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![. The anatomy, physiology, morphology and development of the blow-fly (Calliphora erythrocephala.) A study in the comparative anatomy and morphology of insects; with plates and illustrations executed directly from the drawings of the author;. Blowflies. THE JMAGIN A L DISCS. 83 Kunckel d'Herculais [25] figured and described three pairs of appendicular discs in the resting larva of Volucelia—a pair of mandibular, a pair of maxillary, and a pair of labial discs. The two latter correspond with those of the Blow-fly larva, but I have been unable to find any traces of mandibular discs. Weismann kne Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFTN31/the-anatomy-physiology-morphology-and-development-of-the-blow-fly-calliphora-erythrocephala-a-study-in-the-comparative-anatomy-and-morphology-of-insects-with-plates-and-illustrations-executed-directly-from-the-drawings-of-the-author-blowflies-the-jmagin-a-l-discs-83-kunckel-dherculais-25-figured-and-described-three-pairs-of-appendicular-discs-in-the-resting-larva-of-voluceliaa-pair-of-mandibular-a-pair-of-maxillary-and-a-pair-of-labial-discs-the-two-latter-correspond-with-those-of-the-blow-fly-larva-but-i-have-been-unable-to-find-any-traces-of-mandibular-discs-weismann-kne-PFTN31.jpg ". The anatomy, physiology, morphology and development of the blow-fly (Calliphora erythrocephala.) A study in the comparative anatomy and morphology of insects; with plates and illustrations executed directly from the drawings of the author;. Blowflies. THE JMAGIN A L DISCS. 83 Kunckel d'Herculais [25] figured and described three pairs of appendicular discs in the resting larva of Volucelia—a pair of mandibular, a pair of maxillary, and a pair of labial discs. The two latter correspond with those of the Blow-fly larva, but I have been unable to find any traces of mandibular discs. Weismann kne Stock Photo")
RMPFTN31–. The anatomy, physiology, morphology and development of the blow-fly (Calliphora erythrocephala.) A study in the comparative anatomy and morphology of insects; with plates and illustrations executed directly from the drawings of the author;. Blowflies. THE JMAGIN A L DISCS. 83 Kunckel d'Herculais [25] figured and described three pairs of appendicular discs in the resting larva of Volucelia—a pair of mandibular, a pair of maxillary, and a pair of labial discs. The two latter correspond with those of the Blow-fly larva, but I have been unable to find any traces of mandibular discs. Weismann kne
RMT1HFDP–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 Fig. 45.—Protomyces macrosporiis on leaf-stalk of AegopoO.ium Pod.agro.rio.. A, Mycelium and sporangium in- the tissue under the epidermis. B, Sporangia in stages of development, (v. Tubeuf del.) latter is a secondary process and consists (see Fig. 9) in the formation of exceedingly delicate membranes inside the original Fig. 46.—Protomyces viaci'Oiporus. Section of petiole of Aeyopodiv.rii with tw
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RM2AJ549P–The morphology and evolutional significance of the pineal body : being part I of a contribution to the study of the epiphysis cerebri with an interpretation of the morphological, physiological and clinical evidence . l of the parapineal vesicle forms the truelens of the parietal eye, the ventral wall is pigmented and givesrise to the retina. The latter consists of layers of differenttypes of cells. In the embryonic stages it is attached to thebrain by a tubular prolongation from the roof-plate. The firstdetailed description of the parietal or third eye in reptiles wasgiven by deGraaf155 in 188
RMPFYTCM–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. 33^ Handbook of Nature-Study THE PROMETHEA Teacher's Story I HE promethea is not so large as the cecropia, although the female resembles the latter some- what. It is the most common of all our giant silk-worms. Its caterpillars feed upon wild cherry, lilac, ash, sassafras, buttonwood and many other forest trees. During the winter, leaves may often be seen hanging straight down from the branches of wild cherry, lilac and ash. If these leaves are examined, they will be found to be wrapp
RMT1JE4B–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 UROMYCES. 339 of pycnidia precedes that of teleutospores. The latter have a flattened concave base and rounded apex; their episporium is marked with delicate ribs running from apex to base. Flii. IS.— I'roiit'ic.A T'i'P' ririiiii..i mi twigs of All>i::io. monlann tjioiighl l>y I'rof. .Stiihl from Jiivti. (v. Tubeuf phot.) Puccinia. Tideutospores two-ce
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RM2AJGDJE–An introduction to the study of the Diatomaceae . adhere. Thus the frustule can be put on the hardeneddrop of gum which has been moistened by the breath ; this isrepeated with a number of valves ad libitum, and finally theyare covered with minute drops of gum till the required thick-ness is attained. This transference of dry frustules upon thedry gum is much easier than the process with fluid gumdescribed under (1), because, with the latter it frequentlyoccurs that in bringing a new frustule into place the othersare disturbed. With uninjured frustules, process (2) is notavailable, because thes
RMPG42XK–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 96 SYMBIOSIS. in Monotropa. The root-system of a tree has not only to secure nourishment, but also the rigidity and stability of the tree.^ This latter can only be attained by a wide distribution of roots in the firm subsoil free from humus, where normal roots with root-hairs will be formed. The nursing function of the mycorhiza seems thus to be less important than in the case of Monotropa.. Fig. IS.—Mycorhisa of Pi
RMT1JEYW–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 Fig. 1S9.—Puccinia sorghi. Three teleutospores and two uredospores. One of the latter exhibits the tiny point-like projections of the membrane, (v. Tubeuf del.) Fig. ISS.—Puccinia sorghi. Section of leaf of Zea Mais filled with mycelium. The epidermis is ruptured by a spore-sorus. At one end there are still the remains of a urcdospore-sorus and a few uredospores. (v. Tubeuf. del.) P. paliformis Fu
