Filamentous algae Black & White Stock Photos
RF2C9BN6W–Vaucheria is a green yellow colored algae found in freshwater environment, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration.
RMRPXWA0–. Text-book of botany, morphological and physiological. Botany. 33 MORPHOLOGY OF THE CELL. whole, increasing by intussusception ; by subsequent internal differentiation, masses (shells) of layers are formed, differing in their chemical and physical properties; the outer firm cuticularised shell (exospore, extine) remains unchanged, and is thrown off as an envelope, while an inner mass of layers (endospore, intine) begins a new growth with the germination of the spores or the development of the pollen-tubes. A similar process occurs with many filamentous Algae (Rivularieae and Scytonemese), whe
RMPFYM19–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. iS8 PRESH-WATER BIOLOGY 173 (171, 172) 171 (172, 173) Cells single, attached; oval, cylindrical, fusifonn, or curved in shape. Chromatophore single and parietal. Characium A. Braun. Cells oval, pointed, or rounded at the ends, straight or curved, sessile or stalked; attached to a substratum with or without a disc. A pyrenoid usually present. Reproduction by zoospores which have two dUa, a pyrenoid, and a pigment spot. Characium is very common on filamentous algae in all localities. The shape is greatly influenced by the direction of the rays of light.
RMRDHBMY–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES. 49 themselves branch, there is formed a bipinnate or even tri- pinnate system, as in figure 42, ^. 59. Protonema.—In its early stages the vegetative body of the leafy liverworts and the mosses is either a flat thallus, similar to the mature form of the thallose liverworts, or a branching filamentous body, called the pro- tonema, almost identical with the form of the branched filamentous algae. Upon this protonema the leafy shoot arises as a lateral bud, which soon outstrips it in growth and
![. Sculpin (Cottus) distribution in the Kootenai National Forest and western portions of the Lolo National Forest Montana . Sculpins; Fish populations; Fish populations. 26 c CD E % CD CO W £> CO W CD <u "-5 "o is « "5 O) 3 abundant common uncommon rare. Spuipin Specie? B Slimy ⦠Torrent â Shorthead abundant common uncommon Sculpin Abundance rare Figure 11: Filamentous algae density at sites with four levels of abundance for slimy, torrent, and shorthead sculpins. Algal densities and sculpin abundance were assessed qualitatively (see p. 8 for definition of sculpin abund Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFGCNR/sculpin-cottus-distribution-in-the-kootenai-national-forest-and-western-portions-of-the-lolo-national-forest-montana-sculpins-fish-populations-fish-populations-26-c-cd-e-cd-co-w-gt-co-w-cd-ltu-quot-5-quoto-is-quot5-o-3-abundant-common-uncommon-rare-spuipin-specie-b-slimy-torrent-shorthead-abundant-common-uncommon-sculpin-abundance-rare-figure-11-filamentous-algae-density-at-sites-with-four-levels-of-abundance-for-slimy-torrent-and-shorthead-sculpins-algal-densities-and-sculpin-abundance-were-assessed-qualitatively-see-p-8-for-definition-of-sculpin-abund-PFGCNR.jpg ". Sculpin (Cottus) distribution in the Kootenai National Forest and western portions of the Lolo National Forest Montana . Sculpins; Fish populations; Fish populations. 26 c CD E % CD CO W £> CO W CD <u "-5 "o is « "5 O) 3 abundant common uncommon rare. Spuipin Specie? B Slimy ⦠Torrent â Shorthead abundant common uncommon Sculpin Abundance rare Figure 11: Filamentous algae density at sites with four levels of abundance for slimy, torrent, and shorthead sculpins. Algal densities and sculpin abundance were assessed qualitatively (see p. 8 for definition of sculpin abund Stock Photo")
RMPFGCNR–. Sculpin (Cottus) distribution in the Kootenai National Forest and western portions of the Lolo National Forest Montana . Sculpins; Fish populations; Fish populations. 26 c CD E % CD CO W £> CO W CD <u "-5 "o is « "5 O) 3 abundant common uncommon rare. Spuipin Specie? B Slimy ⦠Torrent â Shorthead abundant common uncommon Sculpin Abundance rare Figure 11: Filamentous algae density at sites with four levels of abundance for slimy, torrent, and shorthead sculpins. Algal densities and sculpin abundance were assessed qualitatively (see p. 8 for definition of sculpin abund
