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Hyphae of fungi Black & White Stock Photos
RMRDX0PE–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 169. Gymnosporan^tt-m clavariaefornie Rees; development of spermatia, x 1185; after Blackman. simpler forms, such as Phragmidium, the spermogonium is indefinite in extent, and consists of spermatial hyphae arranged beneath the cuticle, which is perforated in the centre of the mass to form an ostiole. No regular para- physes are produced but a few spermatial hyphae may elongate and project as sterile threads (fig. 168 a). The spermatial hypha is a long, narrow cell with a central elongated nucleus. It is furnished at its free end with
RMPG45AP–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRUE FUNGI 47. Fig. 13.—Details of the mycelium of Armillaria mellea. I, Piece of mycelium a slide; //, piece of old mycelium {Rhizomorpha subterranea); III, rhizomorphpro- ucing fruit bodies; IV, apex of rhizomorph capable of growth; (o) peripheral hyphae; )) pseudo-epidermis; (c) growing point; {d, e, h) pith; (h) hollow center. (/ and V after Brefeld; III, after Harlig in Zopf, Die Pilze, 1890, p. 25.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned p
RMRDD7T8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PUCCINIA. 343 hyphae forming the bottom of the aecidium-cup. These hyphae give rise to numerous short sporophores, from each of which a single long chain of spores is abjointed in basipetal succession, the spores being at first separated by temporary intermediate cells. The sporophores round the margin of each aecidium do not, however, give off spores; they also produce chains of cells basipetally, but these grow la
RMPG0RB7–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 496 THE FUNGT WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Asteroma De Candolle (p. 482) Pycnidia very small, globose, erumpent, often on a mass of hyphae; conidia ovate or short cylindric. In part =Gnomonia. See p' 274. About forty species chiefly parasitic. A. padi (D. C.) Grev. on Prunus=Gnomonia padicola. See p. 275. A. geographicum (D. C.) Desm. occurs on various species of Pomaceae; A. punctiforme Berk, on the rose; A. stuhlmanni Hen. on bananas and pineapples in Africa. A. codisei All. is said to be a serious parasite of Codiseum.^^ Vermicular
RMRDEAD3–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMYCETES. 247 described above on page 229, in the case of Pleospora; an intercalary portion of a mycelial filament grows by successive divisions which arise without fixed order in every direction, and the cells thus formed are subsequently differentiated, while branches from adjoining hyphae usually grow up round the new body and thus help to form its wall (see Fig. ri8). This is the mode of formation according to Gibelli and GrifiBni
RMPG3H32–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. NEOTTIELLA. 371 margin composed of hyaline, septate, cylindrical, thin-walled hyphae that are sometimes hranched, 80-100 x 6-7 /x, the hyphae are often arranged in little bundles; excipulum parenchymatous, cells elongated in the direction from base. Neottiella polytricM. Fig. 1, small specimens, natural size;âPig. 2, specimen, x 5; Fig. 3, section of portion of excipulum, x 400;âFig. 4, aacus â with spores and paraphyses, x 400;âFig. 5, spores in various stages of development, x 800. to margin ; cortical cells irregularly polj-
RMRDTP4K–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. PLECTOMYCETES [CH. the usual row of three to five cells is formed. The penultimate cell regularly contains more than one nucleus; the rest, as a rule, are uninucleate. Just after fertilization the sheath begins to grow up (fig. 44 b), springing in this case from the stalk cell of the antheridium, as well as from that of the oogonium, and developing into the three layers described above. The ascogenous hyphae arise as lateral branches from the septate oogonium (fig. 44 <r), all or most being derived from the penultimate cell about which
RMPG44R7–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 105.—Septoria leaf spot disease of celery, or celery blight. (After Coons, G. N., and Levin, Ezra, Spec. Bull. 77, Mich. Agric. Coll. Exper. Stat., March. 1916. 5P0BES . Fig. 106.—Section through leaf spot of celery blight {Septoria) showing hyphae) in leaf tissue and pycnidium with exuding pycnospores. (After Coons, G. H., and Levin, Ezra, Spec. Bull. 77. Mich. Agric. Coll. Exper. Stat., March, 1916.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may h
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDD8B8/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-sclerotinia-257-leaves-of-vaccinium-vitis-idaea-exhibit-in-spring-a-mould-like-coating-consisting-of-chains-of-lemon-shaped-conidia-woronin-thus-describes-it-quot-in-the-outer-layers-of-the-cortex-amongst-the-dying-elements-a-pseudoparenchymatous-cushion-is-formed-from-which-simple-or-dichotomously-branched-hyphae-grow-out-through-the-overlying-cuticle-the-individual-members-of-the-chains-of-conidia-are-s-RDD8B8.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s Stock Photo")
RMRDD8B8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SCLEROTINIA. 257 leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea exhibit in spring a mould- like coating, consisting of chains of lemon-shaped conidia. Woronin thus describes it: " In the outer layers of the cortex, amongst the dying elements, a pseudoparenchymatous cushion is formed, from which simple or dichotomously branched hyphae grow out through the overlying cuticle. The individual members of the chains of conidia are s
RMPG4GDJ–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 188 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE or more or less persistent; perithecia usually scattered, rarely gregarious, 140-270 /t, rarely up to 350 n; cells rather obscure, 15-20 fi; the apical outgrowth becomes mucilaginous attaching the perithecium firmly to places where it may fall; appendages. Fig. 137.—Phyllactinia corylea. 1. Natural size, on chestnut leaf. 2. Perithecium enlarged. 3. Two asci. 4. Three spores. 5. Conidia-bearing hyphae. 6. Co- nidium germinating. After Anderson. 5-18, equatorial, 1 to 3-times the diameter of t
RMRDTP0K–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. io6 DISCOMYCETES [CH. In any case the greater part of the male cytoplasm does not enter the oogonium but is left behind in the antheridium and trichogyne; con- sequently these organs, after their function is complete, remain, to the superficial view, unchanged for a long period, till they are crushed at last by the growth of the investing hyphae, or perhaps destroyed by bacteria (Harper, p. 354). Before the stages described above, the oogonium has begun to bud out (fig. 62.0) at various points, giving rise to the ascogenous hyphae. Into t
RMPG4DDD–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. APPENDIX Vn 717 i. Surface hyphx woven floccose, course of hj^hae not traceable. 1. Gray-green, long conidiopbores, no odor. P. Camemberti (Fig. 245). 2. Gray-green, shorter conidiopbores, strong odor. P. biforme (Fig. 257).. Fig. 258.—Penicillium commune, u, b, c, d, e, Conidial fructification with conidio- spores; /, g, ft, j, k, I, sketches of fructifications in various stages. {After Thorn.) a. Surface growth at margin simple conidiophores, in older parts both floccose hyphae and co
RMRDCEMW–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 413 DIVISION III.—MODE OF LIFE OF THE FUNGI. Ephebella Hegetschweileri' in the fresh condition has quite the look of a Scytonema (Fig 167, B, g); but if the plant is heated in solution of potash the gelatinous sheath of the Scytonema-filaments is seen to be traversed by a compact weft of very delicate hyphae running chiefly in a longitudinal direction, out of which apothecia are sometimes, but rarely, developed. The thallus of Ephebe (Fig. 177, 178), Spilonema, Gonion
RMPG455W–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 128 MYCOLOGY. Fig. 41.—9, Vegetative hyphae giving rise to storage cell; 10, paraphyses grow- ing out from storage cells; 11—14, fusion of nuclei in storage cell; 15. 16, nucleus with two nucleoli in storage cell; 17, large storage cell with single very large nucleus; 18, storage cell with very irregularly shaped nucleus; 19, storage cell containing one large and two small nuclei; 20, an irregularly shaped storage cell; 21, 22, tip of as- cogenous hypha with two nuclei; 23, two nuclei i
RMRDE18W–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. 128 HEART-ROT CAUSED BY OTHER FUNGI already eaten and destroyed by insect larvae. It is never perennial. The inner part of the fructification is mainly composed of masses of parallel, very tender, richly septate, red brown hypbae, fiUed with protoplasm. On the upper side many of the masses run up into the scales that project from the upper surface ; those on the lower side run down into the trama between the pores, and ac- cording to Hartig it is the escape of the contents from these hyphae that gives the red colour on bruis- ing. The pores
RMPG45H8–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 606 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE C. peonis Pass. Spots large, chestnut brown, hyphae short, simple; spores various, long, 1 to 2-septate. On peony. C. epiphylliun Mart, is on oak, sycamore, poplar, etc.; C. juglandis Cke. on walnut; C. scribnerianum Cav. on beech; C. hypophyllum Fcl. on elm; C. tuberum Cke. on sweet potato tubers; C. scabies Cke. on tomato and cucumber; C. ozycocci Sh. on cranberry. C. zese Pk. Sterile hyphse hyaline, sub-cutaneous, erumpent; spores elliptic- oblong, 4 X 20 /J, continuous or 1 to 3-septate.