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RM2AGEFPT–. Journal of applied microscopy and laboratory methods. ded, aswell as suitable instruments for dissection. We had a dozen laboratory micro-scopes of convenient type for dissection, and the same number of compound instruments, although it seldom happenedthat all of these latter were used at anyone time. For any special investigationdemanding a better instrument we had ahigh-grade microscope with a 1-12th oilimmersion lens. Histological work, be-yond the examination of fresh tissues, wasout of the question, under the circum-stances, and would have been less pro-fitable than the study of living
RMPG0D92–. Studies in fossil botany . Paleobotany. MEDULLOSEAE 451 discovered by Mr. Kidston, in nodules from the Middle Coal-measures of Dudley, attached to a rachis bearing the characteristic pinnules of Neuropteris heterophylla l (Fig. 169). The specimens are casts, not petrifactions, so no detailed study of structure has been possible, but the ex- ternal characters leave no doubt that the organs in question are seeds. They are of the radially symmetrical type, and the testa has a fibrous structure. Chiefly on account of the latter character Mr. Kidston refers the seeds to the genus Rhab do carpus o
RMT1JE4C–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplants00tube Year: 1897 UROMYCES. 339 of pycnidia precedes that of teleutospores. The latter have a flattened concave base and rounded apex; their episporium is marked with delicate ribs running from apex to base. Fkj. ISl. —i•o/(ii/Ct•s TcirpirimiiiK on twis of Albizzia moniana brought by Prof. Stahl from Java. (v. Tubeuf phot.) Puccinia. Teleutospores two-celled, and eacli abjointed from its own sporophore from large d
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RM2AWEKTC–Arbutus . former tended the swine, the latter ate the pore. So it was with sheep andmutton. In the sopbomore and junior years, the masterpieces of Corneille, Racine andMoliere receive most attention, while the writers of the nineteenth century arestudied by the seniors. All this work is supplemented by lectures, conversationand composition. French taste in etiquette, dress and art sends out its edicts from Paris.Students from all parts of the globe flock to the Louvre to study art. These,especially, need to study the French language, itself an instrument of grace andart, and to this day the la
RMPG41RP–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 2o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE mistaken for humming birds, that visit the flower beds at dusk. The l^andorus sphinx, P/iilanipelns fandorus, is one of the largest and most beautiful of the group and from tip to tip of expanded wings often measures more than four inches. It is single brooded. The moths appear in July and lay their eggs underneath the leaves of the grape and Virginia creeper. One of the most common of our garden species is the green grapevine sphinx, Darapsa niyroii. It is two brooded, the moths of the first brood appearing during the latter hal
RMRYT4E0–An economic study of farm An economic study of farm layout .. . economicstudyoff00myer Year: 1920 An Economic Study of Farm Layout 541 be gained, mostly from the woodlot. The vakie of tliis land would more than cover the cost of clearing. On the east side of this farm is a small farm comprising 30 acres of rather poor land with poor buildings. Since the latter farm is too small to pro- FlG. 154. ANOTHER POSSIBLE REARRANGMENT OF THE FARM SHOWTST IN FIGURE 152 The land shown as field D in this plan belongs to a farmer who lives a mile away, and is thus worked at a f'reat disadvantage. The la
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RM2AN782N–How to study pictures by means of a series of comparisons of paintings and painters from Cimabue to Monet, with historical and biographical summaries and appreciations of the painters' motives and methods . FRA ANGELICO-VAN EYCK order to paint so well, with such brilliance, such full andfirm effect, as these two brothers. For the latter hadfound out the secret of working successfully with oil-colors. Before their day attempts had been made to mixcolors in the medium of oil, but the oil was slow indrying, and the varnish added to remedy this hadblackened the colors. The Van Eycks, however, had
RMPG42AY–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. RHYNCHOTA 191 engaged in sucking. Both leaf-sucking and blood-sucking Rhynchota employ a proboscis of the same kind, but in the latter the styles are usually stiffer and stronger, while the spine- like labrum generally becomes available for stabbing. There ^Mk. are usually three joints in the tarsus, but only one in Coccidse. The female often possesses an ovipositor, which may be used to make incisions as well as to lay Life-history.—The young differ little from the
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RM2AN3KC6–The evolution of man: a popular exposition of the principal points of human ontogeny and phylogene . latter. The Comparative Anatomyof these brain-nerves is one of the strongest arguments forthe newer vertebral theory of the skull. It would lead us too far aside if we were to enter intothe particulars of this ingenious theory of Gegenbaur, andI must content myself with referring to the great workalready quoted; in it the theory is fully demonstrated byempirical and philosophical arguments. The same authorhas giveji a brief abstract in his Outlines of ComparativeAnatomy (1874), the study of whi
RMPG4BDX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 260 ASCOMYCETES. larger and four smaller spores, the latter appearing to be rudi- mentary and incapable of germination. ScL baccarum Sehroet.^ (Britain).^ The sclerotium disease of the bilberry (Voce. Myrtillus). This varies from the other species in having round conidia incapable of germinating in v?ater, in having more robust apotbecial beakers, and in lacking rhizoids. The spores are similar in number and arrange
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RM2AXGF0G–American journal of pharmacy . QUERCUS PHELLOS, L.—WILLOW OAK. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY. DECEMBER, iSgy. THE WILLOW OAK.By Henry Trimble. One of the most interesting of the oaks in this vicinity is theQuercus Phellos, L., or willow oak. While it is not of great valuefrom an economic standpoint, it nevertheless affords the means ofprofitable study by the botanist. The casual observer, if he did notnotice the tiny acorns, would pronounce it a willow tree, and itsresemblance to the latter, especially in the matter of fohage, is verystriking. It has, therefore, always been regarded with cu
