, with minute sporangia, which contain a few spores. Evcu Mucor itself, when starved, may produce such small sporangia, which show how the still simpler condition may arise. The family thus illustrates a trar, from water-dispersal, by spores produced internally in few large sporan, d
RMREF7C1–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 213.—Sclerotinia Urnula. 1. Young conidial chain. 2. Older stage showing fundaments of disjunctors. 3. Mature conidial chain. 4. Germinating conidium with germ tube beginning to sprout. (X 345; after Woronin, 1889.) detaches in the middle (mutatis mutandis, somewhat as in Albugo) a small conidial plug (Fig. 213). Both plugs form a fusiform body, thedisjunctor. Hence the connection between the conidia has become very loose. When they are touched by insects they cling to them and thus reach the stigmas of their host. Here they germinate to mycelia w
RMRGKBMH–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany. THE LICHENICOLOUS HYPHOMYCETES 261. lOfxm Fig. 39 Teratosperma anacardii (IM1 895376 except as indicated). A, Conidiophores. B, Conidia (a, secondary conidia; b, conidium from 1M1 10442—isotype). was a lichenicolous species and he further demonstrated that the acicular appendages on the apical and lateral cells figured by Hansford were in reality a kind of microconidia. Similar microconidia occur in T. Hchenicola (p. 262) but are unknown in most species of the genus. This fungus appears to be primarily a pathogen of Strigula elegans al
RMREF6CN–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 432 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI laterally, arise four, occasionally five or six, protuberances which become ellipsoidal, sessile spores (Fig 273, 1 and 2). In damp weather they germinate while on the basidium without being ab join ted, and each forms a short germ tube (Figs. 273, 3 and 4; 274, 8 and 9) which may branch and swell terminally to a conidium, slightly curved and pointed at the end. The conidia abjoint and germinate immediately, in T. helicospora by further sprouting. In T. deliquescens, the basidiospore, the germ tube and conidia are un
RMREE45R–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 80 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI In Phytophthora (Fig. 45, 2 to 7), Albugo, Basidiophora, Sclerospora and, in part, Plasmopora (Fig. 48, C), the stage of the germ sac has almost entirely disappeared. Here the mature zoospores swarm directly out of the conidium. In other forms, the formation of swarm spores is suppressed and replaced by the direct development of conidia to a myce- lium. Thus in Plasmopara pygmaea, the undivided content of the conid- ium swells out of the top, rounds off and puts out a germ tube. In Bremia, the conidium germinates dire
RMRH1N2C–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi -- Great Britain. 442 FUNGUS-FLOrtA.. ff. V^^'^' FIGURES ILLUSTRATIXG THE STILBEAE. Fig. i, Exosporium tiliae; section of fungus and conidium;—Fig. 2, Epiclocldum atrovirens; section of fungus, and portion of hyjiliae with a conidium;—Fig. 3, Myrothecium inundaium: general appearance of fungus, and portion of section showing conidiophores bearing conidia ;— Fig. 4, Atrobotryum airum:—Fig. 5, Aegerita Candida;—Fig. 6, Dendro- docliium affine;—Fig. 7, Tuherculina persicina ;—Fig. 8, Volutella ciliata; —Fig, 9, sterile hypha and tw
RMRGWGMR–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 113. Fig. 11.—Conidia of H. No. 1: a and b, with outer wall cracked open by pres- sure, the inner hyaline wall and the pro- toplasts emerging; c. another conidium with the outer wall crushed by pressure, the two protoplasts walled and touching; d, similar to c, but with the protoplasts separate; e, immersion-lens view of two protoplasts within a conidium, showing thickening at their point of nearest approach to each other; /, a longitudinal microtome-section of a conidium from which both sides have been cut away; g. a cross-section of a conidium sh
RMRDJF3B–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 276 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS produced. Some observers have recorded extreme sizes, 6-40 x l-jp. More frequently, however (Von Schrenk), they are 12- 16 x 4-6/*. The conidia germinate readily, and upon germination almost invariably become septate. Under unfavorable conditions a germ tube may develop at its tip a brown resting cell termed a secondary conidium or appressorium. It is believed that the germ tube may obtain entrance to the fruit through the uninjured skin of the apple
RMRDWAHB–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. -^c^m. Fig. 176.—(^stopus candidus. A, branch of mycelium,/, growing at the apex, ^, and giving off haustoria, A, into the cells of the pith of Lepidium sativum. B^ co- nidia-bearing portions of the mycelium, with conidia in rows, C, a conidium with its protoplasm divided. D, contents of conidia escaping as swarm-spores (zoospores). E.t swarm-spores (zoospores), with cilia. F, germinating swarm-spores. (?, two swarm- spores, sp^ germinating on u stoma and penetrating it. M^ a swarm-spore, s??, of the potato disease (Peronospwa infestans) penetrat