RMRDE174–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. HEART-ROT CAUSED BY OTHER FUNGI 131 of all degrees of thickness from 6/i downward, but some of the largest, in the earlier stages of rot, have brown contents. These thicker, brown hyphae generally rmi either vertically along the tracheides, or horizontally, boring through the tracheide walls and markedly constricted in the bore-holes. The finer hyphae, which are much more numerous, branch frequently and spread in all directions, though the bore- holes are nearly always transverse to the tracheide walls. Hyphae may also grow up between the tr
RMRE3CXP–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 310 FUNGI ment of which is quite unknown. Sclerotes were formerly classed to- gether under the generic name of Sclerotium before it was recognised that such bodies are mere growth forms, or rather resting forms, of myceles of different fungi. Such a strand-mycele as that of Agaricus melleus (L.), formerly considered an independent fungus (Rhizomorpha), noticed above, has been aptly called a sclerote with a growing-point. B. Frank (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch., 1885) has described masses of fungal hyphae having a dense sclerotioid structure inves
RMRDD7WX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 175.—Tuburcinia trientalis. Spore- Fig. 176.—Apex of an isolated promy- mass genninating; several promycelia have celium from Fig. 175; it carries a whorl of been produced and' are proceeding to form branches, some of which have fused in pairs; whorls of branches. (After Woronin.) all are developing conidia. (After Woronin.) spaces of the pith and rind-parenchyma, also the vessels. The hyphae apply themselves c
RMRDTP84–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 72 PLECTOMYCETES [CH. substance, readily soluble in alcohol, in the form of a thick, brittle pellicle. These constitute the protective sheath (fig. 30 c), by the decay of which, after the disappearance of the nutritive hyphae and later of the ascus walls, the spores are finally set free. The ascospores are spherical or lenticular often with a sculptured epispore. In most species of Penicillium reproduction takes place almost entirely by means of the abundant conidia borne in chains on the branched, brush- like conidiophores (fig. 31). Asc
RMRE1R3F–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 235 hyphae, in fact, a miniature lichen (Fig. 143, C). In some species the soredia form a rather powdery or granular coating on the upper surface of the lichen, and in other cases they are developed within the lichen. These bodies are easily scattered by the wind when the lichens are dry and under favorable conditions grow into new lichens. Reproduction is also effected by means of ascospores that are developed as in the cup fungi. The female. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have bee
RMRDDX0G–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 10 THE PARASITIC FUNGI. others, like Podosphaera castagnei, they take the form of broadened closely-clinging hyphae with haustoria. Frank describes a swell- ing of the germ-tube of Fuskladium tremulae just before the infecting hypha pierces the' cell-walls of its host. A similar- phenomenon can be observed in Polystigma rubrum, in Gnomonia erythrostoma, and in the germinating aecidiospores of Melampsora Goeppertiana
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALKS 167 frequent lateral anastomoses occur and crj'stals of calcium oxalate, which have become separated from the substratum, are found among the filaments. Hyphae become massed together to form the stroma which in the cry young stages consists entirely of vegetative filaments densely inter-. Vig. 124. Xyidi/u Hypo.ylon ViX'^w, after Tulahiie. woven and rising vertical!)' from the surface of the substratum. As the - grow the stromata assume their characteristic shape, conidia appear and drojjs of pinkish or }-cllowisli fluid Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX16B/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-v-sphaerialks-167-frequent-lateral-anastomoses-occur-and-crjstals-of-calcium-oxalate-which-have-become-separated-from-the-substratum-are-found-among-the-filaments-hyphae-become-massed-together-to-form-the-stroma-which-in-the-cry-young-stages-consists-entirely-of-vegetative-filaments-densely-inter-vig-124-xyidiu-hypoylon-vixw-after-tulahiie-woven-and-rising-vertical!-from-the-surface-of-the-substratum-as-the-grow-the-stromata-assume-their-characteristic-shape-conidia-appear-and-drojjs-of-pinkish-or-cllowisli-fluid-RDX16B.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALKS 167 frequent lateral anastomoses occur and crj'stals of calcium oxalate, which have become separated from the substratum, are found among the filaments. Hyphae become massed together to form the stroma which in the cry young stages consists entirely of vegetative filaments densely inter-. Vig. 124. Xyidi/u Hypo.ylon ViX'^w, after Tulahiie. woven and rising vertical!)' from the surface of the substratum. As the - grow the stromata assume their characteristic shape, conidia appear and drojjs of pinkish or }-cllowisli fluid Stock Photo")
RMRDX16B–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALKS 167 frequent lateral anastomoses occur and crj'stals of calcium oxalate, which have become separated from the substratum, are found among the filaments. Hyphae become massed together to form the stroma which in the cry young stages consists entirely of vegetative filaments densely inter-. Vig. 124. Xyidi/u Hypo.ylon ViX'^w, after Tulahiie. woven and rising vertical!)' from the surface of the substratum. As the - grow the stromata assume their characteristic shape, conidia appear and drojjs of pinkish or }-cllowisli fluid
RMRDYDMG–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. FUNGI IMPERFECTI—SPOROTRICIIUM 297 Sporotrichum, Link Hyphae, branching irregularly and repeatedly, septate or continuous, usual- ly equally procumbent; conidia, acrogenous at the apices of the main and lateral branches, usually solitary beneath, ovoid or subglobose. This genus differs from Botrytis, especially in all the hyphae being procumbent and the conidia subsolitary; from Trichosporum, in never being dark colored. Very many sp
RMRDC0WE–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. POLYPORUS. 443 at first white but becoming grey, and in exhibiting an internal differentiation which those of P. vaporarius do not.^ The hyphae in the course of their growth do not seek out the pits, but grow straight through the walls and bring about dissolution of the middle lamella for some distance around. At the same time numerous short oblique fissures in the walls are produced vertically one over the other, e
RMRDCY7D–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 286.—Agaricus meUeus. Sporophore developed from a rbizomorpli-strand; the other branch bears arrested sporophores. (After R. Hartig.). Fig. 287. — Agancus meUeus. Section through a lamella, d. The hyphae forming the substance of the lamella are much branched, and send twigs outwards which end in club-shaped basidia, a; on many of these are developed sterigmata with apices swollen into spores, b; c, isolated thr
![. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUNGI 321 homoiomerous. The heteromerous thallus mainly consists of the fungus body of the lichen differentiated into a cortical layer and a medullary layer, the algae occurring either as a definite layer where the cortical and the medullary hyphae join, or they are scattered throughout the medulla, or form a dense mass in it. Such thalli exhibit considerable variety in forms of growth, and are ca].tA foliaceous, fruticose, crustaceans^. Fig. 284.—Roccelld iinctaria DC. A filamentous lichen. Small plant (natural size). &c., in descriptive wo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE3CW3/a-handbook-of-cryptogamic-botany-cryptogams-fungi-321-homoiomerous-the-heteromerous-thallus-mainly-consists-of-the-fungus-body-of-the-lichen-differentiated-into-a-cortical-layer-and-a-medullary-layer-the-algae-occurring-either-as-a-definite-layer-where-the-cortical-and-the-medullary-hyphae-join-or-they-are-scattered-throughout-the-medulla-or-form-a-dense-mass-in-it-such-thalli-exhibit-considerable-variety-in-forms-of-growth-and-are-ca-ta-foliaceous-fruticose-crustaceans-fig-284roccelld-iinctaria-dc-a-filamentous-lichen-small-plant-natural-size-ampc-in-descriptive-wo-RE3CW3.jpg ". A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUNGI 321 homoiomerous. The heteromerous thallus mainly consists of the fungus body of the lichen differentiated into a cortical layer and a medullary layer, the algae occurring either as a definite layer where the cortical and the medullary hyphae join, or they are scattered throughout the medulla, or form a dense mass in it. Such thalli exhibit considerable variety in forms of growth, and are ca].tA foliaceous, fruticose, crustaceans^. Fig. 284.—Roccelld iinctaria DC. A filamentous lichen. Small plant (natural size). &c., in descriptive wo Stock Photo")