RMRDHND0–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. 2s6 OUTLINES OF PLANT LIFE. the fungus is the master and the alga the slave. (See 48, and figs. 215, 216.) The same fiingus may be found en- slaving more than one species of algae even within the same mycelium. The proto- nema of mosses (see ^ 59) or even the leaves of some small plants may be surrounded by a my- celium. The enslaved green plants are generally unicellular or filamentous algae. If the latter are the species whose colonies produce voluminous gela- tin, the texture of the lichen body is gelatinous;
RMPG4E6J–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRUE FUNGI 43 gradations which preclude an absolute pronouncement as to whether a plant is a saprophyte, or a parasite.' Botanists generally concede that the true fungi have been derived from filamentous algal ancestors and the groups of algae from which the principal forms of fungi have. Fig. 12.—Russula nigricans parasitized by Nyclalis aslerophora. (After Brefeld.) been derived are fairly well known. For example, it is beUeved that such fungi as belong to the o
RMRE0T1A–. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 268 SEEDLESS PLANTS. a lens. Of what does it appear to consist ? Are the fila- ments all alike, or are they of different lengths and thick- ness ? Soak a number of them in alcohol for half an hour and examine again; where has the green matter gone ? Do these algae contain chlorophyll? (Sec. 25). 379. Spirogyra. — The filamentous algae are very numer- ous, and your drop of pond scum will probably contain sev- eral kinds. At least one of these, it is likely, will be a Spirogyra, as this is one of the commonest and most widel
RMPG3TXF–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 476 FUNGI IMPERFECTI. of the shoots, aud either rupture the epidermis or grow out from the leaf-scar cushions (Fig. 297). The couidia are abjointed from filamentous conidiophores inside the pycnidia, and emerge as tendril-like structures. They are two-celled, small, cylindrical, and pointed at both ends. Germination takes place easily in water, and the disease spreads rapidly over the young developing shoots during
RMRDHBW7–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. THE FUNGUS BODY. 31 from a single cell, and is comparable to the thread-like body of the filamentous algae. There is, naturally, a great variety in the hyphje of differ- ent species of fungi. Some are relatively large ; others very small; some of even diameter and caliber, others irregular and with unequally thickened walls ; some very thin-walled, others very thick-walled. Between these extremes is to be found a complete gradation. They grow in length at the apex only. In many kinds partitions are formed at more
RMPFYM3J–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE FRESH-WATER ALGAE 153 13s (i33> 134) 136) Characteristics as in Pleurococcus, but sometimes forming short filaments Pseudo-pleurococcus Snow. This form may remain indefinitely in either a filamentous or unicellular state according to the conditions in the environment. In the filamentous state it resembles a small form of Stigeodonium, but is distinguished from it by the absence of zoospores. Chodat regards a form, similar to this as a true Pleurococcus and believes that short filaments are characteristic of that genus. Fig. 176. Pseudo-pleuroco
RMRDWPTP–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. THALLUS OF GREEN ALG^ 197 are found in young stages of most filamentous Algae (Figs. 115, a ; 117, g), but in forms like Spirogyra, (Edogonitim, and Ulothrix, the filaments usually break off and become free-floating as they grow older, except in the case of species inhabiting flowing water. The lobes of the attaching cells grow into all the irregularities of the substratum (Fig. 104, B), to which they cling after the manner of a sucker, adhesion being often increased by the secre- tion of a cementing substanc
RMPG4BJM–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 115.—Plowrightia mor- bosa. Ascus, with eight spores. Spores in germina- tion. Filamentous para- physes. (Cop. from Farlow.) Fig. 114.—Plowrightia morbosa. (v. Tubeuf phot.) injurious and widely distributed disease of various species of Prunus, especially plum and cherry. The living branches and twigs become coated with a crust of warty excrescences, and at the same time are more or less thickened and deformed.