RMPG42W0–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PROTOMYCES. 139 distributing itself through the intercellular spaces, stimulates the parenchyma-cells of the host to growth and cell-division. The. Fig. 45.—Trotomyces macrosporus on leaf-stalk of Aegopodium Podagraria. A, Mycelium and sporangium in the tissue xinder the epidermis. S, Sporangia in stages of development, (v. Tubeuf del.) latter is a secondary process and consists (see Fig. 9) in the formation of exce
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RM2AJA4WP–Monuments of the early church . es (Figs. 26, d and/,27, d, 33). Except in Central Syria the original shape of theserooms cannot often be established with certainty, for fewparts of the church were liable to suffer so much from restora-tion. One of the rooms, called the prothesis, was intended toreceive the offerings of the people; the other, the diaconicon,served, like the later sacristy, for keeping the church utensilsand the sacred and liturgical books. The diaconicon was usedfor the vesting of the clergy, and to it the people also mightresort to study the Scriptures. The latter fact is ind
RMPG01WE–. Our ferns in their haunts; a guide to all the native species. Ferns. THE WALKING FERN AND HARTS- TONGUE.. NE of the good points about the study of ferns is that the subject can never be quite exhausted. There is always something more to be learned or a species yet un- discovered in the locality to search for. Some plants have the faculty of eluding one for years and then appearing in some out-of-the-vifay nook, while others must be made the objects of special expeditions if one vifould obtain them. In the latter category may be placed the two plants to be discussed in this chapter. In additi
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RM2AFYKJ7–. 'Twixt the old and the new; a study in the life and times of John Henry, Cardinal Newman. ^ell in sight ; and it wasmainly the action of the ecclesiastical authoritieswhich precipitated the crisis. Many a man,Newman writes, might have held an abstract theoryabout the Catholic Church to which it was difficultto adjust the Anglican, might have admitted asuspicion, or even painful doubt about the latter,yet never have been impelled onwards had our rulerspreserved the quiescence of former years ; but it isthe corroboration of a great living and energeticheterodoxy that realises and makes such do
RMPG0CHY–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. 336 MOSSES AND FERNS CHAP. and Van Tieghefn (5), who has made a very exhaustive study of the subject, states that they always arise from an endodermal cell. This divides into a basal cell and a terminal one, and by the former the young root is directly connected with the xylem of the stem bundle. In the outer cell the three walls defining the pyramidal apical cell now arise, and the latter at once be- gins its characteristic divisions. The segmentation in the apex of the roots of the Lepto- sp
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RM2AXGM3J–Metallurgy; an introduction to the study of physical metallurgy . ed, measures theextensions of such a weigh-bar and thereby determines the loadon the test-piece. It is, of course, essential that the weigh-barshould be very much larger in cross-section than the test-piece,so that the latter may be broken before the elastic limit of theformer shall be passed. For the calibration of the weigh-baritself—i.e., for the purpose of determining once for all whatload is required to produce various elastic extensions in theweigh-bar—the use of some accurate form of testing machineof the ordinary type, o
RMPG42NK–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. (il.—Exoascus dej'or^nans. Comparison of normal section of leaf of Pvv,nus Persica with a hypertrophied one, B; in the latter the mycelial hyphae have been slightly shaded. The sections are from different parts of the same leaf, and are drawn with the same magnification. (After W. G. Smith.) on the almond {Amygdalus communis)^ resembles Ex. deformans so closely that they are now regarded as the same species.. P
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RM2AJ548H–The morphology and evolutional significance of the pineal body : being part I of a contribution to the study of the epiphysis cerebri with an interpretation of the morphological, physiological and clinical evidence . r, those which are round and small and those which areoval and long. THE PINEAL BODY 127 3. A molecular layer described by Spencer366 and Francotte127or a layer of nerve fibers described by Strahl and Martin.383The latter observers and Klinckowstroem206 maintain that thesefibers are in connection with the parietal nerve. Leydig238 andDendy86 believed that a cleft occurred in this
RMPG2NPT–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 49 reaiain distinct. That the latter is the more original condition in Birds is shown by a study of their development as well as by the condition of the tail in Archseopteryx, in which it was supported by numerous elongated free vertebrae (Fig. 38j. Moreover, in many Birds {e.g. Psittacus undulatus) more vertebrae are formed in the embryo than are seen in the adult. It must, however, be borne in mind that the pygostyle may be made up of from six to ten fused caudal vertebrae, and in the sacrum even a g
RM2AFM352–. Introduction to zoology; a guide to the study of animals, for the use of secondary schools;. ality. Even the small, imperfectpearls are of value, since they are ground up to make thepowder used in polishing the more valuable pearls. The spawning season of our Unioimhe is short. Theeggs pass, during the latter part of October, into the gillsof the parent, where they undergo their early development,protected by the parent shell and supplied richly withoxygen. The cleavage is unequal because of the larger 180 ZOOLOGY amount of yolk in some of the cells than in the others.Eventually a shell is f
RMPG42GH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. TRICHOSPHAERIA. 197 asci, the latter with eight four-celled light-grey spores, which germinate directly and distribute the fungus over new host- plants. I found this same fungus on Tsuga ca'oadensis^ at Baden- Baden, and on spruces in several parts of the Bavarian forests.^ It, however, rarely attacks spruces, although they often occur in the same forest with iirs. One of the cases of infection referred to above was