RMRE3CW3–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUNGI 321 homoiomerous. The heteromerous thallus mainly consists of the fungus body of the lichen differentiated into a cortical layer and a medullary layer, the algae occurring either as a definite layer where the cortical and the medullary hyphae join, or they are scattered throughout the medulla, or form a dense mass in it. Such thalli exhibit considerable variety in forms of growth, and are ca].tA foliaceous, fruticose, crustaceans^. Fig. 284.—Roccelld iinctaria DC. A filamentous lichen. Small plant (natural size). &c., in descriptive wo
RMRDD1X8–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. FIG. 31. Dadylium macrosporitTn, Vt. Extremiries of spori- ferous hyphae. a in a dry state with a head of spores above, b in water with the primordia of the youngest spores s at the extremities of the branches, the small unevennesses beneath beinif the points of attachment of the older spores which have become detached in the water. Magn. 300 times.. Fig. 32. Botrytis Bassii, Bals. a end of a young sporiferous hypha; short lateral branchlets have successively abjointe
RMRDD7KR–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. ASCOMYCETES 363 Oospores and zygospores tide the plant over unfavorable con- ditions and produce new plants when favorable conditions return. In combatting the disease-producing Phycomycetes, the control of zoospores, conidia, and oospores must be considered.. Fig. 314. — Conjugation in Bread Mold. a, b, c, and d arc successive stages in conjugation. At a the short hyphae have just come together, while at d the zygospore is formed, e, zygospore developing a new hypha bearing a sporangium. X about 130. Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi and Lichens) General Desc
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] HELVELLALES 129 In Sphaerosoma the ascophore is more or less sunk in the substratum, and is attached by rooting hyphae which are sometimes grouped on a short pedicel. It is concave when young, but later forms an irregularly globose mass over the upper surface of which the hymenium is spread (fig. 89). It resembles, in fact, a Peziza which becomes very much reflexed at maturity. In Sph. Janczewskianum (fig. 88), a large Fig. 89. Sphaerosoma fuscescens (Klotz.) oogonial cell has been recognized from Roup.; apothecium, x6; after Roup- wh Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTNME/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-iv-helvellales-129-in-sphaerosoma-the-ascophore-is-more-or-less-sunk-in-the-substratum-and-is-attached-by-rooting-hyphae-which-are-sometimes-grouped-on-a-short-pedicel-it-is-concave-when-young-but-later-forms-an-irregularly-globose-mass-over-the-upper-surface-of-which-the-hymenium-is-spread-fig-89-it-resembles-in-fact-a-peziza-which-becomes-very-much-reflexed-at-maturity-in-sph-janczewskianum-fig-88-a-large-fig-89-sphaerosoma-fuscescens-klotz-oogonial-cell-has-been-recognized-from-roup-apothecium-x6-after-roup-wh-RDTNME.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] HELVELLALES 129 In Sphaerosoma the ascophore is more or less sunk in the substratum, and is attached by rooting hyphae which are sometimes grouped on a short pedicel. It is concave when young, but later forms an irregularly globose mass over the upper surface of which the hymenium is spread (fig. 89). It resembles, in fact, a Peziza which becomes very much reflexed at maturity. In Sph. Janczewskianum (fig. 88), a large Fig. 89. Sphaerosoma fuscescens (Klotz.) oogonial cell has been recognized from Roup.; apothecium, x6; after Roup- wh Stock Photo")
RMRDTNME–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] HELVELLALES 129 In Sphaerosoma the ascophore is more or less sunk in the substratum, and is attached by rooting hyphae which are sometimes grouped on a short pedicel. It is concave when young, but later forms an irregularly globose mass over the upper surface of which the hymenium is spread (fig. 89). It resembles, in fact, a Peziza which becomes very much reflexed at maturity. In Sph. Janczewskianum (fig. 88), a large Fig. 89. Sphaerosoma fuscescens (Klotz.) oogonial cell has been recognized from Roup.; apothecium, x6; after Roup- wh
RMRDE26N–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 232 MYCOLOGY the primary ones. The gills may be free from the stipe, adnexed, or even decurrent. A section of a mature gill shows the following disposition of the hyphal layers. The central part of the gill consists of paraUel, down- ward directed hyphae, that form the trama. Running out obliquely from the trama are shorter ceUs which constitute the subhymenium. The basidia, together with their accompanying paraphyses and cysti- dia, form a paHsade-Uke layer (the hymenium) whose cells s
RMRDWD49–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. ASCOMYCETES 363 Oospores and zygospores tide the plant over unfavorable con- ditions and produce new plants when favorable conditions return. In combatting the disease-producing Phycomycetes, the control of zoospores, conidia, and oospores must be considered.. Fig. 314. — Conjugation in Bread Mold. a, 6, c, and d are successive stages in conjugation. At a the short hyphae have just come together, while at d the zygospore is formed, e, zygospore developing a new hypha bearing a sporangium. X about 130. Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi and Lichens) General
RMRDTNY8–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 70. Humaria rutilans (Fr.) Sacc.; u,. fusion in a vegetative hypha; b. migration of nucleus from one vegetative cell to another; both x iioo. The cells which contain fusion nuclei now give rise to ascogenous hyphae, while, from the rest, the paraphyses and cells of the outer sheath arise. The asci are very large, and their nuclei particularly clear. The number of chromosomes in the nuclei of the ascogenous hyphae, and in the first and second divisions in the ascus and in the prophase of the third is sixteen (figs. 71, 72). In the thi
RMRDCXW9–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 310.—Epidermis of a Pine-seedling with a stoma. Some hyphae of Fui^na have produced partial dissolution of cell- walls. (After B. Hartig.) ,tfI5^. Fig. 311.—Fusoma parasiticum. Coni- dia—immature, mature, and germinat- ing. (After E. Hartig.) Fusoma parasiticum Tub.^ is the cause of a disease of seed- lings, particularly those of Conifers. The first symptoms are dark patches on the seedlings, followed by their
RMRDDWRK–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 98 SYMBIOSIS. suggested that the reduced formation of hairs on their roots was due to the fungus-hyphae behaving physiologically as root-hairs, Johow, in opposition to Frank, states that the non-ehloro- phyUous Wullschlaegelia, a relative of Neotiia, shows no trace of. Fig. 19.—Coralliorhiza innata Br. (v. Tubeuf phot.) Fig. 20.—iVeodin Sidut avis Rich, (v. Tubeuf phot.) fungal hyphae about its roots, and yet derive
RMRDR4D7–. Cyclopedia of farm crops, a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada;. Farm produce; Agriculture. 346 FORESTS FORESTS. Nature of the disease fungi and their action. Fungi are a low class of plants, consisting of fine threads, called hyphae, many hyphae forming the mycelium. The mycelium grows in the dead or living parts, extracting certain food substances therefrom. After varying periods, fruiting bodies are formed, which develop spores. These fruiting bod- ies have various shapes, varying from microscopic structures to the large punks or toadstools so
RMRDTP39–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Pig. Otidea aurantia Mass.; apotheci, nat. size. Fig. S'Z. Lachnea stercorea (Pers.) Gill.; ascocarp in longitudinal section showing young asci and para- physes, x 160. a. sheath; b. paraphyses; c. ascus; <a. ascogenous hyphae; e. oogonium ;f. stalk of archicarp. wall of the cup (fig. 52). The lower part of the cup is filled by the hypo- thecium, a tangle of hyphae, some vegetative, some ascogenous. These give rise to the sub-hymenial layer where the paraphyses have their origin and where the young asci are developed. The asci and para
RMRDTXTB–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 76. Ascobolusfurfuraceus Pers.; a. young archicarp, x 750; b. rather older specimen showing pores between the cells, x 625 ; after Welsford. fourth from the apex (Welsford), enlarges, buds out ascogenous hyphae and functions as the oogonium. Those near the base form a stalk, and those towards the apex may be regarded as constituting a now functionless trichogyne. The cells on each side of the oogonium communicate with it by means of pores (fig. 76 U). Additional nuclei pass into it from both the stalk and terminal cells, and Welsford
RMRDR4D2–. Cyclopedia of farm crops, a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada;. Farm produce; Agriculture. Nature of the disease fungi and their action. Fungi are a low class of plants, consisting of fine threads, called hyphae, many hyphae forming the mycelium. The mycelium grows in the dead or living parts, extracting certain food substances therefrom. After varying periods, fruiting bodies are formed, which develop spores. These fruiting bod- ies have various shapes, varying from microscopic structures to the large punks or toadstools so com- monly found on o