RMRDT18H–. The fishes of North Carolina . Fishes. 154 FISHES OF NORTH CAROLINA. these are .37 inch long and are able to swim at once. The old fish, at least in aquaria, often devour the young as soon as born. The top minnow feeds on mosquitoes and other insects, the larvae of mos- quitoes being the principal food in some places at proper season. Because of its mosquito-eating propensity, the species plays an important role, and its intro- duction into malarious and yellow-fever regions is strongly advocated Vege- table matter, in the form of diatoms, desmids, and filamentous algae, is also eaten. Genus
RMPFYERB–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. ALG^ 121 of their bodies are huge. Edocarpus may be used to illustrate the essential features of the group. Its body is filamentous (Fig. 113), suggesting the body of some of the Conferva forms among the green Algae. Certain cells of the filament (Fig. 113, .1), or the end cells of special short branches, become enlarged and produce numerous swimming spores. The swim- ming spores of brown Algse are peculiar in usu- ally bearing the two cilia on one side of the body rather than at one end, and hence they are described as laterally bicili- a
RMRDGF0C–. An introduction to zoology, with directions for practical work (invertebrates). 352 INTRODUCTION TO ZOOLOGY The Horn-bearing Fly (Ceratopogon hicoloi-). The Larva. Oeratopogon, like Tanypus, will probably first come under our notice in the larval form,' for the larva is very common on the surface of stagnant ponds where there is a plentiful supply of small filamentous Algae. The larva has a very slender, rather transparent, thread-like body, which, when touched, immediately be- comes rigid; it may be half an inch long. The head is small, and bears four tiny, very black eyes, and a pair of st
RMRDRD1A–. Introduction to botany. Botany. Mosses, Ferns, and Horsetails. 291 the time of its maturity; that is, until the capsule contain- ing the ripened asexual spores has been formed at its apex. The asexual spores are capable of germination as soon as formed, but, instead of producing a leafy moss plant imme- diately, they first form filamentous outgrowths called pro- tonemata, resembling the filamentous Algae (Fig. 152, A and B). Finally buds (Fig. 152, B) are formed on the protonemata, which develop into the leafy moss plant.. Fig. 152. A, germinating moss spore; B, protonema produced by further
RMRDB7A3–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. iS8 PRESH-WATER BIOLOGY 173 (171, 172) 171 (172, 173) Cells single, attached; oval, cylindrical, fusifonn, or curved in shape. Chromatophore single and parietal. Characium A. Braun. Cells oval, pointed, or rounded at the ends, straight or curved, sessile or stalked; attached to a substratum with or without a disc. A pyrenoid usually present. Reproduction by zoospores which have two dUa, a pyrenoid, and a pigment spot. Characium is very common on filamentous algae in all localities. The shape is greatly influenced by the direction of the rays of light.
