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. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 104 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS. Fig. 43.—The blight showing exudate from bark, much enlarged. This teems with the causal bacteria. After Whetzel. With the flow of sap in the spring these infested linibs become centers of reproduction. From these a milky fluid teeming with the bacteria exudes. This attracts insects which then carry the infection to other twigs and to flowers. Two additional forms of this disease, according to the part affected, are recognized: (1) flower blight, (2) body blight and canker. Neither of these differs essentially fro Stock Photo

RMRDEX1A–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 104 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS. Fig. 43.—The blight showing exudate from bark, much enlarged. This teems with the causal bacteria. After Whetzel. With the flow of sap in the spring these infested linibs become centers of reproduction. From these a milky fluid teeming with the bacteria exudes. This attracts insects which then carry the infection to other twigs and to flowers. Two additional forms of this disease, according to the part affected, are recognized: (1) flower blight, (2) body blight and canker. Neither of these differs essentially fro

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. OVARY 35. Fig. 39. — Flower and pod of the Garden Pea. A, section through the flower to show ovules, a, ovary; o, ovules; 6, stamens; t, stigma; s, style. B, the matured ovary, called pod, opened to show the matured ovules or seeds (e). Flower enlarged but pod less than natural size.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Martin, John N. (John Nathan), b. 1875. New York Stock Photo

RMPG4394–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. OVARY 35. Fig. 39. — Flower and pod of the Garden Pea. A, section through the flower to show ovules, a, ovary; o, ovules; 6, stamens; t, stigma; s, style. B, the matured ovary, called pod, opened to show the matured ovules or seeds (e). Flower enlarged but pod less than natural size.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Martin, John N. (John Nathan), b. 1875. New York

. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany; Botany. 8 HOW PLANTS GROW, 16. The Pistils are the bodies in which the seeds are formed. They be- long in the centre of the flower. The Morning-Glory has only one pistil: this is shown, enlarged, in Fig. 8. The Rose and the Buttercup have a great many. A pistil has three parts. At the bottom is the Ovary, which becomes the seed-vessel. This is prolonged upwards into a slender body, Stock Photo

RMRE2AEN–. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany; Botany. 8 HOW PLANTS GROW, 16. The Pistils are the bodies in which the seeds are formed. They be- long in the centre of the flower. The Morning-Glory has only one pistil: this is shown, enlarged, in Fig. 8. The Rose and the Buttercup have a great many. A pistil has three parts. At the bottom is the Ovary, which becomes the seed-vessel. This is prolonged upwards into a slender body,

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 39. — Flower and pod of the Garden Pea. A, section through the flower to show ovules, a, ovary; o, ovules; 6, stamens; t, stigma; s, style. B, the matured ovary, called pod, opened to show the matured ovules or seeds (e). Flower enlarged but pod less than natural size.. Fig. 40. — A, pistil of Red Clover with one side of ovary cut away so that the ovules (o) may be seen, o, stigma; s, style. B, lengthwise section through the ovary and ovules of Red Clover and very much enlarged to show the parts of the young ovules, w, ovary wall; o, ovules; s, Stock Photo

RMPG4397–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 39. — Flower and pod of the Garden Pea. A, section through the flower to show ovules, a, ovary; o, ovules; 6, stamens; t, stigma; s, style. B, the matured ovary, called pod, opened to show the matured ovules or seeds (e). Flower enlarged but pod less than natural size.. Fig. 40. — A, pistil of Red Clover with one side of ovary cut away so that the ovules (o) may be seen, o, stigma; s, style. B, lengthwise section through the ovary and ovules of Red Clover and very much enlarged to show the parts of the young ovules, w, ovary wall; o, ovules; s,

. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 200 THE FLOWER the inner or ventral sutures, so that there are only three true carpels. Select a flower that has begun to wither, so that the ovary is well developed, cut a cross section near the middle and try to make out the number of cells, or internal divisions. Make an enlarged sketch of the sec- tion as it appears under the lens (see Fig. 383), showing the arrangement of the parts, also a longitudinal section (Fig. 382) showing their relative vertical position. Label the little round bodies that represent the undevel Stock Photo

RMRE29DX–. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 200 THE FLOWER the inner or ventral sutures, so that there are only three true carpels. Select a flower that has begun to wither, so that the ovary is well developed, cut a cross section near the middle and try to make out the number of cells, or internal divisions. Make an enlarged sketch of the sec- tion as it appears under the lens (see Fig. 383), showing the arrangement of the parts, also a longitudinal section (Fig. 382) showing their relative vertical position. Label the little round bodies that represent the undevel

. Studies in fossil botany . Paleobotany. 542 STUDIES IN FOSSIL BOTANY transversely elongated, so as to partially close the passage (Fig. 195, B, g). Possibly this may have been an arrangement for shutting the entrance to the pollen-chamber after pollination had been effected.. Fig. 195.âCordaiantlius Grand'Eitryi. A. Longitudinal section of female flower, show- ing one ovule, just pollinated, d, axis; b, bracts ; c, integument ; tt, nucellus ; c.p, pollen-chamber ; g, canal of pollen-chamber ; /, pollen-grains in chamber, and/', in canal, x 24. B. Canal of pollen-chamber enlarged, g, dilated Stock Photo

RMPG166E–. Studies in fossil botany . Paleobotany. 542 STUDIES IN FOSSIL BOTANY transversely elongated, so as to partially close the passage (Fig. 195, B, g). Possibly this may have been an arrangement for shutting the entrance to the pollen-chamber after pollination had been effected.. Fig. 195.âCordaiantlius Grand'Eitryi. A. Longitudinal section of female flower, show- ing one ovule, just pollinated, d, axis; b, bracts ; c, integument ; tt, nucellus ; c.p, pollen-chamber ; g, canal of pollen-chamber ; /, pollen-grains in chamber, and/', in canal, x 24. B. Canal of pollen-chamber enlarged, g, dilated

. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. Fig. 641. — Enlarged details of spiral {$), pitted (p), and reticulate (r) tracheae; at i, traces of original partition walls. — Adapted from Haberlandt and TscHIRCH. ones. When numerous primary and secondary strands are produced, they may form a column of xylem, with pith in the center, interrupted by thin radiating plates of parenchyma, the. pith rays. Such is the condition in the sun- flower, castor bean (fig. 644), and many other dicotyledons. In case the xylem strands do not undergo individual secondary thickening (as is the Stock Photo

RMRDXT3R–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. Fig. 641. — Enlarged details of spiral {$), pitted (p), and reticulate (r) tracheae; at i, traces of original partition walls. — Adapted from Haberlandt and TscHIRCH. ones. When numerous primary and secondary strands are produced, they may form a column of xylem, with pith in the center, interrupted by thin radiating plates of parenchyma, the. pith rays. Such is the condition in the sun- flower, castor bean (fig. 644), and many other dicotyledons. In case the xylem strands do not undergo individual secondary thickening (as is the

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 41.—Length- wise section through a young pistil of Corn to show the locule and ovule. a, ovary; s, style; 0, ovule consisting of nucellus (n) and integuments (i); I, locule or cavity in which the ovule is located. Much en- larged.. Fig. 42. — Lengthwise section through a Tomato flower to show the interior of the ovary, o, ovary; I, locules, represented by dark shading; o, ovules; p, placentas. Much enlarged. single large ovule. A lengthwise section through the pistil of Corn is shown in Figure J^l. Notice the ovule at o and that it almost fills Stock Photo

RMPG4395–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 41.—Length- wise section through a young pistil of Corn to show the locule and ovule. a, ovary; s, style; 0, ovule consisting of nucellus (n) and integuments (i); I, locule or cavity in which the ovule is located. Much en- larged.. Fig. 42. — Lengthwise section through a Tomato flower to show the interior of the ovary, o, ovary; I, locules, represented by dark shading; o, ovules; p, placentas. Much enlarged. single large ovule. A lengthwise section through the pistil of Corn is shown in Figure J^l. Notice the ovule at o and that it almost fills

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Black Cherry. Winter twig, x I. Portion of twig, enlarged. Leaf, X ^. Margin of leaf, enlarged. Flowering branohlet, x Yi. Vertical section of flower, enlargec'. Fruiting branchlet, x J.2. — 154 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWY7R–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Black Cherry. Winter twig, x I. Portion of twig, enlarged. Leaf, X ^. Margin of leaf, enlarged. Flowering branohlet, x Yi. Vertical section of flower, enlargec'. Fruiting branchlet, x J.2. — 154 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Chinese economic trees. Trees. PAULOWNIA 289. Plate 99.n PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA Koch 1. Fruit; 2. Leaf; 3. Inflorescence; 4. Section of flower; 5. Seed- ling; 6, 7. Stamen; 8. Seed; 9. Section of fruit; 10. Section .of corolla. (8 much enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd Stock Photo

RMRDYFCH–. Chinese economic trees. Trees. PAULOWNIA 289. Plate 99.n PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA Koch 1. Fruit; 2. Leaf; 3. Inflorescence; 4. Section of flower; 5. Seed- ling; 6, 7. Stamen; 8. Seed; 9. Section of fruit; 10. Section .of corolla. (8 much enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Mountain Ash. I Winter twig, x i- , , 2. Portion of twig, enlarged. T. Leaf, X }4- , J 1 Vertical section of flower, enlarged. 5 Portion of a fruiting cyme, — 146 — X I.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWY88–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Mountain Ash. I Winter twig, x i- , , 2. Portion of twig, enlarged. T. Leaf, X }4- , J 1 Vertical section of flower, enlarged. 5 Portion of a fruiting cyme, — 146 — X I.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Chinese economic trees. Trees. 246 CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES. Plate 87. TILIA MONGOLICA Maximowicz 1. Flowering branch; 2. Fruiting branch; 3. Flower; 4 & 5. Petals; 6. Petals and Stamen ; 7. Pistil; 8. Section of fruit. (Details enlarged.) After Faxon.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd Stock Photo

RMRDYFEE–. Chinese economic trees. Trees. 246 CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES. Plate 87. TILIA MONGOLICA Maximowicz 1. Flowering branch; 2. Fruiting branch; 3. Flower; 4 & 5. Petals; 6. Petals and Stamen ; 7. Pistil; 8. Section of fruit. (Details enlarged.) After Faxon.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. White Elm. American Elm. Water Elm. 1. Winter twig, x 2. 2. Leaf, X Yi. 3. Flowering branchlet, x Yz. 4. Flower, enlarged. 5. Fruit, x 2. — 126 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWYAH–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. White Elm. American Elm. Water Elm. 1. Winter twig, x 2. 2. Leaf, X Yi. 3. Flowering branchlet, x Yz. 4. Flower, enlarged. 5. Fruit, x 2. — 126 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

RMRE2A23–. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany; Botany. - 151 Plan of the Cyme. § 2. Forms and Kinds of Flowers. 191. The Parts of a Flower were illustrated at the beginning of the book, in Chapter I., Section I. Let us glance at them again, taking a different flower for the example, namely, that of the Three-leaved Stonecrop. Although small, this has all the parts very distinct and regular. Fig. 153 is a moderately enlarged view

. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. THE TILLODONTIA 507 These animals have been regarded as ancestral Eodents, to which the tooth characters just mentioned clearly show like- nesses. The earliest known form is Estlionyx. This genus shows. Fig. 2i7.^TiUotherimnfodiens. Left lateral view of sl-ull. (From Flower, after Jlar.sli.) such primitive characters, compared with its later representatives, as the existence of all three pairs of incisors in the upper jaw, but only two in the lower jaw. The enlarged incisors of both jaws do not seem to have grown from persistent pulps. Anchippodvs, a l Stock Photo

RMRDK7X8–. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. THE TILLODONTIA 507 These animals have been regarded as ancestral Eodents, to which the tooth characters just mentioned clearly show like- nesses. The earliest known form is Estlionyx. This genus shows. Fig. 2i7.^TiUotherimnfodiens. Left lateral view of sl-ull. (From Flower, after Jlar.sli.) such primitive characters, compared with its later representatives, as the existence of all three pairs of incisors in the upper jaw, but only two in the lower jaw. The enlarged incisors of both jaws do not seem to have grown from persistent pulps. Anchippodvs, a l

. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. 530 Handbook of Nature-Study. Buttercvip -flower enlarged. Note the scale covering the nectar at the base of the falling petal. LESSON CXXVII The Buttercup Leading thought—The buttercup grows with the white daisies, in sunny places, but each buttercup is a single flower, while each daisy is a flower family. Method—Buttercups brought by the pupils to school may serve for this lesson. Observations—i. Look at the back of a flower of the buttercup. What is there peculiar about the sepals? Stock Photo

RMRD8B2G–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. 530 Handbook of Nature-Study. Buttercvip -flower enlarged. Note the scale covering the nectar at the base of the falling petal. LESSON CXXVII The Buttercup Leading thought—The buttercup grows with the white daisies, in sunny places, but each buttercup is a single flower, while each daisy is a flower family. Method—Buttercups brought by the pupils to school may serve for this lesson. Observations—i. Look at the back of a flower of the buttercup. What is there peculiar about the sepals?

. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. Fig. 233.—Raspberry: A, flower-stalk, with calyx, old stamens, and prominent receptacle, from which the berry (a cluster of small stone-fruits) has been removed C-S).—After Bailey.. Pig. 234.—Strawberry: an enlarged pulpy receptacle in which numerous small akenes are embedded. common fruits do not answer to this description. A few of the most conspicuous of these will serve as illustrations. A number of the best-known fruits have been named "berries" that are not berries as described above. For. Please note that these images are Stock Photo

RMRDANAR–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. Fig. 233.—Raspberry: A, flower-stalk, with calyx, old stamens, and prominent receptacle, from which the berry (a cluster of small stone-fruits) has been removed C-S).—After Bailey.. Pig. 234.—Strawberry: an enlarged pulpy receptacle in which numerous small akenes are embedded. common fruits do not answer to this description. A few of the most conspicuous of these will serve as illustrations. A number of the best-known fruits have been named "berries" that are not berries as described above. For. Please note that these images are

. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. A Staminate and a Pis- tillate Flower of Black Ash, Fmxiuus nigra ; enlarged. The Black Ash is the slenderest of our forest trees, often reaching the height of seventy feet with a trunk whose diameter scarcely exceeds a foot. It is the most northern of American ashes flourishing on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Its inflorescence is polygamous, that is, staminate, pistillate, and perfect flowers may all be found on a single tree, although usual- ly the staminate flowers are bor Stock Photo

RMRDFYH7–. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. A Staminate and a Pis- tillate Flower of Black Ash, Fmxiuus nigra ; enlarged. The Black Ash is the slenderest of our forest trees, often reaching the height of seventy feet with a trunk whose diameter scarcely exceeds a foot. It is the most northern of American ashes flourishing on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Its inflorescence is polygamous, that is, staminate, pistillate, and perfect flowers may all be found on a single tree, although usual- ly the staminate flowers are bor

. Chinese economic trees. Trees. CHINESE ECONOMIC TKEES. * "5 "6 Plate 47. BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA L. Heritier Staminate branch ; 2. Fruiting branch; 3. Pistillate branch; 4. Staminate flower; 5. Pistillate flower sectioned; 6. Stamen. (4 and 6 enlarged).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd Stock Photo

RMRDYFR6–. Chinese economic trees. Trees. CHINESE ECONOMIC TKEES. * "5 "6 Plate 47. BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA L. Heritier Staminate branch ; 2. Fruiting branch; 3. Pistillate branch; 4. Staminate flower; 5. Pistillate flower sectioned; 6. Stamen. (4 and 6 enlarged).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd

. The elements of structural botany with special reference to the study of Canadian plants ... Plant physiology; Plant anatomy. Fig. 46. ROSACEOUS PLANTS. 57 which constitute, as in Mallow, an epicalyx. The pistil must be carefully examined. In this case there will be found a conical elevation in the centre of the flower, on the surface of which are inserted many separate carpels, much in the same way as in Buttercup. At maturity this elevated receptacle will have hecome greatly enlarged and pulpy, with the real fruit, the ripened carpels, dotted over its surface (Fig. 46). 51. Oherry or Plum. Stock Photo

RMRE1FR6–. The elements of structural botany with special reference to the study of Canadian plants ... Plant physiology; Plant anatomy. Fig. 46. ROSACEOUS PLANTS. 57 which constitute, as in Mallow, an epicalyx. The pistil must be carefully examined. In this case there will be found a conical elevation in the centre of the flower, on the surface of which are inserted many separate carpels, much in the same way as in Buttercup. At maturity this elevated receptacle will have hecome greatly enlarged and pulpy, with the real fruit, the ripened carpels, dotted over its surface (Fig. 46). 51. Oherry or Plum.

. Leaves and flowers : or, Object lessons in botany with a flora : prepared for beginners in academies and public schools . Botany. F%g. 150. Tiger Lily. Fig.b. Flower (enlarged) of Dodecatheon: a, pistil; i, anthers ; c, filaments; /», petals. 99. Let US look at this picture of the Lily (Fig. 150), or at some real flower. The slender organs marked a, 5, c, are the essential organs of which we are speaking; and you see at once that there are two kinds of them. Those which stand in the outer row next to the petals are the stamens.. Fig. 152. Ehododendron; only the torus if), the five stamens Stock Photo

RMRF0AK2–. Leaves and flowers : or, Object lessons in botany with a flora : prepared for beginners in academies and public schools . Botany. F%g. 150. Tiger Lily. Fig.b. Flower (enlarged) of Dodecatheon: a, pistil; i, anthers ; c, filaments; /», petals. 99. Let US look at this picture of the Lily (Fig. 150), or at some real flower. The slender organs marked a, 5, c, are the essential organs of which we are speaking; and you see at once that there are two kinds of them. Those which stand in the outer row next to the petals are the stamens.. Fig. 152. Ehododendron; only the torus if), the five stamens

RMRDHN1M–. Botany for young people and common schools : how plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany : with a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants both wild and cultivated : illustrated by 500 wood engravings . Botany. 405. Slice of the same, enlarged, with one ray-flower, and part of another, and one pSiTect diBk-flower (a), with its bract or chafi* (&). 1. Among those which have no rays, or strap-shaped corollas, are Thistles, Burdock, Everlasting and Cuckold, Wormwood, Thorroughmort or Eupaiorium, Button-Snakeroot, and Ironweed. 2. With rays or strap-s

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. PISTILS AND STAMENS 15 A pistil like that of the Apple is called a compound pistil, and the pistil-like structures which compose it, instead of being called pistils, are called carpels. Thus in Figure 8, each of the branches in the upper region of the pistil is the upper portion of a carpel. If the enlarged bases of these were separated, then each carpel would resemble the pistil of the Cherry or Plum flower. Pistils like those of the Cherry and Plum consist of only one carpel and are, therefore, called simple pistils. In flowers having but one carp Stock Photo

RMRDDXT4–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. PISTILS AND STAMENS 15 A pistil like that of the Apple is called a compound pistil, and the pistil-like structures which compose it, instead of being called pistils, are called carpels. Thus in Figure 8, each of the branches in the upper region of the pistil is the upper portion of a carpel. If the enlarged bases of these were separated, then each carpel would resemble the pistil of the Cherry or Plum flower. Pistils like those of the Cherry and Plum consist of only one carpel and are, therefore, called simple pistils. In flowers having but one carp

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. BUCKWHEAT FAMILY (POLYGONACEAE) 479. Fig. 422. — A Smartweed (.Polygonum Muhlenbergii), one of the trouble- some weeds, showing the sheathed nodes and terminal spikes of flowers (X 5), and also showing a flower and a fruit much enlarged. This plant has bott underground and aerial stems.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Martin, John N. (John Nathan), b. 1875. New Y Stock Photo

RMRDCXW2–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. BUCKWHEAT FAMILY (POLYGONACEAE) 479. Fig. 422. — A Smartweed (.Polygonum Muhlenbergii), one of the trouble- some weeds, showing the sheathed nodes and terminal spikes of flowers (X 5), and also showing a flower and a fruit much enlarged. This plant has bott underground and aerial stems.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Martin, John N. (John Nathan), b. 1875. New Y

$. Introduction to botany. Botany. Fig. 102. Flower of B live-forever {Sedum) A, entire flower, B, lengthwise section ; carp, carpels; stam, stamens; pet, petals; sep, sepals. An excellent example of a flower in which the parts of each circle are of the same numher and all separate. Somewhat enlarged. After Schimper 115. What is a flower ? A hasty examination of an ordinary flower does not give much evidence as to the relation which its organs bear to the parts of the plant already studied; that is, to the root, the stem, P9} and the leaf. There ^stam / - b . is, however, plenty of evidence t Stock Photo$

RMRE3AA1–. Introduction to botany. Botany. Fig. 102. Flower of B live-forever {Sedum) A, entire flower, B, lengthwise section ; carp, carpels; stam, stamens; pet, petals; sep, sepals. An excellent example of a flower in which the parts of each circle are of the same numher and all separate. Somewhat enlarged. After Schimper 115. What is a flower ? A hasty examination of an ordinary flower does not give much evidence as to the relation which its organs bear to the parts of the plant already studied; that is, to the root, the stem, P9} and the leaf. There ^stam / - b . is, however, plenty of evidence t

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. Fig. 79. — Flower and fruit of Strawberry. A, section through flower, showing the fleshy receptacle {r) and the many pistils (p) on its surface. B, fruit consisting of enlarged receptacle (r), bearing the small hard ovaries (o). which they are closely joined form the rind. (Fig. 78.) The placentas are more or less fleshy and in case of the Watermelon, where they form large juicy lobes, they constitute the bulk of the edible portion. In most cases, however, as Muskmelons and Pumpkins illustrate, the placentas break loose from the ovary wall and Stock Photo

RMRDWF26–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. Fig. 79. — Flower and fruit of Strawberry. A, section through flower, showing the fleshy receptacle {r) and the many pistils (p) on its surface. B, fruit consisting of enlarged receptacle (r), bearing the small hard ovaries (o). which they are closely joined form the rind. (Fig. 78.) The placentas are more or less fleshy and in case of the Watermelon, where they form large juicy lobes, they constitute the bulk of the edible portion. In most cases, however, as Muskmelons and Pumpkins illustrate, the placentas break loose from the ovary wall and