RMRDG55J–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. THE FUNGI 247 (i) The root-like branches, or rMzoids, which proceed from some hyphae into the bread or other substratum. (c) Theipresence or absence of transverse partitions in the hyphse.. Fig. 172. Unicellular Mycelium of a Mold (Mucor Mucedo), sprung from a Single Spore. a, b, and c, branches for the production of spore-eases, showing various stages of maturity. (Considerably magnified.) (rf) The granular protoplasm, more abundant in some parts of the hyphse than in others. Make one or more drawings to show the points above mentioned (a-d). 320. Repro
![. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 514 SPECIAL PLANT PATHOLOGY to the grape" leaves (Fig. 186), where it produces under ordinary conditions spots of mildew, especiaUy on the lower leaf surface. In bad cases, the whole lower leaf surface may be covered with the downy, or cottony mass of hyphae which gives the fungus its common name. The parasitic hyphae live in the intercellular spaces of the host and send into the host cells smaU knob-like haustoria. The presence of the mycelium seriously interferes with the normal Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDE1F2/a-text-book-of-mycology-and-plant-pathology-plant-diseases-fungi-in-agriculture-plant-diseases-fungi-514-special-plant-pathology-to-the-grapequot-leaves-fig-186-where-it-produces-under-ordinary-conditions-spots-of-mildew-especiauy-on-the-lower-leaf-surface-in-bad-cases-the-whole-lower-leaf-surface-may-be-covered-with-the-downy-or-cottony-mass-of-hyphae-which-gives-the-fungus-its-common-name-the-parasitic-hyphae-live-in-the-intercellular-spaces-of-the-host-and-send-into-the-host-cells-smau-knob-like-haustoria-the-presence-of-the-mycelium-seriously-interferes-with-the-normal-RDE1F2.jpg ". A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 514 SPECIAL PLANT PATHOLOGY to the grape" leaves (Fig. 186), where it produces under ordinary conditions spots of mildew, especiaUy on the lower leaf surface. In bad cases, the whole lower leaf surface may be covered with the downy, or cottony mass of hyphae which gives the fungus its common name. The parasitic hyphae live in the intercellular spaces of the host and send into the host cells smaU knob-like haustoria. The presence of the mycelium seriously interferes with the normal Stock Photo")
RMRDE1F2–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 514 SPECIAL PLANT PATHOLOGY to the grape" leaves (Fig. 186), where it produces under ordinary conditions spots of mildew, especiaUy on the lower leaf surface. In bad cases, the whole lower leaf surface may be covered with the downy, or cottony mass of hyphae which gives the fungus its common name. The parasitic hyphae live in the intercellular spaces of the host and send into the host cells smaU knob-like haustoria. The presence of the mycelium seriously interferes with the normal
RMRDE19E–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC PLANT DISEASES SSI the broken stub of the main root system. Nature attempts to repair the damage in the tobacco by the formation of a cluster of. new roots, so that affected plants may not be killed, but remain in the stunted form (Figs. 196 and 197). The intercellular mycelium is septate, hyaline at first and consists of narrow hyphae. The fungus produces three kinds of spores, which. Fig. 196.—Tobacco roots affected by rot (Thielavia basicola). i. Inoculat
RMRDE5TE–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 407 arising immediately from the mycelium, smooth or minutely warty; basidia clavate, with foiu- sterigmata; spores small, globose or ellipsoid, with a smooth colorless membrane. A genus of some two hundred fifty species, mostly wood inhab- iting. One species possesses a mycelium which has long been known in its sterile form as a Rhizoctonia. Corticium vagum solani Burt. ^*'^^' '^* Hymenophore, white when sporing, poorly developed, of loosely interwoven hyphae; basidia short, cylindric or oblong;
RMRDD8AN–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 258 ASCOMYCETES. conidia germinate and give off long septate hyphae which, follow- ing the course of the pollen-tube, reach the ovary, and soon iill all four loculi with a white mycelium. The growth of this mycelium proceeds from the central axis towards the walls, and forms a hollow sphere open above and below. The diseased berries cannot be distinguished till ripe; then, whereas the normal are red, the diseased ar
RMRDTP5D–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 43. Erysiphe Polygoni; rt. fertilization; b. young perithecium with ascogenous liyphae; after Harper. protective hyphae begin to grow up, the oogonium elongates, the fusion nucleus divides till a row of from five to eight nuclei is produced, transverse walls appear, and a row of cells is formed of which the penultimate contains two or more nuclei. From the surface of the penultimate cell, and perhaps sometimes from that of its neighbours, filaments bud out (fig. 43(5), branch rapidly to form a dense mass, and undergo septation. These
RMRE1X9D–. Practical botany. Botany. THE BASIDIUM FUNGI (BASIDIOMYCETES) 249. Fig. 203. Gills of a toadstool On the faces of the gills the spores are formed. Seven and one-half times natural size. AfterBuller end of the stalk {stipe) (Fig. 20:^). As the pileus opens, it is joined to the:fetallv beneath by means of a layer of hyphae (the veiV). This in some species, in breaking away from the pileus, forms a ring or annidus about the stalk. The underside of the pileus is made up of plate-lilie growths (^gills'), which radiate from the point of attachment to the stalk. The flat surfaces of the adja- cent
RMRDX16W–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. P'ig. 121. Leplosphacria Lemaneae (Cohn) Brierley; transverse section through thal- lus of Lenianea, showing perithecium, X 125 ; after Brierley. Fig. 122. Leptosphaeria Le- maneae (Cohn) Brierley; a. b. (.. d. stages of fusion between dilated hyphae; after Brierley. evidence that the nucleus of one of the swollen cells passes across into the other, which may therefore be termed the oogonium, and fuses with its nucleus. The oogonium then divides to form a â number of multinucleate cells from which ascogenous hyphae arise. The nuclei in th
![. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. SAPROPHYTISM AND SYMBIOSIS 755 milk, and the bacteria of hay infusions (figs. 14-17). Among the com- moner saprophytic fungi are the molds {e.g. Penicillium and Mucor, fig. 1078), the yeasts (figs. 168-173), a-^d "^ost fleshy fungi (figs. 197-198). Saprophytic fungi and bacteria occur wherever there is dead organic matter, particularly in humus, the processes of decay being associated with these organisms. The vegetative body of fungi, the mycelium, is composed of delicate threads, the hyphae (fig. 1078), which penetrate the Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHK3P/a-textbook-of-botany-for-colleges-and-universities-botany-saprophytism-and-symbiosis-755-milk-and-the-bacteria-of-hay-infusions-figs-14-17-among-the-com-moner-saprophytic-fungi-are-the-molds-eg-penicillium-and-mucor-fig-1078-the-yeasts-figs-168-173-a-d-quotost-fleshy-fungi-figs-197-198-saprophytic-fungi-and-bacteria-occur-wherever-there-is-dead-organic-matter-particularly-in-humus-the-processes-of-decay-being-associated-with-these-organisms-the-vegetative-body-of-fungi-the-mycelium-is-composed-of-delicate-threads-the-hyphae-fig-1078-which-penetrate-the-RDHK3P.jpg ". A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. SAPROPHYTISM AND SYMBIOSIS 755 milk, and the bacteria of hay infusions (figs. 14-17). Among the com- moner saprophytic fungi are the molds {e.g. Penicillium and Mucor, fig. 1078), the yeasts (figs. 168-173), a-^d "^ost fleshy fungi (figs. 197-198). Saprophytic fungi and bacteria occur wherever there is dead organic matter, particularly in humus, the processes of decay being associated with these organisms. The vegetative body of fungi, the mycelium, is composed of delicate threads, the hyphae (fig. 1078), which penetrate the Stock Photo")
RMRDHK3P–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. SAPROPHYTISM AND SYMBIOSIS 755 milk, and the bacteria of hay infusions (figs. 14-17). Among the com- moner saprophytic fungi are the molds {e.g. Penicillium and Mucor, fig. 1078), the yeasts (figs. 168-173), a-^d "^ost fleshy fungi (figs. 197-198). Saprophytic fungi and bacteria occur wherever there is dead organic matter, particularly in humus, the processes of decay being associated with these organisms. The vegetative body of fungi, the mycelium, is composed of delicate threads, the hyphae (fig. 1078), which penetrate the
RMRDE1EG–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC DISEASES OP PLANTS St$ The oogonia and antheridia are not so common as the conidiospores. If the shriveled parts of the leaves are examined in September, the. Fio. 186.—(irape leaf attacked by mildew, Plasmopara vilicola, Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., Aug. 2, 1915. oogonia will be found as spheric organs attached to the intercellular hyphae by a short stalk. One or several filamentous curved antheridia are formed near the oogonia to the surface of which they be