RMRDHBY8–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. FILAMENTOUS ALGM. coccus {A, fig. lo) may divide into two, so that it consists of two hemispherical cells, each capable of independent growth (fig. 23, A). In the filamentous algae the cells formed by such divisions remain connected throughout their whole extent, and as the successive divisions are parallel a cell row results (£, fig. 15). When the divisions are in two planes the cells forma flat sheet (c, fig. 15); and when in three planes, a mass. 22. Filamentous algse. —There is a large number of plants in whic
RMRDX3Y6–. Lichens. Lichens. LICHEN ALGAE 53 two genera form the gonidia in the family Pyrenopsidaceae. Gloeocapsa polydermatica Kiitz. has been identified as a lichen gonidium. Fam. NOSTOCACEAE. Filamentous algae unbranched and without base or apex. NoSTOC Vauch. Composed of flexuous trichomes, with intercalary heterocysts (colourless cells) (Fig. i8). Dense gelatinous colonies of definite. Fig. i8. Examples of Nostoc. N. Linckia Bom. A, nat. size; B, small portion X 340 ; C, N. coerulescens Lyngbye, nat. size (after West).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may
RMREA440–. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 7. Botany; Botany. 658 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. i6. AsTEROCYSTis RAMOSA (Thwaites) Gobi.—Petit Goave; Aquin. Airiorig other larger filamentous algae on Gorgonians, etc. January, April. Ihis was distributed from Haiti in Collins, Holden & Setchell, Phycotheca Boreali-Americana as No. 2296. ^ rr i- j 1 LiAGORA CERANOiDES Lamx.—Petit Goave. On Hahmeda. January. LiAGORA FARiNOSA Lamx.—Petit Goave; Aquin. February, May. Galaxaura marginata (E. & S.) Lamx.—Petit Goave. Inner side of reefs. January. ^ . ^ * • r Galaxaura squalida Kj
![. Sculpin (Cottus) distribution in the Kootenai National Forest and western portions of the Lolo National Forest Montana . Sculpins; Fish populations; Fish populations. 26 c CD E % CD CO W £> CO W CD <u "-5 "o is « "5 O) 3 abundant common uncommon rare. Spuipin Specie? B Slimy ⦠Torrent â Shorthead abundant common uncommon Sculpin Abundance rare Figure 11: Filamentous algae density at sites with four levels of abundance for slimy, torrent, and shorthead sculpins. Algal densities and sculpin abundance were assessed qualitatively (see p. 8 for definition of sculpin abund Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RCYHRA/sculpin-cottus-distribution-in-the-kootenai-national-forest-and-western-portions-of-the-lolo-national-forest-montana-sculpins-fish-populations-fish-populations-26-c-cd-e-cd-co-w-gt-co-w-cd-ltu-quot-5-quoto-is-quot5-o-3-abundant-common-uncommon-rare-spuipin-specie-b-slimy-torrent-shorthead-abundant-common-uncommon-sculpin-abundance-rare-figure-11-filamentous-algae-density-at-sites-with-four-levels-of-abundance-for-slimy-torrent-and-shorthead-sculpins-algal-densities-and-sculpin-abundance-were-assessed-qualitatively-see-p-8-for-definition-of-sculpin-abund-RCYHRA.jpg ". Sculpin (Cottus) distribution in the Kootenai National Forest and western portions of the Lolo National Forest Montana . Sculpins; Fish populations; Fish populations. 26 c CD E % CD CO W £> CO W CD <u "-5 "o is « "5 O) 3 abundant common uncommon rare. Spuipin Specie? B Slimy ⦠Torrent â Shorthead abundant common uncommon Sculpin Abundance rare Figure 11: Filamentous algae density at sites with four levels of abundance for slimy, torrent, and shorthead sculpins. Algal densities and sculpin abundance were assessed qualitatively (see p. 8 for definition of sculpin abund Stock Photo")
RMRCYHRA–. Sculpin (Cottus) distribution in the Kootenai National Forest and western portions of the Lolo National Forest Montana . Sculpins; Fish populations; Fish populations. 26 c CD E % CD CO W £> CO W CD <u "-5 "o is « "5 O) 3 abundant common uncommon rare. Spuipin Specie? B Slimy ⦠Torrent â Shorthead abundant common uncommon Sculpin Abundance rare Figure 11: Filamentous algae density at sites with four levels of abundance for slimy, torrent, and shorthead sculpins. Algal densities and sculpin abundance were assessed qualitatively (see p. 8 for definition of sculpin abund