RMRE2971–. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany; Botany. 405. Slice of the same, enlarged, with one ray-flower, and part of another, and one perfect disk-flower (n), with its bract or chalT i6J. 1. Among those which have no rays, or strap-shaped corollas, are Thislles, Burdock, Everlasting and Cudweed, Wormwood, Thorouyliwort or Eupalorium, Bulton-Snakeroot, and Ironweed. 2. With rays or strap-shaped corollas at the margin (either

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Hackberry. Nettle-tree. Winter twig, x i. â Portion of twig, enlarged. Leaf, X J4. Flowering branchlet, x J4. Staminate flower, enlarged. Pistillate flower, enlarged. Fruit, X I. â 130 â. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWYA9–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Hackberry. Nettle-tree. Winter twig, x i. â Portion of twig, enlarged. Leaf, X J4. Flowering branchlet, x J4. Staminate flower, enlarged. Pistillate flower, enlarged. Fruit, X I. â 130 â. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Luther Burbank, his methods and discoveries and their practical application;. Plant breeding. The Stigma oj a Poppy, Greatly Enlarged The stigma of the flower may be variously modified to facilitate reception of the pollen. This picture shows the curious arrange- ment in the case of a poppy. The pollen grains deposited on this stigmatic surface send out little tubes that penetrate the stigma and ultimately make their way to the ovule or seed case, carrying the nucleus that unites with the nuclues of the egg cell, thus effecting fertilization. Each egg cell is fertilized by a single pollen nu Stock Photo

RMRDNYKF–. Luther Burbank, his methods and discoveries and their practical application;. Plant breeding. The Stigma oj a Poppy, Greatly Enlarged The stigma of the flower may be variously modified to facilitate reception of the pollen. This picture shows the curious arrange- ment in the case of a poppy. The pollen grains deposited on this stigmatic surface send out little tubes that penetrate the stigma and ultimately make their way to the ovule or seed case, carrying the nucleus that unites with the nuclues of the egg cell, thus effecting fertilization. Each egg cell is fertilized by a single pollen nu

. Plants and their ways in South Africa. Botany; Botany. Fig. 131.—Peach. Vertical section of Bovver. (From Henslow's "South African Flowering Plants".) and again beyond the stamens, so that they are separated from the pistil. The thalamus may be swollen into a disk, as in Adenandra, Tecomaria, and Plumbago. Where there are many ovaries, as in the strawberry, it is much enlarged.. Fig. 132.—Mesevibrianthemum. Vertical section of flower. (From Hens- low's " .South African Flowering Plants ".) In some flowers the receptacle grows up in a tube around the ovary and bears the pe Stock Photo

RMRDWDG5–. Plants and their ways in South Africa. Botany; Botany. Fig. 131.—Peach. Vertical section of Bovver. (From Henslow's "South African Flowering Plants".) and again beyond the stamens, so that they are separated from the pistil. The thalamus may be swollen into a disk, as in Adenandra, Tecomaria, and Plumbago. Where there are many ovaries, as in the strawberry, it is much enlarged.. Fig. 132.—Mesevibrianthemum. Vertical section of flower. (From Hens- low's " .South African Flowering Plants ".) In some flowers the receptacle grows up in a tube around the ovary and bears the pe

. Nature and development of plants. Botany. Fig. 312. Fig. 313. Fig. 312. A member of the Rose family with the simple structure of the saxifrages: A, flower of the strawberry (Fragaria). B, section of flower showing slight adhesion of receptacle to calyx and the spiral arrangement of the sporophylls. C, the fruit, akenes spirally arranged on the enlarged and fleshy receptacle. Fig. 313. Higher forms of the Rose family: C, flower of Agrimonia. D, section of flower, showing the bristle-covered receptacle completely surround- ing the pistils. peach, quince, shadbush, thornapple, hawthorn, the ovu Stock Photo

RMRE0P5D–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. Fig. 312. Fig. 313. Fig. 312. A member of the Rose family with the simple structure of the saxifrages: A, flower of the strawberry (Fragaria). B, section of flower showing slight adhesion of receptacle to calyx and the spiral arrangement of the sporophylls. C, the fruit, akenes spirally arranged on the enlarged and fleshy receptacle. Fig. 313. Higher forms of the Rose family: C, flower of Agrimonia. D, section of flower, showing the bristle-covered receptacle completely surround- ing the pistils. peach, quince, shadbush, thornapple, hawthorn, the ovu

. Our native orchids; a series of drawings from nature of all the species found in the northeastern United States. Orchids. xm Fig. 1. Large Round-leaved Orchis. Fig. z. Flower slighdy enlarged.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Gibson, W. Hamilton (William Hamilton), 1850-1896; Jelliffe, Helen Dewey Leeming, d. 1916. New York, Doubleday, Page & Co. Stock Photo

RMRE2JFB–. Our native orchids; a series of drawings from nature of all the species found in the northeastern United States. Orchids. xm Fig. 1. Large Round-leaved Orchis. Fig. z. Flower slighdy enlarged.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Gibson, W. Hamilton (William Hamilton), 1850-1896; Jelliffe, Helen Dewey Leeming, d. 1916. New York, Doubleday, Page & Co.

. Bursa bursa-pastoris and Bursa heegeri biotypes and hybrids. Bursa heegeri; Plant hybridization. Fig. 1.—Enlarged sections of buds and flower of Bursa bursa pastor is, show- ing three stages in anthesis. A. Exposure of the stigtnatic surface for the reception of foreign pollen. B. Anthers opening in contact with the stigma, thus insuring self-pollination. C. The flower fully open, allowing the access of the visiting insects to the pollen. All magnified 20 diameters. The conditions which favor cross-fertilization are : («) Slight prote- rogyny, which allows the stigma to receive foreign polle Stock Photo

RMRDRX8G–. Bursa bursa-pastoris and Bursa heegeri biotypes and hybrids. Bursa heegeri; Plant hybridization. Fig. 1.—Enlarged sections of buds and flower of Bursa bursa pastor is, show- ing three stages in anthesis. A. Exposure of the stigtnatic surface for the reception of foreign pollen. B. Anthers opening in contact with the stigma, thus insuring self-pollination. C. The flower fully open, allowing the access of the visiting insects to the pollen. All magnified 20 diameters. The conditions which favor cross-fertilization are : («) Slight prote- rogyny, which allows the stigma to receive foreign polle

. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 483 tended by modified leaves, the involucre (Fig. 336) and the pistils are reduced to a single fertile carpel with two-lobed style. These variations will become very prominent in the next order. The Rubiajes are an important tropical group and furnish the coffee {Coffea) and the cinchonas which yield such drugs as quinine and calisaya.. Fig. 336. Advanced forms of the Rubiales: A, inflorescence of Scabiosa, at the right showing the involucre, in. B, a siilgle flower enlarged, show- ing the somewhat irregular corolla. At the rig Stock Photo

RMRDWE7T–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 483 tended by modified leaves, the involucre (Fig. 336) and the pistils are reduced to a single fertile carpel with two-lobed style. These variations will become very prominent in the next order. The Rubiajes are an important tropical group and furnish the coffee {Coffea) and the cinchonas which yield such drugs as quinine and calisaya.. Fig. 336. Advanced forms of the Rubiales: A, inflorescence of Scabiosa, at the right showing the involucre, in. B, a siilgle flower enlarged, show- ing the somewhat irregular corolla. At the rig

. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology. Botany. 266 THE FLOWER.. 488. Unusual States of the Receptacle. The receptacle (421) is commonly small, short, and inconspicuous, being merely the extrem- ity of the flower-stalk upon which the sev- eral organs are inserted (Fig. 343). Some- times, however, it is remarkably enlarged or elongated. A striking instance of an en- larged receptacle is found in Nelumbium, where it is dilated into a large top-shaped body, nearly enclosing the pistils in sep- arate cavities (Fig. 427). "Whenever the pistils of a flower Stock Photo

RMRDWKWG–. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology. Botany. 266 THE FLOWER.. 488. Unusual States of the Receptacle. The receptacle (421) is commonly small, short, and inconspicuous, being merely the extrem- ity of the flower-stalk upon which the sev- eral organs are inserted (Fig. 343). Some- times, however, it is remarkably enlarged or elongated. A striking instance of an en- larged receptacle is found in Nelumbium, where it is dilated into a large top-shaped body, nearly enclosing the pistils in sep- arate cavities (Fig. 427). "Whenever the pistils of a flower

RMRDC1W2–. Our native trees and how to identify them : a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities . Trees. A Staminate and a Pis- tillate Flower of Black Ash, Fraxiiius nigra : enlarged. The Black Ash is the slenderest of our forest trees, often reaching the height of' seventy feet with a trunk whose diameter scarcely exceeds a foot. It is the most northern of American ashes flourishing on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Its inflorescence is polygamous, that is, staminate, pistillate, and perfect flowers may all be found on a single tree, although usual- ly the staminate flowers ar

. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology. Botany. 488. Unusual States of the Receptacle. The receptacle (421) is commonly small, short, and inconspicuous, being merely the extrem- ity of the flower-stalk upon which the sev- eral organs are inserted (Fig. 343). Some- times, however, it is remarkably enlarged or elongated. A striking instance of an en- larged receptacle is found in Nelumbium, where it is dilated into a large top-shaped body, nearly enclosing the pistils in sep- arate cavities (Fig. 427). "Whenever the pistils of a flower are very numerous Stock Photo

RMRDWKTY–. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology. Botany. 488. Unusual States of the Receptacle. The receptacle (421) is commonly small, short, and inconspicuous, being merely the extrem- ity of the flower-stalk upon which the sev- eral organs are inserted (Fig. 343). Some- times, however, it is remarkably enlarged or elongated. A striking instance of an en- larged receptacle is found in Nelumbium, where it is dilated into a large top-shaped body, nearly enclosing the pistils in sep- arate cavities (Fig. 427). "Whenever the pistils of a flower are very numerous

. Grasses of North America [microform] : chapters on the physiology, composition, selection, improving and cultivation of grasses, management of grass lands, also chapters on clovers, injurious insects and fungi. Grasses; Forage plants; Graminées; Plantes fourragères. MEDICAGO SATIVA. LUCERNE. 353. Yta.lSi.-Medicaan mtira, L. (Lucerne, AlfalfuJ «, part of tlie top of a plant; h, flower enlarged ; c, yoims^ pods.—(Sudwortli.) 45. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustr Stock Photo

RMRJ6MEP–. Grasses of North America [microform] : chapters on the physiology, composition, selection, improving and cultivation of grasses, management of grass lands, also chapters on clovers, injurious insects and fungi. Grasses; Forage plants; Graminées; Plantes fourragères. MEDICAGO SATIVA. LUCERNE. 353. Yta.lSi.-Medicaan mtira, L. (Lucerne, AlfalfuJ «, part of tlie top of a plant; h, flower enlarged ; c, yoims^ pods.—(Sudwortli.) 45. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustr

. Flowers and their pedigrees [microform]. Flowers; Flowers; Fleurs; Fleurs. A Faniily History. 221 however, of the seed vessel itself becoming soft and succulent, the calyx or outer flower covering of the petals has covered up the carpels or young seed vessels even in the blossom, and has then swollen out into a sort of stalk-like fruit. The case, indeed, is again not unlike that of the strawberry, only that here the stalk has enlarged outward round the flower and inclosed the seeds, instead of simply swelling. Fig. 47.—Vertical section of Apple-blossom. into a boss and embedding them. In the Stock Photo

RMRJ2EYP–. Flowers and their pedigrees [microform]. Flowers; Flowers; Fleurs; Fleurs. A Faniily History. 221 however, of the seed vessel itself becoming soft and succulent, the calyx or outer flower covering of the petals has covered up the carpels or young seed vessels even in the blossom, and has then swollen out into a sort of stalk-like fruit. The case, indeed, is again not unlike that of the strawberry, only that here the stalk has enlarged outward round the flower and inclosed the seeds, instead of simply swelling. Fig. 47.—Vertical section of Apple-blossom. into a boss and embedding them. In the

. A manual of the medical botany of North America [microform]. Botany, Medical; Botany; Botanique médicale; Botanique. Fig. 58.—Irregular flower of sage. Enlarged. FiC. 69.—Common forms of stamens anil anthera. The pistils are the organs which are fertilized and boar the seeds. Their position is in the centi'o of the flower ; like the other floral organs, their number is variable—there may be one or many. A pistil may commonly be distinguished into three parts, namely, the ovary, the style, and tlie stigma (Fig. G2). Of these the first and last are always present, but the style may be absent, Stock Photo

RMRJ4XE3–. A manual of the medical botany of North America [microform]. Botany, Medical; Botany; Botanique médicale; Botanique. Fig. 58.—Irregular flower of sage. Enlarged. FiC. 69.—Common forms of stamens anil anthera. The pistils are the organs which are fertilized and boar the seeds. Their position is in the centi'o of the flower ; like the other floral organs, their number is variable—there may be one or many. A pistil may commonly be distinguished into three parts, namely, the ovary, the style, and tlie stigma (Fig. G2). Of these the first and last are always present, but the style may be absent,

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Sycamore Maple. 1. Winter twig, x i. 2. Leaf, X Yz. 3. Flowering branchlet, x V^. 4. Staminate flower, enlarged. 5. Perfect flower, enlarged. 6. Fruit, X Yi. — 190 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWY46–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Sycamore Maple. 1. Winter twig, x i. 2. Leaf, X Yz. 3. Flowering branchlet, x V^. 4. Staminate flower, enlarged. 5. Perfect flower, enlarged. 6. Fruit, X Yi. — 190 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

RMRDWF2R–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. Fig. 79. — Flower and fruit of Strawberry. A, section through flower, showing the fleshy receptacle {r) and the many pistils (p) on its surface. B, fruit consisting of enlarged receptacle (r), bearing the small hard ovaries (o). which they are closely joined form the rind. (Fig. 78.) The placentas are more or less fleshy and in case of the Watermelon, where they form large juicy lobes, they constitute the bulk of the edible portion. In most cases, however, as Muskmelons and Pumpkins illustrate, the placentas break loose from the ovary wall and

. Flowers and their pedigrees. Botany. A Family History. 221 however, of the seed vessel itself becoming soft and succulent, the calyx or outer flower covering of the petals has covered up the carpels or young seed vessels even in the blossom, and has then swollen out into a sort of stalk-like fruit. The case, indeed, is again not unlike that of the strawberry, only that here the stalk has enlarged outward round the flower and inclosed the seeds, instead of simply swelling. FtG. 47.—Vertical section of Apple-blossom. into a boss and embedding them. In the hip of the true roses we get some fore Stock Photo

RMRDW8RT–. Flowers and their pedigrees. Botany. A Family History. 221 however, of the seed vessel itself becoming soft and succulent, the calyx or outer flower covering of the petals has covered up the carpels or young seed vessels even in the blossom, and has then swollen out into a sort of stalk-like fruit. The case, indeed, is again not unlike that of the strawberry, only that here the stalk has enlarged outward round the flower and inclosed the seeds, instead of simply swelling. FtG. 47.—Vertical section of Apple-blossom. into a boss and embedding them. In the hip of the true roses we get some fore

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Slippery Elm. Bed £Im. 1. Winter twig, x 2. 2. Leaf, X I. 3. Flowering branohlet, x i. 4. Perfect flower, enlarged. 5. Fruit, X I. —124 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWYB7–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Slippery Elm. Bed £Im. 1. Winter twig, x 2. 2. Leaf, X I. 3. Flowering branohlet, x i. 4. Perfect flower, enlarged. 5. Fruit, X I. —124 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Beginners' botany. Botany. THE FLOWER —ITS PARTS AND FORMS 135 flowering dogwood: here the real flowers are several, small and greenish, forming a small cluster in the center. Essential Organs. — The essential organs are of two series. The outer series is composed of the stamens. The inner series is composed of the pistils. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as is readily seen in Figs. 173, 174,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short a Stock Photo

RMRDAMGA–. Beginners' botany. Botany. THE FLOWER —ITS PARTS AND FORMS 135 flowering dogwood: here the real flowers are several, small and greenish, forming a small cluster in the center. Essential Organs. — The essential organs are of two series. The outer series is composed of the stamens. The inner series is composed of the pistils. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as is readily seen in Figs. 173, 174,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short a

. Chinese economic trees. Trees. 98 CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES. Plate 35. QUERCUS ALIENA Blume 1. Sterile branch. 2. Under side of leaf; 3. Fruit; 4. Staminate flower; 5. Cupules; 6. Seed; 7. Pistillate flower. (Details enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd Stock Photo

RMRDYFWT–. Chinese economic trees. Trees. 98 CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES. Plate 35. QUERCUS ALIENA Blume 1. Sterile branch. 2. Under side of leaf; 3. Fruit; 4. Staminate flower; 5. Cupules; 6. Seed; 7. Pistillate flower. (Details enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. ' Fig. 79. — Flower and fruit of Strawberry. A, section through flower, showing the fleshy receptacle (r) and the many pistils (p) on its surface. B, fruit consisting of enlarged receptacle (r), bearing the small hard ovaries (o). which they are closely joined form the rind. {Fig. 78.) The placentas are more or less fleshy and in case of the Watermelon, where they form large juicy lobes, they constitute the bulk of the edible portion. In most cases, however, as Muskmelons and Pumpkins illustrate, the placentas break loose from the ovary wall and are Stock Photo

RMRDDX8D–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. ' Fig. 79. — Flower and fruit of Strawberry. A, section through flower, showing the fleshy receptacle (r) and the many pistils (p) on its surface. B, fruit consisting of enlarged receptacle (r), bearing the small hard ovaries (o). which they are closely joined form the rind. {Fig. 78.) The placentas are more or less fleshy and in case of the Watermelon, where they form large juicy lobes, they constitute the bulk of the edible portion. In most cases, however, as Muskmelons and Pumpkins illustrate, the placentas break loose from the ovary wall and are

RMRDGE09–. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. A Staminate and a Pis- tillate Flower of Black Ash, Fr.rxiiius nigra ; enlarged. The Black Ash is the slenderest of our forest trees, often reaching the height of seventy feet with a trunk whose diameter scarcely exceeds a foot. It is the most nortliern of American ashes flourishing on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Its inflorescence is polygamous, that is, staminate, pistillate, and perfect flowers iway all be found on a single tree, although usual- ly the staminate flowers ar

RMRDABD4–. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany; Botany. HOW PLANTS GROW, 16. The Pistils are the bodies in wliich the seeds are formed. They be- long in the centre of the flower. The Morning-Glory has only one pistil: this is shown, enlarged, in Fig. 8. The Rose and the Buttercup have a great many. A pistil has three parts. At the bottom is the Ovary, which becomes the seed-vessel. This is prolonged upwards into a slender body, c

. Science of plant life, a high school botany treating of the plant and its relation to the environment. Botany. 2IO Science of Plant Life. Bureau of AgncuUure, P. I. Fig. 126. A pineapple field. The pineapple fruit is an enlarged fleshy flower cluster. that flowering plants are divided into two great groups, the monocots and dicots. The monocots have parallel-veined leaves; the bundles of the stem are closed (have no cambium); and the bundles are not arranged in a circle. The dicots in- clude forms with net-veined leaves; the stem bimdles are open (have a cambium); and they are arranged in a Stock Photo

RMRDWNNG–. Science of plant life, a high school botany treating of the plant and its relation to the environment. Botany. 2IO Science of Plant Life. Bureau of AgncuUure, P. I. Fig. 126. A pineapple field. The pineapple fruit is an enlarged fleshy flower cluster. that flowering plants are divided into two great groups, the monocots and dicots. The monocots have parallel-veined leaves; the bundles of the stem are closed (have no cambium); and the bundles are not arranged in a circle. The dicots in- clude forms with net-veined leaves; the stem bimdles are open (have a cambium); and they are arranged in a

. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 1. Botany; Botany. < 6 Rothrock.—Riidbeckia hirta, L. • Fig. 1 is another ray flower. Beside it and to the right one recognizes a perfect tubular flower. From this ray, in the centre, apparently, there arise two organs which probably represent stigmas ; one of these, however, is enlarged above as though it were attempting to form another ray; the other remains thread-like. To the right of these stigmas, indicated by the dotted lines, are two smaller abortive heads. Fig. ^ shows the remarkable foliar expansion of the stigmas arising from a Stock Photo

RMRE9T2W–. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 1. Botany; Botany. < 6 Rothrock.—Riidbeckia hirta, L. • Fig. 1 is another ray flower. Beside it and to the right one recognizes a perfect tubular flower. From this ray, in the centre, apparently, there arise two organs which probably represent stigmas ; one of these, however, is enlarged above as though it were attempting to form another ray; the other remains thread-like. To the right of these stigmas, indicated by the dotted lines, are two smaller abortive heads. Fig. ^ shows the remarkable foliar expansion of the stigmas arising from a

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Ailantliiis. Tree of HeaTcn. 1. Winter twig, x i. 2. Leaf, X ys. 3- Iveaflet, x H- -4. Staminate inflorescence, x ^. 5. Staminate flower, enlarged. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X I. — 170 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWY5J–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Ailantliiis. Tree of HeaTcn. 1. Winter twig, x i. 2. Leaf, X ys. 3- Iveaflet, x H- -4. Staminate inflorescence, x ^. 5. Staminate flower, enlarged. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X I. — 170 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

$. Botany of the living plant. Botany. APPENDIX A S19 Family . Rosaceae. Examples : Apple, Strawbekry, Rose. Cherry. (26) The Apple {Pynis mains, L.) is a small tree with long vegetative shoots and short spurs, upon which the flowers are borne. The leaves are stipulate. The flowers appear in groups, one terminal on the spur, the rest in the a^dls of the bracts below it. Each flower, together with two bracteoles, is borne on an elongated stalk, which swells immediately below the calyx into the enlarged inferior ovary. It is thus epigynons (Fig. 425), and consists of: Calyx, sepals 5, polysepalou Stock Photo$