RMRR1DP1–. Agricultural plant pest control : a study manual for commercial and governmental pesticide applicators . Weeds; Pests. Inside the insect the tungus feeds on organs and eventually. Resting spore falls Conidium gets stuck on the body of a foraging grasshopper, germinates there, and penetrates the hopper's cuticle. and remains on under soil Spore germinates the same or following year, and forms a sticky conidium which it ejects into surrounding area Table 1. Grasshopper nymph and adult infestation ratings based on numbers per square yard. Rating Nymphs Adults Margin Field Margin Field per squar
RMRDHNX0–. Elements of plant biology. Plant physiology. POTATO BLIGHT 177 most favourable to the spread of the fungus, for in such conditions the conidia are formed, scattered by the wind, and germinate, with the greatest rapidity.. Fig. 18.—Conidia and zoospores of Potato Blight [Phytophthora infestans). A, conidium cut off from the end of a hypha. X 500. B, conidium evacuating zoospores, x 500. C. two zoospores. x 500. D, zoospore germinating. E, branched conidiophore. The conidia have fallen from the tips of three branches, one is shown free and one still attached. The branch on the right Is just fo
RMREE47H–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 46.—Albugo Candida. 1 to 4. Formation of conidia. Albugo Portulacae. 5. Catenu- late conidia. (1 to 4 X 900; after Bary and Rosen.) clavate and closely covered with numerous small processes, each of which cuts off a conidium (Fig. 47, a); in this manner, there arises on a single conidiophore a large number of spores. Also in Bremia the tips of the branches are swollen and covered with short processes. In the other genera there appears a tendency to repeated branching. In some species of Plasmopara (Fig. 48, A) and in part in Sclerospora, there is
RMRDE6T0–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 94 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE the fungus in that conidia are produced more abundantly and retain their power of germination longer when moist. Disease spots appear two or three days after infection; conidia same nine or ten days after infection. The species is perennial in Florida'' and spreads northward as the season advances, reaching Ohio and New York by late summer. Fig. 64.—P. cubensis: 3. Conidiophore with young and old conidia. 5. Conidium. 6. Conidium germinating. 11. Zoospores. 18. Infection through a stoma. After
RMRGWGN9–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Ill away from the conidiophore the stipe remains attached to the conidium, and as it can always be seen readily when the conidium is in suitable posi- tion, it serves as a ready means of recognizing the basal end of the conidium. The stipe is equally obvious and distinguishable in H. Nos. 3, 4, 5, 13-16, etc., though in H. No. 2 and certain other numbers the stipe is of somewhat different type. While in very rare instances catenulation of conidia was observed (Fig. 9, b), this is apparently much less frequent than in the forms. Fig. 9.—H. No. 1: a,
RMRDJ13M–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. 442 FUNGUS-rJLOEA.. FIGUEES ILLUSTRATING THE STILBEAE. Fig. i, Exosporivm tiliae; section of fungus and conidium;—Fig. 2, EpidoeMum atrovirem; section of fungus, and portion of hyphae with, a conidium;—^Fig. 3, Myrothecium inundaium; general appearance of fungus, and portion of section showing oonidiophores bearing conidia ;— Fig. 4, Atrdboirymn afrum;—Fig. 5, Aegeriia Candida;—Fig. 6, Dendro- doOiimn affine;—Fig. 7, TuhercuUna persicina ;—Pig. 8, Volutella ciliata; —Pig, 9, sterile hypha and two conidiophores bearing conidia,
RMRDWA5Y–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. U^. Pre. ITO. Fig. 174.—A Tegetative hypha, m, m, of Peronospara calotheca from the tissue of Asperula satwa. The two celle hetween z z are filled with the long branching haus- toria from the hjjpha m, m. X 380.—After De Bary. Fig. 175.—Conidia-bearing hyphge of Peronosporn infestans. a, formation of the firpt conidia upon the ends of slender pedicels ; 6, the formation of the second and third conidia ; the pedicel is prolil'erouB from the base of each conidium after it is formed, and thus the conidia, which are actually terminal, come to appear
RMRDGX22–. The diseases of crops and their remedies : a handbook of economic biology for farmers and students. Plant diseases. 142 DISEASES OF CROPS. Cure.—See those already described for destroying P. infestans (the potato-disease fungus). The Fusisporium of Cabbages {Fusisporium aurantiacum) has a similar life-history to F. solani. Fig. 47.—White Bust Fungus of Cabbages (Cystoput candidus). A. Mycelium bearing conidia. x 195. B. Conidium (zoosporangium) producing zoospores, x 405, C. Oogonium (1) and antheridium (2). x 195. D. Oospore (resting-spores). x 195. E. Inner membrane of oospore containing z
RFM2095B–Penicillium fungus. Computer illustration of a Penicillium sp. fungus. Specialised threads, called conidiophores, are seen. Bunches of spores, called conidia, are the fungal reproductive units. The antibiotic penicillin is obtained from certain types of Penicillium fungi. Other types are used in the fermentation of cheeses.