RMRDHA3D–. Microbes & toxins. Bacteriology; Toxins; Antitoxins. FORM AND STRUCTURE OF MICROBES 63 bacteria, the Streptothricese, which, by their filamentous and branching appearance, form a Unk between the bacteria and the simplest fungi. On the other hand, there are yeasts which resemble bacteria in producing endospores and multiplying by division instead of by budding. It is, however, with certain algae, the Cyanophyces or blue algae that the relationship is most marked. The Cyanophycese reproduce by division, presenting different shapes, long, round, and curved, resembling cocci, coccobacilli an
RMRDEG78–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRUE FUNGI 43 gradations which preclude an absolute pronouncement as to whether a plant is a saprophyte, or a parasite.' Botanists generally concede that the true fungi have been derived from filamentous algal ancestors and the groups of algae from which the principal forms of fungi have. Fig. 12.—Russula nigricans parasitized by Nyclalis aslerophora. (After Brefeld.) been derived are fairly well known. For example, it is beUeved that such fungi as belong to the o
RMRDWFDH–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 292 DEVELOPMENT OF ANTHOCEROS scopic, closing over the spores in damp weather and opening in dry weather to expose them to the wind. These spores germi- nate and begin the life history of a new gametophyte. As in some of the Marchantiales a filamentous alga-like growth is first formed by the germinating spore before the characteristic plant is reproduced. io6. Order c. Anthocerotales or Horned Liverworts.—^This small group of four genera is the most interesting of any of the hepatics because it presents features that are suggestive of the algae and a
RMRDXNP3–. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. CHLOROPHYCE^ 169 motionless spores within large sporangia. These spores, which are round and provided with a membrane, do not germinate in the ordinary way but become them- selves small plantlets with a rhizoid attachment. These either soon give rise to a filamentous thallus, or, becoming enlarged, are transformed into new sporangia, the actual outcome of which has not yet been observed. In Urospora and Ehizoclonium there is a method of vegetative propagation by the separation of vegetative cells densely packed with con- tents. In Urospora the
RMRDTPT3–. Lichens. Lichens. LICHEN ALGAE 59 Earn. Trentepohliaceae. Filamentous and branched, the filaments short and creeping or long and forming tufts and felts or cushions; colour, brownish-yellow or reddish-orange. Trentepohlia Born. Branching alternate; cells filled with red or orange oil; no pyrenoids (Fig. 29). A large number of lichens are associated with this genus : Pyrenulaceae, Arthoniaceae, Graphidaceae, Roccellaceae, Thelotremaceae, Gyalectaceae and Coenogoniaceae, etc., in whole or in part. Two species have been determined, T. umbrina Born., the gonidium of the Graphidaceae, and T. aure
RMRE1PRP–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 292 DEVELOPMENT OF ANTHOCEROS scopic, closing over the spores in damp weather and opening in dry weather to expose them to the wind. These spores germi- nate and begin the life history of a new gametophyte. As in some of the Marchantiales a filamentous alga-like growth is first formed by the germinating spore before the characteristic plant is reproduced. 106. Order c. Anthocerotales or Horned Liverworts.—^This small group of four genera is the most interesting of any of the hepatics because it presents features that are suggestive of the algae and a
RMRDB7C4–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE FRESH-WATER ALGAE 153 13s (i33> 134) 136) Characteristics as in Pleurococcus, but sometimes forming short filaments Pseudo-pleurococcus Snow. This form may remain indefinitely in either a filamentous or unicellular state according to the conditions in the environment. In the filamentous state it resembles a small form of Stigeodonium, but is distinguished from it by the absence of zoospores. Chodat regards a form, similar to this as a true Pleurococcus and believes that short filaments are characteristic of that genus. Fig. 176. Pseudo-pleuroco
