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Fungi on wall Black & White Stock Photos
RF2B2NW89–inspector woman taking notes on clipboard during Indoor air quality inspection she looking for molds, fungi problems on wooden walls, black and white
RM2WPA01N–London, England, UK - May 4, 2014: Fungus (Christiaan Nagel style) on ruined brick wall and modern building at background. Urban art in Shoreditch are
RF2A32YN8–A close up and monochrome view on the hand of an indoor environmental quality assessor, taking readings from an electronic meter by a kitchen sink.
RMRE1GDK–. Fungi; their nature, influence, and uses;. Fungi. Fig. 107.—Cells and pseudospores of Mcidlum berberidis. Montague has, however, described a Fuccinia herheridis on leaves of Berheris cjlauca from Chili, which grows in company 5^. Fio. 108.—Cells and pseudospores of Mcidium. graveoUns. with ^cidium berberidis. This at first sight seems to contradict the above conclusions; but the Mcidium which from the same disc produces the puccinoid resting spores, appears to be dif- ferent from the European species, inasmuch as the cells of the wall of the sporangium, are twice as large, and the spores de-
RMPG3YP0–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 220 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS these layers into all available space, smaller hyphae are protruded; thus a compact inclosing body or perithecium is developed. With the further growth of the perithecium and the increase in size of the ascus, the inner layer and all internal hyphal branches are dissolved and appropriated. Meanwhile, the outer layer be- comes yellow or brown and forms the true wall of the peri- thecium. From the wall cells of the perithecium there are. Fig. 86. Spore
RF2FN3B2M–Mold icon isolated on white. Round mildew mycelium. Grey round fungal mucor surface. Condensation, damp, high humidity and respiratory problems.Vector
RM2WPA006–London, England, UK - May 4, 2014: Fungus (Christiaan Nagel style) on ruined brick wall and modern building at background. Urban art in Shoreditch
RMRDHRP8–. Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. Fig. 107.—Cells and pseudospores of JEcidium berberidis. Montagne has, however, described a Puccinia berberidis on leaves of Berberis glauca from Chili, which grows in company. Fig. 108.—Cells and pseudospores of Xeidium graveolens. with Mcidium, berberidis. This at first sight seems to contradict the above conclusions; but the Mcidium which from the same disc produces the puccinoid resting spores, appears to be dif- ferent from the European species, inasmuch as the cells of the wall of the sporangium are twice as large, and the spores de- cidedly of grea
RMPG42YM–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 38 REACTION OF HOST TO PARASITIC ATTACK. men other substances make their appearance in the lignified walls, chiefly tinctorial phlobaphenes. The walls of the wood-elements are, however, not lignified to the same extent. The primary layer of the wall is, as a rule, lignified most and contains but little cellulose. In con- sequence, on treatment with lignin-solvents, it becomes first dissolved while the secondary and
RMRDDWWN–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 38 REACTION OF HOST TO PARASITIC ATTACK. men other substances make their appearance in the lignified walls, chiefly tinctorial phlobaphenes. The walls of the wood-elements are, however, not lignified to the same extent. The primary layer of the wall is, as a rule, lignified most and contains but little cellulose. In con- sequence, on treatment with lignin-solvents, it becomes first dissolved while the secondary and
RMPG3R8Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NOSTOC. 543 the slime-canal into the gland itself, and there occupy the space left by the glandular cells on their conversion into slime. Thence the filaments find their way into the intercellular spaces of the starch-containing parenchyma surrounding the gland, and become closely applied to the cell-walls. The Nostoc then bores through or dissolves the cell-wall, absorbs the starch, and grows vigorously till it fil
RMRDJFAW–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 220 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS these layers into all available space, smaller hyphae are protruded; thus a compact inclosing body or perithecium is developed. With the further growth of the perithecium and the increase in size of the ascus, the inner layer and all internal hyphal branches are dissolved and appropriated. Meanwhile, the outer layer be- comes yellow or brown and forms the true wall of the peri- thecium. From the wall cells of the perithecium there are. Fig. 86. Spore
RMPG0PR8–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. no FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS of cultivated and wild cruciferous plants (such as mustard and charlock) are also known to be susceptible. The organism, morphology and reactions. Upon gaining entrance through the water pores upon the margins of leaves this organism multiplies enormously. It is probable that a cellulose enzyme is slowly secreted, for in time masses of bacteria cause the progress- ive disappearance of the cell wall in contact with them. Through the vessels of the fibro
RMRDJG33–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. no FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS of cultivated and wild cruciferous plants (such as mustard and charlock) are also known to be susceptible. The organism, morphology and reactions. Upon gaining entrance through the water pores upon the margins of leaves this organism multiplies enormously. It is probable that a cellulose enzyme is slowly secreted, for in time masses of bacteria cause the progress- ive disappearance of the cell wall in contact with them. Through the vessels of the fibro
RMPG45E9–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. I. Germinating gonidia of Neciria (Sfiicarj'a) Solani, FIG. z. Clamp^onnections of the my- Reinke ; a developing into an isolated hyplia, in the rest the celium of Hypochnus centrifjtgus, Tul. hyphae have coalesced. Magn. 390 times. Magn. 390 times. following manner:—the lateral wall or the extremity of a branch or of a segment-- cell of the branch places itself on another branch or cell, and the membranes of both disappear at the point of contact, so that the ca
RMRDCXP8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NOSTOC. 543 the slime-canal into the gland itself, and there occupy the space left by the glandular cells on their conversion into slime. Thence the filaments find their way into the intercellular spaces of the starch-containing parenchyma surrounding the gland, and become closely applied to the cell-walls. The Nostoc then bores through or dissolves the cell-wall, absorbs the starch, and grows vigorously till it fil
RMPG4H38–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 45.—Cucumber seedlings. Pots 5, 6, and 8 inoculated with Pythium. Pot 7, Control. After Atkinson. species, bear conidia on branches which are of the same character as the myceHum itself. The conidia germinate either by a rupture of the wall or by the formation of a beak-like process through which the protoplasm is extruded, after which it becomes differentiated into zoospores. Gemmae, very like the conidia in ap- pearance, are also produced. The oogonia are quite like the conidia and gemmae in structure but develop oospores wi
![. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 264 PUCCINIA membrane marked with about nine (7—10) germ-pores, which are each surrounded by a little thickening of the cell-wall, so that they look some- what like a " bordered pit" ; the teleuto-soi'i mostly on the lower leaf-surface or sheath, black, covered by the epidermis ; the teleutospores oboonical or with nearly parallel sides, truncate, rounded, or pointed (obtusely and often obliquely) at the apex ; the slightly thickened apical wall and a broad band at the base chestnut-brown, but the rem Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE1WPE/the-british-rust-fungi-uredinales-their-biology-and-classification-rust-fungi-264-puccinia-membrane-marked-with-about-nine-710-germ-pores-which-are-each-surrounded-by-a-little-thickening-of-the-cell-wall-so-that-they-look-some-what-like-a-quot-bordered-pitquot-the-teleuto-soii-mostly-on-the-lower-leaf-surface-or-sheath-black-covered-by-the-epidermis-the-teleutospores-oboonical-or-with-nearly-parallel-sides-truncate-rounded-or-pointed-obtusely-and-often-obliquely-at-the-apex-the-slightly-thickened-apical-wall-and-a-broad-band-at-the-base-chestnut-brown-but-the-rem-RE1WPE.jpg ". The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 264 PUCCINIA membrane marked with about nine (7—10) germ-pores, which are each surrounded by a little thickening of the cell-wall, so that they look some- what like a " bordered pit" ; the teleuto-soi'i mostly on the lower leaf-surface or sheath, black, covered by the epidermis ; the teleutospores oboonical or with nearly parallel sides, truncate, rounded, or pointed (obtusely and often obliquely) at the apex ; the slightly thickened apical wall and a broad band at the base chestnut-brown, but the rem Stock Photo")
RMRE1WPE–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 264 PUCCINIA membrane marked with about nine (7—10) germ-pores, which are each surrounded by a little thickening of the cell-wall, so that they look some- what like a " bordered pit" ; the teleuto-soi'i mostly on the lower leaf-surface or sheath, black, covered by the epidermis ; the teleutospores oboonical or with nearly parallel sides, truncate, rounded, or pointed (obtusely and often obliquely) at the apex ; the slightly thickened apical wall and a broad band at the base chestnut-brown, but the rem
RMPG3YK8–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 241 generally followed later in the season by the development of peri- thecia, which latter may be differentiated in newly developed stroma, or in the stroma which has borne the Tubercularia stage. A longitudinal section of the perithecia in a related fungus is shown in Fig. 103. The wall of the perithecium consists of an interwoven layer of threads having almost a pseudoparenchymatous appearance. The asci develop from the base and sides, converging toward the apex, eac
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. n] ASCOMYCETES 39 (i-«-.. hymenium. In Desmotascus^, a pyrenomycetous fungus parasitic on Bromelia, the paraphyses are replaced by a thin-walled pseudoparenchyma recalling the arrangement in the higher Plectomycetes. The Peridium. The peridium or wall of the ascocarp is a weft of sterile hyphae in which the individual filamentsare sometimes clear- '^- ly distinguished, sometimes closely interwoven to form a pseudoparenchyma; the walls of the outer cells are some- times considerably thickened and may be variously pig- mented ; in many case Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX1TR/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-n-ascomycetes-39-i-hymenium-in-desmotascus-a-pyrenomycetous-fungus-parasitic-on-bromelia-the-paraphyses-are-replaced-by-a-thin-walled-pseudoparenchyma-recalling-the-arrangement-in-the-higher-plectomycetes-the-peridium-the-peridium-or-wall-of-the-ascocarp-is-a-weft-of-sterile-hyphae-in-which-the-individual-filamentsare-sometimes-clear-ly-distinguished-sometimes-closely-interwoven-to-form-a-pseudoparenchyma-the-walls-of-the-outer-cells-are-some-times-considerably-thickened-and-may-be-variously-pig-mented-in-many-case-RDX1TR.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. n] ASCOMYCETES 39 (i-«-.. hymenium. In Desmotascus^, a pyrenomycetous fungus parasitic on Bromelia, the paraphyses are replaced by a thin-walled pseudoparenchyma recalling the arrangement in the higher Plectomycetes. The Peridium. The peridium or wall of the ascocarp is a weft of sterile hyphae in which the individual filamentsare sometimes clear- '^- ly distinguished, sometimes closely interwoven to form a pseudoparenchyma; the walls of the outer cells are some- times considerably thickened and may be variously pig- mented ; in many case Stock Photo")
RMRDX1TR–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. n] ASCOMYCETES 39 (i-«-.. hymenium. In Desmotascus^, a pyrenomycetous fungus parasitic on Bromelia, the paraphyses are replaced by a thin-walled pseudoparenchyma recalling the arrangement in the higher Plectomycetes. The Peridium. The peridium or wall of the ascocarp is a weft of sterile hyphae in which the individual filamentsare sometimes clear- '^- ly distinguished, sometimes closely interwoven to form a pseudoparenchyma; the walls of the outer cells are some- times considerably thickened and may be variously pig- mented ; in many case
RMPG42YG–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON THE CELL-WAIi. 39 acid the cellulose is dissolved out, and the primary wall remains almost intact, while the secondary after swelling is converted into sugar and gum. Certain fungi {e.g. Polyporus vaporarius, P. Schweinitzii and P. sulphureus), act in the same manner, first dissolving out and consuming the cellulose before attacking the wood-gum. When wood is destroyed by fungi of this.
![. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPHYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms what is called the " black rust," which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, which last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called teleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the uredospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to be identical with the uredosp Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE1JGE/plant-studies-an-elementary-botany-botany-thallophytes-fungi-281-wall-and-forms-what-is-called-the-quot-black-rustquot-which-ap-pears-late-in-the-summer-on-wheat-stubble-these-spores-are-the-resting-spores-which-last-through-the-winter-and-germinate-in-the-following-spring-they-are-called-teleuto-spores-meaning-the-quot-last-spores-quot-of-the-growing-season-they-are-also-called-quot-winter-sporesquot-to-distinguish-them-from-the-uredospores-or-quot-summer-sporesquot-at-first-this-teleutospore-bearing-mycelium-was-not-recognized-to-be-identical-with-the-uredosp-RE1JGE.jpg ". Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPHYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms what is called the " black rust," which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, which last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called teleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the uredospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to be identical with the uredosp Stock Photo")
RMRE1JGE–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPHYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms what is called the " black rust," which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, which last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called teleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the uredospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to be identical with the uredosp
RMPG4DJH–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Puffballs of the fleshy interior becomes filled with dust-like spores, when the rind of the ball breaks to let the spores escape. Sometimes the wall breaks off in scales; sometimes it is punctured at the summit with one hole, sometimes with several, and sometimes it splits and turns back to form a star on the ground. Sometimes the balls contain elastic threads (capillitium), which help to push out the spores, and sometim
RMRDD28J–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. I. Germinating gonidia of Neciria (Sfiicarj'a) Solani, FIG. z. Clamp^onnections of the my- Reinke ; a developing into an isolated hyplia, in the rest the celium of Hypochnus centrifjtgus, Tul. hyphae have coalesced. Magn. 390 times. Magn. 390 times. following manner:—the lateral wall or the extremity of a branch or of a segment-- cell of the branch places itself on another branch or cell, and the membranes of both disappear at the point of contact, so that the ca