RMREE3K8–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 72.—Basidiobolus ranarum. 1 to 3. A conidium has divided as in Fig. 70 into two halves which behave as gametangia and form a zygospore each. 4. Germinating zygospore. (1 to 3 X 335; 4 X 575; after Eidam, 1887.) conidia germinate with a single germ tube, which in insufficient nourish- ment, ends in a secondary conidium, but under favorable conditions develops to a mycelium with numerous sacs. This is coenocytic when young; after one or two days, however, it forms numerous septa. Finally. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page
RMREEPT6–. Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. Cryptogams -- Germany; Cryptogams -- Austria; Cryptogams -- Switzerland. 186 etwas dickwandiger und dunkler gefärbt, die überstehende Spitze des Astes ist zu einer dünnen, sehr spitzen, starren, septierten Borste angezogen. Auf Liebigschem Fleischextrakt in Wien (Zukal).. Chaeto conidium arachnoideum Zukal. Yergr. (Xach Zukal.) XXXIX. Acroiuoiiitiiu Link in Magaz. Ges. Xat. Fr. Berlin III, 15 (1809). — Corda Anleit. p. 50. — Sacc. Michelia JI, 17; Syll. IV, 89. Hyphen rasenbildend, verzweigt, septiert, kriech
RMREE44D–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 51.—Phytophthora erythroseptica. Development of oospores. 1. Oogonium beginning to penetrate antheridium. 2. 2 hr. 20 min. later, the oogonium begins to swell beyond the antheridium. 3. Same as 1. 4. Older stage. 5,6. Development of oogonium after it has grown through the antheridium. 7, 8. Fertilization. 9. Immature oospore. (1, 2 X 420; 3 to 9 X 800; after Pethybridge, 1913, and Murphy, 1918.) which, according to circumstances, may develop to a mycelium or cut off a conidium. The species of the Peronosporeae, e.g., Plasmopara alpina (Rosenberg,
RMRDE6RJ–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 98 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. 14 15 Fio. 67.—^P. Bchlcideni. 11. Mycelial threads between the large conductive cells of the leaf; (a) the mycelial thread; (b, b) branched or coiled haustoria; (c) branched haustorium wrapped about the nucleus. 13. Young conidiophorcs, (a, a) turn- ing toward the stoma, (b); (c) haustorium wrapped about the nucleus of the epidermal cell. 14. Mature conidiophore (a) with mature conidia, (c, c); (d) germ tube of conidium entering stoma. 15. Oospores, (a) mature oospore with old antheridium, (
RFR0E5AE–Computer illustration of fruiting bodies (conidiophores) and hyphae of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. A. fumigatus is a widely distributed saprophyte which grows on household dust, soil, and decaying vegetable matter, including stale food, hay and grain. Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. A. fumigatus can cause a number of disorders in people with compromised immune function or other lung diseases, including allergy and the serious lung disease aspergillosis. This fungus can also spread to the brain, kidneys, liver and skin.
RMRGWGGN–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 129 cell of a thread abutted against the wheat tissue (Fig. 17, g). So far as observed they differed from the usual mycelila cells only in shape. The appressoria are very numerous (Fig. 17, b). They are usually produced only after the mycelium has grown to considerable length; not, as is the case with some fungi, immediately on emergence from the conidium. In. Fig. 17: a, H. No. 1 on wheat. 24 hours after inoculation, showing mycelium arising from a conidium, an appressorium. and penetrating mycelium; b, c, d. H. No. 14, showing appressoria, penetr
RFR0E5AG–Computer illustration of fruiting bodies (conidiophores) and hyphae of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. A. fumigatus is a widely distributed saprophyte which grows on household dust, soil, and decaying vegetable matter, including stale food, hay and grain. Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. A. fumigatus can cause a number of disorders in people with compromised immune function or other lung diseases, including allergy and the serious lung disease aspergillosis. This fungus can also spread to the brain, kidneys, liver and skin.