RMRDTPR9–. Lichens. Lichens. LICHEN ALGAE 65 E. NON-GONIDIAL ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH LiCHEN HYPHAE Bonnier' made a series of cultures with lichen spores and green cells other than those that form lichen gonidia. In one instance he substituted Protococcus botryoides for the normal gonidia of Parmelia {Xanthoria) parietina; in another of his cultures he replaced Protococcus viridis by the filamentous alga Trentepohlia abietina. In both cases the hyphae attached themselves to the green cells and a certain stage of thallus formation was reached, though growth ceased fairly early. Another experiment made
RMRDXTCT–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. THALLOPHYTES 47 cell. In such filamentous bodies as were met among the green algae, the filament is elongated by the division of all the cells ; in other words, the power of cell-divi- sion is distributed throughout the filament. In Ectocarpus this power of cell- division to elongate the filament is more restricted, often being specially present in a region behind the tip, where the divisions occur in unusually rapid succession. In Sphacdaria this special power has become restricted to the apical cell, which. Fig. 124. â Macrocys
RMRE0CKY–. The life of inland waters; an elementary text book of fresh-water biology for American students. Freshwater biology. Siphon Algae 121 is known as conjugation, whence the group name) and the development of a protective wall about the result- ing reproductive body. This rests for a time like a seed, and on germinating, produces a new filament by the ordinary process of cell division. These filamentous forms share this reproductive process with the desmids, and despite the differences in external aspect it is a strong bond of affinity between the two groups. The siphon algce—This pectdiar group
RMRDCY4T–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 476 FUNGI IMPERFECTI. of the shoots, aud either rupture the epidermis or grow out from the leaf-scar cushions (Fig. 297). The couidia are abjointed from filamentous conidiophores inside the pycnidia, and emerge as tendril-like structures. They are two-celled, small, cylindrical, and pointed at both ends. Germination takes place easily in water, and the disease spreads rapidly over the young developing shoots during
![. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUNGI 321 homoiomerous. The heteromerous thallus mainly consists of the fungus body of the lichen differentiated into a cortical layer and a medullary layer, the algae occurring either as a definite layer where the cortical and the medullary hyphae join, or they are scattered throughout the medulla, or form a dense mass in it. Such thalli exhibit considerable variety in forms of growth, and are ca].tA foliaceous, fruticose, crustaceans^. Fig. 284.—Roccelld iinctaria DC. A filamentous lichen. Small plant (natural size). &c., in descriptive wo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE3CW3/a-handbook-of-cryptogamic-botany-cryptogams-fungi-321-homoiomerous-the-heteromerous-thallus-mainly-consists-of-the-fungus-body-of-the-lichen-differentiated-into-a-cortical-layer-and-a-medullary-layer-the-algae-occurring-either-as-a-definite-layer-where-the-cortical-and-the-medullary-hyphae-join-or-they-are-scattered-throughout-the-medulla-or-form-a-dense-mass-in-it-such-thalli-exhibit-considerable-variety-in-forms-of-growth-and-are-ca-ta-foliaceous-fruticose-crustaceans-fig-284roccelld-iinctaria-dc-a-filamentous-lichen-small-plant-natural-size-ampc-in-descriptive-wo-RE3CW3.jpg ". A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUNGI 321 homoiomerous. The heteromerous thallus mainly consists of the fungus body of the lichen differentiated into a cortical layer and a medullary layer, the algae occurring either as a definite layer where the cortical and the medullary hyphae join, or they are scattered throughout the medulla, or form a dense mass in it. Such thalli exhibit considerable variety in forms of growth, and are ca].tA foliaceous, fruticose, crustaceans^. Fig. 284.—Roccelld iinctaria DC. A filamentous lichen. Small plant (natural size). &c., in descriptive wo Stock Photo")
RMRE3CW3–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUNGI 321 homoiomerous. The heteromerous thallus mainly consists of the fungus body of the lichen differentiated into a cortical layer and a medullary layer, the algae occurring either as a definite layer where the cortical and the medullary hyphae join, or they are scattered throughout the medulla, or form a dense mass in it. Such thalli exhibit considerable variety in forms of growth, and are ca].tA foliaceous, fruticose, crustaceans^. Fig. 284.—Roccelld iinctaria DC. A filamentous lichen. Small plant (natural size). &c., in descriptive wo