RMPG3F0X–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMYCETES. 247 described above on page 229, in the case of Pleospora; an intercalary portion of a mycelial filament grows by successive divisions which arise without fixed order in every direction, and the cells thus formed are subsequently differentiated, while branches from adjoining hyphae usually grow up round the new body and thus help to form its wall (see Fig. ri8). This is the mode of formation according to Gibelli and GrifiBni
![. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 300 KUEHNEOLA several cells as in Phragmidium, but the wall is faintly coloured or colourless, and smooth; pores one in each cell, apical. This genas is not confined to Rosacese, being recorded on Malvaceae in America, where also both the British species are found. It is not closely allied to Phragmidium: the wall of the teleutospores and the germ-pores are quite different. But I" am also of the opinion that the two species included here are not in reality congeneric. 1. Kuehneola albida Magnus. Uredo Midl Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE370G/the-british-rust-fungi-uredinales-their-biology-and-classification-rust-fungi-300-kuehneola-several-cells-as-in-phragmidium-but-the-wall-is-faintly-coloured-or-colourless-and-smooth-pores-one-in-each-cell-apical-this-genas-is-not-confined-to-rosacese-being-recorded-on-malvaceae-in-america-where-also-both-the-british-species-are-found-it-is-not-closely-allied-to-phragmidium-the-wall-of-the-teleutospores-and-the-germ-pores-are-quite-different-but-iquot-am-also-of-the-opinion-that-the-two-species-included-here-are-not-in-reality-congeneric-1-kuehneola-albida-magnus-uredo-midl-RE370G.jpg ". The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 300 KUEHNEOLA several cells as in Phragmidium, but the wall is faintly coloured or colourless, and smooth; pores one in each cell, apical. This genas is not confined to Rosacese, being recorded on Malvaceae in America, where also both the British species are found. It is not closely allied to Phragmidium: the wall of the teleutospores and the germ-pores are quite different. But I" am also of the opinion that the two species included here are not in reality congeneric. 1. Kuehneola albida Magnus. Uredo Midl Stock Photo")
RMRE370G–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 300 KUEHNEOLA several cells as in Phragmidium, but the wall is faintly coloured or colourless, and smooth; pores one in each cell, apical. This genas is not confined to Rosacese, being recorded on Malvaceae in America, where also both the British species are found. It is not closely allied to Phragmidium: the wall of the teleutospores and the germ-pores are quite different. But I" am also of the opinion that the two species included here are not in reality congeneric. 1. Kuehneola albida Magnus. Uredo Midl
RMPG40BH–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 212 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNOT. Pyrenomycetes protuberant below and with a short neck; they are sunk in the thallus but have the free extremity of the neck on a level with the outer surface. The neck is traversed throughout its length by a canal open at both ends, the canal of egress. The wall of the iimer ventral portion, which is formed of a close weft of hyphae, bears a hymenium on its inner surface composed of delicate hyphal branches of uniform h
RMRDE71R–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 45.—Cucumber seedlings. Pots 5, 6, and 8 inoculated with Pythium. Pot 7, Control. After Atkinson. species, bear conidia on branches which are of the same character as the myceHum itself. The conidia germinate either by a rupture of the wall or by the formation of a beak-like process through which the protoplasm is extruded, after which it becomes differentiated into zoospores. Gemmae, very like the conidia in ap- pearance, are also produced. The oogonia are quite like the conidia and gemmae in structure but develop oospores wi
![. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPIIYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms wliat is called the "black rust,"which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, Avhich last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called Icleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the urcdospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to bo identical with tlie uredo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG3D0X/plant-studies-an-elementary-botany-botany-thallopiiytes-fungi-281-wall-and-forms-wliat-is-called-the-quotblack-rustquotwhich-ap-pears-late-in-the-summer-on-wheat-stubble-these-spores-are-the-resting-spores-avhich-last-through-the-winter-and-germinate-in-the-following-spring-they-are-called-icleuto-spores-meaning-the-quot-last-spores-quot-of-the-growing-season-they-are-also-called-quot-winter-sporesquot-to-distinguish-them-from-the-urcdospores-or-quot-summer-sporesquot-at-first-this-teleutospore-bearing-mycelium-was-not-recognized-to-bo-identical-with-tlie-uredo-PG3D0X.jpg ". Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPIIYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms wliat is called the "black rust,"which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, Avhich last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called Icleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the urcdospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to bo identical with tlie uredo Stock Photo")
RMPG3D0X–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPIIYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms wliat is called the "black rust,"which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, Avhich last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called Icleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the urcdospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to bo identical with tlie uredo
RMRDJF7M–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 241 generally followed later in the season by the development of peri- thecia, which latter may be differentiated in newly developed stroma, or in the stroma which has borne the Tubercularia stage. A longitudinal section of the perithecia in a related fungus is shown in Fig. 103. The wall of the perithecium consists of an interwoven layer of threads having almost a pseudoparenchymatous appearance. The asci develop from the base and sides, converging toward the apex, eac
RMPG3RJ3–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 526 THE PATHOGENIC SLIME-FUNGI. young roots of newly germinated cabbage, turnips, etc. They do this by penetrating the cell-wall, probably that of a hair to begin with, and the malformation ensues. The myxamoebae possess a fis^eUum and pseudopodia, so that they are fitted for. Fig. 316.—Plasmodiophora bi-assicac. Effects on Turnip grown in Russia. (After Worouin.) different modes of locomotion. When entrance into a
RMRE1RKA–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Puffballs of the fleshy interior becomes filled with dust-like spores, when the rind of the ball breaks to let the spores escape. Sometimes the wall breaks off In scales ; sometimes it is punctured at the summit with one hole, sometimes with several, and sometimes it splits and turns back to form a star on the ground. Sometimes the balls contain elastic threads (capillitium), which help to push out t
RMPG41FA–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. THE FUNGI 267 Examine first with m.p., and then with h.p. Note: (a) The forms of the cluster-cups at various stages of growth. Compare with the cup on an anemone leaf, shown in Fig. 181. (6) The structure of the cup, surrounded by a layer of mycelium, next to which comes theperidium, or wall of the cup. The latter is filled with chains of spores (cecidiospores). Draw the cup with its contents. (c) The size and shape of the mature f spores which separate from the ends of the chains. (d) The cavities, smaller than the cluster cups and on the opposite surfa