RMRD3FR0–. The cytoplasm of the plant cell. Plant cells and tissues; Protoplasm. .Ch 1 mm 2. HmfL Fig. 107 (left). — Dematium. Bouin's method, stained with hemalum. 1, filament. 2, germinating conidium. VCM, vacuole containing metachromatin precipitates, n, nucleus. Fig. 108 (right). — Saprolegnia. Chondriome and vacuolar system. 1-3, Vital staining with neutral red. 1, tip of filament; reticular vacuole (RV) ; other elements omitted. 2, older filament; tendency of network to become a diffusely stained canal (V) containing deeply stained bodies (CM), other elements visible but unstained. 3, still older
RFR0E5AJ–Computer illustration of fruiting bodies (conidiophores) and hyphae of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. A. fumigatus is a widely distributed saprophyte which grows on household dust, soil, and decaying vegetable matter, including stale food, hay and grain. Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. A. fumigatus can cause a number of disorders in people with compromised immune function or other lung diseases, including allergy and the serious lung disease aspergillosis. This fungus can also spread to the brain, kidneys, liver and skin.
RMRDC286–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 174 ASCOMYCETES. Sph. epilobii Lk. occurs on Epilohium (U.S. America). Sph. Niesslii Thiira. on Sorbus {Pyrus) Aria. Sph. pminosa C. et Pk. on Rhiis in America.. KR9Pp Fio. 71.—Sphaerotheca castagnei. Epiphytic mycelium on epidermis of S'piraea ULmaria. Three haustoria are embedded in epidermal cells. Two conidiophores are shown, from one of which a conidium has become detached. A hair of Spiraea is shown at one sid
RFR0E5AF–Computer illustration of fruiting bodies (conidiophores) and hyphae of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. A. fumigatus is a widely distributed saprophyte which grows on household dust, soil, and decaying vegetable matter, including stale food, hay and grain. Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. A. fumigatus can cause a number of disorders in people with compromised immune function or other lung diseases, including allergy and the serious lung disease aspergillosis. This fungus can also spread to the brain, kidneys, liver and skin.
![. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 118 ^ '*-^ a H- ?^ 1^- ^—— ^^^^ f .^^ ^ "^^^u 19^ 1-^^ ^==^=^^ ^ y . y". ^^ a! e t- ^^ --^ "Wn r^ ^ ^z ^^ " ^——— Fig. 15.—Diagrams elucidating conidial shape. longitudinal axis of the conidium. In diagrams I and II, Fig. 15, the point of greatest diameter on the line a—a' is midway between the base and apex of the conidium; while in diagrams III and IV it is nearer to its base. If the conidium tapers from the point of greatest thickness toward each end a fusiform (Diagr. Ill) or elliptical (Diagr. I, 1, 2) conidium re- Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RGWGHX/bulletin-natural-history-natural-history-118-a-h-1-f-quotu-19-1-===-y-yquot-a!-e-t-quotwn-r-z-quot-fig-15diagrams-elucidating-conidial-shape-longitudinal-axis-of-the-conidium-in-diagrams-i-and-ii-fig-15-the-point-of-greatest-diameter-on-the-line-aa-is-midway-between-the-base-and-apex-of-the-conidium-while-in-diagrams-iii-and-iv-it-is-nearer-to-its-base-if-the-conidium-tapers-from-the-point-of-greatest-thickness-toward-each-end-a-fusiform-diagr-ill-or-elliptical-diagr-i-1-2-conidium-re-RGWGHX.jpg ". Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 118 ^ '*-^ a H- ?^ 1^- ^—— ^^^^ f .^^ ^ "^^^u 19^ 1-^^ ^==^=^^ ^ y . y". ^^ a! e t- ^^ --^ "Wn r^ ^ ^z ^^ " ^——— Fig. 15.—Diagrams elucidating conidial shape. longitudinal axis of the conidium. In diagrams I and II, Fig. 15, the point of greatest diameter on the line a—a' is midway between the base and apex of the conidium; while in diagrams III and IV it is nearer to its base. If the conidium tapers from the point of greatest thickness toward each end a fusiform (Diagr. Ill) or elliptical (Diagr. I, 1, 2) conidium re- Stock Photo")
RMRGWGHX–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 118 ^ '*-^ a H- ?^ 1^- ^—— ^^^^ f .^^ ^ "^^^u 19^ 1-^^ ^==^=^^ ^ y . y". ^^ a! e t- ^^ --^ "Wn r^ ^ ^z ^^ " ^——— Fig. 15.—Diagrams elucidating conidial shape. longitudinal axis of the conidium. In diagrams I and II, Fig. 15, the point of greatest diameter on the line a—a' is midway between the base and apex of the conidium; while in diagrams III and IV it is nearer to its base. If the conidium tapers from the point of greatest thickness toward each end a fusiform (Diagr. Ill) or elliptical (Diagr. I, 1, 2) conidium re-
RFR0E5AH–Computer illustration of fruiting bodies (conidiophores) and hyphae of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. A. fumigatus is a widely distributed saprophyte which grows on household dust, soil, and decaying vegetable matter, including stale food, hay and grain. Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. A. fumigatus can cause a number of disorders in people with compromised immune function or other lung diseases, including allergy and the serious lung disease aspergillosis. This fungus can also spread to the brain, kidneys, liver and skin.