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] PEZIZALES 121 multicellular archicarps, each rather like the single scolecite of Ascobolus. The cells are not connected by pores, and ascogenous hyphae arise from several in each archicarp. In R. brunneiis Dangeard reports a single archicarp, consisting of a short, somewhat twisted branch. Ramlow has also recorded a single archicarp in R. polysporus and Barker in an unnamed species. Overton has made some study of the development of the numerous spores in R. Pelletieri. The ascus nucleus divides as usual to form eight free nuclei, thes Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTNNH/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-iv-pezizales-121-multicellular-archicarps-each-rather-like-the-single-scolecite-of-ascobolus-the-cells-are-not-connected-by-pores-and-ascogenous-hyphae-arise-from-several-in-each-archicarp-in-r-brunneiis-dangeard-reports-a-single-archicarp-consisting-of-a-short-somewhat-twisted-branch-ramlow-has-also-recorded-a-single-archicarp-in-r-polysporus-and-barker-in-an-unnamed-species-overton-has-made-some-study-of-the-development-of-the-numerous-spores-in-r-pelletieri-the-ascus-nucleus-divides-as-usual-to-form-eight-free-nuclei-thes-RDTNNH.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] PEZIZALES 121 multicellular archicarps, each rather like the single scolecite of Ascobolus. The cells are not connected by pores, and ascogenous hyphae arise from several in each archicarp. In R. brunneiis Dangeard reports a single archicarp, consisting of a short, somewhat twisted branch. Ramlow has also recorded a single archicarp in R. polysporus and Barker in an unnamed species. Overton has made some study of the development of the numerous spores in R. Pelletieri. The ascus nucleus divides as usual to form eight free nuclei, thes Stock Photo")
RMRDTNNH–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] PEZIZALES 121 multicellular archicarps, each rather like the single scolecite of Ascobolus. The cells are not connected by pores, and ascogenous hyphae arise from several in each archicarp. In R. brunneiis Dangeard reports a single archicarp, consisting of a short, somewhat twisted branch. Ramlow has also recorded a single archicarp in R. polysporus and Barker in an unnamed species. Overton has made some study of the development of the numerous spores in R. Pelletieri. The ascus nucleus divides as usual to form eight free nuclei, thes
RMRDE531–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 586 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Hyphae inflated at both apex and joints 2. Arthrobotiys. Hyphae not inflated Conidia spirally pleurogynous 3. Haplariopsis. Conidia solitary, acrogenous or capitate Conidia capitate at apex. .. 4. Cephalothecium, p. 586. Conidia solitary at apex Fertile hyphae long 5. Trichothecium. Fertile hyphae very short 6. Didymopsis. Fertile hyphae branched Branching irregular 7. Diplosporium. Branching verticillate 8. Diplocladium. Branching dichotomous; sterig- mata subtemate 9. Cylindrocladium. Conid
RMRDD7TY–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. TUBERCTJLINA. Tuberculina. 32r Mycelium parasitic on hyphae and spore-patches of Uredineae. Short rod-like hyphae spring from the spore-patches, and give ofi' from their apices, globose conidia, which on germination produce branched promycelia bearing sickle-shaped conidia.. Fig. 179.—ScMifizia cypericola on Ct/perus Jkivescens. Several roots show palmately- divided swellings. Isolated spore. (After Magnus.) Tubercu
RMRDX0G6–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 212 PROTOBASIDIOMYCETES [CH. â â¢:⢠:â m Fig. i88. Uromyces Poae Raben.; conjut^nte divi<;ions in aecidium, x 1330; after Blacliman and Fraser. fication and in some cases it shows but few of the characters of normal mitosis. In the spermatial hyphae of Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme, for example, Blackman has described a condensation of the nucleus to form a deeply staining body out of which the nucleolus is squeezed. The chromatin is drawn apart into two apparently homogeneous masses between which a kinoplasmic thread represents the
RMRDCEMJ–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 177. Ephibe pubescetis, Fr. A branched Blifonu thallus of Stigonema with the hyphae of the Fungus ^towing thrbugh its gelatinous membranes. Extremity of a branch of the thallus with a young lateral branch a; h hyphae, g cells of the Alga, gs the apex of the thallus After Sachs. Magn. 500 times. Fig. 178. Eptube pubtsUHS, Fr. A branched filiform thallus of Siigonema with hyphae of the Fungus growing through its gelatinous membranes, a tip of the thallus after bein
RMRDEG7Y–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. CHAPTER V CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRUE FUNGI CLASS III. EUMYCETES The true fungi or hyphomycetes {iKpri, a web + yuu/cTjs, a mushroom; are thallophytes in which the thallus, as the Greek derivation implies consists of a system of threads {kyphm) which form a cobwebby struc- ture known as the mycelium (Eig. ii). A single thread of the myceliurr is an hypha (plural hyphae) and a hypha may be unicellular, or multi- cellular. All true fungi are colorless, that is they are chlorophylless and
RMRDTXT9–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 76. Ascobolusfurfuraceus Pers.; a. young archicarp, x 750; b. rather older specimen showing pores between the cells, x 625 ; after Welsford. fourth from the apex (Welsford), enlarges, buds out ascogenous hyphae and functions as the oogonium. Those near the base form a stalk, and those towards the apex may be regarded as constituting a now functionless trichogyne. The cells on each side of the oogonium communicate with it by means of pores (fig. 76 U). Additional nuclei pass into it from both the stalk and terminal cells, and Welsford
RMRDX1K4–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 21. Endomyces fibuliger Lind- ner; formation of conidia; after Guilliermond. Fi^. 22. Dipodascus albidus Lagerh.; fusion of con- jugating cells and nuclei; after Dangeard. Wolkia decolorans, the only known species of the genus Wolkia, has a strong mycelium, growing luxuriantly at a temperature of about 26° C.; in the immature state the mycelium is light pink, later globular red bodies appear. These are the asci and are formed at the ends of single hyphae without preliminary fusion. At first they contain dense cytoplasm and a large va
RMRDE5AE–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 509 confluent, marginally fimbriate, the radiating fibers arachnoid, white, distinctly branched; pycnidia tuberculariform, scattered or confluent, black; conidia oblong, constricted, 18-20 x 5. /i; conidiophores short. This fungus was first described in 1826. It is common on rose leaves. The mycelium is in part subcuticular, in part deeper. The subcuticular part is visible through the cuticle, consisting of radiate strands each composed of several parallel hyphae. From this mycelium branches pene
RMRE2FKT–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. LIFE HISTORIES OF FUNGI 277 (Fig. 200), resembles Agaricus superficially and is often mistaken for it. Amanita always has, at the base of the stalk, a cup, which Agaricus lacks. 269. Description.—The body of Agaricus consists of a. Fig. 200.—The deadly amanita, Amanita phalloides. Note the cup at the base of the stipe. (Photo by E. M. Kittredge.) short fleshy stalk (the stipe), having numerous root-like hyphae (rhizomorphs) penetrating the soil from its lower end, and bearing at its upper end an umbrella-shaped expansion, the pileus. On the under side of the p
RMRPY1GH–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. go Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin hyphae, which terminate somewhat loosely and irregularly. The asci are borne in a single layer and are not in perithecia, and are not covered, each ascus resting in a space between the sterile cells which present a mesh-like appearance. (See fig. 21.) The walls of the hexagonal cell meshes are quite thick and are formed of strands of hyphae. Each ascus contains 8 ascospores. The ascospores are 3-celled, and with thick walls (fig. 21, c). The thallus of Hexagonella is dark brown. The asci are prominent due to the dark color of the sp
RMRDTNNT–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. I20 DISCOMYCETES [CH. gave rise to ascogenous hyphae; an investigation sufficiently searching to determine this point might have led to the recognition of nuclear fusions in normal material. The ascospore has a single large nucleus, and gives rise to multi- nucleate germ-tubes in which Ramlow's figures show numerous nuclei in pairs (fig. 16). In Ascophanns ochraceus Dangeard describes eight to fifteen oogonia as taking part in the formation of a single fruit. These, it would appear, are all borne upon the same hypha; they may arise from a
RMRDCEPF–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 168. Cystococcus, a—e from the thallus of hu- bricariatitiaeea. ^from the thallus of ^Afl«-o/A<?ro» coralloides. / from the thallus of Usnea barbata. c, d isolated algal cells, the rest with hyphae attached to them. c-/ cells dividing, a—e and s magn. 390, y 700 times, yafter Schwendener.. Fig. 169, Trentepohlia {Chroolepus umbrimtm. Kg.). a from the thallus of Lecanactis illeeebrosa, Duf. b from the thallus of Graf his serif ta. Magn. 390 times. Section CXV.