RMRDCT05–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 212 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNOT. Pyrenomycetes protuberant below and with a short neck; they are sunk in the thallus but have the free extremity of the neck on a level with the outer surface. The neck is traversed throughout its length by a canal open at both ends, the canal of egress. The wall of the iimer ventral portion, which is formed of a close weft of hyphae, bears a hymenium on its inner surface composed of delicate hyphal branches of uniform h
RMPG4H3D–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 76 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Pythium Pringsheim '^ (p. 75) The mycelium is found in abundance in and about the infected tissue as fine, branched continuous threads. These, in the terrestial. Fig. 45.—Cucumber seedlings. Pots 5, 6, and 8 inoculated with Pythium. Pot 7, Control. After Atkinson. species, bear conidia on branches which are of the same character as the myceHum itself. The conidia germinate either by a rupture of the wall or by the formation of a beak-like process through which the protoplasm is extruded, after
RMRDCXRH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 526 THE PATHOGENIC SLIME-FUNGI. young roots of newly germinated cabbage, turnips, etc. They do this by penetrating the cell-wall, probably that of a hair to begin with, and the malformation ensues. The myxamoebae possess a fis^eUum and pseudopodia, so that they are fitted for. Fig. 316.—Plasmodiophora bi-assicac. Effects on Turnip grown in Russia. (After Worouin.) different modes of locomotion. When entrance into a
RMPG3NNA–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 408 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS is one of the most common, yet it may not be considered of any special economic importance. The aecidiospores are almost twice as long as broad, 40 X 17-26 p. The uredospores are subspherical, and the teleutospores are conspicuous by their long, hyaline, and relatively thick pedicels, papillate apex, red-brown color, and verru- cose outer wall.. Fig. 200. jEcidial Stage of the Grain Rust on Barberry XIII. BLACK RUST OF GRAIN Puccinia graminis Pers. Bo
![. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 18 The Florists^ Review MabCh 13, 1919. as has been found to be true of many fungi, this fungus is carried through the winter on fallen leaves in which the ascosporic stage develops the following spring. Although when mature the asci dis- charge the spores through an apical pore formed by the rupture of the wall, the spores are apparently not discharged with violence. Wolf states that they merely pile up in a whitish heap in the opened perithecium. How they reach the unfolding leaves of the plant has never been definitely determined, but it is prob Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RRKJ7J/florists-review-microform-floriculture-18-the-florists-review-mabch-13-1919-as-has-been-found-to-be-true-of-many-fungi-this-fungus-is-carried-through-the-winter-on-fallen-leaves-in-which-the-ascosporic-stage-develops-the-following-spring-although-when-mature-the-asci-dis-charge-the-spores-through-an-apical-pore-formed-by-the-rupture-of-the-wall-the-spores-are-apparently-not-discharged-with-violence-wolf-states-that-they-merely-pile-up-in-a-whitish-heap-in-the-opened-perithecium-how-they-reach-the-unfolding-leaves-of-the-plant-has-never-been-definitely-determined-but-it-is-prob-RRKJ7J.jpg ". Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 18 The Florists^ Review MabCh 13, 1919. as has been found to be true of many fungi, this fungus is carried through the winter on fallen leaves in which the ascosporic stage develops the following spring. Although when mature the asci dis- charge the spores through an apical pore formed by the rupture of the wall, the spores are apparently not discharged with violence. Wolf states that they merely pile up in a whitish heap in the opened perithecium. How they reach the unfolding leaves of the plant has never been definitely determined, but it is prob Stock Photo")
RMRRKJ7J–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 18 The Florists^ Review MabCh 13, 1919. as has been found to be true of many fungi, this fungus is carried through the winter on fallen leaves in which the ascosporic stage develops the following spring. Although when mature the asci dis- charge the spores through an apical pore formed by the rupture of the wall, the spores are apparently not discharged with violence. Wolf states that they merely pile up in a whitish heap in the opened perithecium. How they reach the unfolding leaves of the plant has never been definitely determined, but it is prob
RMPG457E–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I02 MYCOLOGY cate sporangial wall, which soon disappears leaving the spores on a hemispheric columella. These spores are ii to 70M broad. The 300/j broad zygospores are produced from similar branches of a dichotomously branched zygosphore. The mycelium of the species of Thamnidium enters the nutritive substratum. The large sporangia are terminal while the smaller secondary sporangia are borne on lateral branches in whorls below the terminal sporangium. This is typically seen in Th.. Fig
RMRE373C–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. ON GRAMINE^ 281 On leaves (living or fading) of Brachypodium pinnatum, B. silvaticum. Not uncommon. July—November, teleuto- spores not before September. (Fig. 212.) Both Plowright and Fischer mention that, mixed with the uredospores, are numerous hyaline capitate paraphyses ; Sydows' Monographia omits all mention of these. The specimens which I have seen show them always in great numbers. Often the pedicel of the teleutospores is almost non-existent, and the basal cell-wall is strongly thickened. The upper marg
RMPG1F87–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 190. Pkysaritm Uiicophaatm,Vi. a spor- angium seen from without, b sporangium divided in ludf and the frame-worlc of the capillitium exposed by removal of the spores. Magn. 25 times. Pig. 191. Physarum Uutophaeum, Fr. Piece of the wall of a sporangium with tubes of the capillitium attached and spread out in water; a points of attachment of the tubes of the capillitium; ^ calcium carbonate-vesicles; to the right on the margin a calcium carbonate- vesicle on the wa
RMRDWPJK–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. SLIME FUNGI (MYXOMYCETES) 251 substratum. Small, often rounded sporangia, containing numerous spores, are formed, especially in the autumn, and are sometimes very conspicuous owing to their brilliant colouration {e.g. the yellow-coloured Flowers of Tan, common on tanner's. Fig. 134.—Various Basidiomycetes. A, Cantharellus. B, Clavaria cinerea. C, Lycoperdon. D, Scleroderma vulgare (on the left entire fructifica- tion, on the right the latter in vertical section, showing the wall and the dark mass of contained
RMPG3YWH–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES iSl development of short, modified hyphal cells (Fig. 66, d). These are properly the ascogenous cells, which by an abundant budding process form frequently an almost continuous layer beneath the cuticle. The asci develop from these ascogenous cells, as upward prolongations, pushing through the cuticle, while the original ascogenous cell is finally cut off by a cross wall as a stalk or foot. Fig. 66. Exoascus on Peach: Asci, Germinating Spores, and Hyph^e (6, c, and d af
RMRDG51N–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. THE FUNGI 267 Examine first with m.p., and then with h.p. Note: (a) The forms of the cluster-cups at various stages of growth. Compare with the cup on an anemone leaf, shown in Fig. 181. (6) The structure of the cup, surrounded by a layer of mycelium, next to which comes theperidium, or wall of the cup. The latter is filled with chains of spores (cecidiospores). Draw the cup with its contents. (c) The size and shape of the mature f spores which separate from the ends of the chains. (d) The cavities, smaller than the cluster cups and on the opposite surfa