RFM2095A–Penicillium fungus. Computer illustration of a Penicillium sp. fungus. Specialised threads, called conidiophores, are seen. Bunches of spores, called conidia, are the fungal reproductive units. The antibiotic penicillin is obtained from certain types of Penicillium fungi. Other types are used in the fermentation of cheeses.
RMRGKBK3–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany. THE LICHENICOLOUS HYPHOMYCETES 267. Fig. 42 Xanthoriicola physciae. A, Infected discoloured apothecia of Xanthoria parietina ( x 16). B, Conidiophores immersed in the thecium of the host ( x 1400). C-D, Conidiogenous cells ( x3500). E, Conidium in optical section and surface view ( x3500). F, Group of conidia ( x 3000). G, Conidia showing verrucose ornamentation ( x 11 000). A, F-G IMI 171822; B-E IMI 164974. F-G Scanning electron micrographs.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digi
RFM2095C–Penicillium fungus. Computer illustration of a Penicillium sp. fungus. Specialised threads, called conidiophores, are seen. Bunches of spores, called conidia, are the fungal reproductive units. The antibiotic penicillin is obtained from certain types of Penicillium fungi. Other types are used in the fermentation of cheeses.
RFKCWC3E–Aspergillus fungus, computer illustration. This is a toxic fungus that causes diseases in humans. These include fungal ear, lung and skin infections (lobomycosis, pulmonary aspergillosis, and mycotic keratitis). It also produces aflatoxin, one of the most powerful naturally occurring carcinogens. This can cause cancers and disorders of the lung, liver, spleen, stomach, colon and kidney.
RMREE3K3–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 72.—Basidiobolus ranarum. 1 to 3. A conidium has divided as in Fig. 70 into two halves which behave as gametangia and form a zygospore each. 4. Germinating zygospore. (1 to 3 X 335; 4 X 575; after Eidam, 1887.) conidia germinate with a single germ tube, which in insufficient nourish- ment, ends in a secondary conidium, but under favorable conditions develops to a mycelium with numerous sacs. This is coenocytic when young; after one or two days, however, it forms numerous septa. Finally. Yiq. 73.—Conidiobolus utriculosus. 1. Mycelium with condiopho
RFKCWC3F–Aspergillus fungus, computer illustration. This is a toxic fungus that causes diseases in humans. These include fungal ear, lung and skin infections (lobomycosis, pulmonary aspergillosis, and mycotic keratitis). It also produces aflatoxin, one of the most powerful naturally occurring carcinogens. This can cause cancers and disorders of the lung, liver, spleen, stomach, colon and kidney.
RMREE46J–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 47.—Basidiophora entospora. a, two conidiophores emerging from a stoma; st, short sterigma which forms a conidium; b, conidium with apical papilla and remains of stalk; c, zoospore from germinating conidium; d, oogonium with mature oospore, whose exospore is ridged. Empty antheridium at the right, (a X 230; b X 540; c, d X 550; after Roze and Cornu.) capable of germination up to 11 months. In some species of Albugo, the wall is thickened equatorially, forming a ring (annulus). Furthermore, in Albugo the first conidium of a chain is generally large
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