RMRDEFMY–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 148 MYCOLOGY (Fig. sO has a copious literature. Lafar cites forty workers of recent date, who have studied it. The physician finds it as an occupant of. Fig. so.—Aspergillus nidulans. A, Mycelium with conidiophores; B, branched conidiophore; C, spore chains at end of conidiophore; D, small conidiophores; E, young fruit showing development of covering; F, hyphae with swollen ends; G, hypha from interior of fruit-body; H, hyphae with young asci; J, developing perithe- cium. {See Die nalii
RMRE2FXF–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. APPENDIX HEMILBIA Berk, et Broome. ^cidia, if any, unknown. Uredospores borne singly on hyphae which protrude in fascicles through a stoma. Teleuto- spores formed later on pedicels in the centre of the same fascicles, one-celled, with apical germ-pore, germinating as in Uromyces. The character given for Hemileia, when only H. vastatrix was known, of having one side of the uredospore smooth, is now known to be not of universal application. Hemileia americana Mass. Hemileia americana Mass. in Gard. Chron. 1905, x
RMRDE524–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 596 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Conidia clavate 4. Gongromeriza. Chains breaking up witii difficulty Chains curved 5. Gyroceras. Chains straight or nearly so 6. Honniscium. Hyphae hyaline 7. MonUochaetes, p. 597. Thielaviopsis Went. ^^ (p. 595) Hyphffi creeping, subhyaline; conidiophores simple, septate; conidia of two kinds; macroconidia catenulate, ovate, fuscous; Fio. 399.—T. ethaceticus. After Wakker and Went.. Fio. 400.—Torula. After Saccardo. microconidia cylindric, hyaline, catenulate within the conidiophore. In part
RMRE1PX3–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 268 DEVELOPMENT OF PHALLALES They differ chiefly from the puffballs in that the spore-bearing cavities are surrounded by tougher hyphae. Consequently, when the periderm of these Httle cup-shaped bodies opens, these tougher parts appear as minute eggs in a nest (Fig. 177, B). 100. Order f. Phallales or Stink Horns.âThese fungi first appear as egg-Hke structures on rather coarse strands of the mycelium which traverse decaying vegetation. These bodies consist of a white skin-Hke periderm which encloses a stipe and. ^ Tig. 178. A common form of the Phal
RMRDDBHM–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 214 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE is not known but which is placed in this genus on account of the similarity of its conidial stage with that of the other species. U. virens (Cke.) Tak. Ascigerous stage unknown, sclerotia spher- ical, about 5 mm. in diameter; conidia spherical, at first smooth- walled, hyaline, at maturity echinulate and olive green, 4-6 M- The short thick walled fr ^^ hyphae of the interior of the sclerotium are closely in- ,,.„,-. -. • terwoven to a false tissue, liG. 153.—U. virens; a, spores germinated m
RMRDY5JD–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. GASTEOMYCETES. u. FIGURES ILLUSTEATING THE HYMENOGASTBEAE. Fig. 1, Octaviania asterosperma, portion of a tramal plate showing the hyphae of the trama bending outwards and bearing the basidia on both surfaces; the young spores are smooth ; highly mag.;—Fig. 2, Hydnangium carneum, spore very highly mag.;—Fig. 3, BMzopngon ruhescens, plant nat. size;—Fig. 4, Hysterangium nephriticam, spores higlily mag.;—Fig. 5, Hymenogaster tener, section through centre of plant, showing the con- tinuous peridium -with the thickened sterile base,
RMRDTNYW–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 112 DISCOMYCETES [CH. Humaria granulata is a common red or orange coprophilous form. The archicarp develops as a side branch from an ordinary hypha. The apical cell of this branch increases in size and becomes spherical, forming the oogonium (fig. 6^) ; it contains large numbers of well-marked nuclei. When it is full grown the oogonial nuclei fuse in pairs (fig. 68 a), and the fusion nuclei pass into the ascogenous hyphae (fig. 68 b). There is no sign of either trichogyne or antheridium.. Fig. 68. Humaria granulata Quel.; a. fusion of nuc
RMRDTW98–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 66 BOTANY. cell-families; in both cases separate motile cells (zoospores) in a mother- cell arrange themselves in a definite manner, and gradually unite into a family resembling the parent plant (Fig. 49). By the breaking up of the wall of the mother-cell the new family is set free. (ft) In some fungi the cells composing the vegetative threads (hy- phse) unite loosely with one another into a mass. In some cases the union is so slight that the hyphae may be separated with the greatest ease, while iu others it approaches the density and firmness of
RMRDCY5K–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 462 BASIDIOMYCETES. scales arranged regularly in concentric lines. The stools break out from living stems through cracks in the bark or from wounds, e.g. those made by wood-peckers. The fir-wood, normally white, assumes, when diseased, a yellow or honey-colour, more or less like the sporophore, while here and there, parts may become light brown. The hyphae grow in all direc- tions, but especially as white strands up
RMRDE52M–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 589 Hyphae verticillate; sterile hy- phaB present 13. Mucrosporium. Parasitic Conidia mucose-conglobate, allan- toid, often continuous 14. Allantospora. Conidia not mucose-conglobate Conidia ovate-cylindric or elon- gate, often catenulate 15. Ramularia, p. 590. Conidia obclavate-pyriform 16. PirictJaria, p. 591. Septocylindrium Bonardin (p. 588) Coiiidiophores very short, scarcely distinct from the conidia, or in parasitic species distinct but short and inflated or dentic- ulately sublobate at th
RMRDE51M–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 600 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Monotosporese (p. 595) Conidia dark, solitary, acrogenous. Key to Genera of Monotosporese Sterile hyphae lacking Fertile hyphae short and fascicled at base 1. Hadrotrichum. Fertile hyphse longer, separate 2. Monotospora. Sterile hyphse present Conidia with a loose hyaline membrane. 3. Nigrospora. Conidia without a membrane Conidia with a large shining drop... 4. Sporoglena. Conidia without a shining drop 5. Acremoniella, p. 600. Acremoniella Saccardo Hyphse creeping, simple or ramose, hyaline
![. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDCT1H/comparative-morphology-and-biology-of-the-fungi-mycetozoa-and-bacteria-plant-morphology-fungi-myxomycetes-bacteriology-fquot-i-fig-89-lecauora-subfiitca-median-section-through-a-young-apothecium-swollen-up-in-ammonia-somewhat-diagranunatically-represented-h-h-hymenium-e-excipulum-from-which-spring-the-paraphyses-represented-by-strokes-run-ning-vertically-towards-h-sh-ascogenous-hyphae-givmg-rise-to-the-asci-r-lind-9n-medullary-layer-of-the-thallus-which-forms-a-rim-round-the-excipulum-the-round-bodies-are-the-algal-cells-contained-m-the-thallus-magn-190-tunes-this-is-RDCT1H.jpg ". Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is Stock Photo")
RMRDCT1H–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is
RMRDX1N0–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 58 PLECTOMYCETES [CH. Only two species of Eremascus are known. E. albtis was discovered by Eidam in 1881, in a bottle of malt extract. The contents had gone bad and their surface was covered with a growth of various fungi, amongst which was the new genus. It pro- duced a fine, snowy white, septate mycelium from which pairs of fer- tile hyphae grew out, curled round one another and fused at their tips (fig. 18). The fused portion was cut off from the fertile hypha below, and eventually produced eight spores. Unfortunately Eidam's species w
RMRDJ13M–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. 442 FUNGUS-rJLOEA.. FIGUEES ILLUSTRATING THE STILBEAE. Fig. i, Exosporivm tiliae; section of fungus and conidium;—Fig. 2, EpidoeMum atrovirem; section of fungus, and portion of hyphae with, a conidium;—^Fig. 3, Myrothecium inundaium; general appearance of fungus, and portion of section showing oonidiophores bearing conidia ;— Fig. 4, Atrdboirymn afrum;—Fig. 5, Aegeriia Candida;—Fig. 6, Dendro- doOiimn affine;—Fig. 7, TuhercuUna persicina ;—Pig. 8, Volutella ciliata; —Pig, 9, sterile hypha and two conidiophores bearing conidia,
RMRDDWW6–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fio. 14. Fig. 13.—Tracheid of Pinus sytvestris destroyed by Travutes pini. The primary cell-WHll is completely dissolved from below upwards to a^ a; 6, secondary and tertiary layers of the walls consisting in the under portion of cellulose only, in which gi'anules of chalk are recognizable ; c, fungus-hyphae boring through the walls, leaving holes d and e. (After R. Hartig.) Fic. 14.—Tracheid of Pinus destroyed by P