RMPG2C0A–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—GASTROMFCETES. 3^3 two outer layers and of the inner wall of the peridium, so far as it surrounds the gleba, advances farij)assu with the enlargement of the stipe. On the other hand, the tissue in the cone and in the portion of the central column beneath the gleba diminishes in proportion as the stipe enlarges, till at length in Ph. caninus (Fig. 153 j) it is only a thin white membrane ; in Ph. impudicus it remains of larger size underne
RMRDEAD3–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMYCETES. 247 described above on page 229, in the case of Pleospora; an intercalary portion of a mycelial filament grows by successive divisions which arise without fixed order in every direction, and the cells thus formed are subsequently differentiated, while branches from adjoining hyphae usually grow up round the new body and thus help to form its wall (see Fig. ri8). This is the mode of formation according to Gibelli and GrifiBni
RMPG4027–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 144 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS has been carefully studied, and the evidence must be accepted. Subsequently, a thick wall forms about the oosphere, which now properly becomes the mature egg, or oospore, measuring ordinarily 25-35^ in diameter. The development of an oospore may be com- pleted, under favor- able conditions, in a single day. Since this fungus may readily con- tinue its growth into dead tissues it may be cultivated indefinitely in Van Tieghem cells or in specially devis
RMRDETD5–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Puffballs of the fleshy interior becomes filled with dust-like spores, when the rind of the ball breaks to let the spores escape. Sometimes the wall breaks off in scales; sometimes it is punctured at the summit with one hole, sometimes with several, and sometimes it splits and turns back to form a star on the ground. Sometimes the balls contain elastic threads (capillitium), which help to push out the spores, and sometim
RMPG4DTH–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. 132 HEART-ROT CAUSED BY OTHER FUNGI m.r of a state of tension can be observed in the cell walls them- selves. The general form of the tracheides is unaffected, but cracks appear in the walls, always rising from right to left, as shown in fig. 54, and usually in tiers, one above another. These cracks appear first in the summer wood, and in all stages are more conspicuous in the summer wood than the spring wood. They do not rupture the complete wall, but the thickening on each side of the middle lamella cracks independently, and whereas on one
RMRE3CP3–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 354 FUNGI layer of protoplasm coating the wall. At this stage the full growth of the ascus is commonly reached, and the formation of ascospores begins with the division of the nucleus into two ; then by the same process four appear, then eight, which in the majority of cases represents the number of ascospores. In many Ascomycetes, however, other numbers typically prevail, e.g. one, or two, or four, or sixteen, forty, fifty, and so on to over a hundred. Dothidea (Fr.), for example, has two to four, Sor- daria (Ces. and De Not.) four, sixteen, six
RMPG4GGB–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 176 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE The species is cosmopolitan and among its numerous hosts are the economic genera Dipsacus, Fragaria, Humulus, Phlox, Pyrus, Rosa, Ribes, Rubus, Scabiosa, Spirea and Viola. It is a common rose mildew of America and England and is also especially destructive on the strawberry. S. humili var. fuliginea. (Schl.) Sal. Perithecia usually smaller than in the last, sometimes only 50 n in diameter, wall usually harder and more brittle, cells larger, ir- regularly shaped, averaging 25 fi; appendages us
RMRDYH36–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. EBPEODUCTION 419 only the Alga but the Fungi afford examples of the development of such cells, conspicuous among them being Saprolegnia and its allies (fig. 165). These free-swimming protoplasts are known as zoospores or zoogonidia. Each on coming to rest clothes itself with a cell-wall, and can develop into a plant exactly like the one from which it arose. These zoogonidia are developed by the protoplasm of a single cell dividing up into a variable but often large number of separate protoplasts, the process being known as. Fig. 166.
RMPG4H45–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 70 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE spore. (Fig. 42.) After a more or less protracted period of rest this produces zoospores. The family includes some fifty species, all of which, except two small genera, are parasitic upon land plants. Key to Genera of Synchytriacese Zoosporangia formed by direct division of the entire plasma of the young fruiting body. Swarm sporangia completely filling the host cell, membrane united to the wall of the host cell I. Rozella. Swarm sporangia lying free in the host cell Parasitic on alg£e 2. Woro
RMRDXTK1–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Puffballs of the fleshy interior becomes filled with dust-like spores, when the rind of the ball breaks to let the spores escape. Sometimes the wall breaks off in scales ; sometimes it is punctured at the summit with one hole, sometimes with several, and sometimes it splits and turns back to form a star on the ground. Sometimes the balls contain elastic threads (capillitium), which help to push out t
RMPG3YHF–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 257 mass of mycelium which arises beneath the epidermis. It is broadly elliptical, with a rather thick wall and no indication of a beak (Fig. 112, a). The conidiophores are short and simple, bear- ing spores — ovate or elliptical — measuring ordinarily 8-10 x 7- Sfi. In moist weather the spores are pushed out in vermiform. Fig. iii. Phyllosticta Stage of the Black Rot Fungus (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) masses and upon dissemination they are capable of immediate germin
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Ill] PLECTASCALES 69 liberated by its decay. The asci are spherical or pyriform and contain two to eight continuous spores, the walls of which may be variously ornamented. In both Penicilliuni and Eurotium the perithecium may develop an excep- tionally thick wall, and pass into a resting stage sometimes several weeks in duration. Such a structure is described as a sclerotium. In Eurotium Jurbarioriun^ the development of perithecia is readily induced by cultivation on prune agar'-' made up with forty per cent, of cane- sugar. Ripe perithec Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX1J2/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-ill-plectascales-69-liberated-by-its-decay-the-asci-are-spherical-or-pyriform-and-contain-two-to-eight-continuous-spores-the-walls-of-which-may-be-variously-ornamented-in-both-penicilliuni-and-eurotium-the-perithecium-may-develop-an-excep-tionally-thick-wall-and-pass-into-a-resting-stage-sometimes-several-weeks-in-duration-such-a-structure-is-described-as-a-sclerotium-in-eurotium-jurbarioriun-the-development-of-perithecia-is-readily-induced-by-cultivation-on-prune-agar-made-up-with-forty-per-cent-of-cane-sugar-ripe-perithec-RDX1J2.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Ill] PLECTASCALES 69 liberated by its decay. The asci are spherical or pyriform and contain two to eight continuous spores, the walls of which may be variously ornamented. In both Penicilliuni and Eurotium the perithecium may develop an excep- tionally thick wall, and pass into a resting stage sometimes several weeks in duration. Such a structure is described as a sclerotium. In Eurotium Jurbarioriun^ the development of perithecia is readily induced by cultivation on prune agar'-' made up with forty per cent, of cane- sugar. Ripe perithec Stock Photo")