RM2AWEEK9–An introduction to the study of the comparative anatomy of animals . orpuscles isparticularly well marked in the latter species. Between ectoderm and endoderm is a very thin layer ofcolourless gelatinoid material, distinguishable as a transparentline in optical section. This is the jelly, or mesoglaea, veryscantily developed in Hydra, but attaining great thickness andforming the greater part of the bulk of the body in manyCoelenterates. It is not formed of cells as the ectoderm andendoderm are, but is formed as a secretion of (probably) bothof these layers. The general structure of the tentacl
RMPFYXEF–. Camera studies of wild birds in their homes . Birds; Photography of birds. 152. Fig. 129. YOUNG CEDARBIRDS. CUCKOOS. Two species of Cuckoos are commonly found in eastern North America, the Black-billed and the Yellow-billed. The former is the most abundant in the northern half of the United States and the latter in the southern half. The two species are very easily distinguished although beginners in bird study often get them confused. The Yellow-billed Cuckoo is the largest, has a yellow lower mandible and the outer tail-feathers are black with broad white tips. The Black-billed species has
RM2AJ7M1K–The outlines of anatomy, physiology, and hygiene Being an edition of The essentials of anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, rev to conform to the legislation making the effects of alcohol and other narcotics upon the human system a mandatory study in public schools . ocesses of organic life, and is called the sympa-thetic system. The name of the former indicates thefact that it comprises the cerebrum, or brain, and thespinal cord, with the nerves proceeding from them ;and the name of the latter suggests one of the prin-cipal characteristics of that portion of the nervoussystem, viz., that of indu
RMPFYJ1F–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. Arclurus and the Big Dipper. lowing its own curve for about twice its length and it will end in a beautiful, yellow star, the only very bright one in that region. It is a thousand times brighter than our own sun, but its light does not reach us for a hundred years after it is given off. Arcturus is supposed to be one of the largest of all the suns, having a diameter of severai millions of miles. During the latter part of June and July it is almost overhead in the early evening. The Cr
RM2AG26FX–. Some apostles of physiology : being an account of their lives and labours, labours that have contributed to the advancement of the healing art as well as to the prevention of disease. ( 95 ) objects of study. The first half of his scientific career he dealt chieflywith physiological problems, and in the latter half with those ofcomparative anatomy. He added enormously to his great Museum ofHuman and Comparative Anatomy in Berlin. Regarding the minute structure of glands, his monograph DeGland, secern. Structura penitiori (Lip. 1830) marks an epoch. Hesupported the view of E. H. Weber that th
RMPFYKA5–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. 5i6 Handbook of Nature-Study However, the violets go on living their own lives, in their own way, quite unmindful of the poets. There are many different species, and they frequent quite different locations. Some live in the woods, others in meadows and others in damp, marshy ground. They are divided into two distinct groups^those where the leaf-stems come directly from the root, and those where the leaves come from a common stem, the latter being called the leafy-stemmed violets. Much
RM2AWJ6H8–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . th long, sometimes verylong, pedicels. In Fhragmosporae the teleutospores are three, or more,septate, in one direction. In most generathey are destitute of a pseudoperidium,whilst in Phragmidium^ (Fig- 119) andXenodochus the uredospores are solitary.The differences between these two generaare slight: in the former the teleutosporesare cylindrical, the cells not readily break-ing up into joints; in the latter the cellsare more numerous and moniliform, soonbreaking up into the co
RMPFX907–. A manual for the study of insects. Insects. 55^ THE STUDY OF INSECTS. viduals of this species were thought to be males, and a race of males symbolized a race of warriors. This latter super- stition w^as carried over to Rome, and the Roman soldiers wore images of the Sacred Beetle set in rings. Our common tumble-bugs are distributed among three genera : Cantkon, Copris, and Phanceiis. In the genus Can- thon (Can^thon) the middle and posterior tibiae are slender, and scarcely enlarged at the extremity. CantJwn Icevis (C. laeVis) is our most common species (Fig. 675). In Copris (Co^pris) and Ph
RM2AWY2FB–An introduction to the study of prehistoric art . Thames at Woolwich, and with it was a bronze sword.Moreover as other bronze shields are clearly attributable,as we shall see, to Late Keltic times, there is a temptationto refer them to the same period. At the same time theyhave never been found in close association with LateKeltic products, and the work £uid ornament more closelyagree with those of the Bronze Age. Since, as alreadymentioned, hammering as a method of working bronzedid not come into use until the latter part of the BronzeAge, we shall probably not be far wrong in attributingthem
RMPG4A05–. Nature-study; a manual for teachers and students. Nature study. INSECTS, HARMFUL AND OTHERWISE 237. a medium sized butterfly with purplish wings, the front pair bearing a conspicuous orange or red band across their sur- face. The larva feeds upon hop and nettle. In the latter part of the summer the Painted Beauty is commonly found on the as- ters and other fall flowers. It is a very nimble and active butterfly. The upper surface of the wings is blackish, with orange and white spots. The under side of the wings is the finest, being marbled with brown, gray, and white, with rose-colored spots
RM2AJJFNJ–The foraminifera: an introduction to the study of the protozoa . e. The latter are capable of undergoing contractionduring the life of the organism (fig. 8, v). Crystalline Bodies.—In certain of the protozoa,as amoeba, granules of a crystalline form occur,which are refractive; they are thought to representthe final stage in the digestion of the food taken inby the organism before it is assimilated by theprotoplasm (fig. 8, c). The protozoa increase by fission or binary di-vision and by the formation of zoospores. Thefirst stage in the process of subdivision is thedivision of the nucleus. This