RMRDTNJM–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. ^<#s^. Fig. 90. u. Helvetia crispa (Scop.) Fr.; b. and c. Morchella vulgaris Pers.; after Boudier. nuclear divisions, and finds two chromosomes in the vegetative and four in the fertile hyphae. Four again appear in the first and second (meiotic) divisions in the ascus, after the second fusion has taken place, and two are recorded in the telophase of the third division, and in the mitosis in the spore. The ripe spore normally contains eight nuclei. In both species, after an ascus has arisen from the penultimate cell of a hypha, the term
RMRDCEN4–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. FIG. 175. Tktlidium minutulum. A perithecium on the thallus; a groups of Algae, FIG. 176. vd CystocoUus tbe- m the part of the thallus without Algae spreading in the substratum, fi the perithecium Hetts, Thw. a extremity of a branch cut through the middle, represented diagrammatically and slightly magnified. B a group seen from without. 6 a similar one of Algae with hyphae growing round them, magn. 480 times. Afler Stahi. in optical longitudinal section; x the Algae;
RMRDWFKN–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 268 DEVELOPMENT OF PHALLALES They differ chiefly from the puffballs in that the spore-bearing cavities are surrounded by tougher hyphae. Consequently, when the periderm of these Httle cup-shaped bgdies opens, these tougher parts appear as minute eggs in a nest (Fig. 177, B). 100. Order f. Phallales or Stink Horns.—^These fungi first appear as egg-like structures on rather coarse strands of the mycehum which traverse decaying vegetation. These bodies consist of a white skin-Hke periderm which encloses a stipe and. < is h ^ J A Fig. 178. A common f
RMRDWFM8–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. Fig. 174. Cluster of common puffballs, Lycoperdon. At left three older ones have opened, permitting discharge of basidiospores. ' fungi are developed, as in the Agaricales, on strands of the mycelium, which often form extensive net-like threads in rot- ten stumps, logs, sawdust and humus (Fig. 174). The puffballs vary in size from a pea to over a foot in diameter. When young, they consist of white cheesy masses of hyphae which form in. Fig. 175. Diagram of a section of one of the puffballs, showing the thick skin of periderm and the irregular cavitie
RMRDD84H–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 284 USTILAGINEAE. formation of conidia ensues; the conidia multiply in a yeast- like manner, and only grow out as hyphae on exhaustion of nutritive material. Infection takes place on seedling-plants. Kiihn cultivated this species on Sorghum saccharatum and S. vulgare, and suggests that a common disease of Durra in South Africa may be caused by this parasite. Ust. sorghi (Link.) {Ust. Tulasnei Kiihn) (U.S. America):
RMRDDBMH–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 201 M. stysanophora Mat. is said to be an ascigerous stage of Dematophora glonierata, cf. p. 230, so injurious to the grape. Nectria Fries (p. 197) Stroma absent or tubercular, fleshy, bright colored; perithecia single, or gregarious, on or in the stroma or among cottony hyphae, globose or ovate, walls fleshy, yellow, red or brown, smooth or hairy; ostiole papillate or not; asci cylindric or clavate, 8-spored; spores elongate blunt or pointed, hyaline, rarely red, 2-celled, form- ing conidia in t
RMRDCXWJ–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 309.—Fusoma parasiticum. Dis- eased Pine-seedlings, with, a, root killed; b, hypocotyl killed; c, first leaves and plumule killed. (After R. Hartig.). Fig. 310.—Epidermis of a Pine-seedling with a stoma. Some hyphae of Fui^na have produced partial dissolution of cell- walls. (After B. Hartig.) ,tfI5^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for
RMRPY26N–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 64 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin 227P>, black, margin brown; hyphae brown, 10M thick, ceils of the epidermis only sparsely filled with mycelium. Asci 8-spored, spatulate, 25-30 X 100/*, paraphyses numerous, filiform, equalling the asci; no epithecium; spores inordinate, black, 1-septate, 14 X 32-35 M, strongly constricted at the septum, and separating there. The two ends of the spores obtuse, and much darker than the median region. Differs from A. palowanense Syd. by having larger perithecia differently arranged, and larger asci and spores. (See PI. vi, a, b; fi
RMRDE50A–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 608 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE S. graminis Fcl. Spots foliicolous, elongate, ochraceous; conidiophores densely fasciculate, filiform, simple, sinuose, 90-100 x 6-8 n, subcontinuous; conidia fusoid-obclavate, 35-45 X 8-10 n, miiseptate, olive-brown. It is common, causing leaf spots on grasses, especially on Avena and Phleum. It is de- scribed on the latter by Trelease.''^ The my- celitmi collects below the stomata and pushes its tuft of hyphae through them. S. melophthorum P. & D. parasitizes melons and cucumbers in Fra
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. in] PLECTASCALES 67 In G. Candidas (fig. 27 d) the antheridium and oogonium already differ in form at the time of their union, and, in the majority of cases, appear to. Fig. 27. Gymnoascus Reesil Baran.; a. surface view of conjugating cells; b. the same in longitudinal section; t. a later stage, septate oogonium giving rise to ascogenous hyphae; Gymnoascus candithcs Eidam; d, surface view of conjugating cells; e. same in longitudinal section; all after Dale. Ctenomyces serratus Eidam; f. surface view of con- jugating cells, X400; after Ei Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX1J7/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-in-plectascales-67-in-g-candidas-fig-27-d-the-antheridium-and-oogonium-already-differ-in-form-at-the-time-of-their-union-and-in-the-majority-of-cases-appear-to-fig-27-gymnoascus-reesil-baran-a-surface-view-of-conjugating-cells-b-the-same-in-longitudinal-section-t-a-later-stage-septate-oogonium-giving-rise-to-ascogenous-hyphae-gymnoascus-candithcs-eidam-d-surface-view-of-conjugating-cells-e-same-in-longitudinal-section-all-after-dale-ctenomyces-serratus-eidam-f-surface-view-of-con-jugating-cells-x400-after-ei-RDX1J7.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. in] PLECTASCALES 67 In G. Candidas (fig. 27 d) the antheridium and oogonium already differ in form at the time of their union, and, in the majority of cases, appear to. Fig. 27. Gymnoascus Reesil Baran.; a. surface view of conjugating cells; b. the same in longitudinal section; t. a later stage, septate oogonium giving rise to ascogenous hyphae; Gymnoascus candithcs Eidam; d, surface view of conjugating cells; e. same in longitudinal section; all after Dale. Ctenomyces serratus Eidam; f. surface view of con- jugating cells, X400; after Ei Stock Photo")
RMRDX1J7–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. in] PLECTASCALES 67 In G. Candidas (fig. 27 d) the antheridium and oogonium already differ in form at the time of their union, and, in the majority of cases, appear to. Fig. 27. Gymnoascus Reesil Baran.; a. surface view of conjugating cells; b. the same in longitudinal section; t. a later stage, septate oogonium giving rise to ascogenous hyphae; Gymnoascus candithcs Eidam; d, surface view of conjugating cells; e. same in longitudinal section; all after Dale. Ctenomyces serratus Eidam; f. surface view of con- jugating cells, X400; after Ei
RMRDG54X–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. THE FUNGI 249 (Sect. 315). The zygospore formation of bread-mold consid- erably resembles the mode of spore production in Spirogyra (Sect. 282), but the mold gametes contain many nuclei.. Fig. 174. Spore-Formation in Potato-Blight {Phytophthora infestaris), one of tHe algal fungi. A, a well-developed group of stalks, proceeding from a mass of mycelium inside the leaf and escaping through a stoma; B, a young, unbranched stalk, h, hyphae of mycehum; o, stoma; s, spore. (Both figures greatly magnified, S more than A.) It appears highly probable that such al
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. a v^" Fig. 90.âHerpotrichia nigra, o, hyphae weav- ing a granular mycelium on the surface of the needle and forming tuber-like bodies over the stomata; rod-like haustoria are sunk into the outer walls of the epidermal cells. (After B. Hartig).. Fig. 91.âHerpotrichia nigra, Ascus with germinating spores, (v. Tubeuf del.) I have frequently observed the fungus on Jiinipenis com- munis, especially in Bavarian â f Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDC21F/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-a-vquot-fig-90herpotrichia-nigra-o-hyphae-weav-ing-a-granular-mycelium-on-the-surface-of-the-needle-and-forming-tuber-like-bodies-over-the-stomata-rod-like-haustoria-are-sunk-into-the-outer-walls-of-the-epidermal-cells-after-b-hartig-fig-91herpotrichia-nigra-ascus-with-germinating-spores-v-tubeuf-del-i-have-frequently-observed-the-fungus-on-jiinipenis-com-munis-especially-in-bavarian-f-RDC21F.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. a v^" Fig. 90.âHerpotrichia nigra, o, hyphae weav- ing a granular mycelium on the surface of the needle and forming tuber-like bodies over the stomata; rod-like haustoria are sunk into the outer walls of the epidermal cells. (After B. Hartig).. Fig. 91.âHerpotrichia nigra, Ascus with germinating spores, (v. Tubeuf del.) I have frequently observed the fungus on Jiinipenis com- munis, especially in Bavarian â f Stock Photo")