RMRDX1J2–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Ill] PLECTASCALES 69 liberated by its decay. The asci are spherical or pyriform and contain two to eight continuous spores, the walls of which may be variously ornamented. In both Penicilliuni and Eurotium the perithecium may develop an excep- tionally thick wall, and pass into a resting stage sometimes several weeks in duration. Such a structure is described as a sclerotium. In Eurotium Jurbarioriun^ the development of perithecia is readily induced by cultivation on prune agar'-' made up with forty per cent, of cane- sugar. Ripe perithec
RMPG3NK9–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 210. Phragmidium subcorticium a and d, caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; b: c, and e, spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or less spindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, e), and each cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall of the spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, and there is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure 65-100 x 30-45 x without the pedicel. The pedicel is pers
![. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPIIYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms wliat is called the "black rust,"which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, Avhich last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called Icleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the urcdospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to bo identical with tlie uredo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHG8N/plant-studies-an-elementary-botany-botany-thallopiiytes-fungi-281-wall-and-forms-wliat-is-called-the-quotblack-rustquotwhich-ap-pears-late-in-the-summer-on-wheat-stubble-these-spores-are-the-resting-spores-avhich-last-through-the-winter-and-germinate-in-the-following-spring-they-are-called-icleuto-spores-meaning-the-quot-last-spores-quot-of-the-growing-season-they-are-also-called-quot-winter-sporesquot-to-distinguish-them-from-the-urcdospores-or-quot-summer-sporesquot-at-first-this-teleutospore-bearing-mycelium-was-not-recognized-to-bo-identical-with-tlie-uredo-RDHG8N.jpg ". Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPIIYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms wliat is called the "black rust,"which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, Avhich last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called Icleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the urcdospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to bo identical with tlie uredo Stock Photo")
RMRDHG8N–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THALLOPIIYTES: FUNGI 281 wall, and forms wliat is called the "black rust,"which ap- pears late in the summer on wheat stubble. These spores are the resting spores, Avhich last through the winter and germinate in the following spring. They are called Icleuto- spores, meaning the " last spores " of the growing season. They are also called " winter spores," to distinguish them from the urcdospores or " summer spores." At first this teleutospore-bearing mycelium was not recognized to bo identical with tlie uredo
![. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM a4 The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple: (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. *-* O (3) Each new cell absorbs food and ^.^ divides until long chains of cells are ^-0=:^ formed, looking to the unaided eye like 5; -;:^-j;S:::=^—"-^^ thr Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG451E/the-mushroom-book-a-popular-guide-to-the-identification-and-study-of-our-commoner-fungi-with-special-emphasis-on-the-edible-varieties-mushrooms-cookery-mushrooms-cbk-chapter-iii-from-spore-to-mushroom-a4-the-way-in-which-a-spore-grows-into-a-fungus-plant-is-very-simple-i-the-spore-is-a-single-cell-and-when-it-is-in-a-warm-moist-place-it-swells-2-the-cell-absorbs-food-through-its-cell-wall-and-divides-into-two-cells-o-3-each-new-cell-absorbs-food-and-divides-until-long-chains-of-cells-are-0=-formed-looking-to-the-unaided-eye-like-5-js=quot-thr-PG451E.jpg ". The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM a4 The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple: (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. *-* O (3) Each new cell absorbs food and ^.^ divides until long chains of cells are ^-0=:^ formed, looking to the unaided eye like 5; -;:^-j;S:::=^—"-^^ thr Stock Photo")
RMPG451E–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM a4 The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple: (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. *-* O (3) Each new cell absorbs food and ^.^ divides until long chains of cells are ^-0=:^ formed, looking to the unaided eye like 5; -;:^-j;S:::=^—"-^^ thr
RMRE0P9P–. Elementary botany. Botany. FUNGI: MUCOR. 121 After mounting a small quantity of the mycelium bearing these heads, if we have been careful to take it where the heads appear quite young, it may be possible to study the early stages of their. Fig. 131. Portion of banana with a mould (Rhizopus nigricans) growing on one end. development, ^^'e shall probably note at once that the stalks or upright threads which support the heads are stouter than the threads of the mycelium. These upright threads soon have formed near the end a cross wall which separates the protoplasm in the end from the remain- d
RMPG460R–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 366 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE III. Telia caulicolous, appearing on long fusiform swellings of various sized branches, numerous, scattered, or sometimes aggre- gated, cylindric, or slightly compressed, 5-10 mm. long by 0.8-1.5 mm. in diameter, acutish, or sometimes forked at the apex, brownish-yellow; teliospores 2-celled, lanceolate, 13-20 x 40-80 /x, occasionally longer, rounded or narrowed above, usually narrowed below, very slightly or not at all constricted at the septum, wall golden-yellow, thin, about 1 ju; pores 2
RMRDDWWF–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON THE CELL-WAIi. 39 acid the cellulose is dissolved out, and the primary wall remains almost intact, while the secondary after swelling is converted into sugar and gum. Certain fungi {e.g. Polyporus vaporarius, P. Schweinitzii and P. sulphureus), act in the same manner, first dissolving out and consuming the cellulose before attacking the wood-gum. When wood is destroyed by fungi of this.
RMPG4G4A–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 166.—C. pilifera perl- Fig. 167.—C. albieedrse. Sec- theclum, asci and tion of a peritheclum in spores. After von its stroma. After Heald and Schrenk. Wolf. Fig. 168.—C. albicedrse. Upper part of an ascus showing thickened apical wall and coiled spores. After Heald and Wolf. slender, lipear, surrounded by a gelatinous matrix, apically thick- ened; spores filiform, multiseptate, hyaline. , A single species. C. albicedrse Heald & Wolf. Stroma on bark or wood of the host, varying from gray on the bark to black on wood, lentic
RMRDWFGW–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. THE FUNGI 257 Examine first with m.p., and then with h.p. Note : (a) The forms of the cluster-cups at various stages of growth. Compare with the cup on an anemone leaf, shown in Fig. 181. (b) The structure of the cup, surrounded by a layer of mycelium, next to which comes theperidium, or wall of the cup. The latter is filled with chains of spores (cecidiospores). Draw the cup with its contents. (c) The size and shape of the mature ^ spores which separate from the ends of the chains. (rf) The cavities, smaller than the cluster cups and on the opposite sur
RMPG4629–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 351 I (=Peridermium strobi). ^cia caulicolous, causing fusiform swellings of the stem, rounded to elongate; peridium inflated, rup- turing at sides, thick, membranous. Spores ellipsoid to ovoid, 18-20 X 22-23 fi, wall colorless, coarsely verrucose except on elongate smooth spot, 2-2.5 n thick, on smooth spot 3-3.5 n thick. II. Uredinia hypophyllous, thickly scattered in groups, round, pustular, 0.1-0.3 mm., at first bright yellow; peridia delicate.. Fio. 255.—Cronartium. A, urediaium; B, telium.