RMRDY5EJ–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. APPENDIX A S19 Family . Rosaceae. Examples : Apple, Strawbekry, Rose. Cherry. (26) The Apple {Pynis mains, L.) is a small tree with long vegetative shoots and short spurs, upon which the flowers are borne. The leaves are stipulate. The flowers appear in groups, one terminal on the spur, the rest in the a^dls of the bracts below it. Each flower, together with two bracteoles, is borne on an elongated stalk, which swells immediately below the calyx into the enlarged inferior ovary. It is thus epigynons (Fig. 425), and consists of: Calyx, sepals 5, polysepalou

. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. /. Jack-in-the-pulpit unfolding; 2. Spadix with pistillate flowers; P, pistillate flanker enlarged; 5. Spadix with staminate flow- ers; an, a staminate flower enlarged, show- ing the four anthers. strated that when a plant be- comes very strong and thrifty, its spadix will be set with the pistillate flowers and its berries will be many; but if the same plant becomes weak, it produces the pollen-bearing flowers the next year. When "Jack" first appears in the spring it looks l Stock Photo

RMRD8B96–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. /. Jack-in-the-pulpit unfolding; 2. Spadix with pistillate flowers; P, pistillate flanker enlarged; 5. Spadix with staminate flow- ers; an, a staminate flower enlarged, show- ing the four anthers. strated that when a plant be- comes very strong and thrifty, its spadix will be set with the pistillate flowers and its berries will be many; but if the same plant becomes weak, it produces the pollen-bearing flowers the next year. When "Jack" first appears in the spring it looks l

. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants ; with a flora of the United States and Canada . Botany; Botany; Botany. INFLORESCENCB. 6^ in the peony, el g., that no absolute limits can be assigned. Equally gradual is the transition from bracts to sepals of the flower—affording a beautiful illustration of the doctrine of metamorphosis, (374.) Bracts will be further considered under the head of Inflorescence.. 184 188 Bnwt8 188, Plnckneya pubcns; 6, colored bracts (radiate sepals). 184, Zornia tetraphylla j S, bracts (enlarged stipules). CHAP Stock Photo

RMRDFEN4–. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants ; with a flora of the United States and Canada . Botany; Botany; Botany. INFLORESCENCB. 6^ in the peony, el g., that no absolute limits can be assigned. Equally gradual is the transition from bracts to sepals of the flower—affording a beautiful illustration of the doctrine of metamorphosis, (374.) Bracts will be further considered under the head of Inflorescence.. 184 188 Bnwt8 188, Plnckneya pubcns; 6, colored bracts (radiate sepals). 184, Zornia tetraphylla j S, bracts (enlarged stipules). CHAP

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Shingle Oak. 1. Winter twig, x 2. 2. Portion of twig, enlarged. 3. Leaf, X Yz. 4. Flowering branchlet, x Yz. 5. Staminate flower, enlarged. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X I. — 120 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWYBC–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Shingle Oak. 1. Winter twig, x 2. 2. Portion of twig, enlarged. 3. Leaf, X Yz. 4. Flowering branchlet, x Yz. 5. Staminate flower, enlarged. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X I. — 120 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Luther Burbank, his methods and discoveries and their practical application;. Plant breeding. A Pollen Laden Bee This direct color photograph print shows a bee. greatly enlarged, which was captured in a cactus flower. The pollen grains can be seen sticking to its hairy body, and the fact that, as crawls into the next flower, some of this pollen will find lodgment on the sticky surface of a receptive stigma is easily realized. The bees gather pollen not only for distribution but for their own uses. The two large splotches of pollen shown beneath the second pair of legs are "pol- len doug Stock Photo

RMRDNYNN–. Luther Burbank, his methods and discoveries and their practical application;. Plant breeding. A Pollen Laden Bee This direct color photograph print shows a bee. greatly enlarged, which was captured in a cactus flower. The pollen grains can be seen sticking to its hairy body, and the fact that, as crawls into the next flower, some of this pollen will find lodgment on the sticky surface of a receptive stigma is easily realized. The bees gather pollen not only for distribution but for their own uses. The two large splotches of pollen shown beneath the second pair of legs are "pol- len doug

. Flower ecology. Plant ecology; Fertilization of plants. 28 and Mexico some of the hawk-moths have tongues several inches long. ,,. J a ^4 So far as diet, and visitation are con- Plies and Beetles. cerned the flies are very important in the pollination of flowers. The most important are drone and syrphus flies. Many of these sptcies depend on nectar. FIG 15. Fig. 15. Flies. Beginning from the left, bumble-bee ily (Bnmbyliua major). natural size. Empis Uvlda, 4 times enlarged. Syrphus fly (Syrphus). (From Behrens' text book). and p>)llen. Their adaptations are such as to allow them to .col Stock Photo

RMRDWGEE–. Flower ecology. Plant ecology; Fertilization of plants. 28 and Mexico some of the hawk-moths have tongues several inches long. ,,. J a ^4 So far as diet, and visitation are con- Plies and Beetles. cerned the flies are very important in the pollination of flowers. The most important are drone and syrphus flies. Many of these sptcies depend on nectar. FIG 15. Fig. 15. Flies. Beginning from the left, bumble-bee ily (Bnmbyliua major). natural size. Empis Uvlda, 4 times enlarged. Syrphus fly (Syrphus). (From Behrens' text book). and p>)llen. Their adaptations are such as to allow them to .col

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Mountain Maple. 1. Winter twig, x I. 2. Portion of twig, enlarged. 3. Leaf, X Y-i. 4. Flowering branchlet, x J^. 5. Staminate flower, enlarged. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X I. — 178 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWY5C–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Mountain Maple. 1. Winter twig, x I. 2. Portion of twig, enlarged. 3. Leaf, X Y-i. 4. Flowering branchlet, x J^. 5. Staminate flower, enlarged. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X I. — 178 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 10 The Florists^ Review July 19, 1917. the florist who was exhibiting it as a part of his window display. As business grew Mrs. Gill enlarged her greenhouse establishment until she had four houses, none of which was so large as is now commonly built. Besides the calls for stock for Boston trade, the people of Medford began to depend upon Mrs. Gill for their flower wants. She had a natural instinct for flower ar- rangement and for many years made up funeral designs, wedding bouquets and decorations and baskets for other oc- casions. Freesias proved Stock Photo

RMRRMJ92–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 10 The Florists^ Review July 19, 1917. the florist who was exhibiting it as a part of his window display. As business grew Mrs. Gill enlarged her greenhouse establishment until she had four houses, none of which was so large as is now commonly built. Besides the calls for stock for Boston trade, the people of Medford began to depend upon Mrs. Gill for their flower wants. She had a natural instinct for flower ar- rangement and for many years made up funeral designs, wedding bouquets and decorations and baskets for other oc- casions. Freesias proved

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. DEFINITION OF A FRUIT 81 pappus, consisting of hair-like structures which correspond to the calyx of the ordinary type of flower, remains as a part of the fruit, forming a parachute-hke arrangement which enables the. Fig. 82. — Pistillate flower and fruit of a Hickory {Carya). A and B, ex- terior and Ulterior views of the flower. C, the nut. 6, bracts surrounding the pistil (p); 0, ovary. Flower much enlarged but fruit reduced. fruit to float in the air. Sometimes, as in the Spanish Needles, the calyx remains on the fruit as spiny appendages. I Stock Photo

RMRDWF1P–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. DEFINITION OF A FRUIT 81 pappus, consisting of hair-like structures which correspond to the calyx of the ordinary type of flower, remains as a part of the fruit, forming a parachute-hke arrangement which enables the. Fig. 82. — Pistillate flower and fruit of a Hickory {Carya). A and B, ex- terior and Ulterior views of the flower. C, the nut. 6, bracts surrounding the pistil (p); 0, ovary. Flower much enlarged but fruit reduced. fruit to float in the air. Sometimes, as in the Spanish Needles, the calyx remains on the fruit as spiny appendages. I

. The natural history of plants. Botany. Fig. 37. Diagram of flower. Fig. 38. Long. sect, of flower (±). subulate filament and an oval introrse bilocular anther dehiscing by two longitudinal clefts. The gynaecium, free, superior, is formed of an ovary with four cells, alternate with the sepals, each surmounted by a subulate stylary branch, traversed within by a longitudinal furrow and terminated by a stigmatiferous extremity not enlarged. The four branches of the style intertwine' in early age. In the internal angle of each cell is observed a placenta bearing two collateral descending ovules w Stock Photo

RMRDGD29–. The natural history of plants. Botany. Fig. 37. Diagram of flower. Fig. 38. Long. sect, of flower (±). subulate filament and an oval introrse bilocular anther dehiscing by two longitudinal clefts. The gynaecium, free, superior, is formed of an ovary with four cells, alternate with the sepals, each surmounted by a subulate stylary branch, traversed within by a longitudinal furrow and terminated by a stigmatiferous extremity not enlarged. The four branches of the style intertwine' in early age. In the internal angle of each cell is observed a placenta bearing two collateral descending ovules w

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 419. — Stripping cork from the Cork Oak. After Lecomte.. Fig. 420. — The flowers and fruit of the Red Mulberry. Above, from left to right, a spike of staminate flowers, a spike of pistillate flowers, and a pis- tillate spike in fruit (natural size); at the bottom, a staminate and pistillate flower much enlarged. After Burns and Otis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Stock Photo

RMRDCXWP–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 419. — Stripping cork from the Cork Oak. After Lecomte.. Fig. 420. — The flowers and fruit of the Red Mulberry. Above, from left to right, a spike of staminate flowers, a spike of pistillate flowers, and a pis- tillate spike in fruit (natural size); at the bottom, a staminate and pistillate flower much enlarged. After Burns and Otis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original

. Notes on the life history of British flowering plants. Botany; Plant ecology. FiG. 209.—Euphrasia officinalis. Fig. 210.—Euphrasia officinalis. Partial sec- Shoot, with flower, pistil, and tion of flower, enlarged, a, anthers ; ca, fruit; enlarged. calyx, uncut; co, corolla ; /, filaments of stamens ; s, stigma. tion. The upper lip (Fig. 210) protects the anthers and nectar from rain. The ripe stigma projects from the flower even before it opens. The corolla gradually elongates so as eventually to reach the stigma, thus bringing the anthers close to it. In this respect, how- ' Monograph of t Stock Photo

RMRDRD7M–. Notes on the life history of British flowering plants. Botany; Plant ecology. FiG. 209.—Euphrasia officinalis. Fig. 210.—Euphrasia officinalis. Partial sec- Shoot, with flower, pistil, and tion of flower, enlarged, a, anthers ; ca, fruit; enlarged. calyx, uncut; co, corolla ; /, filaments of stamens ; s, stigma. tion. The upper lip (Fig. 210) protects the anthers and nectar from rain. The ripe stigma projects from the flower even before it opens. The corolla gradually elongates so as eventually to reach the stigma, thus bringing the anthers close to it. In this respect, how- ' Monograph of t

. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 122. — Vertical section of a hip, showing seeds con- tained in a hollow receptacle (after Gray). 123, 124. — Enlarged receptacle of Caro- lina allspice {Cafycanthus) containing fruits attached to its inner surface: 123, exterior; 124, vertical section. 78. The Pepo, or Melon. — Next examine a gourd, cucumber, squash, or any kind of melon, and compare its blossom end with that of the pome. Do you find any remains of a calyx, or other part of the flower 1 Examine the peduncle and observe how the fruit is attached to it. Cut Stock Photo

RMRE2AF7–. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 122. — Vertical section of a hip, showing seeds con- tained in a hollow receptacle (after Gray). 123, 124. — Enlarged receptacle of Caro- lina allspice {Cafycanthus) containing fruits attached to its inner surface: 123, exterior; 124, vertical section. 78. The Pepo, or Melon. — Next examine a gourd, cucumber, squash, or any kind of melon, and compare its blossom end with that of the pome. Do you find any remains of a calyx, or other part of the flower 1 Examine the peduncle and observe how the fruit is attached to it. Cut

. The bee-keeper's guide; or, Manual of the apiary. Bees. OR, MANUAI, OF THS APIARY. 441 the attention of the bees with the linden ; while apiarists of the South find sourwood, or sorrel tree (Oxydendrum arboreum), (Fig. 244), a valuable honey-tree. It yields much very excel- lent honey. The honey is not quite as light-colored as sage, clover and basswood. It is slow to granulate. This plant is grown at the Michigan Agricultural College, but it is not Fig. 245.. Mountain Laurel.—From Department of Agriculture A Flowering branch. B 0 Expanded flower, ap, ap Antler pockets. s Stigma. e Enlarged Stock Photo

RMRDH9XB–. The bee-keeper's guide; or, Manual of the apiary. Bees. OR, MANUAI, OF THS APIARY. 441 the attention of the bees with the linden ; while apiarists of the South find sourwood, or sorrel tree (Oxydendrum arboreum), (Fig. 244), a valuable honey-tree. It yields much very excel- lent honey. The honey is not quite as light-colored as sage, clover and basswood. It is slow to granulate. This plant is grown at the Michigan Agricultural College, but it is not Fig. 245.. Mountain Laurel.—From Department of Agriculture A Flowering branch. B 0 Expanded flower, ap, ap Antler pockets. s Stigma. e Enlarged

. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. oked for in flower iiowledge rnip, you. ted to it. le spathe le spadix II instead that the t of Calla There is III Turnip »(' present MAKoH CALI.A, 77 case, bears both stamens pn/! pistiib, and most of the lower flovre^'-, i£ not all, are ^lerfed ; sometimes 'e iip jer ones consist of sta- mens only. Fig. 100 shows one of the perfect flowers much enlarged. The sta- mens, it will be observed, hav Stock Photo

RMRJ2XR6–. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. oked for in flower iiowledge rnip, you. ted to it. le spathe le spadix II instead that the t of Calla There is III Turnip »(' present MAKoH CALI.A, 77 case, bears both stamens pn/! pistiib, and most of the lower flovre^'-, i£ not all, are ^lerfed ; sometimes 'e iip jer ones consist of sta- mens only. Fig. 100 shows one of the perfect flowers much enlarged. The sta- mens, it will be observed, hav

. Chinese economic trees. Trees. MORAOEAE 121. Plate 45. HEMIPTELEA DAVIDII Planchon 1. Flowering branch; 2. Fruiting branch; 3. Sterile branch, showing .thorn; 4. Fruit; 5. Pistillate flower with perianth removed; 6. Staminate flower; 7. Pistillate flower; 8. Stamen. (Details enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd Stock Photo

RMRDYFRF–. Chinese economic trees. Trees. MORAOEAE 121. Plate 45. HEMIPTELEA DAVIDII Planchon 1. Flowering branch; 2. Fruiting branch; 3. Sterile branch, showing .thorn; 4. Fruit; 5. Pistillate flower with perianth removed; 6. Staminate flower; 7. Pistillate flower; 8. Stamen. (Details enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd

. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. Fig. lOf). PImsioliis vulgaris, L. (l) Flower seen obliquely from tlie front (from nalurel. (2) Pisiil enlarged (after Herm. Muller). e, ovary; f, style; g, stylar brush; li, stigma. for fertilization. The bean, however, is able to fertilize itself with complete effect- Darwin's account is here substantially repeated. The left ala is larger than the right. The base of the alar lamina is contracted, and bears an oblique tooth-like process, firm and succulent, Stock Photo

RMRDF7YX–. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. Fig. lOf). PImsioliis vulgaris, L. (l) Flower seen obliquely from tlie front (from nalurel. (2) Pisiil enlarged (after Herm. Muller). e, ovary; f, style; g, stylar brush; li, stigma. for fertilization. The bean, however, is able to fertilize itself with complete effect- Darwin's account is here substantially repeated. The left ala is larger than the right. The base of the alar lamina is contracted, and bears an oblique tooth-like process, firm and succulent,

. My studio neighbors. Natural history. 214 MY STUDIO NEIGHBORS sating in interest what they may lack in other at- tractive attributes. The single flower is shown enlarged in Fig. 19 —A, a young blossom, with analyses B and C, the latter indexed ; D, an older blossom, with similar analyses (E and F). Both sorts are to be found upon every spike of bloom, as the inflorescence begins at the base and proceeds upward. As we look into the more open flower we observe a dark-colored speck, which, by analysis, proves to be the lid of the anther. This portion is further shown enlarged in Fig. 20, A. If Stock Photo

RMRDMJBC–. My studio neighbors. Natural history. 214 MY STUDIO NEIGHBORS sating in interest what they may lack in other at- tractive attributes. The single flower is shown enlarged in Fig. 19 —A, a young blossom, with analyses B and C, the latter indexed ; D, an older blossom, with similar analyses (E and F). Both sorts are to be found upon every spike of bloom, as the inflorescence begins at the base and proceeds upward. As we look into the more open flower we observe a dark-colored speck, which, by analysis, proves to be the lid of the anther. This portion is further shown enlarged in Fig. 20, A. If

. Chinese economic trees. Trees. EUPHORBIA CEAE 209. Plate 75. ALEURITES FORDII Hemsley 1. Flowering branch: 2. Fruiting branch; 3. Section of fruit; 4, Leaf; 5. Pistillate flower; 6. Seed; 7. Pistillate flower. (5 and 7 adapted from Botanical Magazine, slightly enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd Stock Photo

RMRDYFH2–. Chinese economic trees. Trees. EUPHORBIA CEAE 209. Plate 75. ALEURITES FORDII Hemsley 1. Flowering branch: 2. Fruiting branch; 3. Section of fruit; 4, Leaf; 5. Pistillate flower; 6. Seed; 7. Pistillate flower. (5 and 7 adapted from Botanical Magazine, slightly enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd

. Plant life in Alpine Switzerland; being an account in simple language of the natural history of Alpine plants. Mountain plants. 330 APPENDIX II In the Saxifrage (Text-fig. XXVIII.) we have an example of an incompletely epigynous flower. The petals and stamens grow from the edge of the calyx tube, which is fused with the lower part of the gynceceum. The gynceceum consists of two carpels, not unlike two short pea-pods fused together. The Groundsel (Text-fig. XXIX.) belongs to a more. Fio. XXIX.—The Head of Flowers of the Groundsel, Senecio (natural order Compositse). Enlarged. advanced type, i Stock Photo

RMRDTT6T–. Plant life in Alpine Switzerland; being an account in simple language of the natural history of Alpine plants. Mountain plants. 330 APPENDIX II In the Saxifrage (Text-fig. XXVIII.) we have an example of an incompletely epigynous flower. The petals and stamens grow from the edge of the calyx tube, which is fused with the lower part of the gynceceum. The gynceceum consists of two carpels, not unlike two short pea-pods fused together. The Groundsel (Text-fig. XXIX.) belongs to a more. Fio. XXIX.—The Head of Flowers of the Groundsel, Senecio (natural order Compositse). Enlarged. advanced type, i

. The story of the plants [microform]. Plants; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. FIG. 33.—SINGLE FLORET FROM THE CENTRE OF A DAISY. FIG. 34.—SINGLE FLORET FROM THE CENTRE OF A DAISY, WITH THE COROLLA OPENED, MUCH ENLARGED, threefold ; and it is so widely spread, it includes so large a proportion of the best-known plants, and it fills so great a space in the vegetable world generally, that I cannot possibly pass it over even in so brief and hasty a history as this of the development of plants on the surface of our planet. If you pick a daisy you will think at first si^ht it is a single flower, But if Stock Photo

RMRJ5GAC–. The story of the plants [microform]. Plants; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. FIG. 33.—SINGLE FLORET FROM THE CENTRE OF A DAISY. FIG. 34.—SINGLE FLORET FROM THE CENTRE OF A DAISY, WITH THE COROLLA OPENED, MUCH ENLARGED, threefold ; and it is so widely spread, it includes so large a proportion of the best-known plants, and it fills so great a space in the vegetable world generally, that I cannot possibly pass it over even in so brief and hasty a history as this of the development of plants on the surface of our planet. If you pick a daisy you will think at first si^ht it is a single flower, But if

. Our garden flowers; a popular study of their native lands, their life histories, and their structural affiliations. Flowers. Flower of DwmLra cucuUaria slightly enlarged Stamens.—In two sets of three each, slightly united by their filaments. Ovary.—One-celled; style slender; stigma two-crested. Pod.—Ten to twenty-seeded. The two Dicentras, canadensis and cucul- laria, are the Dromios of the wild wood—• they appear, "not one without the other." As a rule one species is most abundant in a ^ven locality, but the other is to be found' near by in lesser nurribers. The foliage of both is Stock Photo

RMREYTC9–. Our garden flowers; a popular study of their native lands, their life histories, and their structural affiliations. Flowers. Flower of DwmLra cucuUaria slightly enlarged Stamens.—In two sets of three each, slightly united by their filaments. Ovary.—One-celled; style slender; stigma two-crested. Pod.—Ten to twenty-seeded. The two Dicentras, canadensis and cucul- laria, are the Dromios of the wild wood—• they appear, "not one without the other." As a rule one species is most abundant in a ^ven locality, but the other is to be found' near by in lesser nurribers. The foliage of both is

. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. THE COROLLA 215. 307. The Ligulate, or strap-shaped corolla, seen in the rays of the sunflower family, is of such frequent occurrence as to deserve a special examination. If you will remove one of the small blos- soms from the disk of any large composite flower (Fig. 426) and imagine its corolla greatly en- larged and split open on the inner side, you will get a very good idea of 426. — a head of artichoke 427. — A ray flower of the nature of the ^°'"'^'^ divided lengthwise. artichoke, enlarged. rays. The five little Stock Photo

RMRE298G–. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. THE COROLLA 215. 307. The Ligulate, or strap-shaped corolla, seen in the rays of the sunflower family, is of such frequent occurrence as to deserve a special examination. If you will remove one of the small blos- soms from the disk of any large composite flower (Fig. 426) and imagine its corolla greatly en- larged and split open on the inner side, you will get a very good idea of 426. — a head of artichoke 427. — A ray flower of the nature of the ^°'"'^'^ divided lengthwise. artichoke, enlarged. rays. The five little

. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 1. 4. PLATE LXXIIL HACKBERRY Uranch witli iiimiHtine leaves, slainiimtt' and pistilla).' How.is, x A staminHle llo«or, enlarged. A pistillate flower, eiilaiyed. A branch with mature leaves and inattiie fruit, x i. Section of a'"xviiiler Iwijr sliowinc ehanil.ered pitii, eiilHiKed. A leaf-scar witli Imndle scars, eiiliirired.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfe Stock Photo

RMRGA8EA–. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 1. 4. PLATE LXXIIL HACKBERRY Uranch witli iiimiHtine leaves, slainiimtt' and pistilla).' How.is, x A staminHle llo«or, enlarged. A pistillate flower, eiilaiyed. A branch with mature leaves and inattiie fruit, x i. Section of a'"xviiiler Iwijr sliowinc ehanil.ered pitii, eiilHiKed. A leaf-scar witli Imndle scars, eiiliirired.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfe

RMRE0JA6–. Botany for young people and common schools : how plants grow : a simple introduction to structural botany : with a popular flora, or, an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated . Botany; Botany. 351, Papilionaceous corolla of Locust,. , Its petals displayed : o, standard ; , VI, wings ; k, the keel laid open. 354. Flower of False Indigo No. 2. 355, Same, with the petals removed. 356, Flower of Amorpha, enlarged. 357, Stamens and pistil of the same. I. TRUE PULSE Family. Corolla really papilionaceous, and the standard outside, wrapped around the other petals in

. Plant life and plant uses; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany. Botany. MORE ABOUT POLLINATION 307 from other flowers are both upon the same stigma, that from other flowers will produce pollen tubes of more vigor- ous growth than those produced by the pollen from the same flower. The more vigorous pollen tubes will be the ones to reach the ovules. Thus cross-polHnation is favored even though close-polKnation is not absolutely prevented.. Fig. 128. — End of the pistil of Hibis- cus, much enlarged. Note the hairy sur- face of th Stock Photo

RMRDXT5F–. Plant life and plant uses; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany. Botany. MORE ABOUT POLLINATION 307 from other flowers are both upon the same stigma, that from other flowers will produce pollen tubes of more vigor- ous growth than those produced by the pollen from the same flower. The more vigorous pollen tubes will be the ones to reach the ovules. Thus cross-polHnation is favored even though close-polKnation is not absolutely prevented.. Fig. 128. — End of the pistil of Hibis- cus, much enlarged. Note the hairy sur- face of th

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. Fig. 419. — Stripping cork from the Cork Oak. After Lecomte.. Fig. 420. — The flowers and fruit of the Red Mulberry. Above, from left to right, a spike of staminate flowers, a spike of pistillate flowers, and a pis- tillate spike in fruit (natural size); at the bottom, a staminate and pistillate flower much enlarged. After Burns and Otis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the ori Stock Photo

RMRDTFYD–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. Fig. 419. — Stripping cork from the Cork Oak. After Lecomte.. Fig. 420. — The flowers and fruit of the Red Mulberry. Above, from left to right, a spike of staminate flowers, a spike of pistillate flowers, and a pis- tillate spike in fruit (natural size); at the bottom, a staminate and pistillate flower much enlarged. After Burns and Otis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the ori

. Botany for young people : Part II. How plants behave ; how they move, climb, employ insects to work for them, & c. Botany. 28 HOW PLANTS EMPLOY INSECTS TO WOllK FOR THEM, the honey-tube, its mouth opening just behind the base of this petal. Only the lower half of the tube, more enlarged and capacious, gets filled with nectar. To drain a cup which is about an inch and a half deep requires a long proboscis, much longer than any bee or wasp possesses. Butterflies and moths are our only insects capable of do- ing it; and one could predict from a view of the flower that the work is done by th Stock Photo

RMRDJHNG–. Botany for young people : Part II. How plants behave ; how they move, climb, employ insects to work for them, & c. Botany. 28 HOW PLANTS EMPLOY INSECTS TO WOllK FOR THEM, the honey-tube, its mouth opening just behind the base of this petal. Only the lower half of the tube, more enlarged and capacious, gets filled with nectar. To drain a cup which is about an inch and a half deep requires a long proboscis, much longer than any bee or wasp possesses. Butterflies and moths are our only insects capable of do- ing it; and one could predict from a view of the flower that the work is done by th

. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology. Botany. 395. The Fig presents a case of very singular inflorescence FIG. 324. Vertical section of a head of flowers of a Coreopsis. riG. 325. A slice of Fig. 324, more enlarged, with one tubular perfect flower (a) left stand- ing on the receptacle, and subtended by its bract or chaff (&); also one ligulate and neutral ray- flower {c)j and part of another: rf, section of bracts or leaves of the inyolucre.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced fo Stock Photo

RMRDWM76–. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology. Botany. 395. The Fig presents a case of very singular inflorescence FIG. 324. Vertical section of a head of flowers of a Coreopsis. riG. 325. A slice of Fig. 324, more enlarged, with one tubular perfect flower (a) left stand- ing on the receptacle, and subtended by its bract or chaff (&); also one ligulate and neutral ray- flower {c)j and part of another: rf, section of bracts or leaves of the inyolucre.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced fo

. Chinese economic trees. Trees. CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES. 4 5 "6 Plate 18. MYRICA RUBRA Siebold & Zuccarini Staminate branch ; 2. Fruiting branch ; 3. Pistillate branch; 4. Section of fruit; 5: Seed ; 6. Staminate flower; 7. Pistillate flower. (Details enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd Stock Photo

RMRDYG1H–. Chinese economic trees. Trees. CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES. 4 5 "6 Plate 18. MYRICA RUBRA Siebold & Zuccarini Staminate branch ; 2. Fruiting branch ; 3. Pistillate branch; 4. Section of fruit; 5: Seed ; 6. Staminate flower; 7. Pistillate flower. (Details enlarged.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chi?e?n, Huan-yung, 1895-. [Shanghai] Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Black Maple. Black Sngar Maple. 1. Winter twig, x 2. 2. Leaf, X J4. 3. Flowering branchlet, x J^. 4. Staminate flower, enlarged. 5. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 6. Fruit, X I. — 182 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWY55–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Black Maple. Black Sngar Maple. 1. Winter twig, x 2. 2. Leaf, X J4. 3. Flowering branchlet, x J^. 4. Staminate flower, enlarged. 5. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 6. Fruit, X I. — 182 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 307. The Ligulate, or strap-shaped corolla, seen in the rays of the sunflower family, is of such frequent occurrence as to deserve a special examination. If you will remove one of the small blos- soms from the disk of any large composite flower (Fig. 426) and imagine its corolla greatly en- larged and split open on the inner side, you will get a very good idea of 426. — a head of artichoke 427. — A ray flower of the nature of the ^°'"'^'^ divided lengthwise. artichoke, enlarged. rays. The five little teeth into which Stock Photo

RMRE298B–. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 307. The Ligulate, or strap-shaped corolla, seen in the rays of the sunflower family, is of such frequent occurrence as to deserve a special examination. If you will remove one of the small blos- soms from the disk of any large composite flower (Fig. 426) and imagine its corolla greatly en- larged and split open on the inner side, you will get a very good idea of 426. — a head of artichoke 427. — A ray flower of the nature of the ^°'"'^'^ divided lengthwise. artichoke, enlarged. rays. The five little teeth into which

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Fin Oak. 1. Winter twig, x 3. 2. Leaf, X Y-i. 3. Flowering branchlet, x 5/2. 4. Staminate flower, enlarged. S- Pistillate flower, enlarged. 6. Fruit, X I. — 110 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWYCN–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Fin Oak. 1. Winter twig, x 3. 2. Leaf, X Y-i. 3. Flowering branchlet, x 5/2. 4. Staminate flower, enlarged. S- Pistillate flower, enlarged. 6. Fruit, X I. — 110 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. Fig. 195. Fig. 105.—Vertical section of a flower of raspberry {Rubus tcieeus), showing numerous pistils which form the caplike fruit over the enlarged torus; stamens, corolla, and calyx all united at base. Magnified about 2 diam.—After Kemer. Fig. 196.—A, pistillate flower cluster of white mulberry; Bj multiple fruit from same. Natural size.—After Baillon. 311. Distributive arrangements.—The young of all plants must be so scattered as to prevent them from coming into sharp competition with the parents. In seed pla Stock Photo

RMRDHNFN–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. Fig. 195. Fig. 105.—Vertical section of a flower of raspberry {Rubus tcieeus), showing numerous pistils which form the caplike fruit over the enlarged torus; stamens, corolla, and calyx all united at base. Magnified about 2 diam.—After Kemer. Fig. 196.—A, pistillate flower cluster of white mulberry; Bj multiple fruit from same. Natural size.—After Baillon. 311. Distributive arrangements.—The young of all plants must be so scattered as to prevent them from coming into sharp competition with the parents. In seed pla

RMRDHF1N–. Plant life and plant uses; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany. Botany. MORE ABOUT POLLINATION 3°7 from other flowers are both upon the same stigma, that from other flowers will produce pollen tubes of more vigor- ous growth than those produced by the pollen from the same flower. The more vigorous pollen tubes will be the ones to reach the ovules. Thus cross-pollination is favored even though close-pollination is not absolutely prevented.. Fig. 128. — End of the pistil of Hibis- cus, much enlarged. Note the hairy sur- face of

. Introduction to botany. Botany. THE PLANT AS A WORKING IMACHINE 15 the corolla are the stamen><; and at the center of the flower is the pistil. "Within the enlarged stamen tip, or anther, are many grains of pollen, and witliin the swollen basal part of the pistil (the ovary^ are one or more ovules. The ovules are the developing seeds. In such plants as Indian corn and other members of the grass family, to which corn belongs, stamiiutte (stamen-bear- ing) flowers are often found on one part of the plant and. Fig. 10. A young ear of sweet com A, entire ear, showing the joints, or no Stock Photo

RMRE3AWB–. Introduction to botany. Botany. THE PLANT AS A WORKING IMACHINE 15 the corolla are the stamen><; and at the center of the flower is the pistil. "Within the enlarged stamen tip, or anther, are many grains of pollen, and witliin the swollen basal part of the pistil (the ovary^ are one or more ovules. The ovules are the developing seeds. In such plants as Indian corn and other members of the grass family, to which corn belongs, stamiiutte (stamen-bear- ing) flowers are often found on one part of the plant and. Fig. 10. A young ear of sweet com A, entire ear, showing the joints, or no

. Botany for young people : Part II. How plants behave ; how they move, climb, employ insects to work for them, & c. Botany. 28 now PLANTS EMPLOY INSKCTS TO WORK FOR TIIE3I,. the honey-tube, its mouth opening just behind the base of this petal. Only the lower half of the tube, more enlarged and capacious, gets filled with nectar. To drain a cup which is about an inch and a half deep requires a long proboscis, much longer- than any bee or wasp possesses. Butterflies and moths are our only insects capable of do- ing it; and one could predict from a view of the flower that the work is done by Stock Photo