RMRDAAT1–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. ALG^ 121 of their bodies are huge. Edocarpus may be used to illustrate the essential features of the group. Its body is filamentous (Fig. 113), suggesting the body of some of the Conferva forms among the green Algae. Certain cells of the filament (Fig. 113, .1), or the end cells of special short branches, become enlarged and produce numerous swimming spores. The swim- ming spores of brown Algse are peculiar in usu- ally bearing the two cilia on one side of the body rather than at one end, and hence they are described as laterally bicili- a
RMRDWDHW–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. BLUE-GREEN ALGAE 299 a tiny worm in its creeping and bending to one side and then the other. This movement indicates that the cells of the colony of Oscillatoria work together as a unit and thus the many-celled colony takes on the character of a many-celled plant where the cells are closely associated in the activities of the plant. Another filamentous form {Fig. 257) is Nostoc, which is common in fresh water and on moist soil.' In this plant the cells are rounded and the filament re- â sembles a chain of beads. Nostoc secretes an extraordinary
RMRDC1NX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 115.—Plowrightia mor- bosa. Ascus, with eight spores. Spores in germina- tion. Filamentous para- physes. (Cop. from Farlow.) Fig. 114.—Plowrightia morbosa. (v. Tubeuf phot.) injurious and widely distributed disease of various species of Prunus, especially plum and cherry. The living branches and twigs become coated with a crust of warty excrescences, and at the same time are more or less thickened and deformed.
RMRDWG9W–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 195 70. Order d. Siphonales or Tubular Green Algae.—^This order includes a large number of odd forms that are filamentous in character and they differ from algae previously noted in that the filaments contain numerous nuclei, but with rare exceptions no cell partitions. Such plants are called coenocytes. They assume various forms and often resemble a small plant with stem, root and leaf, but in all these cases the plant is essentially a huge cell or tube without partitions and containing numerous nuclei. Most of the Siphonales a
RMRDXP17–. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. 96 SEAWEEDS on its characters as on those allied groups, will no doubt better assure its position here or elsewhere. Its species are epiphytic on other Algae and show small differentiation as regards the thallus. M.. Fic. 23!—Myriotricliia elavrpformU. a, plant with sporangia, magnified : 6, part of same, more highly magnified ; c, plurilocular sporangia. (After X. KarsakofT.) davcrformis, which grows on Scylosiphon, is a small filamentous Alga, densely clothed with branches and hairs above, while remaining simple below. It con- sists at first
RMRE1R8P–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 195 70. Order d. Siphonales or Tubular Green Algae.—This order includes a large number of odd forms that are filamentous in character and they differ from algae previously noted in that the filaments contain numerous nuclei, but with rare exceptions no cell partitions. Such plants are called coenocytes. They assume various forms and often resemble a small plant with stem, root and leaf, but in all these cases the plant is essentially a huge cell- or tube without partitions and containing numerous nuclei. Most of the Siphonales a
RMRDYWJM–. Principles of modern biology. Biology. Cell Division in Relation to Reproduction - 57. CHLOROPLAST NUCLEUS ZOOSPORE Fig. 3-14. Speculation in Ulothrix, a filamentous green alga. 1, nonrepro- duing cell of filament; 2-4, formation and liberation of zoospores; 5-7, de- velopment of a zoospore into a new filament. suitable new medium, where it may begin to grow and bud again. Many species of algae reproduce asexually by means of free-swimming flagellated spores, called swarm spores, or zoospores. At least four, but frequently many, zoospores are formed from a single mother cell, as in Ulo- thri
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