RMPG41WM–. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE GARDEN 189 borer and showed it to him, exphiin- ing how one such larva might kill a tree, and how, if it had lived to lay eggs, it might have cost him many more. Thanks to Slingerland's pic- tures we have this arch-enemy of all good peach trees before us, egg, larva, pupa, moth, and evil doings, the latter written so plainly that no child can fail to read them. The children should be asked to keep a sharp lookout about their peach trees, and all the trees in the neigh- borhood in fact, because one old stub may grow borers enough to stock a
RM2AJ0HKM–Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . an that with CO. The absorption spectrum issimilar to that of CO-hemoglobin, but the two absorption bands are palerand less distinct than are those of the latter pigment and do not disappearon addition of a reducing agent. Other compounds of hemoglobin with various gases are known, butlittle of clinical value is forthcoming from their study. Thus hydrogen sul-phid, hydrocyanic acid, and acetylene form combinations which interferewith the proper oxygen exchange and cause death by asphy
RMPG42TT–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 45.—Trotomyces macrosporus on leaf-stalk of Aegopodium Podagraria. A, Mycelium and sporangium in the tissue xinder the epidermis. S, Sporangia in stages of development, (v. Tubeuf del.) latter is a secondary process and consists (see Fig. 9) in the formation of exceedingly delicate membranes inside the original. Fig. 46.—Protomyces macrosporus. Section of petiole of Aegopodium witk two swellings containing spor
RM2AJKTNK–The architectural director : being a guide to builders, draughtsman, students, workmen, in the study, design, and execution of architecture ... . profile, if we mayjudge from the similarity which exists between thispart and that of his Ionic order. Of the Ionic order, Greece itself offers great varietyof expression, as has been just before remarked, andwhich is proved by comparing the columns, (thecapitals of which form so conspicuous a feature inthis order,) of the temple on the Ilissus, with those ofMinerva Polias and Erectheus, and these latter withthose of the temple of Apollo Didymaeus, a
RMPG4AX9–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 227.—Section of a nine-year twig of Juniper attacked by Gifninosporangiv.m. The rind under the spore-cushion is much thickened ; the wood towards the same side is much broken up by tracts of parenchyma. (After Woernle.) Fig. 22S.—Tangential section through diseased wood beneath a spore-cushion. The wood- elements are much dis'placed by abnormal tracts of parenchyma. (Only one of the latter has been filled in, t
RM2AWK3DJ–Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . sicular character, soft and fragile,but which have also another remarkable feature of affinitywith each other in the spores being normally globose. These two genera are Bussula and Lactarius, the latter loith and the former withouta milky juice (Fig. 50). In habit andappearance they most resemble Tricho-loma, but a little experience will soondistinguish the difference. They arealmost absolutely terrestrial and soli-tary, with a short robust stem, andmany of the Bussulae have a
RMPFWR5F–. A manual for the study of insects. Insects. Fig. 315,—Edema albifrons^ larva. The Two-lined Prominent, Seirodonta bilineata (Seir-o- don'ta bi-lin-e-a'ta).—The larva of this species (Fig. 316) is much more apt to be observed than the adult. It is com- mon in the latter part of the summer and in early autumn^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Comstock, John Henry, 1849-1931; Comstock, Anna Botsford, 1854-193
RM2AWE40N–History of Branch county, Michigan, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers . pleting any of the prescribedcounses of study in the high school will receive a certificateof graduation signed by the superintendent and membersof the board of education. There are two kinds of di-plomas,—the ordinary diploma, given the same as hereto-fore, and the regular diploma, which entitles the holder toenter Michigan University without further examination.Candidates receiving the latter will have the fact of suchadmission stated on their diplomas. The following a
RMPFYW2W–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. Batrachian Study 195 upper and lower jaws, the latter being below and back of the former. The upper jaw moves back and forth slightly and rythmically, but the drop- ping of the lower jaw opens the mouth. There are three rows of tiny black teeth below the mouth and one row above; at the sides and below these teeth are little, finger-like fringes. Fringes, rows of teeth and jaws all work together, up and down, out and in, in the process of breathing. The nostrils, although minute, are p
RM2AWEEBT–An introduction to the study of the comparative anatomy of animals . ult of segmentationis the same—viz. the formation of a blastula. The next step is the formation of a two-layered embryo,which is effected in Hydra by a process known as multipolarimmigration. During the growth of the blastula the planes ofdivision of the blastomeres were radial, but now several of thecells undergo tangential divisions and the innermost of theirproducts pass into the blastocoele. Other cells, again, slipbodily from their positions in the blastula wall and pass intothe blastocoele, and eventually the latter cav
RMPG1JB3–. Insect life; an introduction to nature study and a guide for teachers, students and others interested in out-of-door life. Entomology; Nature study. FOREST LIFE. 207 difficult than the breeding of those leaf-eating species that do not make nests; the changing of the latter from a wilted branch to a fresh one is accomplished without difficulty, but a similar process in the case of a leaf-roller implies the building of a new nest by the insect. For this reason it is best to leave the nests on the trees till the larvEe are nearly full-grown, and then to cut the branch bearing the nest and place