RMRDJFG6–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES iSl development of short, modified hyphal cells (Fig. 66, d). These are properly the ascogenous cells, which by an abundant budding process form frequently an almost continuous layer beneath the cuticle. The asci develop from these ascogenous cells, as upward prolongations, pushing through the cuticle, while the original ascogenous cell is finally cut off by a cross wall as a stalk or foot. Fig. 66. Exoascus on Peach: Asci, Germinating Spores, and Hyph^e (6, c, and d af
RMRDCEJ0–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 190. Pkysaritm Uiicophaatm,Vi. a spor- angium seen from without, b sporangium divided in ludf and the frame-worlc of the capillitium exposed by removal of the spores. Magn. 25 times. Pig. 191. Physarum Uutophaeum, Fr. Piece of the wall of a sporangium with tubes of the capillitium attached and spread out in water; a points of attachment of the tubes of the capillitium; ^ calcium carbonate-vesicles; to the right on the margin a calcium carbonate- vesicle on the wa
RMRE0PCA–. Agricultural botany, theoretical and practical. Botany, Economic; Botany. 712 FUNGI The protoplasm of the parasite, after reaching a certain stage of growth, secretes a thick covering for itself and divides into a large number of zoospores, which may escape during the summer and carry on infection in other parts of the potato on which they are grown. Similar sporocysts when produced late in the season remain dormant during the winter. In the early part of the growing season the protoplasm of the parasite often divides into two to five portions, round each of which a thin wall is secreted (Fi
RMRDJFT8–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 144 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS has been carefully studied, and the evidence must be accepted. Subsequently, a thick wall forms about the oosphere, which now properly becomes the mature egg, or oospore, measuring ordinarily 25-35^ in diameter. The development of an oospore may be com- pleted, under favor- able conditions, in a single day. Since this fungus may readily con- tinue its growth into dead tissues it may be cultivated indefinitely in Van Tieghem cells or in specially devis
RMRDX1W1–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 38 ASCOMYCETES [CH. fresh asci reach maturity is necessary before the phenomenon can be repeated. The Ascocarp. In a few genera, asci are developed singly on the mycelium, but in the great majority of cases they arise in closely associated groups, and are surrounded by a protective wall or peri- dium of sterile filaments so that a definite fructifica- tion, the ascocarp or asco- phore, is formed. This structure is usually more or less spherical and com- pletely closed in the young stages; it may retain this form at maturity, opening only
RMRDE71Y–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 76 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Pythium Pringsheim '^ (p. 75) The mycelium is found in abundance in and about the infected tissue as fine, branched continuous threads. These, in the terrestial. Fig. 45.—Cucumber seedlings. Pots 5, 6, and 8 inoculated with Pythium. Pot 7, Control. After Atkinson. species, bear conidia on branches which are of the same character as the myceHum itself. The conidia germinate either by a rupture of the wall or by the formation of a beak-like process through which the protoplasm is extruded, after
RMRDJ5X4–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 408 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS is one of the most common, yet it may not be considered of any special economic importance. The aecidiospores are almost twice as long as broad, 40 X 17-26 p. The uredospores are subspherical, and the teleutospores are conspicuous by their long, hyaline, and relatively thick pedicels, papillate apex, red-brown color, and verru- cose outer wall.. Fig. 200. jEcidial Stage of the Grain Rust on Barberry XIII. BLACK RUST OF GRAIN Puccinia graminis Pers. Bo
RMRDXT07–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI—ASPERGILLUS 259. Fig. 87a. Mycotic stomatitis caused from eating mouldy hay and parasitic fungi on forage plants. (U. S. Dept. Agrl.) unite with the spiral known as the ascogonium. After fertilization a perithecium is produced, which contains the asci, each ascus being surrounded by a delicate wall and containing eight biconvex ascospores. Asperigillus forms diastase and is capable of changing starch into dextrin a
RMRDCF6D–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—GASTROMFCETES. 3^3 two outer layers and of the inner wall of the peridium, so far as it surrounds the gleba, advances farij)assu with the enlargement of the stipe. On the other hand, the tissue in the cone and in the portion of the central column beneath the gleba diminishes in proportion as the stipe enlarges, till at length in Ph. caninus (Fig. 153 j) it is only a thin white membrane ; in Ph. impudicus it remains of larger size underne
RMRE0N8K–. A manual of botany. Botany. THALLOPHYTA 33 single cells of the surface. In the Fungi the differentiation into antherozoids, with one doubtful exception, does not take place, and the male organ is only a swoUen cell or branch of a hypha, containing usually undifferentiated protoplasm. In most oases the antherozoids are ciliated and consequently motile; in certain groups of both Algas and Fungi they are non-motile. In this case they become sooner or later clothed with a cell-wall. The female organ is usually an oogonium (fig. 782) consist- ing of a single cell, often carried on a stalk, and co
RMRDEFXA–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I02 MYCOLOGY cate sporangial wall, which soon disappears leaving the spores on a hemispheric columella. These spores are ii to 70M broad. The 300/j broad zygospores are produced from similar branches of a dichotomously branched zygosphore. The mycelium of the species of Thamnidium enters the nutritive substratum. The large sporangia are terminal while the smaller secondary sporangia are borne on lateral branches in whorls below the terminal sporangium. This is typically seen in Th.. Fig
RMRDE731–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 70 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE spore. (Fig. 42.) After a more or less protracted period of rest this produces zoospores. The family includes some fifty species, all of which, except two small genera, are parasitic upon land plants. Key to Genera of Synchytriacese Zoosporangia formed by direct division of the entire plasma of the young fruiting body. Swarm sporangia completely filling the host cell, membrane united to the wall of the host cell I. Rozella. Swarm sporangia lying free in the host cell Parasitic on alg£e 2. Woro
RMRDDBX6–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 176 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE The species is cosmopolitan and among its numerous hosts are the economic genera Dipsacus, Fragaria, Humulus, Phlox, Pyrus, Rosa, Ribes, Rubus, Scabiosa, Spirea and Viola. It is a common rose mildew of America and England and is also especially destructive on the strawberry. S. humili var. fuliginea. (Schl.) Sal. Perithecia usually smaller than in the last, sometimes only 50 n in diameter, wall usually harder and more brittle, cells larger, ir- regularly shaped, averaging 25 fi; appendages us
RMRPY19Y–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. o r.r. Figure;25.—Lageniforma bambusae on Bambusa: a, diagrammatic s'ection of bamboo showing formation of perithecia deep within the host tissue, with a long rostrum reaching to the surface, an indistinct clypeate covering, and dark lines bounding the affected region; b, section of two perithecia having a common rostrum, showing the thick perithecial wall and the large hyme- nial region; c, asci. On dead canes of bamboo the fungus described above gives the surface a blackened and roughened appearance due to the protruding beaks. In cross section the large perithecial
RMRE0C2F–. Senescence and rejuvenescence. Age; Reproduction. Figs. 128-131.—Gametes of fungi: Fig. 128, oogonium of SaproUgnia, contain- ing several eggs and antheridial tube piercing its wall in fertilization (from Coulter, etc., '10); Figs. 129-131, three stages in formation and union of gametes in Mucor (from Brefeld, '72). the spermatogenous cells undergo numerous divisions and finally give rise to spermatozoids. The female gamete, on the other hand, is not separated from other non-gametic cells until the last division preceding fertihzation. Figs. 133-39 show the development of the archegonium of