RMRDC21F–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. a v^" Fig. 90.âHerpotrichia nigra, o, hyphae weav- ing a granular mycelium on the surface of the needle and forming tuber-like bodies over the stomata; rod-like haustoria are sunk into the outer walls of the epidermal cells. (After B. Hartig).. Fig. 91.âHerpotrichia nigra, Ascus with germinating spores, (v. Tubeuf del.) I have frequently observed the fungus on Jiinipenis com- munis, especially in Bavarian â f
RMRDE51X–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 599 Branches circinate at apex; conidia mesogenous, muricate 3. Acrospeira. Branches spirally twisted; conidia exogenous 4. Streptothrix, p. 599. Hyphae simple or with straight branches 5. Virgaria. All hyphae more or less creeping Branches curved or lash-like. . 6. Campsotrichum. Branches not curved ' Conidia spiny, rarely smooth 7. Zygodesmus, p. 599. Conidia smooth Conidia sessile 8. Trichosporium. Conidia on stalks Conidia on tooth-like sterig- mata 9. Rhinocladium. Conidia on jar-like stalks
RMRDEG5R–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRUE FUNGI 47. Fig. 13.—Details of the mycelium of Armillaria mellea. I, Piece of mycelium a slide; //, piece of old mycelium {Rhizomorpha subterranea); III, rhizomorphpro- ucing fruit bodies; IV, apex of rhizomorph capable of growth; (o) peripheral hyphae; )) pseudo-epidermis; (c) growing point; {d, e, h) pith; (h) hollow center. (/ and V after Brefeld; III, after Harlig in Zopf, Die Pilze, 1890, p. 25.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned p
RMRE3960–. Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup;. Fungi. 53 foliorum innatae, ellipsoideae, long. 20—25 M^, crass. 12—16 1^ pallido- fuscae, pellucidae. (See fig. tab. I). Besides in Denmark proper this fungus has been found twice in Greenland (Lind 10 b '^°) and in Iceland (R 03 b ^^^) as well as in Sweden, Belgium and France (see Vgr. 02 ^*'^).. Fig. 1. Physoderma myriophylli (Rostrup). a and b; Resting spores with their appendicular cells; c and d: Spores germinating with hyphae; e: A spore being about the metamorphosis into sporangium; f: A sporangium exhausting the ripe zoosp
RMRDE5PK–. Fungoid and insect pests of the farm. Agricultural pests. 8 Introduction to Fungi i^^' In neither case can foreign organisms enter the culture. It is thus possible to grow a fungus free from all other organisms. If at first the culture is not pure a few spores of the required fungus may be transferred to a sterile medium and a pure culture so obtained. The mushroom fungus resembles those already examined in consisting of a mycehum and a part which bears the spores. The spawn contains a. Fig. 6. Colonies of a fungus growing on gelatin in u, Petri dish dense growth of hyphae which take up food
RMRDXNXJ–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. FUNGI INTRODUCTORY 405 origin always a false tissue, or pseudo-parenchyma, made up from mdependent filaments, not a true parenchyma produced by segmenta- tion of cells with a common origin. Many Fungi form large solid masses of such pseudo-parenchyma, which are called sclerotia, and serve for storage during a resting period (Fig. 341). The hyphae are limited by a cell-wall, composed of substance differing in its reactions from ordinary cellulose : they may be septate or non-septate, and in. Fig. 340. Base of a young tree (s) killed by ArmiHaria ntellea, wh
RMRDE4WY–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 635 Stilbella Lindau (p. 633) Hyphae forming a coremium which is capitate above; conidio- phores borne on the cap; conidia small, often enclosed in shme. Over one hvmdred species chiefly saprophytes. (Commonly known as Stilbum but the type of the genus being a hymenomycete it was renamed.) S. flavida (Cke.) Kohl, causes a serious coffee disease. S. these Bern, is on tea in India. S. nanum Mas. causes the thread blight of tea. S. populi on poplar =Mycosphaerella populi. See p. 250. Rhombostilbella
RMRDHN17–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. NEOTTIELLA. 371 margin composed of hyaline, septate, cylindrical, thin-walled hyphae that are sometimes hranched, 80-100 x 6-7 /x, the hyphae are often arranged in little bundles; excipulum parenchymatous, cells elongated in the direction from base. Neottiella polytricM. Fig. 1, small specimens, natural size;âPig. 2, specimen, x 5; Fig. 3, section of portion of excipulum, x 400;âFig. 4, aacus â with spores and paraphyses, x 400;âFig. 5, spores in various stages of development, x 800. to margin ; cortical cells irregularly polj-
RMRDE23N–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 105.—Septoria leaf spot disease of celery, or celery blight. (After Coons, G. N., and Levin, Ezra, Spec. Bull. 77, Mich. Agric. Coll. Exper. Stat., March. 1916. 5P0BES . Fig. 106.—Section through leaf spot of celery blight {Septoria) showing hyphae) in leaf tissue and pycnidium with exuding pycnospores. (After Coons, G. H., and Levin, Ezra, Spec. Bull. 77. Mich. Agric. Coll. Exper. Stat., March, 1916.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may h
RMRDDBPP–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 188 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE or more or less persistent; perithecia usually scattered, rarely gregarious, 140-270 /t, rarely up to 350 n; cells rather obscure, 15-20 fi; the apical outgrowth becomes mucilaginous attaching the perithecium firmly to places where it may fall; appendages. Fig. 137.—Phyllactinia corylea. 1. Natural size, on chestnut leaf. 2. Perithecium enlarged. 3. Two asci. 4. Three spores. 5. Conidia-bearing hyphae. 6. Co- nidium germinating. After Anderson. 5-18, equatorial, 1 to 3-times the diameter of t
RMRDE5CD–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 496 THE FUNGT WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Asteroma De Candolle (p. 482) Pycnidia very small, globose, erumpent, often on a mass of hyphae; conidia ovate or short cylindric. In part =Gnomonia. See p' 274. About forty species chiefly parasitic. A. padi (D. C.) Grev. on Prunus=Gnomonia padicola. See p. 275. A. geographicum (D. C.) Desm. occurs on various species of Pomaceae; A. punctiforme Berk, on the rose; A. stuhlmanni Hen. on bananas and pineapples in Africa. A. codisei All. is said to be a serious parasite of Codiseum.^^ Vermicular
![. Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup;. Fungi. 154 Glomeruli subsphaeroidei vel pulvinati, 1â3 mm diam. primo albi, dein pallidi, hyphae ramosae, intricatae, uncinatae, hyalinae, 2 ^^ cras- sae, asci botryosa-congesti, breve stipitati, 8â9 1^ diam., sphaeroidei, sporae subglobosae, hyalinae, octonae, 3,5â4,5 1^ diam. 1 guttulatae. In ossibus Rheae americanae. S. Landbohejskolen (May 96 & April 97 Boas). 567. Gytnnoascus flavus Klecker 02 c. icon., Syll. XVIII ^^^. On Lucilia Caesar. S. GI. Carlsberg March 00. 568. Myxotrichum. Myxotrichum brunneum R 95 a ^"^ c. Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE3920/danish-fungi-as-represented-in-the-herbarium-of-e-rostrup-fungi-154-glomeruli-subsphaeroidei-vel-pulvinati-13-mm-diam-primo-albi-dein-pallidi-hyphae-ramosae-intricatae-uncinatae-hyalinae-2-cras-sae-asci-botryosa-congesti-breve-stipitati-89-1-diam-sphaeroidei-sporae-subglobosae-hyalinae-octonae-3545-1-diam-1-guttulatae-in-ossibus-rheae-americanae-s-landbohejskolen-may-96-amp-april-97-boas-567-gytnnoascus-flavus-klecker-02-c-icon-syll-xviii-on-lucilia-caesar-s-gi-carlsberg-march-00-568-myxotrichum-myxotrichum-brunneum-r-95-a-quot-c-RE3920.jpg ". Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup;. Fungi. 154 Glomeruli subsphaeroidei vel pulvinati, 1â3 mm diam. primo albi, dein pallidi, hyphae ramosae, intricatae, uncinatae, hyalinae, 2 ^^ cras- sae, asci botryosa-congesti, breve stipitati, 8â9 1^ diam., sphaeroidei, sporae subglobosae, hyalinae, octonae, 3,5â4,5 1^ diam. 1 guttulatae. In ossibus Rheae americanae. S. Landbohejskolen (May 96 & April 97 Boas). 567. Gytnnoascus flavus Klecker 02 c. icon., Syll. XVIII ^^^. On Lucilia Caesar. S. GI. Carlsberg March 00. 568. Myxotrichum. Myxotrichum brunneum R 95 a ^"^ c. Stock Photo"){kind=icon}
RMRE3920–. Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup;. Fungi. 154 Glomeruli subsphaeroidei vel pulvinati, 1â3 mm diam. primo albi, dein pallidi, hyphae ramosae, intricatae, uncinatae, hyalinae, 2 ^^ cras- sae, asci botryosa-congesti, breve stipitati, 8â9 1^ diam., sphaeroidei, sporae subglobosae, hyalinae, octonae, 3,5â4,5 1^ diam. 1 guttulatae. In ossibus Rheae americanae. S. Landbohejskolen (May 96 & April 97 Boas). 567. Gytnnoascus flavus Klecker 02 c. icon., Syll. XVIII ^^^. On Lucilia Caesar. S. GI. Carlsberg March 00. 568. Myxotrichum. Myxotrichum brunneum R 95 a ^"^ c.
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