RM2AKW52K–Illustrated biography; or, Memoirs of the great and the good of all nations and all times; comprising sketches of eminent statesmen, philosophers, heroes, artists, reformers, philanthropists, mechanics, navigators, authors, poets, divines, soldiers, savans, etc . tory andgeology (the latter then a new study) varied and lightened his daily duties. Apaper, in which he gave an account of the habits of the cuckoo, from manyyears observation, procured him the honor of being elected a Fellow of theRoyal Society. But little was previously known of the habits of this singularbird. Dr. Jenner also freq
RMPFTNHN–. A manual for the study of insects. Insects. 340 THE STUDY OF INSECTS. more closely united to radius than to cubitus, leaving the latter apparently three-branched ; while in the Lasiocampid^ cubitus appears to be four-branched. This superfamily includes the Bombycidce which are represented in this country only by the Chinese Silkworm and three families of native moths. These can be separated by the following table :— A. Vein V2 of the fore wings arising midway between veins Vi and Vs. p. 340 BOMBYCID^. A A. Vein V2 of the fore wings arising nearer to vein Vi than to vein V3. 11 Hind wings wit
RM2AJF4WK–Manual of pathology : including bacteriology, the technic of postmortems, and methods of pathologic research . lated with cultures or threads that havebeen exposed to disinfectants. In the latter case it is to l)e rememlieredthat in rare instances the pathogenicity may be reduced without thegerm being destroyed. To study the pathogenesis of an organism inoculation of animals isnecessary. The animals most used are rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats, andmice. The absolute requisite to success is careful asepsis at ever stageof the process, and during the postmortem if the animal dies. If thedisease or
RMPFX917–. A manual for the study of insects. Insects. COLEOPTERA. 547 little variation in form ; but in this stage the shape of the parts of the head and the last segment of the body often furnish reliable specific characters (Figs. 658 and 659). In those species that we have bred it requires several years for the larva to complete its growth. In these species the full-grown larva changes to a pupa in the latter part of the summer, in a little cell in the ground ; the pupa soon afterwards changes to an adult; but the adult remains in the cell formed by the larva till the following spring. Although we
RM2AJ5X06–Triumphs and wonders of the 19th century, the true mirror of a phenomenal era, a volume of original, entertaining and instructive historic and descriptive writings, showing the many and marvellous achievements which distinguish an hundred years of material, intellectual, social and moral progress .. . to use books which would teach moral lessons.Church books, containing creeds and hymns and catechisms, might be usedin the school for study. Then there were the primers or books to teach theABC. The famous New England Primer was published in the latter partof the seventeenth century. Later editio
RMPF9KE4–. Devonian floras; a study of the origin of Cormophyta. Paleobotany -- Devonian. Fig. 39. ArchaeosigiUario priniaeva, White, from the ftliddle Devonian of the United States. Stem with leaf scars (reduced). After Wliite (1907). Fig. 38. Archaeosigillaria Vatiuxemi, (Goepp.), from the Upper Devonian of the United States, and Lower Carboni- ferous of England. (1) Leaf scars en- larged #. (2) Leafy tvyigs (nat. size). Specimens Nos. 1099 and 1106, Car- boniferous Plant Collections, Sedgwick Museum,Cambridge. (W.Tamsphoto.) In the latter country it also occurs in Middle Devonian beds'^. It is also
RM2AKN1NX–Plant-breeding; comments on the experiments of Nilsson and Burbank . , the internal correlations are the mostinteresting, and moreover those which may be the mostcompletely reHed upon. Outer life-conditions, working inthe same direction on different characters, on the other hand,are more easily understood and more directly accessible forexperimental study. On this account a rational treatmentwill have to begin with the latter, and discuss the formeror internal causes of correlation only after the field has beencleared as much as possible of its foreign elements. For this reason I have chosen f
RMPG4B5W–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. UROMYCES. 339 of pycnidia precedes that of teleutospores. The latter have a flattened concave base and rounded apex; their episporium is marked with delicate ribs running from apex to base.. FlQ. 181.—Vromvcts Teppenanus on twigs of ALbizzia montana brought by Prof. Stahl from Java. (v. Tubeuf phot.) Fuccinia. Teleutospores two-celled, and each abjointed from its own sporophore from large distinct sori. Each cell ha
RM2AWJDPE–The fireside university of modern invention, discovery, industry and art for home circle study and entertainment . s, so that if motion of any kind or form be producedin any way in the armature of any one of the said instruments,the amatures of all the other instruments upon the same circuitwill be moved in like manner and form, and if such motion beproduced in the former by sound, like sound will be producedby the motion of the latter. After seventeen years of litigation,involving a hundred million dollars worth of property, theabove specification was held by the Supreme Courtof the UnitedSta
RMPFW0DT–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. Tree Study 77S lines; the bark smooths out on the lower branches. But even more characteristic than the bark, are the ash branches and twigs; the latter are sparse, coarse and clumsy, those of the white ash being pale orange or gray and seemingly warped into curves at the ends; they are covered with whitish gray dots, which reveal themselves under the lens to be breathing- pores. The white ash loves to grow in rich woods or in rich soil anywhere, even though it be shallow; at its best
RM2AXH4BP–Metallurgy; an introduction to the study of physical metallurgy . e purpose of taking heating and cooling curves thethermo-electric couple is in almost universal use, as it possessesindisputable advantages over any other device. Most fre-quently the couple employed consists of a fine wire of pureplatinum and one of platinum alloyed with 10 per cent, ofeither rhodium or iridium. The latter has the advantage ofbeing rather more sensitive, and in the authors hands it hasproved extremely constant in its indications, even underdifficult conditions. The opinion is, however, widely heldthat the rhodi