RMRDE6KC–. Botany for young people : Part II. How plants behave ; how they move, climb, employ insects to work for them, & c. Botany. 28 now PLANTS EMPLOY INSKCTS TO WORK FOR TIIE3I,. the honey-tube, its mouth opening just behind the base of this petal. Only the lower half of the tube, more enlarged and capacious, gets filled with nectar. To drain a cup which is about an inch and a half deep requires a long proboscis, much longer- than any bee or wasp possesses. Butterflies and moths are our only insects capable of do- ing it; and one could predict from a view of the flower that the work is done by

. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. SPEKMATOPHYTES : ANGIOSPERIIS 213 JS m floral leaves), the ovary and Its contained seeds being repre- sented by the "core." In other cases, the end of the stem bearing the ovaries (receptacle) becomes enlarged and pulpy, as in the strawberry (Fig. 191). This effect some- times involves even more than the ,,«'"''- parts of a single flower, a whole flower-cluster, with its axis and bracts, becoming an enlarged pulpy mass, as in the pineapple (Fig. 192). The term "fruit," therefore.. Please note that these images are extracted from Stock Photo

RMRDWAAP–. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. SPEKMATOPHYTES : ANGIOSPERIIS 213 JS m floral leaves), the ovary and Its contained seeds being repre- sented by the "core." In other cases, the end of the stem bearing the ovaries (receptacle) becomes enlarged and pulpy, as in the strawberry (Fig. 191). This effect some- times involves even more than the ,,«'"''- parts of a single flower, a whole flower-cluster, with its axis and bracts, becoming an enlarged pulpy mass, as in the pineapple (Fig. 192). The term "fruit," therefore.. Please note that these images are extracted from

. Plants and their uses; an introduction to botany. Botany; Botany, Economic. C4 VARIOUS FOOD-PLANTS. Fig. G1.—Onif^n. A, flower, enlarged. B, three stamens, showing their unequal size, and eonnection at tlie i^ase. (', young p)od. D, the same cut across to sliow tlie tliree compartments and their seeds. E, dry pod spUt open naturally to release the seeds. (Redrawn from Reichenbach.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origina Stock Photo

RMRE2DGF–. Plants and their uses; an introduction to botany. Botany; Botany, Economic. C4 VARIOUS FOOD-PLANTS. Fig. G1.—Onif^n. A, flower, enlarged. B, three stamens, showing their unequal size, and eonnection at tlie i^ase. (', young p)od. D, the same cut across to sliow tlie tliree compartments and their seeds. E, dry pod spUt open naturally to release the seeds. (Redrawn from Reichenbach.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origina

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Cottonwood. 1. Winter twig, x i. 2. Leaf, X y2. 3. Staminate flowering branchlet, x Y^. 4. Staminate flower, enlargedi^ 5. Pistillate catkin, x '4. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X J4. — 56 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWYW4–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Cottonwood. 1. Winter twig, x i. 2. Leaf, X y2. 3. Staminate flowering branchlet, x Y^. 4. Staminate flower, enlargedi^ 5. Pistillate catkin, x '4. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X J4. — 56 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

. Elementary botany : theoretical and practical. A text-book designed primarily for students of science classes connected with the science and art department of the committee of council on education . Botany. Fig. 281. —I. Acorn of Quercus sessiliflora, with two empty cupules. II. Longitu- dinal section through the fertilised pistillate flower, with the cupule in an early state. is known as a pepo. The fruit of the Orange, known as a hesperidium, is a multilocular berry; whilst in the Apple we have a berry-like pseudocarp, the fleshy edible portion being the enlarged thalamus, and the scales a Stock Photo

RMRDJ3C0–. Elementary botany : theoretical and practical. A text-book designed primarily for students of science classes connected with the science and art department of the committee of council on education . Botany. Fig. 281. —I. Acorn of Quercus sessiliflora, with two empty cupules. II. Longitu- dinal section through the fertilised pistillate flower, with the cupule in an early state. is known as a pepo. The fruit of the Orange, known as a hesperidium, is a multilocular berry; whilst in the Apple we have a berry-like pseudocarp, the fleshy edible portion being the enlarged thalamus, and the scales a

. The principles of plant culture; a text for beginners in agriculture and horticulture. Gardening; Botany. Fig. 46. Flower of the pea, PisuTYi sativum. Fig. 47. — The same dissected, showing variation in form of the petals. 144. The pistil. — The column-like part in the center of the flower is called the pistil. This also consists of three principal parts, viz., the enlarged flattened summit, '^^ < called the stigma; the egg- shaped base, called the ovary; and the slender part connect- ing the two, the style. The ovary contains a smaller, egg-shaped part, called the ovule, which when devel Stock Photo

RMRE3ND0–. The principles of plant culture; a text for beginners in agriculture and horticulture. Gardening; Botany. Fig. 46. Flower of the pea, PisuTYi sativum. Fig. 47. — The same dissected, showing variation in form of the petals. 144. The pistil. — The column-like part in the center of the flower is called the pistil. This also consists of three principal parts, viz., the enlarged flattened summit, '^^ < called the stigma; the egg- shaped base, called the ovary; and the slender part connect- ing the two, the style. The ovary contains a smaller, egg-shaped part, called the ovule, which when devel

$. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. Fig. 430.—The Oak {Quercus sessUiJtora). 1 Cluster of female flowers. ' Single female flower, s Longitudinal section of a female flower showing the ovary with ovules, small perianth and the young cup or cupule. * Three male flowers. 5 Cluster of nuts (acorns) with their cupules. ^ The seed, 7 Longitudinal section of seed, s Transverse section of seed, i, ^, s, ^ enlarged; rest nat. size. Moracese; sometimes it is discoid, and sometimes hollowed out into the shape of an urn (see p, 157), It also enter Stock Photo$

RMRDGA3G–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. Fig. 430.—The Oak {Quercus sessUiJtora). 1 Cluster of female flowers. ' Single female flower, s Longitudinal section of a female flower showing the ovary with ovules, small perianth and the young cup or cupule. * Three male flowers. 5 Cluster of nuts (acorns) with their cupules. ^ The seed, 7 Longitudinal section of seed, s Transverse section of seed, i, ^, s, ^ enlarged; rest nat. size. Moracese; sometimes it is discoid, and sometimes hollowed out into the shape of an urn (see p, 157), It also enter

. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Butternut. 1. Winter twig, x i. 2. Leaf, X ^0- 3. Leaflet, x J^. 4. Flowering brandhlet, x J-2. 5. Staminate flower, enlarged. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X Yi. — 62 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents Stock Photo

RMRDWYTA–. Michigan trees; a handbook of the native and most important introduced species. Trees. Butternut. 1. Winter twig, x i. 2. Leaf, X ^0- 3. Leaflet, x J^. 4. Flowering brandhlet, x J-2. 5. Staminate flower, enlarged. 6. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 7. Fruit, X Yi. — 62 —. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Otis, Charles Herbert, 1886. Ann Arbor, The Regents

RMRE2AF4–. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 122. — Vertical section of a hip, showing seeds con- tained in a hollow receptacle (after Gray). 123, 124. — Enlarged receptacle of Caro- lina allspice {Cafycanthus) containing fruits attached to its inner surface: 123, exterior; 124, vertical section. 78. The Pepo, or Melon. — Next examine a gourd, cucumber, squash, or any kind of melon, and compare its blossom end with that of the pome. Do you find any remains of a calyx, or other part of the flower 1 Examine the peduncle and observe how the fruit is attached to it. Cut

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 12 FLOWERS second whorl is the corolla and each separate portion is a petaZ. The pistil occupies the central position and is surrounded by the whorl of stamens. The end of the flower stem to which these. Fig. 4. —A flower of Tobacco. c,the Fig. 5. — Flower of Red Clover, funnel-shaped corolla made up of united c, corolla; b, cup-like calyx. Much petals; b, calyx. The sepals are also enlarged. After Hayden. united below. Reduced. floral parts are attached is called torus or receptacle. The receptacle may be flat, conical, or cup-shaped, and ofte Stock Photo

RMRDWFWP–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 12 FLOWERS second whorl is the corolla and each separate portion is a petaZ. The pistil occupies the central position and is surrounded by the whorl of stamens. The end of the flower stem to which these. Fig. 4. —A flower of Tobacco. c,the Fig. 5. — Flower of Red Clover, funnel-shaped corolla made up of united c, corolla; b, cup-like calyx. Much petals; b, calyx. The sepals are also enlarged. After Hayden. united below. Reduced. floral parts are attached is called torus or receptacle. The receptacle may be flat, conical, or cup-shaped, and ofte

. Plants, their natural growth and ornamental treatment. Decoration and ornament; Plants in art; Plants. 66 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE XXXVII. 300. Columbine—Aquikgia vulgaris—natural growth. 301. Fruit of the Columbine. 302. One of the upper leaves of the Columbine. 303. Mediaeval carving of Columbine: Sherboume, Dorset. 304.* Design based on the leaves of the Columbine. 305. Plan view of interior of flower—enlarged. 306. One of the lower leaves of the plant. 307. 308. Side views—enlarged—of the bud. PLATE XXXVIII. 309. Mediseval carving of Hawthorn—Cratxgus oxycantha —Lincoln. 310.* Design Stock Photo

RMRDJ659–. Plants, their natural growth and ornamental treatment. Decoration and ornament; Plants in art; Plants. 66 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE XXXVII. 300. Columbine—Aquikgia vulgaris—natural growth. 301. Fruit of the Columbine. 302. One of the upper leaves of the Columbine. 303. Mediaeval carving of Columbine: Sherboume, Dorset. 304.* Design based on the leaves of the Columbine. 305. Plan view of interior of flower—enlarged. 306. One of the lower leaves of the plant. 307. 308. Side views—enlarged—of the bud. PLATE XXXVIII. 309. Mediseval carving of Hawthorn—Cratxgus oxycantha —Lincoln. 310.* Design

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 36 PISTILS AND STAMENS Peas, the ovary has one locule enclosing a number of ovules. In A of Figure 39, showing a lengthwise section through the flower of the Pea, one side of the ovary wall is removed to show the locule with its ovules. In this particular flower of the Pea, there are six ovules, but other flowers might have more or fewer. In B of Figure 39 is shown the ovary after it becomes a mature pod. The pod is opened to show the seeds. Each seed is a developed ovule and the pod enclos- ing the seeds is the ovary wall much enlarged. Notice Stock Photo

RMRDWFD6–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 36 PISTILS AND STAMENS Peas, the ovary has one locule enclosing a number of ovules. In A of Figure 39, showing a lengthwise section through the flower of the Pea, one side of the ovary wall is removed to show the locule with its ovules. In this particular flower of the Pea, there are six ovules, but other flowers might have more or fewer. In B of Figure 39 is shown the ovary after it becomes a mature pod. The pod is opened to show the seeds. Each seed is a developed ovule and the pod enclos- ing the seeds is the ovary wall much enlarged. Notice

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