RMRE384X–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. ON LEGUMINOS^E 101 belong to U. Pid has been proved by Jordi to be confined to that species and not to bo transmissible to Pisum sativum or Lathyrus. It has been named by Magnus XJ. Fimheri-Eduardi, but is not known as British. Distribution : Europe generally; North America less commonly. 15. Uromyces Phaseolorum De Bary. jEcidium Phaseolorum Wall. Fl. Crypt. Germ. ii. 256. Credo appendiculata var. Phaseoli Pers. Syn. p. 222. Uro7nyees Phaseolorum De Bary, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, xx. 80 (1863). Cooke, Grevillea,
RMRE0RF5–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple: (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. ° O (3) Each new cell absorbs food and divides until long chains of cells are formed, looking to the unaided eye like threads. Each thread is a
RMRDJF5R–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 257 mass of mycelium which arises beneath the epidermis. It is broadly elliptical, with a rather thick wall and no indication of a beak (Fig. 112, a). The conidiophores are short and simple, bear- ing spores — ovate or elliptical — measuring ordinarily 8-10 x 7- Sfi. In moist weather the spores are pushed out in vermiform. Fig. iii. Phyllosticta Stage of the Black Rot Fungus (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) masses and upon dissemination they are capable of immediate germin
RMRE0RHM–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple: (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. ° O (3) Each new cell absorbs food and divides until long chains of cells are formed, looking to the unaided eye like threads. Each thread is a
RMRDE16H–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. 132 HEART-ROT CAUSED BY OTHER FUNGI m.r of a state of tension can be observed in the cell walls them- selves. The general form of the tracheides is unaffected, but cracks appear in the walls, always rising from right to left, as shown in fig. 54, and usually in tiers, one above another. These cracks appear first in the summer wood, and in all stages are more conspicuous in the summer wood than the spring wood. They do not rupture the complete wall, but the thickening on each side of the middle lamella cracks independently, and whereas on one
RMRDYHGM–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM o o O The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple : (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. (3) Each new cell absorbs food and - divides until long chains of cells are -—==^ formed, looking to the unaided eye like t^r^a^--&quo
RMRDJ5PD–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 210. Phragmidium subcorticium a and d, caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; b: c, and e, spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or less spindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, e), and each cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall of the spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, and there is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure 65-100 x 30-45 x without the pedicel. The pedicel is pers
RMRDE61M–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 366 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE III. Telia caulicolous, appearing on long fusiform swellings of various sized branches, numerous, scattered, or sometimes aggre- gated, cylindric, or slightly compressed, 5-10 mm. long by 0.8-1.5 mm. in diameter, acutish, or sometimes forked at the apex, brownish-yellow; teliospores 2-celled, lanceolate, 13-20 x 40-80 /x, occasionally longer, rounded or narrowed above, usually narrowed below, very slightly or not at all constricted at the septum, wall golden-yellow, thin, about 1 ju; pores 2
![. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM a4 The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple: (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. *-* O (3) Each new cell absorbs food and ^.^ divides until long chains of cells are ^-0=:^ formed, looking to the unaided eye like 5; -;:^-j;S:::=^—"-^^ thr Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDE2DG/the-mushroom-book-a-popular-guide-to-the-identification-and-study-of-our-commoner-fungi-with-special-emphasis-on-the-edible-varieties-mushrooms-cookery-mushrooms-cbk-chapter-iii-from-spore-to-mushroom-a4-the-way-in-which-a-spore-grows-into-a-fungus-plant-is-very-simple-i-the-spore-is-a-single-cell-and-when-it-is-in-a-warm-moist-place-it-swells-2-the-cell-absorbs-food-through-its-cell-wall-and-divides-into-two-cells-o-3-each-new-cell-absorbs-food-and-divides-until-long-chains-of-cells-are-0=-formed-looking-to-the-unaided-eye-like-5-js=quot-thr-RDE2DG.jpg ". The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM a4 The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple: (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. *-* O (3) Each new cell absorbs food and ^.^ divides until long chains of cells are ^-0=:^ formed, looking to the unaided eye like 5; -;:^-j;S:::=^—"-^^ thr Stock Photo")
RMRDE2DG–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER III: FROM SPORE TO MUSHROOM a4 The way in which a spore grows into a fungus plant is very simple: (i) The spore is a single cell, and when it is in a warm, moist place it swells. (2) The cell absorbs food through its cell wall and divides into two cells. *-* O (3) Each new cell absorbs food and ^.^ divides until long chains of cells are ^-0=:^ formed, looking to the unaided eye like 5; -;:^-j;S:::=^—"-^^ thr
RMRDDBB4–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 166.—C. pilifera perl- Fig. 167.—C. albieedrse. Sec- theclum, asci and tion of a peritheclum in spores. After von its stroma. After Heald and Schrenk. Wolf. Fig. 168.—C. albicedrse. Upper part of an ascus showing thickened apical wall and coiled spores. After Heald and Wolf. slender, lipear, surrounded by a gelatinous matrix, apically thick- ened; spores filiform, multiseptate, hyaline. , A single species. C. albicedrse Heald & Wolf. Stroma on bark or wood of the host, varying from gray on the bark to black on wood, lentic
RMRE2G40–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. ON POPLAR 351 oval to ovate-oblong,^ 15—22x11—16/x; epispore uniformly about 2/i thick, vsrith two germ-pores(?), echinulate all over; paraphyses distributed throughout the sorus,,clavate, not capi- tate, 40—50 X 12—17 /i, with a uniformly thick wall (3—7 /x).. Fig. 262. M. pinitorqua (from a, German specimen, ex herb. Sydow). a, a young shoot of Pine, in June, with newly-formed leaves, showing three Ofeomata ia), shaded; the leaves have been removed from the affected portion, which is beginning to be curved; b
RMRPY2C1–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 36 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin. Figure:8.—Meliola: a, Mcliola sideroxyli (No. 1160) on Sideroxylon sandwicensis, showing mycelium and setae; b, M. lyoni (No. 901) on Dodonaea viscosa —crowded mycelium with capitate hyphopodia and also a spore; c, M. hawaiiensis No. 667 on Eugenia sandwicensis—mycelium and a setum, also section of a perithecium, showing its' thin wall; d, M. morbosa (No. 452) on Claoxylon sandwicense—mycelium, capitate hyphopodia, and a setum; e, M. visci (No. 1149) on Viscum articulatum—mycelium and a setum; f, M. gregoriana (No. 2306) on Danella
RMRDEY05–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 351 I (=Peridermium strobi). ^cia caulicolous, causing fusiform swellings of the stem, rounded to elongate; peridium inflated, rup- turing at sides, thick, membranous. Spores ellipsoid to ovoid, 18-20 X 22-23 fi, wall colorless, coarsely verrucose except on elongate smooth spot, 2-2.5 n thick, on smooth spot 3-3.5 n thick. II. Uredinia hypophyllous, thickly scattered in groups, round, pustular, 0.1-0.3 mm., at first bright yellow; peridia delicate.. Fio. 255.—Cronartium. A, urediaium; B, telium.
RMRPY1A7–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 99 No. 143. Lageniforma bambusae Plunkett n. sp. Perithecia without a stroma, borne singly or in groups of two or three, sunken in the host tissue and connecting to the outside by a long rostrum, globose or usually slightly flattened at the bottom, black, coriaceous, ostiole protruding, 320-420 by 560-670^ perithecial wall 20-25 thick; asci thin-walled, minute, clavate, stalked, 8-spored, 18-20 by 4-5^; spores allantoid, hyaline, i-celled, 4-5 by m. (See figs. 25, 26, a.) Saprophytic on stems of Bambusa. Kauai: Kalalau trail, June 21, no. 489.. o
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