RMPFYK3J–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. 5S8 Haiidbook of Nature-Study. THE ASTERS Teacher's Story ET us believe that the scientist who gave to the asters their Latin name was inspired. Aster means star and these, of all flowers, are most starlike; and in beautiful constellations they border our fields and woodsides. The aster combination of colors is often exquisite. Many- have the rays or banners lavender, oar-shaped and set like the rays of a star around the yellow disk-flowers; these latter send out long, yellow anther t
RM2AWJ7J6–Sons of Italy; a social and religious study of the Italians in America . face to facewith Domenick. Where is my boy? he cried, seizing thelapel of Domenicks coat, as the latter seemed about to slipaway. Oh! replied the Neapolitan lightly. I forgotall about him when we landed. Guess he is still on theship. Here are his papers if you want them. Tommasosfather snatched them eagerly, and rushed home. The Arrival By eight oclock the next morning the anxious parentswere on the ferry, and a few moments later they were stand-ing in front of a big desk hurriedly answering the customaryquestions of: Wha
RMPG1JXY–. Insect life; an introduction to nature study and a guide for teachers, students and others interested in out-of-door life. Entomology; Nature study. Fig. 23.—A crayfish.. F1G.24.—Crustacea: a, cy/rw,- the latter a large Of Cyclops; c, Dapknia. , ^ number of air vessels. Fig. 25. Asow-bug. There are minute Crustacea common in ponds and streams. Three of the more abundant of these group a species seems to belong, he should verify this determination by a study of the characters of that group given in the detailed discussion of it.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page
RM2AJMB43–Electricity for public schools and colleges . d some study of it will be in-structive. In practice it has,however, been now super-seded by other instruments.The figure represents oneform of the instrument. Arectangular or cylindricalglass case is provided, eitherwith a graduated scale roundthe sides, as here shown, or,what is better, with a planemirror at the bottom, onwhich is marked a circle 4 graduated in degrees. In what follows we shall ^^^ ^ assume that the latter method ^^*^ :;^^ss=^ Qf graduation has been adopted, and that the centreof this graduated circle is called O. Above the
RMPG4A07–. Nature-study; a manual for teachers and students. Nature study. a medium sized butterfly with purplish wings, the front pair bearing a conspicuous orange or red band across their sur- face. The larva feeds upon hop and nettle. In the latter part of the summer the Painted Beauty is commonly found on the as- ters and other fall flowers. It is a very nimble and active butterfly. The upper surface of the wings is blackish, with orange and white spots. The under side of the wings is the finest, being marbled with brown, gray, and white, with rose-colored spots on the front pair, and two eye-like
RM2AJ5E25–The morphology and evolutional significance of the pineal body : being part I of a contribution to the study of the epiphysis cerebri with an interpretation of the morphological, physiological and clinical evidence . Fig.30 The epiphyseal complex in an older Tropidonotus embryo, accordingto Leydig, 1897. Pf., Paraphysis; Ds., dorsal sac; Ch., commissura habenularis; E/>., proximalportion of pineal gland. is present. In fact, in the latter forms, namely, Crocodilia, theentire epiphyseal complex is said to be wanting and no evidenceof its development occurs at any time during ontogenesis figs
RMPG182B–. The feeding of animals. Feeds. COMMERCIAL FEEDING-STUFFS 249 study of the relation of the oat hulls to the kernel in quantity and composition. (Figs. 13 and 14.) 338. The oat grain, oat hulls.—^It is common knowl- edge that the oat grain consists of a hull and kernel, which are easUy separated. The former is fibrous and tough, and the latter soft with very little fiber. The hull forms a con- siderable portion of the grain. In 1894, the Ohio Experiment Station made a study of niuner- ous varieties of oats. It was found that with sixty-nine varieties the hulls constituted from 24.6 to 35.2 per
RM2AN48BE–Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . scription of the musculature of the aedeagus andendophallus is based on a study of Dissosteira Carolina, but a cursoryexamination of the other species suggests that the musculature andmechanism of the acridid male organs are the same throughout thefamily. 68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS NOL. 94 Two pairs of small muscles lie within the aedeagus, both arisingwithin the base of the latter (fig. 25 B) ; those of one pair (^/p)extend dorsally to the lateral plate (111) in the proximal part of thedorsal lobe, those of the other pair {^80) are attache
RMPFYJ1J–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. Sky Study 903. Arclurus and the Big Dipper. lowing its own curve for about twice its length and it will end in a beautiful, yellow star, the only very bright one in that region. It is a thousand times brighter than our own sun, but its light does not reach us for a hundred years after it is given off. Arcturus is supposed to be one of the largest of all the suns, having a diameter of severai millions of miles. During the latter part of June and July it is almost overhead in the early
RM2ANGBR9–The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste . ain-ing the amount of moisture or the sensibletemperature due to evaporation. We en- ter a proper regulated green-house, with atemperature of 65°, and feel a greaterdegree of warmth than in our furnace-heated dwelling at 70°. for the reason thatin the latter we have abundant moisture,while in the former not enough for com-fort or health. Scientific men have made hygrometry acareful study, and it is due to their effortsthat we have the hygrometer. This in-strument, as ordinarily constructed, re-quires a somewhat intricate calculation
RMPG3TPY–. Nature-study; a manual for teachers and students. Nature study. 35° NATURE-STUDY are covered with spines, recurved hooks, etc. to catch into the fur of animals and the garments of people. Plants with burs arc found abundantly where animals go, in the past- ures, along the fences and roadsides, around barns. There we find cocklebur, bur- dock, sandbur, pitch- forks, beggar's-lice, tick- trefoil, etc. Even the barbs or beards of grasses and grains act hke burs. This is well seen in barley and in the sfjuirrel-tail grass. In the latter each grain is provided with several long, slender, barbed a
RM2AWX9CX–The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 9); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . , which position he heldalso under Paul II and Sixtus R. At Rome, Raffaeloheld himself aloof from the court, devoting his time tothe practice of jiiety and to the study of philosophy, oftheolog, and of the Greek language, the latter underGeorge of Trebizond. In 1477, he went to Hungarywith Cardinal Louis of Aragon, on the latters missionto Matthias Corvinus. Upon his return, Raffaelo waspersuaded by the Blessed Gaspare da Firenze not tobecome
![. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. 178 Handbook of Nature-Study eyes, placed almost on top of the head, that no one could help calling one of them "Johnny." A "johnny" will look at you from one side, and then as quick as a flash, will flounce around and study you with the other eye and then come toward you head-on so that he may take you in with both eyes; he seems just as interested in the Johnny out of the jar as is the latter, in the johnny within. The johnny darter has a queer shaped body for a Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFYW3R/handbook-of-nature-study-for-teachers-and-parents-based-on-the-cornell-nature-study-leaflets-nature-study-178-handbook-of-nature-study-eyes-placed-almost-on-top-of-the-head-that-no-one-could-help-calling-one-of-them-quotjohnnyquot-a-quotjohnnyquot-will-look-at-you-from-one-side-and-then-as-quick-as-a-flash-will-flounce-around-and-study-you-with-the-other-eye-and-then-come-toward-you-head-on-so-that-he-may-take-you-in-with-both-eyes-he-seems-just-as-interested-in-the-johnny-out-of-the-jar-as-is-the-latter-in-the-johnny-within-the-johnny-darter-has-a-queer-shaped-body-for-a-PFYW3R.jpg ". Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. 178 Handbook of Nature-Study eyes, placed almost on top of the head, that no one could help calling one of them "Johnny." A "johnny" will look at you from one side, and then as quick as a flash, will flounce around and study you with the other eye and then come toward you head-on so that he may take you in with both eyes; he seems just as interested in the Johnny out of the jar as is the latter, in the johnny within. The johnny darter has a queer shaped body for a Stock Photo")
RMPFYW3R–. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. 178 Handbook of Nature-Study eyes, placed almost on top of the head, that no one could help calling one of them "Johnny." A "johnny" will look at you from one side, and then as quick as a flash, will flounce around and study you with the other eye and then come toward you head-on so that he may take you in with both eyes; he seems just as interested in the Johnny out of the jar as is the latter, in the johnny within. The johnny darter has a queer shaped body for a
RM2ANDW1F–Archives of internal medicine . is seen that the average carbon dioxid for both berthsand aisles of the two cars show only a fractional difference. If we bring into comparison the conditions of the two classes of cars,those without and those with the exhaust ventilators, a decided advantageis seen to lie with the latter in the study of berth conditions, as was beforenoted in the study of air from the car body. This comparison is graphic-ally represented for the general averages of the lower berths and the aislesin Chart 9, and an equivalent for the upper berths of all the ears repre- 114 TEE A
RMPG4B1T–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 204.—Diseased stem of Vaccinium in a later stage than Fig. 203. In each epidermal cell (a, a) six mother-cells have been formed, each subdivided into four teleutospores. Promycelia (6) have developed from many of tbe latter, and are in process of abjointing ofE the sporidia from lateral sterigmata. X 420. (After R. Hartig.). Fig. 205.—Calypiospora Goeppertiana. Aecidia on the under surface of needles of Silver
RM2AJ4MX9–Guide to the study of insects, and a treatise on those injurious and beneficial to crops: for the use of colleges, farm-schools, and agriculturists . end of the egg is more often the fixed one, andit may thus be distinguished from the anterior pole. In theeggs of some Diptera and Orthoptera. the ventral side of theembryo, according to Gerstaecker, corresponds to the convexside of the egg, and the concave side of the latter correspondsto the dorsal region of the embryo. The surface of the chorion, or egg-shell, which is dense andbrittle, is often covered by a mosaic-work of more or less regu-la
RMPG1JGR–. Insect life; an introduction to nature study and a guide for teachers, students and others interested in out-of-door life. Entomology; Nature study. 154 INSECT LIFE. It will not thrive in an ordinary aquarium, but it can be kept alive in one through which there is a current of well-aerated water flowing. If such an aquarium is lacking, specimens can be kept alive on damp sand or in a box with freshly cut grass, for this is a truly amphibious species. As this insect lives nearly three years in the larval state, larvae can be found at any season of the year. In the latter part of May or early
RM2AJM74A–Literature of the world : an introductory study . century isLa Fontaine, author of a series of Contes, or short tales, drawnlargely from the fab-liaux and from Boc-caccio, and of theFables, based oniEsop and his imita-tors. He is at his bestin the latter—grace-ful, elegant, subtly iron-ical, revealing the keeneye, the line candor,and the sparkling nar-rative style of one whowas almost of the electHe may be said to havegiven its typical verseform to the animalstory and to have re-cast the uncouth med-ieval Reynard into aparlor friend. The greatness of thegrand siecle is centeredin the splendid
RMPG3W0B–. Nature-study; a manual for teachers and students. Nature study. LESSONS WITH PLANTS 319 starch in tubers, roots, root-stalks, and other parts as a reserve supply. Seeds also contain reserve food, sometimes in the form of starch as in grains, sometimes in the form of oils as in many nuts, and in other forms. It is chiefly in this form that man utilizes the food obtained from plants. As a by-product in starch-making, plants give off oxygen gas. They absorb,for their food the carbon di- oxide which is harmful to animals, and return to the air the oxygen which the latter need. Animals, on the ot
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